FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Upton, JE Buchman, JL AF Munyaneza, Joseph E. Crosslin, James M. Upton, Jeffrey E. Buchman, Jeremy L. TI Incidence of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma in local populations of the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus, in Washington State SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE potato; purple top disease; beet leafhopper; phytoplasma infectivity ID PURPLE TOP PHYTOPLASMA; COLUMBIA BASIN; INSECT VECTORS; CICADELLIDAE; HEMIPTERA; DISEASES; POTATOES; OREGON; PLANTS; VIRUS AB Phytoplasma diseases are increasingly becoming important in vegetable crops in the Pacific Northwest. Recently, growers in the Columbia Basin and Yakima Valley experienced serious outbreaks of potato purple top disease that caused significant yield loss and a reduction in tuber processing quality. It was determined that the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma was the causal agent of the disease in the area and that this pathogen was transmitted by the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). To provide the most effective management of phytoplasmas, timing of insecticide applications targeted against insects vectoring these pathogens should be correlated with both insect abundance and infectivity. Beet leafhoppers were collected from a potato field and nearby weeds in Washington throughout the 2005, 2006, and 2007 growing seasons and tested for BLTVA by PCR to determine the incidence of this phytoplasma in the insects. In addition, overwintering beet leafhoppers were collected throughout Columbia Basin and Yakima Valley and tested for BLTVA to investigate if these insects might constitute a source of inoculum for this phytoplasma from one season to the next. Results showed that 29.6% of overwintering leafhoppers collected near potato fields carried the phytoplasma. BLTVA-infected leafhoppers were also found in both potatoes and nearby weedy habitats throughout the growing season. PCR testing indicated that a large proportion of beet leafhoppers invading potatoes were infected with the phytoplasma, with an average of 20.8, 34.8, and 9.2% in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. Similarly, BLTVA infection rate in leafhoppers collected from weeds in the vicinity of potatoes averaged 28.3, 24.5, and 5.6% in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. Information from this study will help develop action thresholds for beet leafhopper control to reduce incidence of purple top disease in potatoes. C1 [Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Upton, Jeffrey E.; Buchman, Jeremy L.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM joseph.munyaneza@ars.usda.gov; jim.crosslin@ars.usda.gov; jeff.upton@co.yakima.wa.us; jeremy.buchman@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission FX We thank Launa Hamlin, Blaine Heilman, Aaron Lance, Megan Murray, and Nicholas Maquillan for invaluable technical assistance. We are also grateful to Dave Horton for his assistance with statistical analysis. In addition, we thank anonymous reviewers who made suggestions to an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial support for this work was partially provided by the Washington State Potato Commission. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 18 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 569XU UT WOS:000275637000002 ER PT J AU Santos, IKFD Lunney, JK Ferreira, BR AF de Miranda Santos, Isabel K. Ferreira Lunney, Joan K. Ferreira, Beatriz Rossetti TI Highlights of the 8th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [de Miranda Santos, Isabel K. Ferreira] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem & Immunol, Ribeirao Preto Sch Med, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [de Miranda Santos, Isabel K. Ferreira] Brazilian Enterprise Agr Res, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Lunney, Joan K.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ferreira, Beatriz Rossetti] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Ribeirao Preto Sch Nursing, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. RP Santos, IKFD (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Bioquim & Imunol, Ave Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. EM imsantos@fmrp.usp.br RI Ferreira, Beatriz/C-2003-2012; de Miranda Santos, Isabel/B-7597-2012; de Miranda Santos, Isabel/D-5261-2016 OI Ferreira, Beatriz/0000-0002-6781-2236; de Miranda Santos, Isabel/0000-0002-0438-4430; NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 128 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.289 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 423OC UT WOS:000264504600001 ER PT J AU Entrican, G Lunney, JK Rutten, VP Baldwin, CL AF Entrican, Gary Lunney, Joan K. Rutten, Victor P. Baldwin, Cynthia L. TI A current perspective on availability of tools, resources and networks for veterinary immunology SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antibodies; Cytokines; Veterinary; Reagents; Databases ID ANIMAL HOMOLOG SECTION; WORKSHOP; HLDA8 AB There are many diseases of fish, livestock and companion animals that impact negatively on animal health, welfare and productivity and for which there are no effective vaccines. The development of new vaccines is reliant on the availability of well-characterised immunological tools and reagents to understand host-pathogen interactions and identify protective immune responses. Veterinary immunology has always lagged behind mouse and human immunology in terms of development and availability of tools and reagents. However, several initiatives are underway to address this. The Veterinary Immunology Committee (VIC) Toolkit was initiated 6 years ago at the sixth International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS) in Uppsala and in the intervening period there have been several notable developments that have advanced reagent development and information exchange. This review will discuss advances in veterinary reagent development, networks, databases and commercial availability with particular reference to the second VIC Toolkit workshop held at the eighth IVIS in Ouro Preto, Brazil on the 15th of August 2007. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Entrican, Gary] Moredun Res Inst, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lunney, Joan K.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rutten, Victor P.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Fac Vet Med, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. [Baldwin, Cynthia L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Entrican, G (reprint author), Moredun Res Inst, Pentlands Sci Pk, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM gary.entrican@moredun.ac.uk FU Scottish Government; BBSRC/RERAD Toolbox [BBS/B/00255, MRI/094/04]; USDA/VIRN; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35204-16880] FX The authors thank IUIS-VIC for developing and supporting the VIC Toolkit Initiative. G.E. is funded by the Scottish Government, Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate (RERAD) and supported by the BBSRC/RERAD Toolbox, grant numbers BBS/B/00255, MRI/094/04. J.L. and C.B. are supported by the USDA/VIRN, the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35204-16880. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.291 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 423OC UT WOS:000264504600004 PM 19027172 ER PT J AU Mallard, BA McBride, BW Kehrli, ME Coussens, PM AF Mallard, B. A. McBride, B. W. Kehrli, M. E. Coussens, P. M. TI Bovine immunophysiology and genetics: A review of the research and career of Jeanne L. Burton SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bovine immunophysiology; Immunogenetics; Host defense; Dairy health; Quantitative genetics; Animal breeding ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; PERIPARTURIENT HOLSTEIN CATTLE; DAIRY-COWS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; GROWTH-HORMONE; SUPPLEMENTAL CHROMIUM; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS C1 [Mallard, B. A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [McBride, B. W.] Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Kehrli, M. E.] ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Coussens, P. M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mallard, BA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.306 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 423OC UT WOS:000264504600014 PM 19059653 ER PT J AU Butler, JE Lager, KM Splichal, I Francis, D Kacskovics, I Sinkora, M Wertz, N Sun, J Zhao, Y Brown, WR DeWald, R Dierks, S Muyidermans, S Lunney, JK McCray, PB Rogers, CS Welsh, MJ Navarro, P Klobasa, F Habe, F Ramsoondar, J AF Butler, J. E. Lager, K. M. Splichal, I. Francis, D. Kacskovics, I. Sinkora, M. Wertz, N. Sun, J. Zhao, Y. Brown, W. R. DeWald, R. Dierks, S. Muyidermans, S. Lunney, J. K. McCray, P. B. Rogers, C. S. Welsh, M. J. Navarro, P. Klobasa, F. Habe, F. Ramsoondar, J. TI The piglet as a model for B cell and immune system development SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Swine; Gnotobiotic; Models; Developmental immunology; Review ID ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE DEVELOPMENT; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; GERM-FREE PIGLETS; V-H GENES; MATERNAL-NEONATAL IMMUNOREGULATION; COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED PIGLETS; TYPE-2 PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB The ability to identify factors responsible for disease in all species depends on the ability to separate those factors which are environmental from those that are intrinsic. This is particularly important for studies on the development of the adaptive immune response of neonates. Studies on laboratory rodents or primates have been ambiguous because neither the effect of environmental nor maternal factors on the newborn can be controlled in mammals that: (i) transmit potential maternal immunoregulatory factors in utero and (ii) are altricial and cannot be reared after birth without their mothers. Employing the newborn piglet model can address each of these concerns. However, it comes at the price of having first to characterize the immune system of swine and its development. This review focuses on the porcine B cell system, especially on the methods used for its characterization in fetal studies and neonatal piglets. Understanding these procedures is important in the interpretation of the data obtained. Studies on neonatal piglets have (a) provided valuable information on the development of the adaptive immune system, (b) lead to important advances in evolutionary biology, (c) aided our understanding of passive immunity and (d) provided opportunities to use swine to address specific issues in veterinary and biomedical research and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the history of the development of the piglet as a model for antibody repertoire development, thus providing a framework to guide future investigators. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Butler, J. E.; Wertz, N.] Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Lager, K. M.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Splichal, I.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Microbiol, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic. [Francis, D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Kacskovics, I.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Biol, Dept Immunol, Budapest, Hungary. [Sun, J.] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Zhao, Y.] China Agr Univ, Coll Biol Sci, State Key Lab AgroBiotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Brown, W. R.; Dierks, S.] Abbott Labs, N Chicago, IL 60064 USA. [DeWald, R.] Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Muyidermans, S.] Free Univ Brussels, Cellular & Mol Immunol Lab, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Lunney, J. K.] ARS, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [McCray, P. B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rogers, C. S.; Welsh, M. J.] Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Navarro, P.] Pioneer Res, Johnston, IA USA. [Klobasa, F.] FAL, Inst Fuer Tierzucht Tierenverhalten, Mariensee, Germany. [Habe, F.] Univ Ljubljana, Zootech Dept, Domzale, Slovenia. [Ramsoondar, J.] Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM john-butler@uiowa.edu RI Kacskovics, Imre/J-8449-2013; Sinkora, Marek/H-2523-2014; OI Kacskovics, Imre/0000-0002-0402-3862 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL051670-14, P01 HL051670, P01 HL091842, P01 HL091842-010001] NR 175 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.321 PG 24 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 423OC UT WOS:000264504600021 PM 19056129 ER PT J AU Tatineni, S Afunian, MR Gowda, S Hilf, ME Bar-Joseph, M Dawson, WO AF Tatineni, Satyanarayana Afunian, Mohammad R. Gowda, Siddarame Hilf, Mark E. Bar-Joseph, Moshe Dawson, William O. TI Characterization of the 5 '- and 3 '-terminal subgenomic RNAs produced by a capillovirus: Evidence for a CP subgenomic RNA SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flexiviridae; Citrus tatter leaf virus; sgRNAs; Coat protein; Gene expression ID CITRUS-TRISTEZA-VIRUS; CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; CONTROLLER ELEMENTS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INFECTED CELLS; COAT PROTEIN; STRANDED-RNA; GENOMIC RNA AB The members of Capillovirus genus encode two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 encodes a large polyprotein containing the replication-associated proteins plus a coat protein (CP), and ORF2 encodes a movement protein (MP), located within ORF1 in a different reading frame. Organization of the CP sequence as part of the replicase ORF is unusual in capilloviruses. In this study, we examined the capillovirus genome expression strategy by characterizing viral RNAs produced by Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), isolate ML, a Capillovirus. CFLV-ML produced a genome-length RNA of similar to 6.5-kb and two 3'-terminal sgRNAs in infected tissue that contain the MP and CP coding sequences (3'-sgRNA1), and the CP coding sequence (3'-sgRNA2), respectively. Both 3'-sgRNAs initiate at a conserved octanucleotide (UUGAAAGA), and are 1826 (3'-sgRNA1) and 869 (3'-sgRNA2) nts with 119 and 15 nt leader sequences, respectively, suggesting that these two 3'-sgRNAs Could serve to express the MP and CP. Additionally, accumulation of two 5'-terminal sgRNAs of 5586 (5'-sgRNA1) and 4625 (5'-sgRNA2) nts was observed, and their 3'-termini mapped to 38-44 nts upstream of the transcription start sites of 3'-sgRNAs. The presence of a separate 3'-sgRNA corresponding to the CP coding sequence and its cognate 5'-terminal sgRNA (5'-sgRNA1) suggests that CTLV-ML produces a dedicated sg mRNA for the expression of its CP. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tatineni, Satyanarayana] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; Afunian, Mohammad R.; Gowda, Siddarame; Dawson, William O.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Circus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Tatineni, Satyanarayana] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hilf, Mark E.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Bar-Joseph, Moshe] Volcani Ctr, IL-50259 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Tatineni, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 314 Biochem Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Satyanarayana.tatineni@ars.usda.gov FU University of Florida-Institute of Food and Agricultural Science; Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council (FCPRAC) FX We thank Dr. Roy French for critical reading of the manuscript. We thank Cecile Robertson for maintaining CTLV-1VIL-infected citrus plants in the greenhouse; Turksen Shilts and John Cook for their technical help. This research was supported in part by the University of Florida-Institute of Food and Agricultural Science and grants from the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council (FCPRAC). NR 45 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 385 IS 2 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.12.024 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 419XE UT WOS:000264252200025 PM 19155038 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Vemuri, M Adkins, Y Gill, SHS Fedor, D Mackey, BE AF Kelley, Darshan S. Vemuri, Madhuri Adkins, Yuriko Gill, Sher Himmat S. Fedor, Dawn Mackey, Bruce E. TI Flaxseed oil prevents trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid-induced insulin resistance in mice SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alpha-Linolenic acid; n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Cardiovascular disease ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; IMMUNE CELL FUNCTIONS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIVER-DISEASE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; DIABETES-MELLITUS; FISH-OIL; SUPPLEMENTATION; MOUSE; ADIPONECTIN AB Insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are found in 35 and 30% of US adults, respectively. Trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been found to cause both these disorders in several animal models. We hypothesised that IR and NAFLD caused by CLA result from n-3 fatty acid deficiency. Pathogen-free C57BL/6N female mice (aged 8 weeks; n 10) were fed either a control diet or diets containing trans-10, cis-12-CLA (0.5 %) or CLA + flaxseed oil (FSO) (0.5 % + 0.5 %) for 8 weeks. Weights of livers, concentration of circulating insulin, values of homeostatic model 1 (HOMA1) for IR and HOMA1 for 0 cell function were higher by 160, 636, 985 and 968 % in the CLA group compared with those in the control group. FSO decreased fasting glucose by 20 % and liver weights by 37 % compared with those in the CLA group; it maintained circulating insulin, HOMA1-IR and HOMA1 for P cell function at levels found in the control group. CLA supplementation decreased n-6 and n-3 wt% concentrations of liver lipids by 57 and 73 % and increased the n-6:n-3 ratio by 58 % compared with corresponding values in the control group. FSO increased n-6 and n-3 PUFA in liver lipids by 33 and 342 % and decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio by 70 % compared with corresponding values in the CLA group. The present results suggest that some adverse effects of CLA may be due to n-3 PUFA deficiency and that these can be corrected by a concomitant increase in the intake of a-linolenic acid, 18: 3n-3. C1 [Kelley, Darshan S.; Vemuri, Madhuri; Adkins, Yuriko; Gill, Sher Himmat S.; Fedor, Dawn] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kelley, Darshan S.; Vemuri, Madhuri; Adkins, Yuriko; Gill, Sher Himmat S.; Fedor, Dawn] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mackey, Bruce E.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM darshan.kelley@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD MAR 14 PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.1017/S0007114508027451 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 422WR UT WOS:000264458900010 PM 18710604 ER PT J AU Richter, DD Jenkins, DH Karakash, JT Knight, J McCreery, LR Nemestothy, KP AF Richter, Daniel deB., Jr. Jenkins, Dylan H. Karakash, John T. Knight, Josiah McCreery, Lew R. Nemestothy, Kasimir P. TI Wood Energy in America SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Richter, Daniel deB., Jr.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, So Ctr Sustainable Forests, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jenkins, Dylan H.] Penn Forest Conservat Program, Nat Conservancy, Williamsport, PA 17701 USA. [Karakash, John T.] Resource Profess Grp, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Knight, Josiah] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McCreery, Lew R.] USDA, Forest Serv, State & Private Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Nemestothy, Kasimir P.] Austrian Chamber Agr, Dept Forestry & Energy, A-1014 Vienna, Austria. RP Richter, DD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, So Ctr Sustainable Forests, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM drichter@duke.edu NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 13 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5920 BP 1432 EP 1433 DI 10.1126/science.1166214 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 417TP UT WOS:000264101700023 PM 19286539 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Schmidt, S AF Smith, David R. Schmidt, Stefan TI A new subfamily, genus, and species of Cephidae (Hymenoptera) from Australia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter DE Cephidae; Australcephinae; Australcephus; stem sawfly ID INDONESIA AB Australcephinae, n. subf., is described from Queensland, Australia, based on Australcephus storeyi, n. gen., n. sp. This is the only cephid known from Australia and one of the few from the Southern Hemisphere. A key is given for the three recognized subfamilies of Cephidae. C1 [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Schmidt, Stefan] Zool Staatssammlung, D-81247 Munich, Germany. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; stefan.schmidt@zsm.mwn.de NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 13 PY 2009 IS 2034 BP 56 EP 60 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 417YS UT WOS:000264115000005 ER PT J AU Montgomery, DR Schmidt, KM Dietrich, WE McKean, J AF Montgomery, David R. Schmidt, Kevin M. Dietrich, William E. McKean, Jim TI Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; UNCHANNELED CATCHMENT; HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE; RUNOFF GENERATION; BEDROCK GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; STEEP; LANDSLIDE; RATES; HILLSLOPES AB The middle of a hillslope hollow in the Oregon Coast Range failed and mobilized as a debris flow during heavy rainfall in November 1996. Automated pressure transducers recorded high spatial variability of pore water pressure within the area that mobilized as a debris flow, which initiated where local upward flow from bedrock developed into overlying colluvium. Postfailure observations of the bedrock surface exposed in the debris flow scar reveal a strong spatial correspondence between elevated piezometric response and water discharging from bedrock fractures. Measurements of apparent root cohesion on the basal (C-b) and lateral (C-l) scarp demonstrate substantial local variability, with areally weighted values of C-b = 0.1 and C-l = 4.6 kPa. Using measured soil properties and basal root strength, the widely used infinite slope model, employed assuming slope parallel groundwater flow, provides a poor prediction of hydrologic conditions at failure. In contrast, a model including lateral root strength (but neglecting lateral frictional strength) gave a predicted critical value of relative soil saturation that fell within the range defined by the arithmetic and geometric mean values at the time of failure. The 3-D slope stability model CLARA-W, used with locally observed pore water pressure, predicted small areas with lower factors of safety within the overall slide mass at sites consistent with field observations of where the failure initiated. This highly variable and localized nature of small areas of high pore pressure that can trigger slope failure means, however, that substantial uncertainty appears inevitable for estimating hydrologic conditions within incipient debris flows under natural conditions. C1 [Montgomery, David R.] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Montgomery, David R.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schmidt, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dietrich, William E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McKean, Jim] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID USA. RP Montgomery, DR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dave@ess.washington.edu RI McKean, Jim/C-3581-2011 FU National Science Foundation [CMS-9610269] FX This project was supported by National Science Foundation grant CMS-9610269. John Buffington, Shannon Hayes, John Heffner, Arjun Heimsath, Maria Panfil, Josh Roering, Jonathan Stock, and Ray Torres provided field assistance immediately after the CB1 debris flow. Tamara Massong, Darryl Granger, and Matt Coglon provided field assistance for topographic surveying. Mark Reid of the U. S. Geological Survey provided the piezometers, installed during October 1996. John Heffner, Jim Clarke, and Kate Sullivan of the Weyerhaeuser Company provided tactical and logistical support for studies at the Coos Bay sites. We also thank Jeff Coe, Ed Harp, Bill Haneberg, and David Milledge for thoughtful comments on draft manuscripts. NR 90 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 12 PY 2009 VL 114 AR F01031 DI 10.1029/2008JF001078 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 419PK UT WOS:000264231400001 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Conley, MM AF Kimball, Bruce A. Conley, Matthew M. TI Infrared heater arrays for warming field plots scaled up to 5-m diameter SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canopy temperature; Ecosystems; Global change; Climate change; Global warming; Infrared heater; Thermal radiation ID RESPONSES; CO2 AB As Earth continues to warm globally, there is a need to conduct ecosystem plot warming experiments under conditions as representative of open fields in the future as possible. One promising approach is to use hexagonal arrays of infrared heaters such as described by [Kimball, B.A., Conley, M.M., Wang, S., Lin, X., Luo, C., Morgan, J., Smith, D., 2008. Infrared heater arrays for warming ecosystem field plots. Global Change Biology 14, 309-320]. However, their plots were only 3 m in diameter (7.1 m(2)), which limits the stature of vegetation to shorter than about 1 m and also limits the amount of plant material that can destructively harvested. Therefore, we tested a larger hexagonal 5-m diameter array of infrared heaters, which provided a near tripling of useable area (19.6 m(2)). The number of heaters was tripled from 6 to 18, and their height above the vegetative (wheat) canopy was scaled with the diameter (0.4 times diameter = 2.0 m). Distributions of down-going thermal radiation and of the resultant warming of the vegetation were quite uniform across the plot. Moreover, the same equation previously determined from 3-m diameter plots to describe the thermal radiation efficiency as a function of wind speed was still applicable. Thus, no problems were encountered in tripling the area of the infrared heater-warmed plots. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Kimball, Bruce A.; Conley, Matthew M.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Bruce.Kimball@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 721 EP 724 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.09.015 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 417MI UT WOS:000264079700027 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Zhu, LB Feinstein, Y Ravishankar, S AF Friedman, Mendel Zhu, Libin Feinstein, Yelena Ravishankar, Sadhana TI Carvacrol Facilitates Heat-Induced Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Inhibits Formation of Heterocyclic Amines in Grilled Ground Beef Patties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia. coli O157:H7; beef patties; heterocyclic amines; carvacrol; inhibition ID PATHOGEN BACILLUS-CEREUS; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; AROMATIC-AMINES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; STORAGE STABILITY AB Heating meat at high temperature and/or for a long time to kill foodborne pathogens increases the formation of potentially carcinogenic heterocyclic amines. To overcome this problem, 1% carvacrol, the main ingredient of oregano oil widely used in salad dressings, was added to ground beef, which was mixed well and then inoculated with Escherichia coli O157: HT Beef patties were then prepared and heat-treated on a preheated electrical skillet to reach an internal temperature of 65, 70, or 80 degrees C at the cold spot. Samples were enumerated for surviving E. coli O157:H7 population by plating on appropriate media. Heterocyclic amines (Me1Q, MelQx, and PhIP) were extracted from ground beef using solid phase extraction and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan type in positive mode was used to monitor the amines of interest. Compared to controls, the population of E. coli 01 57:H7 was reduced by 2.5-5 logs. The corresponding highest reductions in the three major amines were Me1Q, 58%; MelQx, 72%; and PhIP, 78%. The results show that carvacrol concurrently reduced E. coli O157:H7 and amines in a widely consumed meat product. Possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects and dietary significance of the results are discussed. C1 [Zhu, Libin; Ravishankar, Sadhana] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Feinstein, Yelena] Univ Arizona, Ctr Toxicol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ravishankar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sadhravi@email.arizona.edu OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA23074]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06694] NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1848 EP 1853 DI 10.1021/jf8022657 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 415ZH UT WOS:000263974500025 PM 19222201 ER PT J AU Brownmiller, C Howard, LR Prior, RL AF Brownmiller, Cindi Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. TI Processing and Storage Effects on Procyanidin Composition and Concentration of Processed Blueberry Products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Blueberries; procyanidins; processing; storage ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; MODEL SOLUTIONS; ANTHOCYANINS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; QUANTIFICATION; POLYPHENOLICS; CONSUMPTION; EXTRACT; IMPACT AB Blueberries are a rich source of procyaniclins that may contribute to the reduced risk of chronic disease; however, because of seasonal availability, the berries are commonly consumed in thermally processed forms after long-term storage. In this study, we evaluated the effects of processing and 6 months of storage on procyanidin composition and content of blueberries that were canned in syrup (CS), canned in water (CW), pureed, and juiced (nonclarified and clarified). Processing blueberries into various forms resulted in significant losses of total procyaniclins, with only 19 and 23% being retained in nonclarified and clarified juices, 41% retained in purees, and 65 and 78% being retained in berries CS and CW. The mono- and dimers were retained to a much greater extent than larger oligomers in all products following processing. Procyanidins were further degraded during 6 months of storage, with only 8% and 11% retained in clarified and nonclarified juices, 7% retained in pureed, and 22 and 32% retained in berries CS and CW. Similar to results obtained following processing, mono-and dimers were better retained than larger oligomers. Methods are needed to prevent procyanidin losses during processing and storage. C1 [Brownmiller, Cindi; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1896 EP 1902 DI 10.1021/jf803015s PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 415ZH UT WOS:000263974500032 PM 19215129 ER PT J AU Sakaliene, O Papiernik, SK Koskinen, WC Kavoliunaite, I Brazenaitei, J AF Sakaliene, Ona Papiernik, Sharon K. Koskinen, William C. Kavoliunaite, Irena Brazenaitei, Janina TI Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Clopyralid; dicamba; leaching; mecoprop; MCPP; pendimethalin ID FIELD LYSIMETERS; SOILS; PERSISTENCE; IRRIGATION; SIMULATION; MOVEMENT; DICAMBA; FLOW AB information regarding pesticide mobility is critical for the evaluation of pesticide management practices. Lysimeters have been used worldwide to assess the transport and plant uptake of solutes under relevant moisture regimes and crop production practices. We used repacked field lysimeters to evaluate the leaching and plant uptake of the herbicides pendimethalin, clopyralid, mecoprop (MCPP), and dicamba following fall and spring application to soil cropped to winter rye (Secale cereale L.). In most fall and spring trials, mass loss of herbicide through leaching was < 3% of the amount applied. On the basis of this 6 year experiment, it appears that clopyralid is the most mobile of the tested herbicides in this soil, followed by dicamba, mecoprop, and pendimethalin. None of the herbicides was present in rye grain or straw at concentrations that exceed current E.U. or U.S. tolerances. C1 [Papiernik, Sharon K.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Brazenaitei, Janina] Vilnius State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Koskinen, William C.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sakaliene, Ona; Kavoliunaite, Irena] Lithuanian Inst Agr, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Sharon.Papiernik@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1975 EP 1981 DI 10.1021/jf8032667 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 415ZH UT WOS:000263974500044 PM 19199601 ER PT J AU Hasjim, J Srichuwong, S Scott, MP Jane, JL AF Hasjim, Jovin Srichuwong, Sathaporn Scott, M. Paul Jane, Jay-lin TI Kernel Composition, Starch Structure, and Enzyme Digestibility of opaque-2 Maize and Quality Protein Maize SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Opaque-2 maize; quality protein maize; dry-ground maize; starch digestibility; physicochemical properties ID BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; PASTING PROPERTIES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; ENDOSPERM; LYSINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RICE; WAXY AB Objectives of this study were to understand how opaque-2 (o2) mutation and quality protein maize (QPM) affect maize kernel composition and starch structure, property, and enzyme digestibility. Kernels of o2 maize contained less protein (9.6-12.5%) than those of the wild-type (WT) counterparts (12.7-13.3%). Kernels of a severe o2 mutant B46o2 also contained less starch (66.9%) than those of B46wt (73.0%). B46o2 and QPM starches contained less amylose (28.0 and 26.0%, respectively) than others (31.9-33.7%). The B46o2 starch also consisted of amylopectin with the fewest branch chains of DP 13-24. Thus, the B46o2 starch was the most susceptible to porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) hydrolysis. Starches of the dry-ground o2 maize and QPM were hydrolyzed faster than that of the dry-ground WT maize, resulting from the reduced protein content of the o2-maize kernels and the reduced amylose content of the B46o2 and QPM starch. Starch in the dry-ground maize sample was hydrolyzed faster by PPA (85-91%) than was the isolated starch (62-71%), which could be attributed to the presence of mechanically damaged starch granules and endogenous amylases in the dry-ground maize samples. These results showed that o2 maize and QPM had highly digestible starch and could be desirable for feed and ethanol production. C1 [Hasjim, Jovin; Srichuwong, Sathaporn; Jane, Jay-lin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, M. Paul] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jane, JL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jjane@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010; Hasjim, Jovin/A-7228-2011 OI Hasjim, Jovin/0000-0001-5162-9456 NR 33 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2049 EP 2055 DI 10.1021/jf803406y PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 415ZH UT WOS:000263974500055 PM 19206469 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI A review of the genus Ditylometopa Kertesz (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Ditylometopa elegans; D. centralensis; new species; Stratiomyidae; Neotropical; taxonomy AB The genus Ditylometopa Kertesz (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Clitellariinae), which occurs only in the Neotropical Region, is reviewed. Euryneura rufifrons Curran, 1934 is synonymized with Ditylometopa elegans Kertesz, 1923. A neotype is designated for D. elegans. Two species are recognized, including Ditylometopa centralensis sp. nov., which is described from Costa Rica (type locality) and Nicaragua and may occur in Brazil. C1 USDA, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS, Smithsonian Inst NHB 168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 11 PY 2009 IS 2032 BP 39 EP 47 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 417YQ UT WOS:000264114800002 ER PT J AU Strand, T Lamb, B Thistle, H Allwine, E Peterson, H AF Strand, Tara Lamb, Brian Thistle, Harold Allwine, Eugene Peterson, Holly TI A simple model for simulation of insect pheromone dispersion within forest canopies SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE In-canopy dispersion; Bark beetle; Instantaneous; Lagrangian; Tracer ID MEANDERING-PLUME MODEL; TRACER CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; FINE-SCALE STRUCTURE; MATING DISRUPTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TIME SCALES; IPS-PINI; BEETLE; QUALITY; FLIGHT AB Synthetic pheromones and other behavioral chemicals are used by land managers to prevent insect-caused tree mortality or crop failure in forest and agricultural systems. Currently, no method exists to continuously measure pheromone concentration or movement in real-time. To improve our understanding of pheromone fate and transport under different forest canopies, results from a set of surrogate pheromone (sulfur hexafluoride tracer) experimental trials were used to evaluate a simple, instantaneous, three-dimensional Lagrangian dispersion model. The model was designed to predict both instantaneous and time-averaged pheromone concentrations. Overall, the results from the model show simulated time-averaged arc maximum concentrations within a factor of two of the observed data. The model correctly matched the sharp peaks and narrow widths of the meandering plumes observed in the instantaneous data, however the magnitude of the instantaneous peaks was often under-estimated. This model and evaluation provide the basis for a tool that can be used to guide deployment of synthetic pheromones or other semiochemicals for monitoring, mass trapping, or disruption of mating or aggregation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Strand, Tara; Lamb, Brian; Allwine, Eugene] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Strand, Tara] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, AIRFIRE Team, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Thistle, Harold] US Forest Serv, USDA, FHTET, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Peterson, Holly] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Strand, T (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tarastrand@fs.fed.us; blamb@wsu.edu; hthistle@fs.fed.us; allwineg@mail.wsu.edu; hpeterson@mtech.edu FU AIRFIRE research team; PWFSL; USDA FS; USDA Forest Service FHP/FHTET [01-CA-11244225-025]; USDA Forest Service [FHTET TD.00.M03, FHTET TD.00.M01] FX The authors would like to especially recognize Dr. Patrick Shea for his expertise and help with this work. We thank Mike Huey, Wes Throop, Robert Beckley, Patricia Skyler, and Erik Lamb for their support in the field. Thankyou to the AIRFIRE research team, PWFSL, USDA FS for support. This research was supported and funded by the USDA Forest Service FHP/FHTET award No. 01-CA-11244225-025 and USDA Forest Service Projects FHTET TD.00.M03 and FHTET TD.00.M01. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 5 BP 640 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.11.018 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413UL UT WOS:000263817900006 ER PT J AU Li, MS Huang, CQ Zhu, ZL Shi, H Lu, H Peng, SK AF Li, Mingshi Huang, Chengquan Zhu, Zhiliang Shi, Hua Lu, Heng Peng, Shikui TI Assessing rates of forest change and fragmentation in Alabama, USA, using the vegetation change tracker model SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest fragmentation; Geospatial metrics; Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM); VCT model ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; SCALE PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; REFORESTATION; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; HISTORY; CHINA; AREA AB Forest change is of great concern for land use decision makers and conservation communities. Quantitative and spatial forest change information is critical for addressing many pressing issues, including global climate change, carbon budgets, and sustainability. In this study, our analysis focuses on the differences in geospatial patterns and their changes between federal forests and nonfederal forests in Alabama over the time period 1987-2005, by interpreting 163 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes using a vegetation change tracker (VCT) model. Our analysis revealed that for the most part of 1990 s and between 2000 and 2005, Alabama lost about 2% of its forest on an annual basis due to disturbances, but much of the losses were balanced by forest regeneration from previous disturbances. The disturbance maps revealed that federal forests were reasonably well protected, with the fragmentation remaining relatively stable over time. In contrast, nonfederal forests, which are predominant in area share (about 95%), were heavily disturbed, clearly demonstrating decreasing levels of fragmentation during the time period 1987-1993 giving way to a subsequent accelerating fragmentation during the time period 1994-2005. Additionally, the identification of the statistical relationships between forest fragmentation status and forest loss rate and forest net change rate in relation to land ownership implied the distinct differences in forest cutting rate and cutting patterns between federal forests and nonfederal forests. The forest spatial change information derived from the model has provided valuable insights regarding regional forest management practices and disturbance regimes. which are closely associated with regional economics and environmental concerns. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Mingshi; Peng, Shikui] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China. [Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] USDA Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Shi, Hua] US Geol Survey, ERO Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Lu, Heng] Nanjing Normal Univ, Jiangsu Prov Level Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. RP Li, MS (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China. EM nfulms@yahoo.com.cn OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 FU U.S. Geological Survey; NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs FX This research was performed while the lead author held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program postdoctoral award at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. This work was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey and grants from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs. We thank the Department of Geography, University of Maryland for providing facilities for developing the forest disturbance maps. The authors would like to express our gratitude to Kurtis Nelson for aiding in the calculation of Pff index and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 10 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1488 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.023 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 421AJ UT WOS:000264330000004 ER PT J AU Fontaine, JB Donato, DC Robinson, WD Law, BE Kauffman, JB AF Fontaine, Joseph B. Donato, Daniel C. Robinson, W. Douglas Law, Beverly E. Kauffman, J. Boone TI Bird communities following high-severity fire: Response to single and repeat fires in a mixed-evergreen forest, Oregon, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biscuit Fire; Reburn; Mediterranean; Mixed severity; Klamath-Siskiyou; Avian ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; POSTFIRE SUCCESSION; SHORT INTERVAL; SIERRA-NEVADA; BURN SEVERITY; WILDFIRE; VEGETATION; ECOLOGY; HETEROGENEITY; ASSEMBLAGES AB Fire is a widespread natural disturbance agent in most conifer-dominated forests. In light of climate change and the effects of fire exclusion, single and repeated high-severity (stand-replacement) fires have become prominent land management issues. We studied bird communities using point counting in the Klamath-Siskiyou ecoregion of Oregon, USA at various points in time after one or two high-severity fires. Time points included 2 and 3 years after a single fire, 17 and 18 years after a single fire, 2 and 3 years after a repeat fire (15 year interval between fires), and >100 years since stand-replacement fire (mature/old-growth forest). Avian species richness did not differ significantly among habitats. Bird density was highest 17 and 18 years after fire, lowest 2 years after fire, and intermediate in repeat burns and unburned forest. Bird community composition varied significantly with habitat type (A = 0.24, P < 0.0001) with two distinct gradients in species composition relating to tree structure (live to dead) and shrub stature. Using indicator species analysis, repeat burns were characterized by shrub-nesting and ground-foraging bird species while unburned mature forests were characterized by conifer-nesting and foliage-gleaning species. Bird density was not related to snag basal area but was positively related to shrub height. Contrary to expectations, repeated high-severity fire did not reduce species richness, and bird densities were greater in repeat burns than in once-burned habitats. Broad-leaved hardwoods and shrubs appear to play a major role in structuring avian communities in the Klamath-Siskiyou region. In light of these results, extended periods of early seral broadleaf dominance and short-interval high-severity fires may be important to the conservation of avian biodiversity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fontaine, Joseph B.; Robinson, W. Douglas] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Donato, Daniel C.; Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kauffman, J. Boone] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Fontaine, JB (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. EM j.fontaine@murdoch.edu.au; dan.donato@oregonstate.edu; douglas.robinson@oregonstate.edu; bev.law@oregonstate.edu; boonekauffman@fs.fed.us RI Fontaine, Joseph/M-9186-2013; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-6515-7864; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [03-1-4-11]; Department of Energy [DF-FG02-04ER63917]; Oregon State University; Bureau of Land Management; Siskiyou National Forest FX We are grateful for dedicated help collecting field data from D. Bradley, C. Eldridge, and S. Lantz. Comments from Alix Gitelman, Patricia Kennedy, Doug Maguire, David Pyke, Nat Seavy, and anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This work was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (03-1-4-11) and Department of Energy (DF-FG02-04ER63917) as well as logistical support from Oregon State University, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Siskiyou National Forest. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 10 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 6 BP 1496 EP 1504 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.030 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 421AJ UT WOS:000264330000006 ER PT J AU Lorenz, AJ Anex, RP Isci, A Coors, JG de Leon, N Weimer, PJ AF Lorenz, Aaron J. Anex, Rob P. Isci, Asli Coors, James G. de Leon, Natalia Weimer, Paul J. TI Forage quality and composition measurements as predictors of ethanol yield from maize (Zea mays L.) stover SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; GENETIC-VARIATION; CORN STOVER; BIOMASS; PRETREATMENT; SORGHUM; TRAITS; SILAGE AB Background: Improvement of biofeedstock quality for cellulosic ethanol production will be facilitated by inexpensive and rapid methods of evaluation, such as those already employed in the field of ruminant nutrition. Our objective was to evaluate whether forage quality and compositional measurements could be used to estimate ethanol yield of maize stover as measured by a simplified pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation assay. Twelve maize varieties selected to be diverse for stover digestibility and composition were evaluated. Results: Variation in ethanol yield was driven by glucan convertibility rather than by glucan content. Convertibility was highly correlated with ruminal digestibility and lignin content. There was no relationship between structural carbohydrate content (glucan and neutral detergent fiber) and ethanol yield. However, when these variables were included in multiple regression equations including convertibility or neutral detergent fiber digestibility, their partial regression coefficients were significant and positive. A regression model including both neutral detergent fiber and its ruminal digestibility explained 95% of the variation in ethanol yield. Conclusion: Forage quality and composition measurements may be used to predict cellulosic ethanol yield to guide biofeedstock improvement through agronomic research and plant breeding. C1 [Lorenz, Aaron J.; Coors, James G.; de Leon, Natalia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Anex, Rob P.; Isci, Asli] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Weimer, Paul J.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lorenz, AJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM alorenz@wisc.edu; rpanex@iastate.edu; asliisci@gmail.com; jgcoors@wisc.edu; ndeleongatti@wisc.edu; paul.weimer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; DOE [144-144NR81] FX We thank Dr. Edward Wolfrum, Dr. Bonnie Hames, and Amie Sluiter (National Bioenergy Center at NREL) for providing NIRS predictions for glucan and lignin concentration. This work was supported by the USDA and DOE grant Integrated Feedstock Supply Systems for Corn Stover Biomass (grant no. 144-144NR81). NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 2 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-2-5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 522OG UT WOS:000272007000001 PM 19272154 ER PT J AU Wheeler, RW Davies, RL Dalsgaard, I Garcia, J Welch, TJ Wagley, S Bateman, KS Verner-Jeffreys, DW AF Wheeler, Richard W. Davies, Robert L. Dalsgaard, Inger Garcia, Jose Welch, Timothy J. Wagley, Sariqa Bateman, Kelly S. Verner-Jeffreys, David W. TI Yersinia ruckeri biotype 2 isolates from mainland Europe and the UK likely represent different clonal groups SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Yersinia ruckeri; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; PFGE; Enteric redmouth disease; ERM; Biotype; Emerging strain ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; VACCINATION; DIVERSITY; DISEASE; SEROTYPES; VIRULENCE; RECOVERY; WALBAUM AB There have been increased reports of outbreaks of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) caused by Yersinia ruckeri in previously vaccinated salmonids in Europe, with some of these outbreaks being attributed to emergent non-motile, Tween 80-negative, biotype 2 isolates. To gain information about their likely origins and relationships, a geographically and temporally diverse collection of isolates were characterised by serotyping, biotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and outer membrane protein (OMP) profiling. A total of 44 pulsotypes were identified from 160 isolates by PFGE, using the restriction enzyme NotI. Serotype O1 isolates responsible for ERM in rainbow trout in both the US and Europe, and including biotype 2 isolates, represented a distinct subgroup of similar pulsotypes. Biotype 2 isolates, responsible for outbreaks of the disease in rainbow trout in the UK, Denmark and Spain, had different pulsotypes, suggesting that they represented different clones that may have emerged separately. Danish biotype 2 isolates recovered since 1995 were indistinguishable by PFGE from the dominant biotype 1 clone responsible for the majority of outbreaks in Denmark and the rest of mainland Europe. In contrast, US biotype 2 isolate YRNC10 had an identical pulsotype and OMP profile to UK biotype 2 isolates, suggesting that there had been exchange of these isolates between the UK and the US in the past. UK Atlantic salmon isolates were genetically and serologically diverse, with 12 distinct pulsotypes identified among 32 isolates. C1 [Wheeler, Richard W.; Wagley, Sariqa; Bateman, Kelly S.; Verner-Jeffreys, David W.] Cefas Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Wheeler, Richard W.; Davies, Robert L.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow Biomed Res Ctr, Div Infect & Immun, Glasgow G12 8TA, Lanark, Scotland. [Dalsgaard, Inger] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Fish Dis Lab, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Garcia, Jose] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Welch, Timothy J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Verner-Jeffreys, DW (reprint author), Cefas Weymouth Lab, Barrack Rd, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM david.verner-jeffres@cefas.co.uk OI Bateman, Kelly/0000-0002-9124-2333 FU UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [FC1178, FC1172] FX We thank D. Austin (Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland), T. Laidler (Marine Harvest, Lochailort, Scotland), T. Wallis (Ridgeways Biologicals), S. Tops (Schering Plough Animal Health) and C. Michel (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France) for the generous provision of isolates that were used in the study. E. Roberts and K. Clarke provided valuable technical assistance. The work was funded by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) through Project FC1178 and through a placement year studentship (FC1172) to R.W.W. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 84 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.3354/dao02039 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 427QU UT WOS:000264794600004 PM 19419004 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Wells, A Casey, P Kaplan, RM AF Burke, J. M. Wells, A. Casey, P. Kaplan, R. M. TI Herbal dewormer fails to control gastrointestinal nematodes in goats SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Goats; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Herbal dewormer ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; RESISTANCE; PARASITISM; AGENTS; SATIVA; PLANTS; LAMBS; SHEEP AB Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism is the most important disease of small ruminants. Control is usually based on the use of chemical anthelmintics (dewormers); but these are prohibited from use in organic livestock, and the effectiveness of chemical anthelmintics in conventional operations is limited by high levels of anthelmintic resistance. Consequently, herbal dewormers are increasing in popularity as an alternative to chemical dewormers for GIN control. However, the effectiveness of herbal dewormers remains unproven. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a commercially available herbal dewormer to control GIN in goats. Lactating (n = 16) and young (n = 8) dairy goats grazed poor quality mixed grass pastures between March and July 2006 at the Heifer International Ranch in Perryville, AR. Goats were supplemented with grass hay and concentrate. Goats were untreated or administered herbal dewormer (n = 12/treatment) according to manufacturer recommendations. FAMACHA scores (1 = red or healthy; 5 = severely anemic) were determined and fecal samples collected for fecal egg count (FEC) determination every 14 days between Days 0 (day of first herbal treatment) and 112. FAMACHA scores in the herbal treated group were greater than in the untreated control group (P < 0.005), indicating a higher level of anemia. FEC were greater for herbal treated goats on Pasture A compared with B by Day 42, but similar among groups thereafter. FEC (P < 0.03) and FAMACHA scores (P < 0.001) were greater in lactating than in non-lactating goats. Herbal dewormer treatment yielded no measurable health benefits indicating that the herbal dewormer failed to control GIN in these goats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Wells, A.; Casey, P.] Heifer Int, Heifer Ranch, Perryville, AR USA. [Kaplan, R. M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program [OS07-039] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 168 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.080 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 419HF UT WOS:000264209500023 PM 19046810 ER PT J AU Stern, AJ Doraiswamy, PC Akhmedov, B AF Stern, Alan J. Doraiswamy, Paul C. Akhmedov, Bakhyt TI Techniques for developing land-use classification using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer imagery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Classification; MODIS; Land-use ID COVER CLASSIFICATION; MODIS; VEGETATION AB Using NOAA AVHRR or MODIS imagery to create land-use classifications has been attempted for many years. Unfortunately, most of these classifications do not differentiate crop types. Crop models require that vegetation characteristics extracted from an image be the correct crop type. This study compares four techniques to create land-use classifications using MODIS data. These classifications were compared to the ground data that had been set aside, to a mask where each MODIS sized pixel were at least 80% of a single land-used based on a Landsat TM classification for the same year, and to the Landsat TM classification. Using a decision tree method and comparing the classification to an 80% mask resulted in an accuracy of 73% which was the highest accuracy obtained in this study. The study showed that accuracies could range from 37% to 73% depending on the classification process and if segment data, an 80% mask, or a Landsat TM classification were used for accuracy assessment. C1 [Stern, Alan J.; Doraiswamy, Paul C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Akhmedov, Bakhyt] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Stern, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Alan.J.Stern@ars.usda.gov; Paul.Doraiswamy@ars.usda.gov; Bakhyt.Akhmedov@ars.usda.gov FU NASS/Geospatial Information Branch FX This research was partially funded by the NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033517 DI 10.1117/1.3106716 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520SS UT WOS:000271868900002 ER PT J AU Fu, DL Uauy, C Distelfeld, A Blechl, A Epstein, L Chen, XM Sela, HA Fahima, T Dubcovsky, J AF Fu, Daolin Uauy, Cristobal Distelfeld, Assaf Blechl, Ann Epstein, Lynn Chen, Xianming Sela, Hanan Fahima, Tzion Dubcovsky, Jorge TI A Kinase-START Gene Confers Temperature-Dependent Resistance to Wheat Stripe Rust SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN AB Stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease that afflicts wheat in many regions of the world. New races of Puccinia striiformis, the pathogen responsible for this disease, have overcome most of the known race-specific resistance genes. We report the map-based cloning of the gene Yr36 (WKS1), which confers resistance to a broad spectrum of stripe rust races at relatively high temperatures (25 degrees to 35 degrees C). This gene includes a kinase and a putative START lipid-binding domain. Five independent mutations and transgenic complementation confirmed that both domains are necessary to confer resistance. Yr36 is present in wild wheat but is absent in modern pasta and bread wheat varieties, and therefore it can now be used to improve resistance to stripe rust in a broad set of varieties. C1 [Fu, Daolin; Uauy, Cristobal; Distelfeld, Assaf; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Distelfeld, Assaf; Sela, Hanan; Fahima, Tzion] Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Blechl, Ann] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Epstein, Lynn] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Uauy, Cristobal/B-3879-2011; Epstein, Lynn/F-1251-2013; Uauy, Cristobal/B-7912-2014; Distelfeld, Assaf/D-4951-2014; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Uauy, Cristobal/0000-0002-9814-1770; Distelfeld, Assaf/0000-0003-1777-3053; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU USDA-CSREES [2005-00975, 2006-55606-16629]; U.S. and Israel BARD Fund [US-4024-07] FX Supported by USDA-CSREES grants 2005-00975 and 2006-55606-16629 and by U.S. and Israel BARD Fund grant US-4024-07. We thank C. Li, F. Paraiso, L. Penman, K. L. Richardson, S. Bassein, M.R. Paddy, Q. Lam, and M. Jindal for technical assistance and R. Thilmony and M. Whalen for critical reading of the manuscript. Gene sequences have been deposited in GenBank with accession numbers EU835198-EU835200, FJ154103-FJ154118, and FJ155069-FJ155070. NR 17 TC 227 Z9 256 U1 9 U2 99 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5919 BP 1357 EP 1360 DI 10.1126/science.1166289 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 414PC UT WOS:000263876700046 PM 19228999 ER PT J AU Chen, GJ Ning, XG Park, B Boons, GJ Xu, BQ AF Chen, Guojun Ning, Xinghai Park, Bosoon Boons, Geert-Jan Xu, Bingqian TI Simple, Clickable Protocol for Atomic Force Microscopy Tip Modification and Its Application for Trace Ricin Detection by Recognition Imaging SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SINGLE; CHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; BIOMOLECULES; IMMUNOASSAY; PROTEINS; BIOLOGY; SURFACE AB A simple two-step protocol for modification of atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and substrate by using a "click reaction" has been developed. The modified tip and substrate would be applied to detect trace amounts of ricin by using atomic force microscopy. A key feature of the approach is the use of a PEG (polyethylene glycol) derivative functionalized with one thiol and one azide ending group. One end of the PEG was attached to the gold-coated AFM rip by a strong Au-thiol bond. The azide group hanging at the other end of the immobilized PEG was used for the attachment of an antiricin antibody modified with an alkyne group using a "click reaction". The latter reaction is highly efficient, compatible with the presence of many functional groups and could proceed under mild reaction conditions. In a separate step, ricin was immobilized on the gold substrate surface that was modified by active esters. For this process, a novel bifunctional reagent was employed containing an active ester and a thioctic acid moiety. By these modification processes, AFM recognition imaging was used to detect the toxin molecules and the results show fg/mL detection sensitivity, surpassing the existing detection techniques. With measurement of the unbinding force between the antiricin antibody and ricin, which was statistically determined to be 64.89 +/- 1.67 pN, the single molecular specificity of this sensing technique is realized. C1 [Ning, Xinghai; Boons, Geert-Jan] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chen, Guojun; Xu, Bingqian] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chen, Guojun; Xu, Bingqian] Univ Georgia, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Park, Bosoon] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Boons, GJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 220 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gjboons@ccrc.uga.edu; bxu@engr.uga.edu RI Ning, Xinghai/E-8040-2012; Boons, Geert-Jan/J-3211-2016 OI Boons, Geert-Jan/0000-0003-3111-5954 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0823849]; Research Resource Center for Biomedical Complex Carbohydrates [P41-RR-5351] FX We thank Dr. Anna Jagielska for helpful discussions. Bingqian Xu acknowledges the University of Georgia UGARF faculty research fund and the National Science Foundation (ECCS-0823849) for financial support. Geert-Jan Boons acknowledges support by the Research Resource Center for Biomedical Complex Carbohydrates (P41-RR-5351). NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 2860 EP 2864 DI 10.1021/la803523b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 413CP UT WOS:000263770800049 PM 19437761 ER PT J AU Kijas, JW Townley, D Dalrymple, BP Heaton, MP Maddox, JF McGrath, A Wilson, P Ingersoll, RG McCulloch, R McWilliam, S Tang, D McEwan, J Cockett, N Oddy, VH Nicholas, FW Raadsma, H AF Kijas, James W. Townley, David Dalrymple, Brian P. Heaton, Michael P. Maddox, Jillian F. McGrath, Annette Wilson, Peter Ingersoll, Roxann G. McCulloch, Russell McWilliam, Sean Tang, Dave McEwan, John Cockett, Noelle Oddy, V. Hutton Nicholas, Frank W. Raadsma, Herman CA International Sheep Genomics Conso TI A Genome Wide Survey of SNP Variation Reveals the Genetic Structure of Sheep Breeds SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The genetic structure of sheep reflects their domestication and subsequent formation into discrete breeds. Understanding genetic structure is essential for achieving genetic improvement through genome-wide association studies, genomic selection and the dissection of quantitative traits. After identifying the first genome-wide set of SNP for sheep, we report on levels of genetic variability both within and between a diverse sample of ovine populations. Then, using cluster analysis and the partitioning of genetic variation, we demonstrate sheep are characterised by weak phylogeographic structure, overlapping genetic similarity and generally low differentiation which is consistent with their short evolutionary history. The degree of population substructure was, however, sufficient to cluster individuals based on geographic origin and known breed history. Specifically, African and Asian populations clustered separately from breeds of European origin sampled from Australia, New Zealand, Europe and North America. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of stratification within some, but not all, ovine breeds. The results emphasize that careful documentation of genetic structure will be an essential prerequisite when mapping the genetic basis of complex traits. Furthermore, the identification of a subset of SNP able to assign individuals into broad groupings demonstrates even a small panel of markers may be suitable for applications such as traceability. C1 [Kijas, James W.; Townley, David; Dalrymple, Brian P.; McCulloch, Russell; McWilliam, Sean; Tang, Dave] CSIRO Livestock Ind, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Heaton, Michael P.] USDA, ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Maddox, Jillian F.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [McGrath, Annette; Wilson, Peter] Australian Genome Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Ingersoll, Roxann G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McEwan, John] Invermay Agr Ctr, AgResearch, Mosgie, New Zealand. [Cockett, Noelle] Utah State Univ, Coll Agr, ADVS Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Oddy, V. Hutton] Univ New England, Sch Meat Sci, Armidale, NSW, Australia. [Nicholas, Frank W.; Raadsma, Herman] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Kijas, JW (reprint author), CSIRO Livestock Ind, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM James.Kijas@csiro.au RI Dalrymple, Brian/F-8721-2010; Kijas, James/A-4656-2011; McWilliam, Sean/H-8978-2013; Simianer, Henner/A-6574-2015; McEwan, John/A-1143-2008; OI Dalrymple, Brian/0000-0003-3891-5233; Kijas, James/0000-0002-1417-8278; Simianer, Henner/0000-0002-7551-3797; McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207; Nicholas, Frank/0000-0002-9178-3965; McGrath, Annette/0000-0002-1765-7039 FU Australian Government [International Science Linkage grant]; sheepGENOMICS; Meat and Livestock Australia; Australian Wool Innovation; National Key Technology R&D Program [2007BAD52B05]; USDA Agricultural Research Service; Alliance for Animal Genome Research; USDA/CSREES FX The work was supported by an Australian Government International Science Linkage grant, sheepGENOMICS, a joint initiative of Meat and Livestock Australia and Australian Wool Innovation, the National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th "Five-Year" Plan in China (2007BAD52B05), the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the Alliance for Animal Genome Research. Funding for the BAC end sequencing was provided by USDA/CSREES. The funders had no role in study design, data collection or analysis. sheepGENOMICS approved the contents of the manuscript prior to publication. NR 59 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 AR e4668 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004668 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437LX UT WOS:000265490100001 PM 19270757 ER PT J AU Leakey, ADB Xu, F Gillespie, KM McGrath, JM Ainsworth, EA Ort, DR AF Leakey, Andrew D. B. Xu, Fangxiu Gillespie, Kelly M. McGrath, Justin M. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Ort, Donald R. TI Genomic basis for stimulated respiration by plants growing under elevated carbon dioxide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; elevated CO(2); free air CO(2) enrichment; metabolic; soybean ID CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GENE-EXPRESSION; CROP YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; FUTURE; FIELD; PRODUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS AB Photosynthetic and respiratory exchanges of CO(2) by plants with the atmosphere are significantly larger than anthropogenic CO(2) emissions, and these fluxes will change as growing conditions are altered by climate change. Understanding feedbacks in CO(2) exchange is important to predicting future atmospheric [CO(2)] and climate change. At the tissue and plant scale, respiration is a key determinant of growth and yield. Although the stimulation of C(3) photosynthesis by growth at elevated [CO(2)] can be predicted with confidence, the nature of changes in respiration is less certain. This is largely because the mechanism of the respiratory response is insufficiently understood. Molecular, biochemical and physiological changes in the carbon metabolism of soybean in a free-air CO(2) enrichment experiment were investigated over 2 growing seasons. Growth of soybean at elevated [CO(2)] (550 mu mol.mol(-1)) under field conditions stimulated the rate of nighttime respiration by 37%. Greater respiratory capacity was driven by greater abundance of transcripts encoding enzymes throughout the respiratory pathway, which would be needed for the greater number of mitochondria that have been observed in the leaves of plants grown at elevated [CO(2)]. Greater respiratory quotient and leaf carbohydrate content at elevated [CO(2)] indicate that stimulated respiration was supported by the additional carbohydrate available from enhanced photosynthesis at elevated [CO(2)]. If this response is consistent across many species, the future stimulation of net primary productivity could be reduced significantly. Greater foliar respiration at elevated [CO(2)] will reduce plant carbon balance, but could facilitate greater yields through enhanced photoassimilate export to sink tissues. C1 [Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Xu, Fangxiu; Gillespie, Kelly M.; McGrath, Justin M.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Xu, Fangxiu; Gillespie, Kelly M.; McGrath, Justin M.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Ort, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Leakey, ADB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM leakey@illinois.edu RI Gillespie, Kelly/A-9096-2010; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 38 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 54 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 9 BP 3597 EP 3602 DI 10.1073/pnas.0810955106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 414DM UT WOS:000263844100109 PM 19204289 ER PT J AU Benny, PD Fugate, GA Morley, JE Twamley, B Trabue, S AF Benny, Paul D. Fugate, Glenn A. Morley, Jennifer E. Twamley, Brendan Trabue, Steven TI Synthesis and characterization of 2,5-bis(benzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole complexes with fac-ReBr3(CO)(3)(2-) SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Rhenium; Carbonyl; Organometallic; Thiadiazole ID DINUCLEAR COPPER(II) COMPLEXES; X-RAY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; LIGANDS; DERIVATIVES; RHENIUM(I); BRIDGE; ORGANODISULFIDES; BIOMOLECULES AB Reactions of 2,5-bis(benzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (1) with a common organometallic rhenium starting material [NEt4](2)[fac-[Re(I)Br-3(CO)(3)] yielded two distinct types of complexes. Both complexes coordinate only through the nitrogen of the thiadiazole ring. Reaction of 1 with the rhenium starting material alone yielded a bimetallic complex fac-(di-mu-bromo)(mu-2,5-bis(benzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-kappa N:kappa'N)bis(tri-carbonyl rhenium (I)) (2). The nitrogens of the thiadiazole ring of 1 each coordinate to a different rhenium center combined with two bridging bromide ligands in 2. A "2+1" complex was prepared in a two step process by reacting the rhenium starting material with picolinic acid followed by 1 to yield fac-Re(I)(2,5-bis(benzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole)(CO)(3)(picolinate) (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were characterized by NMR, IR, UV, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Benny, Paul D.; Fugate, Glenn A.; Morley, Jennifer E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Twamley, Brendan] Univ Idaho, Univ Res Off, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Trabue, Steven] USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Benny, PD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, 100 Dairy Rd,POB 644630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bennyp@wsu.edu RI morley, john/F-9177-2011; Fugate, Glenn/A-1622-2013; Fugate, Glenn/O-9752-2016; OI morley, john/0000-0001-6444-2965; Fugate, Glenn/0000-0001-7100-690X; Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 FU Department of Defense New Investigator Award Prostate Cancer [W81XWH0510556]; Department of Energy Radiochemistry Education [DEFG20705ID14692IDNE006]; Washington State University; M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust; NSF-EPSCoR FX The work was funded by Department of Defense New Investigator Award Prostate Cancer (Grant # W81XWH0510556), Department of Energy Radiochemistry Education Award Program (Grant # DEFG20705ID14692IDNE006) and the Washington State University Start Up fund. Funding for the X-ray facility at UI was provided by the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust and NSF-EPSCoR. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAR 2 PY 2009 VL 362 IS 4 BP 1289 EP 1294 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2008.06.018 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 406VE UT WOS:000263322200038 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Lenssen, AW Caesar-TonThat, T Evans, RG AF Sainju, Upendra M. Lenssen, Andrew W. Caesar-TonThat, Thecan Evans, Robert G. TI Dryland Crop Yields and Soil Organic Matter as Influenced by Long-Term Tillage and Cropping Sequence SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SPRING WHEAT; WATER-USE; SEMIARID MONTANA; WINTER-WHEAT; NITROGEN; SYSTEM; CARBON; ROTATION; FALLOW AB Novel management practices are needed to improve the declining dryland crop yields and soil organic matter contents using conventional farming practices in the northern Great Plains. We evaluated the 21-yr effect of tillage and cropping sequence on dryland grain and biomass (stems + leaves) yields of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soil organic matter at the 0- to 20-cm depth in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were no-tilled continuous springwheat (NTCW), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat-barley (1984-1999) followed by spring wheat-pea (2000-2004) (FSTW-B/P), and the conventional spring-tilled spring wheat-fallow (STW-F). Spring wheat grain and biomass yields increased with crop growing season precipitation (GSP) and were greater in STW-F than in FSTCW and FSTW-B/P when GSP was <250 mm. Although mean grain and biomass yields were greater, annualized yields were lower in STW-F than in other treatments. In FSTW-B/P, barley and pea grain and biomass yields also increased with increased GSP. Soil organic C and total N were lower in STW-F than in other treatments and linearly related (R(2) = 0.64 to 0.78) with total annualized biomass residue returned to the soil from 1984 to 2004. Alternate-year summer fallowing increased spring wheat grain and biomass yields compared with annual cropping but reduced annualized yields and soil organic matter. For sustaining dryland crop yields and soil organic matter, no-tillage with annual cropping system can be adopted in the northern Great Plains. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Lenssen, Andrew W.; Caesar-TonThat, Thecan; Evans, Robert G.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0080x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 450AW UT WOS:000266374400001 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Varvel, GE Kimble, JM Vogel, KP AF Follett, Ronald F. Varvel, Gary E. Kimble, John M. Vogel, Kenneth P. TI No-Till Corn after Bromegrass: Effect on Soil Carbon and Soil Aggregates SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BARLEY PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; GREAT-PLAINS; SEQUESTRATION; STABILITY; TURNOVER; NITROGEN; RESIDUE; AGROECOSYSTEMS; AGRICULTURE AB Grasslands in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the USA may be converted to grain crops for bioenergy. The effect of no-till conversion of a smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) grassland to no-till corn (Zea mays L.) production on soil organic carbon (SOC) in the western Corn Belt was monitored for over 6 yr. A different (13)C/(12)C isotope signature is imparted to SOC by C4 plants including corn versus C3 plants such as bromegrass. Changes in C isotope ratios in SOC in three soil depths (0- to 5-, 5-10, and 10-30 cm) by particle size was also monitored during similar to 6.5 yr of no-till corn production at two different N levels (60 and 120 kg ha(-1)). Soil was collected eight times during the study from the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm depths, and at four of these times from the 10- to 30-cm depth from each of the N rate replicates. Because fertilizer N had no significant effect over years on any of the aboveground biomass production variables, the data from both N treatments was combined for regression analysis to determine the effects of years of no-till corn production on SOC variables. Total SOC did not change significantly at any depth during the study, but there was a significant change in the source of the SOC. Total C4-C increased over this time, while C3-C decreased in the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm depth, while neither changed in the 10- to 30-cm depth. In the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm depths, largest loss of C3-C was from 2-mm aggregates, while largest increases in C4-C were in the 1-, 0.5-, 0.25-, and 0.125-mm aggregates. If CRP grasslands are converted to grain crop production, the data from this study strongly support the use of no-till farming practices as a method of conserving the SOC that was sequestered during the time period that the land was in the CRP. C1 [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, NRRC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Varvel, Gary E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vogel, Kenneth P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kimble, John M.] NRCS, Addison, NY 14801 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, NRRC, Bldg D,Ste 100,2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ronald.follett@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; REAP Cross Location Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the important contributions of Mr. Edward Buenger and Ms. Elizabeth Pruessner, and Jedd Carrol, Genevieve Holzapfel, and other student employees in the Soil-PlantNutrient Research Unit of USDA/ARS, the important assistance provided by the National Soil Survey Laboratory of USDA/NRCS, and field assistance and coordination with NRCS by Mr. Steve Scheinost, Asst. State Soil Scientist for USDA/NRCS in Nebraska. This study is supported by USDA-ARS funding and addresses objectives of the GRACEnet and the REAP Cross Location Research projects. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0107 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 450AW UT WOS:000266374400003 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Reicosky, DC AF Archer, David W. Reicosky, Donald C. TI Economic Performance of Alternative Tillage Systems in the Northern Corn Belt SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; NO-TILLAGE; SOYBEAN PRODUCTION; STRIP TILLAGE; CROP YIELD; ROTATION; NITROGEN; RISK; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER AB While no-till (NT) cropping systems can provide conservation benefits in the northern Corn Belt, adoption has been low due to concerns about potential yield reductions and economic risk. Strip-tillage (ST) systems have been proposed as an alternative that may provide many of the conservation benefits of NT while maintaining productivity and economic returns. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of NT and five ST alternatives: fall residue management (Fall RM), Fall RM + ST, spring residue management (Spring RM), Spring RM + ST, and Fall RM + Subsoil, relative to conventional moldboard plow (MP) and chisel plow (CP) tillage systems on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields and economic risks and returns. Average yields over the 7-yr study were not significantly different among tillage systems, but average net returns for NT, Fall RM, and Spring RM were $85, 92, and 53 ha(-1) higher, respectively, than for MP. Risk analysis showed tillage system preferences ranked as: Fall RM > NT > Fall RM + ST > Spring RM + ST, Spring RM > CP > Fall RM + Subsoil > MP for risk neutral or risk averse producers facing uncertain yield, crop price, and input price conditions. Thus, ST and NT may be economically viable alternatives to conventional tillage systems for corn and soybean production in the northern Corn Belt. C1 [Archer, David W.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Reicosky, Donald C.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conserv Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Archer, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459,1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM david.archer@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 296 EP 304 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0090x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 450AW UT WOS:000266374400007 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Sojka, RE AF Lentz, Rodrick D. Sojka, Robert E. TI Long-Term Polyacrylamide Formulation Effects on Soil Erosion, Water Infiltration, and Yields of Furrow-Irrigated Crops SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OFF-SITE MOVEMENT; CONTAMINANTS; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT; POLYMERS; LAND; PAM AB Two formulations of water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide (WSPAM) are used in agriculture to reduce erosion and manage infiltration in furrow irrigations, although few if any reports have compared their effectiveness. A control and two WSPAMs, a granular form and the inverse emulsion, or oil-based liquid form, were applied to irrigation water supplied to furrows formed in a silt loam soil with 1.5% slope during each irrigation from 1993 to 1999. Stock solutions prepared from the two WSPAMs in tap water were injected into furrow inflows to attain a concentration of 10 mg L(-1) only during furrow advance. During irrigations, furrow inflow and runoff rates, and runoff sediment concentrations were measured. Crop yields were measured in five of the 7 yr. Relative to controls, both WSPAM treatments reduced runoff sediment loss equally well, decreasing soil losses by 84% per irrigation, and prevented the loss of 47.8 Mg soil ha(-1) over the 7-yr period. The yearly soil loss reductions produced by WSPAMs ranged from 66 to 99%, and may reflect changes in the electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation water. Both WSPAM treatments increased the proportion of applied irrigation water that infiltrated into newly formed furrows, but the emulsion produced the greatest overall increase in water infiltration fraction. As a class, WSPAM treatments increased yields by 14.3% for bean ('Viva Pink' Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and 4.5% for silage corn (Zea mays L.), suggesting that the cost of WSPAM applications may be recoverable. While the two WSPAM formulations provide equivalent erosion protection, differences in infiltration effects, product costs, and potential environmental impacts should be considered when selecting the formulation. C1 [Lentz, Rodrick D.; Sojka, Robert E.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM rick.lentz@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0100x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 450AW UT WOS:000266374400008 ER PT J AU Massey, MS Davis, JG Ippolito, JA Sheffield, RE AF Massey, Michael S. Davis, Jessica G. Ippolito, James A. Sheffield, Ronald E. TI Effectiveness of Recovered Magnesium Phosphates as Fertilizers in Neutral and Slightly Alkaline Soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BED STRUVITE CRYSTALLIZERS; WASTE-WATER; AGRONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS; REMOVING PHOSPHORUS; ROCK; NITROGEN; CALCIUM; TERM AB Magnesium phosphates such as struvite (MgNH(4)PO(4) center dot 6H(2)O) can be recovered from municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters. However, limited information is available on the beneficial reuse of these recovered products; research has focused on low pH soils. This study determined whether recovered struvite and dittmarite (MgNH(4)PO(4) center dot H(2)O) were effective P fertilizers in neutral to slightly alkaline soils. In addition to commercially available triple superphosphate (TSP) and certified organic rock phosphate (RP), recovered struvite, dittmarite, and a heterogeneous recovered phosphate were evaluated in a laboratory dissolution study and as fertilizers for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a greenhouse study. Struvite and dittmarite were much more soluble than RP, but less soluble than TSP. Laboratory dissolution kinetics were fast, with most materials nearing equilibrium within 7 to 14d. At a soil pH of 6.5, both dittmarite and struvite increased the average plant P concentration over the control. Struvite and dittmarite performance was similar to TSP. There were no significant differences in plant dry matter (DM) production or total P uptake at pH 6.5. In the limed soil (pH 7.6), many treatments had plant P concentrations significantly lower than the control, but most fertilizers increased DM production over the control; all fertilizers generally performed similarly to one another. These findings support previous work showing recovered Mg phosphates to be effective in acidic soils, and provide evidence that they arc also effective in slightly alkaline soils. Recovered Mg phosphates could become a useful alternative for P fertilization in arid and semiarid environments. C1 [Davis, Jessica G.] Colorado State Univ, Inst Livestock & Environm, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Massey, Michael S.] Stanford Univ, Dep Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ippolito, James A.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Sheffield, Ronald E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dep Biol & Agr Engn, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Davis, JG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Inst Livestock & Environm, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jessica.Davis@colostate.edu RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0144 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 450AW UT WOS:000266374400010 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Johnson, JMF AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Johnson, Jane M. F. TI Corn Cob Characteristics in Irrigated Central Great Plains Studies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL CARBON; BIOBASED PRODUCTION; STOVER; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; EROSION; BIOMASS; CONVERSION; REMOVAL; RUNOFF AB Escalating fossil fuel cost and concern over global climate change have accelerated interest in cellulosic feedstocks, such as corn (Zea mays L.) cobs, for liquid fuel production. Little information is available about this plant organ. We compiled and summarized available cob data from several recent field studies in the Central Great Plains. Data were collected from two locations in Colorado and two in Texas that had multiple N fertilizer treatments, varying tillage systems, and different growing seasons. Cob:grain yield ratio, cob:ear ratio, cob:stover ratio, and cob N and C uptake were determined for each site. Cob yield generally increased with increasing N rate. At the high N rates, cob yield ranged from 1.44 to 2.2 Mg ha(-1). Cob:stover ratio ranged from 0.14 to 0.25 at high N fertilizer levels. The N concentration varied little among N levels at any location, varying more among locations and year, ranging from 2.52 to 5.19 g kg(-1). Nitrogen uptake at the highest N-levels ranged from 4.65 to 8.37 kg ha(-1). The relationship between final grain yield at 155 g kg(-1) water content and oven-dried cob yield was linear (r(2) = 0.75) such that cob yield increased 0.096 Mg ha(-1) for each Mg ha(-1) increase in grain yield. This study provides basic information on cob yield and quality for agronomists, and examples are discussed on how the data could be useful for determining the feasibility of harvesting corn cobs as a cellulosic feedstock. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Johnson, Jane M. F.] USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Ardell.Halvorson@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 390 EP 399 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0142x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 450AW UT WOS:000266374400019 ER PT J AU Deak, A Hall, MH Sanderson, MA AF Deak, A. Hall, M. H. Sanderson, M. A. TI Grazing Schedule Effect on Forage Production and Nutritive Value of Diverse Forage Mixtures SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; GRASS MONOCULTURES; ALFALFA MIXTURES; PASTURE; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; CHICORY; CLOVER; GROWTH AB The use of complex mixtures (mixtures of more than three species) may increase yield of pastures; however, we know little about how grazing management affects the productivity of mixtures. A grazing experiment was performed during 2005 and 2006 near State College, PA, to compare mixtures of grasses, legumes, and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) for their botanical composition, nutritive value, and forage production under two grazing schedules: when the sward reached 25 cm in height (sward height schedule, SH) or when alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) reached the bud stage (morphology or NIP schedule). The SH schedule produced 30% more dry matter (DM) than the MP schedule averaged for 2 yr. Forage yield of the five-species (6427 kg ha(-1) in 2005 and 6624 kg ha(-1) in 2006) and seven-species (6816 kg ha(-1) in 2005 and 6772 kg ha(-1) in 2006) mixtures was stable during the contrasting weather of 2005 and 2006. Grass monoculture with N and simple mixtures (two species, grass-legume) produced 989 kg ha(-1) more DM than the complex mixtures in 2006 when weather conditions were favorable. The SH schedule produced forage of better nutritive value compared with the MP schedule at first harvest in both years [20 g kg(-1) less acid detergent fiber (ADF) in 2006; 25 g kg(-1) in 2005, 53 g kg(-1) in 2006 more neutral detergent fiber (NDF); 21 g kg(-1) in 2005, 30 g kg(-1) in 2006 more crude protein (CP); and 33 g kg(-1) in 2006, 53 g kg(-1) more in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD)]. Complex mixtures of forage species provide more consistent yields of DM than binary grass-legume mixtures or grass monocultures in variable environments. C1 [Deak, A.] Monsanto Co, Corpus Christi, TX 78414 USA. [Hall, M. H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sanderson, M. A.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Deak, A (reprint author), Monsanto Co, Corpus Christi, TX 78414 USA. EM atila.deak@monsanto.com NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 408 EP 414 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0365 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 450AW UT WOS:000266374400021 ER PT J AU Roussel, AM Hininger-Favier, I Waters, RS Osman, M Fernholz, K Anderson, RA AF Roussel, Anne Marie Hininger-Favier, Isabelle Waters, Robert S. Osman, Mireille Fernholz, Karen Anderson, Richard A. TI EDTA Chelation Therapy, without Added Vitamin C, Decreases Oxidative DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation SO ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COMET ASSAY; ANTIOXIDANT; GLUTATHIONE; CELLS; DISEASE; STRESS; BLOOD; MAGNESIUM; CHROMIUM; LOSSES AB Chelation therapy is thought to not only remove contaminating metals but also to decrease free radical production. However, in standard ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation therapy, high doses of vitamin C with potential pro-oxidant effects are often added to the chelation solution. The authors demonstrated previously that the intravenous administration of the standard chelation cocktail, containing high amounts of vitamin C, resulted in an acute transitory pro-oxidant burst that should be avoided in the treatment of pathologies at risk of increased oxidative stress such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The current study was designed to determine the acute and chronic biochemical effects of chelation therapy on accepted clinical, antioxidant variables. An EDTA chelation cocktail not containing ascorbic acid was administered to six adult patients for five weeks (10 sessions of chelation therapy); antioxidant indicators were monitored. Immediately after the initial chelation session, in contrast with the data previously reported with the standard cocktail containing high doses of vitamin C, none of the oxidative stress markers were adversely modified. After five weeks, plasma peroxide levels, monitored by malondialdehyde, decreased by 20 percent, and DNA damage, monitored by formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) sensitive sites, decreased by 22 percent. Remaining antioxidant-related variables did not change. In summary, this study demonstrates that multiple sessions of EDTA chelation therapy in combination with vitamins and minerals, but without added ascorbic acid, decreases oxidative stress. These results should be beneficial in the treatment of diseases associated with increased oxidative stress such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. C1 [Roussel, Anne Marie] Univ Grenoble 1, LBFA, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Waters, Robert S.; Fernholz, Karen] Waters Prevent Med Ctr, Wisconsin Dells, WI USA. [Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Roussel, AM (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, LBFA, F-38041 Grenoble, France. EM anne-marie.roussel@ujf-grenoble.fr NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU THORNE RESEARCH, INC PI DOVER PA PO BOX 25, DOVER, ID 83825 USA SN 1089-5159 J9 ALTERN MED REV JI Altern. Med. Rev. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 PG 6 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 436OK UT WOS:000265423500005 PM 19364193 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE Nathewet, P Yanagi, T AF Hummer, Kim E. Nathewet, Preeda Yanagi, Tomohiro TI DECAPLOIDY IN FRAGARIA ITURUPENSIS (ROSACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE chromosome number; flow cytometry; Fragaria; karyotype; ploidy; Rosaceae; strawberry ID VESCA HYBRIDS AB The strawberry genus, Fragaria (Rosaceae), has a base chromosome number of x = 7. Cultivated strawberries (F. xananassa nothosubsp. ananassa) are octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) and first hybridized from F. chiloensis subsp. chiloensis forma chiloensis x F virginiana subsp. virginiana. Europe has no known native octoploid species, and only one Asian octoploid species has been reported: F. iturupensis, from Iturup Island. Our objective was to examine the chromosomes of F. iturupensis. Ploidy levels of wild strawberry species, include diploid (2n = 2x = 14), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28), pentaploid (2n = 5x = 35), hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42), octoploid (2n = 8x = 56), and nonaploid (2n = 9x = 63). Artificial triploid (2n = 3x = 21), tetraploid, pentaploid, octoploid, decaploid (2n = 10x = 70), 16-ploid, and 32-ploid plants have been constructed and cultivated. Surprisingly, chromosome counts and flow cytometry revealed that F. iturupensis includes natural decaploid genotypes with 2n = 10x = 70 chromosomes, This report is the first of a naturally occurring decaploid strawberry species. Further research on F iturupensis and exploration on northern Pacific islands is warranted to ascertain the phylogeny and development of American octoploid species. C1 [Hummer, Kim E.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Gerniplasin Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Nathewet, Preeda; Yanagi, Tomohiro] Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, Miki, Kagawa 7610795, Japan. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS Natl Clonal Gerniplasin Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kimi-hummer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS [CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D] FX The authors thank Dr. A. Sabitov, Senior Research Scientist, FEES, Vavilov Research Institute, Vladivostok, Russia, who provided samples of F. iturupensis, and Dr. T. Davis and Dr. K. Folta for critical review of the manuscript. They also appreciate discussions with Dr. G. Staudt and Dr. K. Olbricht. The authors thank USDA ARS (CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D) for financial support. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 96 IS 3 BP 713 EP 716 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800285 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 417EJ UT WOS:000264059000015 PM 21628226 ER PT J AU Yetley, EA Brule, D Cheney, MC Davis, CD Esslinger, KA Fischer, PWF Friedl, KE Greene-Finestone, LS Guenther, PM Klurfeld, DM L'Abbe, MR McMurry, KY Starke-Reed, PE Trumbo, PR AF Yetley, Elizabeth A. Brule, Danielle Cheney, Margaret C. Davis, Cindy D. Esslinger, Krista A. Fischer, Peter W. F. Friedl, Karl E. Greene-Finestone, Linda S. Guenther, Patricia M. Klurfeld, David M. L'Abbe, Mary R. McMurry, Kathryn Y. Starke-Reed, Pamela E. Trumbo, Paula R. TI Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin D: justification for a review of the 1997 values SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CURRENT DILEMMAS; RESEARCH NEEDS; HEALTH; CANCER AB Recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) reviews of the process for deriving Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) suggest that determining the need for a new nutrient review should be evaluated against criteria set a priori. After selecting the criterion of significant new and relevant research, a working group of US and Canadian government scientists used results from a systematic review and 2 conferences on vitamin D and health to evaluate whether significant new and relevant scientific evidence had become available since the 1997 IOM publication of the DRIs for vitamin D. This working group concluded that there appears to be new research meeting the criteria for 4 key DRI questions. The new research is of larger quantity and quality for the elderly than for other groups, but overall 1) adds to the bone-related and status evidence available to the 1997 DRI Committee for several of the life-stage groups, 2) identifies new outcomes with respect to risk of falls and performance measures in the elderly and potential adverse effects, and 3) provides additional information on dose-response relations between intakes and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and several health outcomes (ie, bone-related outcomes for all ages and risk of falls and performance measures in older adults). Members of the working group concluded that significant new and relevant research was available for reviewing the existing DRIs for vitamin D while leaving the decision of whether the new research will result in changes to the current DRIs to a future IOM-convened DRI committee. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 719-27. C1 [Yetley, Elizabeth A.] Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Klurfeld, David M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Guenther, Patricia M.] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Friedl, Karl E.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Fischer, Peter W. F.; L'Abbe, Mary R.] Hlth Canada, Bur Nutr Sci, Food Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Brule, Danielle; Cheney, Margaret C.; Esslinger, Krista A.] Hlth Canada, Off Nutr Policy & Promot, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Trumbo, Paula R.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Starke-Reed, Pamela E.] NIH, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Davis, Cindy D.] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McMurry, Kathryn Y.] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Washington, DC USA. [Greene-Finestone, Linda S.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Yetley, EA (reprint author), Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd,Room 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM beth@yetley.com OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 3 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26903 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 410IS UT WOS:000263571300001 PM 19176741 ER PT J AU Russell, R Chung, M Balk, EM Atkinson, S Giovannucci, EL Ip, S Lichtenstein, AH Mayne, ST Raman, G Ross, AC Trikalinos, TA West, KP Lau, J AF Russell, Robert Chung, Mei Balk, Ethan M. Atkinson, Stephanie Giovannucci, Edward L. Ip, Stanley Lichtenstein, Alice H. Mayne, Susan Taylor Raman, Gowri Ross, A. Catharine Trikalinos, Thomas A. West, Keith P., Jr. Lau, Joseph TI Opportunities and challenges in conducting systematic reviews to support the development of nutrient reference values: vitamin A as an example SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB Nutrient reference values have significant public health and policy implications. Given the importance of defining reliable nutrient reference values, there is a need for an explicit, objective, and transparent process to set these values. The Tufts Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center assembled a group of nutrition experts from academic institutions and federal government agencies, led participants in discussions, conducted exercises in formulating questions and evidence review criteria that would be amenable to systematic reviews of the scientific literature, performed a literature search on the questions to identify potentially relevant publications, and identified challenges and limitations of applying this method to support the development of nutrient reference values using vitamin A as an example. The workgroup concluded that the systematic review approach could be productively used to inform the development of reference values. Challenges identified in this exercise include prioritizing and defining research questions when the volume of literature is large, relying on intermediate (surrogate) outcomes when few or no studies directly linking nutrient intake with clinical outcomes are available, and determining reliable nutrient biomarkers. Ultimately, an objective, unbiased systematic review of a defined question could be useful, not only in helping to set nutrient reference values, but also for increasing the transparency of the decision making process. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 728-33. C1 [Lau, Joseph] Tufts Med Ctr, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Russell, Robert; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Russell, Robert] Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Chung, Mei; Balk, Ethan M.; Ip, Stanley; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Raman, Gowri; Trikalinos, Thomas A.; Lau, Joseph] Tufts Med Ctr, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Atkinson, Stephanie] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Giovannucci, Edward L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Giovannucci, Edward L.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mayne, Susan Taylor] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. [Ross, A. Catharine] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [West, Keith P., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lau, J (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Box 63,800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jlau1@tuftsmedicalcenter.org FU PHS HHS [290-020-0022] NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 3 BP 728 EP 733 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27154 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 410IS UT WOS:000263571300002 PM 19176732 ER PT J AU Park, SK Tucker, KL O'Neill, MS Sparrow, D Vokonas, PS Hu, HW Schwartz, J AF Park, Sung Kyun Tucker, Katherine L. O'Neill, Marie S. Sparrow, David Vokonas, Pantel S. Hu, Howard Schwartz, Joel TI Fruit, vegetable, and fish consumption and heart rate variability: the Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VITAMIN-C; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; BETA-CAROTENE; US ADULTS; RISK; POPULATION; HEALTH AB Background: Higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, and dark fish may prevent sudden cardiac death and arrhythmias, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Objective: We examined whether high consumption of fruit, vegetables, and dark fish would be associated with beneficial changes in heart rate variability (HRV). Design: HRV variables were measured among 586 older men with 928 total observations from November 2000 to June 2007 in the Normative Aging Study, a community-based longitudinal study of aging. Dietary intake was evaluated with a self-administered semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire and categorized into quartiles. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, intake of green leafy vegetables was positively associated with normalized high-frequency power and inversely associated with normalized low-frequency power (P for trend < 0.05). These significant associations were retained after further adjustment for healthy lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and use of multivitamins. No significant association was seen between HRV measures and intakes of other fruit and vegetables, vitamin C, carotenoids, tuna and dark-meat fish, or n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids. An effect modification of intake of noncitrus fruit by obesity and of total vegetables and cruciferous vegetables by cigarette smoking was seen, which warrants further investigation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that higher intake of green leafy vegetables may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease through favorable changes in cardiac autonomic function. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 778-86. C1 [Park, Sung Kyun] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [O'Neill, Marie S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sparrow, David; Vokonas, Pantel S.] Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, VA Normat Aging Study, Boston, MA USA. [Sparrow, David; Vokonas, Pantel S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Sparrow, David; Hu, Howard; Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hu, Howard; Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Park, SK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, SPH IIM6240,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sungkyun@umich.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Hu, Howard/0000-0002-3676-2707 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [EPA R827353, R832416]; National Institute of Environment Health Sciences [RO1-ES015172, ES00002, ES05257, ES10798, P01-ES009825, P42-ES05947] FX Supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency (grants EPA R827353 and R832416) and the National Institute of Environment Health Sciences (grants RO1-ES015172, ES00002, ES05257, ES10798, P01-ES009825, and P42-ES05947). The VA Normative Aging Study is supported by the Cooperative Studies Program/Epidemiology Research and Information Center of the US Department of Veterans Affairs and is a component of the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston, MA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 3 BP 778 EP 786 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26849 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 410IS UT WOS:000263571300010 PM 19158214 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Beiseigel, JM AF Hunt, Janet R. Beiseigel, Jeannemarie M. TI Dietary calcium does not exacerbate phytate inhibition of zinc absorption by women from conventional diets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; COMPOSITE MEALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; HUMANS; RETENTION; BALANCE; RATIOS; BREAD; WHEAT; IRON AB Background: Although calcium inhibits zinc bioavailability in rats, especially from high-phytate diets, the effect of calcium on zinc absorption by humans from practical diets remains unclear. Objective: The objective was to test the inhibitory effect of dietary calcium, in Western diets with high and low phytate content, on zinc absorption. Design: Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, zinc absorption was determined in 10 healthy women from 1-d diets with moderate and high calcium contents of approximate to 700 and 1800 mg/d and low and high phytate contents of approximate to 440 and 1800 mg/d. Absorption was measured by using extrinsically added (65)Zn and subsequent whole-body scintillation counting. Results: Mean (+/-SE) fractional zinc absorption was 32.8 +/- 2.3% from the moderate-calcium, low-phytate diet; 26.9 +/- 2.4% from the moderate-calcium, high-phytate diet; 39.4 +/- 2.4% from the high-calcium, low-phytate diet; and 26.2 +/- 2.3% from the high-calcium, high-phytate diet. The respective values for absolute zinc absorption were 3.8 +/- 0.3, 3.0 +/- 0.3, 4.5 +/- 0.3, and 3.2 +/- 0.3 mg/d. Phytate significantly reduced fractional zinc absorption by approximate to 10 percentage points and reduced absolute zinc absorption by 25%, or approximate to 1 mg/d. Differences in dietary calcium did not affect zinc absorption, regardless of a high or low dietary phytate content. Conclusions: In healthy women consuming 1-d menus of ordinary foods (some fortified with calcium), dietary phytate reduces zinc absorption, but calcium does not impair zinc absorption, regardless of whether dietary phytate is low or high. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 839-43. C1 [Hunt, Janet R.; Beiseigel, Jeannemarie M.] USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, 2420 2nd Ave N,STOP 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM janetrhunt@gmail.com FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 3 BP 839 EP 843 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27175 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 410IS UT WOS:000263571300018 PM 19176739 ER PT J AU Weiner, DE Bartolomei, K Scott, T Price, LL Griffith, JL Rosenberg, I Levey, AS Folstein, MF Sarnak, MJ AF Weiner, Daniel E. Bartolomei, Keith Scott, Tammy Price, Lori Lyn Griffith, John L. Rosenberg, Irwin Levey, Andrew S. Folstein, Marshal F. Sarnak, Mark J. TI Albuminuria, Cognitive Functioning, and White Matter Hyperintensities in Homebound Elders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology/Annual Renal Week CY OCT 31-NOV 05, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Nephrol DE Chronic kidney disease; dementia; cognitive impairment; albuminuria; stroke ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; BRAIN INFARCTION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OLDER-ADULTS; IMPAIRMENT; POPULATION AB Background: Albuminuria, a kidney marker of microvascular disease, may herald microvascular disease elsewhere, including in the brain. Study Design: Cross sectional. Setting & Participants: Boston, MA, elders receiving home health services to maintain independent living who consented to brain magnetic resonance imaging. Predictor: Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Outcome: Performance on a cognitive battery assessing executive function and memory by using principal components analysis and white matter hyperintensity volume on brain imaging, evaluated in logistic and linear regression models. Results: In 335 participants, mean age was 73.4 +/- 8.1 years and 123 participants had microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. Each doubling of ACR was associated with worse executive function (beta = -0.05; P = 0.005 in univariate and beta = -0.07; P = 0.004 in multivariable analyses controlling for age, sex, race, education, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, medications, and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]), but not with worse memory or working memory. Individuals with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria were more likely to be in the lower versus the highest tertile of executive functioning (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.32; odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.35 per doubling of ACR in univariate and multivariable analyses, respectively). Albuminuria was associated with qualitative white matter hyperintensity grade (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.25; odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.29 per doubling of ACR) in univariate and multivariable analyses and with quantitative white matter hyperintensity volume (beta = 0.11; P = 0.007; beta = 0.10; P = 0.01) in univariate and multivariable analyses of log-transformed data. Results were similar when excluding individuals with macroalbuminuria. Limitations: Single measurement of ACR, indirect creatinine calibration, and reliance on participant recall for elements of medical history. Conclusions: Albuminuria is associated with worse cognitive performance, particularly in executive functioning, as well as increased white matter hyperintensity volume. Albuminuria likely identifies greater brain microvascular disease burden. C1 [Weiner, Daniel E.; Levey, Andrew S.; Sarnak, Mark J.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bartolomei, Keith] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Scott, Tammy; Folstein, Marshal F.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Price, Lori Lyn; Griffith, John L.] Tufts Med Ctr, Biostat Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rosenberg, Irwin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Weiner, DE (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Box 391,800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dweiner@tuftsmedicalcenter.org FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG021790]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK071636, K23 DK071636-04, K23 DK71636, K24 DK078204] NR 32 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 438 EP 447 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.08.022 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 414DJ UT WOS:000263843800013 PM 19070412 ER PT J AU Bannerman, DD Rinaldi, M Vinyard, BT Laihia, J Leino, L AF Bannerman, Douglas D. Rinaldi, Manuela Vinyard, Bryan T. Laihia, Jarmo Leino, Lasse TI Effects of intramammary infusion of cis-urocanic acid on mastitis-associated inflammation and tissue injury in dairy cows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE; ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED MASTITIS; EPITHELIAL-CELL DAMAGE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLINICAL MASTITIS; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB Objective-To evaluate the effects of cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA) on mammary gland (MG) inflammation and injury associated with Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in dairy cows. Animals-12 lactating dairy cows (36 MGs). Procedures-At 7-week intervals, a different MG in each cow was experimentally inoculated with E coli. At 6-hour intervals from 6 to 36 hours after inoculation, the inoculated MG in each cow was infused with 40 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, 12.5mM cis-UCA, or 25mM cis-UCA (4 cows/group); ultimately, each cow received each treatment. Immediately prior to and at various time points after inoculation and treatment, milk samples were collected. Bacterial CFUs, somatic cell counts (SCCs), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and concentrations of bovine serum albumin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cis-UCA were quantified in each milk sample. Results-Compared with findings in saline solution-treated MGs, NAGase and LDH activities in milk samples from cis-UCA-treated MGs were lower. Cis-UCA had no effect on milk SCCs and milk concentrations of bovine serum albumin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, cis-UCA had no adverse effect on bacterial clearance; CFUS of E coli in MGs treated with saline solution or cis-UCA were equivalent. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In cows, milk NAGase and LDH activities were both lower in E coli-infected MGs infused with cis-UCA than in those infused with saline solution, which suggests that cis-UCA reduced mastitis-associated tissue damage. Furthermore, these data indicated that therapeutic concentrations of cis-UCA in milk can be achieved via intramammary infusion. (Am J Vet Res 2009,-70:373-382) C1 [Bannerman, Douglas D.; Rinaldi, Manuela] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Laihia, Jarmo; Leino, Lasse] BioCis Pharma Ltd, Turku 20520, Finland. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), US Dept Vet Affairs, Off Res Oversight, 810 Vermont Ave NW 10R, Washington, DC 20420 USA. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 70 IS 3 BP 373 EP 382 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 419FL UT WOS:000264204400009 PM 19254150 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Fernandez-Juricic, E Seamans, TW Dolan, T AF Blackwell, Bradley F. Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban Seamans, Thomas W. Dolan, Tracy TI Avian visual system configuration and behavioural response to object approach SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE alert response; antipredator behaviour; avian vision; brown-headed cowbird; Molothrus ater; mourning dove; Zenaida macroura ID CRITICAL-FLICKER-FUSION; GANGLION-CELL LAYER; PREDATION RISK; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEUS ROTUNDUS; COLOR PATTERNS; FARMLAND BIRDS; STUBBLE FIELDS; HOUSE FINCHES AB Antipredator behaviour theory provides a framework to understand the mechanisms behind human wildlife interactions; however, little is known about the role of visual systems in the responses to humans. We quantified responses of brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater (Boddaert), and mourning doves, Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus), to object approach (a ground-based vehicle) and vehicle lighting regimen, and we examined two visual properties (visual acuity and visual fields) that could influence antipredator behaviour. Brown-headed cowbird groups exposed to vehicle approach and constant illumination of the vehicle-mounted lamp showed alert behaviour earlier than did groups exposed to pulsating treatments or no lamp. Interestingly, light treatments interacted with ambient light; cowbird alert response occurred sooner under sunny conditions and constant illumination of the lamp. Mourning doves were not affected by light treatments. Between species, mourning dove groups had a quicker alert response (and slower flight response) than brown-headed cowbirds. Visual acuity was higher and the visual field was wider in mourning doves than in brown-headed cowbirds. We speculate that brown-headed cowbirds might flush sooner to reduce predation risk costs associated with a relatively lower ability to visually track a given object. Our findings have theoretical and applied implications, as our model species belong to families that show different antipredator responses, and provide insight as to how object lighting might be used to reduce bird-structure/vehicle collisions, an increasing source of mortality in birds. The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Blackwell, Bradley F.; Seamans, Thomas W.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban; Dolan, Tracy] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov FU Precise Flight, Inc.; Bend, Oregon (U.S.A.); U.S. Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; National Science Foundation [0641550]; California State University, Long Beach FX Our research was supported by Precise Flight, Inc., Bend, Oregon (U.S.A.), the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0641550) and California State University, Long Beach. We thank E. Poggiali, D. Helon and L. Tyson for their assistance during our behavioural experiments. T. L. DeVault, R. A. Dolbeer, M. Stapanian and three anonymous referees provided reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 96 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 77 IS 3 BP 673 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.11.017 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 407LQ UT WOS:000263366100013 ER PT J AU Kramer, M Weldon, PJ Carroll, JF AF Kramer, Matthew Weldon, Paul J. Carroll, John F. TI Composite scores for concurrent behaviours constructed using canonical discriminant analysis SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Editorial Material DE Amblyomma americanum; chemoreception; composite score; discriminant analysis; lone star tick; statistics ID LONGITUDINAL DATA; SUNFISH; MODELS; TICK; PREY C1 [Weldon, Paul J.] Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Carroll, John F.] Beltsville Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kramer, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, BARC W, Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matt.kramer@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 77 IS 3 BP 763 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.12.011 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 407LQ UT WOS:000263366100025 ER PT J AU Black, BA Abrams, MD Rentch, JS Gould, PJ AF Black, Bryan A. Abrams, Marc D. Rentch, James S. Gould, Peter J. TI Properties of boundary-line release criteria in North American tree species SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; disturbance ecology; forest ecology; release criteria ID OLD-GROWTH; DISTURBANCE HISTORY; FOREST DISTURBANCE; CANOPY DISTURBANCE; CLIMATIC IMPACTS; OAK FOREST; DENDROECOLOGY; PATTERNS; USA; DYNAMICS AB Boundary line release criteria are increasingly applied to evaluate forest disturbance histories from tree-ring data. However, a number of important properties central to the technique have not been evaluated, including: (i) the ability of boundary line release criteria to standardize releases across various sites, species, and tree life stages (ii) the minimum sample sizes necessary for developing boundary lines, and (iii) the degree to which the criteria can resolve the degree of crown exposure following a disturbance event. In an analysis of eleven North American tree species, boundary line release criteria do not fully compensate for declines in release response a tree experiences with increasing age and size, with the exception Tsuga canadensis. A bootstrapping analysis indicates that approximately 50 000 ring width measurements are necessary to develop boundary line release criteria for a given species. In a Quercus prinus stand, boundary line release criteria better predict the degree of crown exposure following a disturbance than an earlier running mean technique. Despite certain limitations, boundary line release criteria have the potential to standardize release calculation across most life stages of a tree, and possibly among sites and species. C1 [Black, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Abrams, Marc D.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rentch, James S.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Gould, Peter J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bryan.black@oregonstate.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 AR 205 DI 10.1051/forest/2008087 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 413EU UT WOS:000263776500005 ER PT J AU Lyons, JM Abergel, J Thomson, JL Anthony, CT Wang, YZ Anthony, LB Boudreaux, JP Strauchen, J Idrees, M Warner, RRP Woltering, EA AF Lyons, John M., III Abergel, Jeffrey Thomson, Jessica L. Anthony, Cathy T. Wang, Yi-Zarn Anthony, Lowell B. Boudreaux, J. Philip Strauchen, James Idrees, Muhammad Warner, Richard R. P. Woltering, Eugene A. TI In Vitro Chemoresistance Testing in Well-Differentiated Carcinoid Tumors SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASE-II TRIAL; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; INVITRO ASSAY; CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER; FLUOROURACIL; STREPTOZOCIN; DOXORUBICIN; SURVIVAL AB Well-differentiated, "typical" carcinoid tumors traditionally have a very poor response to chemotherapy. We hypothesized that tumor specimens from well-differentiated carcinoid tumors would be highly resistant to the effects of chemotherapy when tested against a variety of antineoplastic agents in vitro. Ninety-eight typical carcinoid specimens were surgically harvested, cultured, and tested against antineoplastics in vitro. (3)H-Thymidine incorporation was used to assess the percentage of cell-growth inhibition (PCI) of tested specimens. PCI was used to determine if specimens had extreme drug resistance (EDR), intermediate drug resistance (IDR), or low drug resistance (LDR) to each reagent against which they were tested. Seventy specimens generated results. Each was tested with an average of six drugs. The mean proportions of drugs classified as LDR, IDR, and EDR were 0.48 (range 0-1), 0.34 (range 0-1), and 0.18 (range 0-0.80), respectively. The mean numbers of drugs per specimen exhibiting LDR, IDR, and EDR chemoresistance were 2.7, 2.1, and 1.2, respectively. 57 of 70 specimens (81%) had LDR to at least two drugs. 5-FU had the highest frequency of low chemoresistance at 69%, followed by doxorubicin at 67%. Low in vitro resistance to chemotherapeutics was prevalent among typical carcinoids, while EDR was comparatively infrequent. This implies that there may be less clinical chemoresistance and more chemosensitivity among typical carcinoid tumors than clinical trials have previously revealed. These findings warrant additional investigations assessing the response of carcinoid tumors to assay-guided chemotherapy regimens. C1 [Lyons, John M., III; Anthony, Cathy T.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Abergel, Jeffrey] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New York, NY USA. [Thomson, Jessica L.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Wang, Yi-Zarn; Boudreaux, J. Philip; Woltering, Eugene A.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Sect Surg Oncol, Kenner, LA 70065 USA. [Anthony, Lowell B.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Hematol & Oncol, Dept Internal Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Strauchen, James; Idrees, Muhammad] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY USA. [Warner, Richard R. P.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, New York, NY USA. [Woltering, Eugene A.] LSUHSC Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Wang, Yi-Zarn; Boudreaux, J. Philip; Woltering, Eugene A.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Sect Surg Endocrinol, Kenner, LA 70065 USA. RP Lyons, JM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM jlyons@lsuhsc.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.1245/s10434-008-0261-z PG 7 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 407GN UT WOS:000263351700016 PM 19130141 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JS Coleman, RJ Setamou, M AF Armstrong, J. Scott Coleman, Randy J. Setamou, Mamoudou TI Oviposition Patterns of Creontiades signatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Okra-Leaf and Normal-Leaf Cotton SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Creontiades signatus; oviposition; cotton; okra-leaf; trichomes ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; GREEN STINK BUG; LYGUS-HESPERUS; TRICHOME DENSITY; ALEYRODIDAE; RESISTANCE; HETEROPTERA; CULTIVARS; HOMOPTERA; GENOTYPES AB We investigated the oviposition behavior of Creontiades signatus Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae), a relatively new plant bug pest of south Texas cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., on okra-leaf and normal-leaf genotypes that differed significantly in their leaf morphology and trichome densities. In a no-choice study, the site preference and numbers of eggs oviposited by C. signatus were identical for the okra-leaf and normal-leaf. In a free-choice test, C. signatus showed a significant preference for the normal-leaf by ovipositing 3 times the number of eggs than on okra-leaf, but the site locations and percentages of egg distributions were similar for the two cotton types. The leaf petiole was the most preferred site for oviposition, followed by the main stein, and fruiting structures (squares and small bolls). The majority of eggs were oviposited in the leaf petioles associated with the mid-portion (nodes 4 - 8) of the plant. Trichome densities on the leaf petioles, main stem, and leaf veins were similar for node 3, but they were significantly higher on these structures for nodes 5 and 8 for the okra-leaf compared with the normal-leaf. The strong selection of oviposition sites in the normal-leaf cotton in this study may be due to some factor other than trichome density. This information should increase the knowledge for scouting for the presence of eggs and young nymphs and serve as a starting point for the selection of nonpreferred cotton varieties for oviposition by this mirid. C1 [Armstrong, J. Scott; Coleman, Randy J.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Setamou, Mamoudou] Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Armstrong, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM scott.armstrong@weslaco.ars.usda NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 102 IS 2 BP 196 EP 200 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418QT UT WOS:000264164200002 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF AF Esquivel, J. F. TI Stages of Gonadal Development of the Southern Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Improved Visualization SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE gonadal development; reproductive systems; Nezara viridula; testes; ovaries ID POSTDIAPAUSE REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; VIRIDULA L. HEMIPTERA; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; DIAPAUSE INDUCTION; COLOR-CHANGE; HETEROPTERA AB The southern green Stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and other related species have become pests in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil. In Central Texas, little is known regarding the ecology of N. viridula. The reproductive status of N. viridula adults Can be used to estimate population density and overwintering survival, but previous studies failed to provide clear visualizations for the developmental stages of the reproductive systems, This study was undertaken to provide improved visualizations of the developmental stages of the reproductive systems. Results will be critical in the accurate assessment of population reproductive status, estimation Of population densities, and overwintering survival. Additionally, images presented here may be applicable to other stink bug species that infest row and fruit crops. C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77815 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77815 USA. EM jesus.esquivel@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 102 IS 2 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418QT UT WOS:000264164200012 ER PT J AU Strange, JP Knoblett, J Griswold, T AF Strange, James P. Knoblett, Joyce Griswold, Terry TI DNA amplification from pin-mounted bumble bees (Bombus) in a museum collection: effects of fragment size and specimen age on successful PCR SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Bombus; museum specimens; conservation genetics; microsatellite; ancient DNA; PCR success rate ID HISTORICAL SPECIMENS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FORAGING RANGE; NEST DENSITY; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; MARKERS; UTILITY AB Historic data in the form of pinned specimens in entomological collections offer the potential to determine trends in genetic diversity of bumble bees (Bombus). We screened eight microsatellite loci in pinned bumble bee specimens from the U. S. National Pollinating Insects Collection. We tested three species (Bombus appositus, Bombus huntii and Bombus occidentalis) representing three subgenera of bumble bees (Subterraneobombus, Pyrobombus and Bombus sensu stricto) respectively. Bombus occidentalis is a species of particular concern for conservation biologists. Single mid-legs of ninety-six individuals from each species were assayed to determine microsatellite amplification success rates of historic material in a museum collection. Microsatellite alleles amplified in specimens up to 101 years old, but the rate of amplification success was significantly lower in material over 60 years of age. Loci with shorter allele sizes amplified more frequently than relatively longer alleles in samples from all age classes. We correlate the age of specimens to the age at which loci fail to amplify and discuss potential impacts of using certain markers for population genetic studies of museum specimens. C1 [Strange, James P.; Knoblett, Joyce; Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Strange, JP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, BNR 255, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM james.strange@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1051/apido/2008070 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 429QM UT WOS:000264935200005 ER PT J AU Latorre, AA Van Kessel, JAS Karns, JS Zurakowski, MJ Pradhan, AK Zadoks, RN Boor, KJ Schukken, YH AF Latorre, Alejandra A. Van Kessel, Jo Ann S. Karns, Jeffrey S. Zurakowski, Michael J. Pradhan, Abani K. Zadoks, Ruth N. Boor, Kathryn J. Schukken, Ynte H. TI Molecular Ecology of Listeria monocytogenes: Evidence for a Reservoir in Milking Equipment on a Dairy Farm SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BULK TANK MILK; UNITED-STATES; BIOFILM FORMATION; PREVALENCE; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; SALMONELLA; INFECTION AB A longitudinal study aimed to detect Listeria monocytogenes on a New York State dairy farm was conducted between February 2004 and July 2007. Fecal samples were collected every 6 months from all lactating cows. Approximately 20 environmental samples were obtained every 3 months. Bulk tank milk samples and in-line milk filter samples were obtained weekly. Samples from milking equipment and the milking parlor environment were obtained in May 2007. Fifty-one of 715 fecal samples (7.1%) and 22 of 303 environmental samples (7.3%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. A total of 73 of 108 in-line milk filter samples (67.6%) and 34 of 172 bulk tank milk samples (19.7%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 6 of 40 (15%) sampling sites in the milking parlor and milking equipment. In-line milk filter samples had a greater proportion of L. monocytogenes than did bulk tank milk samples (P < 0.05) and samples from other sources (P < 0.05). The proportion of L. monocytogenes- positive samples was greater among bulk tank milk samples than among fecal or environmental samples (P < 0.05). Analysis of 60 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) yielded 23 PFGE types after digestion with AscI and ApaI endonucleases. Three PFGE types of L. monocytogenes were repeatedly found in longitudinally collected samples from bulk tank milk and in-line milk filters. C1 [Latorre, Alejandra A.; Zurakowski, Michael J.; Pradhan, Abani K.; Zadoks, Ruth N.; Schukken, Ynte H.] Cornell Univ, Qual Milk Product Serv, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Van Kessel, Jo Ann S.; Karns, Jeffrey S.] USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, ANRI, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Boor, Kathryn J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Latorre, AA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Qual Milk Product Serv, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, 22 Thornwood Dr, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM aal39@cornell.edu RI Boor, Kathryn/B-3545-2009; Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008; OI Boor, Kathryn/0000-0001-6810-3434; Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194; Zadoks, Ruth/0000-0002-1164-8000 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-1265-3-156] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (agreement no. 58-1265-3-156) for the Regional Dairy Quality Management Alliance. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1323 DI 10.1128/AEM.01826-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 411KR UT WOS:000263649000013 PM 19114514 ER PT J AU Hoopes, JT Stark, CJ Kim, HA Sussman, DJ Donovan, DM Nelson, DC AF Hoopes, J. Todd Stark, Caren J. Kim, Han Ah Sussman, Daniel J. Donovan, David M. Nelson, Daniel C. TI Use of a Bacteriophage Lysin, PlyC, as an Enzyme Disinfectant against Streptococcus equi SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYTIC ENZYME; INFECTION; ELIMINATION; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; FACILITIES; STRANGLES; THERAPY; FARM AB Streptococcus equi is the causative agent of the purulent infection equine strangles. This disease is transmitted through shedding of live bacteria from nasal secretions and abscess drainage or by contact with surfaces contaminated by the bacteria. Disinfectants are effective against S. equi, but inactivation by environmental factors, damage to equipment, and toxicity are of great concern. Bacteriophage-encoded lysins (cell wall hydrolases) have been investigated as therapeutic agents due to their ability to lyse susceptible gram-positive organisms. Here, we investigate the use of one lysin, PlyC, as a narrow-spectrum disinfectant against S. equi. This enzyme was active against >20 clinical isolates of S. equi, including both S. equi subsp. equi and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Significantly, PlyC was 1,000 times more active on a per weight basis than Virkon-S, a common disinfecting agent, with 1 mu g of enzyme able to sterilize a 108 CFU/ml culture of S. equi in 30 min. PlyC was subjected to a standard battery of tests including the Use Dilution Method for Testing Disinfectants and the Germicidal Spray Products Test. Results indicate that aerosolized PlyC can eradicate or significantly reduce the S. equi load on a variety of materials found on common stable and horse-related equipment. Additionally, PlyC was shown to retain full activity under conditions that mimic a horse stable, i.e., in the presence of nonionic detergents, hard water, or organic materials. We propose PlyC as the first protein-based, narrow-spectrum disinfectant against S. equi, which may augment or supplement the use of broad-spectrum disinfectants in barns and stables where equine strangles is prevalent. C1 [Hoopes, J. Todd; Stark, Caren J.; Kim, Han Ah; Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kim, Han Ah] Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Thomas S Wootton High Sch Sci Internship Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Donovan, David M.] USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nelson, DC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM nelsond@umbi.umd.edu RI Nelson, Daniel/I-2198-2012 FU University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute FX This work was supported by start-up funds from the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute to D. C. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1394 DI 10.1128/AEM.02195-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 411KR UT WOS:000263649000022 PM 19139235 ER PT J AU Quinones, B Massey, S Friedman, M Swimley, MS Teter, K AF Quinones, Beatriz Massey, Shane Friedman, Mendel Swimley, Michelle S. Teter, Ken TI Novel Cell-Based Method To Detect Shiga Toxin 2 from Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Inhibitors of Toxin Activity SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUID ACCUMULATION; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; CHOLERA-TOXIN; PSEUDOMONAS EXOTOXIN; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; POLYPHENOLS AB Escherichia coli O157: H7 is a leading cause of food-borne illness. This human pathogen produces Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) which inhibit protein synthesis by inactivating ribosome function. The present study describes a novel cell-based assay to detect Stx2 and inhibitors of toxin activity. A Vero cell line harboring a destabilized variant (half- life, 2 h) of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (d2EGFP) was used to monitor the toxin-induced inhibition of protein synthesis. This Vero-d2EGFP cell line produced a fluorescent signal which could be detected by microscopy or with a plate reader. However, a greatly attenuated fluorescent signal was detected in Vero-d2EGFP cells that had been incubated overnight with either purified Stx2 or a cell-free culture supernatant from Stx1- and Stx2-producing E. coli O157: H7. Dose-response curves demonstrated that the Stx2-induced inhibition of enhanced green fluorescent protein fluorescence mirrored the Stx2-induced inhibition of overall protein synthesis and identified a picogram-per-milliliter threshold for toxin detection. To establish our Vero-d2EGFP assay as a useful tool for the identification of toxin inhibitors, we screened a panel of plant compounds for antitoxin activities. Fluorescent signals were maintained when Vero-d2EGFP cells were exposed to Stx1- and Stx2-containing medium in the presence of either grape seed or grape pomace extract. The antitoxin properties of the grape extracts were confirmed with an independent toxicity assay that monitored the overall level of protein synthesis in cells treated with purified Stx2. These results indicate that the Vero-d2EGFP fluorescence assay is an accurate and sensitive method to detect Stx2 activity and can be utilized to identify toxin inhibitors. C1 [Quinones, Beatriz; Friedman, Mendel; Swimley, Michelle S.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. [Massey, Shane; Teter, Ken] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Burnett Sch Biomed Sci, Coll Med, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Teter, K (reprint author), Biomol Res Annex, 12722 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM kteter@mail.ucf.edu OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service through CRIS [5325-42000-045] FX This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service through CRIS project number 5325-42000-045. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1410 EP 1416 DI 10.1128/AEM.02230-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 411KR UT WOS:000263649000025 PM 19139230 ER PT J AU Fan, ZM Wagschal, K Chen, W Montross, MD Lee, CC Yuan, L AF Fan, Zhanmin Wagschal, Kurt Chen, Wei Montross, Michael D. Lee, Charles C. Yuan, Ling TI Multimeric Hemicellulases Facilitate Biomass Conversion SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULES; ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; BETA-XYLOSIDASE; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; XYLANASE; ENZYME; CONSTRUCTION; SYNERGY; FUSION; ARABINOXYLAN AB Two highly active trifunctional hemicellulases were constructed by linking the catalytic portion of a xylanase with an arabinofuranosidase and a xylosidase, using either flexible peptide linkers or linkers containing a cellulose-binding domain. The multifunctional enzymes retain the parental enzyme properties and exhibit synergistic effects in hydrolysis of natural xylans and corn stover. C1 [Yuan, Ling] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Kentucky Tobacco Res & Dev Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Wagschal, Kurt; Lee, Charles C.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chen, Wei; Montross, Michael D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Yuan, L (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Kentucky Tobacco Res & Dev Ctr, Cooper & Univ Drives, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM lyuan3@uky.edu FU U. S. Department of Agriculture [2006-35504-17413] FX We thank D. Zaitlin and K. Shen for their critical review of the manuscript.; This work was supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of Agriculture to L. Y. (2006-35504-17413). NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1754 EP 1757 DI 10.1128/AEM.02181-08 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 415FY UT WOS:000263920900037 PM 19151180 ER PT J AU de Almeida, MB Schild, AL Brasil, NDA Quevedo, PD Fiss, L Pfister, JA Riet-Correa, F AF de Almeida, Milton Begeres Schild, Ana Lucia Brasil, Nathalia D. Assis Quevedo, Pedro de Souza Fiss, Leticia Pfister, James A. Riet-Correa, Franklin TI Conditioned aversion in sheep induced by Baccharis coridifolia SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Baccharis coridifolia; Food aversion; Sheep ID LOCOWEED OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; TASTE-AVERSIONS; CATTLE; CONSUMPTION; HORSES AB In Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay, the invasive weed Baccharis coridifolia often poisons naive animals. Farmers prevent B. coridifolia poisoning using several unconventional methods to reduce ingestion: (I) burning plant material under an animals' nose, and having the animal inhale the resulting smoke: (2) rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzle and mouth; and (3) gradually introducing animals into B. coridifolia-infested pastures. To determine if B. coridifolia would condition an aversion, and to test the efficiency of these three aversive methods, 18 adult sheep were used to induce an aversion to corn, a novel food. In Group IBc, four sheep ingested 0.25 g/kg bw of fresh B. coridifolia. In Group OMBc, four sheep were treated by rubbing the plant in the mouth. In Group IHBc, four sheep inhaled smoke produced by burning B. coridifolia. In Group LiCl, two sheep were treated by oral gavage with 175 mg/kg lithium chloride (LiCl). In Group IA, two sheep received alfalfa by oral gavage. In Group IHLm, two sheep inhaled the smoke produced by burning ryegrass. On days 1-5, 10, 30, 60 and 90, 100 g of corn were offered to the animals. All sheep that ingested B. coridifolia or were treated with LiCl and one that inhaled smoke produced by burning B. coridifolia developed an aversion to corn for the whole experimental period. After 1 year, sheep from Groups IBc, OMBc, LiCl, and IA were transferred to a pasture with B, coridifolia, and observed for plant consumption. Sheep from group IBc that were treated with B. coridifolia the previous year, did not graze the plant. Sheep from the other groups ingested the plant occasionally, had anorexia, and two showed signs of digestive stress and died. Results demonstrate that B. coridifolia is as efficient as LiCl in conditioning an aversion to a previously unknown food. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [de Almeida, Milton Begeres; Schild, Ana Lucia; Brasil, Nathalia D. Assis; Quevedo, Pedro de Souza; Fiss, Leticia] Univ Fed Pelotas, Fac Vet, Lab Reg Diagnost, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. [Pfister, James A.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Riet-Correa, Franklin] UFCG, Ctr Saude & Tecnol Rural, Patos de Minas, PB, Brazil. RP Schild, AL (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Fac Vet, Lab Reg Diagnost, Campus Univ S-N, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. EM alschild@terra.com.br RI Schild, Ana Lucia/H-6330-2014 FU CNPq [47158812004-0, 42001212005-2] FX We thank the CNPq for financial support (Grants No. 47158812004-0 and No. 42001212005-2). NR 20 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.12.006 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 422TK UT WOS:000264450400011 ER PT J AU Bergtold, JS Raper, RL Schwab, EB AF Bergtold, J. S. Raper, R. L. Schwab, E. B. TI THE ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF IMPROVING THE PROXIMITY OF TILLAGE AND PLANTING OPERATIONS IN COTTON PRODUCTION WITH AUTOMATIC STEERING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton yield; Soil compaction; Subsoiling; Auto-guidance; Economics; GPS ID YIELD AB Producers in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States manage soil compaction in conservation tillage systems by in-row subsoiling prior to planting. However, planting directly over the loosened zone of soil can be difficult it? high-residue conservation tillage systems where cover crop production is maximized. Tractors with automatic steering capability could assist with placement of deep tillage in close proximity to planting operations, but little is known about the accuracy necessary to maximize rooting development, reduce succeeding soil compaction, and optimize crop production. An experiment was conducted in south-central Alabama to evaluate the distance the cotton row can be from deep tillage and still affect cotton yield and economic performance. Results showed as distance between the planted row and tillage pass increased, seed cotton yields were reduced by as much as 24% to 52% and net revenues from cotton production by as much as 38% to 83%. An economic analysis of on-farm adoption showed that auto-guidance systems with accuracy of less than 2.5 cm may be the most profitable for larger farms, while systems with less than 10-cm accuracy may provide a better economic alternative for smaller farms. C1 [Bergtold, J. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Raper, R. L.; Schwab, E. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soils Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Bergtold, JS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, 304F Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bergtold@ksu.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 431QU UT WOS:000265078900001 ER PT J AU Byler, RK Anthony, WS AF Byler, R. K. Anthony, W. S. TI RANKING BALE BAGGING MATERIALS FOR COTTON BALES ON THE RATE OF BALE WEIGHT CHANGE SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Bale; Moisture content; Modeling; Bagging; Weight AB Universal Density cotton bales were formed with relatively dry lint, covered with different types of bagging materials, and the bales stored in a humid environment for more than 3 months. The bale coverings included coated woven polypropylene with and without holes, linear low-density polyethylene film with different hole patterns, and no bale bagging. The bales were weighed periodically during storage. Some bales were then exposed to drier conditions and the weight change over time again recorded. Theoretical diffusion models were considered and the bale weight changes modeled with a single-term decaying exponential. Different bales in the same bagging type changed weight consistent with the models. The rate of bale weight change from the models was used to calculate a half-time to equilibrium, in days, for each bagging type. The half-time for bales with no bagging was 10 days, for bales in coated woven polypropylene bagging with holes punched in it was 34 days, and for bales with a bagging made of polyethylene film with holes was 102 days. This half-time number will allow simplified communication of the effect bale bagging has on the rate of change of cotton bale weight during storage. C1 [Byler, R. K.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rick.byler@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 431QU UT WOS:000265078900004 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK Parker, C Lopez, JD Hoffmann, WC Schleider, P AF Fritz, B. K. Parker, C. Lopez, J. D., Jr. Hoffmann, W. C. Schleider, P. TI DEPOSITION AND DROPLET SIZING CHARACTERIZATION OF A LABORATORY SPRAY TABLE SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Spray Table; Simulated spray deposition; Bioassay; Deposition; Water-sensitive paper ID TOWER BIOASSAY; HERBICIDES AB Small-scale laboratory studies to assess the various materials on the various crops and pests at varying rates and spray spectra can identify promising combinations for field evaluation. This work details a laboratory spray table and calibration methodology that allows users to quickly set up and apply material at desired rates and droplet sizes. A series of flat-fan nozzles were evaluated at different speeds and pressure combinations in the spray table. A database of spray volume deposition rates and droplet sizes was developed using water sensitive cards analyzed with the DropletScan (R) software. The developed spray table system can be used to quickly and inexpensively screen a large number of application scenarios to select the application system combinations that show the most promise for field evaluations. C1 [Fritz, B. K.; Parker, C.; Lopez, J. D., Jr.; Hoffmann, W. C.; Schleider, P.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM bfritz@apmru.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 431QU UT WOS:000265078900005 ER PT J AU King, BA Wall, RW Karsky, TF AF King, B. A. Wall, R. W. Karsky, T. F. TI CENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR INDEPENDENT SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND CHEMICAL APPLICATION SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Irrigation; Center-pivot; Site-specific; Chemigation; Application uniformity ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; POTATOES AB The development of lateral-move and center-pivot irrigation systems equipped for spatially variable water application and those equipped with an independent chemical application system have largely evolved independently. Integration of independent site-specific water and chemical application with lateral-move and center-pivot irrigation systems has received little attention. Increasing the utility of site-specific management technologies added to automated irrigation systems will increase their cost effectiveness and commercial potential. An independent chemical application system capable of variable rate application was installed and tested on a 4-span center-pivot irrigation system equipped for variable rate water application. The chemical application system was assembled using mini-sprinklers and common commercial irrigation system components. For uniform chemical application, the coefficient of uniformity (CU) values ranged from 84 to 90 providing acceptable application uniformity. For variable rate chemical application, CU values ranged from 79 to 93 and measured mean area-weighted relative application values were well correlated with target relative application values with R(2) of 0.9 or higher Field testing of the chemical application system demonstrated that it can be used to effectively apply spatially variable chemical application concurrent and independent of spatially variable water application. C1 [King, B. A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Wall, R. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Karsky, T. F.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM brad.king@ars.usda.gov FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2002-35102-12470] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2002-35102-12470. Nelson Irrigation Corp. Walla Walla, Washington provided sprinkler equipment support for this project. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 431QU UT WOS:000265078900007 ER PT J AU Coronado, M Yuan, W Wang, D Dowell, FE AF Coronado, M. Yuan, W. Wang, D. Dowell, F. E. TI PREDICTING THE CONCENTRATION AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLENDS USING NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Concentration; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Specific gravity ID NOX EMISSIONS; COMBUSTION; ENGINE; FUELS AB Biodiesel made from different source materials usually have different physical and chemical properties and the concentration of biodiesel in biodiesel-diesel blends varies from pump to pump and from user to user; all these factors have significant effects on performance and efficiency of engines fueled with biodiesel. To address these challenges, regressions based on near-infrared spectroscopy were developed for relatively inexpensive and rapid on-line measurement of the concentration and specific gravity of biodiesel-diesel blends. Methyl esters of five different oils - soybean oil, canola oil palm oil, waste cooling oil, and coconut oil - and two different brands of commercial-grade No. 2 oil-highway diesel and one brand of off-road No. 2 diesel were used in the calibration and validation processes. The predicted concentration and specific gravity of the biodiesel-diesel blends were compared with the actual values. The maximum and average root-mean-square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of biodiesel concentration were 5.2% and 2.9%, respectively, from the biodiesel type-specific regression. For the general regression, the RMSEP were 3.2% and 0.002 for biodiesel concentration and specific gravity predictions, respectively. C1 [Coronado, M.; Yuan, W.; Wang, D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dowell, F. E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Yuan, W (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 129 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM wyuan@ksu.edu FU Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [09-110-J] FX We thank Ms. Elizabeth Maghirang at the USDA ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Engineering Research Unit, and Dr. David Wetzel, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, for assistance with the project. This work is supported. by Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Contribution no. 09-110-J). NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 431QU UT WOS:000265078900009 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, Andrew K. TI Homologous recombination within the capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 subgroup viruses via natural co-infection SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANADA; SWINE; PMWS AB Several studies had reported homologous recombination between two porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2 subgroup viruses, PCV2a and PCV2b. The recombination events described thus far mapped either within the Rep gene sequences or the sequences flanking the Rep gene region. Previously, the presence of both PCV2a and PCV2b DNA sequences in tissues of the same infected swine from the 2005 United States PCV-associated disease outbreak was reported, which indicates that the animal was co-infected with both PCV2 subgroup viruses. Here, two naturally occurring chimeric genomes were identified that exhibited homologous recombination within the capsid gene sequences, and infectious viruses were recovered from both chimeric genomes after transfection into tissue culture cells. C1 ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM andrew.cheung@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 154 IS 3 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0329-5 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 415DV UT WOS:000263915400019 PM 19234666 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Hesler, LS Tilmon, K Dashiell, K Scott, R AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Hesler, Louis S. Tilmon, Kelley Dashiell, Kenton Scott, Roy TI Direct effects of soybean varietal selection and Aphis glycines-resistant soybeans on natural enemies SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Glycine max; Orius insidiosus; Harmonia axyridis; Host plant resistance; Integrated pest management; Ipomoea hederacea; Omnivory; Predator ID GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES HEMIPTERA; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS SAY; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; PREDATORS; APHIDIDAE; COCCINELLIDAE AB The direct effects of three soybean parentages, each represented by an Aphis glycines-resistant and susceptible isoline, on the fitness and performance of two key predators (Orius insidiosus and Harmonia axyridis) were evaluated in the laboratory. Predators were reared from hatch through adulthood in Petri dishes with cut trifoliolate leaves of the designated soybean variety, using eggs of Ephestia kuehniella as surrogate prey to eliminate prey-mediated effects of the host plant. Preimaginal survival and development, sex ratio, adult longevity, fecundity, and size were compared among treatments and a no-plant control. An additional experiment compared life-history parameters of predators caged with soybean versus Ipomoea hederacea (ivyleaf morning glory). Aphid resistance reduced the adult longevity of H. axyridis, but O. insidiosus was unaffected by resistance traits. However, adult O. insidiosus lived longer on soybeans with Group C base genetics than the other soybean varieties. Other parameters were not affected by soybean base genetics or resistance, but both predators generally performed worse on soybean than on I. hederacea or no-plant controls. The results suggest that soybean varietal selection, particularly with respect to A. glycines-resistance, may directly affect biological control agents. Also, implications of the generally poor suitability of soybean for natural enemies are discussed within the context of current crop production practices. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Hesler, Louis S.; Dashiell, Kenton] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Tilmon, Kelley; Scott, Roy] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jonathan.lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s11829-008-9053-4 PG 8 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 413FF UT WOS:000263777600002 ER PT J AU Kapczynski, DR Gonder, E Liljebjelke, K Lippert, R Petkov, D Tilley, B AF Kapczynski, Darrell R. Gonder, Eric Liljebjelke, Karen Lippert, Ron Petkov, Daniel Tilley, Becky TI Vaccine-Induced Protection from Egg Production Losses in Commercial Turkey Breeder Hens Following Experimental Challenge with a Triple-Reassortant H3N2 Avian Influenza Virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; H3N2 triple reassortants; inactivated vaccines; turkeys ID UNITED-STATES; A VIRUSES; INFECTIONS; POULTRY; SWINE; OUTBREAK; PIGS AB Infections of avian influenza virus (AIV) in turkey breeder hens can cause a decrease in both egg production and quality, resulting in significant production losses. In North Carolina in 2003, a triple-reassortant H3N2 AIV containing human, swine, and avian gene segments was isolated from turkey breeder hens (A/turkey/NC/16108/03). This viral subtype was subsequently isolated from both turkeys and swine in Ohio in 2004, and in Minnesota in 2005, and was responsible for significant losses in turkey production. The objective of this study was to determine if currently available commercial, inactivated avian influenza H3 subtype oil-emulsion vaccines would protect laying turkey hens from egg production losses following challenge with the 2003 H3N2 field virus isolate from North Carolina. Laying turkey hens were vaccinated in the field with two injections of either a commercial monovalent (A/duck/Minnesota/79/79 [H3N4]) or autogenous bivalent (A/turkey/North Carolina/05 (H3N2)-A/turkey/North Carolina/88 [H1N1]) vaccine, at 26 and 30 wk of age, and subsequently challenged under BSL 3-Ag conditions at 32 wk of age. Vaccine-induced efficacy was determined as protection from a 50% decrease in egg production and from a decrease in egg quality within 21 days postchallenge. Results indicate that, following a natural route of challenge (eye drop and intranasal), birds vaccinated with the 2005 North Carolina H3N2 subtype were significantly protected from the drop in egg production observed in both the H3N4 vaccinated and sham-vaccinated hens. The results demonstrate that groups receiving vaccines containing either H3 subtype had a decreased number of unsettable eggs, increased hemagglutination inhibition titers following challenge, and decreased virus isolations from cloacal swabs as compared to the sham-vaccinated group. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the HA(1) gene segment from the three H3 viruses used in these studies indicated that the two North Carolina turkey isolates had 90.4% similarity in HA(1) nucleotide sequence, but had only 77.4% and 76.1% sequence similarity to the HA(1) of the H3N4 duck isolate. This study provides the first detailed description of the clinical protection afforded to laying turkey hens by vaccination against challenge with a circulating field isolate of a H3N2 triple-reassortant AIV. C1 [Kapczynski, Darrell R.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Gonder, Eric; Tilley, Becky] Goldsboro Milling Co, Goldsboro, NC 27534 USA. [Liljebjelke, Karen] ARS, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lippert, Ron] Willmar Poultry Co, Willmar, MN 56201 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM darrell.kapczynski@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [6612-32000-053-00D]; Cooperative Research Agreement [58-6612-6-138] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Richard Webby for the HA sequence of A/ Dk/ Mn/ 79/ 79 H3N4 isolate. The authors also wish to thank Tracy S. Faulkner and Derek Smith for technical assistance and Roger Brock for assistance with animal care. This research was supported by the USDA, ARS CRIS project 6612-32000-053-00D and a Cooperative Research Agreement with Goldsboro Milling, No. 58-6612-6-138. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WF UT WOS:000264525800002 PM 19431997 ER PT J AU Durairaj, V Okimoto, R Rasaputra, K Clark, FD Rath, NC AF Durairaj, V. Okimoto, R. Rasaputra, K. Clark, F. D. Rath, N. C. TI Histopathology and Serum Clinical Chemistry Evaluation of Broilers with Femoral Head Separation Disorder SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE femoral separation; clinical chemistry; chicken ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; INDUCED OSTEONECROSIS; POTENTIAL RISK; CELL-DEATH; CHICKENS; IDENTIFICATION; ABNORMALITIES; NECROSIS; DISEASES AB Femoral head separation (FHS) and necrosis is a sporadic leg problem of unknown etiology in broiler breeders. To determine the underlying physiology of FHS, the blood chemistry and histopathology of the femoral growth plates of the affected chickens were compared with their age-matched controls and with birds having tibial dyschondroplasia. Femoral problems were categorized on the basis of 1) femoral head separating from articular cartilage without any visible damage to the growth plate (FHS) and 2) FHS with significant tearing and lesions in the growth plate (FHSL). Tibial dyschondroplasia was identified by a widening of the growth plate with an unresorbed plug of cartilage at the proximal end of the tibia. Control birds were without any femoral or tibial problems. The histopathology of FHSL growth plates revealed occasional chondrocyte death, hypocellularity, dysplasia in the prehypertrophic zones, and the absence of inflammatory infiltrates in the lesion areas. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed brown chromogenic deposits in the metaphyseal bone marrow areas. Blood chemistry of chickens with FHSL showed a modest but significant elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Only cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins were moderately elevated in FHS-affected chickens. Other blood parameters, such as protein, magnesium, and iron levels, showed differential changes in birds with leg problems, but there were no specific trends. Neither blood ovotransferrin, a marker of chronic inflammation, nor corticosterone, a marker of stress, showed any significant differences from the controls. These results indicate that FHS may be a metabolic problem in poultry, one that is related to fat metabolism disorders, possibly contributing to an unbalanced growth in the articular-epiphyseal complex that leads to its separation under sheer stress. C1 [Durairaj, V.; Rasaputra, K.; Rath, N. C.] Univ Arkansas, ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Durairaj, V.; Rasaputra, K.; Clark, F. D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Okimoto, R.] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov FU Cobb- Vantress Inc. (Siloam Springs, AR) FX We thank Scott Zornes, Sonia Tsai, and Dans Bassi for technical assistance and David Cross for histology preparations. This study was partly supported by a grant from Cobb- Vantress Inc. (Siloam Springs, AR). NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WF UT WOS:000264525800004 PM 19431999 ER PT J AU Miller, PJ Estevez, C Yu, QZ Suarez, DL King, DJ AF Miller, Patti J. Estevez, Carlos Yu, Qingzhong Suarez, David L. King, Daniel J. TI Comparison of Viral Shedding Following Vaccination with Inactivated and Live Newcastle Disease Vaccines Formulated with Wild-Type and Recombinant Viruses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE APMV-1; NDV; Newcastle disease; vaccine; poultry ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE GENE; FOWLPOX VIRUS; TERMINAL REPEATS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; NORTH-AMERICA; FUSION GENE; V4 STRAIN; CHICKENS; GLYCOPROTEINS; PROTECTION AB Virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates from the 1971 and 2002 U. S. outbreaks are of the same serotype but a different genotype than current vaccine strains. Prior experiments with inactivated vaccines in chickens show significantly less virus shed in birds vaccinated with a homologous vaccine (same genotype as challenge) compared to chickens vaccinated with genotypically heterologous vaccines. Subsequent experiments have compared the protection induced in chickens by live vaccines of B1 and LaSota (genotype II), Ulster (genotype I), and recombinant viruses that express the hemagglutinin neuraminidase gene (HN) or the HN and fusion gene (F) of CA 2002 (genotype V). Vaccinates were challenged with virulent viruses CA 2002 (genotype V) or Texas GB (TXGB, genotype II). After challenge with CA 2002 the birds vaccinated with a live recombinant genotype V virus containing the HN of CA 2002 shed significantly less virus in oropharyngeal swabs compared to B1 and had fewer birds shedding virus compared to B1, LaSota, and Ulster vaccinates. After challenge with CA 2002 birds vaccinated with the recombinant containing both the HN and F of CA 2002 (rA-CAFHN) shed less virus, and fewer birds shed virus compared to LaSota-vaccinated birds. TXGB-challenged LaSota-vaccinated birds shed less virus, and fewer birds shed virus compared to TXGB-challenged rA-CAFHN-vaccinated birds. Genotypic differences between vaccine and challenge did not diminish ability of vaccines to protect against disease, but genotypic similarity did reduce virus shed and may reduce transmission. The development and use of vaccines of the same genotype as the expected field challenge may provide an additional tool for control of this important poultry pathogen. C1 [Miller, Patti J.; Estevez, Carlos; Yu, Qingzhong; Suarez, David L.; King, Daniel J.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP King, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jack.king@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [6612-32000-049-00D] FX We would like to thank Tim Olivier, Suzanne DeBlois, Aniko Zsak, Roger Brock, and Dr. Mia Kim for their assistance with these studies. USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-049-00D supported this research. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WF UT WOS:000264525800007 PM 19432002 ER PT J AU Register, KB Kunkle, RA AF Register, Karen B. Kunkle, Robert A. TI Strain-Specific Virulence of Bordetella hinzii in Poultry SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bordetella hinzii; virulence; turkey; chicken ID RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; SP-NOV; AVIUM; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; CHICKENS; BACTERIA; TURKEYS; CORYZA; AGENT AB Bordetella hinzii is commonly acquired from the respiratory tract of diseased poultry but is generally regarded as nonpathogenic in avian hosts because attempts to demonstrate disease following experimental infection of chickens and turkeys have failed. Recently, with the availability of highly specific DNA-based methods for identification of this agent, it was recognized that some isolates used in previous studies were misidentified at the time of their acquisition as Bordetella avium, B. avium-like, or Alcaligenes faecalis type II, including a subset reported to cause disease in turkey poults. In this study six strains of B. hinzii, genetically distinct and representing all known host species, were evaluated for their ability to colonize and cause disease in turkeys following intranasal administration. Although five strains were able to colonize the tracheas of turkey poults, only a subset induced clinical signs of disease, B. hinzii-specific antibodies, or tracheal lesions. The sixth isolate was undetectable in tracheal swabs obtained 1 or 2 weeks postinfection. Birds of this group displayed no clinical signs and minimal tracheal lesions. All remained B. hinzii seronegative. Three of the six strains, differing in their capacity to colonize and/or cause disease in turkeys, were used to infect chicks intranasally. Only one was able to colonize the trachea but did not induce tracheal lesions. No clinical signs of disease were observed in any chick. These results demonstrate that some strains of B. hinzii are virulent in turkey poults and may asymptomatically colonize chicks, and suggest this agent may be of concern to poultry producers. C1 [Register, Karen B.] ARS, USDA, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kunkle, Robert A.] ARS, USDA, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Karen.Register@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WF UT WOS:000264525800008 PM 19432003 ER PT J AU Dudnikova, E Vlasov, A Norkina, S Kireev, D Witter, RL AF Dudnikova, Ekaterina Vlasov, Anatoly Norkina, Svetlana Kireev, Dmitry Witter, Richard L. TI Factors Influencing the Attenuation of Serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus by Serial Cell Culture Passage and Evaluation of Attenuated Strains for Protection and Replication SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; virus; attenuation; protection; replication; virus load; vaccine; chicken ID VIRULENT PLUS STRAIN; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; CONFERS PROTECTION; VACCINE VIRUSES; BAMHI-H; CVI 988; HERPESVIRUS; PATHOGENICITY; CHALLENGE; PATHOTYPE AB This study was carried out to better understand factors that influenced the process of attenuation of Marek's disease (MD) virus by serial passage in cell cultures. Three virulent (v) pathotype and three very virulent plus (vv+) pathotype strains were passed by three techniques up to 131 times, and the passage level at attenuation was determined. The 18 attenuated or partially attenuated viruses were evaluated for protection against challenge with virulent MD virus, and the virus load (latent infection) in blood lymphocytes at 14-21 days postvaccination was determined. Viral pathotype strongly influenced the rate of attenuation. The mean passage level at attenuation for v and vv+ strains was 74 and >109, respectively. Full attenuation was achieved for nine of nine passage series with v pathotype strains but for only four of nine passage series with vv+ pathotype strains. Time to attenuation was not significantly influenced by multiplicity of infection at passage or by cell type, although a possible advantage of alternate high-and low-multiplicity passage was noted. Protection was not significantly influenced by pathotype or time to attenuation. Protection varied from 50% to 95% for the 18 passaged virus preparations; six attenuated viruses provided high protection that did not differ from that of the prototype Rispens strain. Virus load was not influenced by pathotype or by passage strategy and showed no positive correlation with protection. In several cases the most protective vaccines had the least virus load. This finding differs from previous reports and warrants further study. Variation among different strains within the same pathotype was documented for attenuation rate, protection, and virus load. Also, variation was evident when the same strain was passaged by different strategies, probably reflecting random changes during serial passage. Strain 596A (v pathotype) was the first to become attenuated, provided the best protection, and had one of the lowest virus loads. In contrast, strain 617A (v pathotype) provided the least protection and had one of the highest virus loads. Such strains provide fertile opportunities for further study. C1 [Dudnikova, Ekaterina; Vlasov, Anatoly; Norkina, Svetlana; Kireev, Dmitry] DI Ivanovskii Inst Virol, NARVAC Res & Dev, Moscow 123098, Russia. [Witter, Richard L.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dudnikova, E (reprint author), DI Ivanovskii Inst Virol, NARVAC Res & Dev, Gamalei St 16, Moscow 123098, Russia. EM dudnikova@narvac.com NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WF UT WOS:000264525800010 PM 19432005 ER PT J AU Zsak, L Strother, KO Day, JM AF Zsak, Laszlo Strother, Keith O. Day, J. Michael TI Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Procedure for Detection of Chicken and Turkey Parvoviruses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE parvovirus; PCR; chicken; turkey; poultry; enteric disease ID POULT ENTERITIS COMPLEX; NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; ORIGIN REOVIRUSES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; STUNTING SYNDROME; BROILER-CHICKENS; HUMAN BOCAVIRUS; VIRUS; ASTROVIRUS; INFECTIONS AB Comparative sequence analysis of six independent chicken and turkey parvovirus nonstructural (NS) genes revealed specific genomic regions with 100% nucleotide sequence identity. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers targeting these conserved genome sequences proved to be highly specific and sensitive to detecting parvoviruses in experimentally infected chickens. In a nationwide survey, a total of 138 field enteric samples from poultry flocks were tested by PCR for parvovirus presence. Of the tested chicken samples that were collected in 54 farms, 77% showed the presence of parvovirus, while 78% of the turkey samples that were received from 29 farms were parvovirus positive. For the first time, our data clearly demonstrate that parvoviruses are widely distributed in commercial poultry flocks in the United States. The high prevalence of parvovirus infection in birds from enteric disease-affected flocks suggests a potential role of these viruses in the etiology of enteric disease of poultry. Phylogenetic analyses comparing NS gene segments showed that most of the chicken and turkey parvovirus isolates formed separate phylogenetic groups. These findings suggest that the chicken and turkey parvoviruses might have diverged from a common ancestor and have subsequently undergone host-specific adaptation. C1 [Zsak, Laszlo; Strother, Keith O.; Day, J. Michael] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Zsak, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM laszlo.zsak@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WF UT WOS:000264525800013 PM 19432008 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT AF Brooks, Robert T. TI Habitat-associated and temporal patterns of bat activity in a diverse forest landscape of southern New England, USA SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Acoustic survey; AnaBat; Aquatic habitats; Bat survey; Forest management; Linear habitats; Timber harvest ID INSECTIVOROUS BATS; COASTAL-PLAIN; STRUCTURAL CLUTTER; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; FOOD ABUNDANCE; BROWN BATS; ECHOLOCATION; CAROLINA AB The development and use of acoustic recording technology, surveys have revealed the composition, relative levels of activity, and preliminary habitat use of bat communities of various forest locations. However, detailed examinations of acoustic surveys results to investigate temporal patterns of bat activity are rare. Initial active acoustic surveys of bat activity on the Quabbin Reservoir watershed in central Massachusetts recorded high numbers of call sequences by five bat species. The results showed the importance of aquatic and open habitats for bats in this diverse forest landscape. Because the preliminary surveys were restricted in extent (habitats), number (replicates), and duration (active surveys only, limited number of repeated surveys), the authors strongly recommended more comprehensive and extensive surveys of bat activity on the area. This paper reports the results of active (manual) and passive (automated) acoustic bat activity surveys in three replicates of ten habitats, conducted three to four times per year over the course of the study between 2004 and 2006. Over the full study, 2,800 actively-recorded 37,632 passively-recorded call sequences were examined and identified to species when possible. General patterns in activity did not differ by habitat between the two survey methods. Call sequences were recorded more often in open, especially aquatic habitats than in cluttered habitats. The use of passive surveys allowed for the assessment of temporal patterns of activity and an analysis of the relationship between ambient temperature and activity. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 201 Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rtbrooks@fs.fed.us RI Brooks, Robert/E-9955-2011 NR 51 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 529 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s10531-008-9518-x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 407GS UT WOS:000263352200003 ER PT J AU David, MB Del Grosso, SJ Hu, XT Marshall, EP McIsaac, GF Parton, WJ Tonitto, C Youssef, MA AF David, Mark B. Del Grosso, Stephen J. Hu, Xuetao Marshall, Elizabeth P. McIsaac, Gregory F. Parton, William J. Tonitto, Christina Youssef, Mohamed A. TI Modeling denitrification in a tile-drained, corn and soybean agroecosystem of Illinois, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Denitrification Modeling Across Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Systems CY NOV 28-30, 2006 CL Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Dentirificat Res Coordinat Network HO Inst Ecosyst Studies DE Crop yields; Mollisol; N(2)O; Nitrate; Soil moisture ID WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; GENERALIZED-MODEL; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SIMULATION-MODEL; FIELD-EVALUATION; GAS EMISSIONS AB Denitrification is known as an important pathway for nitrate loss in agroecosystems. It is important to estimate denitrification fluxes to close field and watershed N mass balances, determine greenhouse gas emissions (N(2)O), and help constrain estimates of other major N fluxes (e.g., nitrate leaching, mineralization, nitrification). We compared predicted denitrification estimates for a typical corn and soybean agroecosystem on a tile drained Mollisol from five models (DAYCENT, SWAT, EPIC, DRAINMOD-N II and two versions of DNDC, 82a and 82h), after first calibrating each model to crop yields, water flux, and nitrate leaching. Known annual crop yields and daily flux values (water, nitrate-N) for 1993-2006 were provided, along with daily environmental variables (air temperature, precipitation) and soil characteristics. Measured denitrification fluxes were not available. Model output for 1997-2006 was then compared for a range of annual, monthly and daily fluxes. Each model was able to estimate corn and soybean yields accurately, and most did well in estimating riverine water and nitrate-N fluxes (1997-2006 mean measured nitrate-N loss 28 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), model range 21-28 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)). Monthly patterns in observed riverine nitrate-N flux were generally reflected in model output (r (2) values ranged from 0.51 to 0.76). Nitrogen fluxes that did not have corresponding measurements were quite variable across the models, including 10-year average denitrification estimates, ranging from 3.8 to 21 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) and substantial variability in simulated soybean N(2) fixation, N harvest, and the change in soil organic N pools. DNDC82a and DAYCENT gave comparatively low estimates of total denitrification flux (3.8 and 5.6 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), respectively) with similar patterns controlled primarily by moisture. DNDC82h predicted similar fluxes until 2003, when estimates were abruptly much greater. SWAT and DRAINMOD predicted larger denitrification fluxes (about 17-18 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) with monthly values that were similar. EPIC denitrification was intermediate between all models (11 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)). Predicted daily fluxes during a high precipitation year (2002) varied considerably among models regardless of whether the models had comparable annual fluxes for the years. Some models predicted large denitrification fluxes for a few days, whereas others predicted large fluxes persisting for several weeks to months. Modeled denitrification fluxes were controlled mainly by soil moisture status and nitrate available to be denitrified, and the way denitrification in each model responded to moisture status greatly determined the flux. Because denitrification is dependent on the amount of nitrate available at any given time, modeled differences in other components of the N cycle (e.g., N(2) fixation, N harvest, change in soil N storage) no doubt led to differences in predicted denitrification. Model comparisons suggest our ability to accurately predict denitrification fluxes (without known values) from the dominant agroecosystem in the midwestern Illinois is quite uncertain at this time. C1 [David, Mark B.; McIsaac, Gregory F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] USDA ARS, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hu, Xuetao] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Marshall, Elizabeth P.] World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Parton, William J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tonitto, Christina] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Youssef, Mohamed A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP David, MB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, W-503 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Av, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mbdavid@uiuc.edu NR 69 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9273-9 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 416CD UT WOS:000263981900002 ER PT J AU Lewis, LC Bruck, DJ Prasifka, JR Raun, ES AF Lewis, Leslie C. Bruck, Denny J. Prasifka, Jarrad R. Raun, Earle S. TI Nosema pyrausta: Its biology, history, and potential role in a landscape of transgenic insecticidal crops SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Microsporidia; Ostrinia nubilalis; Biological control; Nosema pyrausta ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; PEREZIA-PYRAUSTAE; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; MICROSPORIDIAN PATHOGEN; VAIRIMORPHA-NECATRIX; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA AB Nosema pyrausta, an entomopathogenic microsporidium, is an important population regulator of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. This manuscript is a review of research on the relationships between N. pyrausta and O. nubilalis. N. pyrausta was described from O. nubilalis in Hungary in 1927 and from O. nubilalis in IA in 1950. It affects the basic biology of O. nubilalis by slowing larval development, reducing percentage pupation, and decreasing adult longevity, oviposition and fecundity. Infections are maintained in a population by vertical and horizontal transmission. Success of vertical transmission depends on intensity of infection. Horizontal transmission is dependent on stage of larval development at time of infection, quantity of inoculum, and host density. Abiotic and biotic factors coupled with N. pyrausta usually have an additive effect in decreasing the fitness of O. nubilalis. i.e., cold temperatures reduce fecundity and increase larval mortality, host plant resistance reduces the number of larvae per plant. Also, microbial and chemical insecticides are more effective in reducing plant feeding if the insect is infected with N. pyrausta. Predators in general feed on N. pyrausta-infected O. nubilalis with no decrease in fitness. Parasitoids do coexist with N. pyrausta, however, parasitoid fecundity is usually reduced when developing in a N. pyrausta-infected host. Previously unreported data are presented on the prevalence of N. pyrausta in O. nubilalis populations from many parts of the US. These data demonstrate that N. pyrausta continues to be present and fluctuate in populations of O. nubilalis as it has since its discovery in the US. Also, the dynamics of its presence remain similar through changes in corn production including crop rotations, reduced tillage and transgenic insect-resistant varieties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, Leslie C.; Prasifka, Jarrad R.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bruck, Denny J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Raun, Earle S.] Pest Management Co, Lincoln, NE 68506 USA. RP Lewis, LC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM leslewis@iastate.edu NR 76 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.10.009 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 412QK UT WOS:000263739100001 ER PT J AU Smith, L Cristofaro, M de Lillo, E Monfreda, R Paolini, A AF Smith, Lincoln Cristofaro, Massimo de Lillo, Enrico Monfreda, Rosita Paolini, Alessandra TI Field assessment of host plant specificity and potential effectiveness of a prospective biological control agent, Aceria salsolae, of Russian thistle, Salsola tragus SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Acari; Eriophyidae; Weed control; Chenopodiaceae; Field assay; Nontarget host; Host plant specificity; Kochia; Aceria salsolae; Tumbleweed ID S.L. CHENOPODIACEAE; SEED DISPERSAL; WEED-CONTROL; ACARI; ERIOPHYIDAE; CALIFORNIA; TUMBLEWEEDS; AUSTRALIS; ECOLOGY; SAFETY AB The eriophyid mite, Aceria salsolae de Lillo and Sobhian, is being evaluated as a prospective classical biological control agent of invasive alien tumbleweeds, including Salsola tragus, S. collina, S. paulsenii and S. australis, in North America, Previous laboratory experiments to determine the host specificity of the mite indicated that it could sometimes persist and multiply on some nontarget plants, including Bassia hyssopifolia and B. scoparia. These are both European plants whose geographic range overlaps that of the mite, but the mite has never been observed on them in the field. A field experiment was conducted in Italy to determine if the mite would infest and damage these plants under natural outdoor conditions. The results indicate that this mite does not attain significant populations on these nontarget plants nor does it significantly damage them. Salsola tragus was heavily infested by A. salsolae, and plant size was negatively correlated to the level of infestation. Although S. kali plants were also infested, their size did not appear to be affected by the mites. The other nontarget plants were not as suitable for the mite in the field as in previous laboratory experiments. We conclude that there would be no significant risk to nontarget plants as a result of using A. salsolae as a biological agent to control Salsola species in North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Smith, Lincoln] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Cristofaro, Massimo] ENEA CR Casaccia BIOTEC, I-00123 Santa Maria Di Galeria, RM, Italy. [de Lillo, Enrico; Monfreda, Rosita] Univ Bari, Fac Agr, Entomol & Zool Sect, Dept Biol & Chem Agroforestry & Environm, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Paolini, Alessandra] Biotechnol & Biol Control Agcy, I-00060 Sacrofano, RM, Italy. RP Smith, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM link.smith@ars.usda.gov; massimo.cristofaro@casaccia.enea.it; delillo@agr.uniba.it OI de Lillo, Enrico/0000-0003-0364-4963 FU California Department of Food and Agriculture FX We thank Javid Kashefi, USDA ARS EBCL, Thessaloniki, Greece for assistance to collect mites in Greece; Francesca Lecce and Franca Di Cristina, BBCA, Rome, Italy, for their help in collecting field samples, and for extracting and counting the mites: and Carlo Tronci and Domenico Charetti, ENEA, Rome, Italy for their help with the field plot. The senior author primarily planned the experiment, assisted collection and release of mites, analyzed the results and wrote the manuscript; the second author supervised execution of the field experiment and collected mites for release; the third and fourth authors assisted mite collection, and prepared and identified the mite specimens; and the fifth author collected field samples, and extracted and counted mites. This research was supported in part by a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.11.007 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 412QK UT WOS:000263739100003 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE Mizell, RF Horton, DL Davis, J AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Cottrell, Ted E. Mizell, Russell F., III Horton, Dan L. Davis, Jerry TI A novel approach to biological control with entomopathogenic nematodes: Prophylactic control of the peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis; Peachtree borer; Prophylactic; Steinernema; Synanthedon exitiosa ID STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; WEEVIL; SESIIDAE; MEDIA AB Generally, microbial control agents Such as entomopathogenic nematodes are applied in a curative manner for achieving pest suppression; prophylactic applications are rare. In this study, we determined the ability of two Steinernema carpocapsae strains (All and Hybrid) to prophylactically protect peach trees from damage caused by the peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa, which is a major pest of stone fruit trees in North America. In prior studies, the entomopathogenic nematodes S. carpocapsae and Heteror-habditis bacteriophora caused field suppression when applied in a curative manner to established S. exitiosa populations. In our current study, nematodes were applied three times (at 150,000-300,000 infective juveniles/tree) during September and October of 2005, 2006, and 2007. A control (water only) and a single application of chlorpyrifos (at the labeled rate) were also made each year. The presence of S. exitiosa damage was assessed each year in the spring following the treatment applications. Following applications in 2006, we did not detect any differences among treatments or the control (possibly due to a low and variable S. exitiosa infestation of that orchard). Following applications in 2005 and 2007, however, the nematode and chemical treatments caused significant damage suppression. The percentage of trees with S. exitiosa damage in treated plots ranged from 0% damage in 2005 to 16% in plots treated with S. carpocapsae (Hybrid) in 2007. In control plots damage ranged from 25% (2005) to 41% (2007). Our results indicate that nematodes applied in a preventative manner during S. exitios's oviposition period can reduce insect damage to levels similar to what is achieved with recommended chemical insecticide treatments. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Cottrell, Ted E.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Mizell, Russell F., III] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Quincy, FL USA. [Horton, Dan L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Davis, Jerry] Univ Georgia, Dept Expt Stat, Griffin, GA USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES PMAP [34381-16937] FX The authors thank A, Amis, R. Auman, H. Bartels, W. Evans, K. Halat, G. Lathrop, and C. Paulsen for providing technical assistance. This study was supported in part by USDA-CSREES PMAP (Pest Management Alternative Program) Grant No. 34381-16937. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.10.008 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 412QK UT WOS:000263739100006 ER PT J AU Overholt, WA Markle, L Rosskopf, E Manrique, V Albano, J Cave, E Adkins, S AF Overholt, W. A. Markle, L. Rosskopf, E. Manrique, V. Albano, J. Cave, E. Adkins, S. TI The interactions of tropical soda apple mosaic tobamovirus and Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an introduced biological control agent of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Gratiana boliviana; Tropical soda apple; Solanum viarum; Tropical soda apple mosaic virus TSAMV; Plant pathogen/insect herbivore interactions ID HOST-PLANT QUALITY; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; VIRUS-INFECTION; SOYBEAN GROWTH; FLORIDA; TOMATO; PERFORMANCE; BEETLE; TRANSMISSION; SOLANACEAE AB Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae) is a South American invasive plant of rangelands, pastures and natural areas in Florida. A chrysomelid beetle from South America, Gratiana boliviana Spaeth, has been released at >300 locations in Florida for biological control of tropical soda apple since 2003. Tropical soda apple is a host of several plant viruses, including the newly described tropical soda apple mosaic virus (TSAMV). We investigated the influence of TSAMV infection of tropical soda apple plants on developmental time, leaf tissue consumption, longevity, fecundity, and feeding preference of G. boliviana, and also tested transmission of the virus by the beetle. Developmental time was approximately 10% slower, and adults consumed only about 50% as much leaf tissue, for beetles fed on infected plants compared to uninfected plants. Longevity did not differ between females reared on infected and uninfected plants, but females fed on uninfected plants produced 71% more eggs than those fed on infected plants. Adult G. boliviana preferentially fed on uninfected plants when given a choice. There was no evidence of TSAMV transmission by G. boliviana. The potential impacts of TSAMV infection on the effectiveness of G. boliviana as a biological control agent are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Overholt, W. A.; Markle, L.; Manrique, V.; Cave, E.] Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Rosskopf, E.; Albano, J.; Adkins, S.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Overholt, WA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM billover@ufl.edu FU Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services FX The authors wish to thank Rodrigo Diaz, Jackie Markle, Ana Clariza Samayoa, and Ben Anuforom at the University of Florida's Biological Control Research and Containment Laboratory, and Carrie Vanderpool, Shannon Clark, Nicole Miller, Chris Lasser, Ryan Hamm, and Marcus Martinez, at the USDA/ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory for technical assistance in conducting laboratory experiments. This work was funded through a grant from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.10.018 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 412QK UT WOS:000263739100012 ER PT J AU Oi, DH Porter, SD Valles, SM Briano, JA Calcaterra, LA AF Oi, David H. Porter, Sanford D. Valles, Steven M. Briano, Juan A. Calcaterra, Luis A. TI Pseudacteon decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae): Are they potential vectors of the fire ant pathogens Kneallhazia (=Thelohania) solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) and Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporidia: Burenellidae)? SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; Red imported fire ant; Pseudacteon; Phorid fly; Biological control; Parasite; Pathogen; Entomopathogen; Microsporidia; Vector ID CURVATUS DIPTERA; NOSEMA-PYRAUSTA; MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII; FORMICIDAE COLONIES; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; MULTIPLEX PCR; HYMENOPTERA; IMPACT; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION AB Fire ant decapitating flies in the genus Pseudacteon were tested for their potential as hosts or vectors of two microsporidian pathogens of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Decapitating flies that attacked or were reared from S. invicta workers infected by Kneallhazia (=Thelohania) solenopsae or Vairimorpha invictae were tested for either pathogen by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests or visual examination for spores using phase microscopy. Three species of fire ant decapitating flies acquired the pathogen, Kneallhazia solenopsae. K. solenopsae was detected in 58% of pooled samples of Pseudacteon obtusus flies and 44% of pooled samples of Pseudacteon cultellatus that developed in K. solenopsae-infected fire ant workers. K. solenopsae was also found in 17% of pooled samples of field-collected Pseudacteon curvatus. In contrast, the microsporidium V. invictae was not detected in P. obtusus reared from V. invictae-infected S. invicta workers. Neither K. solenopsae nor V. invictae were detected in any of the hovering or ovipositing flies in the laboratory exposures, indicating no mechanical acquisition of the microsporidia occurred during oviposition activity. Greater than 92% of the P. obtusus that developed in K. solenopsae-infected ants survived and emerged as adults, thus indicating no detrimental effects of the microsporidium on pupal development and emergence. These results indicate that Pseudacteon decapitating flies may be able to vector K. solenopsae but not V. invictae among fire ants. Further tests are planned to determine if flies containing K. solenopsae are capable of transferring this pathogen either during oviposition or by being consumed by fire ant larvae. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Oi, David H.; Porter, Sanford D.; Valles, Steven M.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Briano, Juan A.; Calcaterra, Luis A.] USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Oi, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM david.oi@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.11.003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 412QK UT WOS:000263739100014 ER PT J AU Rentch, J Fajvan, MA Evans, RA Onken, B AF Rentch, James Fajvan, Mary Ann Evans, Richard A. Onken, Brad TI Using dendrochronology to model hemlock woolly adelgid effects on eastern hemlock growth and vulnerability SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Hemlock woolly adelgid; Adelges tsugae; Tsuga canadensis; Dendrochronology; Multiple logistic model; Hemlock decline ID TSUGA-CANADENSIS L.; DELAWARE RIVER-BASIN; MAPLE ACER-SACCHARUM; NEW-ENGLAND; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FOREST RESPONSE; STANDS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IMPACTS AB This study examined the relationship between eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) crown condition and changes in radial growth associated with infestation by hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae) (HWA). Tree-ring chronologies of eastern hemlock were used to develop a binomial decline index based on three consecutive years of below average growth. Radial growth decline was modeled, using logistic regression, as a function of an extensive array of tree, crown, and site variables that were collected over an 11 year period in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Some site-related variables such as site-location and aspect were significantly related to decline probabilities when considered individually. However, the total proportion of response variance accounted for was low, and the only site variable included in the final model was mean plot-level HWA infestation level. For every 1% increase in mean percent HWA infestation per plot, there was an 8% increase in the likelihood that a tree would be classified as being in decline. Tree crown variables such as live crown ratio, crown density, and the modified ZB(adj) index, a combination of foliage transparency and branch dieback, had the most explanatory power, both individually and in the final model. These crown variables were relatively accurate predictors of the degree of hemlock growth decline during HWA infestation. C1 [Rentch, James] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Fajvan, Mary Ann] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Evans, Richard A.] Natl Pk Serv, Delaware Water Gap Natl Recreat Area, Milford, PA 18337 USA. [Onken, Brad] Forest Serv State & Private Forestry, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Fajvan, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jrentch2@wvu.edu; mfajvan@fs.fed.us; richard_evans@nps.gov; bonken@fs.fed.us RI Rentch, James/A-7556-2009 FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hamden, CT [05-JV-11242328-102] FX This project was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hamden, CT, Award No. 05-JV-11242328-102. Data for the analysis is the result of an ongoing study and collaboration between the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area and Northern Research Station, Morgantown, WV, Field Offices, and the USDI National Park Service, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Desta Fekedulegn provided invaluable assistance with statistical analysis. Field data collection and technical assistance were provided by Dave Feicht, Karen Felton, John Juracko, Matt Seese, Jeff Shreiner, and Brian Simpson. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 551 EP 563 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9270-x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404CJ UT WOS:000263128000007 ER PT J AU Karberg, NJ Lilleskov, EA AF Karberg, Noah J. Lilleskov, Erik A. TI White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fecal pellet decomposition is accelerated by the invasive earthworm Lumbricus terrestris SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Calcium; C:N ratio; European nightcrawler (Lumbricus terrestris); Fecal pellets; White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; TEMPERATE FORESTS; SOIL; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; MINNESOTA; PATTERNS; USA AB Exotic European earthworms have expanded into worm-free forests of the United States. Concurrently, populations of the white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, have also increased. During winter, deer use hemlock stands for cover while browsing elsewhere, creating a net organic matter flux into these stands. Deer fecal pellets can provide annual inputs of 48.1 kg C, 1.4 kg N, and 1.3 kg Ca per hectare. We tested the hypothesis that these pellets were readily consumed by invading earthworms. The litter-feeding anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris redistributed fecal pellets and accelerated mass and nutrient loss rates. These losses are likely due to the combination of enhanced fragmentation and decomposition as earthworms drag pellets into their burrows for consumption. This nutrient subsidy may be an important source of high quality "litter" input to hemlock stands, which may in turn facilitate the invasion of these stands by earthworms under high deer densities. C1 [Karberg, Noah J.; Lilleskov, Erik A.] S Forest Serv, Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Karberg, Noah J.; Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Lilleskov, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM elilleskov@fs.fed.us FU Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This work was funded by the Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation and the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 761 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9290-6 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404CJ UT WOS:000263128000026 ER PT J AU Koehler, AVA Hoberg, EP Dokuchaev, NE Tranbenkova, NA Whitman, JS Nagorsen, DW Cook, JA AF Koehler, Anson V. A. Hoberg, Eric P. Dokuchaev, Nikolai E. Tranbenkova, Nina A. Whitman, Jackson S. Nagorsen, David W. Cook, Joseph A. TI Phylogeography of a Holarctic nematode, Soboliphyme baturini, among mustelids: climate change, episodic colonization, and diversification in a complex host-parasite system SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Beringia; Canada; COI; Martes; ND4; Siberia ID COLLARED LEMMINGS DICROSTONYX; PARANOPLOCEPHALA SPP. CESTODA; NORTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MARTEN MARTES-AMERICANA; BERING LAND-BRIDGE; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; ANOPLOCEPHALIDAE AB Phylogeography of Soboliphyme baturini, a nematode parasite in mustelids, is explored across Beringia. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 genes were evaluated from 37 S. baturini, representing 19 localities throughout Alaska, Canada, and Siberia. A total of 30 haplotypes was recovered and maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of a single species with a distribution extending from the Palearctic to the Nearctic. Within S. baturini, a host-specific partition in North America between Martes caurina and Martes americana was not identified. Instead, substantial geographic structure within S. baturini relates to the dynamic geological history of this northern region and especially the North Pacific Coast. Beringia and other coastal refugia along the western margin of North America played a large role during stadial maxima in the persistence and divergence of the parasite. Repeated events for biotic expansion and geographic colonization across the Bering Land Bridge and the Holarctic during glacial maxima in the Pleistocene appear to have facilitated at least two episodes of host-switching of this nematode among mustelids in populations now distributed in eastern Beringia. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 651-663. C1 [Koehler, Anson V. A.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Problems N, Far Eastern Branch, Magadan, Russia. [Tranbenkova, Nina A.] Kamchatka Inst Ecol & Nat Management, Petropavlovsk, Russia. [Whitman, Jackson S.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Nagorsen, David W.] Mammalia Biol Consulting, Victoria, BC V9C 3Z4, Canada. RP Koehler, AVA (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Zool, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM ansonkoehler@gmail.com RI Dokuchaev, Nikolai/B-1624-2017; OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670; Koehler, Anson/0000-0001-8330-6416 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0196095, 0415668]; National Park Service; USDA Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of New Mexico FX Specimens of adult Soboliphyme abei in a long-clawed shrew (S. unguiculatus) were provided by M. Asakawa of Japan. We thank D. W. Duszynski, S. V. Brant, Kurt E. Galbreath, M. Fleming, and F. Torres-Perez for their helpful comments. Host material was kindly provided by M. Fleming, D. Hatler, K. Marsh, E. Crain, R. Popko, T. Seaton, E. Lofroth, N. Panter, H. Schwantje, and R. Flynn. Technical support with laboratory procedures was provided by S. Brant, J. Dragoo, D. Zarlenga, B. Rosenthal, S. Nadler, F. Torres-Perez, M. Esteva, M. Taylor, B. Hyman, S. Tang, B. Hanelt, M. Steinauer, C. Adema, and G. Rosenberg. Special thanks to T. Orr, N. Dawson, S. O. MacDonald, and other members of the Cook Laboratory and the Biology Molecular Core Facility. This research is a contribution of the Beringian Coevolution Project funded by the National Science Foundation through grants from the Biotic Survey and Inventory program (DEB 0196095 and 0415668). Further funding was provided by the National Park Service, USDA Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service and the University of New Mexico (SRAC and GRAC). NR 80 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 96 IS 3 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01145.x PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 411UX UT WOS:000263678300013 ER PT J AU El-Nashaar, HM Banowetz, GM Griffith, SM Casler, MD Vogel, KP AF El-Nashaar, H. M. Banowetz, G. M. Griffith, S. M. Casler, M. D. Vogel, K. P. TI Genotypic variability in mineral composition of switchgrass SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Biomass feedstock; Silica; Thermochemical ID X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; BIOMASS ENERGY CROP; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; SOUTHERN ENGLAND; POPULATIONS; COMBUSTION; HARVEST; YIELD; USA; FEEDSTOCK AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm season perennial grass with great potential as an energy crop in the USA. it is widely adapted to many regions of the country, produces large amounts of biomass, serves as a Useful forage grass, and provides ecosystem services that benefit soil and water quality and wildlife. Biological and thermochemical technologies are being developed to convert herbaceous biomass, including switchgrass, to energy. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of genotype and production environment on the concentration of minerals that affect the suitability of switchgrass for thermochemical conversion and to quantify the amount of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) removed from the production system by harvest of the aboveground biomass, a measure of the sustainability of the practice. Straw dry biomass contained from 1.3 to 6.4 kg Mg(-1) and from 6.2 to 15.8 kg Mg (1) of P and K, respectively. Variability in aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), K. P, silicon (Si), and sulfur (S) concentrations across locations was relatively high, ranging from twofold (Al) to eightfold (Cl). Location had a strong impact on mineral concentrations among switchgrass genotypes evaluated in this study. Latitude of origin impacted the Cl and Si concentrations measured in plant tissues, but none of the other minerals analyzed in this study. Upland and lowland cytotypes explained some of the observed differences, but population x location interactions were the primary source of variability in the concentration of these minerals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [El-Nashaar, H. M.; Banowetz, G. M.; Griffith, S. M.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Casler, M. D.] USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vogel, K. P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1809 EP 1814 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.058 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 398AT UT WOS:000262704300017 PM 19019672 ER PT J AU Tranel, PJ Horvath, DP AF Tranel, Patrick J. Horvath, David P. TI Molecular Biology and Genomics: New Tools for Weed Science SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herbicides; transgenic crops; biological control; allelopathy; biotechnology ID WATERHEMP AMARANTHUS-TUBERCULATUS; GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT CROPS; HERBICIDE-RESISTANCE; FIELD CONDITIONS; LOLIUM-PERENNE; LEAFY SPURGE; HYBRIDIZATION; MICROARRAYS; HYBRIDUS; MARKERS AB Sonic plant species are particularly well adapted to environments disturbed by humans. Often such species are invasive and problematic, and thus are classified as weeds. Despite our best efforts to manage weeds, they continue to interfere with crop production. There is clearly much to learn about weeds, information that could aid in weed management and improve competitiveness in nonweedy species. The tools of molecular biology have been enlisted in ongoing efforts to manage weeds, most notably in the development and commercialization of crop plains tailored to resist certain herbicides. Molecular biology also has been used to gain a better understanding of how weeds compete and interact with neighboring plants, survive harsh environmental conditions, and evolve resistance to the herbicides used to control them. The next generation of molecular biology tools, such as genomic resources, may yield novel weed management strategies and shed new light on what makes plants weedy. C1 [Tranel, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Horvath, David P.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND USA. RP Tranel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tranel@illinois.edu; david.horvath@ars.usda.gov OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691; Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564 NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2009 VL 59 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.3.5 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 414KV UT WOS:000263863400005 ER PT J AU Okin, GS Parsons, AJ Wainwright, J Herrick, JE Bestelmeyer, BT Peters, DC Fredrickson, EL AF Okin, Gregory S. Parsons, Anthony J. Wainwright, John Herrick, Jeffrey E. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Peters, Debra C. Fredrickson, Ed L. TI Do Changes in Connectivity Explain Desertification? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE desertification; connectivity; erosion; fire; vegetation dynamics ID HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; WIND EROSION; MOJAVE DESERT; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; SEMIARID LANDSCAPES; AEOLIAN PROCESSES; VEGETATION COVER; TIME SCALES; RUNOFF AB Arid and semiarid regions cover more than 40% of Earths land surface. Desertification, or broadscale land degradation in drylands, is a major environmental hazard facing inhabitants of the world's deserts as well as an important component of global change. There is no unifying framework that simply and effectively explains different forms of desertification. In this article, we argue for the unifying concept that diverse forms of desertification, and its remediation, are driven by changes in the length of connected pathways for the movement of fire, water, and soil resources. Biophysical feedbacks increase the length of connected pathways, explaining the persistence of desertified landscapes around the globe. Management of connectivity in the context of environmental and socioeconomic change is essential to understanding, and potentially reversing, the harmful effects of desertification. C1 [Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Parsons, Anthony J.; Wainwright, John] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Peters, Debra C.; Fredrickson, Ed L.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Okin, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM okin@ucla.edu RI parsons, anthony/E-3608-2010; Wainwright, John/E-1425-2012; OI parsons, anthony/0000-0002-6730-5031; Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Environmental Biology [0720218, 0717448]; NSF Long Term Ecological Research [DEB-0618210] FX This research was supported by NSF-DEB grants 0720218 and 0717448 from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Environmental Biology and grant DEB-0618210 from the NSF Long Term Ecological Research program. We also thank the reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 62 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 7 U2 57 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2009 VL 59 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.3.8 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 414KV UT WOS:000263863400008 ER PT J AU Shepherd, CT Scottt, MP AF Shepherd, Colin T. Scottt, M. Paul TI Construction and evaluation of a maize (Zea mays) chimaeric promoter with activity in kernel endosperm and embryo SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chimaeric (27 kDa gamma-zein + Globulin-1) promoter; kernel embryo; kernel endosperm; maize (Zea mays); recombinant protein expression; transgene ID TRANSGENIC MAIZE; GENE-EXPRESSION; GLB1 GENE; SEED; PROTEIN; PLANTS; ELEMENTS; MOTIF; PCR; ABA AB Chimaeric promoters contain DNA sequences from different promoters. Chimaeric promoters are developed to increase the level of recombinant protein expression, to precisely control transgene activity or to combat homology-based gene silencing. Sets of chimaeric promoters, each containing different lengths of DNA from maize (Zea mays) 27zn (27 kDa gamma-zein) endosperm-specific promoter and the Gib 1 (Globulin-1) embryo-specific promoter were created and tested in a transient expression assay of GFP (green fluorescent protein). Promoter fragments with the highest activity were combined to create the chimaeric promoter A27znGlb1. In the context of the chimaeric promoter, the selected Glb1 promoter fragment was necessary and sufficient to activate expression in embryo tissue and was functionally equivalent to the native Glb1 promoter. Similarly, the selected 27zn promoter fragment in the chimaeric promoter was necessary and sufficient to activate expression in endosperm tissue and was functionally equivalent to the native 27zn promoter. Maize transgenic plants containing the A27znGlb1 chimaeric promoter fused to GFP were produced to characterize this promoter in vivo. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR was used to determine that the promoter was active in the embryo, endosperm, pericarp and immature leaf tissues. GFP activity in plants containing the chimaeric promoter was not significantly different in endosperm than the activity of GFP fused to the full-length 27zn promoter, nor was it different in embryo from the activity of G FP fused to the full-length Glb1 promoter. Transgene copy numbers were shown to be between 4 and 12 copies in different events. C1 [Scottt, M. Paul] Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shepherd, Colin T.] Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scottt, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pscott@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service FX C. T S. was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service special appropriation 'Plant Biotechnology lowa'. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 52 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1042/BA20070269 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 416ZJ UT WOS:000264043800008 PM 18627354 ER PT J AU King, BC Donnelly, MK Bergstrom, GC Walker, LP Gibson, DM AF King, Brian C. Donnelly, Marie K. Bergstrom, Gary C. Walker, Larry P. Gibson, Donna M. TI An Optimized Microplate Assay System for Quantitative Evaluation of Plant Cell Wall-Degrading Enzyme Activity of Fungal Culture Extracts SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bioethanol; biomass conversion; cellulase; cell wall hydrolysis; high throughput screening; plant pathogens ID FILTER-PAPER ASSAY; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; CELLULASE ACTIVITY; HYPOCREA-JECORINA; REDUCING SUGARS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; THERMOBIFIDA-FUSCA; PATHOGENIC FUNGI AB Developing enzyme cocktails for cellulosic biomass hydrolysis complementary to current cellulase systems is a critical step needed for economically viable biofuels production. Recent genomic analysis indicates that sonic plant pathogenic fungi are likely a largely untapped resource in which to prospect for novel hydrolytic enzymes for biomass conversion. In order to develop high throughput screening assays for enzyme bioprospecting, a standardized microplate assay was developed for rapid analysis of polysaccharide hydrolysis by fungal extracts, incorporating biomass substrates. Fungi were grown for 10 days on cellulose- or switchgrass-containing media to produce enzyme extracts for analysis. Reducing Sugar released from filter paper, Avicel, corn stalk, switchgrass, carboxymethyl-cellulose, and arabinoxylan was quantified using a miniaturized colorimetric assay based on 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Significant interactions were identified among fungal species, growth media composition, assay substrate, and temperature. Within a small sampling of plant pathogenic fungi, some extracts had crude activities comparable to or greater than T. reesei, particularly when assayed at lower temperatures and on biomass substrates. This microplate assay system should prove useful for high-throughput bioprospecting for new Sources of novel enzymes for biofuel production. C1 [King, Brian C.; Bergstrom, Gary C.; Gibson, Donna M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Donnelly, Marie K.; Walker, Larry P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gibson, Donna M.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gibson, DM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dmg6@cornell.edu RI King, Brian/K-2021-2016 OI King, Brian/0000-0003-3954-5190 FU Cornell University, the Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology; USDA-ARS; New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation (NYSTAR) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the members of the Walker, Bergstrom and Gibson laboratories for their assistance and support. Francoise M. Vermeylen, Walter T. Federer, and the Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit provided invaluable assistance with experimental design and statistical analysis. Funding for BCK was provided by Cornell University, the Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, and the USDA-ARS. Funding for MKD was provided by the New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation (NYSTAR). NR 72 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 51 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1044 DI 10.1002/bit.22151 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 404EZ UT WOS:000263135000008 PM 18973283 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Lin, R AF Cao, Heping Lin, Rui TI Quantitative Evaluation of His-Tag Purification and Immunoprecipitation of Tristetraprolin and its Mutant Proteins from Transfected Human Cells SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE His-tag purification; immunoprecipitation; in vivo radiolabeling; phosphorylation site; site-directed mutagenesis; tristetraprolin; zinc finger protein ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MESSENGER-RNA DECAY; MOUSE 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RECOMBINANT TRISTETRAPROLIN; BINDING PROPERTIES; TNF-ALPHA; ELEMENT; SITE AB Histidine (His)-tag is widely used for affinity purification of recombinant proteins, but the yield and purity of expressed proteins are quite different. Little information is available about quantitative evaluation of this procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate His-tag procedure quantitatively and to compare it with immunoprecipitation using radiolabeled tristetraprolin (TTP), a zinc finger protein with anti-inflammatory property. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transfected with wild-type and nine mutant plasmids with single or multiple phosphorylation site mutation(s) in His-TTP. These proteins were expressed and mainly localized in the cytosol of transfected cells by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. His-TTP proteins were purified by Ni-NTA beads with imidazole elution, or precipitated by TTP antibodies from transfected cells after being labeled with [(32)P]-orthophosphate. The results showed that (1) His-tag purification was more effective than immunoprecipitation for TTP purification; (2) mutations in TTP increased the yield of His-TTP by both purification procedures; and (3) mutations in TTP increased the binding affinity of mutant proteins for Ni-NTA beads. These findings suggest that bioengineering phosphorylation sites in proteins can increase the production of recombinant proteins. (C) 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 25: 461-467, 2009 C1 [Cao, Heping] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cao, Heping; Lin, Rui] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM peacetd2003@yahoo.com; ruilin@peacetd.com FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; USDA-ARS Human Nutrition Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and USDA-ARS Human Nutrition Research Program. The authors thank Dr. Perry J. Blackshear (NIEHS/NIH) for his generous support, Dr. Wi S. Lai for the wild-type and S197A mutant TTP plasmids, Ms. Elizabeth A. Kennington (NIH/NIEHS) for her assistance on radiolabelling, and Dr. Joseph F. Urban Jr. (USDA/ARS) for his helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1021/bp.121 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 438RI UT WOS:000265572700020 PM 19330843 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS Space, JC Thomas, PA AF Denslow, Julie S. Space, James C. Thomas, Philip A. TI Invasive Exotic Plants in the Tropical Pacific Islands: Patterns of Diversity SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE biogeography; habitat heterogeneity; Hawaii; PIER; socioeconomic ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ALIEN PLANTS; DELIBERATE INTRODUCTIONS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; HURRICANE DISTURBANCE; NATURE-RESERVES; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Oceanic islands are good model systems with which to explore factors affecting exotic species diversity. Islands vary in size, topography, substrate type, degree of isolation, native species diversity, history, human population characteristics, and economic development. Moreover, islands are highly vulnerable to exotic species establishment. We used AICc analyses of data on 1132 vascular plant species for 15 countries and 114 islands from the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) project to examine biological, geographical, and socioeconomic correlates of exotic species richness. PIER provides data on the distribution of naturalized non-native plant species thought to pose environmental or economic risk. We hypothesized that the numbers of PIER-listed species would be positively correlated with island size, habitat diversity, and proximity to major source pools for propagules. Further, we expected numbers of PIER-listed exotic species to be similar among islands in the same country and to be greater where human populations were larger and where economic activity was high. Most species (908) were found on <= 10 islands. Species number was significantly correlated with island and country areas and with native plant species richness. The strongest model revealed by AICc analyses of island data included log (area) and maximum elevation as well as country membership, substrate type, and presence of an airport with paved runway (an index of economic activity). By country, AICc analyses revealed two equivalent models, both of which included log (area) and per capita gross domestic product as well as a measure of population size (either log (population size) or (population density)). Our analyses provide strong evidence of the roles of biogeographic, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts on the distribution and spread of exotic species. C1 [Denslow, Julie S.] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Thomas, Philip A.] Hawaii Ecosyst Risk Project, Puunene, HI 96784 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jdenslow@fs.fed.us NR 85 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 8 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00469.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412TL UT WOS:000263747000004 ER PT J AU Wong, BL Baggett, KL Rye, AH AF Wong, B. L. Baggett, K. L. Rye, A. H. TI Cold-season patterns of reserve and soluble carbohydrates in sugar maple and ice-damaged trees of two age classes following drought SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE starch; sucrose; glucose; fructose ID ACER-SACCHARUM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STRESS; STARCH; PLANTS; ACCLIMATION; TOLERANCE; DIEBACK; DECLINE; GROWTH AB This study examines the effects of summer drought on the composition and profiles of cold-season reserve and soluble carbohydrates in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees (50-100 years old or similar to 200 years old) in which the crowns were nondamaged or damaged by the 1998 ice storm. The overall cold season reserve carbohydrate profiles in twig wood tissue of drought-stressed (DS) trees and non-drought-stressed (NDS) trees were generally similar, although differences were observed in the amount of reserve carbohydrates in DS and NDS trees. The cold-season level of starch stored in DS trees in early autumn in the wood tissue was about one-third to one-fifth that in NDS trees. The cold season sugar content in the DS trees was significantly greater than can be attributed to degradation of stored starch, only. The level of sucrose in DS trees remained high throughout the winter until termination of dormancy and dehardening. The concentrations of winter glucose and fructose in DS trees attained peak levels at the time of dormancy termination and declined during dehardening. The profiles of glucose and fructose in DS and damaged DS trees were generally different from that of sucrose throughout the leafless phase. In contrast, profiles of glucose and fructose in NDS trees closely paralleled that of sucrose. Elevated levels of sucrose, glucose, and fructose in DS sugar maple trees during the cold season may function as osmoregulators for freeze protection. Low sugar level or lack of increase in sugar level following dehardening in DS trees may suggest limited change in cellular constituents in adapting to low temperatures. C1 [Wong, B. L.; Baggett, K. L.; Rye, A. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Wong, BL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM ebwongfs@att.net FU Forest Service Northern Global Change Research Program FX Funding for this study was, in part, from the Forest Service Northern Global Change Research Program. We would like to thank Dr. R. A. Gregory for reviewing this manuscript. We appreciate the assistance of Sandy Wilmont, Agency of Natural Resources, Department of Forests, Parks & Recreation, Waterbury, Vermont, and Paula Murakami, NRS, Burlington, Vermont, for photosynthesis measurements. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87 IS 3 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1139/B08-123 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 438GQ UT WOS:000265544300008 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, J Heird, W AF Hopkinson, Judy Heird, William TI Maternal Response to Two Electric Breast Pumps SO BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRETERM INFANTS; MILK-PRODUCTION; PROLACTIN; OXYTOCIN; EFFICACY; MOTHERS; EXPRESSION; STRESS; WOMEN AB Background and Objective: Mechanical characteristics of breast pumps have been shown to influence milk extraction and hormone release in laboratory settings. However, few studies evaluate impact of differences in pump design on long-term breastfeeding success. This study evaluated the impact of a novel pump design on milk extraction, milk fat content, maternal hormone response, maternal satisfaction, long-term milk production, and duration of breastfeeding following return to the workforce. Design and Methods: Healthy women intending to return to work or school and to breastfeed exclusively for <= 4 months were enrolled in late pregnancy (n = 62). Prolactin response to pumping (n = 30) and changes in 24-hour milk volume during a 2-week stimulation protocol (n = 59) were measured in women randomly assigned to a novel (Embrace (R), Playtex, Westport, CT) or standard (Pump In Style (R), Medela, Baar, Switzerland) electric breast pump. Milk extraction efficiency (n = 58) and maternal ranking of pump performance (n = 56) were measured using a crossover design. Mothers selected one pump to keep and were contacted (n = 55) at 6 months postpartum to determine breastfeeding behavior. Results: Prolactin response was greater (p = 0.005) with the novel pump. Milk extraction efficiency was greater (p = 0.001) with the standard pump. Stimulation of 24-hour milk production did not differ between pumps. Women were equally likely to select the two pumps. Feeding behavior at 6 months was not related to pump choice. Conclusions: The test pumps stimulate the two arms of the homeostatic mechanism governing milk output (endocrine stimulation and degree of breast emptying) to different degrees, yet have comparable impacts on lactation performance over time. C1 [Hopkinson, Judy; Heird, William] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hopkinson, J (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM judyh@bcm.tmc.edu FU Playtex Products, Inc., Westport, CT FX This project was funded by a grant from Playtex Products, Inc., Westport, CT. The authors have no current competing financial interests to report. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1556-8253 J9 BREASTFEED MED JI Breastfeed. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 4 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1089/bfm.2008.0133 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 583KL UT WOS:000276673800004 PM 19196038 ER PT J AU Glavich, DA AF Glavich, Doug A. TI Distribution, rarity and habitats of three aquatic lichens on federal land in the US Pacific Northwest SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum; Leptogium rivale; Peltigera hydrothyria; aquatic lichens; rarity; Pacific Northwest; nonparametric multiplicative regression ID WESTERN OREGON; FIDALGO-ISLAND; FORESTS; WASHINGTON; VEGETATION; STREAMS; COMMUNITIES; RESOURCES; DIVERSITY; GRADIENTS AB In this study, the occurrence of Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum, Leptogium rivale and Peltigera hydrothyria on federal land in western Oregon and Washington, and northern California is documented using a large-scale random sampling approach amplified by historical site data, frequency, distribution and habitat "preferences," including water quality, forest age and land use allocations. A total of 256 sites were surveyed, of which 216 were randomly selected. All three species were distributed throughout the study area in all three states, and mostly in interior mountain ranges. Only L. rivale was widespread, and both D. nielophylli2lini and P. hydrothyria appear to be rare in the region but can become locally common in some watersheds. All three lichens probably benefit from older streamside forests, but association with forest age was inconclusive at the watershed level. Federal protective land use allocations and Aquatic Conservation Strategy components appear to play a minor role in protecting existing populations for the three aquatic lichens. Climate factors appear to be of major importance to habitat suitability for the three aquatic lichens. Results from this Study suggest the following habitat summaries for the three aquatic lichens. Higher elevation, exposed streams with large rocks or bedrock appear to be important habitat for D. meiophyllizum. This lichen was also often found above the stream water level. Leptogium rivale was found most frequently in shallow, partially shaded streams and submerged or just above the water level. For P. hydrothyria, this study suggests that cool, partially shaded small Mountain streams are important habitat; however, this only appears to be habitat characteristics for this lichen from southern Washington and Southward in the Study area. In Washington's North Cascades and in to British Columbia, P. hydrothyria is often observed in colder, higher elevation exposed sites. Upper 95% confidence interval values for stream sites Suggests good water quality across the region: dissolved oxygen = 9.60 mg(-1), conductivity = 78 mu S/cm, pH = 7.51, nitrogen 0.07 mg(-1) and phosphorus = 0.024 mg(-1). Benthic diatom-based indices suggest that these aquatic lichens are subject to siltation and high flow stream scouring. Results from this Study can be used to guide management in the face of global climate change and research needs are discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest Supervisors Off, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Glavich, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest Supervisors Off, POB 1148, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM dglavich@yahoo.com NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOC INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC-TRES, ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD MAR PY 2009 VL 112 IS 1 BP 54 EP 72 DI 10.1639/0007-2745-112.1.54 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 429BI UT WOS:000264895400006 ER PT J AU Gries, R Schaefer, PW Gotoh, T Takacs, S Gries, G AF Gries, Regine Schaefer, Paul W. Gotoh, Tadao Takacs, Stephen Gries, Gerhard TI Spacing of traps baited with species-specific Lymantria pheromones to prevent interference by antagonistic components SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; NUN MOTH; MONACHA; COMMUNICATION; INITIATION; INHIBITOR; MATHURA; DISPAR; JAPAN AB In pheromone-based surveys for detecting multiple species of exotic lymantriine moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Lymantriinae), spacing between traps baited with species-specific pheromone lures must be sufficient to prevent antagonistic effects of heterospecific pheromone on lure attractiveness. Conducting field experiments with the Japanese gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar japonica Motschulsky,in northern Honshu, Japan, we first determined which congeneric pheromone components have strong antagonistic effects on attraction of male moths to the conspecific pheromone (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane ((+)-disparture). Since the most antagonistic compounds were pheromone/volatile components from the sympatric nun moth L. monacha (L.), we then conducted experiments with paired traps baited with either a L. dispar (L.) pheromone lure ((+)-disparlure (50 mu g)) or L. monacha pheromone lure (a mixture of (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-deoxyoctadecane ((+)-monachalure (50 mu g)), (7Z)-2-methyloctadecene (5 mu g), and (+)-disparture (50 mu g). As spacing between paired traps increased (0, 0.5, 2, 7.5, 15, or 30 m), the antagonistic effect of the L. monacha on the attractiveness of the L. dispar lure decreased and disappeared. For pheromone-based detection surveys of multiple species of exotic lymantriine moths in North America to lie effective, trap spacing of 15 m is recommended. C1 [Gries, Regine; Takacs, Stephen; Gries, Gerhard] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Schaefer, Paul W.] ARS, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Gotoh, Tadao] Tohoku Res Ctr, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Morioka, Iwate 0200123, Japan. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca FU Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering; Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Chair; Pherotech International Inc.; S.C. Johnson Canada; Global Forest Science FX We thank personnel of the Iwate University Research Forest and the Saezuri-no-Sato Bird Sanctuary for providing access to the field sites. Sharon Oliver for word processing, Bob Birtch for graphic illustration, Eloise Rowland for field assistance, the anonymous reviewers for constructive comments, and Eberhard Kiehlmann for proofreading the manuscript. The research was supported financially by a Contract from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and a Natural Sciences and Engineering, Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Chair to G.G., with Pherotech International Inc., S.C. Johnson Canada, and Global Forest Science as industrial sponsors. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 141 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.4039/n09-010 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 442WZ UT WOS:000265872700006 ER PT J AU Long, SJ Williams, DW Hajek, AE AF Long, Stefan J. Williams, David W. Hajek, Ann E. TI Sirex species (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and their parasitoids in Pinus sylvestris in eastern North America SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID NOCTILIO HYMENOPTERA; WOODWASPS; AFRICA AB Siricids and their parasitoids were reared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae)) trees infested by Sirex noctilio F. in central New York State. Sirex noctilio accounted for 94.3% of the siricid specimens, emerging, totaling 13 13 specimens from six frees, with a maximum of 495 from one tree. Of the individuals emerging per tree, 20.6 +/- 5.2% were female. Two native siricids, Sirex nigricornis F. and S. edwardsii Brulle, also emerged from trees but in low numbers. Three hymenopteran parasitoid species that attack siricicis emerged, totaling 21.8 +/- 6.4% parasitism per tree. Ibalia leucospoides ensiger Norton (Ibahidae) was by far the most abundant parasitoid, at 20.5 +/- 6.3% parasitism per free. The percentage of female S.noctilio emerging was positively correlated with wood diameter, whereas percent parasitism by I. I. ensiger was negatively correlated with wood diameter. C1 [Long, Stefan J.; Hajek, Ann E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Williams, David W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Otis Lab, Otis Air Natl Guard Base, MA 02542 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh@cornell.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service FX This Study was funded through a cooperative agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X EI 1918-3240 J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 141 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.4039/n08-068 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 442WZ UT WOS:000265872700007 ER PT J AU Poland, TM Pureswaran, DS Ciaramitaro, TM Borden, JH AF Poland, Therese M. Pureswaran, Deepa S. Ciaramitaro, Tina M. Borden, John H. TI 1-Octen-3-ol is repellent to Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the midwestern United States SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; BARK VOLATILES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS; CUCUJIDAE; RESPONSES; BEANS; AROMA AB In field experiments at three sites in Michigan and Ohio we tested the activity of 1-octen-3-ol in combination with ipsdienol, the aggregation pheromone of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say). When 1-octen-3-ol was added to funnel traps baited with ipsdienol, significantly fewer beetles of either sex were captured than in traps bailed with ipsdienol alone. This result Suggests that the compound is potentially repellent and interrupts the response of beetles to their aggregation pheromone, and is consistent with previous reports of its inhibition of aggregation behaviour in other bark beetles. C1 [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Pureswaran, Deepa S.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. [Ciaramitaro, Tina M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Borden, John H.] Contech Enterprises Inc, Delta, BC V4G 1E9, Canada. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Room 220,1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM tpoland@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 141 IS 2 BP 158 EP 160 DI 10.4039/n09-002 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 442WZ UT WOS:000265872700008 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Keyes, A Nislow, KH Monette, MY AF McCormick, Stephen D. Keyes, Amanda Nislow, Keith H. Monette, Michelle Y. TI Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACID WATER; CONNECTICUT RIVER; MARINE SURVIVAL; ALUMINUM; EXPOSURE; FISH; OSMOREGULATION; TOLERANCE; CHEMISTRY AB We conducted field Studies to determine the levels of acid and aluminum (Al) that affect survival, smolt development, ion homeostasis, and stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in restoration streams of the Connecticut River in southern Vermont. USA. Fish were held in cages in five streams encompassing a wide range of acid and At levels for two 6-day intervals during the peak of smolt development in late April and early May. Physiological parameters were unchanged from initial sampling at the hatchery and the high water quality reference site (pH > 7.0, inorganic At < 12 mu g.L-1). Mortality, substantial loss of plasma chloride, and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and elevated gill At Occurred at sites with the lowest pH (5.4-5.6) and highest inorganic Al (50-80 mu g.L-1). Moderate loss of plasma chloride, increased plasma cortisol and glucose, and moderately elevated gill Al occurred at less severely impacted sites. Gill Al was a better predictor of integrated physiological impacts than water chemistry alone. The results indicate that At and low pH under field conditions in some New England streams can cause mortality and impair smolt development in juvenile Atlantic salmon and provide direct evidence that episodic acidification is impacting conservation and recovery of Atlantic salmon in the northeastern USA. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Keyes, Amanda; Monette, Michelle Y.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.; Nislow, Keith H.; Monette, Michelle Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Morrill Sci Ctr 319, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX We thank Jim Sotiropoulos and Amy Regish for help with field sampling during this study. Barry Baldigo provided useful advice on cage construction. We thank Mike O'Dea for analyzing gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and preparation of figures. We thank Jason Coombs for drawing the map in Fig. 1. This study was funded by a grant from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative to S.D. McCormick and K.H. Nislow. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.1139/F09-002 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZD UT WOS:000264957700004 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Palik, BJ AF Bradford, John B. Palik, Brian J. TI A comparison of thinning methods in red pine: consequences for stand-level growth and tree diameter SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; PLANTATIONS AB Long-term replicated experiments that contrast thinning method (dominant thinning, thinning from below) while controlling stocking level are rare. Stand growth and tree size responses to thinning method can be useful for making decisions to achieve desired objectives, whether these are timber or wildlife habitat related. We examined data from two long-term (>50 year old) silvicultural experiments in red pine to understand how alternative thinning prescriptions influence stand-level basal area, volume, and biomass growth, as well as quadratic mean tree diameter. We found that gross growth in stands treated with dominant thinning was often, although not always, greater than growth in stands treated with thinning from below. However, the differences in growth between thinning methods are smallest at stocking levels and stand ages typical for red pine management. We found that biomass growth increases with dominant thinning were generally less than basal area or volume growth increase. Furthermore, greater gross growth associated with dominant thinning versus thinning from below must be weighed against the significantly smaller average tree sizes that result from repeated dominant thinning. C1 [Bradford, John B.; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, Dept Ariculture, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Dept Ariculture, No Res Stn, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM jbbradford@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1139/X08-201 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 434PE UT WOS:000265285800001 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Constance A. TI Western redcedar response to precommercial thinning and fertilization through 25 years posttreatment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; DOUGLAS-FIR PLANTATION; COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RED CEDAR; PHOSPHORUS-FERTILIZER; FOLIAR NUTRITION; GROWTH-RESPONSE; SOIL EXTRACTS; NITROGEN; HEMLOCK AB There is little information available on the long-term effects of managing western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). In a 15-to 20-year-old naturally regenerated second-growth redcedar stand on a poor site on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, we tested crop tree (largest 250 trees.ha(-1)) response to precommercial thinning and fertilization in a replicated study. Fertilization treatments were N or N+P applied at study installation and year 13; precommercial thinning occurred at installation. Precommercial thinning without fertilization produced a sustained increase in periodic individual-tree basal area (BA) growth rate from years 3 through 25 posttreatment. However, through year 12, higher BA growth rates resulted from fertilization. During years 13 through 25, when intraspecific competition increased, the highest BA growth rate resulted from the combination of fertilization and precommercial thinning. Compared with the unthinned-unfertilized control, fertilization without thinning increased year-25 crop-tree height by 34% and BA by 137%; thinning without fertilization increased height by 11% and BA by 91%. Height to live-crown base was decreased by thinning but increased by fertilization, while thinning significantly increased stem taper on the lower bole. Treatment responses and foliar analyses indicate crop tree growth was substantially limited by nutrient availability. C1 [Devine, Warren D.; Harrington, Constance A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.1139/X08-199 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 434PE UT WOS:000265285800013 ER PT J AU Leites, LP Robinson, AP Crookston, NL AF Leites, Laura P. Robinson, Andrew P. Crookston, Nicholas L. TI Accuracy and equivalence testing of crown ratio models and assessment of their impact on diameter growth and basal area increment predictions of two variants of the Forest Vegetation Simulator SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INVENTORY; DENSITY; ERROR AB Diameter growth (DG) equations in many existing forest growth and yield models use tree crown ratio (CR) as a predictor variable. Where CR is not measured, it is estimated from other measured variables. We evaluated CR estimation accuracy for the models in two Forest Vegetation Simulator variants: the exponential and the logistic CR models used in the North Idaho (NI) variant, and the Weibull model used in the South Central Oregon and Northeast California (SO) variant. We also assessed the effects of using measured (CR(m)) versus predicted (CR(p)) crown ratio for predicting 10 year DG and 30 year basal area increment (BAI). Evaluation criteria included equivalence tests, bias, root mean square error, and Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation. Inventory data from the Winema and the Colville National Forests were used. Results showed that the NI variant models overpredicted CR when CR(m) was below 40% and underpredicted CR when it was above 60%, whereas the SO variant model overpredicted CR when CR(m) was smaller than 60%. Differences between CR(m) and CR(p) were positively correlated with differences in DG predictions. Using CR(m) versus CR(p) resulted in 30 year BAI absolute percent differences of 10% or less for more than 50% of the plots. C1 [Leites, Laura P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Robinson, Andrew P.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Crookston, Nicholas L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Leites, LP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM lleites@uidaho.edu RI Robinson, Andrew/F-5291-2011; OI Robinson, Andrew/0000-0002-0509-6043 FU US Forest Service [04DG11010000037] FX The authors are very grateful to Dr. David W. Hann, Dr. Valerie LeMay, the Associate Editor, and an anonymous referee for valuable comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript; and to Dr. Gary Dixon for providing valuable suggestions and information about each FVS variant's components. Support from the US Forest Service Grant 04DG11010000037, via Dr. Timothy Link of the University of Idaho, is appreciated. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 655 EP 665 DI 10.1139/X08-205 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 434PE UT WOS:000265285800016 ER PT J AU Garber, SM Temesgen, H Monleon, VJ Hann, DW AF Garber, Sean M. Temesgen, H. Monleon, Vicente J. Hann, David W. TI Effects of height imputation strategies on stand volume estimation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; MEASUREMENT ERROR; DIAMETER; EQUATIONS; MODEL; PREDICTION; CURVES; OREGON AB Subsampling and subsequent imputation of tree heights can improve the predictive performance of stand volume estimation but may also introduce biases. Using coastal Douglas-fir data from southwest Oregon, USA, the predictive performance of several height imputation strategies for estimating stand volume was evaluated. A subsample of 1-15 trees was randomly selected per stand, and missing heights were imputed using a regional Chapman-Richards function with diameter only and diameter plus stand density measures, fitted using a nonlinear least-squares model (NFEM) and a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NMEM). Missing heights were imputed using the regional height-diameter equation and by adjusting the equation with a correction factor (NFEM) or with predicted random effects (NMEM) to calibrate the height-diameter relationship to each stand. Differences in actual stand volumes, calculated with measured heights, and predicted stand volumes, calculated using measured heights for the subsampled trees and predicted heights for those with missing heights, were used to compare the alternative height imputation methods. Precision and bias were poorest for the regional models, especially NMEM, and best for the adjusted models also using NMEM. Results suggest that a similar subsample of heights (n = 4) is required for precise stand volume estimation as has been reported for height. C1 [Garber, Sean M.; Temesgen, H.; Hann, David W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Monleon, Vicente J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Garber, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sean.garber@oregonstate.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 681 EP 690 DI 10.1139/X08-188 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 434PE UT WOS:000265285800018 ER PT J AU Mian, MAR Kang, ST Redinbaugh, MG AF Mian, M. A. Rouf Kang, Sung-Taeg Redinbaugh, Margaret G. TI Microsatellite diversity of soybean genotypes differing in bean pod mottle virus leaf symptom SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bean pod mottle virus; genetic diversity; Glycine max; simple sequence repeat ID SSR MARKERS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MOSAIC-VIRUS; POPULATION; SEQUENCE AB Mian, M. A. R., Kang, S. T. and Redinabugh, M. G. 2009. Microsatellite diversity of soybean genotypes differing in bean pod mottle virus leaf symptom. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 359-367. Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is a threat to soybean in most soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing states of the USA. In the absence of complete resistance of soybean to BPMV, partial resistance can play an important role in reducing seed-yield and seed-quality losses from this virus. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate plant introductions (PIs) for expression of leaf symptoms under greenhouse conditions following inoculation with BPMV, and (ii) to determine the genetic diversity among soybean genotypes with differences in leaf symptoms of BPMV. Large significant (P <= 0.001) differences in expression of BPMV leaf symptoms among genotypes in the greenhouse were detected. A genetic diversity study was conducted on 48 soybean genotypes differing in leaf symptoms of BPMV using 271 alleles amplified by 84 microsatellite primer pairs. The average polymorphism information content for the microsatellites was 0.53 and the average number of alleles per microsatellite was 3.23. The soybean genotypes clustered into distinct groups based on their country of origin and/or their BPMV leaf symptoms. Based on the microsatellite data, the genotypes were clustered into seven groups. Groups 1, 2 and 4 included genotypes from China only, group 3 included genotypes from the USA only and group 7 included genotypes from Japan only. Group I consisted of genotypes with low leaf symptoms of BPMV while group 6 was formed of genotypes with high leaf symptoms of BPMV. C1 [Mian, M. A. Rouf; Kang, Sung-Taeg; Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf; Kang, Sung-Taeg] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kang, Sung-Taeg] RDA, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon 441857, South Korea. [Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 EI 1918-1833 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 89 IS 2 BP 359 EP 367 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 434LE UT WOS:000265275400021 ER PT J AU Liu, C Wang, XD Mucci, L Gaziano, JM Zhang, SMM AF Liu, Chun Wang, Xiang-Dong Mucci, Lorelei Gaziano, J. Michael Zhang, Shumin M. TI Modulation of Lung Molecular Biomarkers by beta-Carotene in the Physicians' Health Study SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; beta-carotene; molecular markers; proliferating cellular nuclear antigen ID ACID RECEPTOR-BETA; RETINOIC ACID; CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; UNITED-STATES; CANCER RISK; EXPRESSION; SUPPLEMENTATION AB BACKGROUND: beta-Carotene supplementation showed neither benefit nor harm among apparently healthy physicians (all men) in the Physicians' Health Study (PHS) trial. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate how long-term beta-carotene supplementation affects molecular markers of lung carcinogenesis in the PHS. METHODS: The protein levels of total p53, cyclin D1, proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA), retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta), and cytochrome p450 enzyme 1A1 (CYP1A1) were measured using the immunohistochemical method in 40 available archival lung tissue samples from patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer in the PHS. The protein levels of these markers were compared by category of p-carotene treatment assignment and other characteristics using unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: The positivity for total p53, RAR beta, cyclin D1, and PCNA was nonsignificantly lower among lung cancer patients who were assigned to receive p-carotene than those who were assigned to receive beta-carotene placebo. There was a borderline significant difference in CYP1A1 positivity with an OR of 0.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.1; P = .06) in a comparison of men who received (1-carotene and men who received ''carotene placebo. CONCLUSIONS: The 50-mg beta-carotene supplementation on alternate days had no significant influence on molecular markers of lung carcinogenesis that were evaluated in the PHS. This finding provides mechanistic support for the main PHS trial results of P-carotene, which demonstrated no benefit or harm to the risk of developing lung cancer. Cancer 2009;115:1049-58. (c) 2009 American Cancer Society. C1 [Liu, Chun; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mucci, Lorelei] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Mucci, Lorelei; Gaziano, J. Michael; Zhang, Shumin M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Gaziano, J. Michael; Zhang, Shumin M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gaziano, J. Michael] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chun.liu@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [CA34944, CA40360, CA097193, HL26490, HL34595]; BASF-The Chemical Company FX Supported by grants CA34944, CA40360, CA097193, HL26490, and HL34595 from the National Institutes of Health and by an investigator-initiated research grant from the BASF-The Chemical Company. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 5 BP 1049 EP 1058 DI 10.1002/cncr.24061 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 410QQ UT WOS:000263593500018 PM 19142877 ER PT J AU Ma, G Tabanca, N Baser, KHC Kirimer, N Pasco, DS Khan, IA Khan, SI AF Ma, Guoyi Tabanca, Nurhayat Baser, K. Husnu Can Kirimer, Nese Pasco, David S. Khan, Ikhlas A. Khan, Shabana I. TI Inhibition of NF-kappa B-mediated transcription and induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by epoxypseudoisoeugenol-2-methyl butyrate SO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phenylpropranoid; NF-kappa B; Cyclin D(1); Breast cancer; Cell cycle; Apoptosis ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; ESSENTIAL OILS; CYCLIN D1; EXPRESSION; TARGET; GROWTH; PROTEINS; CARCINOMA; THERAPY; SCREEN AB Purpose Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent woman cancers. Genomic instability, accumulative mutations, and subsequent changes in intracellular signaling cascades play key roles in the development of human breast cancers. Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kappa B) has been implicated in oncogenesis of breast cancers and is known to be associated with resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis. Blocking NF-kappa B signaling may represent a therapeutic strategy in breast cancer therapy. The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro effects of epoxypseudoisoeugenol-2-methyl butyrate (EPB), a phenylpropranoid isolated from Pimpinella corymbosa, on the activation of NF-kappa B, cell growth, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in MCF-7 (estrogen-dependent) and BT-549 (estrogen-independent) breast cancer cells. Methods Transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B was measured by cell based reporter gene assay. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry and apoptosis was observed by DAPI staining assy. Results EPB inhibited the NF-kappa B-mediated transcription activity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in MCF-7 cells. EPB also inhibited constitutive NF-kappa B transcriptional activity in BT-549 cells. EPB inhibited the proliferation of both MCF-7 and BT-549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. EPB induced cell cycle arrest in G(1)/G(0) phase and apoptosis in both MCF-7 and BT 549 cells. Conclusions These in vitro results indicated that EPB has a potential for use against both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancers and its effects seem to be mediated by inhibiting the NF-kappa B activity. C1 [Ma, Guoyi; Pasco, David S.; Khan, Ikhlas A.; Khan, Shabana I.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tabanca, Nurhayat] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Baser, K. Husnu Can; Kirimer, Nese] Anadolu Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, Fac Pharm, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Pasco, David S.; Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Khan, SI (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. EM skhan@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service SpeciWc Cooperative Agreement [58-6408-2-0009] FX This study was supported in part by USDA Agricultural Research Service SpeciWc Cooperative Agreement NO. 58-6408-2-0009. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0344-5704 J9 CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM JI Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1007/s00280-008-0784-9 PG 8 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 417YL UT WOS:000264114300012 PM 18597088 ER PT J AU Jackson, BC Pittillo, JD Allen, HL Wentworth, TR Bullock, BP Loftis, DL AF Jackson, B. Clay Pittillo, J. Dan Allen, H. Lee Wentworth, Thomas R. Bullock, Bronson P. Loftis, David L. TI Species Diversity and Composition in Old Growth and Second Growth Rich Coves of the Southern Appalachian Mountains SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID HERBACEOUS UNDERSTORIES; AREA; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; FOREST AB Because of ongoing debate over the long term impacts of logging, we conducted a study to assess if second growth (70 +/- 10 years) rich coves differ from old growth rich coves (> 125 years) in species diversity or composition. We sampled twenty-six 0.1 ha plots, representing these two age classes. We distributed the plots amongst three randomly selected mountain ranges in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina, and sampled each mountain range in separate years. We used nested subplots of 0.01 m(2), 0.1 m(2), 1 m(2), 10 m(2), 100 m(2), and 1000 m(2) to establish species-area relationships (SARs) for each age class. We found no significant differences between the SARs for the two age classes, nor did we find significant differences between age classes using the Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, or Sorensen indices of species diversity. However, we found that total cover of all plant species was greater in old growth rich coves, and that 10% of the tested species had lower abundance in second growth. No species were present in old growth and absent in second growth, but species with lower second growth abundance may warrant future study. C1 [Jackson, B. Clay; Allen, H. Lee; Bullock, Bronson P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pittillo, J. Dan] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Wentworth, Thomas R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Loftis, David L.] US Forest Serv, Bent Creek Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Jackson, BC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM clay.jackson@us.army.mil FU United States Forest [SRS 03.CA.11330134-179]; Montgomery G.I. Bill, Army College Fund FX Steve Simon of the United States Forest Service in Asheville, North Carolina, kindly provided the SAEZ model and CISC data. We greatly appreciate statistical assistance provided by Dr. Cavell Brownie, Dr. Brian Reich, and Mark Kindem. Barbara Heart, Dr. Alexander Krings, and Dr. Lari Jackson graciously volunteered assistance with field work. Members of the Forest Nutrition Cooperative provided Valuable assistance throughout this study. This manuscript was improved thanks to reviews from Dr. George Johnson, Dr. Loretta Battaglia, and an anonymous reviewer. Funding for this project was provided by United States Forest Service grant SRS 03.CA.11330134-179 " Species diversity and composition in second growth and old growth coves in the southern Appalachias." B. Clay Jackson received additional funding from the Montgomery G.I. Bill, Army College Fund. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 EI 1938-4386 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 430FJ UT WOS:000264973900002 ER PT J AU Schober, TJ Bean, SR Wang, D AF Schober, T. J. Bean, S. R. Wang, D. TI Capillary Electrophoresis as a Tool for Evaluating Lactic Acid Production from Sorghum SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN ORGANIC-ACIDS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; RHIZOPUS-ORYZAE; PERFORMANCE; FERMENTATION; SAMPLES; ANIONS; SILICA AB Sorghum is an underutilized resource for the production of bioindustrial chemicals like lactic acid. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was tested to monitor the fermentation process, i.e., quantify the amount of lactic acid and by-products in the fermentation broth using phosphate buffer pH 6.25 containing the electroosmotic flow modifier cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). High levels of calcium carbonate were required during fermentation to stabilize the pH and these caused considerably prolonged migration times in CE. A 1:10 dilution of the samples with water was the best way to reduce salt load and thus conductivity in the sample plug, and thus to eliminate the problem of prolonged migration times. Further improvements were achieved by rinsing the capillary with HCl and water after each run, rather than NaOH and water. HCl might more efficiently remove Ca(2+) ions from the capillary surface. The fermentation broth studied was based on liquefied sorghum inoculated with Rhizopus oryzae. The main product was lactic acid (24.60 +/- 0.56 g/L) and a significant by-product was fumaric acid (1.07 +/- 0.04 g/L). C1 [Schober, T. J.; Bean, S. R.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Wang, D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Schober, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tilman.schober@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-2-0117 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NN UT WOS:000266408200001 ER PT J AU Zhao, R Wu, X Seabourn, BW Bean, SR Guan, L Shi, YC Wilson, JD Madl, R Wang, D AF Zhao, R. Wu, X. Seabourn, B. W. Bean, S. R. Guan, L. Shi, Y. -C. Wilson, J. D. Madl, R. Wang, D. TI Comparison of Waxy vs. Nonwaxy Wheats in Fuel Ethanol Fermentation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMYLOSE CONTENT; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; BAKING PROPERTIES; GRAIN-SORGHUM; WINTER-WHEAT; STARCH; FLOURS; CORN; YIELD AB Fermentation performance of eight waxy, seven nonwaxy soft, and 15 nonwaxy hard wheat cultivars was compared in a laboratory dry-grind procedure. With nitrogen supplements in the mash, the range of ethanol yields was 368-447 L/ton. Nonwaxy soft wheat had an average ethanol yield of 433 L/ton, higher than nonwaxy hard and waxy wheat. Conversion efficiencies were 91.3-96.2%. Despite having higher levels of free sugars in grain, waxy wheat had higher conversion efficiency than nonwaxy wheat. Although there was huge variation in the protein content between nonwaxy hard and soft wheat, no difference in conversion efficiency was observed. Waxy cultivars had extremely low peak viscosity during liquefaction. Novel mashing properties of waxy cultivars were related to unique pasting properties of starch granules. With nitrogen supplementation, waxy wheat had a faster fermentation rate than nonwaxy wheat. Fermentation rates for waxy cultivars without nitrogen supplementation and nonwaxy cultivars with nitrogen supplementation were comparable. Ethanol yield was highly related to both total starch and protein content, but total starch was a better predictor of ethanol yield. There were strong negative relationships between total starch content of grain and both yield and protein content of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). C1 [Zhao, R.; Wu, X.; Wang, D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Seabourn, B. W.; Bean, S. R.; Wilson, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Guan, L.; Shi, Y. -C.; Madl, R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 61 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-2-0145 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NN UT WOS:000266408200007 ER PT J AU Bhadra, R Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA AF Bhadra, Rumela Muthukumarappan, K. Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Flowability Properties of Commercial Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FOOD POWDERS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BULK PROPERTIES; WATER ACTIVITY; FLOW; SOLIDS; METHODOLOGY AB Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), the major coproduct from the corn-based fuel ethanol industry, is primarily used as livestock feed. Due to high protein, fiber, and energy contents, there is a high demand for DDGS. Flowability of DDGS is often hindered due the phenomenon of caking. Shipping and handling of DDGS has thus become a major issue due to bridge formation between the DDGS particles. The objective of this investigation was to measure flowability characteristics of DDGS samples from five ethanol plants in the north central region of the United States. Carr and Jenike tests were performed and the resulting data were mathematically compared with a previously developed empirical model. The largest particles had an average geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 1.19 mm, while the lowest particle size had an average GMD of 0.5 mm. Soluble solid levels were approximate to 10.5-14.8% (db). The effective angle of friction (delta) was 43.00-57.00 degrees. Additionally, a few parameters exhibited fairly high linear correlations, including aerated and packed bulk densities (r = 0.97), geometric standard deviation and Carr compressibility (r = 0.71), geometric standard deviation and Hausner ratio (r = -0.70). Overall flowability assessment indicated that the commercial DDGS samples did have the potential for flow problems, although no samples exhibited complete bridging. Quantifying DDGS flowability is a necessary step toward overcoming this logistical challenge facing the fuel ethanol industry. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Bhadra, Rumela; Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU South Dakota State University; USDA-ARS FX We would like to extend our gratitude to South Dakota State University and USDA-ARS for financial support for this project. We would also like to extend appreciation to the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council (SDCUC) and Agricultural Experimental Station (AES). We also thank the ethanol plants who generously contributed DDGS samples for this study. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-2-0170 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NN UT WOS:000266408200010 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MR Wise, ML AF Schmitt, Mark R. Wise, Mitchell L. TI Barley and Oat beta-Glucan Content Measured by Calcofluor Fluorescence in a Microplate Assay SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; GRAIN; WORT C1 [Schmitt, Mark R.; Wise, Mitchell L.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Schmitt, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 502 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mark.schmitt@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-2-0187 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NN UT WOS:000266408200012 ER PT J AU Ohm, JB Ross, AS Peterson, CJ Morris, CF AF Ohm, J. B. Ross, A. S. Peterson, C. J. Morris, C. F. TI Relationships of Quality Characteristics with Size-Exclusion HPLC Chromatogram of Protein Extract in Soft White Winter Wheats SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BISCUIT-MAKING QUALITY; END-USE QUALITY; GRAIN HARDNESS; KERNEL HARDNESS; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; BAKING PROPERTIES; FLOUR PROTEINS; DOUGH; PARAMETERS AB This study investigated relationships between molecular weight distributions of unreduced grain proteins and grain, flour, and end-use quality characteristics of soft white winter wheats grown in Oregon. Absorbance area and area percentage values of protein fractions separated by size-exclusion HPLC (SE-HPLC) showed significant correlations with quality characteristics, indicating associations of molecular weight distributions of proteins with quality characteristics. Specifically, high molecular weight polymeric protein fractions appeared to have a detrimental effect on soft wheat quality. This was shown by significant positive correlations with single kernel hardness index, and mixograph water absorption and tolerance, and negative correlations with break flour yield, cookie diameter, and cake volume. Higher proportions of soluble monomeric protein fraction eluted after the main gliadin peak, were associated with soft wheat quality due to negative associations with single kernel hardness index and mixograph water absorption and tolerance, and positive associations with break flour yield, cookie diameter, and cake volume. Calibration models were developed by the application of multivariate analyses to the SE-HPLC data. These models explained >90% of the variation in mixograph water absorption and cookie diameter and thickness. C1 [Ohm, J. B.] USDA ARS, RRVARC NCSL, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Ross, A. S.; Peterson, C. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Morris, C. F.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ohm, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, RRVARC NCSL, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND USA. EM jae.ohm@ars.usda.gov RI Ross, Andrew/C-7488-2013 OI Ross, Andrew/0000-0003-1509-9106 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-2-0197 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NN UT WOS:000266408200014 ER PT J AU Taboada-Gaytan, O Pollak, LM Johnson, LA Fox, SR AF Taboada-Gaytan, Oswaldo Pollak, Linda M. Johnson, Lawrence A. Fox, Steven R. TI Wet-Milling Characteristics of 10 Lines from Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project Compared with Five Corn Belt Lines SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY-SCALE; HYBRIDS; ACCESSIONS; OIL AB The use of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids with high grain yield and starch extractability has steadily increased in the processing industry. In light of widespread corn seed industry participation in the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM), which seeks to enhance exotic germplasm, future hybrids may contain more exotic sources in genetic backgrounds. It is necessary to establish and monitor physical, compositional, and milling characteristics of the new exotic breeding materials to determine the processing value. The present study was conducted to determine the wet-milling characteristics of a set of GEM lines compared with typical Corn Belt lines. Ten GEM lines introgressed with exotic materials from Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Florida, and Uruguay and previously identified as having different starch yields, three commercial inbred lines, and two public inbred lines (B73 and Mo17) were analyzed using both near-infrared transmittance (NIT) and a 100-g wet-milling procedure. There were statistical differences (P < 0.05) in the yield of wet-milled fractions (starch, fiber, gluten, and germ). The GEM lines AR16035:S19-227-1-B and CUBA117:S1520-562-1-B had similar or better starch yield and starch recovery than B73 and the other adapted inbred lines, indicating that they may be useful in improving the proportion of extractable starch present in kernels of hybrids. Residual protein levels in the starch and gluten fractions were 0.26-0.32% and 38-45%, respectively. The starch yield of GEM lines from wet milling correlated positively with starch content from NIT and was negatively correlated with protein content of the corn kernels. Oil content in the germ varied from 50 to 60%. Our results indicate that incorporating GEM lines in a breeding program can maintain or even improve wet-milling characteristics of Corn Belt materials if lines with appropriate traits are used. C1 [Pollak, Linda M.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnson, Lawrence A.; Fox, Steven R.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnson, Lawrence A.; Fox, Steven R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pollak, LM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM linda.pollak@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 204 EP 209 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-2-0204 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NN UT WOS:000266408200015 ER PT J AU Kweon, M Slade, L Levine, H Martin, R Andrews, L Souza, E AF Kweon, Meera Slade, Louise Levine, Harry Martin, Ron Andrews, Lonnie Souza, Edward TI Effects of Extent of Chlorination, Extraction Rate, and Particle Size Reduction on Flour and Gluten Functionality Explored by Solvent Retention Capacity (SRC) and Mixograph SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHITE LAYER CAKE; AACC METHOD 56-11; SOFT WHEAT-FLOUR; PATENT FLOURS; WINTER-WHEAT; ANGEL FOOD; QUALITY; STARCH; PROTEINS; FRACTIONS C1 [Kweon, Meera; Martin, Ron; Andrews, Lonnie; Souza, Edward] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Slade, Louise; Levine, Harry] Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. RP Kweon, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM kweon.11@osu.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-2-0221 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NN UT WOS:000266408200017 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Ohm, JB McMullen, MS Riveland, NR AF Doehlert, Douglas C. Ohm, Jae-Bom McMullen, Michael S. Riveland, Neil R. TI Theoretical and Empirical Relationships Between Oat Test Weight and Groat Proportion SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPONENTS AB Test weight and groat proportion are two very important quality characteristics of oat grain. In this study, we pose the hypothesis that these two characteristics are related through characteristics of grain density. Test weight is defined as the product of kernel density and packing proportion. Groat proportion, in theory, is the ratio of the groat mass to the kernel mass. We present two theoretical constructions expressing test weight in terms of groat proportion, packing proportion and kernel density components. To test these, we have applied measurements of test weight, groat proportion, kernel density components, and packing proportion of 18 oat cultivars grown at six environments. Whereas the groat proportion alone accounted for only 34% of the variation in test weight, our theoretical constructions that included groat proportion could account for <= 82% of variation in test weight. Also, we present previously undescribed variation in oat kernel density components across genotypes and environments. Although the kernel density alone could account for most of the variation in test weight across genotypes, packing proportion appeared to be more important in describing variation in test weight of a genotype across different environments. We observed significant variation in both groat and hull density which, together with groat proportion, described most of the variation in kernel density. C1 [Doehlert, Douglas C.; Ohm, Jae-Bom] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Dept 7640, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [McMullen, Michael S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Dept 7640, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Riveland, Neil R.] NDSU Williston Res Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Dept 7640, Harris Hall,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-2-0239 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NN UT WOS:000266408200020 ER PT J AU Schmidt, WF Mookherji, S Crawford, MA AF Schmidt, Walter F. Mookherji, Swati Crawford, Michael A. TI Unit cell volume and liquid-phase immiscibility in oleate-stearate lipid mixtures SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Cubic unit cell volume; Oleic acid; Methyl oleate; Stearic acid; Immiscible lipid phases; Cloud point; Stoichiometry ID FATTY-ACIDS; TRIACYLGLYCEROL AB The structural basis of immiscibility of stearic acid (SA) in two unsaturated lipids at room temperature was examined. A 5% SA mixture in octadec-9-enoic acid (OA) is cloudy; a 5% SA solution in the methyl ester of OA (MeOA) is fully miscible. At 10% SA in MeOA, a clear and immiscible phase formed. The composition of this immiscible phase however was not 10% SA, but 25% SA. Adding additional SA altered the amount of the second phase, not its stoichiometry. Molecular mechanics explains the molecular basis for the ratio of saturated and unsaturated lipids in the different phases. Packing order of lipids within a unit volume explains the discrete lipid composition ratio forming each of the observed miscible and immiscible phases. The smallest unit cell volume that explains the observed stoichiometry is a cube (not a sphere). Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd C1 [Schmidt, Walter F.; Mookherji, Swati] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Crawford, Michael A.] Univ N London, Inst Brain Chem & Human Nutr, London N7 8DB, England. RP Schmidt, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM walter.schmidt@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD MAR PY 2009 VL 158 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.12.005 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 424RB UT WOS:000264583300002 PM 19150441 ER PT J AU Jang, EB Siderhurst, MS Conant, P Siderhurst, LA AF Jang, Eric B. Siderhurst, Matthew S. Conant, Patrick Siderhurst, Leigh A. TI Phenology and population radiation of the nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) in Hawai'i SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Darna pallivitta; Invasive insects; Moth phenology; Diel periodicity; Population radiation; Nettle caterpillar ID BRADLEYI; TRIMA AB The nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), is an invasive pest with established populations on three Hawai'ian islands. Indigenous to Southeast Asia, D. pallivitta caterpillars cause defoliation of ornamental nursery stock and pose a human health hazard due to their urticating hairs that can cause painful skin reactions. Identification of the pheromone component n-butyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (E7,9-10:COOnBu) from D. pallivitta has made it possible to investigate the phenology and population dynamics using baited traps. Male captures in Jackson traps baited with E7,9-10:COOnBu showed a vegetation preference for tall-grass fields and forest/grass interfaces over forest areas. Microlocation preferences were also found for trap height, with over 65% of males being caught in traps suspended at 1 m, compared with the traps at 3 and 5 m. Captures of male moths in traps baited with live females, and direct observations of female calling behavior, showed peak activities 6-7 h after the onset of scotophase. This is a much later communication period than for D. bradleyi and D. trima and may provide a mechanism by which D. pallivitta maintains reproductive isolation in areas where all three species are present. Coastal and inland transects established in eastern Hawai'i measured aspects of population fluctuations and radiation into new areas with relation to elevation and microclimate. Population expansion was measured by comparing moth population means and 80% population boundaries over time. Both population measures showed a higher expansion for the coastal transect. Differences in population expansion may be attributed in part to temperature and elevation, while precipitation does not seem to have a strong effect. Both the behavioral and ecological data collected can be used to optimize deployment of detection/control strategies and to predict population expansion/risk assessment for establishing quarantine protocols for the nettle caterpillar. C1 [Siderhurst, Matthew S.] Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Chem, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. [Jang, Eric B.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Conant, Patrick] Hawaii Dept Agr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Siderhurst, Leigh A.] James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Siderhurst, MS (reprint author), Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Chem, 1200 Park Rd, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. EM ms826@emu.edu FU Hawaii Invasive Species Council FX We would like to thank Lori Carvalho, Janice Nagata, and Esther Schneider for their assistance in conducting field experiments and moth rearing. We are most grateful to Clyde Hirayama for his work with the transect experiment. We are also grateful to Vladimir Maslenko of Exclusive Chemistry LTD, Obninsk, Russia for his synthesis of E7,9-10:COOnBu. This project was funded in part by a grant from the Hawaii Invasive Species Council. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 7 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s00049-009-0002-1 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420AM UT WOS:000264260800002 ER PT J AU Zada, A Falach, L Byers, JA AF Zada, Anat Falach, Lily Byers, John A. TI Development of sol-gel formulations for slow release of pheromones SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sol-gel; Dispenser; Pheromone; Semiochemicals; Lure; Release rates; Anarsia lineatella; Cydia pomonella ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; MECHANISMS MEDIATING DISRUPTION; GRAPHOLITA-MOLESTA LEPIDOPTERA; LONG MATING DISRUPTION; SEX-PHEROMONE; FIELD-EVALUATION; POINT SOURCES; TORTRICIDAE; COMMUNICATION; COMPONENT AB A new type of dispenser for slow-release of sex pheromones and other semiochemicals was developed based on sol-gel polymers that can be useful for monitoring, mass trapping, and mating disruption in integrated pest management (IPM). Sol-gel matrices exhibit glass characteristics and allow control of the degree of cross-linking during the polymerization process in order to provide an optimal release rate for a particular pheromone. The advantages of sol-gel (silica) matrixes include keeping the added molecules chemically stable and enabling the sol-gel material to be applied in any desired thickness and pheromone quantity, and thereby readily modify release rates. In addition, sol-gels are primarily silica and water that are common in the environment and therefore safe for field dispensing. We developed a method for the entrapment of pheromones in sol-gel matrices that allowed release at an almost constant rate over many days in the field. For example, 2.5 mg (E)-5-decenyl acetate pheromone of peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella, entrapped in various sol-gel formulations released 14-45 mu g/day for up to 28 days. The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) pheromone in sol-gels was used in field tests to capture more codling moth males than unbaited control traps. We describe how the method may be modified to entrap other types of pheromones by making sol-gels with different pore sizes. C1 [Zada, Anat; Falach, Lily] Agr Res Org, Dept Entomol Chem, Inst Plant Protect, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Byers, John A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Zada, A (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Dept Entomol Chem, Inst Plant Protect, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM anatzada@volcani.agri.gov.il FU GIF Young-Scientists Foundation [G-2057-1179.12/2002] FX We would like to thank the GIF Young-Scientists Foundation, Program No. G-2057-1179.12/2002 for supporting this research. We thank Mrs Ariela Niv of the Israeli Cotton Board and Mrs Miriam Harel of Institute of Plant Protection, ARO for their assistance. In addition we thank Dr. Ezra Dunkelblum, Institute of Plant Protection, AROand Prof. Albert Zilkha, Dept. of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem for helpful consultations and Mark Sarrabia, pest-supervisor of the orchards in Kibbutz Tzuba, for allowing us to conduct our experiments in the walnut orchard. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00049-009-0007-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420AM UT WOS:000264260800006 ER PT J AU Nol, P Lyashchenko, KP Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Waters, WR Palmer, MV Nonnecke, BJ Keefe, TJ Thacker, TC Rhyan, JC Aldwell, FE Salman, MD AF Nol, P. Lyashchenko, K. P. Greenwald, R. Esfandiari, J. Waters, W. R. Palmer, M. V. Nonnecke, B. J. Keefe, T. J. Thacker, T. C. Rhyan, J. C. Aldwell, F. E. Salman, M. D. TI Humoral Immune Responses of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination and Experimental Challenge with M. bovis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; CALMETTE-GUERIN; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; CATTLE; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; PROTECTION; PATHOLOGY AB Monitoring of the kinetics of production of serum antibodies to multiple mycobacterial antigens can be useful as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection as well as for the characterization of disease progression and the efficacy of intervention strategies in several species. The humoral immune responses to multiple M. bovis antigens by white-tailed deer vaccinated with BCG orally via a lipid-formulated bait (n = 5), orally in liquid form (n = 5), and subcutaneously (n = 6) were evaluated over time after vaccination and after experimental challenge with virulent M. bovis and were compared to the responses by unvaccinated deer (n = 6). Antibody responses were evaluated by using a rapid test (RT), a multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA), a lipoarabinomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LAM-ELISA), and immunoblotting to whole-cell sonicate and recombinant antigen MPB83. MAPIA and RT detected minimal to no antibody responses over those at the baseline to multiple M. bovis antigens in vaccinated white-tailed deer after challenge. This was in contrast to the presence of more readily detectable antibody responses in nonvaccinated deer with more advanced disease. The LAM-ELISA results indicated an overall decrease in the level of production of detectable antibodies against lipoarabinomannan-enriched mycobacterial antigen in vaccinated animals compared to that in nonvaccinated animals after challenge. Immunoblot data were inconsistent but did suggest the occurrence of unique antibody responses by certain vaccinated groups to Ag85 and HSP70. These findings support further research toward the improvement and potential use of antibody-based assays, such as MAPIA, RT, and LAM-ELISA, as tools for the antemortem assessment of disease progression in white-tailed deer in both experimental and field vaccine trials. C1 [Nol, P.; Rhyan, J. C.] USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nol, P.; Salman, M. D.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lyashchenko, K. P.; Greenwald, R.; Esfandiari, J.] Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY USA. [Waters, W. R.; Palmer, M. V.; Nonnecke, B. J.; Thacker, T. C.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Keefe, T. J.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aldwell, F. E.] Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Nol, P (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM pauline.nol@aphis.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1128/CVI.00392-08 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414HJ UT WOS:000263854200005 PM 19129468 ER PT J AU Miller, LC Lager, KM Kehrli, ME AF Miller, Laura C. Lager, Kelly M. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. TI Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Activation of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; INTERFERON-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; INFECTION; SWINE; PRRSV; INNATE; CELLS; PCR; RESPONSIVENESS AB Control of virus replication initially depends on rapid activation of the innate immune response. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are potent inducers of innate immunity against viral infections. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a positive-sense RNA virus, initiates infection in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), elicits weak immune responses, and establishes a persistent infection. To understand the role of single-stranded RNA and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates in eliciting host immunity, we sought to determine if TLRs, particularly those that respond to viral molecular patterns, are involved in PRRSV infection. Activation of TLR3 in PAMs with dsRNA increased gene expression for alpha interferon and suppressed PRRSV infectivity. In contrast, TLR4 activation by the treatment of PAMs with lipopolysaccharide did not influence PRRSV infectivity. C1 [Miller, Laura C.; Lager, Kelly M.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Miller, LC (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM laura.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 360 EP 365 DI 10.1128/CVI.00269-08 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414HJ UT WOS:000263854200010 PM 19144789 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, DM Waters, WR Lyashchenko, KP Nonnecke, BJ Armstrong, DL Jacobs, WR Larsen, MH Egan, E Dean, GA AF Zimmerman, Dawn M. Waters, W. Ray Lyashchenko, Konstantin P. Nonnecke, Brian J. Armstrong, Douglas L. Jacobs, William R., Jr. Larsen, Michelle H. Egan, Erin Dean, Gregg A. TI Safety and Immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Delta lysA Delta panCD Vaccine in Domestic Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; NATIONAL-PARK; BOVIS; CATTLE; ANTIGEN; LIONS AB Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive and FIV-negative cats (n = 4/group) received 2 x 10(6) CFU Mycobacterium tuberculosis Delta lysA Delta panCD intramuscularly. Vaccination elicited antibody responses, albeit at lower levels in FIV-positive cats than in FIV-negative cats. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were minimal in both groups. No adverse reactions were found. C1 [Zimmerman, Dawn M.] Memphis Zoo & Aquarium, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Waters, W. Ray; Nonnecke, Brian J.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Lyashchenko, Konstantin P.] Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NJ USA. [Armstrong, Douglas L.] Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, NE USA. [Jacobs, William R., Jr.; Larsen, Michelle H.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Jacobs, William R., Jr.; Larsen, Michelle H.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Egan, Erin; Dean, Gregg A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Zimmerman, DM (reprint author), Memphis Zoo & Aquarium, 2000 Prentiss Pl, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. EM dzimmerman@memphiszoo.org RI dean, gilly/D-9849-2011 FU Memphis Zoo and Aquarium FX We thank Jim McNair for kindly providing recombinant antigens from M. bovis and Thierry Olivry for performing the intradermal tuberculin tests. In addition, we acknowledge Jenny Sun and Shelly Zimmerman for excellent technical support. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1128/CVI.00396-08 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414HJ UT WOS:000263854200020 PM 19144788 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Chamorro-Lacayo, ML Savini, VP AF Konstantinov, Alexander S. Lourdes Chamorro-Lacayo, Maria Savini, Vilma P. TI A NEW GENUS OF MOSS-INHABITING FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FROM NICARAGUA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Nicaltica new genus and new species (N. selvanegra Konstantinov, Chamorro-Lacayo and Savini) from moss habitat in Nicaragua are described and illustrated. Nicaltica is compared to Kiskeya Konstantinov and Chamorro-Lacayo, Monotalla Bechyne, and Normaltica Konstantinov. C1 [Konstantinov, Alexander S.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lourdes Chamorro-Lacayo, Maria] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Savini, Vilma P.] Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Agron, Museo Inst Zool Agr, Maracay 2101A, Aragua, Venezuela. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov; cham0138@umn.edu; vsgioia@gmail.com NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1649/1127b.1 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 436WV UT WOS:000265447700001 ER PT J AU Prena, J AF Prena, Jens TI Apostasimerini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae). Rectification of authorship, year of publication, rank, and taxa included SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Prena, J (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 1 BP 33 EP 34 DI 10.1649/0010-065X-63.1.33 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 436WV UT WOS:000265447700004 ER PT J AU Scaboo, AM Pantalone, VR Walker, DR Boerma, HR West, DR Walker, FR Sams, CE AF Scaboo, A. M. Pantalone, V. R. Walker, D. R. Boerma, H. R. West, D. R. Walker, F. R. Sams, C. E. TI Confirmation of Molecular Markers and Agronomic Traits Associated with Seed Phytate Content in Two Soybean RIL Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REDUCED PHYTATE; PHOSPHORUS; PROTEIN; LINES; LOCI; REGISTRATION; EMERGENCE; NEMATODE AB The concentration of phytate is an important consideration when analyzing feed grain for livestock. Simple sequence repeat markers Satt237 and Satt561 were found to be linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for phytate concentration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed. Previous research also established a significant correlation between seed inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and seed phytate. The objectives of this study were to confirm these QTL in independent environments and populations, to compare the effectiveness of marker-assisted selection with that of phenotypic selection for low phytate, and to evaluate agronomic traits associated with low phytate soybean. The low phytate soybean mutant CX1834-1-2 was crossed with the cultivar 5601T and line S97-1688 to form two populations. The Satt237 marker was linked to a major OTL (R(2) > 0.10) governing seed phytate, and Satt561 was linked to a minor QTL (R(2) < 0.10) in both populations. These two confirmed QTL have been named cqPha-001 and cqPha-002. The phenotypic correlations were significant (P < 0.05) for plant height (r = 0.26), seed protein (r = -0.19), and seed oil (r = 0.17). Phenotypic selection was found to be more effective in lowering mean phytate levels and more cost efficient. C1 [Scaboo, A. M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Pantalone, V. R.; West, D. R.; Sams, C. E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Walker, F. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Walker, D. R.] USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Boerma, H. R.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Scaboo, AM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ascaboo@uark.edu FU United Soybean Board; Better Bean Initiative; The Consortium for plant Biotechnology Research; Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board; Tennessee Agriculture Experiment Station FX Funding from the United Soybean Board, Better Bean Initiative, The Consortium for plant Biotechnology Research, and by the Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board is greatly appreciated. Continued support by the Tennessee Agriculture Experiment Station is also highly appreciated. We would like to express our thanks to Debbie Ellis for her contributions to this project. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.11.0614 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000007 ER PT J AU Bachlava, E Dewey, RE Burton, JW Cardinal, AJ AF Bachlava, Eleni Dewey, Ralph E. Burton, Joseph W. Cardinal, Andrea J. TI Mapping and Comparison of Quantitative Trait Loci for Oleic Acid Seed Content in Two Segregating Soybean Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; FATTY-ACID; LINOLENIC ACID; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; DESATURASE GENES; OIL; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; SELECTION; QTL AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] produces 29.4% of the world's edible vegetable oil. An important determinant of the nutritional value and the oxidative stability of soybean oil is the oleic acid content. Elevation of the oleate content levels leads to the improvement of soybean oil quality. However, our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying oleate variation in soybean seeds remains incomplete, hampering the use of marker-assisted selection in soybean breeding programs. We used a whole-genome scan approach to identify oleate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a soybean population segregating for oleic acid content and a cognate segregating population to confirm oleate QTL. A novel oleate QTL with moderate effects was revealed on linkage group F in the proximity of the simple sequence repeat marker sat_309, which was confirmed in both populations across all environments tested. Furthermore, this study verified the existence of an oleate QTL with moderate effects in the proximity of FAD2-1B isoform on linkage group 1, which interacted epistatically with the oleate QTL on linkage group F. Oleate QTLs with moderate effects were also detected on linkage groups A2 and N only in one of the populations under study. Minor QTLs on linkage groups E, L, All, and D2 confirmed previous mapping studies for oleate content in soybean. C1 [Bachlava, Eleni; Dewey, Ralph E.; Burton, Joseph W.; Cardinal, Andrea J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burton, Joseph W.] USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Cardinal, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM andrea_cardinal@ncsu.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative [2003-35300-13190]; United Soybean Board FX The authors would like to thank William Novitzky at the USDA-ARS Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Raleigh, NC for providing training and equipment for the fatty acid analysis. This project was funded by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative, Plant Genome Program (award number 2003-35300-13190), and by the United Soybean Board. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 433 EP 442 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0324 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000008 ER PT J AU Wardyn, BM Edwards, JW Lamkey, KK AF Wardyn, Brandon M. Edwards, Jode W. Lamkey, Kendall R. TI Inbred-Progeny Selection Is Predicted to Be Inferior to Half-Sib Selection for Three Maize Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; FAMILY SELECTION; RELATIVES; COVARIANCES; SELF; EFFICIENCIES; IMPROVEMENT; DOMINANCE; YIELD AB Historically, inbred progeny selection has been promoted as an effective means of improving both inbred and outbred performance, and in some cases as being superior to other methods. Advances in theory and new estimates of genotypic covariance components have allowed us to make better predictions of gain from inbred progeny selection than previously available. We developed predicted gain equations using a full model, based on new theory and estimates, and a reduced model, which contained only the additive genetic variance in the numerator, for three maize (Zea mays L.) populations, BS13(S)C0, BSCB1(R)C13, and 3L Comp (HS-S(1))(S1). Outbred progeny selection was superior to inbred progeny selection for plant height and grain yield when the response unit was the outbred population. Inbred progeny selection was superior for plant height in both populations and more effective for grain yield in BS13(S)C0 in inbred response units. Negative estimates of the covariance parameter D(1) reduced predicted gain for inbred progeny selection in the full model in comparison to the reduced model when D(1) was ignored. C1 [Edwards, Jode W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS CICGRU, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wardyn, Brandon M.] AgReliant Genet LLC, Gibbon, NE 68840 USA. [Lamkey, Kendall R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Chair & Pioneer Distinguished Chair Maize Breedin, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Edwards, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS CICGRU, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jode.edwards@ars.usda.gov RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.12.0677 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000009 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, L Nason, JD Jannink, JL AF Gutierrez, Lucia Nason, John D. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Diversity and Mega-Targets of Selection from the Characterization of a Barley Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN SPRING BARLEY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CULTIVATED PLANTS; TESTING LOCATIONS; WINTER BARLEY; GGE BIPLOT; ADAPTATION; ENVIRONMENTS; RESISTANCE; RESOURCES AB Germplasm exchange is essential for assuring genetic gain in a breeding program. Two aspects of breeding programs are relevant to making them compatible for germplasm exchange: the amount of genetic diversity within programs and the identification of breeding programs with similar breeding objectives and environments of selection (i.e., mega-targets of selection). The objective of this study was to develop a data-driven method to group breeding programs likely to be compatible for germplasm exchange and to use phenotypic characterization data of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from breeding programs to illustrate this method. In two locations in Uruguay we evaluated 20 traits in 353 genotypes of barley from 23 private and public breeding programs distributed worldwide. We found significant amounts of genetic diversity for all traits, but differences in diversity among programs for only seven traits. We identified programs with high (Western Australia Department of Agriculture; University of Saskatchewan; and Svalof Weibull Ab, Sweden) and low diversity (winter program of Osijek Agricultural Institute, Croatia; spring program of Osijek Agricultural Institute, Croatia; Saatzucht Josef Breun, Germany; Busch Agricultural Resources; USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID; and University of Minnesota). We developed a methodology that groups programs with similar performance and response to the environments. We used the methodology to group the 23 breeding programs of barley into sets that might benefit most from germplasm exchange. The identification of compatible programs for germplasm exchange could be relevant for improving genetic gains in breeding programs. C1 [Gutierrez, Lucia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nason, John D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. RP Gutierrez, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM luciag@fagro.edu.uy FU Land Institute FX We thank all breeders who provided seed: J. Eglinton (University of Adelaide, Australia), C. Li (Western Australia Department of Agriculture), J. Helin (Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development), B. Rossnagel (University of Saskatchewan), I. Matus (National Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute Chile), J.E. Diaz (National Agricultural and Livestocj Research Institute, Uruguay), B. Cooper (Busch Agricultural Resources and the Busch Agricultural Resources international program), D. Obert (USA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID), K. Smith (University of Minnesota), J. Franckowiak (University of North Dakota, two-row program), R. Horsley (University of North Dakota, six-row program), S. Ullrich (Washington State University), J. Lohde (Svalof Weibull Ab, Sweden), M.H. Poulsen (the Abed Foundation, Denmark), B. Eriksen (the Abed Foundation, Denmark), J. Breun (Saatzucht Josef Breun, Germany), and A. Lalic (spring and winter programs of Osijek Agricultural Institute, Croatia). The authors thank Dean Adams for his comments and suggestions. We also thank the research group at INIA La Estanzuela in Uruguay for support with field evaluations. L.G. was supported by a Natural Systems Agriculture Fellowship from the Land Institute during this Study. We thank Flavio Capettini and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 483 EP 497 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0060 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000014 ER PT J AU Moon, HS Nicholson, JS Heineman, A Lion, K van der Hoeven, P Hayes, AJ Lewis, RS AF Moon, H. S. Nicholson, J. S. Heineman, A. Lion, K. van der Hoeven, P. Hayes, A. J. Lewis, R. S. TI Changes in Genetic Diversity of US Flue-Cured Tobacco Germplasm over Seven Decades of Cultivar Development SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPRING WHEAT GERMPLASM; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; TEMPORAL TRENDS; MARKER ANALYSIS; RAPD MARKERS; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; ACCESSIONS; AFLP; L. AB Plant breeding methodologies have been applied to flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for approximately seven decades. As has been observed in several other crops, stringent quality requirements have resulted in use of conservative breeding strategies in the development of new cultivars. The impact of breeding practices on genetic diversity within U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm has not been investigated. In this study, we genotyped 117 tobacco cultivars from eight sequential time periods with 71 microsatellite primer pairs. A total of 294 alleles were scored. Only a fraction (48%) of alleles present in the initial germplasm pool was represented in cultivars released during the 1990s and 2000s. Only 13 and 18 alleles were detected in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively, which were undetected in the initial gene pool. The overall trend was one of gradual reduction in allelic counts at microsatellite loci, indicating a reduction in diversity over time at the gene level. Average genetic similarity was highest among cultivars of the 1990s and 2000s, reflecting a reduction in genetic diversity at the population level. This observed narrowing of the U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm base in combination with low rates of genetic gain for yield in the last 20 years may point to a need for diversification of parental materials used in future breeding crosses. Reported genetic relationships among the group of genotyped cultivars may be valuable for future strategic germplasm choices. C1 [Moon, H. S.; Lewis, R. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nicholson, J. S.] USDA APHIS Plant Protect & Quarantine, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Heineman, A.; Lion, K.] Lancaster Labs, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. [van der Hoeven, P.; Hayes, A. J.] Philip Morris Inc, Richmond, VA 23261 USA. RP Lewis, RS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ramsey_lewis@ncsu.edu FU Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International FX The authors are grateful to Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International for financial Support of the NCSU tobacco genetics research program. The authors also thank Dr. Yong-Bi Fu of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for providing SAS code and helpful comments relative to this research project. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 498 EP 508 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.05.0253 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000015 ER PT J AU Hamernik, AJ Hanneman, RE Jansky, SH AF Hamernik, A. J. Hanneman, R. E., Jr. Jansky, S. H. TI Introgression of Wild Species Germplasm with Extreme Resistance to Cold Sweetening into the Cultivated Potato SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; CHIP COLOR; DIPLOID POTATO; TAXONOMIC PREDICTIVITY; BREEDING PROGRAM; ACID INVERTASE; QUALITY TRAITS; FRY COLOR; SOLANUM AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeders are interested in developing chipping cultivars that can be stored at cold temperatures to reduce storage losses and increase profitability for potato producers. Commercial cultivars accumulate reducing sugars during cold storage, resulting in unacceptably dark chips when processed. In this study, we have identified diploid wild Solarium species accessions that are resistant to cold-induced sweetening at very low storage temperatures (2 degrees C). Selected accessions were crossed as males to haploids (2n = 2x) of S. tuberosum to produce adapted hybrids, some of which produce acceptable chips following 3 mo of storage at 2 degrees C. Reconditioning for 6 d at 20 to 22 degrees C increased the number of clones with acceptable chip scores by threefold. The best wild species parents were S. raphanifolium 296126, 310998, and 210048. While parental chip scores help to predict offspring performance, progeny testing is important to identify the best cross combinations. The best hybrids have been introgressed into diploid and tetraploid breeding clones. These hybrids produce good tuber type and low levels of reducing sugars under extremely low storage temperatures. C1 [Hamernik, A. J.; Hanneman, R. E., Jr.; Jansky, S. H.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu NR 63 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 529 EP 542 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.04.0209 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000018 ER PT J AU Johnson, ES Bekele, FL Brown, SJ Song, QJ Zhang, DP Meinhardt, LW Schnell, RJ AF Johnson, Elizabeth S. Bekele, Frances L. Brown, Steven J. Song, Qijian Zhang, Dapeng Meinhardt, Lyndel W. Schnell, Raymond J. TI Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Trinitario Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) from Trinidad and Tobago SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FROSTY POD ROT; MONILIOPHTHORA-RORERI; LINKAGE MAP; IDENTIFICATION; ACCESSIONS; MARKERS AB Population structure of the old Trinitario cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Trinidad was evaluated from the 35-microsatellite multilocus profile of 32 relict clones from abandoned cocoa estates in Trinidad (TRD) and 88 Imperial College selections (ICS) clones conserved in the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. Ancestry was derived by comparison to 34 representative genotypes of Criollo, Central American, and Lower and Upper Amazon origin. The 154 individuals separated into four populations in this study, labeled Population 1-Upper Amazon; Population 2-Ecuadorian; Population 3-Lower Amazon; and Population 4-Trinitario. Over 90% of the individuals demonstrated 70 to 99% membership to their respective populations. The ICS and TRD clones formed a genetically homogenous group, 84% of which clustered in Population 4 with clones of pure Criollo descent. Another 10% clustered in Population 1 containing clones of Upper Amazon descent. The cacao population of Trinidad is genetically different from clones of Ecuadorian and Lower Amazon descent, Populations 2 and 3, respectively. The 10 most discriminating loci for each population were different as shown by polymorphism information content values for each of the 35 microsatellite loci. This is the first report to provide a strong genetic basis for the industry flavor distinction of Trinitario and Ecuadorian cacaos. These findings significantly impact germplasm fingerprinting and curatorship and maintenance of industry flavor classes while breeding for disease resistance in cacao. C1 [Johnson, Elizabeth S.; Zhang, Dapeng; Meinhardt, Lyndel W.] USDA ARS, PSI, SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bekele, Frances L.] Univ W Indies, Cocoa Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Brown, Steven J.; Schnell, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Song, Qijian] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Song, Qijian] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, ES (reprint author), CABI Caribbean & Latin Amer, Gordon St, Curepe, Trinid & Tobago. EM 1.johnson@cabi.org OI Bekele, Frances/0000-0002-4345-4358 FU USDA FX The authors wish to thank Allan Meneses and Clare Bowen-O'Connor for technical assistance and Drs. Ainong Shi of the Institute of Genomic Diversity, Cornell Univ., and Sue Mischke of the USDA for reviewing this manuscript. The advice of Dr. Fernando Casanoves of CATIE in the precise application of INFO-GEN for data analyses is greatly appreciated. This work was funded by the USDA. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 564 EP 572 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.03.0128 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000022 ER PT J AU Townsend, MS Henning, JA AF Townsend, M. Shaun Henning, John A. TI AFLP Discrimination of Native North American and Cultivated Hop SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMULUS-LUPULUS L.; VAR. LUPULOIDES; WILD HOPS; MICROSATELLITE; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; REGISTRATION; VARIABILITY; GENOTYPES; VARIANTS AB Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is cultivated for the female flowers, or "cones," which traditionally have been used as a bittering and flavoring agent in beer. Hop breeding historically relied on relatively simple selection techniques within established breeding lines. Supplementing current breeding material with new genetic sources would enhance a hop breeder's ability to select for new traits. The objective of this research was to assess the genetic relationship of H. lupulus var. lupuloides and H. lupulus var. pubescens accessions with hop germplasm currently utilized by hop breeding programs. A total of 60 hop accessions representing both cultivated (n = 21) and native (n = 39) Humulus were evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. The four primer combinations used generated 296 scorable fragments of which 176 (59.5%) were polymorphic. Principal components analysis and hierarchal cluster analysis showed the native American accessions clustering separately from the cultivated germplasm. Within each of the two main groups, two smaller subgroups were evident with H. lupulus var. lupuloides and H. lupulus var. pubescens segregated into unique clusters. This research provides the first molecular genetic evidence of H. lupulus var. pubescens and H. lupulus var. lupuloides being two separate botanical varieties. Results from this research suggest incorporating the native American hop accessions studied in this experiment would enhance the genetic diversity within hop breeding programs. C1 [Townsend, M. Shaun] Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Henning, John A.] USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Townsend, MS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM townsenm@onid.orst.edu NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 600 EP 607 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.03.0182 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000026 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Smith, JR Ray, JD Gillen, AM AF Bellaloui, Nacer Smith, James R. Ray, Jeffery D. Gillen, Anne M. TI Effect of Maturity on Seed Composition in the Early Soybean Production System as Measured on Near-Isogenic Soybean Lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; PROTEIN; OIL; TEMPERATURE; GENOTYPES AB The effect of maturity (time to maturity) on seed composition in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes is not well understood because maturity is generally confounded with genotypic background. Therefore, the effects of maturity on seed composition were estimated in two sets of near isogenic soybean lines ('Clark' and 'Harosoy'), where the maturity of each line within a set varied, but all had a common genotypic background. There was a positive linear relationship between protein concentration and maturity among isolines of the Clark set in 2004 (r(2) = 0.75; P <= 0.001) and 2005 (r(2) = 0.63; P <= 0.001). However, in Harosoy isolines there was no relationship between protein and maturity. There was a negative linear relationship between oil concentration and maturity for Clark (in 2004, r(2) = 0.82, P <= 0.001; in 2005, r(2) = 0.91, P <= 0.0001) and Harosoy (in 2004, r(2) = 0.19, P <= 0.05; in 2005, r(2) = 0.36, P <= 0.01). Maturity had greater effects on seed composition than maximum temperature. The results indicate that the relationship between seed composition and maturity was different between the Clark and Harosoy sets of isolines. However, the overall mean of protein and oil concentration was not different between genotypic backgrounds. This information will be useful for soybean breeding in developing new germplasm for seed composition. C1 [Bellaloui, Nacer; Smith, James R.; Ray, Jeffery D.; Gillen, Anne M.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 608 EP 620 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.04.0192 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000027 ER PT J AU Bauer, PJ Foulk, JA Gamble, GR Sadler, EJ AF Bauer, Philip J. Foulk, Jonn A. Gamble, Gary R. Sadler, E. John TI A Comparison of Two Cotton Cultivars Differing in Maturity for Within-Canopy Fiber Property Variation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; ENVIRONMENTS; YIELD; BOLL AB Improving uniformity in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber properties increases fiber processing performance. Our objective was to compare two cultivars differing in relative maturity for within-canopy variability of fiber physical properties and fiber surface chemical constituents. The cultivars (DPL 555 BG/RR [mid-full maturity] and PM 1218 BG/RR [early maturity]) were grown in plots on a Goldsboro loamy sand in 2004 and 2005. Fiber physical properties and extractable glucose and salts were determined on first (FP1) and second (FP2) reproductive branch position bolls. Whole-crop yield and fiber properties were determined after machine harvest. The two cultivars did not differ for whole-crop yield (2-yr mean of 1040 kg ha(-1)) in either year. Averaged over all mainstem node positions, DPL 555 had fibers that were longer and finer than fiber of PM 1218 in both years. PM 1218 had higher fiber glucose and fiber extract conductivity than DPL 555 among FP1 bolls both years. First-branch-position bolls that developed early during a prolonged rain-free period in 2005 had shorter fibers that were coarser than bolls that began developing near the end of the rain-free period. The data suggest water-deficit stress conditions during boll development affects fiber length of these two cultivars similarly, but water-deficit stress effect on fiber secondary wall characteristics is genotype dependent. C1 [Bauer, Philip J.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Foulk, Jonn A.; Gamble, Gary R.] USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Sadler, E. John] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM phil.bauer@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0350 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425RE UT WOS:000264654000032 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Farrow, RL Sperandio, V Hughes, DT Lawrence, TE Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, T. S. Farrow, R. L. Sperandio, V. Hughes, D. T. Lawrence, T. E. Callaway, T. R. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Acyl-Homoserine-Lactone Autoinducer in the Gastrointesinal Tract of Feedlot Cattle and Correlation to Season, E-Coli O157:H7 Prevalence, and Diet SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE; EXOGENOUS MELATONIN; O157-H7; SHEEP; COLONIZATION; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; CULTURE AB Acyl-homoserine-lactone autoinducer (AHL) produced by nonenterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli species in cattle appears to be required for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The current research aimed to examine the effect of season, diet, EHEC shedding, and location within the GIT on AHL prevalence in the ruminant. Luminal content samples were collected from the rumen and rectum of feedlot cattle at slaughter in the spring, summer, fall, and winter for culture of E. coli O157:H7 and AHL determination. During the spring collection, samples were additionally collected from the cecum and small intestine, but these samples all were AHL negative and therefore not examined again. To assess the influence of diet on AHL prevalence, 14 lambs were fed either 100% forage or 80% concentrate diets and experimentally inoculated with EHEC. At 8 days after infection, all the lambs were killed, and necropsies were taken, with luminal contents collected from the GIT. The collections from the feedlot cattle had AHL in 100% of the rumen content samples from the spring, summer, and fall, but not in any of the winter samples. No other GIT samples from feedlot cattle were AHL positive, and all the samples from the sheep study were AHL negative. The cattle seemed to show a weak correlation between ruminal AHL and EHEC prevalence. This research found AHL only in the rumen and not in the lower GIT of feedlot cattle. However, it is unclear whether this is because the pH of the lower gut destroys the AHL or because a lack of certain bacteria in the lower gut producing AHL. C1 [Edrington, T. S.; Callaway, T. R.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Farrow, R. L.; Lawrence, T. E.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Sperandio, V.; Hughes, D. T.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu FU National Cattlemen's Beef Association FX This research was funded in part by beef and veal producers and importers through their $1-per-head check-off. It was produced for the Cattlemen's Beef Board and state beef councils by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s00284-008-9312-8 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 403GU UT WOS:000263071900007 PM 18982388 ER PT J AU Fedor, D Kelley, DS AF Fedor, Dawn Kelley, Darshan S. TI Prevention off insulin resistance by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE alpha linolenic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; insulin resistance; insulin sensitivity ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; OBESE SUBJECTS; FISH-OIL; SENSITIVITY; SUPPLEMENTATION; INFLAMMATION; ADIPONECTIN AB Purpose of review Review results from recent human and animal studies regarding the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the prevention of insulin resistance. Recent findings Overall, results from animal studies indicate that fish oil and individual n-3 PUFA [(x-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] prevented insulin resistance in animal models; results from two studies in mice showed that EPA increased insulin secretion. ALA, EPA, and DHA may act at different sites and involve different mechanisms. Fish oil or purified EPA reduced insulin resistance in some but not other human studies in normal weight and obese individuals. Discrepancies may be due to differences in health status of participants, macronutrient, fatty acid, and antioxidant nutrient composition of basal diet; amount, duration, and fatty acid composition of n-3 PUFA, and methods used to assess insulin resistance. Moderate amounts of n-3 PUFA did not improve or deteriorate glucose control in type 2 diabetics. Summary n-3 PUFA supplementation has clinical significance in the prevention and reversal of insulin resistance. However, increased intake of n-3 PUFA should be part of an overall healthy lifestyle that includes weight control, exercise, and reduction in the intake of refined sugars, n-6, saturated, and trans fatty acids. C1 [Fedor, Dawn; Kelley, Darshan S.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, WHNRC,Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, WHNRC,Dept Nutr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Darshan.Kelley@ARS.USDA.GOV FU US Department of Agriculture FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture. Reference to a company or product name does not imply approval or recommendation of the product by the US Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 40 TC 127 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD MAR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283218299 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420DK UT WOS:000264268500006 PM 19202385 ER PT J AU Molenaar, EA Massaro, JM Jacques, PF Pou, KM Ellison, RC Hoffmann, U Pencina, K Shadwick, SD Vasan, RS O'Donnell, CJ Fox, CS AF Molenaar, Esther A. Massaro, Joseph M. Jacques, Paul F. Pou, Karia M. Ellison, R. Curtis Hoffmann, Udo Pencina, Karol Shadwick, Steven D. Vasan, Ramachandran S. O'Donnell, Christopher J. Fox, Caroline S. TI Association of Lifestyle Factors With Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adiposity SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-FAT; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; WOMEN; MEN; FRAMINGHAM; RISK AB OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between lifestyle factors and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a community-based setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Cross-sectional associations between lifestyle factors (dietary quality, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) and SAT and VAT volumes were examined in 2,920 Framingham Heart Study participants (48.6% women, aged 50 +/- 10 years). RESULTS - Diets consistent wit lithe 200 5 Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index and greater physical activity were inversely associated with SAT and VAT (P < 0.0001-0.002). In men, former smoking was associated with higher SAT (2,743 +/- 56 cm(3)) compared with current smokers (2,629 +/- 88 cm(3)) or those who never smoked (2,538 +/- 44 cm(3); P = 0.02). Both former and current smoking was associated with higher VAT (P = 0.03 [women]; P = 0.005 [men]). Women with high amounts of alcohol intake (>7 drinks/week) had lower SAT (2,869 +/- 106 cm(3)) than those who consumed less alcohol (3,184 +/- 44 cm(3), P = 0.006); significant differences in VAT were not observed (P = 0.18). In men, high amounts of alcohol intake (>14 drinks/week) were associated with higher VAT (2,272 +/- 59 cm(3)) compared with intake of <= 14 drinks/week (2,139 +/- 25 cm(3), P = 0.04), wlicicas SAT did not differ (P = 0.91). An increasing number of healthy lifestyle factors were associated with lower SAT and VAT volumes (all P < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS - Adherence to recommended dietary guidelines and physical activity ire associated with lower SAT and VAT volumes. However, both smoking and high alcohol intake arc differentially associated with VAT volumes. Further research to uncover the putative mechanisms is warranted. C1 [Pou, Karia M.; Fox, Caroline S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Pou, Karia M.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Fox, Caroline S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Molenaar, Esther A.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Molenaar, Esther A.] Municipal Hlth Serv Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Massaro, Joseph M.; Pencina, Karol] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cardiol & Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hoffmann, Udo] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiac Magnet Resonace Positron Tomog Comp Tomog, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Shadwick, Steven D.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Fox, Caroline S.] NHLBI, Bramingham Heart Study, Bramingham, MA USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Fox, CS (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM loxca@nhlbi.nih.gov OI Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [(N01-HC-25195), 2K24 HL 04334]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; Dutch Heart Foundation FX The Framingham Heart Study is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (N01-HC-25195). E.A.M. is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and the Dutch Heart Foundation. R.S.V. is supported in part by 2K24 HL 04334 (NHLBI). NR 25 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.2337/dc08-1382 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 417EX UT WOS:000264060400026 PM 19074991 ER PT J AU Poll, M Naylor, BJ Alexander, JM Edwards, PJ Dietz, H AF Poll, Myriam Naylor, Bridgett J. Alexander, Jake M. Edwards, Peter J. Dietz, Hansjoerg TI Seedling establishment of Asteraceae forbs along altitudinal gradients: a comparison of transplant experiments in the native and introduced ranges SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Altitude; biological invasions; disturbance; environmental gradients; plant invasions; roadsides; transplant experiment ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; MOUNTAIN; FACILITATION; COMPETITION; EVOLUTION; STRESS; HAWAII; ALPS AB Since ecological and evolutionary context changes when a plant species is introduced to a new area, it can be assumed that responses of alien plants to changing conditions along environmental gradients differ from those in their native range. Even if seed availability is not limited, the distribution of alien plants along such a gradient might still be restricted by their ability to germinate and establish as seedlings. In the present study, we aim at testing what factors promote or limit plant invasions during early establishment by using altitude as a model gradient. Altitudinal gradients in the Wallowa Mountains (Oregon, USA) and the Swiss Alps (Valais, Switzerland). In transplant experiments along altitudinal gradients, we investigated the early establishment success of eight invasive alien Asteraceae species in their native and introduced ranges in the Wallowa Mountains and the Swiss Alps. Seedling recruitment was not restricted to relatively lower altitudes in the introduced range. In addition, we found no evidence for genetic adaptation along the altitudinal gradient in the introduced range, highlighting the importance of phenotypic flexibility for invasions. Furthermore, seedling recruitment was only enhanced by disturbance in the native range where vegetation was comparably dense but not in the introduced range. However, plant development was strongly delayed in the introduced range, probably due to low seasonal water availability. We conclude that introduced plants, due to their ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, are not necessarily more restricted in their altitudinal limits than they are in their native range. Furthermore, due to other interacting factors (e.g. different competition situations among ranges), attempts to predict distributions of alien plants in the introduced range that are based on their distributions in the native range may be misleading. C1 [Poll, Myriam; Alexander, Jake M.; Edwards, Peter J.; Dietz, Hansjoerg] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Naylor, Bridgett J.] Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Poll, M (reprint author), IDRC, WSL Inst Schnee & Lawinenforsch, Fluelastr 11, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. EM myriam.poll@alumni.ethz.ch RI Alexander, Jake/P-2580-2014 OI Alexander, Jake/0000-0003-2226-7913 FU Swiss National Science Foundation FX C. Parks and the La Grande Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory provided support in the Wallowa Mountains. S. Gusewell provided statistical advice. S. Schmid, A. Popping and P. Burgel kindly helped with the fieldwork. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. The project was funded by a grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation to HD. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 254 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00540.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 405SH UT WOS:000263244000008 ER PT J AU McDonald, AK Kinucan, RJ Loomis, LE AF McDonald, Alyson K. Kinucan, Robert J. Loomis, Lynn E. TI Ecohydrological interactions within banded vegetation in the northeastern Chihuahuan Desert, USA SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE resource reallocation; source; sink; runoff; infiltration; semi-arid ID SOUTH-WEST NIGER; TIGER BUSH; SEMIARID LANDSCAPES; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS; STRIPES; ARCS AB Landscape patterns, consisting of alternating densely vegetated bands and sparsely vegetated interbands, occur in semi-arid and arid re,ions of Africa, Asia, Australia and North America. The structure of vegetation patterns has been well documented, but a wide array of underlying environmental factors and ecological processes have been suggested, with no consensus regarding the genesis and persistence of these patterns. The purpose of this study was to assess ecohydrological interactions within this banded pattern by quantifying reallocation of rainfall and soil sediments. Even subtle redistribution impacted plant biomass production and species composition. Although runoff losses from interbands accounted for only 4% total rainfall, reallocation supported tree species and bunchgrasses that would not be sustained if precipitation were evenly distributed. Additionally, a rainfall threshold was identified. When storm totals exceeded 16 mm, even the densely vegetated bands were unable to capture all the rainfall and run-on from the upslope, sodgrass interbands; a portion of the runoff from interbands flowed through the vegetated bands and continued downslope into the next interband. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [McDonald, Alyson K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, College Stn, TX 79735 USA. [Kinucan, Robert J.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. [Loomis, Lynn E.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Marfa, TX 79843 USA. RP McDonald, AK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, Ft Stockton, TX 79735 USA. EM akmcdonald@ag.tamu.edu FU Sul Ross State University Research Enhancement Grant FX This study was funded by a Sul Ross State University Research Enhancement Grant. We appreciate Jerry Puckett for providing access to the study area and to Ray McDonald and Terrance Young for helpful assistance in the field and Brandi Burzynski for formatting the figures. Illustration by Patricia Manning. We would like to thank John Ludwig and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful questions and constructive comments. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1002/eco.40 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 422ES UT WOS:000264410800006 ER PT J AU Schwilk, DW Keeley, JE Knapp, EE McIver, J Bailey, JD Fettig, CJ Fiedler, CE Harrod, RJ Moghaddas, JJ Outcalt, KW Skinner, CN Stephens, SL Waldrop, TA Yaussy, DA Youngblood, A AF Schwilk, Dylan W. Keeley, Jon E. Knapp, Eric E. McIver, James Bailey, John D. Fettig, Christopher J. Fiedler, Carl E. Harrod, Richy J. Moghaddas, Jason J. Outcalt, Kenneth W. Skinner, Carl N. Stephens, Scott L. Waldrop, Thomas A. Yaussy, Daniel A. Youngblood, Andrew TI The national Fire and Fire Surrogate study: effects of fuel reduction methods on forest vegetation structure and fuels SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE delayed mortality; dry forests; forest management; hazard reduction; prescribed burning; species richness; thinning ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SEASON PRESCRIBED FIRE; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; STAND STRUCTURE; TREE MORTALITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AB Changes in vegetation and fuels were evaluated from measurements taken before and after fuel reduction treatments (prescribed. re, mechanical treatments, and the combination of the two) at 12 Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) sites located in forests with a surface. re regime across the conterminous United States. To test the relative effectiveness of fuel reduction treatments and their effect on ecological parameters we used an information-theoretic approach on a suite of 12 variables representing the overstory (basal area and live tree, sapling, and snag density), the understory (seedling density, shrub cover, and native and alien herbaceous species richness), and the most relevant fuel parameters for wild. re damage (height to live crown, total fuel bed mass, forest floor mass, and woody fuel mass). In the short term (one year after treatment), mechanical treatments were more effective at reducing overstory tree density and basal area and at increasing quadratic mean tree diameter. Prescribed. re treatments were more effective at creating snags, killing seedlings, elevating height to live crown, and reducing surface woody fuels. Overall, the response to fuel reduction treatments of the ecological variables presented in this paper was generally maximized by the combined mechanical plus burning treatment. If the management goal is to quickly produce stands with fewer and larger diameter trees, less surface fuel mass, and greater herbaceous species richness, the combined treatment gave the most desirable results. However, because mechanical plus burning treatments also favored alien species invasion at some sites, monitoring and control need to be part of the prescription when using this treatment. C1 [Schwilk, Dylan W.; Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Schwilk, Dylan W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79411 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.; Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [McIver, James] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Bailey, John D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Harrod, Richy J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Moghaddas, Jason J.; Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Outcalt, Kenneth W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29643 USA. [Yaussy, Daniel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Schwilk, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM dylan.schwilk@ttu.edu RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 FU National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study [152]; USDA/DOI Joint Fire Science Program; National Fire Plan; USDA National Research Initiative FX This paper is contribution # 152 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study, funded by the USDA/DOI Joint Fire Science Program, the National Fire Plan, the USDA National Research Initiative, and the home institutions and agencies of participating scientists. We thank numerous field crew members who collected much of the data at the 12 research sites over 5+ years of this study for their dedication and hard work. We also acknowledge the critical role played by our partners in the forest management world, who were responsible for implementing the treatments in a timely manner. NR 95 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 285 EP 304 DI 10.1890/07-1747.1 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412IV UT WOS:000263719400003 PM 19323191 ER PT J AU Stephens, SL Moghaddas, JJ Edminster, C Fiedler, CE Haase, S Harrington, M Keeley, JE Knapp, EE McIver, JD Metlen, K Skinner, CN Youngblood, A AF Stephens, Scott L. Moghaddas, Jason J. Edminster, Carl Fiedler, Carl E. Haase, Sally Harrington, Michael Keeley, Jon E. Knapp, Eric E. McIver, James D. Metlen, Kerry Skinner, Carl N. Youngblood, Andrew TI Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western US forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fire hazard; fire policy; fire suppression; fire resistance; fuel management; fuel treatment; mixed conifer; ponderosa pine; wildfire ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; DRY FORESTS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BLUE MOUNTAINS; WILDLAND FIRE AB Forest structure and species composition in many western U. S. coniferous forests have been altered through. re exclusion, past and ongoing harvesting practices, and livestock grazing over the 20th century. The effects of these activities have been most pronounced in seasonally dry, low and mid-elevation coniferous forests that once experienced frequent, low to moderate intensity,. re regimes. In this paper, we report the effects of Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) forest stand treatments on fuel load profiles, potential fire behavior, and fire severity under three weather scenarios from six western U. S. FFS sites. This replicated, multisite experiment provides a framework for drawing broad generalizations about the effectiveness of prescribed. re and mechanical treatments on surface fuel loads, forest structure, and potential. re severity. Mechanical treatments without. re resulted in combined 1-, 10-, and 100-hour surface fuel loads that were significantly greater than controls at three of five FFS sites. Canopy cover was significantly lower than controls at three of five FFS sites with mechanical-only treatments and at all five FFS sites with the mechanical plus burning treatment;. re-only treatments reduced canopy cover at only one site. For the combined treatment of mechanical plus. re, all five FFS sites with this treatment had a substantially lower likelihood of passive crown. re as indicated by the very high torching indices. FFS sites that experienced significant increases in 1-, 10-, and 100-hour combined surface fuel loads utilized harvest systems that left all activity fuels within experimental units. When mechanical treatments were followed by prescribed burning or pile burning, they were the most effective treatment for reducing crown fire potential and predicted tree mortality because of low surface fuel loads and increased vertical and horizontal canopy separation. Results indicate that mechanical plus fire, fire-only, and mechanical-only treatments using whole-tree harvest systems were all effective at reducing potential. re severity under severe. re weather conditions. Retaining the largest trees within stands also increased. re resistance. C1 [Stephens, Scott L.; Moghaddas, Jason J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edminster, Carl] USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Haase, Sally] USFS, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Harrington, Michael] USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.; Skinner, Carl N.] USFS, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [McIver, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Metlen, Kerry] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Stephens, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stephens@nature.berkeley.edu RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 FU USDA-USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program FX This project was funded by the USDA-USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program. This is publication number 130 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project. We especially thank all forest managers, field crews, and forest operators from the six western. re surrogate sites that assisted us with this large project. We thank Jan van Wagtendonk, Danny Fry, and anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. NR 89 TC 161 Z9 167 U1 15 U2 80 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.1890/07-1755.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412IV UT WOS:000263719400004 PM 19323192 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A Grace, JB McIver, JD AF Youngblood, Andrew Grace, James B. McIver, James D. TI Delayed conifer mortality after fuel reduction treatments: interactive effects of fuel, fire intensity, and bark beetles SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE burning; Douglas-fir; latent mortality; path models; ponderosa pine; restoration treatments; stand structure; structural equation modeling; thinning ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL; NORTHERN ARIZONA; EASTERN OREGON; UNITED-STATES; DRY FORESTS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; PRESCRIBED FIRES; STAND STRUCTURE AB Many low-elevation dry forests of the western United States contain more small trees and fewer large trees, more down woody debris, and less diverse and vigorous understory plant communities compared to conditions under historical. re regimes. These altered structural conditions may contribute to increased probability of unnaturally severe wild. res, susceptibility to uncharacteristic insect outbreaks, and drought-related mortality. Broad-scale fuel reduction and restoration treatments are proposed to promote stand development on trajectories toward more sustainable structures. Little research to date, however, has quantified the effects of these treatments on the ecosystem, especially delayed and latent tree mortality resulting directly or indirectly from treatments. In this paper, we explore complex hypotheses relating to the cascade of effects that influence ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) mortality using structural equation modeling (SEM). We used annual census and plot data through six growing seasons after thinning and four growing seasons after burning from a replicated, operational-scale, completely randomized experiment conducted in northeastern Oregon, USA, as part of the national Fire and Fire Surrogate study. Treatments included thin, burn, thin followed by burn (thin + burn), and control. Burn and thin + burn treatments increased the proportion of dead trees while the proportion of dead trees declined or remained constant in thin and control units, although the density of dead trees was essentially unchanged with treatment. Most of the new mortality (96%) occurred within two years of treatment and was attributed to bark beetles. Bark beetle-caused tree mortality, while low overall, was greatest in thin + burn treatments. SEM results indicate that the probability of mortality of large-diameter ponderosa pine from bark beetles and wood borers was directly related to surface. re severity and bole charring, which in turn depended on. re intensity, which was greater in units where thinning increased large woody fuels. These results have implications when deciding among management options for restoring ecosystem health in similar ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests. C1 [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [McIver, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 FU U.S. Joint Fire Science Program; USDA NRI Competitive [9603859] FX The paper benefited from comments by C. Fettig, D. Johnson, D. Laughlin, D. Scott, S. Stephens, and two anonymous reviewers. This is contribution number 153 of the national Fire and Fire Surrogate study, funded in part by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. The USDA NRI Competitive Grants Program (# 9603859) funded the initial three years of the study. NR 93 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 321 EP 337 DI 10.1890/07-1751.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412IV UT WOS:000263719400005 PM 19323193 ER PT J AU Alexander, JM Edwards, PJ Poll, M Parks, CG Dietz, H AF Alexander, Jake M. Edwards, Peter J. Poll, Myriam Parks, Catherine G. Dietz, Hansjoerg TI Establishment of parallel altitudinal clines in traits of native and introduced forbs SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alien plant; altitude; environmental gradient; invasion; niche conservatism; reciprocal design; seed size; Swiss Alps; Wallowa Mountains; Oregon; USA ID PLANT INVASIONS; SEED SIZE; SWISS ALPS; IMPATIENS-GLANDULIFERA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; DISPERSAL ABILITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; RAPID EVOLUTION; ALIEN PLANTS AB Due to altered ecological and evolutionary contexts, we might expect the responses of alien plants to environmental gradients, as revealed through patterns of trait variation, to differ from those of the same species in their native range. In particular, the spread of alien plant species along such gradients might be limited by their ability to establish clinal patterns of trait variation. We investigated trends in growth and reproductive traits in natural populations of eight invasive Asteraceae forbs along altitudinal gradients in their native and introduced ranges (Valais, Switzerland, and Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, USA). Plants showed similar responses to altitude in both ranges, being generally smaller and having fewer inflorescences but larger seeds at higher altitudes. However, these trends were modified by region-specific effects that were independent of species status ( native or introduced), suggesting that any differential performance of alien species in the introduced range cannot be interpreted without a fully reciprocal approach to test the basis of these differences. Furthermore, we found differences in patterns of resource allocation to capitula among species in the native and the introduced areas. These suggest that the mechanisms underlying trait variation, for example, increasing seed size with altitude, might differ between ranges. The rapid establishment of clinal patterns of trait variation in the new range indicates that the need to respond to altitudinal gradients, possibly by local adaptation, has not limited the ability of these species to invade mountain regions. Studies are now needed to test the underlying mechanisms of altitudinal clines in traits of alien species. C1 [Alexander, Jake M.; Edwards, Peter J.; Poll, Myriam; Dietz, Hansjoerg] ETH Zentrum, CHN, ETH Zurich, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Parks, Catherine G.] Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Alexander, JM (reprint author), ETH Zentrum, CHN, ETH Zurich, Inst Integrat Biol, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM jake.alexander@env.ethz.ch RI Alexander, Jake/P-2580-2014 OI Alexander, Jake/0000-0003-2226-7913 FU Swiss National Science Foundation to Hansjorg Dietz. FX Many thanks are due to Sabrina Schmid, Bridgett Naylor, and Jane and Jesse Alexander for assistance in the. field; to Sabine Guesewell for statistical advice during preparation of the manuscript; and to four anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This work was supported by a grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation to Hansjorg Dietz. NR 71 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 49 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1890/08-0453.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413EX UT WOS:000263776800004 PM 19341133 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Cermak, SC Evangelista, RL AF Knothe, Gerhard Cermak, Steven C. Evangelista, Roque L. TI Cuphea Oil as Source of Biodiesel with Improved Fuel Properties Caused by High Content of Methyl Decanoate SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; SEED OIL; PETRODIESEL; ESTERS; VISCOSISSIMA; COMPONENTS; ENGINE; PSR23 AB Biodiesel, defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats, is an alternative to conventional petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel has been prepared from numerous common vegetable oils or fats as well as new or less common feedstocks. Major issues facing biodiesel include several technical aspects such as cold flow and oxidative stability as well as availability of sufficient quantities of fuel. Solutions to the technical problems include the use of additives or modifying the fatty ester composition of biodiesel. While esters of oleic acid possess good fuel properties, esters of other fatty acids also exhibit advantageous fuel properties, even surpassing those of oleic acid esters. Decanoic acid has been shown to be an acid whose esters possess good fuel properties. In this work, a vegetable oil containing a high amount (approximately 65%) of decanoic acid, one of the many known varieties of cuphea oil (PSR 23; a cross of Cuphea viscosissima x C. lanceolata), is reported for the first time as potential biodiesel feedstock. The methyl esters of cuphea oil (biodiesel) were prepared by conventional transesterification, and the (1)H NMR spectrum of cuphea methyl esters is reported. The significant fuel properties influenced by fatty ester composition such as cetane number, kinematic viscosity, cold flow, as well as lubricity were determined and evaluated in comparison to biodiesel fuel standards. Cuphea methyl esters generally display more favorable fuel properties than do biodiesel fuels derived from other feedstocks due to the high content of methyl decanoate and as expressed by a cloud point around -9 to - 10 degrees C. Although cuphea oil faces significant technical issues regarding its commercial availability, it appears to be a good potential feedstock for biodiesel and can serve as a model for other potential feedstocks with high decanoic acid content. C1 [Knothe, Gerhard; Cermak, Steven C.; Evangelista, Roque L.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 BP 1743 EP 1747 DI 10.1021/ef800958t PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 436TM UT WOS:000265439000077 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA AF Boateng, A. A. TI Response of the Devolatilization Process to the Lignin Concentration in Alfalfa Stems SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSE PYROLYSIS KINETICS; PRETREATMENT C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 BP 2316 EP 2318 DI 10.1021/ef801114p PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 436TM UT WOS:000265439000158 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Mathews, CR AF Brown, M. W. Mathews, Clarissa R. TI BIOLOGY OF OEDOPHRYS HILLERI (FAUST) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): A POTENTIAL NEW PEST OF PEACH IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Rosaceae; host preference; biology; phenology; exotic pest ID WEEVIL AB Oedophrys hilleri (Faust), native to East Asia, has become established in the northeastern United States. This study examined the feeding preferences of adults, larval food and phenology of adults in an unsprayed peach orchard. Adults fed on the foliage of plants in the Rosaceae family preferring peach (Prunus persicae) and pear (Pyrus communis). There was one generation per year, adults were most abundant in late June to early July but were present whenever trees were actively growing. Eggs were laid on the soil surface. Larvae fed on the fine roots and the cambium and xylem tissues of small woody roots of peach trees; roots of other species were not tested. In field observations, adult feeding removed up to 15% of the foliage on individual branches. An estimated high of 337 adults/m(2) emerged from the soil under peach trees based on enclosed emergence traps. Although heavily infested trees showed no apparent loss of vigor compared with trees in the same orchard with low levels of defoliation, this exotic insect could be of concern to growers when combined with other orchard stresses. C1 [Brown, M. W.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Mathews, Clarissa R.] Shepherd Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Mark.Brown@ars.usda.gov; Cmathews@shepherd.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 120 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.3157/021.120.0209 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 484TN UT WOS:000269070500010 ER PT J AU Morse, WC Hall, TE Kruger, LE AF Morse, Wayde C. Hall, Troy E. Kruger, Linda E. TI Improving the Integration of Recreation Management with Management of Other Natural Resources by Applying Concepts of Scale from Ecology SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hierarchical patch dynamics; Integration; Limits of acceptable change; Multiple-use management; Recreation opportunity spectrum ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; OPPORTUNITY SPECTRUM; TOURISM; PERSPECTIVE; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; IMPACT AB In this article, we examine how issues of scale affect the integration of recreation management with the management of other natural resources on public lands. We present two theories used to address scale issues in ecology and explore how they can improve the two most widely applied recreation-planning frameworks. The theory of patch dynamics and hierarchy theory are applied to the recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) and the limits of acceptable change (LAC) recreation-planning frameworks. These frameworks have been widely adopted internationally, and improving their ability to integrate with other aspects of natural resource management has significant social and conservation implications. We propose that incorporating ecologic criteria and scale concepts into these recreation-planning frameworks will improve the foundation for integrated land management by resolving issues of incongruent boundaries, mismatched scales, and multiple-scale analysis. Specifically, we argue that whereas the spatially explicit process of the ROS facilitates integrated decision making, its lack of ecologic criteria, broad extent, and large patch size decrease its usefulness for integration at finer scales. The LAC provides explicit considerations for weighing competing values, but measurement of recreation disturbances within an LAC analysis is often done at too fine a grain and at too narrow an extent for integration with other recreation and resource concerns. We suggest that planners should perform analysis at multiple scales when making management decisions that involve trade-offs among competing values. The United States Forest Service is used as an example to discuss how resource-management agencies can improve this integration. C1 [Morse, Wayde C.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hall, Troy E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Conservat Social Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kruger, Linda E.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK USA. RP Morse, WC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM morsewc@auburn.edu; troyh@uidaho.edu; lkruger@fs.fed.us FU USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station FX Funding for this research was provided by the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9227-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409YM UT WOS:000263541700001 PM 18982386 ER PT J AU Park, MH Stenstrom, MK Pincetl, S AF Park, Mi-Hyun Stenstrom, Michael K. Pincetl, Stephanie TI Water Quality Improvement Policies: Lessons Learned from the Implementation of Proposition O in Los Angeles, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Proposition O; Clean Water Act; Total Maximum Daily Load; Stormwater management; Water quality improvement; Fiscal constraints; Participation ID CONSERVATION EASEMENTS; PARTICIPATION; RESOURCE AB This article evaluates the implementation of Proposition O, a stormwater cleanup measure, in Los Angeles, California. The measure was intended to create new funding to help the city comply with the Total Maximum Daily Load requirements under the federal Clean Water Act. Funding water quality objectives through a bond measure was necessary because the city had insufficient revenues to deploy new projects in its budget. The bond initiative required a supermajority vote (two-thirds of the voters), hence the public had to be convinced that such funding both was necessary and would be effective. The bond act language included project solicitation from the public, as well as multiple benefit objectives. Accordingly, nonprofit organizations mobilized to present projects that included creating new parks, using schoolyards for flood control and groundwater recharge, and replacing parking lots with permeable surfaces, among others. Yet few, if any, of these projects were retained for funding, as the city itself also had a list of priorities and higher technical expertise in justifying them as delivering water quality improvements. Our case study of the implementation of Proposition O points to the potentially different priorities for the renovation of urban infrastructure that are held by nonprofit organizations and city agencies and the importance of structuring public processes clearly so that there are no misimpressions about funding and implementation responsibilities that can lead to disillusionment with government, especially under conditions of fiscal constraints. C1 [Pincetl, Stephanie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Stenstrom, Michael K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pincetl, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. [Park, Mi-Hyun] Univ Massachusetts, Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Pincetl, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, LaKretz Hall,Suite 300,619 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mpark@ecs.umass.edu; stenstro@seas.ucla.edu; spincetl@ioe.ucla.edu RI Stenstrom, Michael/A-3177-2008; Park, Mi-Hyun/J-7000-2013 OI Stenstrom, Michael/0000-0001-6157-0718; Park, Mi-Hyun/0000-0002-6259-2836 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 514 EP 522 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9262-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409YM UT WOS:000263541700013 PM 19184186 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB AF Kinraide, Thomas B. TI IMPROVED SCALES FOR METAL ION SOFTNESS AND TOXICITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hardness; Metal ion; Softness; Toxicity ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ABSOLUTE ELECTRONEGATIVITY; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; RELATIVE TOXICITY; LEWIS-ACIDS; HARDNESS; BASES; RHIZOTOXICITY; COMPLEXES; PARAMETER AB Ten scales relating to chemical hardness or softness of metal ions were compiled. These included eight published scales such as those of Pearson, Ahrland, Klopman, and Misono. Another scale consisted of the logs of the solubility products of metal sulfides, and yet another was a consensus scale constructed from - log K values for metal ion binding to seven soft ligands. These 10 scales were normalized and averaged. The resulting consensus scale for softness (sigma(Con)) appeared to be superior to any of the 10 scales used in its construction based on correlations among the scales. Other possible indicators of softness were examined, including the standard electrode potential (E(0)) and the bulk metal density (rho(Metal)), both of which were also superior to most of the 10 scales just mentioned. Vales for sigma(Con) may be computed from E(0), rho(Metal), and the first ionization potential (I(P)), R(2) = 0.867, for the equation sigma(Con) = aE(0)I(P) + b rho(Meta)l. A consensus scale for toxicity (T(Con)) derived from studies with many different taxa correlated well (R(2) = 0.807) with sigma(Con) computed from the preceding equation, but incorporation of ion charge (Z) into the following equation, T(Con) = a sigma(Con) + b sigma(Con) Z + cZ, increased R(2) to 0.923. Substitution of other softness scales for sigma(Con) into equations to predict T(Con) reduced the value of R(2). Thus, sigma(Con) appears to be a superior scale for metal ion softness and toxicity, the latter being an interactive function of both softness and charge. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.kinraide@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 525 EP 533 DI 10.1897/08-208.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 405DU UT WOS:000263203700011 PM 18980392 ER PT J AU Mohle-Boetani, JC Farrar, J Bradley, P Barak, JD Miller, M Mandrell, R Mead, P Keene, WE Cummings, K Abbott, S Werner, SB AF Mohle-Boetani, J. C. Farrar, J. Bradley, P. Barak, J. D. Miller, M. Mandrell, R. Mead, P. Keene, W. E. Cummings, K. Abbott, S. Werner, S. B. CA Invest Team TI Salmonella infections associated with mung bean sprouts: epidemiological and environmental investigations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; CONTAMINATED ALFALFA SEEDS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; TYPHIMURIUM; REDUCTION; IRRADIATION; CALIFORNIA; SEROVARS AB We investigated an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections linked to raw mung bean sprouts in 2000 with two case-control studies and reviewed six similar outbreaks that occurred in 2000-2002. All outbreaks were due to unusual phage types (PT) of SE and occurred in the United States (PT 33, 1, and 913), Canada (PT 11b and 913), and The Netherlands (PT 4b). PT 33 was in the spent irrigation water and a drain from one sprout grower. None of the growers disinfected seeds at recommended concentrations. Only two growers tested spent irrigation water; neither discarded the implicated seed lots after receiving a report of Salmonella contamination. We found no difference in the growth of SE and Salmonella Newport on mung beans. Mung bean sprout growers should disinfect seeds, test spent irrigation water, and discontinue the use of implicated seed lots when pathogens are found. Laboratories should report confirmed positive Salmonella results from sprout growers to public health authorities. C1 [Mohle-Boetani, J. C.; Farrar, J.; Cummings, K.; Abbott, S.; Werner, S. B.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Bradley, P.; Mandrell, R.] Sacramento Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. [Barak, J. D.] USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. [Miller, M.] Placer Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Auburn, CA USA. [Mead, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keene, W. E.] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Mohle-Boetani, JC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P,2nd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM jmohlebo@dhs.ca.gov NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1017/S0950268808000411 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 413VA UT WOS:000263819400008 PM 18294429 ER PT J AU Longenberger, PS Smith, CW Duke, SE McMichael, BL AF Longenberger, P. S. Smith, C. W. Duke, S. E. McMichael, B. L. TI Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for the identification of drought tolerance in upland cotton SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll fluorescence; Cotton; Drought tolerance ID WATER-STRESS; TRAITS; PLANTS; DURUM; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES AB Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) is one tool used by researchers to quantify plant water status during periods of limited water availability. The research reported herein was designed to evaluate a CF-based protocol as a tool for use in cotton, Gossypium spp. breeding programs for the identification of drought tolerant genotypes. Twenty genotypes were selected to represent diverse and distinct US germplasm pools. Replicated tests were performed in Lubbock and College Station, TX in 2006 and 2007. Dryland and irrigated treatments, as main plots, were applied in a randomized complete block design, split to genotypes. CF measurements were taken at mid-bloom and late bloom growth stages. Source leaf tissue was harvested at predawn and subjected to high temperature incubation with CF measurements subsequently taken hourly for 5 h. Drought stressed plants had not mobilized their carbohydrate reserves from their source leaves overnight and thus maintained cell viability and therefore higher CF values throughout the incubation and measurement period with the opposite being true for non-stressed plants. Fiber lint yield and fiber properties were measured for comparison with the CF data. Genotype x treatment effects complicated the classification of genotypic response to drought. Few and inconsistent correlations were found among CF values and lint yield or fiber properties. Data suggested that this procedure provides little potential in selecting plants for drought tolerance when plants are grown under field culture. C1 [Longenberger, P. S.; Smith, C. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Longenberger, P. S.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Crop Genet Res & Prod Dev, DuPont Agr & Nutr, New Holland, PA 17557 USA. [Duke, S. E.] USDA ARS, SPA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [McMichael, B. L.] USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Stress & Water Conserv Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Longenberger, PS (reprint author), Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Crop Genet Res & Prod Dev, DuPont Agr & Nutr, 982 New Holland Rd, New Holland, PA 17557 USA. EM Polly.Longenberger@pioneer.com NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2009 VL 166 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9820-4 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 404NN UT WOS:000263160000003 ER PT J AU Liu, L Tan, S Jun, W Smith, A Meng, JH Bhagwat, AA AF Liu, Liu Tan, Shawn Jun, Won Smith, Allen Meng, Jianghong Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans are needed for competitive growth and biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in leafy-green vegetable wash waters and colonization in mice SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE food safety; biofilms; glucans; vegetable wash waters; food microbiology; low osmotic environments ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IRRIGATION WATER; VIRULENCE; SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; SURVIVAL; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PHOSPHORELAY; ADAPTATION AB Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are major periplasmic constituents of Gram-negative bacteria. The role of OPGs has been postulated in symbiotic as well as pathogenic host-microorganism interactions. Here, we report the role of OPGs from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium during growth and biofilm formation in leafy-green vegetable wash water. The opgGH mutant strain, which was defective in OPG biosynthesis, initiated the growth at a slower rate in wash waters obtained from spinach, lettuce and green collard and severely impaired biofilm formation. The lack of OPG synthesis did not influence biofilm formation by the opgGH mutant in low-nutrient low-osmolarity laboratory media. In coculture experiments initiated with equal proportions of cells, the opgGH mutant was outnumbered by the wild-type strain under the planktonic as well as the biofilm growth conditions. The opgGH mutant strain poorly colonized mouse organs when introduced orally along with the wild-type strain. This is the first report demonstrating the role of OPGs of Salmonella in competitive colonization of biofilms, planktonic cultures and mouse organs. C1 [Liu, Liu; Tan, Shawn; Jun, Won; Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, Liu; Meng, Jianghong] Univ Maryland, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jun, Won] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Allen] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, Liu] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Yangling, Peoples R China. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov RI Tan, Shawn/C-8743-2016 OI Tan, Shawn/0000-0001-7258-9596 FU China Scholarship Council,; Ministry of Education, China; Industrial Attachment Program of the School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology; Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore FX This study was supported in part by the China Scholarship Council, Ministry of Education, China (L.L.) and the overseas Industrial Attachment Program of the School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore (S.T.). NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 292 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01462.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 402TV UT WOS:000263036900003 PM 19222578 ER PT J AU Lima, JR Ribon, ADB Russell, JB Mantovani, HC AF Lima, Janaina R. Barros Ribon, Andrea de O. Russell, James B. Mantovani, Hilario C. TI Bovicin HC5 inhibits wasteful amino acid degradation by mixed ruminal bacteria in vitro SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rumen; ammonia; Streptococcus bovis HC5; bovicin HC5; monensin ID CLOSTRIDIUM-AMINOPHILUM; AMMONIA PRODUCTION; MILK-PRODUCTION; MONENSIN; RUMEN; PROTEIN; FERMENTATION; DEAMINATION; RESISTANCE; STABILITY AB Streptococcus bovis HC5 produces a broad spectrum lantibiotic (bovicin HC5) that inhibits pure cultures of hyper ammonia-producing bacteria (HAB). Experiments were preformed to see if: (1) S. bovis HC5 cells could inhibit the deamination of amino acids by mixed ruminal bacteria taken directly from a cow, (2) semi-purified bovicin was as effective as S. bovis HC5 cells, and 3) semi-purified and the feed additive monensin were affecting the same types of ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria. Because purified and semi-purified bovicin HC5 was as effective as S. bovis HC5 cells, it appeared that bovicin HC5 was penetrating the cell membranes of HAB before it could be degraded by peptidases and proteinases. Mixed ruminal bacteria that were successively transferred and enriched nine times with trypticase did not become significantly more resistant to either bovicin HC5 (50 AU mL(-1)) or monensin (5 mu M), and amplified rDNA restriction analysis indicated that bovicin HC5 and monensin appeared to be selecting against the same types of bacteria. C1 [Lima, Janaina R.; Barros Ribon, Andrea de O.; Mantovani, Hilario C.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Microbiol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Russell, James B.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Mantovani, HC (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Microbiol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM hcm6@ufv.br RI Mantovani, Hilario/J-5287-2012 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [483836/2007-9]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) [EDT-217/05]; CNPq FX Financial support was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, grant 483836/2007-9) and the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG, grant EDT-217/05), Belo Horizonte, Brazil. J.R.L. was the recipient of a Doctoral Fellowship from CNPq. We are grateful to Aline Dias Paiva for providing the purified bovicin HC5. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 EI 1574-6968 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 292 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01474.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 402TV UT WOS:000263036900012 PM 19191869 ER PT J AU Russo, R Shoemaker, CA Panangala, VS Klesius, PH AF Russo, Riccardo Shoemaker, Craig A. Panangala, Victor S. Klesius, Phillip H. TI In vitro and in vivo interaction of macrophages from vaccinated and non-vaccinated channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Edwardsiella ictaluri; Macrophages; Catfish; Fluorescent bacteria; In vivo; In vitro; Vaccine ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; III SECRETION SYSTEMS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIMICROBIAL MECHANISMS; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; GENETIC-RESISTANCE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FISH PHAGOCYTES; INNATE IMMUNITY AB Macrophages from catfish vaccinated with an Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine and macrophages from non-vaccinated catfish were used in in vitro and in vivo studies with red-fluorescent E ictaluri to assess phagocytic ability, reactive oxygen and nitric oxide production and bactericidal activity. In the in vitro experiment, macrophages were harvested from vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish and then exposed to red-fluorescent E. ictaluri. Results of this study showed that E. ictaluri can survive and replicate in macrophages from non-vaccinated catfish (relative percent killing, RPK, from 0.011 to 0.620 and from -0.904 to 0.042 with macrophage: bacteria ratios of 1:20 and 1:100, respectively) even in the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen products. Macrophages from vaccinated fish were significantly (p < 0.05) more efficient in killing F. ictaluri (RPK from 0.656 to 0.978 and from 0.011 to 0.620 with macrophage:bacteria ratios of 1:20 and 1:100, respectively) and produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher amounts of ROS (10-fold increase) and nitrogen oxide (about 10-fold increase) than macrophages from non-vaccinated fish. In the in vivo experiment, vaccinated and non-vaccinated catfish were injected with red-fluorescent E. ictaluri to allow the interaction between macrophages and other components of the immune system. After 6 h, macrophages were harvested from the fish and seeded in glass chamber slides and bactericidal activity was measured in vitro. Results showed in vivo interaction of other components of the immune system enhanced bactericidal activity of macrophages from vaccinated fish. In another set of experiments, catfish were intraperitoneally injected with fluorescent bacteria opsonized with immune serum or non-opsonized and necropsied in the first 48 h after bacterial challenge to observe localization of E. ictaluri between vaccinated and non-vaccinated catfish. Vaccinated fish were able to control the dispersion of E. ictaluri in the body and red-fluorescent bacteria were observed only in the spleen, anterior and trunk kidney. In non-vaccinated fish E ictaluri was able to replicate and invade all organs with the exception of the brain. We further determined that macrophages seeded with E. ictaluri could cause infection in non-vaccinated fish upon reinoculation with in vitro infected-macrophages. Overall, the results indicated that macrophages from vaccinated fish are activated and responsible for rapid clearance of infection upon re-exposure to virulent E ictaluri. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Russo, Riccardo; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Panangala, Victor S.; Klesius, Phillip H.] Agr Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Russo, R (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ric.russo@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Current Research Information Systems [6420-32000-022-00D] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems Project No. 6420-32000-022-00D. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Mrs. Elizabeth Peterman, Mrs. Paige Mumma, Mr. Ryan Wood and the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, for daily care and maintenance of the catfish. This research was conducted in compliance with all relevant federal guidelines and institutional policies. Note: Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 65 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.02.011 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 437WT UT WOS:000265518300026 PM 19233291 ER PT J AU Reitz, SR AF Reitz, Stuart R. TI BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE): THE MAKING OF A PEST SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella occidentalis; Tospovirus; behavioral ecology; pest status ID FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS PERGANDE; SPOTTED WILT TOSPOVIRUS; WITHIN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; SPECIES THYSANOPTERA; SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD; PUPATION BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; TEMPERATURE; VIRUS AB In the past 30 years, western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide. Certain biological attributes of this insect predispose it to be a direct post across a wide range of crops. In addition to the direct damage it can cause, this species is an efficient vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus and other Tospoviruses. This review addresses questions regarding the biological and ecological attributes of western flower thrips that have enabled it to become a significant pest and make it so difficult to manage. These important life history traits include western flower thrips polyphagy and a tendency to reside and feed in concealed areas of flowers and fruits. Consequently, large populations can develop and disperse into a wide range of crops. The larvae and adults feed in a similar manner and can share the same host plant resources. The relatively short generation time and haplodiploid sex determination also contribute to the pest status of this species. These life history traits interact in complex ways to make western flower thrips one of the most significant and difficult to manage pests in the world. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Reitz, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 69 TC 58 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 45 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1653/024.092.0102 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900002 ER PT J AU Holguin, CM Pena, JE Henry, TJ Acevedo, F AF Holguin, C. M. Pena, J. E. Henry, T. J. Acevedo, F. TI BIOLOGY OF STETHOCONUS PRAEFECTUS (DISTANT) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE), A NEWLY ESTABLISHED PREDATOR OF THE AVOCADO LACE BUG, PSEUDACYSTA PERSEAE (HETEROPTERA: TINGIDAE), IN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID JAPONICUS HETEROPTERA; HEMIPTERA AB The Asian plant bug Stethoconus praefectus (Distant) (Heteroptera: Miridae) was recently discovered in Florida preying on the avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Its life cycle and effectiveness as a predator of R perseae were investigated at 26 +/- 1 degrees C, 60 +/- 5 RH, and 12: 12 (L: D) under laboratory conditions. Stethoconus praefectus developed from egg to adult in 16.5 +/- 0.2 d. On average, the first 4 instars consumed 2 to 4 prey per day, whereas the last 2 instars consumed 2 to 7 lace bugs per day. Stethoconus praefectus was observed in the field from Aug through Dec 2007. C1 [Holguin, C. M.; Pena, J. E.; Acevedo, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Henry, T. J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Holguin, CM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM jepena@ufl.edu; thenry@ars.usda.gov FU California Department of Agriculture FX We thank Nancy Epsky (USDA, ARS, Miami), Josep Jacas (Univerisa Jaume I, Castell, Spain), Michael G. Pogue (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], USDA, ARS, Washington, DC), F. Christian Thompson (SEL), and Alfred G. Wheeler, Jr. (Clemson University, Clemson, SC) for critically reviewing this manuscript, and David Long (University of Florida, Homestead) for help with fieldwork and laboratory rearing. This research was partially supported by a grant from the California Department of Agriculture to JER. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1653/024.092.0109 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900009 ER PT J AU Duncan, LW Stuart, RJ Gmitter, FG Lapointe, SL AF Duncan, L. W. Stuart, R. J. Gmitter, F. G. Lapointe, S. L. TI USE OF LANDSCAPE FABRIC TO MANAGE DIAPREPES ROOT WEEVIL IN CITRUS GROVES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; Artipus floridanus; mulch; cultural control; physical barrier; landscape fabric ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; FLORIDA CITRUS; CURCULIONIDAE; SOIL AB Experiments were conducted at 3 sites in Florida to determine whether landscape fabric, used as soil mulch, can reduce damage to citrus trees by Diaprepes abbreviatus. The mulches were intended to prevent newly hatched weevil larvae from entering the soil to feed on roots and to prevent teneral adult weevils from exiting the soil to initiate egg-laying. The weight of aboveground parts of trees at a site heavily infested by D. abbreviatus on the east coast was 70% larger (P <= 0.05) for trees grown for 3 years on mulched compared to unmulched soil. Mulching did not affect the amount of feeding damage to roots at the east coast site, suggesting that mulched trees tolerated the damage better than trees in bare soil. Small plot size and relatively narrow fabric dimensions at the east coast site may have facilitated the entry of neonate larvae into soil. At a site on the Central Ridge with low weevil population density, average trunk cross-sectional area of 5-year-old mulched trees was 31% greater (P < 0.02) than trees in bare soil. At both this site and a central flatwoods site, the number of adult weevils captured in ground traps that catch weevils emerging from soil was reduced by up to 99% when traps were installed next to trees on mulch compared to bare soil, Adult weevils did not appear to migrate beneath fabric to emerge at the edges because mean numbers of weevils trapped at the edges of the fabric (2.75 +/- 1.01) did not differ (P > 0.05) from those trapped at the same position on unmulched trees (4.38 +/- 1.95). Additional work is needed to demonstrate the effect of fabric mulches on weevil population density. Nevertheless, fabric mulches were shown to consistently increase tree growth in weevil-infested orchards. Fabric mulches also eliminate the need for herbicides and potentially insecticides or other IPM tactics to manage root weevil pests. C1 [Duncan, L. W.; Stuart, R. J.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Gmitter, F. G.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Dept Hort Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Lapointe, S. L.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Duncan, LW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1653/024.092.0112 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900012 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JE Marti, OG Wee, SL Suckling, DM AF Carpenter, J. E. Marti, O. G. Wee, S. L. Suckling, D. M. TI CYTOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SPERM BUNDLES UNIQUE TO F-1 PROGENY OF IRRADIATED MALE LEPIDOPTERA: RELEVANCE TO STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE PROGRAMS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE SIT; inherited sterility; Lepidoptera; eupyrene sperm ID POPULATIONS; SUPPRESSION; NOCTUIDAE; PYRALIDAE AB The unique genetic phenomena responsible for inherited F, sterility in Lepidoptera and some other arthropods provide advantages for the use of inherited sterility in a sterile insect technique (SIT) program. Lepidopteran females generally can be completely sterilized at a dose of radiation that only partially sterilizes males of the same species. When these partially sterile males mate with fertile females, many of the radiation-induced deleterious effects are inherited by the F, generation. At the appropriate dose of radiation, egg hatch of females mated with irradiated males is reduced and the resulting (F) offspring are both highly sterile and predominantly male. Lower doses of radiation used to induce F, sterility increase the quality and competitiveness of the released insects. However, during a SIT program it is possible that traps used to monitor wild moth populations and over-flooding ratios (marked released males vs unmarked wild males) may capture unmarked F, sterile males that cannot be distinguished from wild fertile males. In this study we developed a cytological technique with orcein and Giemsa stains to distinguish adult F, progeny of irradiated males and fertile males. Our observations on 6 pest species in 5 families of Lepidoptera indicate that F, males (sterile) from irradiated fathers can be distinguished from fertile males by the nuclei cluster in the eupyrene sperm bundles. The nuclei cluster in the fertile males exhibited a regular and organized arrangement of the sperm and was homogeneously stained, whereas in F, males the nuclei cluster of sperm was disorganized, irregular and unevenly stained. C1 [Carpenter, J. E.; Marti, O. G.] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. [Wee, S. L.; Suckling, D. M.] HortResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand. RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 FU New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Foundation for Research Science FX We gratefully acknowledge the Okanagan-Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Program, British Columbia, Canada, for providing us with fertile and F, sterile codling moths. The contributions of DMS and SLW were funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Foundation for Research Science a Technology investment in "Better Border Biosecurity" (www.b3nz.org). NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1653/024.092.0113 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900013 ER PT J AU Chong, JH Tefel, JJ Roda, AL Mannion, CM AF Chong, Juang-Horng Tefel, Jeffrey J. Roda, Amy L. Mannion, Catharine M. TI EFFECTS OF BEETLE DENSITY AND TIME OF DAY ON THE DISPERSAL OF GRATIANA BOLIVIANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; emigration; mass rearing; noxious weed; tropical soda apple ID TROPICAL SODA APPLE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; SOLANUM-VIARUM SOLANACEAE; BIOCONTROL AGENT; LIFE-HISTORY; TEMPERATURE; FLORIDA; OVIPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; PARAMETERS AB The leaf beetle, Gratiana boliviana Spaeth, is a biological control agent of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal), a noxious weed invading the rangeland and agricultural fields of Florida and other southeastern states. In caged experiments, we examined the influence of beetle density and the time of day on the dispersal of the leaf beetle. Increasing beetle density from 2 to 100 beetles per plant did not increase G. boliviana dispersal, as long as the host plants were not severely defoliated. An increase in beetle density from 10 to 100 beetles per plant significantly reduced the per capita fecundity from 0.3 to 0.02 eggs over a 24-h period. Thus, a mass rearing method for G. boliviana should consider the potential detrimental effect of increasing density on the fecundity of the leaf beetle. When the dispersal activity of the leaf beetle was observed between 8:00 and 18:00 h, the proportion of beetles dispersing from a given plant increased throughout the morning hours and peaked at noon. A monitoring or sampling program of G. boliviana should be conducted in the early morning or late afternoon when the beetles' tendency to disperse is the lowest in order to more accurately sample for the population density in a certain area. Beetle density and the time of day interacted to influence the proportion of G. boliviana dispersing from a given plant. The proportions of beetles that dispersed were not different among the different time periods at densities of less than 40 beetles per plant. At or above 40 beetles per plant, the proportion of beetles that dispersed peaked at noon. This study suggests that a myriad of factors, including density, feeding damage, photoperiod and host plant quality, interact to determine the dispersal pattern of G. boliviana. C1 [Chong, Juang-Horng] Univ Florida, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Roda, Amy L.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Tefel, Jeffrey J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Mannion, Catharine M.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Chong, JH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. EM juanghc@clemson.edu FU USDA-ARS; USDA-ARS-SHRS; USDA-APHIS-PPQ Eastern Region and University of Florida FX We thank Julio Medal and Bill Overholt, University of Florida, for providing the initial colony of G. boliviana, and for discussions on distribution and evaluation of the leaf beetle, We also appreciate the technical assistance of Luis Bradshaw and Roger Coe of University of Florida. Ken Bloem of USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST and 2 anonymous reviewers provided critical review of this manuscript. This research was supported by the USDA-ARS Junior Agricultural Ambassador Program, USDA-ARS-SHRS, and a cooperative agreement between USDA-APHIS-PPQ Eastern Region and University of Florida. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1653/024.092.0116 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900016 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Moore, A Samson, PR Chandler, KJ AF Mankin, R. W. Moore, A. Samson, P. R. Chandler, K. J. TI ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DYNASTID BEETLE STRIDULATIONS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Oryctes rhinoceros; Dermolepida albohirtum; Dasygnathus; communication; stridulation; acoustic detection ID COCONUT RHINOCEROS BEETLE; DUNG BEETLES; SCARABAEIDAE; COLEOPTERA; TERMITE; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; SOIL AB Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) causes economically important damage to ornamental and commercial coconut palm trees in the western Pacific region that could be mitigated significantly by early detection and treatment. Adults are difficult to detect visually because they attack the crowns of the trees and feed internally before mating and dispersing to new hosts. Visual inspection is nevertheless the most widely used detection method, augmented with pheromone traps. This species is an ideal candidate for acoustic detection because the adults are large, active borers that produce stridulations during courtship and mating, The stridulations have distinct, easily recognized temporal patterns. Larvae and pupae also produce stridulations. To assist in development of new detection methods, acoustic characteristics of the adult and larval stridulations have been quantified and compared with stridulations produced by larvae of other dynastids recorded in the western Pacific region. C1 [Mankin, R. W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Moore, A.] Univ Guam, Coll Nat & Appl Sci, Mangilao, GU USA. [Chandler, K. J.] BSES Ltd, Bundaberg, Qld, Australia. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. FU Sugar Research and Development Corporation of Australia; BSES Limited; Western Integrated Pest Management Center FX The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Robert Bourgeois (University of Guam), Roland Quitug-ua (Guam Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Eradication Project Operations Chief), Tim Staier and Ben Allen (BSES), and Everett Foreman and Betty Weaver (ARS) provided technical support. Financial support was provided in part by the Sugar Research and Development Corporation of Australia, BSES Limited, and a Western Integrated Pest Management Center Special Issues Grant. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1653/024.092.0119 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900019 ER PT J AU Kula, RR AF Kula, Robert R. TI A NEW SPECIES OF CHAENUSA (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) REARED FROM HYDRELLIA PAKISTANAE AND HYDRELLIA SARAHAE LATICAPSULA (DIPTERA: EPHYDRIDAE) INFESTING HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA (ALISMATALES: HYDROCHARITACEAE) IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Alysiinae; biological control; Dacnusini; Oriental Region; parasitoid ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; HOST-RANGE; DISTRIBUTION RECORDS; ALYSIINAE; IMPACT AB Chaenusa glabra Kula, new species from India and Pakistan is described, and sexual dimorphism is reported and discussed. A diagnosis is provided to differentiate it from all other species of Chaenusa Haliday sensu lato. It was reared from Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier and Hydrellia sarahae laticapsula Deonier infesting Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royale during foreign exploration for natural enemies of H. verticillata, and is in quarantine at the Florida Biological Control Laboratory in Gainesville. It is the first species of Chaenusa described from the Oriental Region and the only species of Chaenusa known to attack species of Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy infesting plants from a genus other than Potamogeton L. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1653/024.092.0121 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900021 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Bodle, JM AF Pemberton, R. W. Bodle, J. M. TI NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN AZOLLA WEEVIL, STENOPELMUS RUFINASUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), USES THE INVASIVE OLD WORLD AZOLLA PINNATA AS A HOST PLANT SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID NATURAL ENEMY; SOUTH-AFRICA; FILICULOIDES; RANGE C1 [Pemberton, R. W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Bodle, J. M.] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM robert.pemberton@ars.usda.gov; mbodle@sfwmd.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 153 EP 155 DI 10.1653/024.092.0124 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900024 ER PT J AU Marti, OG Carpenter, JE AF Marti, O. G. Carpenter, J. E. TI EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF MATING IN CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID F-1 STERILITY; CACTUS MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE C1 [Marti, O. G.; Carpenter, J. E.] ARS, USDA, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Marti, OG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPMRU, POB 747, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM jim.carpenter@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.1653/024.092.0126 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900026 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Hanula, James L. TI LITTER-DWELLING ARTHROPOD ABUNDANCE PEAKS NEAR COARSE WOODY DEBRIS IN LOBLOLLY PINE FORESTS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID 4 PRIMEVAL FORESTS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; CENTRAL SLOVAKIA; GASTROPODA; DEADWOOD C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 163 EP 164 DI 10.1653/024.092.0128 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900028 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Torto, B Teal, PEA AF Arbogast, Richard T. Torto, Baldwyn Teal, Peter E. A. TI MONITORING THE SMALL HIVE BEETLE AETHINA TUMIDA (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) WITH BAITED FLIGHT TRAPS: EFFECT OF DISTANCE FROM BEE HIVES AND SHADE ON THE NUMBERS OF BEETLES CAPTURED SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Arbogast, Richard T.; Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Torto, Baldwyn] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi 30772001000, Kenya. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.1653/024.092.0129 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900029 ER PT J AU Ascunce, MS Nigg, HN Clark, A AF Ascunce, Marina S. Nigg, Herbert N. Clark, Annmarie TI MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT INVASIVE CITRUS ROOT WEEVIL DIAPREPES ABBREVIATUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH POLYMORPHISM C1 [Ascunce, Marina S.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Nigg, Herbert N.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Clark, Annmarie] Univ Florida, ICBR Genet Anal Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Ascunce, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1653/024.092.0130 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900030 ER PT J AU Hennessey, MK Gould, WP Steck, GJ AF Hennessey, Michael K. Gould, Walter P. Steck, Gary J. TI ANASTREPHA EDENTATA AND OTHER FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) DETECTED ON KEY LARGO, FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hennessey, Michael K.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Plant Protect & Qu, USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Gould, Walter P.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Plant Protect & Qu, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Steck, Gary J.] Florida State Collect Arthropods, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Hennessey, MK (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Plant Protect & Qu, USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, 1730 Vars Dr,Suite 400, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1653/024.092.0131 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900031 ER PT J AU Nimmo, KR Tipping, PW AF Nimmo, Kayla R. Tipping, Philip W. TI AN INTRODUCED INSECT BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT PREYS ON AN INTRODUCED WEED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; LIFE TABLE; COCCINELLIDAE; PALLAS; COL. C1 [Nimmo, Kayla R.; Tipping, Philip W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Nimmo, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1 BP 179 EP 180 DI 10.1653/024.092.0133 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 418PZ UT WOS:000264161900033 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Reed, S Gehring, A He, YP AF Tu, Shu-I Reed, Sue A. Gehring, Andrew G. He, Yiping TI Detection of Salmonella Enteriditis from Egg Components Using Different Immunomagnetic Beads and Time-resolved Fluorescence SO FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Enteriditis; Immunomagnetic Beads; Time-resolved Fluorescence; Food Safety; Egg Components ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; RAPID DETECTION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ENTERITIDIS; SEPARATION; IMMUNOASSAY; CAPTURE; SHELL; 0157-H7; SAMPLES AB The types of chemical linkage used to bind antibodies to magnetic beads to form immunomagnetic beads (IMB) were compared in the capture and detection of Salmonella Enteriditis from egg white, egg yolk, and whole egg. Egg components were inoculated with outbreak strains of S. Enteriditis. After incubation under different conditions, IMBs derived from linking antibodies to core magnetic beads via biotin-streptavidin interactions, Schiff-base bonds and unspecified proprietary chemistry were used to capture S. Enteriditis. Europium-labeled anti-Salmonella antibodies completed the sandwich, and time-resolved fluorescence served as the means of detection. For the Salmonella isolated in stationary phase and cultured from universal pre-enrichment broth (UPB), the detection signal intensity was affected by the chemistry utilized to link the antibodies to IMB, with results varying among the three test strains. When S. Enteriditis was cultured in egg yolk alone, plating data were similar to those of the growth of S. Enteriditis in UPB. Egg white by itself did not support the growth of S. Enteriditis. The addition of UPB to egg white restored the growth of Salmonella and yielded stronger detection signals than from cultures obtained from UPB with egg yolk. The detection signals obtained from the immunoassay were less intense for cultures grown in egg yolk + UPB than from cultures grown in UPB alone. The lower detection signals elicited by all IMBs suggest the availability of the antigenic groups recognized by the antibodies on IMBs was reduced in the presence of egg yolk. C1 [Tu, Shu-I; Reed, Sue A.; Gehring, Andrew G.; He, Yiping] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM shui.tu@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-9751 J9 FOOD ANAL METHOD JI Food Anal. Meth. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s12161-008-9033-4 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 403IG UT WOS:000263075700002 ER PT J AU Allende, A McEvoy, J Tao, Y Luo, YG AF Allende, Ana McEvoy, James Tao, Yang Luo, Yaguang TI Antimicrobial effect of acidified sodium chlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and citric acid on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and natural microflora of fresh-cut cilantro SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cilantro quality; Fresh-cut; Microbial growth; Pathogen; Sanitizer; Washing ID CHLORINATED WATER; SENSORY QUALITY; SANITIZERS; EFFICACY; LETTUCE; VEGETABLES; O157-H7; MICROORGANISMS; POPULATIONS; CONTAMINATION AB Fresh-cut cilantro is particularly susceptible to microbial growth and, therefore, use of an effective sanitizer on this product is of great importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different sanitizing treatments on reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations, aerobic mesophilic bacterial, yeast and mould counts on fresh-cut cilantro. Cut cilantro was treated with sodium hypochlorite (SH) at 0.2 g L-1 free chlorine and acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g L-1, along with the components of ASC, i.e., citric acid (CA) at 6 g L-1 and sodium chlorite (SC) at 1 g L-1. In the present study, it was found that SH inactivated, at maximum, 1-1.3 log cfu g(-1) of background or pathogenic microflora present on cut cilantro. However, reductions of more than 3 logcfu g(-1) were observed after washing with 1 g L-1 of ASC. Moreover, when lower concentrations of ASC were used (0.25 and 0.5 g L-1), microbial populations were reduced by about 2 log cfu g(-1). SC was as effective as ASC at 1 g L-1 in reducing aerobic mesophilic bacteria and E. coli O157:H7 populations, although it was not as effective as ASC in reducing yeast and mould populations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Allende, Ana] CSIC, CEBAS, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Res Grp Qual Safety & Bioact Plant Foods, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [McEvoy, James; Luo, Yaguang] ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Allende, A (reprint author), CSIC, CEBAS, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Res Grp Qual Safety & Bioact Plant Foods, POB 164, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM aallende@cebas.csic.es RI ALLENDE, ANA/D-1867-2012 OI ALLENDE, ANA/0000-0002-5622-4332 NR 41 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.05.009 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 373RF UT WOS:000260989100009 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Eastridge, J Mudd, C AF Sharma, Manan Eastridge, Janet Mudd, Cheryl TI Effective household disinfection methods of kitchen sponges SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Sponges; Disinfection; Kitchen; Household; Bacteria; Spoilage; Foodborne illness ID FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; DOMESTIC KITCHEN; UNITED-STATES; STAINLESS-STEEL; FOOD; SURFACES; HYGIENE; HOME AB Several household disinfecting treatments to reduce bacteria, yeasts and molds on kitchen sponges were evaluated. Sponges were soaked in 10% bleach solution for 3 min, lemon juice (pH 2.9) for 1 min, or deionized water for 1 min, placed in a microwave oven for 1 min at full power, or placed in a dishwasher for full wash and drying cycles, or left untreated (control). Microwaving and dishwashing treatments significantly lowered (P < 0.05) aerobic bacterial counts (<0.4 log and 1.6 log CFU/sponge, respectively) more than any chemical treatment or control (7.5 CFU/sponge). Counts of yeasts and molds recovered from sponges receiving microwave (<0.4 log CFU/sponge) or dishwashing (0.4 log CFU/sponge) treatments were significantly lower than those recovered from sponges immersed in chemical treatments. Our study shows that microwaving and dishwashing treatments may kill foodborne pathogens in a household kitchen environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sharma, Manan; Eastridge, Janet; Mudd, Cheryl] USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 201,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manan.sharma@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 310 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.05.020 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 373RF UT WOS:000260989100024 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Fox, WE Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Hoffman, DW Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. Fox, William E. Callaway, Todd R. Anderson, Robin C. Hoffman, Dennis W. Nisbet, David J. TI Pathogen Prevalence and Influence of Composted Dairy Manure Application on Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Commensal Soil Bacteria SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CONTAMINATED MANURE; IRRIGATION WATER; LEAF LETTUCE; CATTLE; SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS; QUALITY AB Composting manure, if done properly, should kill pathogenic bacteria Such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7, providing for in environmentally safe product. Over a 3-year period, samples of composted. dairy manure, representing 11 composting operations (two to six samples per producer; 100 total samples), were screened for Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 and were all culture negative. Nonpathogenic bacteria were cultured from these compost samples that could theoretically facilitate the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the dairy to compost application sites. Therefore, we collected soil samples (three samples per plot; 10 plots/treatment; 90 total samples) from rangeland that received either composted dairy manure (CP), commercial fertilizer (F), or no treatment (control, CON). Two collections were made appoximately 2 and 7 months following treatment application. Soil samples were cultured for Pseudomonas and Enterobacter and confirmed isolates subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Three species of Enterobacter (cloacae, 27 isolates; aeroginosa, two isolates; sakazakii, one isolate) and two species of Pseudomonas (aeruginosa, 11 isolates; putida, seven isolates) were identified. Five Enterobacter isolates were resistant to ampicillin and one isolate was resistant to spectinomycin. All Pseudomonas isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, sulphachloropyridazine, sulphadimethoxine, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and most isolates were resistant to chlortetracycline and spectinomycin. Pseudomonas isolates were resistant to an average of 8.6, 7.9, and 8 antibiotics for CON, CP, and F treatments, respectively. No treatment differences were observed in antimicrobial resistance patterns in arty of the soil isolates examined. Results reported herein support the use of composted dairy manure as an environmentally friendly soil amendment. C1 [Edrington, Tom S.; Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fox, William E.] Texas Water Resources Inst, College Stn, TX USA. [Hoffman, Dennis W.] Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 22 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0184 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 413UO UT WOS:000263818200009 PM 19105635 ER PT J AU Becker, DR Nechodom, M Barnett, A Mason, T Lowell, EC Shelly, J Graham, D AF Becker, Dennis R. Nechodom, Mark Barnett, Adam Mason, Tad Lowell, Eini C. Shelly, John Graham, Dean TI Assessing the role of federal community assistance programs to develop biomass utilization capacity in the western United States SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Biomass utilization; Community assistance programs; Hazardous fuel reduction; Western United States AB As forest biomass utilization becomes cost effective to harvest, more areas at risk of catastrophic wildfire can be thinned of dense brush and small diameter trees. In an effort to increase biomass utilization, the USDA Forest Service granted more than $36 million in National Fire Plan-Economic Action Program funds in the western United States during fiscal years 2001 to 2003. Interviews with program coordinators and grant recipients were used to characterize the types of investment strategies used and to assess accomplishments relative to national fuels reduction objectives. Findings include a strong emphasis on grants leveraging other funding sources, coordination of resources to increase utilization capacity, and the need for technical assistance to facilitate project design and implementation. We conclude that community assistance programs may help to create the type of utilization capacity necessary to reduce hazardous fuels. but that sustained progress will depend on synergistic activities on multiple fronts and improved demonstration of program accomplishments. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Becker, Dennis R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nechodom, Mark; Barnett, Adam] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. [Mason, Tad] TSS Consultants, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. [Lowell, Eini C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [Shelly, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nat Resources, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Graham, Dean] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Becker, DR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM drbecker@umn.edu RI Becker, Dennis/E-6249-2017 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.12.002 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 425FT UT WOS:000264623100008 ER PT J AU Brashaw, BK Bucur, V Divos, F Goncalves, R Lu, JX Meder, R Pellerin, RF Potter, S Ross, RJ Wang, XP Yin, YF AF Brashaw, Brian K. Bucur, Voichita Divos, Ferenc Goncalves, Raquel Lu, Jianxiong Meder, Roger Pellerin, Roy F. Potter, Simon Ross, Robert J. Wang, Xiping Yin, Yafang TI Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood: A Worldwide Research Update SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NIR SPECTROSCOPY; STANDING TREES; STIFFNESS; LUMBER; LOGS; VELOCITY C1 [Brashaw, Brian K.; Wang, Xiping] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Divos, Ferenc] Univ W Hungary, Fac Wood Sci, Sopron, Hungary. [Goncalves, Raquel] Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Nondestruct Testing, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Lu, Jianxiong; Yin, Yafang] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Meder, Roger] CSIRO Plant Ind, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Pellerin, Roy F.] Washington State Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Potter, Simon] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Ross, Robert J.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Brashaw, BK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM bbrashaw@nrri.umn.edu; voichita.bucur@csiro.au; divos@fmk.nyme.hu; raquel@feagri.unicamp.br; jianx-iong@caf.ac.cn; roger.meder@csiro.au; rf-pa-pellerin@hotmail.com; simon.potter@csiro.au; rjross@fs.fed.us; xwang@fs.fed.us; yafang@caf.ac.cn RI Meder, Roger/A-7071-2011; Bucur, Voichita/A-9547-2011; Goncalves, Raquel/E-5163-2012 OI Goncalves, Raquel/0000-0003-0406-8988 NR 19 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 17 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 59 IS 3 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 439XB UT WOS:000265659800001 ER PT J AU Gething, BA Janowiak, JJ Falk, RH AF Gething, Brad A. Janowiak, John J. Falk, Robert H. TI Assessment of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for classification of preservative in CCA-treated lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD AB In many parts of the world, efforts are being made to recycle chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated materials. While positive steps have been taken to identify CCA-treated lumber in the waste stream, little has been done to find a fast and accurate means to ascertain the level of preservative that exists in the lumber. The ability of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to determine the level of residual CCA preservative in reclaimed decking was assessed in this experimental pilot Study. Control specimens at treatment levels of 0, 2.5, 3.7, 8.5, and 11.8 kg of CCA preservative per in 3 of material (kg/m(3)) were analyzed to create a series of regress ion-fitted calibration lines. The most appropriate regression analysis with data reduction procedures were determined and subsequently used to comparatively predict the level of residual preservative relative to reclaimed decking lumber. Three different deck boards were investigated varying in age from 10, 18, and 25 years, and the remaining amount of preservative in the reclaimed specimens was verified using x-ray fluorescence. The current study revealed that LIBS possesses the potential to measure a threshold value of preservative, so that a reclaimed piece of lumber could be classified for an appropriate application that corresponds to its level of preservative retention. A more in-depth study is warranted to more fully evaluate the LIBS technique with greater certainty. C1 [Gething, Brad A.; Janowiak, John J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Falk, Robert H.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Gething, BA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bag202@psu.edu; jjj2@psu.edu; rhfalk@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service FX This project was conducted jointly with Support from the USDA Forest Service and the Penn State Agriculture Experiment Station. The authors express thanks to Stan Lebow (USDA FPL) for providing the experimental controls used in the Study. The authors also wish to thank Bob Kearton for his assistance on the project, and they gratefully acknowledge the cooperation provided by Ocean Optics, Inc. (Dunedin, Florida). Gratitude is also extended to Camille Freitag and Jeff Morrell, Department of Wood Science & Engineering, Oregon State University. and Steve Bryant of Koppers, Inc. for the X-ray fluorescence analysis performed in this Study. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 59 IS 3 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 439XB UT WOS:000265659800009 ER PT J AU Hummel, S Donovan, GH Spies, TA Hemstrom, MA AF Hummel, Susan Donovan, Geoffrey H. Spies, Thomas A. Hemstrom, Miles A. TI Conserving biodiversity using risk management: hoax or hope? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID INSURANCE; STABILITY AB Biodiversity has been called a form of ecosystem insurance. According to the "insurance hypothesis", the presence of many species protects against system decline, because built-in redundancies guarantee that some species will maintain key functions even if others fail. The hypothesis might have merit, but calling it "insurance" promotes an ambiguous understanding of risk management strategies and underlying theories of risk. Instead, such redundancy suggests a strategy of diversification. A clearer understanding of risk includes comprehending the important distinction between risk assessment and risk management, acknowledging the existence of undiversifiable risk, and recognizing that risk and uncertainty are not synonymous. A better grasp of risk management will help anyone interested in assessing the merits of different biodiversity conservation strategies. At stake is the adequacy of conservation strategies for mitigating human-caused biodiversity losses. C1 [Hummel, Susan; Donovan, Geoffrey H.; Hemstrom, Miles A.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [Spies, Thomas A.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Hummel, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. EM shummel@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service FX This paper was initiated during science retreats organized by the USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, FSD Program in 2004 and 2005. An earlier version was presented in July 2006 at the conference Advances in threat assessment and their application to forest and rangeland management in Boulder, Colorado. It subsequently benefited from comments by D Lee and B Kerns. RA Stevens explained the process diagrammed in Figure 3. We thank the artist and photographers who gave us permission to use their images. T Rapp at G=ist, Freiburg, Germany formatted all the graphics. Financial support was provided by the USDA Forest Service. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1890/070111 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 415BD UT WOS:000263908400022 ER PT J AU Gokirmak, T Mehlenbacher, S Bassil, N AF Goekirmak, Tufan Mehlenbacher, Shawn A. Bassil, Nahla V. TI Characterization of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars using SSR markers SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Corylus avellana; Filbert; Fingerprinting; Germplasm characterization; Microsatellite; Simple sequence repeat ID EASTERN FILBERT BLIGHT; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; L.; DIVERSITY; DNA; POPULATIONS; COLLECTION; STRATEGIES; ALLELES AB World hazelnut production is based primarily on selections from the wild. In this study, we used 21 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers to investigate genetic diversity in 270 clonal accessions of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) representing a wide geographic range. Of the 270 accessions, 198 had unique fingerprints while 72 were duplicates. Based on the 198 unique accessions, the number of detected alleles per locus averaged 9.81 and observed heterozygosity (H(o)) averaged 0.67. Of the 206 total alleles amplified, 20 were unique to a single accession. A genetic similarity matrix was constructed and the resulting dendrogram revealed four major geographical groups: Central European, Black Sea, English and Spanish-Italian. SSR alleles indicated the parentage of 31 accessions. The fingerprints are publicly available through the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database. The identification of duplicate and mislabeled accessions will improve management of hazelnut genebanks, and information on genetic variation in hazelnut will assist the international research community. C1 [Goekirmak, Tufan; Mehlenbacher, Shawn A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bassil, Nahla V.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Mehlenbacher, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 Agr & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mehlenbs@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 45 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 147 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s10722-008-9352-8 PG 26 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 409RQ UT WOS:000263523900002 ER PT J AU Pumphrey, M Bai, JF Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D Anderson, O Gill, BS AF Pumphrey, Michael Bai, Jianfa Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie Anderson, Olin Gill, Bikram S. TI Nonadditive Expression of Homoeologous Genes Is Established Upon Polyploidization in Hexaploid Wheat SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS ALLOTETRAPLOIDS; MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; PLANT POLYPLOIDS; RUST RESISTANCE; STRIPE RUST; T-TAUSCHII; STEM RUST; GENOME AB Effects of polyploidy in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have Primarily been ascribed to increases in coding sequence variation and potential to acquire new gene functions through mutation of redundant loci. However, regulatory variation that arises through new promoter and transcription factor Combinations or epigenetic events may also contribute to the effects of polyploidization. In this study, gene expression was characterized ill a synthetic T aestivum line and the T turgidum and Aegilops tauschii parents to establish a timeline for such regulatory changes avid estimate the frequency of nonadditive expression of homoeologous transcripts in newly formed T. aestivum. Large-scale analysis of nonadditive gene expression was assayed by microarray expression experiments, where synthetic T. aestivum gene expression was compared to additive model values (mid-parent) calculated from parental T. trugidum and. tauschii expression levels. Approximately 16% of genes were estimated to display nonadditive expression in synthetic T. aestivum. A certain fraction of the genes (2.9%) showed overdominance or underdominance. cDNA-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis was applied to measure expression of homoeologous transcripts and further verify microarray data. The results demonstrate that allopolyploidization, per se, results in rapid initiation of differential expression of homoeologous loci and nonadditive gene expression in T. aestivum. C1 [Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie; Anderson, Olin] ARS, USDA, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, 4024 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsgill@ksu.edu NR 52 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 21 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 181 IS 3 BP 1147 EP 1157 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.096941 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 499IU UT WOS:000270213500030 PM 19104075 ER PT J AU Groenen, MAM Wahlberg, P Foglio, M Cheng, HH Megens, HJ Crooijmans, RPMA Besnier, F Lathrop, M Muir, WM Wong, GKS Gut, I Andersson, L AF Groenen, Martien A. M. Wahlberg, Per Foglio, Mario Cheng, Hans H. Megens, Hendrik-Jan Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A. Besnier, Francois Lathrop, Mark Muir, William M. Wong, Gane Ka-Shu Gut, Ivo Andersson, Leif TI A high-density SNP-based linkage map of the chicken genome reveals sequence features correlated with recombination rate SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENETIC MAPS; PHYSICAL MAP; SEX; CHROMOSOME; EVOLUTION; POLYMORPHISMS; FREQUENCIES; DIFFERENCE; INVERSION; MARKERS AB The resolution of the chicken consensus linkage map has been dramatically improved in this study by genotyping 12,945 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on three existing mapping populations in chicken: the Wageningen (WU), East Lansing (EL), and Uppsala (UPP) mapping populations. As many as 8599 SNPs could be included, bringing the total number of markers in the current consensus linkage map to 9268. The total length of the sex average map is 3228 cM, considerably smaller than previous estimates using the WU and EL populations, reflecting the higher quality of the new map. The current map consists of 34 linkage groups and covers at least 29 of the 38 autosomes. Sex-specific analysis and comparisons of the maps based on the three individual populations showed prominent heterogeneity in recombination rates between populations, but no significant heterogeneity between sexes. The recombination rates in the F(1) Red Jungle fowl/White Leghorn males and females were significantly lower compared with those in the WU broiler population, consistent with a higher recombination rate in purebred domestic animals under strong artificial selection. The recombination rate varied considerably among chromosomes as well as along individual chromosomes. An analysis of the sequence composition at recombination hot and cold spots revealed a strong positive correlation between GC-rich sequences and high recombination rates. The GC-rich cohesin binding sites in particular stood out from other GC-rich sequences with a 3.4-fold higher density at recombination hot spots versus cold spots, suggesting a functional relationship between recombination frequency and cohesin binding. C1 [Groenen, Martien A. M.; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A.] Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. [Wahlberg, Per; Andersson, Leif] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Cheng, Hans H.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Foglio, Mario; Lathrop, Mark; Gut, Ivo] Ctr Natl Genotypage, F-91057 Evry, France. [Muir, William M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wong, Gane Ka-Shu] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Wong, Gane Ka-Shu] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Wong, Gane Ka-Shu] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. [Andersson, Leif] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Groenen, MAM (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. EM martien.groenen@wur.nl RI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/E-9676-2010; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013 OI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/0000-0002-3619-7533; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560 FU USDA NRICGP [2004-05434]; Swedish Foundation FX This work was supported in part by funding from the USDA NRICGP (#2004-05434 to H.H.C., M.A.M.G., G.K.S.W., and W.M.M.) and from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning ( to L.A.). NR 42 TC 145 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 20 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1101/gr.086538.108 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 414EU UT WOS:000263847500016 PM 19088305 ER PT J AU Smithwick, EAH Ryan, MG Kashian, DM Romme, WH Tinker, DB Turner, MG AF Smithwick, E. A. H. Ryan, M. G. Kashian, D. M. Romme, W. H. Tinker, D. B. Turner, M. G. TI Modeling the effects of fire and climate change on carbon and nitrogen storage in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CENTURY; serotiny; tree density; Yellowstone ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; FOREST DISTURBANCES; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; LEAF-AREA; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; CANADA AB The interaction between disturbance and climate change and resultant effects on ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are poorly understood. Here, we model (using CENTURY version 4.5) how climate change may affect C and N fluxes among mature and regenerating lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.) stands that vary in postfire tree density following stand-replacing fire. Both young (postfire) and mature stands had elevated forest production and net N mineralization under future climate scenarios relative to current climate. Forest production increased 25% [Hadley (HAD)] to 36% [Canadian Climate Center (CCC)], compared with 2% under current climate, among stands that varied in stand age and postfire density. Net N mineralization increased under both climate scenarios, e. g., +19% to 37% (HAD) and +11% to 23% (CCC), with greatest increases for young stands with sparse tree regeneration. By 2100, total ecosystem carbon (live + dead + soils) in mature stands was higher than prefire levels, e. g., +16% to 19% (HAD) and +24% to 28% (CCC). For stands regenerating following fire in 1988, total C storage was 0-9% higher under the CCC climate model, but 5-6% lower under the HAD model and 20-37% lower under the Control. These patterns, which reflect variation in stand age, postfire tree density, and climate model, suggest that although there were strong positive responses of lodgepole pine productivity to future changes in climate, C flux over the next century will reflect complex relationships between climate, age structure, and disturbance-recovery patterns of the landscape. C1 [Smithwick, E. A. H.; Turner, M. G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Smithwick, E. A. H.; Turner, M. G.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ryan, M. G.] ARS, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, M. G.; Romme, W. H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, M. G.; Romme, W. H.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kashian, D. M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Tinker, D. B.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Smithwick, EAH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, 302 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM smithwick@psu.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; Romme, William/C-7317-2016; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Smithwick, Erica/0000-0003-3497-2011 FU US Joint Fire Science Program FX We would like to thank Dennis S. Ojima andWilliam J. Parton for help with designing the study and commenting on initial results, and Cindy Keough for help with model parameterization. Comments byWilliam J. Parton on earlier drafts greatly improved the manuscript. We are indebted to the VEMAP modeling group for the climate datasets used in our simulations. This study was funded by a grant from the US Joint Fire Science Program to M. G. Ryan, M. G. Turner, W. H. Romme, and D. B. Tinker. NR 58 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 535 EP 548 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01659.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404EV UT WOS:000263134600002 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Jensen, KB Peel, MD Waldron, BL AF Robins, J. G. Jensen, K. B. Peel, M. D. Waldron, B. L. TI Establishment of warm-season grasses in summer and damage in winter under supplementary irrigation in a semi-arid environment at high elevation in western United States of America SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bio-energy; herbage production; stand frequency; switchgrass; semi-arid environment ID SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; GENOTYPE AB As with other areas of the world, herbage production of cool-season grasses in irrigated semi-arid areas of the western USA at high elevation declines during summer. The use of warm-season grasses during this period could be a possible way to ameliorate this decline in herbage production. The ability of twenty-one grass cultivars, representing seven warm-season grass species, to establish in the summer of 2005, as measured by stand frequency and herbage production, the potential for damage in winter under irrigated conditions in 2005-2006 and the stand frequency in 2006 at two sites in semi-arid environments of the western USA was compared with that of a cultivar of each of six cool-season grass species. Some warm-season grass species, including switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), showed potential for use in this environment, based on their similar herbage production in 2005 and similar values of stand frequency in 2005 and 2006 to that of cool-season grasses. All the cultivars of the warm-season grass species suffered greater winter damage than did the cultivars of the cool-season species. The higher winter damage to the species of warm-season grasses did not correspond with a lower stand frequency in the second year. C1 [Robins, J. G.; Jensen, K. B.; Peel, M. D.; Waldron, B. L.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), Forage & Range Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Utah Agricultural Experimental Station [8006] FX This paper is a joint contribution of the USDA-ARS and the Utah Agricultural Experimental Station (Paper No. 8006). Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA or Utah State University. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2008.00668.x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 407DF UT WOS:000263343100005 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Tucker, KL Choudhry, S Parnell, LD Mattei, J Garcia-Bailo, B Beckman, K Burchard, EG Ordovas, JM AF Lai, Chao-Qiang Tucker, Katherine L. Choudhry, Shweta Parnell, Laurence D. Mattei, Josiemer Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana Beckman, Kenny Burchard, Esteban Gonzalez Ordovas, Jose M. TI Population admixture associated with disease prevalence in the Boston Puerto Rican health study SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; UNITED-STATES; ANCESTRAL PROPORTIONS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; HISPANIC ELDERS; STRATIFICATION; AMERICAN; MASSACHUSETTS AB Older Puerto Ricans living in the continental U.S. suffer from higher rates of diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression compared to non-Hispanic White populations. Complex diseases, such as these, are likely due to multiple, potentially interacting, genetic, environmental and social risk factors. Presumably, many of these environmental and genetic risk factors are contextual. We reasoned that racial background may modify some of these risk factors and be associated with health disparities among Puerto Ricans. The contemporary Puerto Rican population is genetically heterogeneous and originated from three ancestral populations: European settlers, native Taino Indians, and West Africans. This rich-mixed ancestry of Puerto Ricans provides the intrinsic variability needed to untangle complex gene-environment interactions in disease susceptibility and severity. Herein, we determined whether a specific ancestral background was associated with either of four major disease outcomes (diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and depression). We estimated the genetic ancestry of 1,129 subjects from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study based on genotypes of 100 ancestry informative markers (AIMs). We examined the effects of ancestry on tests of association between single AIMs and disease traits. The ancestral composition of this population was 57.2% European, 27.4% African, and 15.4% Native American. African ancestry was negatively associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and positively correlated with hypertension. It is likely that the high prevalence rate of diabetes in Africans, Hispanics, and Native Americans is not due to genetic variation alone, but to the combined effects of genetic variation interacting with environmental and social factors. C1 [Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Mattei, Josiemer; Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Mattei, Josiemer; Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Choudhry, Shweta; Burchard, Esteban Gonzalez] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Burchard, Esteban Gonzalez] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Beckman, Kenny] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL07888, HL54776, R01 HL054776, R01 HL054776-11, R01 HL078885, T32 HL069772]; NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG023394-05, 5P01AG023394-02, P01 AG023394] NR 48 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 125 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s00439-008-0612-7 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 409HN UT WOS:000263496900009 PM 19107526 ER PT J AU Risser, DW Gburek, WJ Folmar, GJ AF Risser, Dennis W. Gburek, William J. Folmar, Gordon J. TI Comparison of recharge estimates at a small watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater recharge; Base flow; Fractured rocks; USA ID RECORDS; BALANCE; SITE AB The common recommendation that recharge should be estimated from multiple methods is sound, but the inherent differences of the methods make it difficult to assess the accuracy of differing results. In this study, four methods for estimating groundwater recharge and two methods for estimating base flow (as a proxy for recharge) are compared at two hydrologic research sites in east-central Pennsylvania, USA. Results from the multiple methods all provided reasonable estimates of groundwater recharge that differed considerably. The estimates of mean annual recharge for the period 1994-2001 ranged from 22.9 to 35.7cm-about 45% of the mean of all estimates. For individual years, recharge estimates from the multiple methods ranged from 30 to 42% of the mean value during the dry years and 64 to 76% of the mean value during wet years. Comparison of multiple methods was found to be useful for determining the range of plausible recharge rates and highlighting the uncertainty of the estimates. C1 [Risser, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Gburek, William J.; Folmar, Gordon J.] ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Risser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM dwrisser@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Ground Water Resources Program FX This work was supported through the US Geological Survey's Ground Water Resources Program as part of an effort to evaluate methods for estimating groundwater recharge in humid areas of the United States. The US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA provided the hydrologic data used in the study. The authors thank the US Geological Survey reviewers P. Juckem and B. Lindsey as well as A. Piggott, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments that improved this paper. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0406-y PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 444VI UT WOS:000266008100004 ER PT J AU Laliberte, AS Rango, A AF Laliberte, Andrea S. Rango, Albert TI Texture and Scale in Object-Based Analysis of Subdecimeter Resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Object-based classification; rangelands; scale; texture; unmanned aircraft ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CLASSIFICATION; EXTRACTION; PARAMETERS; SEGMENTATION; INFORMATION; PHOTOGRAPHY; FEATURES AB Imagery acquired with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has great potential for incorporation into natural resource monitoring protocols due to their ability to be deployed quickly and repeatedly and to fly at low altitudes. While the imagery may have high spatial resolution, the spectral resolution is low when lightweight off-the-shelf digital cameras are used, and the inclusion or texture measures can potentially increase the classification accuracy. Texture measures have been used widely in pixel-based image analysis, but their use in an object-based environment has not been well documented. Our objectives were to determine the most suitable texture measures and the optimal image analysis scale for differentiating rangeland vegetation using UAV imagery segmented at multiple scales. A decision tree was used to determine the optimal texture features for each segmentation scale. Results indicated the following: 1) The error rate of the decision tree was lower; 2) prediction success was higher; 3) class separability was greater; and 4) overall accuracy was higher (high 90% range) at coarser segmentation scales. The inclusion of texture measures increased classification accuracies at nearly all segmentation scales, and entropy was the texture measure with the highest score in most decision trees. The results demonstrate that UAVs are viable platforms for rangeland monitoring and that the drawbacks of low-cost off-the-shelf digital cameras can be overcome by including texture measures and using object-based image analysis which is highly suitable for very high resolution imagery. C1 [Laliberte, Andrea S.; Rango, Albert] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Laliberte, AS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alaliber@nmsu.edu; alrango@nmsu.edu RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation; Jornada Basin IV: Linkages in Semi-arid Landscapes; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX Manuscript received December 12, 2007: revised June 13, 2008, August 26, 2008. and September 30, 2008. First published February 3, 2009: current version published February 19, 2009. This work was supported in part by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the National Science Foundation Lonh-Term Ecological Research Program. Jornada Basin IV: Linkages in Semi-arid Landscapes. and in part by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service in support of the Conservation Effects Assessment Program. NR 43 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 11 U2 77 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 SI SI BP 761 EP 770 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2009355 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 415JA UT WOS:000263928900008 ER PT J AU Altpeter, F Neibaur, I Zhang, H Meagher, RL Gallo, M AF Altpeter, F. Neibaur, I. Zhang, H. Meagher, R. L. Gallo, M. TI Expression of a Synthetic Bt cry Gene in Seashore Paspalum Confers Fall Armyworm Resistance. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Altpeter, F.; Neibaur, I.; Zhang, H.; Gallo, M.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Genet Inst, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program,Agron Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Meagher, R. L.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM altpeter@ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S76 EP S77 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400193 ER PT J AU Bridges, WC Adelberg, JW Niedz, R AF Bridges, W. C. Adelberg, J. W. Niedz, R. TI Design of Multivariate Experiments. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bridges, W. C.; Adelberg, J. W.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Niedz, R.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM wbrdgs@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S28 EP S28 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400073 ER PT J AU Chen, G AF Chen, Grace TI Biotechnology for Castor Oil Production SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Grace] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grace.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S65 EP S65 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400162 ER PT J AU Cruz, L Fellers, JP Trick, HN AF Cruz, Luisa Fellers, John P. Trick, Harold N. TI RNAi Mediated Viral Resistance in Transgenic Wheat. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fellers, John P.] Kansas State Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit,Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM luisac@ksu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400195 ER PT J AU Du, HN Pijut, PM AF Du, Hypocotyls N. Pijut, P. M. TI Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Fraxinus pennsylvanica Hypocotyls. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Du, Hypocotyls N.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pijut, P. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@purdue.edu RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400180 ER PT J AU Ellis, D AF Ellis, Dave TI A Government Scientist: How it Works With the Agricultural Research Service SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ellis, Dave] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM david.ellis@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S17 EP S17 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400043 ER PT J AU Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH AF Grasela, James J. McIntosh, Arthur H. TI Establishment of a Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus, Lepidoptera: Danaidae) Cell Line and its Susceptibility to Insect Viruses. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grasela, James J.; McIntosh, Arthur H.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM graselajj@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S47 EP S47 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400122 ER PT J AU Grasela, JJ AF Grasela, James J. TI Foreign Exploration of Potential Entomopathogen Agents for the Control of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella: a Case Study SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grasela, James J.] ARS, USDA, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM graselajj@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400037 ER PT J AU Hughes, SR AF Hughes, Stephen R. TI GMAX Yeast Background Strain Made from Industrial Tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Engineered to Convert Sucrose, Starch, and Cellulosic Sugars Universally to Ethanol Anaerobically with Concurrent Coproduct Expression SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hughes, Stephen R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, BBC, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Stephen.Hughes@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S5 EP S6 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400015 ER PT J AU Kamo, K Hsu, HT Jordan, R Guaragna, MA AF Kamo, K. Hsu, H. T. Jordan, R. Guaragna, M. A. TI Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Gladiolus Plants with the Coat Protein or Replicase Genes. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kamo, K.; Hsu, H. T.; Jordan, R.; Guaragna, M. A.] USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kathryn.Kamo@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S77 EP S78 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400196 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP Evens, TJ AF Niedz, R. P. Evens, T. J. TI The Effect of Agrobacterium Growth Phase and Density on Citrus Transformation. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Niedz, R. P.; Evens, T. J.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Randall.Niedz@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400181 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP AF Niedz, R. P. TI Visualization, Interpretation, and Mining of Data from Multivariate Designs. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Niedz, R. P.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Randall.Niedz@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S28 EP S28 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400075 ER PT J AU Oliver, MJ AF Oliver, M. J. TI Seed Targeted Gene Confinement Strategies. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Oliver, M. J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Mel.Oliver@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S30 EP S30 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400082 ER PT J AU Parajuli, P Joshee, N Rimando, A Mittal, S Yadav, AK AF Parajuli, P. Joshee, N. Rimando, A. Mittal, S. Yadav, A. K. TI Anti-tumor Mechanisms of Various Scutellaria Extracts and Constituent Flavonoids. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parajuli, P.; Mittal, S.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Detroit, MI 48085 USA. [Parajuli, P.; Mittal, S.] Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48085 USA. [Joshee, N.; Yadav, A. K.] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Rimando, A.] ARS, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. EM pparajuli@med.wayne.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S20 EP S21 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400052 ER PT J AU Reed, BM Castillo, NRF Wada, S Bassil, NV AF Reed, B. M. Castillo, N. R. F. Wada, S. Bassil, N. V. TI Transitory Polymorphisms Are Observed in Cryopreserved Rubus Shoot Tips Using AFLP Markers. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Castillo, N. R. F.; Wada, S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reed, B. M.; Bassil, N. V.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400212 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF Kelley, RY AF Sakhanokho, Hamidou F. Kelley, Rowena Y. TI Induced Tetraploidy in Hedychium bousigonianum via Treatment of Embryogenic Callus with Antimitotic Agents. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sakhanokho, Hamidou F.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Kelley, Rowena Y.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Hamidou.Sakhanokho@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S70 EP S70 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400176 ER PT J AU Stanley, D Goodman, CL AF Stanley, D. Goodman, C. L. TI The Established Insect Cell Line, BCIRL-HzAMI, Expresses a Cellular and a Secretory Phospholipase A(2). SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stanley, D.; Goodman, C. L.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM David.Stanley@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 SU S BP S41 EP S42 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400107 ER PT J AU Thilmony, R Guttman, ME Cook, M Thomson, JG AF Thilmony, Roger Guttman, Mara E. Cook, Meridith Thomson, James G. TI Rice Promoters That Confer Organ-specific Transgene Expression SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thilmony, Roger; Guttman, Mara E.; Cook, Meridith; Thomson, James G.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM roger.thilmony@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S62 EP S62 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400154 ER PT J AU Thomson, J Yau, YY Blanvillain, R Ow, D AF Thomson, J. Yau, Y. Y. Blanvillain, R. Ow, D. TI Site-specific Excision of Targeted DNA is Facilitated by Bxb1 in the Arabidopsis Genome SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomson, J.; Ow, D.] USDA, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. [Yau, Y. Y.; Blanvillain, R.; Ow, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thomson, J.; Yau, Y. Y.; Blanvillain, R.; Ow, D.] ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM James.thomson@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S63 EP S63 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400157 ER PT J AU Uchendu, EE Reed, BM AF Uchendu, Esther E. Reed, Barbara M. TI Exogenous Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid Improve In Vitro Recovery of Cryopreserved Rubus Shoot Tips. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Uchendu, Esther E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reed, Barbara M.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM uchendue@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400095 ER PT J AU Vogel, CJ Mayer, K Rokhsar, D Schmutz, J Mockler, T Huo, N Bragg, J Wu, J Gu, Y Garvin, D Bevan, M AF Vogel, Crops. J. Mayer, K. Rokhsar, D. Schmutz, J. Mockler, T. Huo, N. Bragg, J. Wu, J. Gu, Y. Garvin, D. Bevan, M. TI Brachypodium distachyon: a New Model for Biomass Crops SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vogel, Crops. J.; Huo, N.; Bragg, J.; Wu, J.; Gu, Y.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Mayer, K.] Helmholz Zentrum, MIPS, Munich, Germany. [Rokhsar, D.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Schmutz, J.] Hudson Alpha Inst Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL USA. [Mockler, T.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Garvin, D.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bevan, M.] John Innes Ctr, Norwich, NY USA. EM john.vogel@ars.usda.gov RI Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013 OI Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400017 ER PT J AU Whalen, M Kumar, S McMahan, C Cornish, K AF Whalen, M. Kumar, S. McMahan, C. Cornish, K. TI Engineering Rubber Production in Plants. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Whalen, M.; Kumar, S.; McMahan, C.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kumar, S.; Cornish, K.] Yulex Corp, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Maureen.whalen@ars.usda.gov RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400078 ER PT J AU Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Evangelista, RL Wu, YV AF Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P. Evangelista, Roque L. Wu, Y. Victor TI Characterization of milkweed (Asclepias spp.) seed proteins SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Milkweed; Milkweed protein; Protein molecular weight; Soluble protein fractions; Functional properties; Amino acid composition ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTIONS; ULTRAFILTRATION; SOLUBILITY; EXTRACTION; OIL AB Milkweed (Asclepias spp.) is a crop grown mainly for the production of floss used as hypoallergenic fillers in comforters and pillows. The seeds end up as by-products. Milkweed seed contains 21% oil and 30% crude protein (dry basis). The oil is similar in quality to soybean oil, but there is no information on the properties of milkweed protein. This study determined the MW of major fractions, soluble classes, amino acid composition, and functional properties of milkweed seed protein. Ground milkweed seeds were analyzed for proximate composition and amino acid profile, as well as, subjected to SDS-PAGE and protein functionality tests. Reduced proteins showed eight distinct bands with MW ranging from 6.5 to 59.3 kDa. The dominant protein classes were water-soluble (22%) and salt-soluble (15%). Solubility of milkweed seed protein was lowest (12%) at pH 4, 40% at pH 7, and reached a maximum (60%) at pH 10. The protein produced substantial foam volumes, but foam stability was poor. Its emulsifying capacity was excellent, especially at pH 10, and emulsions formed were stable. Water-holding capacity and surface hydrophobicity index values were higher at pH 7 than at pH 10. These results showed that milkweed seed protein has functional properties that may find use as a thickener, protein extender in adhesives, or emulsifier in paints. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Evangelista, Roque L.] ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Wu, Y. Victor] NCAUR ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hojilla-Evangelista, MP (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mila.HojillaEvangelista@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.05.013 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 420QN UT WOS:000264304400003 ER PT J AU French, AN Hunsaker, D Thorp, K Clarke, T AF French, A. N. Hunsaker, D. Thorp, K. Clarke, T. TI Evapotranspiration over a camelina crop at Maricopa, Arizona SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Camelina; Evapotranspiration; Remote sensing; Thermal infrared; Irrigation ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SATIVA L. CRANTZ; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY FLUXES; SEED; MODEL; WHEAT; SOIL; OIL AB Evapotranspiration (ET) over an oilseed crop, Camelina sativa, was evaluated for an experimental plot in,Maricopa, Arizona between December 2006 and April 2007. Camelina (cv. Robinson) was grown in a 1.3-ha field in a randomized design containing 32 plots replicated for four levels of water depletion: 40, 55, 65, and 75%. Six supplemental plots evaluated water stress with 85% soil water depletion. A surface energy balance model, utilizing meteorological and radiometric observations within the plots, was implemented to estimate latent heat fluxes from the camelina. canopy at 15-min intervals during most of the growing season. The latent heat fluxes were then summed to produce daily estimates of ET. A distinct aspect of the model was the incorporation of canopy thermal infrared observations at 15 different locations, which allow plant water stress detection. The resulting ET values were compared with independent observations of soil water depletion, obtained from soil neutron probe profiles. Agreement on a plot-by-plot basis between modeled and observed ET values was very good, where root mean squared errors (RMSE) were usually less than 0.8 mm d(-1), R-2 > 0.78, and bias <0.76 mm d(-1). Average yield for the camelina crop was 1000 +/- 310 kg ha(-1). Average total oil content was 41.4 +/- 3.8% by weight. Oil content was predicted by yield with fair accuracy where R-2 was 0.425 and RMSE was 2.36%. Correlation between resultant camelina yield and total ET was weak; the four main water depletion treatment plots showed no dependence of yield upon cumulative ET. The secondary water stress treatment plots, however, did show dependence, where a 20% reduction in cumulative ET resulted in a corresponding 24% reduction in yield. Hence seasonal camelina water minimally required 333-423 mm. The ET results showed that the surface energy balance is a feasible and valuable technique for monitoring crop water requirement over this potential oil seed crop. Further work is needed to characterize the relation between camelina. yield and ET, including tests of different varieties and levels of fertilization. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [French, A. N.; Hunsaker, D.; Thorp, K.; Clarke, T.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP French, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Andrew.French@ARS.USDA.GOV RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817; Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.06.001 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 420QN UT WOS:000264304400005 ER PT J AU Coffelt, TA Nakayama, FS Ray, DT Cornish, K McMahan, CM AF Coffelt, T. A. Nakayama, F. S. Ray, D. T. Cornish, K. McMahan, C. M. TI Post-harvest storage effects on guayule latex, rubber, and resin contents and yields SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Parthenium argentatum; Shrub storage; Guayule; Rubber yield; Latex yield; Rubber content; Latex content; Resin yield; Resin content; Guayulin content ID NATURAL-RUBBER; IGE ANTIBODIES; WATER-STRESS; QUALITY AB Guayule is a new crop being commercialized for hypoallergenic latex production. Because natural processes that occur in the plant following harvest, notably dehydration, result in rapid loss of latex and immediate processing of guayule shrub for latex on a commercial scale is not feasible, storage conditions that maintain latex concentration and yield need to be established. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different storage conditions on the extractable latex, total rubber, resin, and guayulin A and B contents, and extractable latex, total rubber, and resin yields in harvested guayule shrub. The experiment was established using plants transplanted into the field at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA, on 22 March 2001. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Two germplasm lines (11591 and AZ-2) were used for this experiment. Twenty plants of each line were harvested six times (November 2002, March 2003, July 2003, November 2003, March 2004, and July 2004) from each field plot. Two plants of each line were randomly assigned to each of 10 storage treatment combinations reflecting wet, dry, or wet alternated with dry conditions prior to chipping for latex extraction. Extractable latex content, total rubber content, resin content, and guayulin A and B contents were determined after storage and compared with freshly harvested shrub. Plant biomass, latex yield, rubber yield, and resin yield were also determined and compared with fresh harvested shrub. AZ-2 was significantly lower in latex, rubber, and guayulin A content than 11591, and significantly higher in biomass, latex yield, rubber yield, resin content, resin yield, and guayulin B content. The results from this study show that moist storage of harvested shrub prior to dry chipping allows a higher yield of latex. Storing the shrub under moist conditions may allow more flexible harvesting and processing schedules, by limiting post-harvest latex losses and increasing the time interval between harvesting and processing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coffelt, T. A.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Ray, D. T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cornish, K.] Yulex Corp, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [McMahan, C. M.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Coffelt, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM terry.coffelt@ars.usda.gov RI McMahan, Colleen/B-2205-2009; Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 FU Rural America [97-36200:FRS306180]; Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems [00-52104-9660] FX The authors thank Amy Clark, Maureen Jacobs, Marcal H. A. Jorge, Greg Leake, Melinda Main, Ghislaine Majeau, Valerie Teetor, Maren Veatch-Blohm, Stephen Vinyard, Cynthia Walker, and Elisabeth Wittenberg for technical assistance. The research was supported in part by a grant from the Fund for Rural America #97-36200:FRS306180 and a grant from the Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems #00-52104-9660. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.06.003 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 420QN UT WOS:000264304400010 ER PT J AU Chun, DTW Foulk, JA McAlister, DD AF Chun, David T. W. Foulk, Jonn A. McAlister, David D., III TI Testing for antibacterial properties of cotton/flax denim SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Antibacterial properties; Bacteriostatic properties; Flax; AATCC Test Method 100-1999 ID FABRICS; FLAX AB The 'AATCC Test Method 100-1999, Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials: Assessment of was modified by not assaying for the initial population density and only reporting the population density at the end of incubation for comparing treatments. This seemed to be a reasonable change since the assay challenges the treatments at the start with the same population inoculum density. This permitted the AATCC Test Method 100-1999 to be flexible and easier for testing materials that. may or may not actually exhibit bacteriostatic properties. A substantial savings in material and time was gained by not taking the initial population density. This change allows testing more treatments, using more replicate samples, or shortens the time to conduct the assay which can permit more assays to be conducted. However, the control treatment needs to be integral with each assay; but since this is usually done, this would be a, small inconvenience compared to the savings. The assay responded well when used to test fabric containing variable amounts of material with known antibacterial properties. The population density of the challenge bacteria decreased as the concentration of the antibacterial component of the fabric increased. The results from the use of the modified AATCC Test Method 100-1999 assay did not indicate that adding flax provided any additional bacteriostatic properties to the flax denim against the two challenge bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The long held assumption that flax is bacteriostatic or antibacterial was not supported by the results and probably does not contribute to its resistance to rotting as much as its physical or chemical composition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chun, David T. W.; Foulk, Jonn A.] USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. [McAlister, David D., III] Uster Technol Inc, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Chun, DTW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM dtwchun@mindspring.com; Jonn.Foulk@ARS.USDA.GOV; david.mcalister@uster.com NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.07.009 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 420QN UT WOS:000264304400016 ER PT J AU Hojilla-Evanyelista, MP Euangelista, RL AF Hojilla-Evanyelista, Mila P. Euangelista, Roque L. TI Functional properties of protein from Lesquerella fendleri seed and press cake from oil processing SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Lesquerella; Lesquerella protein; Functional properties; Oil processing ID RAPESEED PROTEIN; ULTRAFILTRATION; SOLUBILITY; PRODUCTS AB This investigation determined the functional properties of protein in Lesquerella fendleri seed and press cake from oil processing. L.fendleri seeds were heat-treated at 82 degrees C (180 IF) during 120 min residence time in the seed conditioner, and then screw-pressed to extract the oil. Unprocessed ground, defatted lesquerella seeds and press cakes were analyzed for proximate composition and protein functional properties. Protein from unprocessed lesquerella seed showed the greatest solubility (>= 60%) at pH 2 and 10 and was least soluble (25%) at pH 5.5-7. Unprocessed lesquerella protein also had high surface hydrophobicity index (S(o)), as well as, excellent foaming capacity and stability, emulsifying properties, and water-holding capacity (WHC) at pH 7. Protein solubility profile of the press cake showed up to 50% reduction in soluble proteins at nearly all pH levels, indicating heat denaturation during cooking and screw-pressing. Foaming capacity of the press cake protein decreased slightly, but foam stability was completely lost. Press cake protein also had markedly reduced values for S., emulsifying properties and WHC, further confirming lesquerella protein's sensitivity to heat treatment. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hojilla-Evanyelista, Mila P.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Euangelista, Roque L.] ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hojilla-Evanyelista, MP (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mila.HojillaEvangelista@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 466 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.09.003 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 420QN UT WOS:000264304400028 ER PT J AU Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Evangelista, RL AF Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P. Evangelista, Roque L. TI Effects of cooking and screw-pressing on functional properties of protein in milkweed (Asclepias spp.) seed meals and press cakes SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Milkweed; Milkweed proteins; Oil processing; Protein functionality ID ULTRAFILTRATION; EXTRACTION; OIL AB This study determined the effects of oil processing conditions on functional properties of milkweed seed proteins to evaluate their potential for value-added uses. Flaked milkweed seeds were cooked at 82 degrees C (180 degrees F) for 30, 60 or 90 min in the seed conditioner, and then screw-pressed to extract the oil. Proximate composition and protein functional properties of cooked flakes and press cakes were determined and compared with those of unprocessed ground, defatted milkweed seeds. Milkweed seed protein was most soluble at the pH range of 7-10, had excellent emulsifying properties, and produced substantial but highly unstable foams. Heat applied during seed cooking and screw-pressing did not reduce protein solubility and improved emulsifying, foaming, and water-holding capacities. Emulsifying capacity was much higher at pH 10 than at pH 7. These results showed that the protein in both the milkweed seed and its press cake from oil processing has useful functional properties that could be utilized in applications such as paint emulsifier and adhesive extender. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Evangelista, Roque L.] USDA ARS, NCAUR, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hojilla-Evangelista, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mila.HojillaEvangelista@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.12.002 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 420QN UT WOS:000264304400048 ER PT J AU Coffelt, TA Williams, CF AF Coffelt, T. A. Williams, C. F. TI Characterization and recycling of waste water from guayule latex extraction SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Parthenium argentatum; Guayule; Latex yield; Latex content; Waste water recycling; Antioxidant; Latex extraction ID NATURAL-RUBBER LATEX; PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; IGE ANTIBODIES; RESIN AB Guayule commercialization for latex production to be used in medical products and other high value applications is now a reality. Currently, wastewater following latex extraction is discharged into evaporation ponds. As commercialization reaches an increased scale, the liquid waste stream from latex extraction will become an environmental and cost issue. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the properties of the liquid waste streams after latex extraction, (2) determine if the waste liquids could be reused, and (3) determine if any of the waste liquid could be recycled for latex extraction. Waste liquid was collected from three waste stream sources (W1-W3) from the pilot latex extraction facility operated during 2006 and analyzed for nutrient content, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and pH. The SAR for W1 indicated it was acceptable for irrigation use. The high SAR values for W2 and W3 indicated they could not be used for irrigation because the high Na content would adversely affect soil properties. The N content of the waste liquid averaged about 0.2%, and the K values were between 500 and 600 ppm. The solids in W1 and the unpleasant odor characteristic of the waste liquid were overcome by lowering the pH of the waste liquid from over 10 to less than 7. Based on the SAR analyses, six treatments were developed for evaluating the potential for recycling W2 and W3 in the latex extraction process. Results showed that using the treatments comprised of the W2 and W3 waste streams recycled to the extraction process resulted in a lowered SAR of the waste liquid being discharged (26.95-10.5). Based on our results it might be possible to recover latex from the waste liquid by recycling. More importantly, none of the treatments associated with recycling reduced latex recovery. Reuse and recycling the waste liquids would reduce the amount of waste liquid discharged by 50% and the initial amount of extraction solution by 80%. In conclusion, results from this study show that (1) W1 can be used for irrigation after treatment and (2) recycling W2 and W3 for latex extraction is possible. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Coffelt, T. A.; Williams, C. F.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Coffelt, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM terry.coffelt@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 648 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.10.004 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 420QN UT WOS:000264304400054 ER PT J AU McBride, AJA Cerqueira, GM Suchard, MA Moreira, AN Zuerner, RL Reis, MG Haake, DA Ko, AI Dellagostin, OA AF McBride, Alan J. A. Cerqueira, Gustavo M. Suchard, Marc A. Moreira, Angela N. Zuerner, Richard L. Reis, Mitermayer G. Haake, David A. Ko, Albert I. Dellagostin, Odir A. TI Genetic diversity of the Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) genes in pathogenic Leptospira spp. SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Leptospirosis; Lig; Pathogenesis; Molecular evolution; Sequence analysis ID SURFACE-EXPOSED LIPOPROTEIN; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; MAMMALIAN INFECTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; BINDING PROTEIN; URBAN EPIDEMIC; HAMSTER MODEL AB Recent serologic, immunoprotection, and pathogenesis studies identified the Lig proteins as key virulence determinants in interactions of leptospiral pathogens with the mammalian host. We examined the sequence variation and recombination patterns of ligA, ligB, and ligC among 10 pathogenic strains from five Leptospira species. All strains were found to have intact ligB genes and genetic drift accounting for most of the ligB genetic diversity observed. The ligA gene was found exclusively in L. interrogans and L. kirschneri strains, and was created from ligB by a two-step partial gene duplication process. The aminoterminal domain of LigB and the LigA paralog were essentially identical (98.5 +/- 0.8% mean identity) in strains with both genes. Like ligB, ligC gene variation also followed phylogenetic patterns, suggesting an early gene duplication event. However, ligC is a pseudogene in several strains, suggesting that LigC is not essential for virulence. Two ligB genes and one ligC gene had mosaic compositions and evidence for recombination events between related Leptospira species was also found for some ligA genes. In conclusion, the results presented here indicate that Lig diversity has important ramifications for the selection of Lig polypeptides for use in diagnosis and as vaccine candidates. This sequence information will aid the identification of highly conserved regions within the Lig proteins and improve upon the performance characteristics of the Lig proteins in diagnostic assays and in subunit vaccine formulations with the potential to confer heterologous protection. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McBride, Alan J. A.; Reis, Mitermayer G.; Ko, Albert I.] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisa Goncalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Cerqueira, Gustavo M.; Moreira, Angela N.; Dellagostin, Odir A.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Ctr Biotecnol, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. [Suchard, Marc A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Suchard, Marc A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Suchard, Marc A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zuerner, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Haake, David A.] Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Haake, David A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ko, Albert I.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Dellagostin, OA (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Ctr Biotecnol, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. EM odir@ufpel.edu.br RI Dellagostin, Odir/C-2331-2009; McBride, Alan/D-4106-2012; Vacinas, Inct/J-9431-2013; Cerqueira, Gustavo/B-7180-2015; Ko, Albert/P-2343-2015 OI Dellagostin, Odir/0000-0003-2803-4088; McBride, Alan/0000-0001-9682-540X; Cerqueira, Gustavo/0000-0002-3029-6899; FU Bio-Manguinhos; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Brazilian Ministry of Health [09224-7]; Brazilian National Research Council [01.06.0298.00 3773/2005, 420067/2005, 554788/2006, 473006/2006-5]; Public Health Service [AI-34431]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 AI034431]; VA Medical Research Funds; Fogarty International Center [D43 TW00919]; National Institutes of Health; Alfred P. Sloane Research Fellowship; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship FX This work was supported by Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health (grant 09224-7), Brazilian National Research Council (grants 01.06.0298.00 3773/2005, 420067/2005, 554788/2006 and 473006/2006-5); Public Health Service grants AI-34431 (to D.A.H.) and R01 AI034431 (to A.I.K.) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the VA Medical Research Funds(to D.A.H.) and grant D43 TW00919 (to A.I.K.) from the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. M.A.S. is supported by an Alfred P. Sloane Research Fellowship and a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship. NR 67 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.10.012 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 417BL UT WOS:000264049400006 PM 19028604 ER PT J AU DeForest, JL Chen, JQ McNulty, SG AF DeForest, Jared L. Chen, Jiquan McNulty, Steve G. TI Leaf litter is an important mediator of soil respiration in an oak-dominated forest SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Litter; Oak openings; Phenology; Soil respiration; Temporal variation ID TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SEASONAL-CHANGES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BEECH FOREST; CO2 EFFLUX; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; BALANCE; Q(10) AB The contribution of the organic (O) horizon to total soil respiration is poorly understood even though it can represent a large source of uncertainty due to seasonal changes in microclimate and O horizon properties due to plant phenology. Our objectives were to partition the CO(2) effluxes of litter layer and mineral soil from total soil respiration (SR) and determine the relative importance of changing temperature and moisture mediating the fluxes. We measured respiration in an oak-dominated forest with or without the O horizon for 1 year within the Oak Openings Region of northwest Ohio. Mineral soil and O horizon respiration were subtracted from mineral soil respiration (MSR) to estimate litter respiration (LR). Measurements were grouped by oak phenology to correlate changes in plant activity with respiration. The presence of the O horizon represented a large source of seasonal variation in SR. The timing of oak phenology explained some of the large changes in both SR and LR, and their relationship with temperature and moisture. The contribution to SR of respiration from the mineral soil was greatest during pre-growth and pre-dormancy, as evident by the low LR:MSR ratios of 0.65 +/- 0.10 (mean +/- SE) and 0.69 +/- 0.03, respectively, as compared to the other phenophases. Including moisture increased our ability to predict MSR and SR during the growth phenophase and LR for every phenophase. Temperature and moisture explained 85% of the variation in MSR, but only 60% of the variation in LR. The annual contribution of O horizon to SR was 48% and the ratio of litter to soil respiration was tightly coupled over a wide range of environmental conditions. Our results suggest the presence of the O horizon is a major mediator of SR. C1 [DeForest, Jared L.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [McNulty, Steve G.] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP DeForest, JL (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Porter Hall 315, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM deforest@ohio.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; DeForest, Jared/E-5777-2011 FU US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC) FX The Southern Global Change Program of the USDA Forest Service supported this research. This research was partially supported by the US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC). Thanks to Sally Betz and Milene Benedict of LEES Lab for assistance in field sampling, and Qinglin Li and Asko Noormets for helpful discussions on the experimental design and site maintenance. We acknowledge the helpful comments made by two anonymous reviewers that improved the quality of this paper. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s00484-008-0195-y PG 8 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 407QB UT WOS:000263378300001 PM 19037664 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Evans, RG Kim, Y Iversen, WM AF Jabro, J. D. Evans, R. G. Kim, Y. Iversen, W. M. TI Estimating in situ soil-water retention and field water capacity in two contrasting soil textures SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A priori knowledge of the in situ soil field water capacity (FWC) and the soil-water retention curve for soils is important for the effective irrigation management and scheduling of many crops. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the in situ FWC using the soil-water retention curve developed from volumetric water content (theta), and water potential (psi) data collected in the field by means of soil moisture sensors in two contrasting-textured soils. The two study soils were Lihen sandy loam and Savage clay loam. Six metal frames 117 cm x 117 cm x 30 cm high were inserted into the soil to a depth of 5-10 cm at approximately 40 m intervals on a 200 m transect. Two Time Domain Reflectrometry (TDR) sensors were installed in the center of the frame and two Watermark (WM) sensors were installed in the SW corner at 15 and 30 cm depths to continuously monitor soil theta and psi, respectively. A neutron probe (NP) access tube was installed in the NE corner of each frame to measure soil theta used for TDR calibration. The upper 50-60 cm of soil inside each frame was saturated with intermittent application of approximately 18-20 cm of water. Frames were then covered with plastic tarps. The Campbell and Gardner equations best fit the soil-water retention curves for sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively. Based on the relationship between soil psi and elapsed time following cessation of infiltration, we calculated that the field capacity time (t (FWC)) were reached at approximately 50 and 450 h, respectively, for sandy loam and clay loam soils. Soil-water retention curves showed that theta values at FWC (theta (FWC)) were approximately 0.228 and 0.344 m(3) m(-3), respectively, for sandy loam and clay loam soils. The estimated theta (FWC) values were within the range of the measured theta (FWC) values from the NP and gravimetric methods. The TDR and WM sensors provided accurate in situ soil-water retention data from simultaneous soil theta and psi measurements that can be used in soil-water processes, irrigation scheduling, modeling and chemical transport. C1 [Jabro, J. D.; Evans, R. G.; Kim, Y.; Iversen, W. M.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s00271-008-0137-9 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 411TI UT WOS:000263673100006 ER PT J AU Negis, Y Zingg, JM Meydani, M Azzi, A AF Negis, Yesim Zingg, Jean-Marc Meydani, Mohsen Azzi, Angelo TI MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACTION SO IUBMB LIFE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Negis, Yesim; Zingg, Jean-Marc; Meydani, Mohsen; Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1521-6543 J9 IUBMB LIFE JI IUBMB Life PD MAR PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 282 EP 282 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 417PV UT WOS:000264089500017 ER PT J AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, Mohsen TI NUTRITION, ANGIOGENESIS AND CANCER SO IUBMB LIFE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1521-6543 J9 IUBMB LIFE JI IUBMB Life PD MAR PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 417PV UT WOS:000264089500034 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA AF Waterland, Robert A. TI TRANSGENERATIONAL MALE GERMLINE RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Congress of Andrology CY MAR 07-10, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Int Soc Androl C1 [Waterland, Robert A.] USDA, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] USDA, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 30 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 414FO UT WOS:000263849500051 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Johnson, RK Newman, S Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD AF Chen, C. Y. Johnson, R. K. Newman, S. Kachman, S. D. Van Vleck, L. D. TI Effects of social interactions on empirical responses to selection for average daily gain of boars SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE response to selection; social interaction; swine ID VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; COMPETITION; PIGS AB Effects of social interactions on responses to selection for ADG were examined with records of 9,720 boars from dam lines (1 and 2) and sire lines (3 and 4) provided by Pig Improvement Company. Each line was analyzed separately. Pens contained 15 boars. Average daily gains were measured from about 71 to 161 d of age and BW from 31 to 120 kg. Models included fixed effects of contemporary groups and initial test age as a covariate and random direct genetic (a), social genetic (c), social environmental (ce), and litter (lt) effects. Estimates of direct heritability with model 1 (the full model with a, c, ce, and lt) were 0.21, 0.28, 0.13, and 0.15 for lines 1 to 4. Estimates of heritability of social effects were near zero. Estimates of total heritable variance were 55, 52, 38, and 96% of phenotypic variance for lines 1 through 4. Empirical responses to selection with model 1 were calculated using the parameter estimates from model 1. For response of 1 genetic SD for both components (a and c), the proportions of expected total gain due to social effects (with economic weights of 1 and pen size- 1 = 14) were 54, 28, 65, and 65% for the 4 lines. Genetic superiorities of the top 10% of boars were calculated for boars ranked using reduced models, but with EBV calculated using the full model (model 1). Average total breeding values (ETBV = EBV(a)+ 14EBV(c)) for the top 10% of boars selected with model 1 were 74.08, 94.26, 31.79, and 92.88 g for lines 1 through 4, respectively. For rankings based on model 2 (a, ce, and lt), but EBV calculated with model 1, average total breeding values for the top 10% were 68.15, 94.03, 7.33, and 84.72 g with empirical correlated responses for genetic social effects from selection for direct effects of 0.93, 1.89, -2.19, and 3.52 g for lines 1 to 4. C1 [Van Vleck, L. D.] ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chen, C. Y.; Johnson, R. K.; Van Vleck, L. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kachman, S. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Newman, S.] Genus PIC NA, Hendersonville, TN 37075 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu OI Kachman, Stephen/0000-0003-0506-513X NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87 IS 3 BP 844 EP 849 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0937 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410DY UT WOS:000263558600003 PM 18997079 ER PT J AU Silverstein, JT Vallejo, RL Palti, Y Leeds, TD Rexroad, CE Welch, TJ Wiens, GD Ducrocq, V AF Silverstein, J. T. Vallejo, R. L. Palti, Y. Leeds, T. D. Rexroad, C. E., III Welch, T. J. Wiens, G. D. Ducrocq, V. TI Rainbow trout resistance to bacterial cold-water disease is moderately heritable and is not adversely correlated with growth SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE challenge test; disease resistance; genetic correlation; growth; heritability; rainbow trout ID PENAEUS LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI; FLAVOBACTERIUM-PSYCHROPHILUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENETIC (CO)VARIATION; FISH; SURVIVAL; MODELS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMPROVEMENT; CHALLENGE AB The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritabilities for and genetic correlations among resistance to bacterial cold-water disease and growth traits in a population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bacterial cold-water disease, a chronic disease of rainbow trout, is caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum. This bacterium also causes acute losses in young fish, known as rainbow trout fry syndrome. Selective breeding for increased disease resistance is a promising strategy that has not been widely used in aquaculture. At the same time, improving growth performance is critical for efficient production. At the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, reducing the negative impact of diseases on rainbow trout culture and improving growth performance are primary objectives. In 2005, when fish averaged 2.4 g, 71 full-sib families were challenged with F. psychrophilum and evaluated for 21 d. Overall survival was 29.3% and family rates of survival varied from 1.5 to 72.5%. Heritability of postchallenge survival, an indicator of disease resistance, was estimated to be 0.35 +/- 0.09. Body weights at 9 and 12 mo posthatch and growth rate from 9 to 12 mo were evaluated on siblings of the fish in the disease challenge study. Growth traits were moderately heritable, from 0.32 for growth rate to 0.61 for 12-mo BW. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth traits and resistance to bacterial cold-water disease were not different from zero. These results suggest that genetic improvement can be made simultaneously for growth and bacterial cold-water disease resistance in rainbow trout by using selective breeding. C1 [Silverstein, J. T.; Vallejo, R. L.; Palti, Y.; Leeds, T. D.; Rexroad, C. E., III; Welch, T. J.; Wiens, G. D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ducrocq, V.] Inst Natl Rech Agron, UR337, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Yniv.Palti@ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87 IS 3 BP 860 EP 867 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1157 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410DY UT WOS:000263558600005 PM 19028851 ER PT J AU Mateo, RD Carroll, JA Hyun, Y Smith, S Kim, SW AF Mateo, R. D. Carroll, J. A. Hyun, Y. Smith, S. Kim, S. W. TI Effect of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids and elevated concentrations of dietary protein on the performance of sows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gestation; lactation; n-3 fatty acid; protein; sow ID PIGLET TISSUE COMPOSITION; FISH-OIL SUPPLEMENTATION; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; FEEDING TUNA OIL; 1ST YEAR GROWTH; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; PRIMIPAROUS SOWS; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; PRETERM INFANTS; LACTATING SOWS AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids (O3FA) with or without elevated concentrations of protein on the performance of sows during the first and the subsequent parity. Sixty-four pregnant gilts with BW of 195.0 +/- 2.1 kg and backfat (BF) thickness of 12.9 +/- 0.2 mm were assigned to 4 dietary treatments from d 60 of gestation (late gestation) to d 21 of lactation. Dietary treatments were 1) a control diet; 2) a high-protein diet (HP); 3) the control diet + 0.2% O3FA (O3); and 4) the HP diet + 0.2% O3FA (HPO3). For the control and O3 treatments, CP contents were 12.3% for late gestation and 17.9% for lactation, and for the HP and HPO3 treatments, CP contents were 18.4% for late gestation and 19.5% for lactation. On d 60 and 110 of gestation and after farrowing (within 12 h postfarrowing), on d 10 and 21 of lactation, BW, BF thickness, and blood samples were obtained. The total number of piglets and the number of piglets born alive and their birth weights were measured within 12 h postfarrowing. Colostrum and milk samples were obtained on d 2 and 21 of lactation, respectively. All piglets were weaned at 21 d. The wean-to-estrus interval and ADFI were recorded. The same measurements were obtained from the control and O3 groups during the subsequent parity. Dietary treatment did not affect BW, BF thickness, ADFI, and the wean- to- estrus interval of sows during their first reproductive cycle. Supplementation of O3FA increased both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents ( P < 0.05) in colostrum and mature milk. First-parity litter size and piglet birth weight did not differ among treatment groups. Piglet BW was greater (P < 0.05) for the O3 group compared with both the control and HPO3 groups at d 10 and 21 of lactation. The same pattern was also noted for overall piglet BW gain. Both piglet and litter characteristics of the HP group did not differ from those of other groups throughout lactation. During the subsequent parity, both total and live piglet birth weights tended (P < 0.07) to be greater for the O3 group than for the control group. Compared with the control group, piglet BW and BW gain in the O3 group showed a pattern similar to the previous parity. Results indicated that O3FA alone during lactation improved the growth of nursing piglets, regardless of parity. However, the O3FA diet, with or without elevated protein, did not affect first-parity gestation performance, although O3FA alone may have improved piglet birth weight in the subsequent litter. C1 [Mateo, R. D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] USDA ARS Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Hyun, Y.] Dodram B&F, Seoul 135080, South Korea. [Smith, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kim, S. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. EM sungwoo_kim@ncsu.edu NR 67 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87 IS 3 BP 948 EP 959 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0964 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410DY UT WOS:000263558600014 PM 19098239 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, JT Cole, NA McBride, KW Gueye, A Galyean, ML Richardson, CR Greene, LW AF Vasconcelos, J. T. Cole, N. A. McBride, K. W. Gueye, A. Galyean, M. L. Richardson, C. R. Greene, L. W. TI Effects of dietary crude protein and supplemental urea levels on nitrogen and phosphorus utilization by feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; crude protein; feedlot; nitrogen; phosphorus; urea ID FINISHING BEEF STEERS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; MANURE NITROGEN; PERFORMANCE; HOLSTEIN; COWS; DIGESTIBILITY; DEGRADABILITY AB Three dietary CP concentrations (11.5, 13.0, and 14.5% of DM) and 3 supplemental urea levels (100, 50, and 0% of supplemental N) were used in a completely randomized block design experiment conducted at 2 locations to determine N and P balance and serum urea N (SUN) concentrations of feedlot cattle. Crossbred steers [British and British x Continental; initial BW = 315.0 +/- 3.2 kg at location 1 (n = 27) and initial BW = 353.2 +/- 8.4 kg at location 2 (n = 27)] were used in 3 nutrient balance sampling periods (SP) at the beginning, middle, and end of the feeding period (154 d in location 1 and 159 d in location 2). Fecal N (g/d; P = 0.03), urinary N (g/d; P < 0.01), urinary urea N (UUN; g/d; P < 0.01), apparent N absorption (g/d; P < 0.01), and SUN concentration (mg/dL; P < 0.01) increased linearly as dietary CP concentration increased. Nitrogen retention (g/d) was not affected (P = 0.61) by dietary CP concentration. Phosphorus intake (g/d; P = 0.02), fecal P (g/d; P = 0.04), and urinary P (g/d; P = 0.01) increased linearly as dietary CP increased, reflecting changes in diet composition with increasing CP concentrations. As dietary urea levels increased, urinary N (g/d; P = 0.04), UUN (g/d; P = 0.01), and apparent N absorption (g/d; P = 0.04) increased linearly, but P intake (g/d; P = 0.10) and urinary P (g/d; P = 0.02) decreased linearly. No interactions were observed between SP and dietary treatments for most variables. Evaluation of SP means, however, showed that as days on feed increased, fecal N (g/d; P = 0.01), urinary N (g/d; P < 0.01), UUN (g/d; P < 0.01), apparent absorption of N (g/d; P < 0.01), SUN (mg/dL; P < 0.01), and urinary P (g/d; P < 0.01) increased linearly, whereas retained N (g/d) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing days on feed. These data suggest that changes in dietary CP and urea levels, as well as stage of the feeding period, markedly alter N and P utilization by feedlot cattle. C1 [Vasconcelos, J. T.; McBride, K. W.; Gueye, A.; Galyean, M. L.; Richardson, C. R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Vasconcelos, J. T.; McBride, K. W.; Greene, L. W.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Amarillo, TX 79016 USA. [Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Vasconcelos, JT (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE USA. EM jvasconcelos2@unl.edu FU USDA-ARS, Texas Tech Univ.; Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. FX This experiment was supported, in part, by a cooperative agreement between the USDA-ARS, Texas Tech Univ., and the Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87 IS 3 BP 1174 EP 1183 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1411 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410DY UT WOS:000263558600038 PM 19028866 ER PT J AU Looper, ML Rorie, RW Person, CN Lester, TD Hallford, DM Aiken, GE Roberts, CA Rottinghaus, GE Rosenkrans, CF AF Looper, M. L. Rorie, R. W. Person, C. N. Lester, T. D. Hallford, D. M. Aiken, G. E. Roberts, C. A. Rottinghaus, G. E. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Influence of toxic endophyte-infected fescue on sperm characteristics and endocrine factors of yearling Brahman-influenced bulls SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bull; fescue; integrated visual optical system; sperm ID TALL FESCUE; BEEF BULLS; GROWTH-RATE; STEERS; PERFORMANCE; ERGOTAMINE; ERGONOVINE; FERTILITY; RESPONSES; CATTLE AB Sixteen (mean age = 1.1 +/- 0.1 yr; mean BW = 478 +/- 34 kg) Brahman-influenced bulls were used to determine the influence of fescue type on sperm characteristics and serum concentrations of prolactin, cortisol, and testosterone. Bulls were blocked by BW, scrotal circumference (SC), and pregrazing sperm characteristics and randomly assigned to graze toxic endophyte-infected (EI; 4 bulls/pasture; 2 pastures) or novel endophyte-infected (NE; 4 bulls/pasture; 2 pastures) tall fescue for 121 d. Semen was collected by electroejaculation, and SC was measured and blood samples collected monthly. Sperm were evaluated for motility and morphology with an integrated visual optical system. Overall mean concentration of prolactin was decreased more (P < 0.01) in EI bulls than NE bulls from May to August. Scrotal circumference was not affected by fescue type (P = 0.58); overall SC averaged 36.7 +/- 2.3 cm. Percentage of live sperm was not different (P = 0.24) between NE bulls (80%) than EI bulls (67%) in July and August. Bulls grazing NE fescue had more (P < 0.06) motile sperm than EI bulls in July and August. Percentages of progressive (57 vs. 38%, NE and EI, respectively; P < 0.06) and rapid (67 vs. 46%, NE and EI, respectively; P = 0.04) sperm were greater from bulls grazing NE than EI bulls in July and August. Average velocity of the smoothed sperm path and progressive velocity in a straight line from the beginning to the end of the sperm track were slower (P < 0.09) in EI bulls than NE bulls and were slower (P = 0.04) in August compared with July. Mean width of head oscillation as the sperm swims was less (P < 0.06) in August than July. Concentrations of cortisol and testosterone were not (P > 0.10) influenced by fescue type. Semen from bulls grazing EI had reduced motility and morphology than bulls grazing NE. Detrimental effects of toxic fescue may not be mediated by cortisol, testosterone, or both. Semen quality of bulls grazing toxic EI tall fescue was decreased with increased maximum ambient temperatures. C1 [Looper, M. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Rorie, R. W.; Person, C. N.; Lester, T. D.; Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hallford, D. M.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Aiken, G. E.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Rottinghaus, G. E.] Univ Missouri, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Roberts, C. A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM mike.looper@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [58-6227-8-040] FX This study was supported in part by USDA-ARS cooperative agreement 58-6227-8-040. The authors gratefully acknowledge S. Tabler, B. Woolley, and L. Huddleston, USDA-ARS, for technical assistance and daily animal management; and D. Burner, USDA-ARS, for ambient temperature measurements. Appreciation is expressed to A. F. Parlow (National Hormone and Peptide Program) for supplying materials used in the prolactin RIA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87 IS 3 BP 1184 EP 1191 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1258 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410DY UT WOS:000263558600039 PM 18997075 ER PT J AU Chen, P AF Chen, Pei TI Application of Analytical Chemistry to Botanicals and Dietary Supplements SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Method Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Method Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 622 EP 623 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 434YB UT WOS:000265309100032 PM 19485223 ER PT J AU Chen, P Song, FH Lin, LZ AF Chen, Pei Song, Fenhong Lin, Long-ze TI Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Pycnogenol (R) Dietary Supplements SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EXTRACT; BARK; RICH AB The bark of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) has been widely used as a remedy for various degenerative diseases. A standard high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure for Pycnogenol (R) analysis is a method specified in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) monograph, which requires measurement of peak areas and identification of four components of the extract: caffeic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, and taxifolin. In this study, a fingerprint analysis using an HPLC method based on the USP monograph has been developed to provide additional qualitative information for the analysis of Pycnogenol-containing dietary supplements (PDS). Twelve commercially available PDS samples were purchased and analyzed along with a standard Pycnogenol extract. Their chromatographic fingerprints were analyzed using principal component analysis. The results showed that two of the samples were not consistent with the standard reference Pycnogenol extract. One contained other active ingredients in addition to Pycnogenol, and the other may have resulted from a quality control issue in manufacturing. C1 [Chen, Pei; Song, Fenhong; Lin, Long-ze] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Method Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Method Dev Lab, 161 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service; Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service and the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health under an Interagency Agreement. PERS was kindly provided by Horphag Research Ltd. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 624 EP 632 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 434YB UT WOS:000265309100033 PM 19485224 ER PT J AU Chen, P Atkinson, R Wolf, WR AF Chen, Pei Atkinson, Renata Wolf, Wayne R. TI Single-Laboratory Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic-Diode Array Detector-Fluorescence Detector/Mass Spectrometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Multivitamin Dietary Tablets SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; SUPPLEMENTS AB The purpose of this study was to develop a single-laboratory validated (SLV) method using high-performance liquid chromatography with different detectors [diode array detector (DAD); fluorescence detector (FLD); and mass spectrometry (MS)] for determination of 7 B-complex vitamins (B(1)-thiamin, B(2)-riboflavin, B(3)-nicotinamide, B(6)-pyridoxine, B(9)-folic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin) and vitamin C in multivitamin/multimineral dietary supplements. The method involves the use of a reversed-phase octadecylsilyl column (4 mu m, 250 x 2.0 mm id) and a gradient mobile phase profile. Gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. After a 5 min isocratic elution at 100% A (0.1% formic acid in water), a linear gradient to 50% A and 50% B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) at 15 min was employed. Detection was performed with a DAD as well as either an FLD or a triple-quadrupole MS detector in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. SLV was performed using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3280 Multivitamin/Multimineral Tablets, being developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, with support by the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. Phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 2.0) extracts of the NIST SRM 3280 were analyzed by the liquid chromatographic (LC)-DAD-FLD/MS method. Following extraction, the method does not require any sample cleanup/preconcentration steps except centrifugation and filtration. C1 [Chen, Pei; Atkinson, Renata; Wolf, Wayne R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture/ARS; ODS/NIH under an Interagency Agreement FX This research was supported by United States Department of Agriculture/ARS and the ODS/NIH under an Interagency Agreement. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 680 EP 687 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 434YB UT WOS:000265309100039 PM 19485230 ER PT J AU Lord, JC AF Lord, J. C. TI Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana for control of Tribolium castaneum with reduced oxygen and increased carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Tribolium castaneum; carbon dioxide; flour beetle; hypoxia; stored products ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES; LABORATORY SELECTION; HERBST; TENEBRIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; RESISTANCE; MORTALITY; INSECT; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB This study investigated the effect of atmosphere modification, a widely adopted means of insect control in stored products, on the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana for one of the most difficult to control pests, Tribolium castaneum. Oxygen reduction to 5% (+/- 1%) as opposed to CO(2) elevation to 40% (+/- 2%) for the first 72 h of fungus exposure resulted in significantly greater larval mortality than fungus exposure under ambient atmospheres. Both treatments reduced pupation of older larvae suggesting that slowed development may be a beneficial factor for fungal efficacy. CO(2) elevation but not O(2) reduction significantly affected the mortality of adult beetles that were exposed to the fungus. Carbon dioxide elevation significantly reduced B. bassiana's germination and growth rates, but oxygen reduction did not. C1 USDA ARA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), USDA ARA, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM jeff.lord@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 133 IS 2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01322.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 408VV UT WOS:000263464300004 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR Dabney, CP Borys, RR Huber, DPW AF Fettig, C. J. McKelvey, S. R. Dabney, C. P. Borys, R. R. Huber, D. P. W. TI Response of Dendroctonus brevicomis to different release rates of nonhost angiosperm volatiles and verbenone in trapping and tree protection studies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; antiaggregation pheromone; nonhost volatiles; pest management; tree protection ID WESTERN PINE-BEETLE; ATTRACTANT-BAITED TRAPS; BARK BEETLE; INHIBITORS VERBENONE; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; VALENS COLEOPTERA; DIVERSE HABITATS; HOST KAIROMONES; FIELD RESPONSE AB A blend of eight nonhost angiosperm volatiles (benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, guaiacol, nonanal, salicylaldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol) without [NAV] and with [NAVV] (-)-verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) were tested at low (L), medium (M) and high (H) release rates for their ability to reduce attraction of western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, to attractant-baited (exo-brevicomin [racemic, 3 mg/d], frontalin [racemic, 3 mg/d] and myrcene [18 mg/d]) multiple funnel traps. NAV-L (40 mg/d) had no significant effect. Verbenone alone (50 mg/d) and NAV-M (240 mg/d) both significantly reduced attraction, but no significant difference was observed between the two treatment means. NAV-H (430 mg/d) significantly reduced catches by similar to 60% and 78% compared to verbenone alone and the baited control, respectively. In a second experiment, combining (-)-verbenone with NAV (NAVV) increased the effects observed in Experiment 1. NAVV-M (240 mg/d) resulted in an similar to 69% and 83% reduction in trap catch compared to verbenone alone and the baited control, respectively. Significantly fewer D. brevicomis were captured in NAVV-H (430 mg/d) than any other treatment resulting in an similar to 93% reduction in trap catch compared to the baited control. In a third experiment, NAVV was tested at three release rates for its ability to protect individual ponderosa pines, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., from attack by D. brevicomis. Cumulative release rates varied in direct proportion to tree diameter, but represented quarter, half and full NAVV rates. NAVV significantly reduced the density of D. brevicomis attacks, D. brevicomis successful attacks, and levels of tree mortality on attractant-baited trees. Only three of 15 NAVV-treated trees died from D. brevicomis attack while similar to 93% mortality (14/15) was observed in the untreated, baited control. Quarter and half rates were ineffective for reducing tree mortality. C1 [Fettig, C. J.; McKelvey, S. R.; Dabney, C. P.; Borys, R. R.] USDA Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Huber, D. P. W.] Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Program, Prince George, BC, Canada. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 FU USDA Western Bark Beetle Initiative grant [2005-3]; U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; Pacific Southwest Research Station; The University of Northern British Columbia; B.T. Sullivan (Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service) FX We thank D.R. Cluck (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service) for technical assistance, and S.L. Smith (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service) and A. Vasquez (Lassen National Forest, USDA Forest Service) for locating the individual tree protection study site. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their critiques, which improved an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported, in part, by a USDA Western Bark Beetle Initiative grant (2005-3) to C.J.F., D.P.W.H., B.T. Sullivan (Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service) and S.L.S., a U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers to C.J.F., the Pacific Southwest Research Station, and The University of Northern British Columbia. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 EI 1439-0418 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 133 IS 2 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01317.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 408VV UT WOS:000263464300009 ER PT J AU Huang, CJ Lin, YL Kaplan, ML Charney, JJ AF Huang, Chenjie Lin, Y. -L. Kaplan, M. L. Charney, J. J. TI Synoptic-Scale and Mesoscale Environments Conducive to Forest Fires during the October 2003 Extreme Fire Event in Southern California SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOWNSLOPE WINDS AB This study has employed both observational data and numerical simulation results to diagnose the synoptic-scale and mesoscale environments conducive to forest fires during the October 2003 extreme fire event in southern California. A three-stage process is proposed to illustrate the coupling of the synoptic-scale forcing that is evident from the observations, specifically the high pressure ridge and the upper-level jet streak, which leads to meso-alpha-scale subsidence in its exit region, and the mesoscale forcing that is simulated by the numerical model, specifically the wave breaking and turbulence as well as the wave-induced critical level, which leads to severe downslope (Santa Ana) winds. Two surges of dry air were found to reach the surface in southern California as revealed in the numerical simulation. The first dry air surge arrived as a result of moisture divergence and isallobaric adjustments behind a surface cold front. The second dry air surge reached southern California as the meso-alpha-to meso-beta-scale subsidence and the wave-induced critical level over the coastal ranges phased to transport the dry air from the upper-level jet streak exit region toward the surface and mix the dry air down to the planetary boundary layer on the lee side of the coastal ranges in southern California. The wave-breaking region on the lee side acted as an internal boundary to reflect the mountain wave energy back to the ground and created severe downslope winds through partial resonance with the upward-propagating mountain waves. C1 [Huang, Chenjie] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Lin, Y. -L.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC USA. [Kaplan, M. L.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Charney, J. J.] US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Huang, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, CPC, 1651 Old Meadow Rd, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM chenjie.huang@noaa.gov FU USDA Forest Service [02-JV-112313000-051] FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service under Cooperative Agreement 02-JV-112313000-051. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 553 EP 579 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1818.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 429SH UT WOS:000264939900008 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Bailey, JS AF Berrang, M. E. Bailey, J. S. TI On-line brush and spray washers to lower numbers of Campylobacter and Escherichia coli and presence of Salmonella on broiler carcasses during processing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler processing; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; spray wash; brush wash ID CHICKEN CARCASSES; POULTRY SLAUGHTER; CONTAMINATION; JEJUNI; TYPHIMURIUM; REDUCTION; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; PLANTS; WATER AB It is unclear how effective different types of broiler carcass wash steps are in lowering the presence or numbers of pathogenic bacteria. We tested for individual and combined effectiveness of 5 separate on-line wash steps applied between bleed-out and chilling in a commercial broiler processing plant. Carcasses were sampled directly before and after each wash step: pre-scald brush washer, post-feather pick (New York dressed) spray washer, inside/outside spray washer, postevisceration brush washer, and final prechill spray washer. Carcasses were examined for numbers of Campylobacter and Escherichia coli and presence of Salmonella using standard cultural methods. Overall, numbers of Campylobacter were lowered from log 2.58 to 1.15 cfu/mL of carcass rinse, but no single wash step caused a significant decrease. Overall, Salmonella prevalence was decreased from 80 to 24%; however, no wash step caused a significant decrease by itself. The 5 wash steps in series lowered E. coli numbers from log 4.60 to 2.69 cfu/mL; the New York-dressed spray wash and the postevisceration brush washer each had a significant effect on E. coli. When examined separately, the benefit of broiler carcass wash steps may not be evident. However, when combined with overall processing, wash steps can be effective to lessen bacterial contamination on carcasses and be useful for pathogen control. Additional studies are necessary to maximize the effectiveness of carcass washers. C1 [Berrang, M. E.; Bailey, J. S.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00067 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 447TW UT WOS:000266215700010 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Kidd, MT Dozier, WA Kerr, BJ AF Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Dozier, W. A., III Kerr, B. J. TI Dietary glycine and threonine interactive effects in broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE threonine; glycine; broiler ID SERINE REQUIREMENT; CHICKS; ACID; METABOLISM; INTERRELATIONSHIP; PRECURSORS; PROTEIN AB Little information is available regarding the interaction of dietary Thr and Gly on the potential metabolic sparing effects, live production, or breast meat yield of broilers. To test these potential interactions, 432 one-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were fed a common diet up to 21 d of age, and then fed 1 of 6 experimental diets. A factorial arrangement of treatments consisted of 3 dietary levels of standardized digestible Thr (0.57, 0.61, and 0.65%) in combination with 2 levels of total Gly + Ser (1.55 and 1.65%). Experimental diets were fed from 21 to 42 d of age, with live performance, carcass traits, and free blood plasma levels of Gly, Ser, and Thr serving as evaluation criteria. Interactions (P <= 0.05) were observed for BW gain, feed consumption, carcass and breast meat weight, and carcass yield, all showing improvements with increasing dietary Thr in combination with low dietary Gly + Ser treatments. Circulating plasma Gly, Ser, and Thr were affected by their respective dietary status. C1 [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station [MIS-322220] FX This is journal article number J11306 from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station supported by MIS-322220. Use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station or USDA of the products, nor similar ones not mentioned. The authors would like to thank Ajinomoto Heartland for the analysis of the experimental diets. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00078 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 447TW UT WOS:000266215700011 ER PT J AU Roush, WB Purswell, J Branton, SL AF Roush, W. B. Purswell, J. Branton, S. L. TI Microsoft Excel sensitivity analysis for linear and stochastic program feed formulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE linear; stochastic; sensitivity analysis ID SPREADSHEET AB Sensitivity analysis is a part of mathematical programming solutions and is used in making nutritional and economic decisions for a given feed formulation problem. The terms shadow price and reduced cost are familiar linear program (LP) terms to feed formulators. Because of the nonlinear nature of stochastic programming (SP), different methods and terminology are used to define shadow prices and reduced costs. The Lagrange multiplier is used instead of shadow price to describe marginal value of nutrients. Reduced gradient is used instead of reduced cost to describe the price at which ingredients not used in the formulation would be included in the solution. A spreadsheet feed problem was set up with 11 ingredients and 11 constraints. The LP and SP solutions were determined using the Excel Solver algorithm. Two problems compared LP and SP solutions at 50 and 69% probabilities for the protein constraint. All other constraints were held at a 50% probability. Results for the 50% probability comparison showed that the feed formulations, as expected, were the same for both LP and SP. Wheat was not included in the solution. The LP reduced cost and the SP reduced gradient for unused wheat were equivalent. The LP shadow prices and the SP Lagrange multipliers were equivalent. Results for the 69% probability problem showed a difference in the formulated rations. The LP reduced cost was $34.25 and the SP reduced cost was $34.52, showing the respective amounts that the cost of wheat would have to be reduced to be included in the solution. The shadow price and the Lagrange multiplier were $2.73 and $2.71, respectively, for the amount of increase in diet cost that could be expected by a unit of change in the protein requirement. Some differences in precision were noted with the results. A caveat is that, because of nonlinearity, sensitivity analysis for SP is valid only for the single point of the optimal solution. C1 [Roush, W. B.; Purswell, J.; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. RP Roush, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM bill.roush@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00102 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 447TW UT WOS:000266215700012 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Klasing, K AF Kogut, M. H. Klasing, K. TI An immunologist's perspective on nutrition, immunity, and infectious diseases: Introduction and overview SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article CT 97th Annual Meeting of the Poultry-Science-Association CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE nutrition; avian immunity; infectious disease; nutrigenomics ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; INNATE IMMUNITY; CHICKEN HETEROPHILS; OXIDATIVE BURST; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; AVIAN HETEROPHILS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; NITRIC-OXIDE AB The immune system is a multifaceted arrangement of membranes (skin, epithelial, and mucus), cells, and molecules whose function is to eradicate invading pathogens or cancer cells from a host. Working together, the various components of the immune system perform a balancing act of being lethal enough to kill pathogens or cancer cells yet specific so as not to cause extensive damage to "self" tissues of the host. A functional immune system is a requirement of a healthy life in modern animal production. yet infectious diseases still represent a serious drain on the economics (reduced production, cost of therapeutics, and vaccines) and welfare of animal agriculture. The interaction involving nutrition and immunity and how the host deals with infectious agents is a strategic determinant in animal health. Almost all nutrients in the diet play a fundamental role in sustaining an optimal immune response, such that deficient and excessive intakes can have negative consequences on immune status and susceptibility to a variety of pathogens. Dietary components can regulate physiological functions of the body; interacting with the immune response is one of the most important functions of nutrients. The pertinent question to be asked and answered in the current era of poultry production is whether the level of nutrients that maximizes production in commercial diets is sufficient to maintain competence of immune status and disease resistance. This question, and how to answer it, is the basis of this overview. Clearly, a better understanding of the interactions between the immune signaling pathways and productivity signaling could provide the basis for the formulation of diets that optimize disease resistance. By understanding the mechanisms of nutritional effects on the immune system, we can study the specific interactions that occur between diet and infections. This mechanism-based framework allows for experiments to be interpreted based on immune function during an infection. Thus, these experiments would provide a "real world" assessment of nutritional modulation of immune protection separating immune changes that have little impact on resistance from those that are truly important. Therefore, a coordinated account of the temporal changes in metabolism and associated gene expression and production of downstream immune molecules during an immune response and how nutrition changes these responses should be the focus of future studies. These studies could be answered using new "-eomics" technologies to describe both the local immune environments and the host-pathogen interface. C1 [Kogut, M. H.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Klasing, K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Avian Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mike.kogut@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00080 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 447TW UT WOS:000266215700014 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH AF Kogut, M. H. TI Impact of nutrition on the innate immune response to infection in poultry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article CT 97th Annual Meeting of the Poultry-Science-Association CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE innate immunity; nutrition; poultry; immune function ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; AVIAN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; FED ALFALFA CRUMBLES; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; LAYING HENS; ORGAN INVASION; IN-VIVO; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITIES; ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION AB Viral and bacterial diseases remain a threat to the poultry industry and countermeasures to prevent and control them are needed due to production losses. With the continued threat of exotic and emerging diseases and concern over the use of antibiotics in animal production, there is a serious and urgent need to find safe and practical alternatives to prevent or control pathogens. Identification of new tools for the design of new immunological interventions or therapeutic antimicrobials to reduce microbial pathogens in poultry is now required more than ever. Immunological interventions to reduce microbial pathogens in poultry would be of great value to the poultry industry and to the consumer. We have been advocating boosting immunity and encouraging the host to utilize its innate immune system to control and clear infections. Our research has addressed the use of innate immune mechanisms and components to develop new immune modulators ( prophylactic and therapeutic) and the characterization and production of antimicrobial peptides as potential immune modulators in poultry. Dietary bioactive food components that interact with the immune response have considerable potential to reduce susceptibility to infectious diseases. With this premise, this paper asks and answers a series of pertinent questions on the utilization of avian immunity for increasing resistance to a variety of potential pathogens problematic in today's commercial poultry industry. Using experimental data to provide answers to these questions, we hope to stimulate a dialog between avian immunologists and nutritionists that results in coordinating and integrating their expertise into specific practical solutions that will benefit the industry and improve the well-being of commercial poultry. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mike.kogut@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00081 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 447TW UT WOS:000266215700015 ER PT J AU Elibol-Flemming, B Waldbieser, GC Wolters, WR Boyle, CR Hanson, LA AF Elibol-Flemming, Banu Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Wolters, William R. Boyle, Carolyn R. Hanson, Larry A. TI Expression Analysis of Selected Immune-Relevant Genes in Channel Catfish during Edwardsiella ictaluri Infection SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; AMYLOID-P-COMPONENT; SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS-COLI; NITRIC-OXIDE RESPONSE; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSFERRIN GENE; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were intraperitoneally challenged with the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri (the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish), and the expression of genes presumed to function in the inducible innate defense was evaluated. End-binding protein 1 (EB1), beta 1-integrin, natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), serum amyloid P (SAP), and transferrin gene expression profiles were determined using quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on liver, anterior kidney, spleen, and gut. Fish were subsampled at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after bacterial or phosphate-buffered-saline injection. Posterior kidney sampling demonstrated increasing bacterial counts at 24-48 h postinjection (hpi), followed by a plateau to 96 hpi. The transferrin and SAP transcripts were liver specific. The other genes were expressed in all four tissues. In bacterially infected fish, expression of EB1 (anterior kidney, spleen, and liver), Hsp70 (anterior kidney and spleen), and Nramp (spleen and gut) significantly increased by 48 hpi. Transferrin was strongly up-regulated and SAP was down-regulated by 72 hpi, indicating positive and negative acute-phase reactants, respectively. The data indicate a substantial response of innate immunity effector cells by 48 hpi, followed by suppression of bacterial growth and induction of the acute-phase response. This suggests that the 48-72-hpi time frame is critical in our model for evaluating the effectiveness of innate defenses. C1 [Elibol-Flemming, Banu; Boyle, Carolyn R.; Hanson, Larry A.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wolters, William R.] Univ Maine, USDA, ARS, Natl Coldwater Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Hanson, LA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hanson@cvm.msstate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Sservice, Catfish Genetics Research Unit, Stoneville, Mississippi; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES); College of Veterinary Medicine; Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Mississippi State University FX We thank Ana Arnizaut, Terrence Greenway, and Beth Peterman for their extensive help with experimental challenges and sampling. We also thank Tevfik Dorak and Bas Baaten for their advice on real-time PCR. This research project was partially funded by a specific cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Sservice, Catfish Genetics Research Unit, Stoneville, Mississippi. Funding was also provided by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), the College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Mississippi State University. This is MAFES publication J-10977. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1577/H08-009.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 477FY UT WOS:000268505400005 PM 19485123 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB Humphrey, SB Bayles, DO Zuerner, RL AF Stanton, Thaddeus B. Humphrey, Samuel B. Bayles, Darrell O. Zuerner, Richard L. TI Identification of a Divided Genome for VSH-1, the Prophage-Like Gene Transfer Agent of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-CAPSULATA; SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIOPHAGE; INDUCTION; SEQUENCE; METHANOCOCCUS; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; EXCHANGE AB The Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B204 genome sequence revealed three VSH-1 tail genes, hvp31, hvp60, and hvp37, in a 3.6-kb cluster. The location and transcription direction of these genes relative to those of the previously described VSH-1 16.3-kb gene operon indicate that the gene transfer agent VSH-1 has a noncontiguous, divided genome. C1 [Stanton, Thaddeus B.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.] ARS, Genom Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Zuerner, Richard L.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Thad.Stanton@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 191 IS 5 BP 1719 EP 1721 DI 10.1128/JB.01359-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 409KC UT WOS:000263503600040 PM 19103931 ER PT J AU Yachmenev, V Condon, B Klasson, T Lambert, A AF Yachmenev, Val Condon, Brian Klasson, Thomas Lambert, Allan TI Acceleration of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover and Sugar Cane Bagasse Celluloses by Low Intensity Uniform Ultrasound SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Enzyme; Ultrasound; Corn Stover; Bagasse; Bio-Fuel ID COTTON; ENERGY AB The cost-competitive production of bio-ethanol and other biofuels is currently impeded, mostly by the high cost and the low efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of feedstock biomass and especially plant celluloses. Despite substantial reduction in the cost of production of cellulolytic enzymes in recent times, the conversion of plant cellulose into sugars still remains an expensive and slow step. Our research has found that the introduction of a low energy, uniform ultrasound field into enzyme processing solutions greatly improved their effectiveness by significantly increasing their reaction rate. It has been established that the following specific features of combined enzyme/ultrasound bio-processing are critically important: (a) cavitation effects caused by introduction of ultrasound field into the enzyme processing solution greatly enhance the transport of enzyme macromolecules toward the substrate's surface, (b) mechanical impacts, produced by the collapse of cavitation bubbles, provide an important benefit of "opening up?' the surface of solid substrates to the action of enzymes, (c) the effect of cavitation is several hundred times greater in heterogeneous systems (solid substrate-liquid) than in homogeneous, and (d) in water, the maximum effects of cavitation occur at similar to 50 C, which is the optimum temperature for many enzymes. On a laboratory scale, introduction of low level, uniform ultrasonic energy in the reaction chamber during enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover and sugar cane bagasse cellulose samples resulted in a significant improvement in enzyme efficiency. The combined enzyme/sonication hydrolysis of corn stover, bagasse and similar plant celluloses could significantly accelerate this critical step in the overall conversion of agricultural waste biomass into biofuels. C1 [Yachmenev, Val; Condon, Brian; Klasson, Thomas; Lambert, Allan] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Yachmenev, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM val.yachmenev@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 14 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2009.1002 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 435NB UT WOS:000265349500002 ER PT J AU Stevens, ES Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY AF Stevens, Eugene S. Ashby, Richard D. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Gelatin Plasticized with a Biodiesel Coproduct Stream SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Gelatin; Glycerol; Biodiesel ID WASTE GELATIN; BLENDS; SOIL; COMPOSITES; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; STARCH; FILMS AB Cast gelatin films were plasticized with a biodiesel coproduct stream (BCS). Films were well formed and appeared homogeneous by visual inspection. There is no deterioration in mechanical properties when BCS replaces glycerol as plasticizer. A BCS content of 18-34% resulted in elongations of 35-182%, with corresponding tensile strengths of 45-6 MPa and elastic moduli of 1330-38 MPa. Factor analysis indicated that replacing glycerol with BCS increases elongation but has little effect on tensile strength or modulus. The use of BCS as a plasticizer for biopolymers would increase the value of BCS, increase the value of agricultural fats and oils from which biodiesel is synthesized, and increase the feasibility of fuel production in a biorefinery The use of low-cost BCS may also increase the feasibility of producing thermoplastics from gelatin and from other biopolymers now more expensive than starch. C1 [Stevens, Eugene S.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Ashby, Richard D.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ERRC, USDA, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Stevens, ES (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM stevens@binghamton.edu FU USDA Cooperative Agreement [58-1935-7-731N] FX This work was carried out under USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1935-7-731N. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2009.1007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 435NB UT WOS:000265349500006 ER PT J AU Zhao, R Bean, SR Wang, D Park, SH Schober, TJ Wilson, JD AF Zhao, R. Bean, S. R. Wang, D. Park, S. H. Schober, T. J. Wilson, J. D. TI Small-scale mashing procedure for predicting ethanol yield of sorghum grain SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sorghum; Starch; Mashing; Glucose; Ethanol; Fermentation; SSF; HPLC ID FUEL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; HULL-LESS BARLEY; FERMENTATION; CORN; GRAVITY; FEEDSTOCK; LOCATION; STARCH; MASHES; WHEAT AB A small-scale mashing (SSM) procedure requiring only 300 mg of samples was investigated as a possible method of predicting ethanol yield of sorghum grain. The initial SSM procedure, which was conducted similarly to the mashing step in a traditional fermentation test, hydrolyzed just 38.5-47.2% of total sorghum starch to glucose. The initial procedure was simplified to contain only one liquefaction step, which did not influence subsequent saccharification. Thereafter, parameters such as temperature, pH, enzyme dosage, and saccharification time were optimized. Results showed that 91.2-97.5% of the total starch in 18 sorghum hybrids had been hydrolyzed to glucose using the following conditions: liquefaction at 86 degrees C for 90 min, 20 mu L of alpha-amylase per 30 g of sample; pH adjustment by adding 50 mu L of 2 M acetate buffer at pH 4.2 to each microtube; saccharification at 68 degrees C for 90 min, 200 mu L of amyloglucosidase per 30 g of sample. There were strong linear correlations between completely hydrolyzed starch (CHS) from SSM and ethanol yields from both traditional (R(2) = 0.86) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF, R(2) = 0.93) procedures. CHS was a better indicator for predicting ethanol yield in fermentation than total starch. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, R.; Wang, D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, S. R.; Park, S. H.; Schober, T. J.; Wilson, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zhao, R (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM renyong@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 FU USDA [2004-35504-14808] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2004-35504-14808. Authors would like to thank Novozymes Inc. for providing Liquozyme SC DS and Spirizyme Fuel, and Fermentis of S.I. Lesaffre for the active dry yeast, Ethanol Red, used in this research. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.10.006 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 430TC UT WOS:000265010500010 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Bryant, RJ AF Gealy, David R. Bryant, Rolfe J. TI Seed physicochemical characteristics of field-grown US weedy red rice (Oryza sativa) biotypes: Contrasts with commercial cultivars SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Weedy rice; Amylose; Seed physicochemical properties; SSR marker ID MICROSATELLITE; ECOTYPES; CROSSES; STARCH AB Red rice in the US is an aggressive weed that reduces the yield of rice and contaminates its grain. It is the same species as rice, which provides an opportunity for intercrossing. This genetic similarity complicates the management of red rice in fields and rice mills, but also indicates a potential for its use in rice breeding or niche markets. Physicochemical and cooking quality characteristics, which are important components of consumer desirability for rice, are virtually unknown for red rice. Thus, a survey of red rice accessions and rice x red rice crosses was conducted to characterize these traits. Grain amylose levels of most indigenous red rice accessions were similar to those of high amylose indica cultivars from Asia. Amylose levels in crosses were highly variable, ranging as low as those in medium-grain commercial rice to as high as those in long-grains. Alkali spreading value was generally greater in awned than in awnless red rice accessions and the aroma chemical, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, was detected in two red rice crosses. The generally high seed amylose levels in red rice indicate that its cooking quality would not be suitable for most common uses of US rice, but may be acceptable for niche uses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gealy, David R.; Bryant, Rolfe J.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Gealy, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM david.gealy@ars.usda.gov; rolfe.bryant@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.10.007 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 430TC UT WOS:000265010500011 ER PT J AU Eujayl, I Morris, C AF Eujayl, Imad Morris, Craig TI Identification of differentially expressed UniGenes in developing wheat seed using Digital Differential Display SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gene expression; Kernel hardness ID GENE-EXPRESSION; GRAIN AB The wheat UniGene sets, derived from over one million Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) in the NCBI GenBank, offer a platform for identifying differentially expressed genes in wheat seeds. This report illustrates a means to efficiently utilize this public database for gene expression (transcriptome) profiling of developing wheat seed. Using a data mining tool known as Digital Differential Display (DDD), thirteen pair-wise comparisons were performed on seven seed cDNA libraries from five varieties at various seed development stages. DDD identified 46 seed-specific UniGene sets, excluding the well characterized "housekeeping" and seed storage protein genes. Additionally, seed- and developmentally-specific UniGenes were identified. Some of these genes encode for proteins such as purothionins, serpins, alpha-amylase inhibitors, lipid transfer proteins, and other unknown but novel gene sequences. Specifically, the wheat serpin and beta-purothionin precursor were found to be expressed at higher levels in hard varieties than soft varieties. This study supports the starting premise that by implementing in-silico analysis of the wheat UniGene database, it is possible to rapidly create transcriptional profiles of known and novel genes in developing seeds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eujayl, Imad] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Morris, Craig] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E 202, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Eujayl, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM imad.eujayl@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 316 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.11.003 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 430TC UT WOS:000265010500023 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Ni, XZ Buntin, GD AF Chen, Yigen Ni, Xinzhi Buntin, G. David TI Physiological, Nutritional, and Biochemical Bases of Corn Resistance to Foliage-Feeding Fall Armyworm SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Total protein content; Amino acid; Glucose; Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC); Peroxidase; Lipoxygenase 3; Spodoptera frugiperda; A/Ci curve; Photosynthesis; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Herbivory; Resistance; Mechanisms ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII POPULATIONS; OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; OXIDATIVE RESPONSES; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; LARVAL PERFORMANCE; INBRED LINES; INSECT; PLANTS AB Three corn (Zea mays) germplasm lines [i.e., Ab24E (susceptible control), Mp708 (resistant control), and a locally selected partial inbred line FAW7050 (resistant)] were examined for Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance. Nutritional [i.e., total protein content, amino acids, glucose, total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), protein to TNC (P/C) ratios] and biochemical (i.e., peroxidase and lipoxygenase 3) properties in the seedlings of these corn lines were examined to categorize resistance mechanisms to S. frugiperda. Physiological changes in photosynthetic rates also were examined in an attempt to explain nutritional and biochemical dynamics among corn germplasm lines and between insect-infested and noninfested corn plants within a germplasm line. Results indicated that S. frugiperda larvae survived better and developed faster in susceptible Ab24E than in resistant FAW7050 or Mp708. The three germplasm lines differed in resistance mechanisms to S. frugiperda, and the observed patterns of resistance were probably collective results of the P/C ratio and defensive proteins. That is, the susceptibility of Ab24E to S. frugiperda was due to a high P/C ratio and a low level of induced defensive compounds in response to insect herbivory, while the resistance of FAW7050 resulted from elevated defensive proteins following insect herbivory, low P/C ratio, and elevated defensive proteins in Mp708 contributed to its resistance to S. frugiperda. The elevated protein amounts in resistant Mp708 and FAW7050 following S. frugiperda injury were likely due to greater conversion of photosynthates to defensive proteins following the greater photosynthetic rates in these entries. Greater photosynthetic capacity in Mp708 and FAW7050 also led to higher amino acid and glucose contents in these two lines. Neither amino acid nor lipoxygenase 3 played a critical role in corn resistance to S. frugiperda. However, high inducibility of peroxidase may be an indicator of S. frugiperda susceptibility as observed elsewhere. C1 [Ni, Xinzhi] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Chen, Yigen; Buntin, G. David] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Chen, Yigen] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM xinzhi.ni@ars.usda.gov RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9600-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418VJ UT WOS:000264177200003 PM 19221843 ER PT J AU Robbins, PS Nojima, S Polavarapu, S Koppenhofer, AM Rodriguez-Saona, C Holdcraft, RJ Consolie, NH Peck, DC Roelofs, WL AF Robbins, Paul S. Nojima, Satoshi Polavarapu, Sridhar Koppenhoefer, Albrecht M. Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar Holdcraft, Robert J. Consolie, Nancy H. Peck, Daniel C. Roelofs, Wendell L. TI Sex Pheromone of the Scarab Beetle Phyllophaga (Phytalus) georgiana (Horn) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE L-Valine methyl ester; L-Isoleucine methyl ester; Scarabaeidae; Melolonthinae; Cranberries ID COLEOPTERA AB The sex pheromone of Phyllophaga (Phytalus) georgiana was characterized as valine methyl ester, tentatively the l-enantiomer. This is the first sex pheromone identified from the Phyllophaga subgenus Phytalus. The pheromone was extracted from female glands, the active component isolated by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection analysis, characterized by mass spectrometry, and shown to be active in field tests. The seasonal flight pattern was determined for P. georgiana as well as for three other species, P. anxia (both northern and southern genitalic forms), P. gracilis, and P. postrema. The latter three species were captured in traps baited with l-isoleucine methyl ester. C1 [Robbins, Paul S.; Nojima, Satoshi; Peck, Daniel C.; Roelofs, Wendell L.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Nojima, Satoshi] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Polavarapu, Sridhar; Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar; Holdcraft, Robert J.] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Agr Expt Stn, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Koppenhoefer, Albrecht M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Consolie, Nancy H.] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Robbins, PS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM psr1@cornell.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9593-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418VJ UT WOS:000264177200007 PM 19247715 ER PT J AU Pittas, AG Harris, SS Eliades, M Stark, P Dawson-Hughes, B AF Pittas, Anastassios G. Harris, Susan S. Eliades, Myrto Stark, Paul Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Association between Serum Osteocalcin and Markers of Metabolic Phenotype SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; BONE TURNOVER; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BETA-CELL; LEPTIN REGULATION; GLUCOSE; MASS; DENSITY AB Context: Osteocalcin has been reported to contribute to the regulation of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion and sensitivity in experimental animals. Objective: Our objective was to examine the association between serum osteocalcin concentration and markers of dysmetabolic phenotype using data from a completed clinical trial in adults age 65 and older [n = 380, mean age 71 yr, body mass index (BMI) 26.9 kg/m(2), 5% with diabetes]. Research Design and Methods: In cross-sectional analyses (baseline data), we estimated the associations of serum osteocalcin and urine N-telopeptide with markers of metabolic phenotype including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (primary outcome), fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity estimated by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, and measures of adiposity (BMI and body fat) (secondary outcomes) after multivariate adjustment for potential confounders. In prospective analysis (placebo arm), we estimated the associations of osteocalcin and N-telopeptide with change in the primary outcome, FPG, over a 3-yr period. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, serum osteocalcin concentration was inversely associated with FPG (P = 0.01), fasting insulin (P = 0.006), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (P = 0.002), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0.01), IL-6 (P = 0.02), BMI (P < 0.001), and body fat (P < 0.001). When participants were divided into tertiles by serum osteocalcin, mean FPG was 97.1 vs. 104.8 mg/dl in the highest vs. lowest osteocalcin tertile, respectively (P < 0.01). In prospective analyses, exposure to higher osteocalcin levels during follow-up was associated with a significantly lower rise in FPG at 3 yr. Urine N-telopeptide was not associated with any marker of metabolic phenotype. Conclusions: Serum osteocalcin concentration was inversely associated with blood markers of dysmetabolic phenotype and measures of adiposity. Our findings should be considered hypothesis generating, and they need to be replicated in human studies designed to test the hypothesis that osteocalcin affects metabolism. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 827-832, 2009) C1 [Pittas, Anastassios G.; Eliades, Myrto; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Stark, Paul] Tufts Univ, Sch Dent, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Harris, Susan S.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pittas, AG (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, 800 Washington St 268, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM apittas@tuftsmedicalcenter.org FU National Institutes of Health [DK76092, DK79003, DK78867]; National Center for Research Resources [RR25752]; National Institute of Aging [AG10353]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative [58-1950-4-401] FX This work was supported by Research Grants DK76092, DK79003, and DK78867 (to A. G. P.) from the National Institutes of Health, RR25752 (to Tufts University Clinical Translational Research Center) from the National Center for Research Resources, AG10353 from the National Institute of Aging, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-4-401 (to B.D.-H.). NR 37 TC 222 Z9 238 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 94 IS 3 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1210/jc.2008-1422 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 416QN UT WOS:000264020700019 PM 19088165 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS Pulich, W Hardegree, B AF Fletcher, Reginald S. Pulich, Warren, Jr. Hardegree, Beau TI A Semiautomated Approach for Monitoring Landscape Changes in Texas Seagrass Beds from Aerial Photography SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Color space transformation; threshold models; geographic information system; seagrass monitoring ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; EELGRASS BEDS; MEADOWS; HABITAT; IMAGERY; GIS; USA; TM AB In support of the Texas Seagrass Monitoring Program, remote sensing research is underway to evaluate automated methods for monitoring landscape changes in seagrass beds related to human and/or natural disturbances. This paper discusses the integration of high resolution aerial color film photography, color space transformation, pixel threshold models, and geographic information system technology to detect, assess, and monitor 1-m ground feature changes and disturbance areas within a Texas, United States, shallow seagrass bed over 3 site years. The procedure entails transforming digitized, aerial color film transparencies from red, green, and blue color space to intensity, hue, and saturation color space; analyzing the saturation and/or intensity imagery and their histograms to identify bare areas; and developing threshold models to separate bare areas from vegetated areas employing the results obtained in the previous step. Maps created with this semiautomated approach had classification accuracies ranging from 75% to 100%. We used geographic information system tools to quantify landscape feature changes occurring at the shallow test site for 3 consecutive years. The overall findings indicate that the semiautomated approach described in this study can be used as an efficient protocol to accurately map changes in bare and vegetated areas within this Texas seagrass bed, and suggest that the techniques would have high potential for other similar seagrass areas. C1 [Fletcher, Reginald S.] USDA ARS, Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Pulich, Warren, Jr.] Texas State Univ San Marcos, River Syst Inst, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Hardegree, Beau] United States Fish & Wildlife Serv, TAMU CC, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM reginald.fletcher@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Texas Parks; Wildlife Department FX The authors thank Rene Davis and Juan Ramos for acquiring the aerial photography, Isabel Cavazos for assisting in image analyses, and both the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing support and equipment used in the field observations. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.2112/07-0882.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 432HP UT WOS:000265124400022 ER PT J AU Zeng, R Bequette, BJ Vinyard, BT Bannerman, DD AF Zeng, R. Bequette, B. J. Vinyard, B. T. Bannerman, D. D. TI Determination of milk and blood concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in cows with naturally acquired subclinical and clinical mastitis SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute phase protein; dairy cow; innate immunity; mastitis ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; DAIRY-COWS; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; (LPS)-BINDING PROTEIN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HAPTOGLOBIN AB Blood and milk concentrations of the acute phase protein lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were evaluated in cows with naturally occurring mastitis. Blood and milk samples were collected from 101 clinically healthy dairy cows and 17 dairy cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis, and the LBP concentrations of the samples were measured by an ELISA. Concentrations of LBP were greater in the blood and milk of cows with clinical mastitis than in those with healthy quarters. Concentrations of LBP also differed between uninfected and subclinically infected quarters with low somatic cell count. Blood concentrations of LBP in cows with subclinical intramammary infections could not be differentiated from those of cows with all healthy quarters. Together, these data demonstrate that increased blood and milk concentrations of LBP can be detected in dairy cows with naturally acquired intramammary infections that cause clinical mastitis. C1 [Bannerman, D. D.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zeng, R.; Bequette, B. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vinyard, B. T.] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbannerm@yahoo.com NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 980 EP 989 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1636 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 410EF UT WOS:000263559600018 PM 19233791 ER PT J AU Reynal, SM Broderick, GA AF Reynal, S. M. Broderick, G. A. TI Technical note: A new high-performance liquid chromatography purine assay for quantifying microbial flow SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial flow; purines; high-performance liquid chromatography ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MARKERS; RUMEN AB An HPLC method was developed to quantify the purines adenine and guanine and their metabolites xanthine and hypoxanthine in hydrolysates of isolated bacteria and omasal digesta and to assess the effect of using either purines only or purines plus metabolites as microbial markers for estimating microbial flow from the rumen. Individual purines and their metabolites were completely resolved on a C18 column using gradient elution with 2 mobile phases. Intraassay coefficient of variation ranged from 0.6 to 3.1%. Hydrolytic recovery of the 4 purine bases from their corresponding nucleosides averaged 101% (control), 103% (when added to bacterial isolates), and 104% (when added to omasal digesta). Mean concentrations of adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine were, respectively, 53, 58, 2.8, and 3.5 mu mol/g of dry matter in omasal bacteria and 10, 12, 7.5, and 7.5 mu mol/g of dry matter in omasal digesta, indicating that xanthine plus hypoxanthine represented 5% of total purines in bacterial hydrolysates but 41% of total purines in digesta hydrolysates. A significant negative relationship (R(2) = 0.53) between the sum of adenine and guanine and the sum of xanthine and hypoxanthine in digesta samples (but not bacterial isolates) indicated that 89% of the adenine and guanine originally present in ruminal microbes were recovered as xanthine and hypoxanthine. These results suggested that, when total purines are used as the microbial marker, both purines and their metabolites should be quantified and used to compute microbial nonammonia N and organic matter flows. C1 [Broderick, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Reynal, S. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM glen.broderick@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1177 EP 1181 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1479 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 410EF UT WOS:000263559600038 PM 19233811 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Muck, RE AF Broderick, G. A. Muck, R. E. TI Effect of alfalfa silage storage structure and rumen-protected methionine on production in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa silage storage structure; rumen-protected methionine; milk yield; nitrogen efficiency ID SOLVENT SOYBEAN-MEAL; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; INTERNAL MARKERS; DIFFERENT DIETS; AMINO-ACIDS; SOLE FORAGE; NITROGEN; METABOLISM; CATTLE AB The objective of this study was to determine whether production and nutrient utilization differed when lactating cows were fed diets based on 1 of 3 sources of alfalfa silage (AS) and whether performance was altered by feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM; fed as Mepron). Thirty-six lactating Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk, then assigned to a randomized complete block design and fed a 3 x 2 arrangement of diets formulated from alfalfa ensiled in bag, bunker, or oxygen-limited silos, and supplemented with either 0 or 8 g of RPM/d. After feeding a covariate diet for 3 wk, treatment diets were fed for the remaining 12 wk of the trial. Experimental diets averaged [dry matter (DM) basis] 41% AS, 24% corn silage, 24% high-moisture corn, 3.7% soybean meal, 4% roasted soybeans, 2% ground shelled corn, 1.0% minerals and vitamins, 16.7% CP, and 31% NDF. Alfalfa from the oxygen-limited silo was lower in ash, higher in lactate, nonfiber carbohydrate, and in vitro NDF digestibility, had lower pH and ammonia content, and gave rise to greater DM intake and ADF digestibility than silage from the other 2 silos, indicating a more effective fermentation that, in turn, resulted in greater nutrient preservation. However, the more favorable composition, intake, and digestibility of alfalfa from the oxygen-limited silo were not reflected in improved milk production, which was not different among alfalfa sources. There was increased apparent N efficiency and trends for improved feed efficiency and protein yield with RPM supplementation across all 3 silages. The National Research Council (2001) model predicted that feeding RPM reduced Lys:Met ratio from 3.5 to 2.9, indicating that the diets were limiting in Met. C1 [Broderick, G. A.; Muck, R. E.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM glen.broderick@ars.usda.gov FU Engineered Stored Products Co. FX The authors thank Rick Walgenbach and his farm crew for harvesting and storing the feedstuffs used in these trials and Jill Davidson and her barn crew for feeding and animal care at the US Dairy Forage Center Research Farm (Prairie du Sac, WI); Wendy Radloff, Mary Becker, Ursula Hymes-Fecht and Steven Diederich (US Dairy Forage Research Center) for assisting with sampling and laboratory analyses; and Peter Crump (University of Wisconsin- Madison) for assisting with statistical analyses. Partial financial support for this research from Engineered Stored Products Co. is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1281 EP 1289 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1303 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 410EF UT WOS:000263559600048 PM 19233821 ER PT J AU Battaglia, LL Denslow, JS Inczauskis, JR Baer, SG AF Battaglia, Loretta L. Denslow, Julie S. Inczauskis, Jason R. Baer, Sara G. TI Effects of native vegetation on invasion success of Chinese tallow in a floating marsh ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinese tallow; exotic; facilitation; floating marsh; invasive species; Mississippi River Delta; Morella cerifera; Myrica cerifera; Sapium sebiferum; Triadica sebifera; wax myrtle; wetland ID TREE SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; COASTAL SOUTH-CAROLINA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; ECOLOGICAL RESISTANCE; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; MYRICA-CERIFERA; SEED DISPERSAL AB 1. Interactions between resident and exotic species have been shown to control the biotic resistance of communities to invasion. With different life stages of the exotic species, each sequential interaction may dampen or strengthen previous ones, thereby influencing invasion success. 2. We assessed the effects of resident vegetation type on the arrival and performance of Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow), a widespread invader in freshwater floating marshes, using a combination of field studies and glasshouse experiments. 3. Our results indicated that Triadica abundance was positively associated with native woody species, particularly the native actinorhizal shrub Morella cerifera (wax myrtle). Seed dispersal and germination of Triadica were generally low but suggestive that Morella has weak, facilitative effects on the spread of Triadica by channelling its dispersal by birds into shrub thickets and promoting germination upon arrival. Triadica seedling growth was greatest where light and total inorganic N were higher. Growth of Triadica trees was greater in marsh sites without Morella and did not exhibit any detectable responses to elevated N levels in substrates from Morella thickets. 4. Morella may facilitate the spread of Triadica in floating shrub communities, yet inhibit its growth once established. The few individuals that establish in herbaceous marshes grow faster and may therefore reach maturity sooner than in Morella shrub thickets. 5. Synthesis. Our work suggests that the net effects of facilitation and inhibition by native, resident species on exotics can influence invasion success. In this case, weak, facilitative effects operating in the arrival and establishment phases of invasion are not completely negated by subsequent negative interactions between the same species, enabling the invader to persist. Models that quantify the relative strength and cumulative effects of these interactions are needed to improve predictions of community invasibility. C1 [Battaglia, Loretta L.; Inczauskis, Jason R.; Baer, Sara G.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Denslow, Julie S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Battaglia, LL (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ctr Ecol, Mailcode 6509, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lbattaglia@plant.siu.edu FU National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior; SIUC REACH [00-JV11272177-028] FX The authors thank the staff at Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, and particularly Bill Hulslander, for logistical assistance. Authors thank Tom Hargis for airboat support, Laura Shirley and Gilles Morin for help in the field and Rebecca Sharitz for donating the seed traps. Authors acknowledge the constructive comments of Peter Minchin and three anonymous referees. This research was supported by funds provided by the National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, to J.S.D. and L. L. B (Account # 00-JV11272177-028) and by an SIUC REACH undergraduate grant to J. R. I. NR 75 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 97 IS 2 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01471.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 406NK UT WOS:000263302000005 ER PT J AU Fraver, S White, AS Seymour, RS AF Fraver, Shawn White, Alan S. Seymour, Robert S. TI Natural disturbance in an old-growth landscape of northern Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE advance regeneration; canopy gaps; dendrochronology; growth releases; late successional forests; shade tolerance; spruce budworm; stand dynamics; succession ID SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS; NEW-ENGLAND; FOREST DISTURBANCE; BOREAL FOREST; AGE STRUCTURE; NEW-YORK; DYNAMICS; REGIMES; HISTORY; SCALE AB 1. Disturbance histories derived from old-growth forest remnants in Europe and eastern North America have shaped many of our current theories of forest dynamics and succession. Yet the small size typical of these remnants suggests they might not capture the full range of variability that may emerge at larger scales. 2. We investigated the frequency and severity of natural disturbance in a 2000-ha old-growth landscape (Big Reed Forest Reserve) in northern Maine, USA. Given its size, the Reserve provides an ideal opportunity to study, at multiple scales, natural forest processes in a region that has otherwise been dramatically altered by human activities. Using dendrochronological methods, we reconstructed disturbance histories for 37 randomly located plots stratified by five forest types (hardwood forests, mixed woods forests, red spruce forests, northern white-cedar seepage forests and northern white-cedar swamps). 3. We found no evidence of stand replacing disturbance on any plot during the last 120-280 years (depending on plot). The overall mean disturbance rate was 9.6% canopy loss per decade (median 6.5%, maximum 55%, plots pooled), yet the distribution was strongly skewed toward the lower rates. 4. We found little differences in disturbance rates between forest types, save a slightly lower rate in the northern white-cedar swamps. However, if we ignore forest-type classifications, we see that disturbance rates are clearly influenced by gradients in the relative abundance of component tree species, owing to species' relative susceptibilities to particular disturbance agents. 5. Synthesis. Relatively low rates of canopy disturbance allow the accrual of shade-tolerant saplings. The abundance of this advance regeneration, coupled with the absence of stand-replacing disturbance, has maintained canopy dominance by shade-tolerant species in all plots, all forest types and throughout the entire landscape. Disturbance histories from individual plots coalesce to form a picture of a landscape in which pulses of moderate-severity disturbance are interposed upon a background of scattered small-scale canopy gaps. The landscape-level mosaic resulting from this disturbance regime consists of patches in various stages of structural development, not various stages of compositional succession. C1 [Fraver, Shawn; White, Alan S.; Seymour, Robert S.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Fraver, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM sfraver@fs.fed.us FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Nature Conservancy's Ecosystem Research Program; Northern Research Station; McIntire-Stennis funds FX This work benefited from discussions with R. Baldwin, C. Cogbill, M. Hunter, G. Jacobson, A. Lara, E. Rowland, and M. Schauffler. We thank J. Bradford, A. D'Amato, D. Foster, M. Jonsson, M. Lindbladh, C. Lorimer, and two anonymous referees for providing valuable comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We are grateful to R. Dyer, B. Armstrong-Gordon, and D. Fraver for extensive field assistance. We also thank R. Baldwin, L. Case, C. Cogbill, M. Lindbladh, and D. Opland for assistance in the field, and W. Halteman for statistical advice. Funding and support was provided by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR Fellowship to S. F.), The Nature Conservancy's Ecosystem Research Program, the Northern Research Station (US Forest Service), and McIntire-Stennis funds. We thank the Maine Chapter of The Nature Conservancy for permission to conduct this work in the Big Reed Forest Reserve. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication 3032. NR 60 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 97 IS 2 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01474.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 406NK UT WOS:000263302000010 ER PT J AU Broda, C Leibtag, E Weinstein, DE AF Broda, Christian Leibtag, Ephraim Weinstein, David E. TI The Role of Prices in Measuring the Poor's Living Standards SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID INDEX C1 [Broda, Christian] Univ Chicago, Booth Sch Business, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Leibtag, Ephraim] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Weinstein, David E.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Weinstein, David E.] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Broda, C (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Booth Sch Business, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM cbroda@chicagobooth.edu; eleibtag@ers.usda.gov; dew35@columbia.edu NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0895-3309 J9 J ECON PERSPECT JI J. Econ. Perspect. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 77 EP 97 DI 10.1257/jep.23.2.77 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 456GU UT WOS:000266832800005 ER PT J AU Griffith, R Leibtag, E Leicester, A Nevo, A AF Griffith, Rachel Leibtag, Ephraim Leicester, Andrew Nevo, Aviv TI Consumer Shopping Behavior: How Much Do Consumers Save? SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PRICE-INDEX; INVENTORY; SALES C1 [Griffith, Rachel; Leicester, Andrew] UCL, London, England. [Griffith, Rachel; Leicester, Andrew] Inst Fiscal Studies, London, England. [Leibtag, Ephraim] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Nevo, Aviv] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Nevo, Aviv] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, England. RP Griffith, R (reprint author), UCL, London, England. EM rgriffith@ifs.org.uk; eleibtag@ers.usda.gov; andrew_l@ifs.org.uk; nevo@northwestern.edu RI Griffith, Rachel/A-2583-2009; OI Griffith, Rachel/0000-0002-8616-5820 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0895-3309 J9 J ECON PERSPECT JI J. Econ. Perspect. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 99 EP 120 DI 10.1257/jep.23.2.99 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 456GU UT WOS:000266832800006 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Guber, AK Shelton, DR McCarty, GW AF Pachepsky, Yakov A. Guber, Andrey K. Shelton, Daniel R. McCarty, Gregory W. TI Size distributions of manure particles released under simulated rainfall SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bovine manure; Manure dissolution; Runoff; Particle size; Turbidity; Laser diffractometry ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURFACE WATERS; BOVINE MANURE; TRANSPORT; SOIL; ATTACHMENT AB Manure and animal waste deposited on cropland and grazing lands serve as a source of microorganisms, some of which may be pathogenic. These microorganisms are released along with particles of dissolved manure during rainfall events. Relatively little if anything is known about the amounts and sizes of manure particles released during rainfall, that subsequently may serve as carriers, abode, and nutritional source for microorganisms. The objective of this work was to obtain and present the first experimental data on sizes of bovine manure particles released to runoff during simulated rainfall and leached through soil during subsequent infiltration. Experiments were conducted using 200 cm, long boxes containing turfgrass soil sod; the boxes were designed so that rates of manure dissolution and subsequent infiltration and runoff could be monitored independently. Dairy manure was applied on the upper portion of boxes. Simulated rainfall (ca. 32.4 mm h (1)) was applied for 90 min on boxes with stands of either live or dead grass. Electrical conductivity, turbidity, and particle size distributions obtained from laser diffractometry were determined in manure runoff and soil leachate samples. Turbidity of leachates and manure runoff samples decreased exponentially. Turbidity of manure runoff samples was on average 20% less than turbidity of soil leachate samples. Turbidity of leachate samples from boxes with dead grass was on average 30% less than from boxes with live grass. Particle size distributions in manure runoff and leachate suspensions remained remarkably stable after 15 min of runoff initiation, although the turbidity continued to decrease. Particles had the median diameter of 3.8 mu m, and 90% of particles were between 0.6 and 17.8 mu m. The particle size distributions were not affected by the grass status. Because manure particles are known to affect transport and retention of microbial pathogens in soil, more information needs to be collected about the concurrent release of pathogens and manure particles during rainfall events. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pachepsky, Yakov A.; Guber, Andrey K.; Shelton, Daniel R.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173 Barc E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1365 EP 1369 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.08.001 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401VG UT WOS:000262969900005 PM 18799251 ER PT J AU Bolster, CH Haznedaroglu, BZ Walker, SL AF Bolster, C. H. Haznedaroglu, B. Z. Walker, S. L. TI Diversity in Cell Properties and Transport Behavior among 12 Different Environmental Escherichia coli Isolates SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE PROPERTIES; BACTERIAL DEPOSITION; LABORATORY COLUMNS; INTACT CORES; ADHESION; STRAINS; GROUNDWATER AB Escherichia coli is a commonly used indicator organism lot detecting the presence of fecal-borne pathogenic microorganisms in water supplies. The importance of L coli as in indicator organism has led to numerous studies looking at cell properties and transport behavior of this microorganism. In many of these, studies, however, only a single strain of F coli was used even though research has shown that significant genetic variability exists among different strains of E coli. If this genetic diversity results in differences in cell properties that affect transport, different strains of E. coli may exhibit different rates of transport in the environment. Therefore, the objectives of Our Study were to investigate the variability in surface characteristics an transport behavior of E. coli isolates obtained from six different sources: beef cattle, dairy cattle, horse, human, poultry, and wildlife. Cell properties such as electrophoretic mobility, cell size and shape, hydrophobicity, charge density, and extracellular polymeric substance composition were measured for each isolate. In addition, the transport behavior of each isolate was assessed by measuring transport through 10-cm packed beds of clean quartz sand. Our results show a large diversity in cell properties and transport behavior for the different E. coli isolates. This diversity in transport behavior must be taken into account when making assessments of the suitability of-using E. coli as all indicator organism for specific pathogenic microorganisms in groundwater environments as well as modeling the movement of E. coli in the subsurface. C1 [Bolster, C. H.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Haznedaroglu, B. Z.; Walker, S. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bolster, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM carl.bolster@ars.usda.gov RI Haznedaroglu, Berat/A-6467-2011 OI Haznedaroglu, Berat/0000-0002-0081-8801 NR 57 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0137 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416NV UT WOS:000264013700010 PM 19202016 ER PT J AU Guo, MX Gao, SD AF Guo, Mingxin Gao, Suduan TI Degradation of Methyl Iodide in Soil: Effects of Environmental Factors SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REDUCE 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; AMENDED SOIL; BROMIDE; FUMIGATION; FUMIGANTS; WATER AB Methyl iodide (Mel) is a promising alternative to the phased-out fumigant methyl bromide (MeBr); however, there are concerns about its environmental fate following soil fumigation. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various environmental factors oil the rate of Mel degradation in soil, The chemical was added to soil at 48.6 mg kg(-1) and incubated under different conditions. The Mel degradation rate in soil was determined by extracting and measuring residual concentrations over a 15 d incubation period. In soil, Mel degradation followed availability-adjusted first-order kinetics, At 20 degrees C Mel had 3 calculated half-life of 32 d in a sandy loam containing 4.3 g kg(-1) of organic carbon, It degraded more: rapidly as temperature increased, exhibiting a half-life of 23 d at 30 degrees C. Amendment with 10% cattle manure shortened the hall-life to 4 d at 20 degrees C. In both unamended and manure-amended soils, the half-life of Mel greatly increased as the organic matter (OM) was removed and it only slightly increased in soils that were sterilized, indicating predominance of chemical reactions in Mel degradation. Soil texture, mineralogy, and moderate moisture content had little influence on Mel degradation. The degradation slowed as the chemical application rate increased. The results suggest that environmental factors. especially soil temperature and organic amendments, should be considered in combination with the minimum effective Mel application rite for achieving satisfactory pest-control efficacy, reducing atmospheric volatilization, and minimizing groundwater contamination. C1 [Guo, Mingxin] Delaware State Univ, Dep Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Gao, Suduan] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Guo, MX (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dep Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM mguo@desu.edu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0124 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416NV UT WOS:000264013700015 PM 19202021 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB AF Szogi, Ariel A. Vanotti, Matias B. TI Removal of Phosphorus from Livestock Effluents SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID SWINE MANURE; WASTE-WATER; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; PRECIPITATION; PHOSPHATE; NITRIFICATION; LAGOONS; CALCIUM; RECOVERY AB For removal of phosphorus (P) from swine liquid manure before land application, we developed a treatment process that produces low P effluents and a valuable P by-product with minimal chemical addition and ammonia losses. The new wastewater process included two sequential steps: (i) biological nitrification and (ii) increasing the pH of the nitrified wastewater to precipitate P. We hypothesized that by reduction of inorganic buffers (NH(4)(+) and carbonate alkalinity) via nitrification, P could be selectively removed by subsequent hydrated lime [Ca(OH)(2)] addition. The objective of the study was to assess if this new treatment could consistently reduce inorganic buffer capacity with varied initial concentrations of N (100-723 mg NH(4)(+) L(-1)), P (26-85 mg TP L(-1)), and alkalinity (953-3063 mg CaCO(3) L(-1)), and then efficiently remove P from swine lagoon liquid. The process was tested with surface lagoon liquids from 10 typical swine farms in North Carolina. Each lagoon liquid received treatment in a nitrification bioreactor, followed by chemical treatment with Ca(OH), at Ca rates of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mmol L(-1) to precipitate R This configuration was compared with a control that received the same Ca rates but without the nitrification pretreatment. The new process significantly reduced >90% the inorganic buffers concentrations compared with the control and prevented ammonia losses. Subsequent lime addition resulted in efficient pH increase to >= 9.5 for optimum P precipitation in the nitrified liquid and significant reduction of effluent total P concentration versus the control. With this new process, the total P concentration in treated liquid effluent can be adjusted for on-farm use with up to >90% of P removal. The recovered solid Ca phosphate material can be easily exported from the farm and reused as P fertilizer. Therefore, the new process can be used to reduce the P content in livestock effluents to levels that would diminish problems of excess P accumulation in waste-amended soils. C1 [Szogi, Ariel A.; Vanotti, Matias B.] ARS Coastal Plains Soil, USDA, Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), ARS Coastal Plains Soil, USDA, Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Ariel.Szogi@ARS.USDA.GOV FU USDA-ARS; ARS [6657-13630-003-001] FX This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 206: Manure and By-product Utilization; ARS Project 6657-13630-003-001) "Innovative Animal Manure Treatment Technologies for Enhanced Environmental Quality." The authors are grateful to Dr. Diana Rashash (NCCES, Jacksonville, NC) for her help in coordinating lagoon sampling work and Aprel Ellison and Laura Slice for their help with field and laboratory work. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 576 EP 586 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0641 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416NV UT WOS:000264013700022 PM 19202028 ER PT J AU Smith, MC White, JW Coale, FJ AF Smith, Matt C. White, John W. Coale, Frank J. TI Evaluation of Phosphorus Source Coefficients as Predictors of Runoff Phosphorus Concentrations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; AMENDED SOILS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; MANURE PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; LOSSES; BIOSOLIDS AB Many states have adopted a P site index (PSI) as a risk assessment tool to determine when P-based nutrient management is required for a given agricultural field. Some PSIs use a weighting factor, the phosphorus source coefficient (PSC), to account for differences in P solubility between organic P sources. Information relating to appropriate values of PSC for various organic P sources is limited, The objectives of this study were to determine PSCs for organic P sources and to examine the relationship between PSCs and P concentrations measured in simulated rainfall runoff. An incubation Study was used to calculate PSCs based on the extractability of P from organic P sources (separated and unseparated liquid dairy manure, digested dairy manure, dairy manure solids, poultry litter, and compost) relative to P from triple superphosphate fertilizer. The PSCs from the 14-d incubations were the best predictors of runoff P after 14 d soil equilibration in the runoff boxes. The values for iron-oxide strip phosphorus (FeO-P) PSC ranged from 78% for compost to 28% for poultry litter and were significantly related to runoff DR-P (r(2) = 0.80***) and FeO-P (r(2) = 0.76***) during the 14-d runoff event. Mehlich 3 PSCs ranged from 59% for compost to 30% for unseparated dairy manure and were better predictors of DR-P and FeO-P during the 56-d event (r(2) = 0.73*** and 0.65***, respectively). The results of this study indicate that PSCs based on soil incubations may improve the ability of PSCs to predict tire risk of runoff transport, particularly after manure incorporation. C1 [Smith, Matt C.; White, John W.] ARS, USDA, Environ Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Coale, Frank J.] Univ Maryland, Dep Environ Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environ Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Matt.Smith@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 587 EP 597 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0669 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416NV UT WOS:000264013700023 PM 19202029 ER PT J AU McDonald, JA Gao, SD Qin, RJ Hanson, BD Trout, TJ Wang, D AF McDonald, Jason A. Gao, Suduan Qin, Ruijun Hanson, Bradley D. Trout, Thomas J. Wang, Dong TI Effect of Water Seal on Reducing 1,3-Dichloropropene Emissions from Different Soil Textures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA SANDY SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; METHYL-BROMIDE; FUMIGANT EMISSIONS; SHANK INJECTION; PLASTIC FILM; MOISTURE; DIFFUSION; TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION AB Soil physical conditions can affect diffusion, environmental fate, and efficacy of fumigants in soil disinfestation treatments. Water seals (applying water using sprinklers to soil following fumigation) can effectively reduce fumigant emissions from sandy loam soils. Soil column studies compared the effectiveness of water seals in reducing cis-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) emissions from three different textured soils (loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam). Treatments included an untreated control, an initial water sea] (9 mm water applied immediately before fumigant injection), and intermittent water seals (initial 9 mm water seat followed by 3 mm at 12 and 24 h). For the loamy sand, instead of the initial water seal treatment, a reduced-amount intermittent water seal (initial 3 mm water followed by I mm at 12 and 24 h) treatment was tested. Overall emission loss of 1,3-D from the control over 2 wk was 56% for the loam), sand, 51% for the sandy loam, and 43% for the loam. The initial water seal reduced total 1,3-D emissions to 46% in the sandy loam and 31% in the loam. The intermittent water seals reduced emission loss to 26% for the loamy sand, 41% for the sandy loam, and 21% for the loam. The reduced-amount intermittent water seal for loamy sand had little effect. Low emission loss was associated with high surface soil water content. None of the water applications reduced gaseous fumigant concentrations. Results indicate that water seal techniques may be able to effectively reduce emissions for different soil textures without reducing fumigant concentration in the soil. C1 [Gao, Suduan; Qin, Ruijun; Hanson, Bradley D.; Trout, Thomas J.; Wang, Dong] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gao, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Suduan.Gao@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011; OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 FU California Dep. of Food and Agriculture; Water Management Research Unit; USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA FX Funding for this research was provided by the California Dep. of Food and Agriculture. Technical assistance was received from Aileen Hendratna, Robert Shenk, Allie Kenyon, and Tom Pflaum, of the Water Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0093 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416NV UT WOS:000264013700036 PM 19244492 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Runion, GB Prior, SA Rogers, HH Torbert, HA AF Price, Andrew J. Runion, G. Brett Prior, Stephen A. Rogers, Hugo H. Torbert, H. Allen TI Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.) Increases Growth under Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PLANTS; CO2; RESPONSES; WEED; C-3; GLYPHOSATE; TOLERANCE; NITROGEN AB Although considerable effort is being spent studying exotic plant pests, little consideration his been given as to how invasive plants might react to the increasing concentration of CO(2) in the atmosphere. Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L) is considered one the world's worst weeds and is becoming more of it problem in agricultural settings of tire Southeastern USA, Growth responses of tropical spiderwort were evaluated using plants grown in containers with a soilless potting medium under ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 mu mol mol(1)) levels of CO(2) in open-top field chambers. Although plant height was unaffected by CO(2) leaf and flower number tended to increase (approximately 23%) when exposed to elevated CO(2) Aboveground plant parts exhibited significant increases in dry weight when exposed to high CO(2); leaf, flower, stein, and total shoot (try weights were increased by 36, 30, 48 and 44%, respectively. Total plant dry weight was increased by 41% for plants grown under high CO(2). Root dry weight and root length were unaffected by CO(2) concentration, Tropical spiderwort allocated more biomass to stems and tended to allocate less to roots when plants were exposed to high CO(2). Plant carbon concentration and content tended to be higher in CO(2)-enriched plants, whereas plant nitrogen concentration tended to be lower; thus, elevated CO(2)-grown plants had higher C/N ratios. Also, the amount of biomass produced per unit nitrogen was higher for plants exposed to elevated CO(2). The growth response of this plant is in the upper range typical for C3 plants. C1 [Price, Andrew J.; Runion, G. Brett; Prior, Stephen A.; Rogers, Hugo H.; Torbert, H. Allen] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM andrew.price@ars.usda.gov FU Southeast Regional Center of the U.S. Department of Energys National Institute; Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreement [DE-FC02-03-E.R63613]; U.S. Department of Energy's Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER) under Interagency Agreement [DE-AI02-95ER62088] FX The authors thank B.G. Dorman, J.W Carrington, M.E. Stoll, and H.M. Finegan for technical assistance. This research was supported by the Southeast Regional Center of the U.S. Department of Energys National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-03-E.R63613 and the U.S. Department of Energy's Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER) under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-95ER62088. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 729 EP 733 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0621 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416NV UT WOS:000264013700038 PM 19244494 ER PT J AU McCarty, G Pachepsky, Y Ritchie, J AF McCarty, Gregory Pachepsky, Yakov Ritchie, Jerry TI Impact of Sedimentation on Wetland Carbon Sequestration in an Agricultural Watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT TROPHIC STATES; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL-EROSION; RIPARIAN WETLAND; PB-210; DEPOSITION; DILUTION; LAKES; PRODUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS AB Landscape redistribution of soil C is common within agricultural ecosystems. Little is known about the effects of upland sediment deposition on C dynamics within riparian wetlands. To assess sedimentation impact, we obtained profile samples of wetland soil and used the combination of (137)Cs, (210)Pb, and (14)C chronological markers to determine rates of C sequestration and mineral deposition over the history of a wetland within a first-order catchment under agricultural management in the coastal plains of the United States. Substantial post settlement deposition in the wetland soil was evidenced in places by a 20- to 40-cm layer of mineral soil that buried the original histosol. Soil profiles contained a minimum in C content within the top 35 cot of the profile which originated from a rapid deposition from low C upland soils. Radiocarbon and radioisotope dating showed chat increases in C above this minimum were the result of C sequestered in the past -50 yr. Modeling the kinetics of modern C dynamics using the (137)Cs, and (210)Pb markets within these surface profiles provides strong evidence for accelerated C sequestration associated with mineral sediment deposition in the ecosystem. These findings indicate that at the landscape scale, dilution of ecosystem C by import of low C upland sediment into wetlands stimulates C sequestration by pulling soil C content below some pedogenic equilibrium value for the ecosystem. They also indicate that over the history of the wetland, rates of C accretion may be linked to mineral soil deposition. C1 [McCarty, Gregory; Pachepsky, Yakov; Ritchie, Jerry] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP McCarty, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM greg.mccarty@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 804 EP 813 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416NV UT WOS:000264013700046 PM 19244502 ER PT J AU Ostlund, L Ahlberg, L Zackrisson, O Bergman, I Arno, S AF Ostlund, Lars Ahlberg, Lisa Zackrisson, Olle Bergman, Ingela Arno, Steve TI BARK-PEELING, FOOD STRESS AND TREE SPIRITS - THE USE OF PINE INNER BARK FOR FOOD IN SCANDINAVIA AND NORTH AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bark-peeling; forest history; sharply seasonal climate; pine (Pinus sp.); plant food; CMT ID CULTURALLY MODIFIED TREES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BOREAL SWEDEN; FOREST USE; STRATEGIES; LANDSCAPE; HISTORY; CLIMATE AB The Sami people of northern Scandinavia and many indigenous peoples of North America have used pine (Pinus spp.) inner bark for food, medicine and other purposes. This study compares bark-peeling and subsequent uses of pine inner bark in Scandinavia and western North America, focusing on traditional practices. Pine inner bark contains substances - mainly carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamin C, and minerals - that were important complements to the protein-rich food of the indigenous peoples living in northern regions of both continents. The climate in these regions was (and is) sharply seasonal, and the stored carbohydrates in pine inner bark were particularly important during late winter. On both continents, a strip of live cambium was commonly left to show respect to the tree and the tree spirits and to ensure the tree's survival. The uses of pine inner bark and associated traditions have long time depths, and trees with old, or even ancient, bark-peeling scars are still common in old-growth pine forests on both continents. We conclude that forests with such trees should be regarded as relicts of traditional landscapes and protected for their cultural historical value. C1 [Ostlund, Lars; Ahlberg, Lisa; Zackrisson, Olle] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Bergman, Ingela] Silver Museum, S-93090 Arjeplog, Sweden. [Arno, Steve] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Ostlund, L (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. OI Ostlund, Lars/0000-0002-7902-3672 FU FORMAS (Sweden); The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation FX We wish to thank Terry Peterson, Dave Campbell, and Amanda Marshall for generously helping us with various aspects of this study, John Blackwell at Sees-editing, UK, for improving the language, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. FORMAS (Sweden) and The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation financed this study. NR 87 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 15 PU SOC ETHNOBIOLOGY PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA INST ARCHAEOLOGY, BOX 951510, FOWLER A-210, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1510 USA SN 0278-0771 J9 J ETHNOBIOL JI J. Ethnobiol. PD SPR-SUM PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 94 EP 112 DI 10.2993/0278-0771-29.1.94 PG 19 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 495GI UT WOS:000269878400006 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Evans, JD Murphy, C Gutell, R Zuker, M Gundensen-Rindal, D Pettis, JS AF Chen, Yanping P. Evans, Jay D. Murphy, Charles Gutell, Robin Zuker, Michael Gundensen-Rindal, Dawn Pettis, Jeff S. TI Morphological, Molecular, and Phylogenetic Characterization of Nosema ceranae, a Microsporidian Parasite Isolated from the European Honey Bee, Apis mellifera SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Disease; microorganism; parasitism; phylogeny ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INFECTION; HYMENOPTERA AB Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite originally described from Apis cerana, has been found to infect Apis melllifera and is highly pathogenic to its new host. In the present study, data on the ultrastructure of N. ceranae, presence of N. ceranae-specific nucleic acid in host tissues, and phylogenetic relationships with other microsporidia species are described. The ultrastructural features indicate that N. ceranae possesses all of the characteristics of the genus Nosema. Spores of N. ceranae measured approximately 4.4 x 2.2 mu m on fresh smears. The number of coils of the polar filament inside spores was 18-21. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) signals specific for N. ceranae were detected not only in the primary infection site, the midgut, but also in the tissues of hypopharyngeal glands, salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, and fat body. The detection rate and intensity of PCR signals in the fat body were relatively low compared with other examined tissues. Maximum parsimony analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene sequences showed that N. ceranae appeared to be more closely related to the wasp parasite, Nosema vespula, than to N. apis, a parasite infecting the same host. C1 [Chen, Yanping P.; Evans, Jay D.; Pettis, Jeff S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Murphy, Charles] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gutell, Robin] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gutell, Robin] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Zuker, Michael] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Gundensen-Rindal, Dawn] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM judy.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU 2006 California State Beekeepers' Association; National Institutes of Health [GM067317]; Welch Foundation [F-1427] FX We would like to thank Michele Hamilton, Bart Smith, and Andrew Ulsamer for their excellent technical assistance. The work was supported in part by the 2006 California State Beekeepers' Association (CSBA) research fund. R. Gutell was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM067317) and the Welch Foundation (F-1427). NR 31 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00374.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429ZI UT WOS:000264958200006 PM 19457054 ER PT J AU Devney, CA Kondrad, SL Stebbins, KR Brittingham, KD Hoffman, DJ Heinz, GH AF Devney, Carol A. Kondrad, Shannon L. Stebbins, Katherine R. Brittingham, Kevin D. Hoffman, David J. Heinz, Gary H. TI A saltwater flotation technique to identify unincubated eggs SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging eggs; egg flotation; embryonic development; incubation stage; saltwater flotation ID INCUBATION STAGE; AGE; DATE; NESTS AB Field studies on nesting birds sometimes involve questions related to nest initiation dates, length of the incubation period, or changes in parental incubation behavior during various stages of incubation. Some of this information can be best assessed when a nest is discovered before the eggs have undergone any incubation, and this has traditionally been assessed by floating eggs in freshwater. However, because the freshwater method is not particularly accurate in identifying unincubated eggs, we developed a more reliable saltwater flotation method. The saltwater method involves diluting a saturated saltwater solution with freshwater until a salt concentration is reached where unincubated eggs sink to the bottom and incubated eggs float to the surface. For Laughing Gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla), floating eggs in freshwater failed to identify 39.0% (N = 251) of eggs that were subsequently found by candling to have undergone incubation prior to collection. By contrast, in a separate collection of gull eggs, no eggs that passed the saltwater test (N = 225) were found by a later candling to have been incubated prior to collection. For Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), floating eggs in freshwater failed to identify 15.6% (N = 250) of eggs that had undergone incubation prior to collection, whereas in a separate collection, none of the eggs that passed the saltwater test (N = 85) were found by a later candling to have been incubated prior to collection. Immersion of eggs in saltwater did not affect embryo survival. Although use of the saltwater method is likely limited to colonial species and requires calibrating a saltwater solution, it is a faster and more accurate method of identifying unincubated eggs than the traditional method of floating eggs in freshwater. C1 [Devney, Carol A.; Kondrad, Shannon L.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Brittingham, Kevin D.; Hoffman, David J.; Heinz, Gary H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Devney, Carol A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Australian Inst Marine Sci, AIMS JCU, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Kondrad, Shannon L.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stebbins, Katherine R.] US EPA, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Brittingham, Kevin D.] Baltimore Cty Dept Environm Protect & Resource Ma, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. RP Devney, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM carol.devney@jcu.edu.au FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12] FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant number ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank P. Spitzer and M. Hoffman for helping collect eggs in the field, and J. Klimstra for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00208.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 410TS UT WOS:000263601800010 ER PT J AU Oh, DH Pan, YW Berry, E Cooley, M Mandrell, R Breidt, F AF Oh, Deog-Hwan Pan, Youwen Berry, Elaine Cooley, Michael Mandrell, Robert Breidt, Frederick, Jr. TI Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated from Environmental Sources Differ Significantly in Acetic Acid Resistance Compared with Human Outbreak Strains SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID APPLE CIDER; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; REDUCTION TIMES; BEEF-CATTLE; SURVIVAL; O157-H7; PH; TOLERANCE AB A number of studies on the influence of acid on Escherichia coli O157:H7 have shown considerable strain differences, but limited information has been reported to compare the acid resistance based on the different sources of E. coli O157:H7 isolates. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival of E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from five sources (foods, bovine carcasses, bovine feces, water, and human) in 400 mM acetic acid solutions under conditions that are typical of acidified foods. The isolates from bovine carcasses, feces, and water survived acetic acid treatment at pH 3.3 and 30 degrees C significantly (P <= 0.05) better thin did any food or human isolates. However, resistance to acetic acid significantly increased as temperature decreased to 15 degrees C for a given pH, with little (P >= 0.05) difference among the different isolation sources. All groups of E. coli O157:H7 strains showed more than 1.8- to 4.5-log reduction at pH 3.3 and 30 degrees C after 25 min. Significantly reduced (less than 1-log reduction) lethality for all E. coli O157:H7 strain mixtures was observed when pH increased to 3.7 or 4.3, with little difference in acetic acid resistance among the groups. The addition of glutamate to the acetic acid solution or anaerobic incubation provided the best protection compared with the above conditions for all groups of isolates. These results suggest that temperature, pit, and atmospheric conditions are key factors in establishing strategies for improving the safety of acidified foods. C1 [Breidt, Frederick, Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Oh, Deog-Hwan] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. [Pan, Youwen] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Berry, Elaine] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Cooley, Michael; Mandrell, Robert] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fred.breidt@ars.usda.gov FU Pickle Packers International, Inc., Washington, DC; Kangwon National University; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service project [2006-01240] FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Weiming Gu for his technical support of PFGE procedure, Ms. Sandra Parker for excellent secretarial assistance, and Diana Carychao for characterization of some of the strains. This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from Pickle Packers International, Inc., Washington, DC, Kangwon National University, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service project number 2006-01240. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 418HT UT WOS:000264140000008 PM 19343937 ER PT J AU Porto-Fett, ACS Juneja, VK Tamplin, ML Luchansky, JB AF Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Juneja, Vijay K. Tamplin, Mark L. Luchansky, John B. TI Validation of Cooking Times and Temperatures for Thermal Inactivation of Yersinia pestis Strains KIM5 and CDC-A1122 in Irradiated Ground Beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; MEAT; ENTEROCOLITICA; SURVIVAL; PLAGUE; HAMBURGER; PATTIES; WEAPON AB Irradiated ground beef samples (ca. 3-g portions with ca. 25% fat) inoculated with Yersina pestis strain KIM5 (ca. 6.7 log CFU/g) were heated in a circulating water bath stabilized at 48.9, 50, 52.5, 55, 57.5, or 60 degrees C (120, 122, 126.5, 131, 135.5, and 140 degrees F, respectively). Average D-values were 192.17, 34.38, 17.11, 3.87, 1.32, and 0.56 min, respectively, with a corresponding z-value of 4.67 degrees C (8.41 degrees F). In related experiments, irradiated ground beef patties (ca. 95 g per patty with ca. 25% fat) were inoculated with Y. pestis strains KIM5 or CDC-A1122 (ca. 6.0 log CFU/g) and cooked on an open-flame gas grill or on a clam-shell type electric grill to internal target temperatures of 48.9, 60, and 71.1 degrees C (120, 140, and 160 degrees F respectively). For patties cooked on the gas grill, strain KIM5 populations decreased from ca. 6.24 to 4.32, 3.51, and <= 0.7 log CFU/g at 48.9, 60, and 71.1 degrees C, respectively, and strain CDC-A1122 populations decreased to 3.46 log CFU/g at 48.9 degrees C and to <= 0.7 log CFU/g at both 60 and 71.1 degrees C. For patties cooked on the clam-shell grill, strain KIM5 populations decreased from ca. 5.96 to 2.53 log CFU/g at 48.9 degrees C and to <= 0.7 log CFU/g at 60 or 71.1 degrees C, and strain CDC-A1122 populations decreased from ca. 5.98 to <= 0.7 log CFU/g at all three cooking temperatures. These data confirm that cooking ground beef on an open-flame gas grill or on a clam-shell type electric grill to the temperatures and times recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Code, appreciably lessens the likelihood, severity, and/or magnitude of consumer illness if the ground beef were purposefully contaminated even with relatively high levels of Y. pestis. C1 [Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Juneja, Vijay K.; Luchansky, John B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Tamplin, Mark L.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM john.luchansky@ars.usda.gov FU National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center; USDA-FSIS FX We extend our appreciation to the following individuals at the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC) who in large measure contributed to the successful completion of this study by sharing their time, talents. resources, and/or opinions: Brad Shoyer, Rosemary Martinjuk, John Cherry, Angie Martinez, Ellen Sanders, Jeff Call, Saumya Bhaduri, John Phillips, and the ERRC Bio-Security Special Projects Team. For these same reasons, we are extremely grateful to our colleagues at the USDA-FSIS: Lynda Kelley and Robert Phillips (Athens, GA) and Tim Mohr (Washington, DC). This research was supported in part by the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center and by the USDA-FSIS. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 564 EP 571 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 418HT UT WOS:000264140000016 PM 19343945 ER PT J AU Jin, T Liu, LS Sommers, CH Boyd, G Zhang, H AF Jin, Tony Liu, Linshu Sommers, Christopher H. Boyd, Glenn Zhang, Howard TI Radiation Sensitization and Postirradiation Proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-Eat Deli Meat in the Presence of Pectin-Nisin Films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LIPID OXIDATION; COMPOSITE FILMS; TURKEY BOLOGNA; PORK PATTIES; BEEF; SANDWICHES; GROWTH; ELIMINATION AB In this study, the ability of pectin-nisin films in combination with ionizing radiation to eliminate Listeria monocytogenes and inhibit its postirradiation proliferation was evaluated. Pectin films containing 0.025% nisin were made by extrusion. The surface of a ready-to-eat turkey meat sample was inoculated with L. monocytogenes at 106 CFU/cm(2) and covered with a piece of pectin-nisin film. The samples were vacuum packaged and irradiated at 0, 1, and 2 kGy. The treated samples were stored at 10 degrees C and withdrawn at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks for microbial analysis. Reductions in L. monocytogenes viability of 1.42, 1.56, 2.85, 3.78, and 5.36 log CFU/cm(2) were achieved for the treatments of 1 kGy, pectin-nisin film, 2 kGy, 1 kGy plus pectin-nisin film, and 2 kGy plus pectin-nisin film, respectively. The greatest reduction (5.5 log CFU/cm(2)) was observed at I week for the 2 kGy plus pectin-nisin film treatment, Suggesting that nisin was further released from the film to the surface of meat samples. Pectin-nisin films used in this study did not prevent but did significantly slow (P < 0.05) the proliferation of the L. monocytogenes cells that survived irradiation during 8 weeks of storage at 10 degrees C. These data indicate the potential use of pectin-nisin films alone or in combination with ionizing radiation for preventing listeriosis due to postprocessing contamination of ready-to-eat meat products. C1 [Jin, Tony; Sommers, Christopher H.; Boyd, Glenn; Zhang, Howard] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Liu, Linshu] ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Jin, T (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tony.jin@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 644 EP 649 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 418HT UT WOS:000264140000028 PM 19343957 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Gurtler, J Zrang, HQ AF Geveke, David J. Gurtler, Joshua Zrang, Howard Q. TI Inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum in Apple Cider, Using Radio Frequency Electric Fields SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-INNOCUA; MEMBRANE DAMAGE; ORANGE JUICE; APPARATUS; KINETICS; INJURY; AC AB Radio frequency electric fields (RFEF) nonthermal processing effectively inactivates gram-negative bacteria in juices, but has yet to be shown effective at reducing gram-positive bacteria. Apple cider containing Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 49445, a gram-positive bacterium, was RFEF processed under the following conditions: field strength of 0.15 to 15 kV/cm, temperature of 45 to 55 degrees C, frequency of 5 to 65 kHz, treatment time of 170 mu s, and holding time of 5 to 50 s. The effect of refrigerating the inoculated cider prior to processing, the extent of sublethal injury, and the effect of storing the treated cider for 35 days were investigated. The population of L. plantarum was reduced by 1.0 log at 15 kV/cm, 20 kHz, and 50 degrees C, with a 5-s hold time. There is a synergistic effect between RFEF and heat above 50 degrees C. Inactivation significantly (P < 0.05) increased as frequency was decreased from 65 to 5 kHz. Inactivation increased linearly with field above 8 kV/cm. Holding cider at 55 degrees C after RFEF treatment for 5 and 50 s resulted in 2.5- and 3.1-log reductions, respectively. The surviving population was composed of 1.4-log sublethally injured cells. Storing processed cider at 4 degrees C for 35 days steadily and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced L. plantarum from 4.5 to 0.9 log CFU/ml. The electrical energy density was 51 J/ml. This provides the first evidence that nonthermal RFEF processing inactivates gram-positive bacteria, and that surviving cells may die off during refrigerated storage. C1 [Geveke, David J.; Gurtler, Joshua; Zrang, Howard Q.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david.geveke@ars.usda.gov RI Diaz, Belen/B-8946-2012 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 656 EP 661 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 418HT UT WOS:000264140000030 PM 19343959 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Guerini, MN Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, Joseph M. Guerini, Michael N. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Increased Detection of Listeria Species and Listeria monocytogenes in Raw Beef, Using the Assurance GDS Molecular Detection System with Culture Isolation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE LISTERIOSIS; COMMERCIAL METHODS; PROCESSING PLANTS; POULTRY PRODUCTS; MULTIPLEX PCR; STRAINS; SAMPLES; SPP. AB Testing for Listeria is challenging because of its slow growth rate. Recently, we described a rapid Listeria culture isolation method. This method can be improved by utilizing a rapid molecular detection test such as the Assurance GDS tests for Listeria and Listeria monocytogenes. These two methods (culture isolation and Assurance GDS) use different enrichment strategies that may affect the number of Listeria and L. monocytogenes cells detected. Therefore, after first determining that the Assurance GDS accurately identified common Listeria strains isolated from raw beef, the two methods were compared by using paired ground beef samples (n = 256) that had been gathered from commercial sources. The agreement of the two methods was > 76% for the culture and GDS Listeria method and > 77% for the culture and GDS L. monocytogenes method. The molecular tests then were evaluated as endpoint tests in selected culture isolation enrichments. In this comparison, culture isolation and the molecular Listeria test agreed 100 and 84.4% of the time for Listeria-positive and -negative enrichments, respectively. An analysis of the discrepant samples in both experiments revealed that similar to 50% of the samples identified as positive by the molecular method but not by the culture method could be confirmed by subsequent testing, indicating that the immunomagnetic concentration step of the GDS test likely provides a more sensitive level of detection than does culture alone. The culture results were available 2 days earlier when the molecular tests were used instead of plating media. However, because the Assurance GDS Listeria test cannot distinguish L. monocytogenes from other Listeria species such as Listeria innocua, samples containing both species could not be distinguished. C1 [Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Guerini, Michael N.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mick.bosilevac@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 674 EP 679 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 418HT UT WOS:000264140000034 PM 19343963 ER PT J AU Fan, X Kays, SE AF Fan, X. Kays, S. E. TI Formation of Trans Fatty Acids in Ground Beef and Frankfurters due to Irradiation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fatty acid; frankfurter; ground beef; irradiation; trans fat ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; RADIATION; PRODUCTS; ISOMERS; LIPIDS; MEAT; OILS AB This study was conducted to investigate possible formation of trans fatty acids due to irradiation of ground beef and frankfurters. Ground beef and frankfurter samples were irradiated at doses of 0, 1, and 5 kGy at 4 degrees C, and stored at 4 degrees C for 7 d (ground beef) or 3 mo (frankfurters). After irradiation and storage of the samples, trans fatty acids along with other fatty acids were analyzed using a modification of AOAC method 996.01. The results showed that 1 kGy irradiation did not induce any change in trans fatty acid content. However, 5 kGy irradiation caused a small but statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in the dominant trans fatty acid, C18:1 trans, which increased from 3.99% (of total fatty acid) for the nonirradiated ground beef to 4.05% for the 5 kGy sample, and from 1.21% for the nonirradiated frankfurter to 1.28% for the 5 kGy sample. Irradiation had no apparent effect on C16:1 and C18:2 trans fatty acids. In addition, irradiation slightly decreased the relative amount of poly-unsaturated fatty acid of ground beef and frankfurters, particularly after storage. Compared to variations in trans fatty acid content and fatty acid composition occurring naturally in meat and meat products, the changes due to irradiation were negligible. C1 [Fan, X.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Kays, S. E.] ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fan, X (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov FU [nr 1935-41420-054-00D]; [nr 6612-44000-025-00D] FX The authors thank Robyn Johnson of the USDA FSIS Eastern Laboratory, Athens, GA, for homogenization of the samples, Michele Huk and KimSokorai for technical assistance, and Dr. John Phillips for assistance with statistical analysis. The study was conducted as a part of ARS projects nr 1935-41420-054-00D and nr 6612-44000-025-00D. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP C79 EP C84 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01024.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 420EU UT WOS:000264272500002 PM 19323735 ER PT J AU Singh, M Kim, S AF Singh, M. Kim, S. TI Yogurt Fermentation in the Presence of Starch-Lipid Composite SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggregation; fermentation; gelling; viscosity; yogurt ID STEAM JET COOKING; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; STIRRED YOGURTS; MILK POWDER; PROTEIN; FAT; CASEIN; ACID; ACIDIFICATION; MANUFACTURE AB The fermentation of yogurt in the presence of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% starch-lipid composite (SLC) was investigated. The pH, viscosity, and morphology of the mix were monitored during the fermentation process. The rate of drop in pH with time during incubation was not affected by the addition of SLC. However, it was found that the presence of SLC caused faster aggregation, which was clearly evidenced by the viscosity variation during the process of fermentation. An examination of themorphologies confirmed that aggregation occurred earlier in the presence of SLC and SLC did not form phase-separated domains. This study concludes that SLC would serve as a good additive (fat replacer and stabilizer) for the production of yogurt. C1 [Singh, M.; Kim, S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mukti.Singh@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP C85 EP C89 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01028.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 420EU UT WOS:000264272500003 PM 19323736 ER PT J AU Cleveland, TE Carter-Wientjes, CH De Lucca, AJ Boue, SM AF Cleveland, T. E. Carter-Wientjes, C. H. De Lucca, A. J. Boue, S. M. TI Effect of Soybean Volatile Compounds on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; growth inhibition; soybean volatiles ID MAIZE KERNELS; IN-VITRO; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; LIPOXYGENASE; ALDEHYDES; DECAY; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; VARIETIES; CONIDIA AB Soybean homogenates produced volatile compounds upon exposure to lipase. These induced volatiles were identified by SPME. Seventeen volatile compounds identified by SPME were chosen for determination of their ability to inhibit Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1) production in a solid media assay. These volatiles included aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and furans. Of the tested compounds, the aldehydes showed the greatest inhibition of fungal growth and AFB1 production. These compounds inhibited up to 100% of the observed growth and AFB1 production as compared to the controls. The greatest activity by the aldehydes to disrupt growth was ranked as follows: 2,4 hexadienal > benzaldehyde > 2-octenal > (E)-2-heptenal > octanal > (E)-2-hexenal > nonanal > hexanal. The greatest activity by the aldehydes to reduce AFB1 was ranked as follows: (E)-2-hexenal > 2,4 hexadienal > (E)-2-heptenal > hexanal > nonanal. (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-heptenal were tested further in an A. flavus-inoculated corn kernel assay. Both compounds prevented colonization by A. flavus and eliminated AFB1 production when exposed to compound volumes < 10 mu L as also shown in the solid media assay. The results suggest that soybeans react to lipase by production of potent antifungal volatiles. C1 [Cleveland, T. E.; Carter-Wientjes, C. H.; De Lucca, A. J.; Boue, S. M.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Cleveland, TE (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM eclevela@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP H83 EP H87 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01078.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 420EU UT WOS:000264272500036 PM 19323756 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Levin, CE Lee, SU Kozukue, N AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, C. E. Lee, S. -U. Kozukue, N. TI Stability of Green Tea Catechins in Commercial Tea Leaves during Storage for 6 Months SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE degradation; HPLC; storage; tea catechins; tea leaves ID THEAFLAVINS; EXTRACTS; DEGRADATION; ACRYLAMIDE; DIMERS; FLAVONOIDS; DRINKS; EGCG AB To help meet the needs of consumers, producers of dietary tea products, and researchers for information on health-promoting tea ingredients, we determined by HPLC 7 catechins [(-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-catechin (C), (+)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), (-)-gallocatechin 3-gallate (GCG), (-)- epicatechin 3-gallate ( ECG), and (-)- catechin 3-gallate (CG)] in samples of 8 commercial green tea leaves of unknown history sold as tea bags in the United States, Korea, and Japan. The samples were stored at 20 degrees C and sampled at 1 wk and 1, 2, 4, and 6 mo. The following ranges in the initial values ( 0 controls) were observed ( in mg/g tea leaves): EGC and C, 0 to trace amounts; EC, 1.9 to 21.1; EGCG, 13.3 to 113.0; GCG, 0.2 to 1.6; ECG, 5.7 to 50.5; CG 0.5 to 3.7; total catechins 36.5 to 169.7. Statistical analysis of the results and plots of changes in individual and total catechin levels as a function of storage time indicate a progressive decrease in the content in the total levels, most of which is due to losses in the most abundant catechins, EGCG and ECG. Possible mechanisms of degradations of catechins during storage and the possible significance of the results to consumers of tea are discussed. C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Levin, C. E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lee, S. -U.; Kozukue, N.] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 26 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP H47 EP H51 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01033.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 420EU UT WOS:000264272500030 PM 19323750 ER PT J AU Khanal, RC Howard, LR Brownmiller, CR Prior, RL AF Khanal, R. C. Howard, L. R. Brownmiller, C. R. Prior, R. L. TI Influence of Extrusion Processing on Procyanidin Composition and Total Anthocyanin Contents of Blueberry Pomace SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; blueberry pomace; catechin; epicatechin; extrusion; LC/MS; procyanidins; tannins ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; CELL-WALLS; RATS; FOODS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; QUANTIFICATION; POLYPHENOLICS; SPECTROMETRY; PRODUCTS; CEREALS AB Blueberry juice processing by-products are a rich source of procyanidins, which comprise a group of compounds shown to possess numerous health benefits, including protection against coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, and obesity. Most of the procyanidins present in blueberry pomace, however, are large molecular weight compounds that are poorly absorbed and show weak bioactivity compared to the smaller molecular weight monomers and dimers. The objective of our study was to identify optimal extrusion variables to enhance the contents of monomers and dimers at the expense of large molecular weight procyanidin oligomers and polymers. Extrusion variables temperature (160 and 180 degrees C) and screw speed (150 and 200 rpm) were tested using mixtures of blueberry pomace with decorticated white sorghum flour at a ratio of 30: 70 and 45% moisture content. Extrudates were analyzed for procyanidin composition and total anthocyanin content. Extrusion of blueberry pomace increased the monomer, dimer, and trimer contents considerably at both temperature and screw speeds. The highest monomer content, obtained at 180 degrees C and 150 rpm screw speed, was 84% higher than the nonextruded control. Significantly higher levels of dimer and trimer contents were also obtained under these conditions. Increases in monomer, dimer, and trimer contents apparently were the result of reduced polymer contents, which was approximately 40% lower for samples extruded at 180 degrees C temperature and 150 rpm screw speed. Extrusion processing reduced total anthocyanin contents by 33% to 42% indicating that additional treatments are needed to retain the pigments. These results demonstrate that extrusion processing can be used to increase procyanidin monomer and dimers in blueberry pomace. C1 [Khanal, R. C.; Howard, L. R.; Brownmiller, C. R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Prior, R. L.] USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu FU Arkansas Biosciences Inst FX We thank Dr. L. Rooney of the Cereal Quality Lab. at the Texas A& M Univ. for providing decorticated white sorghum and JasperWyman & Son, Milbridge, Mass., U. S. A., for providing blueberry pomace. This work was funded by an Arkansas Biosciences Inst. grant. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP H52 EP H58 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01063.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 420EU UT WOS:000264272500031 PM 19323751 ER PT J AU Laparra, JM Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Laparra, J. M. Glahn, R. P. Miller, D. D. TI Assessing Potential Effects of Inulin and Probiotic Bacteria on Fe Availability from Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Caco-2 Cells SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beans; Caco-2 cells; inulin; iron availability; probiotic ID IRON BIOAVAILABILITY; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; MODEL; RATS; FERMENTATION; POLYPHENOLS; MAGNESIUM; CALCIUM; PHYTATE; QUALITY AB Inulin, a prebiotic, may enhance intestinal Fe absorption. Our objective was to assess the effects of supplemental inulin and 2 probiotic bacteria ( B. infantis and L. acidophillus) on Fe availability to Caco-2 cells from common white and red beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Cooked beans were mixed or not with supplemental inulin (4%, w/w), and then subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion ( pepsin, pH 2; pancreatin, pH 7.2). Subsequently, the digests were incubated overnight with and without B. infantis or L. acidophilus. Ferritin formation in Caco-2 cells was used to evaluate Fe uptake. Total soluble phenols (Folin-Ciocalteau) and phytate (HPLC-electrochemical detection) were quantified, and the flavonoids profile (HPLC-PDA/UV detection) was monitored in the digests. Supplemental inulin did not affect Fe uptake from white nor red beans. Incubation with B. infantis increased total soluble phenols (TSP) in the digests and decreased Fe uptake. Incubation with L. acidophilus decreased TSP in the digest and increased Fe uptake. Variations in Fe uptake were not associated with soluble phytate concentrations in the digests. The largest change in flavonoids profile were found in the digests incubated with L. acidophilus, which decreased the soluble concentration of astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside). These results suggest that certain probiotics could increase Fe uptake from common beans. C1 [Laparra, J. M.; Miller, D. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, R. P.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laparra, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jml259@cornell.edu OI Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 FU Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health (USDA-ARS); Dept. of Food Science at Cornell Univ; Spanish government. FX This study was supported by the Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health (USDA-ARS) and the Dept. of Food Science at Cornell Univ. Dr. Jose Moises Laparra was sponsored as a Fulbright Scholar and supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish government. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP H40 EP H46 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01027.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 420EU UT WOS:000264272500029 PM 19323749 ER PT J AU Sampedro, F Geveke, DJ Fan, X Rodrigo, D Zhang, QH AF Sampedro, F. Geveke, D. J. Fan, X. Rodrigo, D. Zhang, Q. H. TI Shelf-Life Study of an Orange Juice-Milk Based Beverage after PEF and Thermal Processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE juice; milk; pulsed electric field; shelf life; thermal processing ID PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PECTIN METHYLESTERASE; HEAT PASTEURIZATION; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; TOMATO JUICE; INACTIVATION; STABILITY; QUALITY; STORAGE; COLOR AB The effect of thermal and pulsed electric field (PEF) processing on the shelf life of an orange juicemilk beverage (OJMB) was studied. The intensities of the treatments were selected to produce similar inactivation of pectin methyl esterase (PME), an enzyme responsible for the jellification and loss of fresh juice cloudiness. Physical properties (pH,. Brix, and color), microbial population, PME activity, and volatile compounds of the product were analyzed during a 4-wk storage at 8 to 10 degrees C. The pH was not affected by any treatment but decreased during the storage in the untreated sample. The. Brix values were decreased by the 2 treatments. The thermal and PEF treatments initially inactivated PME activity by 90%. During storage, the PME activity remained constant in the 2 treated samples and decreased slightly in the untreated sample. The reductions in bacterial as well as yeast and mold counts were similar after the 2 treatments (4.5 and 4.1 log CFU/mL for thermal against 4.5 and 5 log CFU/mL for PEF). Based on the initial bacterial counts of the control, it was estimated that the shelf lives of the OJMB treated with thermal and PEF processing stored at 8 to 10 degrees C were 2 and 2.5 wk, respectively. Differences were observed in the color parameters of the OJMB between the 2 treatments in comparison with the control, with a higher difference observed in the thermally processed samples. The relative concentration of volatile compounds was higher in OJMB processed by PEF treatment than that in the thermally processed sample. During storage, the loss of volatile compounds was lower in the PEF sample while thermal and control samples had a similar rate of loss. For an OJMB, treatment with PEF achieved the same degree of microbial and enzyme inactivation as the thermal treatment, but better preserved color and volatile compounds. C1 [Geveke, D. J.; Fan, X.; Zhang, Q. H.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Sampedro, F.] CSIC, Inst AgroChem & Food Technol, Valencia 46100, Spain. [Rodrigo, D.] Univ Valencia, Fac Farm, Nutr & Bromatol Area, Valencia 46100, Spain. RP Fan, X (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov OI Rodrigo, Dolores/0000-0001-9854-111X FU Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit at the Eastern Regional Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. FX This research was supported by the Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit at the Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. The author is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for providing a predoctoral grant to the author. The technical assistance of Glenn Boyd, Kim Sokorai, and Zareena Azhuvalappil is gratefully acknowledged. Authors also thank Dr. Tony Jin and Brendan Niemira for reviewing the manuscript. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP S107 EP S112 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01068.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 420EU UT WOS:000264272500052 PM 19323767 ER PT J AU Wang, HJ Wu, LH Tao, QN Miller, DD Welch, RM AF Wang, H-J Wu, L-H Tao, Q-N Miller, D. D. Welch, R. M. TI Glutamine Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen Supplied as a Nitrogen Source Is Not Converted into Nitrate Nitrogen of Plant Tissues of Hydroponically Grown Pak-Choi (Brassica chinensis L.) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonium; glutamine; nitrate accumulation; nitrate concentration; pak-choi (Brassica chinensis L.) ID YIELD; ACID; FORM AB Many vegetables, especially leafy vegetables, accumulate NO(3)(-)-N in their edible portions. High nitrate levels in vegetables constitute a health hazard, such as cancers and blue baby syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine if (1) ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N) and glutamine-nitrogen (Gln-N) absorbed by plant roots is converted into nitrate-nitrogen of pak-choi (Brassica chinensis L.) tissues, and (2) if nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)(-)-N) accumulation and concentration of pak-choi tissues linearly increase with increasing NO(3)(-)-N supply when grown in nutrient solution. In experiment 1, 4 different nitrogen treatments (no nitrogen, NH(4)(+)-N, Gln-N, and NO(3)(-)-N) with equal total N concentrations in treatments with added N were applied under sterile nutrient medium culture conditions. In experiment 2, 5 concentrations of N (from 0 to 48 mM), supplied as NO(3)(-)-N in the nutrient solution, were tested. The results showed that Gln-N and NH(4)(+)-N added to the nutrient media were not converted into nitrate-nitrogen of plant tissues. Also, NO(3)(-)-N accumulation in the pak-choi tissues was the highest when plants were supplied 24 mM NO(3)(-)-N in the media. The NO(3)(-)-N concentration in plant tissues was quadratically correlated to the NO(3)(-)-N concentration supplied in the nutrient solution. C1 [Wang, H-J; Wu, L-H; Tao, Q-N] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Remediat & Ecosyst Hlth, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Miller, D. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Welch, R. M.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, H-J] Sichuan Normal Univ, Coll Geog & Resource Sci, Chengdu 610068, Peoples R China. RP Wu, LH (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Remediat & Ecosyst Hlth, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM lhwu@zju.edu.cn FU Natl. Natural Science Foundation of China [nr 30370838]; Natl. Key Basic Research Special Funds of China [G1999011707] FX This study was supported by the Natl. Natural Science Foundation of China (nr 30370838) and Natl. Key Basic Research Special Funds of China (G1999011707). NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP T21 EP T23 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01023.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 420EU UT WOS:000264272500054 PM 19323774 ER PT J AU Webb, KM Allard, MW AF Webb, Kristen M. Allard, Marc W. TI Mitochondrial Genome DNA Analysis of the Domestic Dog: Identifying Informative SNPs Outside of the Control Region SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; canine; mitochondrial genome; control region; SNP; haplotype; haplogroup ID CANIS-FAMILIARIS; SUBSTITUTION RATE; HAIRS; PSEUDOGENES; SEQUENCE; DATABASE; BREEDS; NUMBER; MTDNA AB While the mitochondrial control region has proven successful for human forensic evaluations by indicating ethnic origin, domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) of seemingly unrelated breeds often form large groups based on identical control region sequences. In an attempt to break up these large haplotype groups, we have analyzed the remaining c. 15,484 base pairs of the canine mitochondrial genome for 79 dogs and used phylogenetic and population genetic methods to search for additional variability in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We have identified 356 SNPs and 65 haplotypes in the remainder of the mitochondrial genome excluding the control region. The exclusion capacity was found to be 0.018. The mitochondrial control region was also evaluated for the same 79 dogs. The signals from the different fragments do not conflict, but instead support one another and provide a larger fragment of DNA that can be analyzed as forensic evidence. C1 [Webb, Kristen M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Allard, Marc W.] US FDA, Mol Methods & Subtyping Branch, Div Microbiol, Off Regulatory Sci,Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Webb, KM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Bldg 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 2 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00952.x PG 14 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 412AI UT WOS:000263695200006 PM 19261050 ER PT J AU Webb, KM Allard, MW AF Webb, Kristen M. Allard, Marc W. TI Identification of Forensically Informative SNPs in the Domestic Dog Mitochondrial Control Region SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; mitochondrial genome; domestic dog; control region; single nucleotide polymorphism; haplotype ID CANIS-FAMILIARIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; D-LOOP; DNA; MTDNA; GENOMES; BREEDS; HAIRS AB Dog hair is often found at crime scenes either due to the dog's involvement in the crime or secondary transfer. As little nuclear DNA is present in shed hair, a 1000 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region (mtCR) from 552 dogs was assessed for forensically useful sequence variation. Through pairwise alignment to a standard reference sequence, existing haplotypes were further described and 36 new haplotypes and 24 new single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. The probability of exclusion was found to be 0.957. Breeds were found to have similar sequences, although not identical. No genetic basis was found for grouping dogs by either purebred or mixed or geographic location within the continental United States. Our research demonstrates that the domestic dog mtCR has not been thoroughly surveyed for sequence variation and that a single database comprised of purebred and mixed breed dogs is sufficient for the continental United States. C1 [Webb, Kristen M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Allard, Marc W.] US FDA, Mol Methods & Subtyping Branch, Div Microbiol, Off Regulatory Sci,Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Webb, KM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Bldg 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 2 BP 289 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00953.x PG 16 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 412AI UT WOS:000263695200007 PM 19261051 ER PT J AU Stewart, SI Wilmer, B Hammer, RB Aplet, GH Hawbaker, TJ Miller, C Radeloff, VC AF Stewart, Susan I. Wilmer, Bo Hammer, Roger B. Aplet, Gregory H. Hawbaker, Todd J. Miller, Carol Radeloff, Volker C. TI Wildland-Urban Interface Maps Vary with Purpose and Context SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland-urban interface; fire policy; GIS; Healthy Forest Restoration Act; National Fire Plan ID UNITED-STATES; 1990S AB Maps of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are both policy tools and powerful visual images. Although the growing number of WUI maps serve similar purposes, this article indicates that WUI maps derived from the same data sets can differ in important ways related to their original intended application. We discuss the use of ancillary data in modifying census data to improve WUI maps and offer a cautionary note about this practice. A comparison of two WUI mapping approaches suggests that no single map is "best" because users' needs vary. The analysts who create maps are responsible for ensuring that users understand their purpose, data, and methods; map users are responsible for paying attention to these features and using each map accordingly. These considerations should apply to any analysis but are especially important to analyses of the Will on which policy decisions will be made. C1 [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Wilmer, Bo] Wilderness Soc, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Hammer, Roger B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Aplet, Gregory H.] Wilderness Soc, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Miller, Carol] Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Stewart, SI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM sistewart@fs.fed.us; bo@tws.org; rhammer@oregonstate.edu; greg_aplet@twe.org; tjhawbaker@gmail.com; cmiller04@fs.fed.us; radeloff@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418SA UT WOS:000264167700008 ER PT J AU Lockhart, BR AF Lockhart, Brian Roy TI Timber and Forest Birds SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lockhart, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM blockhart@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418SA UT WOS:000264167700012 ER PT J AU Jennings, MJ Hatzenbeler, GR Bozek, MA Edwards, C AF Jennings, Martin J. Hatzenbeler, Gene R. Bozek, Michael A. Edwards, Clayton TI Natural and Human Influences on Fish Species Richness in Small North Temperate Lakes: Implications for Bioassessment SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL MINNESOTA LAKES; WISCONSIN LAKES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ASSEMBLAGES; EXTINCTION; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; INDEX AB We developed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models to predict fish species richness as a function of two simple landscape-scale, binary variables (surface water connectivity to other aquatic systems and human riparian development), with lake surface area as the covariate. All three variables were significantly related to species richness and explained 61% of the variance in a data set from 55 limnologically similar lakes in northern Wisconsin. We developed additional ANCOVA models to assess the relative effects of these three variables on four functional species groups, including gamefish, riverine, tolerant, and intolerant species. The number of gamefish species was greater in lakes with riparian development than in undeveloped lakes; this is probably related to introductions by management agencies and anglers. Connectivity increased the number of riverine species and intolerant species. Intolerant species may be more abundant because connecting streams provide colonization routes and decrease time between periodic extirpation and recolonization events. In addition, flowing water connections may provide a refuge from winter hypoxia and decrease extirpation rates of intolerant A species. Tolerant fishes were ubiquitous on the landscape and unaffected by the measured variables. Because simple landscape variables can dominate assemblage dynamics of small takes, and human-mediated introductions can increase species richness at low and moderate levels of disturbance, the use of fish as biological indicators for small lake assessment is not practical. C1 [Jennings, Martin J.; Hatzenbeler, Gene R.] Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. [Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Edwards, Clayton] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Jennings, MJ (reprint author), Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 810 W Maple St, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. EM martin.jennings@wisconsin.gov FU EPA [X7-83254601]; USDA Forest Service Joint-Venture Agreements [23-97-10, 23-95-55]; Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Grant [F-95-P] FX We gratefully acknowledge the field assistance of Kendra Carlson, Paul Letsos, Kent Bass, Gervase Thompson, and Paula Anderson. Ed Emmons contributed to an early draft of this manuscript; we would also like to thank Anthony Ives and Christine Ribic for their insightful comments on the early draft. John Lyons provided additional review that improved the manuscript. This study was supported by EPA (X7-83254601). Additional support was provided by USDA Forest Service Joint-Venture Agreements (23-97-10 and 23-95-55) and Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Grant #F-95-P to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1080/02705060.2009.9664260 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408KQ UT WOS:000263434300002 ER PT J AU Stinard, PS Kermicle, JL Sachs, MM AF Stinard, Philip S. Kermicle, Jerry L. Sachs, Martin M. TI The Maize enr System of r1 Haplotype-Specific Aleurone Color Enhancement Factors SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE dominant color enhancer; epistatic interactions; Fcu; r1 locus; transposable elements; zea mays ID CONTROLLING ELEMENTS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; ZEA-MAYS; PARAMUTATION; GENE; LOCUS; MUTATION; FCU AB We describe a family of 3 dominant r1 haplotype-specific enhancers of aleurone color in Zea mays. Stable alleles of the 3 enhancement of r1 loci (enr1, enr2, and enr3) intensify aleurone color conferred by certain pale and near-colorless r1 haplotypes. In addition, unstable alleles of enr1 act on the same set of r1 haplotypes, producing spotted kernels. Components of this instability cross react with the Fcu system of instability. Two of the enr loci are linked with one another but none of the 3 are linked with r1. The r1 haplotypes affected by enr alleles overlap those affected by the inr family of r1 haplotype-specific inhibitors of aleurone color, suggesting a possible interaction. C1 [Stinard, Philip S.; Sachs, Martin M.] USDA ARS, Pathol Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Sachs, Martin M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Kermicle, Jerry L.] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sachs, MM (reprint author), Maize Genet Cooperat Stock Ctr, S-123 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM msachs@uiuc.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [3611-21000-022-00]; United States Department of Agriculture/National Research Initiative Award [35301-13314] FX United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Project Number (3611-21000-022-00 to M. M. S.); United States Department of Agriculture/National Research Initiative Award (35301-13314 to J. L. K.). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 100 IS 2 BP 217 EP 228 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn091 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 408FD UT WOS:000263420000010 PM 18974402 ER PT J AU Simko, I AF Simko, Ivan TI Development of EST-SSR Markers for the Study of Population Structure in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE database; EST; in silico; Lactuca; microsatellites; population structure ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SEQUENCES; LIBRARIES; INDIVIDUALS; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE; NUMBER AB A set of 61 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was developed from the 19 523 Lactuca sativa and Lactuca serriola unigenes. Approximately 4.5% of the unigenes contained a perfect SSR at least 20 bp long, corresponding to roughly 1 perfect SSR per 14.7 kb. Marker polymorphism was tested on a set comprising 96 accessions representing all major horticultural types and 3 wild species (L. serriola, Lactuca saligna, and Lactuca virosa). Both the average marker heterozygosity (UHe = 0.32) and the number of different alleles per locus (Na = 3.56) were significantly reduced in expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSRs as compared with anonymous SSRs (UHe = 0.59, Na = 5.53). Marker transfer rate to the wild species corresponded to the decreasing sexual compatibility with L. sativa and was higher for EST-SSRs (100% L. serriola, 87% L. saligna, and 75% L. virosa) than for anonymous SSRs (93%, 66%, and 42%, respectively). Assessment of population structure among 90 L. sativa cultivars with SSRs was in good agreement with classification into the horticultural types. The average marker heterozygosity was smallest in iceberg (0.097), Latin (0.140), and romaine-type (0.151) cultivars while highest in leaf (green leaf 0.208 and red leaf 0.240) lettuces. The level of marker heterozygosity is in accord with morphological variability observed in different horticultural types. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Ivan.Simko@ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 FU California Lettuce Research Board FX California Lettuce Research Board NR 36 TC 52 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 100 IS 2 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn072 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 408FD UT WOS:000263420000016 PM 18796462 ER PT J AU Sparks, D Yates, IE Bertrand, PF Brenneman, TB AF Sparks, D. Yates, I. E. Bertrand, P. F. Brenneman, T. B. TI The relative impacts of elevation and rainy days on the incidence of scab damage of pecan nuts in the southeastern USA SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM; INFECTION; PATTERNS; LEAVES AB The fungus, Fusicladosporium effusum (G. Winters) Partridge & Morgan-Jones, causes scab disease in pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] in the southeastern USA. Infections of the fruit shuck severely reduce nut production and could be minimised with a greater understanding of the ecology of the disease. We investigated the relative impacts of rain and elevation on the incidence of scab, as noted by a decline in nut weight. Data on the suppression of nut growth (weights from sprayed trees - weights from unsprayed trees) due to scab were collected from 18 orchards within ten counties in southern Georgia over 6 years, along with rainfall and elevation data from the National Climatic Data Center. Stepwise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that scab-mediated inhibition of nut growth decreased with elevation, but increased with the maximum rain period in April, June, July, and August (R(2) = 0.82). Elevation had twice the effect of rain on the reduction in nut growth due to scab. Substituting total days of rain for the maximum rain period in June, June to July, or June to August, did not improve the relationship. Thus, within the June, June to July, or June to August intervals, scab damage was directly proportional to the single, longest wet period in each period and to orchard elevation. Although damage was most severe in June, the rain effect was cumulative and was greatest from June to August. These results demonstrate the importance of elevation for commercial pecan production, and the susceptibility of the nut to wet periods when the fruit are rapidly elongating and expanding. Spores released from scab lesions on young leaves during the Spring can infect fruit over the Summer, indicating the need for applications of fungicide before flowering. C1 [Sparks, D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yates, I. E.] ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Bertrand, P. F.; Brenneman, T. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Sparks, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ds@uga.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 527TI UT WOS:000272389000005 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JM Lowry, B Choi, M Bolster, CH AF Jacobs, Jennifer M. Lowry, Brian Choi, Minha Bolster, Carl H. TI GOES Solar Radiation for Evapotranspiration Estimation and Streamflow Prediction SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SURFACE INSOLATION; SATELLITE DATA; WATER-BALANCE; INPUT; EVAPORATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; ERRORS AB This study explores the value of incoming solar radiation estimates derived from geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) as an alternative solar radiation data source to historical solar radiation estimates for use in rainfall-runoff simulations. At 26 sites in the United States, the GOES-based solar radiation (R(2)=0.79) and ET(p) (R(2)=0.94) estimates agreed well with the ground-based estimates. There was a slight positive bias for the GOES-based solar radiation (5.4%) and potential evapotranspiration (8.7%) estimates compared to the ground-based estimates, with the strong and significant biases noted during the warm seasons. However, individual stations biases ranged from -12 to 27%. Daily streamflow predictions made using National Weather Service River Forecast System's Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting rainfall-runoff model for four NOAA Distributed Model Intercomparison Project watersheds show that although notable peak storm flow differences occurred occasionally during extended drying periods, on average, the GOES-based potential evapotranspiration estimates slightly outperformed the simulations using ground-based data on an annual basis and were relatively insensitive to biases. However, on seasonal time scales, differences in soil water storage are evident and can result in numerous moderate differences in streamflow predictions. C1 [Jacobs, Jennifer M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lowry, Brian] LFR Inc, Sandy Hook, CT 06482 USA. [Choi, Minha] Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Bolster, Carl H.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Jacobs, JM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jennifer.jacobs@unh.edu FU National Weather Service [DG133W-03-CN-0029] FX Research was supported by the National Weather Service Contract No. DG133W-03-CN-0029. The writers are grateful to Mike Smith and Qingyun Duan for their assistance in the early stages of this work. Michael Pierce, River Forecast Center, NWS, Tulsa, Okla., is thanked for providing parameters needed to run daily SAC-SMA simulations. The input from two anonymous reviewers is gratefully acknowledged. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2009)14:3(293) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 407YY UT WOS:000263401400010 ER PT J AU Lipatov, AS Kwon, YK Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Swayne, DE AF Lipatov, Aleksandr S. Kwon, Yong Kuk Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Swayne, David E. TI Pathogenesis of H5N1 Influenza Virus Infections in Mice and Ferret Models Differs According to Respiratory Tract or Digestive System Exposure SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 16-19, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA ID AVIAN-INFLUENZA; A H5N1; HIGH PATHOGENICITY; CHICKEN MEAT; HUMANS; ASIA; TRANSMISSION; CATS; PATHOBIOLOGY; INACTIVATION AB Background. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data suggest that H5N1 influenza viruses are transmitted through and predominantly affect the respiratory system of mammals. Some data suggest digestive system involvement. However, direct evidence of alimentary transmission and infection in mammals is lacking. Methods. Infection with and pathogenesis of 4 H5N1 viruses were assessed in mice and ferrets inoculated intra-nasally or intragastrically with virus in liquid. In addition, ferrets were fed infected raw chicken meat or minced meat administered into the stomach by gavage with a tube. Results. Only one virus, A/Whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05, was able to infect mice after intragastric inoculation in liquid, whereas no evidence of infection was observed in ferrets after intragastric inoculation. Consumption of infected meat by ferrets resulted in respiratory system infection only (due to A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/209/05 and A/Whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 viruses) or in both severe respiratory and systemic infection with predominant involvement of the liver, pancreas, and large and small intestine (due to A/Vietnam/1203/04 virus). Direct intragastric exposure to infected meat (A/Vietnam/1203/04 virus) resulted in lethal systemic disease mainly affecting the intestine, liver, and pancreas but not involving the lungs. Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that exposure of the digestive system to H5N1 influenza viruses could initiate infection either through the tonsil, with spread to respiratory tissues, or through intestinal infection, with spread to the liver and pancreas. C1 [Lipatov, Aleksandr S.; Kwon, Yong Kuk; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.; Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM david.swayne@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 5 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1086/596740 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 406ND UT WOS:000263301300017 PM 19210164 ER PT J AU Zhao, F Stanley, D Wang, Y Zhu, F Lei, CL AF Zhao, Fu Stanley, David Wang, Yong Zhu, Fen Lei, Chao-Liang TI Eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to a mollicute bacterium in larvae of the blowfly, Chrysomya megacephala SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insect immunity; Nodulation; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Eicosanoids; Chrysomya megacephala ID NODULE FORMATION; INFECTIONS; INSECTS AB Nodulation is the temporally and quantitatively most important cellular defense response to bacterial, fungal and some viral infections in insects. We tested the hypothesis that prostaglandins and other eicosanoids are responsible for mediating nodulation reactions to bacterial infection in larvae of the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala. Third-instar larvae treated with Ureaplasma urealyticum formed nodules in a challenge dose-dependent manner. Nodulation was evoked shortly after injection and reached a maximum of approximately 25 nodules/larva within 8 h. Larvae treated with the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone and the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and piroxicam were impaired in their ability to form nodules following U. urealyticum infection. The number of nodules decreased with increasing doses of piroxicam. Contrarily, treating larvae with the lipooxygenase inhibitor, esculetin, and the dual cyclooxygenase/lipooxygenase inhibitor, phenidone did not influence nodulation reactions to infection. Supplying dexamethasone-treated larvae with the eicosanoid precursor, arachidonic acid, reversed the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on nodulation. We infer from these results that eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to infection of a bacterial species that lacks cell walls in larvae of the blowfly, C. megacephala. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Fu; Wang, Yong; Zhu, Fen; Lei, Chao-Liang] Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Insect Resources Utilizat & Sustainable P, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Stanley, David] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Lei, CL (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Insect Resources Utilizat & Sustainable P, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. EM ioir@mail.hzau.edu.cn FU National Facilities and Information Infrastructure for Science and Technology Program [2005DKA21105] FX This article reports the results of research only and mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for its use by the USDA. This research was supported by National Facilities and Information Infrastructure for Science and Technology Program (2005DKA21105). NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 55 IS 3 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.10.018 PG 5 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 421XN UT WOS:000264391700002 PM 19071132 ER PT J AU Aluja, M Ordano, M Teal, PEA Sivinski, J Garcia-Medel, D Anzures-Dadda, A AF Aluja, Martin Ordano, Mariano Teal, Peter E. A. Sivinski, John Garcia-Medel, Dario Anzures-Dadda, Alberto TI Larval feeding substrate and species significantly influence the effect of a juvenile hormone analog on sexual development/performance in four tropical tephritid flies SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methoprene; Juvenile hormone analog; Mating behavior; Oviposition behavior; Anastrepha; Tephritidae ID PHEROMONE RELEASE ACTIVITIES; ANASTREPHA-STRIATA DIPTERA; FRUIT-FLY; PSEUDALETIA-UNIPUNCTA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LUDENS DIPTERA; ARMYWORM MOTHS; BEHAVIOR; HOST; PATTERNS AB The juvenile hormone OH) analog methoprene reduces the amount of time it takes laboratory-reared Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly) males to reach sexual maturity by almost half. Here, we examined if methoprene exerted a similar effect on four other tropical Anostrepha species (Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha serpentina and Anastrepha striata) reared on natural hosts and exhibiting contrasting life histories. in the case of A. ludens, we worked with two populations that derived from Casimiroa greggii (ancestral host, larvae feed on seeds) and Citrus paradisi (exotic host, larvae feed on pulp). We found that the effects of methoprene, when they occurred, varied according to species and, in the case of A. ludens, according to larval host. For example, in the case of the two A. ludens populations the effect of methoprene on first appearance of male calling behavior and number of copulations was only apparent in flies derived from C. greggii. In contrast, males derived from C paradisi called and mated almost twice as often and females started to lay eggs almost I day earlier than individuals derived from C. greggii, but in this case there was no significant effect of treatment (methoprene) only a significant host effect. There were also significant host and host by treatment interactions with respect to egg clutch size. A. ludens females derived from C paradisi laid significantly more eggs per clutch and total number of eggs than females derived from C. greggii. With respect to the multiple species comparisons, the treatment effect was consistent for A. ludens, occasional in A. serpentina (e.g., calling by males, clutch size), and not apparent in the cases of A. obliqua and A. striata. Interestingly, with respect to Clutch size, in the cases of A. ludens and A. serpentina, the treatment effect followed opposite directions: positive in the case of A. ludens and negative in the case of A. serpentina. We center Our discussion on two hypotheses (differential physiology and larval-food), and also interpret our results in light of the life history differences exhibited by the different species we compared. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aluja, Martin; Garcia-Medel, Dario; Anzures-Dadda, Alberto] Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. [Ordano, Mariano] Fdn Miguel Lilla CIRPON, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Teal, Peter E. A.; Sivinski, John] USDA ARS, Agr & Vet Entomol, Ctr Med, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol, AC Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. EM martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx OI Ordano, Mariano/0000-0003-0962-973X NR 49 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 55 IS 3 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.11.013 PG 12 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 421XN UT WOS:000264391700007 PM 19101560 ER PT J AU Toka, FN Nfon, CK Dawson, H Estes, DM Golde, WT AF Toka, Felix N. Nfon, Charles K. Dawson, Harry Estes, D. Mark Golde, William T. TI Activation of Porcine Natural Killer Cells and Lysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infected Cells SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION; NK CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; PERFORIN EXPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GRANZYME-B; IL-12; INTERFERON; SWINE AB Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in innate response against viral infections and cellular transformation. In vivo modulation of their response may enhance their antiviral function. Here we describe the phenotype of porcine NK cells, test potential proinflammatory cytokines for activation of these cells and assess the capability of porcine NK cells to kill virus-infected or tumor cells in vitro. The CD2(+)/CD8(+)/CD3(-) cell compartment contained porcine NK cells, which at the resting stage were minimally cytotoxic toward foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-infected porcine cells or tumor cell lines. Direct stimulation of NK cells with proinflammatory cytokines induced efficient lysis of FMDV-infected cells with interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-15 showing the highest stimulatory capacity. Lower levels of NK cell activation were induced by IL-12, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-alpha, however, IL-12 and IL-18 synergistically activated NK cells. Combinations of IL-15 and IL-12 or IL-15 and IL-18 did not further increase the porcine NK cell lytic capability over IL-15 alone. Natural killer cells expressed IFN-gamma regardless of the cytokine used for stimulation while expression of perforin increased modestly. The enhancement of porcine NK cell activity by proinflammatory cytokines offers a promising tool for development of antiviral approaches against virus infection. C1 [Toka, Felix N.; Nfon, Charles K.; Golde, William T.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Toka, Felix N.] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Preclin Sci, Warsaw, Poland. [Dawson, Harry] ARS, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Estes, D. Mark] Univ Texas Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX USA. [Estes, D. Mark] Univ Texas Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX USA. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM william.golde@ars.usda.gov RI Toka, Felix/C-4853-2011; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [1940-32000-052-00D, 1265-32000-087-00]; Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate and USDA [60-1940-8-037]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX This work was supported by grants CRIS # 1940-32000-052-00D from the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) ( to W. T. G.), CRIS # 1265-32000-087-00 from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA ( to H. D.), and interagency agreement number 60-1940-8-037, between the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate and USDA ( to W. T. G. and D. M. E.). C. K. N. was the recipient of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the USDA. We thank Dr. Janice Endsley, UTMB Galveston, for her assistance in initiating these studies and the animal care staff at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center for their professional support and assistance. Finally, we thank the members of the Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit for their support, consultation, and discussion of this work. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 179 EP 192 DI 10.1089/jir.2008.0058 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 413CH UT WOS:000263770000005 PM 19196070 ER PT J AU Vaughan, PJ Ayars, JE AF Vaughan, Peter J. Ayars, James E. TI Noise Reduction Methods for Weighing Lysimeters SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BALANCE METHOD; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; CROP COEFFICIENTS; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ADVECTIVE ENVIRONMENT AB Mechanical vibration of the grass and crop weighing lysimeters, located at the University of California West Side Field Research and Extension Station at Five Points, Calif. generated noise in lysimeter mass measurements and reduced the quality of evapotranspiration (ET) data. The estimated power spectral density (PSD) for grass lysimeter mass data acquired at 1.3 ms intervals contained a large peak at 11 Hz. Crop lysimeter data produced similar peaks at frequencies greater than 1 Hz. An effective method for eliminating this noise source is arithmetic averaging of the data, which should be acquired sufficiently rapidly to avoid aliasing. The PSD also increased with decreasing frequency in the range 1.0-0.1 Hz. This noise was addressed by Savitsky-Golay (SG) filtering using 7-, 11-, and 15-point filters. Each filter was applied to the same data set consisting of 2,560 measurements taken during a 1-min interval every 10 min over a 26.3-h period. Noise reduction factors, defined as the ratio of standard deviation of filtered lysimeter mass to standard deviation of unfiltered mean values of lysimeter mass for subsequences of the same data, were 0.90, 0.88, and 0.86 for the 7-, 11-, and 15-point filters, respectively. For the daytime data only, the factors were 0.88, 0.85, and 0.83. The SG filters were more effective during daytime when most of the lysimeter ET occurs. These methods are simple enough to be programmed into commercially available dataloggers for real time filtering. Hourly averages of the standard deviations of lysimeter mass measurements bear a distinct nonlinear relationship to hourly mean wind speed confirming earlier suppositions that wind loading causes noise in counterbalanced weighing lysimeters. C1 [Vaughan, Peter J.; Ayars, James E.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Vaughan, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM peter.vaughan@ars.usda.gov; james.ayars@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 135 IS 2 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2009)135:2(235) PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 418MQ UT WOS:000264152700014 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Sim, XL Ong, TH Wong, TY Saw, SM Aung, T Kathiresan, S Orho-Melander, M Ordovas, JM Tan, JT Seielstad, M AF Tai, E. Shyong Sim, Xue Ling Ong, Twee Hee Wong, Tien Yin Saw, Seang Mei Aung, Tin Kathiresan, Sekar Orho-Melander, Marju Ordovas, Jose M. Tan, Jonathan T. Seielstad, Mark TI Polymorphisms at newly identified lipid-associated loci are associated with blood lipids and cardiovascular disease in an Asian Malay population SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetics; ethnic group; coronary heart disease ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; GLOBAL BURDEN; LDL; TRIGLYCERIDES; PREVENTION; RISK AB We conducted a cross-sectional study of Malay articipants aged 40-80 years (n = 2,932) to examine the associations between polymorphisms at newly identified, lipid-associated loci with blood lipid levels and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Malay population in Asia. A polymorphism adjacent to the TRIB1 locus (rs17321515) was associated with elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) after adjustment for age and sex (both P values <0.007) and with increased risk of coronary heart disease and CVD [odds ratio (OR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03-1.46; and OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.02-1.42, respectively] under an additive model of inheritance. In addition, using recessive models of inheritance, polymorphisms on chromosome 19 adjacent to the CILP2 and PBX4 loci (rs16996148) and on chromosome 1 at the GALNT2 locus (rs4846914) were associated with elevated HDL-C (P = 0.005) and lower LDL-C (P = 0.048), respectively. Although novel, the former is consistent with the association between this polymorphism and lower blood triglycerides observed in the initial studies conducted in populations of European ancestry. Neither showed statistically significant association with CVD. These observations should form the basis of further investigation to identify the causative polymorphisms at this locus, and also to understand the mechanistic roles that this protein may play in lipoprotein metabolism in Asians and other populations.-Tai, E. S., X. L. Sim, T. H. Ong, T. Y. Wong, S. M. Saw, T. Aung, S. Kathiresan, M. Orho-Melander, J. M. Ordovas, J. T. Tan, and M. Seielstad. Polymorphisms at newly identified lipid-associated loci are associated with blood lipids and cardiovascular disease in an Asian Malay population. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 514-520. C1 [Tai, E. Shyong] Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. [Sim, Xue Ling; Tan, Jonathan T.] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Mol Epidemiol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Wong, Tien Yin; Saw, Seang Mei; Aung, Tin] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore 117595, Singapore. [Saw, Seang Mei] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Community Occupat & Family Med, Singapore 117595, Singapore. [Ong, Twee Hee; Seielstad, Mark] Genome Inst Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. [Wong, Tien Yin] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Eye Res Australia, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Kathiresan, Sekar] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Orho-Melander, Marju] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Diabet & Endocrinol, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tai, ES (reprint author), Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. EM eshyong@pacific.net.sg OI Seielstad, Mark/0000-0001-5783-1401; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU National Medical Research Council [0796/2003, 0863/2004, CSI/0002/2005]; Biomedical Research Council [501/1/25-5]; Genome Institute of Singapore; Singapore Tissue Network; Ministry of Health, Singapore FX This study was supported by the National Medical Research Council, Grants 0796/2003, 0863/2004, and CSI/0002/2005, and Biomedical Research Council Grant 501/1/25-5. Additional support was provided by the Genome Institute of Singapore, the Singapore Tissue Network, and the Ministry of Health, Singapore. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.1194/jlr.M800456-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 406TK UT WOS:000263317600016 PM 18987386 ER PT J AU Junyent, M Tucker, KL Smith, CE Garcia-Rios, A Mattei, J Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM AF Junyent, Mireia Tucker, Katherine L. Smith, Caren E. Garcia-Rios, Antonio Mattei, Josiemer Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Ordovas, Jose M. TI The effects of ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms on plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations depend on smoking habit in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE interaction; atherosclerosis; reverse cholesterol transport ID LIVER-X-RECEPTOR; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; IN-VIVO; PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVATION; ABCG8; BINDING; METABOLISM; TRANSPORTERS AB Low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis, and concentrations are modulated by genetic factors and environmental factors such as smoking. Our objective was to assess whether the association of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ABCG5/G8 (i18429G > A, i7892T > C, Gln604GluC > G, 5U145A>C, Tyr54CysA>G, Asp19HisG>C, i14222A>G, and Thr400LysC>A) genes with HDL-C differs according to smoking habit. ABCG5/G8 SNPs were genotyped in 845 participants (243 men and 602 women). ABCG5/G8 (i7892T>C, 5U145A>C, Tyr54CysA>G, Thr400LysC>A) SNPs were significantly associated with HDL-C concentrations (P<0.001-0.013) by which carriers of the minor alleles at the aforementioned polymorphisms and homozygotes for the Thr400 allele displayed lower HDL-C. A significant gene-smoking interaction was found, in which carriers of the minor alleles at ABCG5/G8 (Gln604GluC>G, Asp19HisG>C, i14222A>G) SNPs displayed lower concentrations of HDL-C only if they were smokers (P = 0.001-0.025). Also, for ABCG8_Thr400LysC>A SNP, smokers, but not nonsmokers, homozygous for the Thr400 allele displayed lower HDL-C (P = 0.004). Further analyses supported a significant haplotype global effect on lowering HDL-C (P = 0.002) among smokers. In conclusion, ABCG5/G8 genetic variants modulate HDL-C concentrations, leading to an HDL-C-lowering effect and thereby a potential increased risk for atherosclerosis only in smokers.-Junyent, M., K. L. Tucker, C. E. Smith, A. Garcia-Rios, J. Mattei, C-Q. Lai, L. D. Parnell, and J. M. Ordovas. The effects of ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms on plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations depend on smoking habit in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 565-573. C1 [Junyent, Mireia; Tucker, Katherine L.; Smith, Caren E.; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Mattei, Josiemer; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging [5P01AG-023394-02]; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK-075030]; United States Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-0-001]; Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [2007-1086] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Grant Number 5P01AG-023394-02, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Grant HL-54776, and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Grant DK-075030; and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-0-001 from the United States Department of Agriculture Research Service. M. J. is supported by a grant from the Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (reference 2007-1086). NR 45 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.1194/jlr.P800041-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 406TK UT WOS:000263317600021 PM 19005228 ER PT J AU Jakes, JE Frihart, CR Beecher, JF Moon, RJ Resto, PJ Melgarejo, ZH Suarez, OM Baumgart, H Elmustafa, AA Stone, DS AF Jakes, J. E. Frihart, C. R. Beecher, J. F. Moon, R. J. Resto, P. J. Melgarejo, Z. H. Suarez, O. M. Baumgart, H. Elmustafa, A. A. Stone, D. S. TI Nanoindentation near the edge SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC QUARTER SPACE; INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; LAYERED SPECIMEN; HARDNESS; MODULUS; COMPOSITES; INDENTER; LOAD AB Whenever a nanoindent is placed near an edge, such as the free edge of the specimen or heterophase interface intersecting the surface, the elastic discontinuity associated with the edge produces artifacts in the load-depth data. Unless properly handled in the data analysis, the artifacts can produce spurious results that obscure any real trends in properties as functions of position. Previously, we showed that the artifacts can be understood in terms of a structural compliance, C(s), which is independent of the size of the indent. In the present work, the utility of the SYS (Stone, Yoder, Sproul) correlation is demonstrated in its ability to remove the artifacts caused by C(s). We investigate properties: (i) near the surface of an extruded polymethyl methacrylate rod tested in cross section, (ii) of compound corner middle lamellae of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) surrounded by relatively stiff wood cell walls, (iii) of wood cell walls embedded in a polypropylene matrix with some poorly bonded wood-matrix interfaces, (iv) of AlB(2) particles embedded in an aluminum matrix, and (v) of silicon-on-insulator thin film on substrate near the free edge of the specimen. C1 [Jakes, J. E.; Resto, P. J.; Melgarejo, Z. H.; Stone, D. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jakes, J. E.; Frihart, C. R.; Beecher, J. F.; Moon, R. J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Suarez, O. M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Baumgart, H.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Baumgart, H.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Stone, D. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Stone, DS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dsstone@wisc.edu RI Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016; OI Suarez, Oscar/0000-0002-3797-4787 NR 34 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 27 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1016 EP 1031 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0076 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460ST UT WOS:000267208100047 ER PT J AU Puthoff, JB Jakes, JE Cao, H Stone, DS AF Puthoff, J. B. Jakes, J. E. Cao, H. Stone, D. S. TI Investigation of thermally activated deformation in amorphous PMMA and Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glasses with broadband nanoindentation creep SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; INDENTATION CREEP; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; HARDNESS; FLOW; DEPENDENCE AB The development of nanoindentation test systems with high data collection speeds has made possible a novel type of indentation creep test: broadband nanoindentation creep (BNC). Using, the high density of data points generated and analysis techniques that can model the instantaneous projected indent area at all times during a constant-load indentation experiment, BNC call reveal materials properties across a range of strain rates spanning up to five decades (10(-4)-10 s(-1)). BNC experiments aimed at measuring activation parameters for plasticity were conducted oil three systems: two Zr-based bulk metallic glasses and poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The results give insight into the operation of the deformation mechanisms present in the test materials, including the dependence of the deformation rate on the hydrostatic component of the stress for PMMA and the form of the activation energy function for the metallic glasses. C1 [Puthoff, J. B.; Jakes, J. E.; Cao, H.; Stone, D. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jakes, J. E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Stone, DS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dsstone@wisc.edu RI Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1279 EP 1290 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0145 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460ST UT WOS:000267208100074 ER PT J AU Kothera, L Zimmerman, EM Richards, CM Savage, HM AF Kothera, Linda Zimmerman, Erin M. Richards, Christopher M. Savage, Harry M. TI Microsatellite Characterization of Subspecies and Their Hybrids in Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes Along a North-South Transect in the Central United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens complex; Culex quinquefasciatus; hybridization; microsatellites; transect ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; DIFFERENT HABITAT TYPES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; INFECTION RATES; SHELBY COUNTY; QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; ACTIVITY PATTERNS AB Mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex, Cx. p. pipiens L. and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus Say are morphologically similar and important vectors of West Nile and St. Louis Encephalitis viruses in the United States. The subspecies differ with respect to overwintering strategies, with Cx. p, pipiens entering diapause in response to winter conditions and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus lacking this ability, yet they hybridize when found in sympatry. Specimens (n = 646) were collected using gravid traps set along a transect from New Orleans, LA, to Chicago, IL. Microsatellite markers were used to: genetically characterize subspecies and hybrids, determine the degree and extent of hybridization to better define the hybrid zone, and examine the efficacy of hybrid detection between microsatellites and a single-gene assay based on the acetylcholinesterase 2 gene (HotAce.2). The results support the presence of two distinct genetic entities, with a broad, stable hybrid zone in between. Admixture analyses classified >40% of individuals as hybrids. Allelic richness was markedly different at the northern and southern ends of the transect, and there was a significant isolation by distance effect. The hybrid zone seems to be wider and extends further to the south than previous work indicated, and as a result, we propose new boundaries compared with those indicated by a previous study. Microsatellites detected more hybrids than the HotAce.2 assay, although the latter assay remains useful as a screening tool. We suggest that the parental subspecies and the hybrid zone are maintained by heterosis combined with selection for diapause at northern latitudes. C1 [Kothera, Linda; Zimmerman, Erin M.; Savage, Harry M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Richards, Christopher M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kothera, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM LKothera@cdc.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 57 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 236 EP 248 DI 10.1603/033.046.0208 PG 13 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800008 PM 19351074 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Dowd, SE Sun, Y Saldivar, L Willey, GB MacMil, SL Najar, F Roe, BA Foil, LD AF Guerrero, Felix D. Dowd, Scot. E. Sun, Yan Saldivar, Leonel Willey, Graham B. MacMil, Simone L. Najar, Fares Roe, Bruce A. Foil, Lane D. TI Microarray Analysis of Female- and Larval-Specific Gene Expression in the Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritans; microarrays; gene expression analysis; pyrosequencing ID SEX-BIASED GENES; MALE GERM-CELLS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; IRRITANS DIPTERA; EVOLUTION; TOOL; TRANSCRIPTOME; PROTEINS; CLONING; KINASE AB The horn fly, Haematobia irritans L., is an obligate blood-feeding parasite of cattle, and control of this pest is a Continuing problem because the fly is becoming resistant to pesticides. Dominant conditional lethal gene systems are being studied as population control technologies against agricultural pests. One Of the Components of these systems is a female-specific gene promoter that drives expression of a lethality-inducing gene. To identify candidate genes to supply this promoter, microarrays were designed front a horn fly expressed sequence tag (EST) database and probed to identify female-specific and larval-specific gene expression. Analysis of dye swap experiments found 4:32 and,117 transcripts whose expression levels were higher or lower in adult female flies, respectively, compared with adult male flies. Additionally, 419 and 871 transcripts were identified whose expression levels were higher or lower in first-instar larvae compared with adult flies, respectively. Three transcripts were expressed more highly in adult females flies compared with adult males and also higher in the first-instar larval lifestage compared with adult flies. One of these transcripts, a putative nanos ortholog, has a high female-to-male expression ratio, a moderate expression level in first-instar larvae, and has been well characterized in Drosophila. melanogaster (Meigen). In conclusion, we used microarray technology, verified by reverse transcriptase-poly in erase chain reaction and massively parallel pyrosequencing, to study life stage- and sex-specific gene expression in the horn fly and identified three gene candidates for detailed evaluation its a gene promoter source for the development of a female-specific conditional lethality system. C1 [Guerrero, Felix D.; Saldivar, Leonel; Willey, Graham B.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Dowd, Scot. E.; Sun, Yan] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79103 USA. [MacMil, Simone L.; Najar, Fares; Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Foil, Lane D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Felix.Guerrero@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1603/033.046.0210 PG 14 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800010 PM 19351076 ER PT J AU Cooperband, MF Allan, SA AF Cooperband, Miriam F. Allan, Sandra A. TI Effects of Different Pyrethroids on Landing Behavior of Female Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect behavior; contact irritant; sublethal effects of insecticide; excitation; barrier ID MALARIA VECTORS; RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDES; GAMBIAE; DDT; RESPONSES; REPELLENCY; IRRITANCY; NETS AB Mosquitoes from three genera, Aedes aegypti L., Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, were tested for facultative landing and resting behavior on pyrethroid-treated surfaces paired with adjacent untreated surfaces. The three pyrethroids tested were bifenthrin, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin. Landing and resting behavior was video recorded and quantified using Observer XT software. Untreated control treatments were tested to show behavior in the absence of insecticides. In controls, the three species had different activity levels, with An. quadri-maculatus being the most active and Cx. quinquefasciatus being the least active. The three species had unique responses to different compounds tested. Landing frequency on adjacent untreated and treated filter papers did not differ for any compound or species at my time during the experiment. However, landing frequencies did differ between treatments and over time. Differences between treated and untreated sides were largely caused by changes in the length of time mosquitoes rested on each side. An. quadrimaculatus had a unique response to the presence of deltamethrin compared with the other species or compounds in which it spent an increased amount of time in contact with both treated and adjacent untreated surfaces. Cx. quinquefasciatus avoided all three compounds by the end of the experiment and rested longer on untreated sides. In most cases, modification of landing and resting behaviors occurred only after mosquitoes had the opportunity to come into contact and acquire a dose of pyrethroid. Bifenthrin had the fastest TK(50) for all species. Other differences between compounds for each species are described. The term excito-repellency has produced confusion in the literature, and it is revisited and discussed with respect to the results, which justify the use of alternative terminology. The term "locomotive stimulant" is offered as an acceptable alternative. C1 [Cooperband, Miriam F.; Allan, Sandra A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Cooperband, MF (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Bldg 1398,W Truck Rd, Otis Angb, MA 02542 USA. EM Miriam.F.Cooperband@aphis.usda.gov FU Deployed War-fighter Protection Program FX Our sincere gratitude is extended to C. Dickerson for critical review of this manuscript and constructive discussions regarding the statistical analysis. S. Su for reviewing this manuscript, and C. Geden for helpful suggestions. This research was made possible by funding from the Deployed War-fighter Protection Program. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 292 EP 306 DI 10.1603/033.046.0214 PG 15 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800014 PM 19351080 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Becnel, JJ Clark, GC Linthicum, KJ AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI A High-Throughput Screening Method to Identify Potential Pesticides for Mosquito Control SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-throughput screen; pesticides; mosquito control ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; DENGUE; RESISTANCE; FILARIASIS AB Mosquitoes that transmit human diseases are of major importance to the international public health community. Pesticides remain a major component of integrated programs to control these medically important species. However, very few types of pesticides are currently registered for mosquito control. A high-throughput screening method using first-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti was created and evaluated in our laboratory to quickly screen large numbers of chemicals for activity against mosquitoes. LC(50) values of a representative group of compounds were determined using this high-throughput screening method and compared with LD(50) values determined by topical application against female adults of Ae. aegypti. Our results show that this high-throughput screening method is suitable for screening large numbers of candidate chemicals quickly to identify effective compounds. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM julia.pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP); U.S. Department of Defense; Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX We thank Drs. S. M. Valles and Y. Hashimoto (USDA-ARS) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We also thank L Jefferson, N. Sanscrainte, H. Furlong, and M. H. Brown (USDA ARS) for support on mosquitoes. This study was supported by it grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 22 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1603/033.046.0219 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800019 PM 19351085 ER PT J AU Cupp, MS Cupp, EW Zhang, DH Yue, X Todd, L Panangala, V Navarre, C Whitley, E AF Cupp, Mary S. Cupp, Eddie W. Zhang, Dunhua Yue, Xin Todd, Latora Panangala, Victor Navarre, Christine Whitley, Elizabeth TI Salivary Gland Thrombostasin Isoforms Differentially Regulate Blood Uptake of Horn Flies Fed on New Zealand White Rabbits SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horn fly; thrombostasin; blood uptake; fly gender; rabbit ID HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; FLY; DIPTERA; PROTEIN AB Thrombostasin (TS) is a previously characterized anticlotting protein with multiple isoforms found in the saliva of horn flies. in this report, the effect of TS isoforms on blood feeding was assessed using individual flies that carried corresponding ts allelles, Laboratory Studies of horn fly blood feeding were conducted using colony-reared flies fed on New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. After timed 20-min feeding periods, each fly was characterized for gender, blood volume uptake, and ts genotype. The results showed that mean blood volumes obtained by individual flies were not related to fly gender but were correlated to the ts genotype(s) carried by each fly. A fly having one or both ts alleles coding for the TS9 isoform took less blood than those possessing one or both is alleles coding for the TS10 isoform. These results confirm the significant role that TS plays in horn fly feeding and highlight the differential impact of TS protein isoforms that vary by is few is three amino acids. C1 [Cupp, Mary S.; Cupp, Eddie W.; Zhang, Dunhua; Yue, Xin; Todd, Latora] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Zhang, Dunhua] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Todd, Latora; Panangala, Victor; Navarre, Christine; Whitley, Elizabeth] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Panangala, Victor] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Navarre, Christine] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Cupp, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cuppmar@auburn.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2001-35302-1092]; Novartis Animal Health; Auburn University Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; Auburn University colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine FX The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant 2001-35302-1092. We gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by Novartis Animal Health, Auburn University Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and the Auburn University colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1603/033.046.0221 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 418QZ UT WOS:000264164800021 PM 19351087 ER PT J AU Powell, RG AF Powell, Richard G. TI Plant Seeds as Sources of Potential Industrial Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Pest Control Agents SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Review ID MAYTANSINOID TUMOR INHIBITORS; ANTILEUKEMIC ANSA MACROLIDE; BRASSICA-NAPUS POLLEN; INFECTED TALL FESCUE; TREWIA-NUDIFLORA; FATTY-ACIDS; SESBANIA-DRUMMONDII; ANTITUMOR AGENTS; LOLINE ALKALOIDS; CEPHALOTAXUS-HARRINGTONIA AB Investigations of natural products isolated from seeds have resulted in a remarkable variety of compounds having unusual structures. Seeds of many plant species contain uncommon fatty acids and lipids, some of which have found uses in the cosmetic industry or as renewable (non-petroleum based) industrial raw materials. In addition to proteins and energy storage substances such as carbohydrates and lipids, seeds generally contain, or have the ability to produce, protective compounds that are active as plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, and repellents of herbivores; seeds occasionally contain compounds that are toxic to most other organisms. These compounds may also be present in other plant parts, but often are found at higher concentrations in seeds. Other compounds of interest have been associated with plant-endophyte interactions that are of mutual benefit to both organisms. Tests of seed extracts for cytotoxic and antitumor activity, toxicity to insects, and relationships to several animal disease syndromes have been revealing. Examples of compounds isolated from plant seeds that have served as lead compounds for additional research, or that continue to be of interest to researchers in multiple areas, are reviewed. C1 [Powell, Richard G.] USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Powell, RG (reprint author), 4160 Caddie Dr E, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. EM rgpbradfl@aol.com NR 134 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 516 EP 523 DI 10.1021/np8006217 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 425HM UT WOS:000264627600035 PM 19209890 ER PT J AU Riga, E Larsen, R Eastwell, K Guerra, N Guerra, L Crosslin, JM AF Riga, E. Larsen, R. Eastwell, K. Guerra, N. Guerra, L. Crosslin, J. M. TI Rapid Detection of Tobacco Rattle Tobravirus in Viruliferous Paratrichodorus allius from Greenhouse and Field Specimens SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Detection; Reverse Transcription PCR; Paratrichodorus allius; viruliferous stubby root nematode; tobacco rattle virus ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION; TRICHODORID NEMATODES; VIRUS; POTATO AB The stubby root nematode, Paratrichodorus allius, is important to the potato industry in the Pacific Northwest of USA, because it vectors Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), the causal agent of corky ringspot disease. The current method for determining if nematodes are viruliferous for TRV takes several weeks, requiring a glasshouse bioassay followed by a serological test. To overcome this drawback, a rapid and affordable Molecular test was developed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify viruliferous P. allius nematodes within 48 hours. Primers from the 16 kDa gene of TRV were used to detect TRV in both greenhouse-reared and field collected P allius. TRV RNA can be detected consistently in nucleic acids equivalent to one quarter of a viruliferous adult nematode reared in the greenhouse. In order to reduce the time and expense of processing individual nematodes from field samples, viral RNA was consistently and affordably detected in extracts from 5 field-collected adult P. allius. C1 [Riga, E.; Eastwell, K.; Guerra, N.] Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Larsen, R.; Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Guerra, L.] WSDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Riga, E (reprint author), Washington State Univ, IAREC, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM riga@wsu.edu FU Washington State Potato Commission; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration FX This research was funded by the Washington State Potato Commission and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 542QD UT WOS:000273508900010 PM 22661778 ER PT J AU Reynolds, LP Ireland, JJ Caton, JS Bauman, DE Davis, TA AF Reynolds, Lawrence P. Ireland, James J. Caton, Joel S. Bauman, Dale E. Davis, Teresa A. TI Commentary on Domestic Animals in Agricultural and Biomedical Research: An Endangered Enterprise SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FARM-ANIMALS; MODELS; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; HEALTH; HISTORY C1 [Reynolds, Lawrence P.; Caton, Joel S.] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Reynolds, Lawrence P.; Caton, Joel S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Ireland, James J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bauman, Dale E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Reynolds, LP (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474-13, R01 AR044474-17, R01 AR044474, R01 AR044474-12] NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 139 IS 3 BP 427 EP 428 DI 10.3945/jn.108.103564 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 411RD UT WOS:000263666600001 PM 19158219 ER PT J AU Warodomwichit, D Arnett, DK Kabagambe, EK Tsai, MY Hixson, JE Straka, RJ Province, M An, P Lai, CQ Borecki, I Ordovas, JM AF Warodomwichit, Daruneewin Arnett, Donna K. Kabagambe, Edmond K. Tsai, Michael Y. Hixson, James E. Straka, Robert J. Province, Michael An, Ping Lai, Chao-Qiang Borecki, Ingrid Ordovas, Jose M. TI Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate the Effect of TCF7L2 Gene Variants on Postprandial Lipemia SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS; NONFASTING TRIGLYCERIDES; DIABETES SUSCEPTIBILITY; GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) has been recently associated with diabetes risk, and it may exert its effect through metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related traits and be subjected to modification by environmental factors. We investigated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), rs7903146 and rs12255372, within the TCF7L2 locus on postprandial lipemia and other MetS-related traits and their modulation by dietary fat. Data were collected from 1083 European Americans participating in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study. Carriers of the minor T allele at the C/T rs7903146 SNP had higher fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.012), lower homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (P = 0.041), higher plasma VLDL (P = 0.035), and lower large LDL particle (P = 0.007) concentrations and higher risk of MetS (P = 0.011) than CC individuals. Moreover, we identified significant interactions between this SNP and PUFA intake modulating fasting VLDL particle concentrations (P = 0.016) and postprandial triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.028), chylomicrons (P = 0.025), total VLDL (P = 0.026), and large VLDL (P = 0.018) concentrations. Thus, only T allele carriers with a PUFA intake >= 7.36% of energy had elevated fasting plasma VLDL concentrations and postprandial TG-rich lipoproteins. These variables did not differ in T allele carriers and noncarriers in the low-PUFA intake group. Moreover, these significant interactions were due exclusively to (n-6) PUFA intake. In summary, high (n-6) PUFA intakes (>= 6.62% of energy intake) were associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia in carriers of the minor F allele at the TCF7L2 rs7903146 SNP and may predispose them to MetS, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. J. Nutr. 139: 439-446, 2009. C1 [Warodomwichit, Daruneewin; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Straka, Robert J.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hixson, James E.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77225 USA. [Province, Michael; An, Ping; Borecki, Ingrid] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [U01 HL72524]; Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triqlyceridos [HL 54776]; National Instituto of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney [DK075010]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [63-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX Supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. grants U01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triqlyceridos and HL 54776 and the National Instituto of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney grant DK075010, and by contracts 63-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the USDA, Agricultural Research Service. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 139 IS 3 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.3945/jn.108.096461 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 411RD UT WOS:000263666600004 PM 19141698 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Siegel, D Fedor, DM Adkins, Y Mackey, BE AF Kelley, Darshan S. Siegel, David Fedor, Dawn M. Adkins, Yuriko Mackey, Bruce E. TI DHA Supplementation Decreases Serum C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation in Hypertriglyceridemic Men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; YOUNG HEALTHY-MEN; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FISH-OIL; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; WOMEN; CHOLESTEROL AB Dietary (n-3) PUFA reduce inflammation, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The antiinflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in hypertriglyceridemic men have not been previously reported, to our knowledge, and were the focus of this study. Hypertriglyceridemic men (n = 17 per group) aged 39-66 y, participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel study. They received no supplements for the first 8 d and then received either 7.5 g/d DHA oil (3 g DHA/d) or olive oil (placebo) for the last 90 d. Blood samples were collected from fasting men on study days -7, 0, 45, 84, and 91, DHA supplementation for 45 and 91 d decreased the number of circulating neutrophils by 11.7 and 10.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). It did not alter the circulating concentrations of other inflammatory markers tested within 45 d, but at 91 d it reduced (P < 0.05) concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) by 15%, interleukin-6 by 23%, and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor by 21% and DHA increased the concentration of antiinflammatory matrix metalloproteinase-2 by 7%. The number of circulating neutrophils was positively associated with the weight percent (wt %) of 20:4(n-6) in RBC lipids, and negatively to the wt % of 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3). Concentrations of CRP and serum amyloid A were positively associated with the sum of SFA and negatively with the wt % of 18:1 (n-9) and 17:0 in RBC lipids; CRP was also positively associated with the wt % of 20:2(n. 6). The mean size of VLDL particles was positively associated with plasma concentrations of neutrophils and CRP. In conclusion, DHA may lessen the inflammatory response by altering blood lipids and their fatty acid composition. J. Nutr. 139: 495-501, 2009. C1 [Kelley, Darshan S.; Fedor, Dawn M.; Adkins, Yuriko] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kelley, Darshan S.; Fedor, Dawn M.; Adkins, Yuriko] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Siegel, David] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Siegel, David] Vet Affairs No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Sacramento, CA 95655 USA. [Mackey, Bruce E.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR024146] FX Supported in part by the USDA grant number UL1 RR024146 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the NIH and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, and its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do riot necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. Information on NCRR is available at http://www.ncrf.nih.gov/. Information on Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise can be obtained from http:# nihroadmap.nih.gov/clinicalresearch/overview-translational.asp. NR 46 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 139 IS 3 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.3945/jn.108.100354 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 411RD UT WOS:000263666600012 PM 19158225 ER PT J AU Li, L Chen, CYO Chun, HK Cho, SM Park, KM Lee-Kim, YC Blumberg, JB Russell, RM Yeum, KJ AF Li, Lei Chen, C. -Y. Oliver Chun, Hye-Kyung Cho, Soo-Muk Park, Ki-Moon Lee-Kim, Yang Cha Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Russell, Robert M. Yeum, Kyung-Jin TI A fluorometric assay to determine antioxidant activity of both hydrophilic and lipophilic components in plant foods SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Azo-initiator; Vegetables; Fluorescence; Total antioxidant activity; DCFH; BODIPY ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; POTENTIAL TRAP; ASCORBIC-ACID; HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA; FRUITS; COMPARTMENTS; CAROTENOIDS; VEGETABLES; PHENOLICS AB This study aimed to develop a fluorometric method to determine total antioxidant activity of plant foods. The antioxidant activities in plant foods were determined after extracting (1) hydrophilic components with acidified methanol (methanol: glacial acetate acid: water=50:17:46.3), (2) lipophilic components with methanol followed by tetrahydrofuran (THF), or (3) both hydrophilic and lipophilic components using sequential extraction of acidified methanol and THF together. Both the hydrophilic assay [using the hydrophilic radical initiator 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (10 mmol/L) and hydrophilic probe 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluoresecin (DCFH)] and the lipophilic assay [using the lipophilic radical initiator [2,2'-azobis (4-methoxiy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2 mmol/L, and the lipophilic probe 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY 581/591) (BODIPY: 2 mu mol/L)] were used to measure antioxidant activity. The inhibition of BODIPY oxidation was significantly increased (P<.01) when both the hydrophilic and lipophilic components were extracted using acidified methanol and organic solvent as compared to those extracted by organic solvent alone. In addition, the rate of DCFH oxidation was significantly delayed (P<.05) when both components coexisted compared to DCFH oxidation of the hydrophilic component alone. The combination of lipophilic and hydrophilic components, in these plant foods showed significantly greater antioxidant activity than that of either hydrophilic or lipophilic component alone. Thus, both hydrophilic and lipophilic components in plant foods and their interactions should be considered when determining their antioxidant activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, C. -Y. Oliver; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Russell, Robert M.; Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Li, Lei] Qingdao Univ, Coll Med, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Park, Ki-Moon] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Lee-Kim, Yang Cha] Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yeum@tufts.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 EI 1873-4847 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.02.006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 408AW UT WOS:000263406400010 PM 18602808 ER PT J AU Osiru, MO Olanya, MO Adipala, E Lemaga, B Kapinga, R AF Osiru, Moses Omongin Olanya, Modesto Ocen Adipala, Ekwamu Lemaga, Berga Kapinga, Regina TI Stability of Sweet Potato Cultivars to Alternaria Leaf and Stem Blight Disease SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternaria spp; Ipomoea batatus L; cultivars; AMMI model; Uganda ID RELEASE; UGANDA AB Alternaria leaf petiole and stem blight is an economically important disease of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus L.) in tropical and sub-tropical environments. Published research on cultivar resistance to the sweet potato disease is limited. To evaluate cultivar reaction and stability to the disease, multi-location and replicated experiments were established in 12 environments in Uganda. Disease severity (area under disease progress curves - AUDPC), and cultivar root yield were also assessed. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in AUDPC were detected among cultivars. Mean AUDPC ranged from 46.3 (Araka Red) to 78.4 (New Kawogo) across locations and seasons and the genotypes Araka Red and Tanzania had the lowest disease values. The location and season effects accounted for 67.1% and 7.5% of the total variance of AUDPC recorded among cultivars. The ranking of cultivars based on predicted AUDPC from Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interactive model (AMMI) showed that the NASPOT 1, the susceptible check, and New Kawogo were most susceptible to the disease in 11 of the 12 environments. Low and stable disease was consistently recorded and predicted on NASPOT 3 and the landrace cultivars Tanzania, Dimbuca, and Araka Red across environments. These results suggest that landrace cultivars had relative stability to the disease and wide adaptation across environments. These results suggest that AMMI statistical model and other multivariate techniques can be utilized for prediction of Alternaria disease stability in these locations. C1 [Osiru, Moses Omongin] Makerere Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Kampala, Uganda. [Olanya, Modesto Ocen] Univ Maine, USDA ARS, NEPSWL, Orono, ME USA. [Adipala, Ekwamu] Makerere Univ, Reg Univ Forum Capac Bldg Agr, Kampala, Uganda. [Lemaga, Berga] Reg Network Improvement Potato & Sweet Potato PRA, Kampala, Uganda. [Kapinga, Regina] Int Potato Ctr CIP, Kampala, Uganda. RP Osiru, MO (reprint author), Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Lilongwe, Malawi. EM m.osiru@cgiar.org FU Rockefeller Foundation [2000 FS 051]; International Foundation for Science (IFS); International Potato Center (CIP); PRAPACE; USDA-ARS; NEPSWL FX The study was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation under the Forum for Agricultural Resource Husbandry Grant No. 2000 FS 051 as part of a Ph.D. research of the first author. Additional funding was provided by the International Foundation for Science (IFS), International Potato Center (CIP), and the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa's Regional Potato and Sweetpotato Improvement Programme for East and Central Africa (PRAPACE). The authors thank the Regional Universities Forum and the USDA-ARS, NEPSWL for support. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 157 IS 3 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2008.01457.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 400TK UT WOS:000262891300006 ER PT J AU Valiunas, D Jomantienei, R Davis, RE AF Valiunas, D. Jomantienei, R. Davis, R. E. TI ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW PHYTOPLASMA SUBGROUP, 16SRI-Q, TO ACCOMMODATE A PREVIOUSLY UNDESCRIBED PHYTOPLASMA FOUND IN DISEASED CHERRY IN LITHUANIA SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cherry; detection; identification; phytopathogenic mollicutes; phylogeny ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRUIT YELLOWS PHYTOPLASMA; GENE-SEQUENCES; ASTER YELLOWS; CLASSIFICATION; ORGANISMS AB Symptoms of shoot proliferation and abnormally small leaves were observed in diseased sour cherry (Cerasus vulgaris Mill., syn. Prunus cerasus L.) affected by cherry little leaf (ChLL) disease on the Neringa peninsula, Lithuania. Amplification of phytoplasma characteristic 16S rDNA from the diseased cherry indicated infection by a phytoplasma. On the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S rDNA amplified by PCR, the ChLL phytoplasma was classified in group 16SrI (aster yellows phytoplasma group), new subgroup 16SrI-Q. Results from phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that ChLL phytoplasma was related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' and may represent a distinct phytoplasma lineage. C1 [Valiunas, D.; Jomantienei, R.] Inst Bot, Plant Virus Lab, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Davis, R. E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Valiunas, D (reprint author), Inst Bot, Plant Virus Lab, Zaliuju Ezeru 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM deividas.valiunas@botanika.lt NR 30 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 91 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 427SP UT WOS:000264799700008 ER PT J AU Li, S Hartman, GL Chen, Y AF Li, S. Hartman, G. L. Chen, Y. TI EVALUATION OF AGGRESSIVENESS OF FUSARIUM VIRGULIFORME ISOLATES THAT CAUSE SOYBEAN SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium virguliforme isolates; soybean; sudden death syndrome ID F-SP GLYCINES; SP. GLYCINES; SYNDROME PATHOGEN; SOLANI; ROOTS; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; QUANTIFICATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; DEGRADATION AB Fusarium virguliforme (Akoi, O'Donnell, Homma & Lattanzi), formerly named F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp. glycines, is the cause of soybean Sudden death syndrome (SDS). Over the last 6 years, an international collection of F virguliforme isolates has been established and maintained at the National Soybean Pathogen Collection Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Using part of the collection, aggressiveness of F virguliforme isolates to a susceptible soybean cultivar, Great Lakes 3202, was evaluated under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. After an initial evaluation of 123 isolates on soybean, 30 isolates from different geographic origins with different levels of foliar severity were selected to further evaluate both foliar and root severities. Variability of aggressiveness based on measurements of SDS foliar severity, shoot, root, and root lesion lengths, shoot and root dry weights, and total dry weights was found among isolates (P <= 0.01). Isolate FSG1(Mont-1), a reference isolate that has been widely used by the soybean community for basic and applied research, caused the greatest reduction in shoot weight and shoot length compared to the non-inoculated control plants, but six isolates caused higher foliar severity and 15 isolates caused longer root lesion length than the isolate FSG1. Isolate FSG5 caused the greatest reduction in root weight among isolates. Knowledge about the variability of the pathogen is important for selection of isolates for testing for broad-based SDS resistant soybean lines. C1 [Li, S.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chen, Y.] Univ Illinois, Dept Stat, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Li, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Shuxian.li@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board; Illinois Soybean Association; North Central Soybean Research Program; USDA-ARS; CSREES; National Science Foundation [DMS-0503981] FX We thank IS. Abney, L. Achenbach, I Anderson, C.R. Grau, L. Gray, J. Kurle, I Niblack, J. Rupe, and K. O'Donnel for providing fungal cultures or diseased plant samples; M. Ellis, H. Han, J. King, N. Weaterspoon, M. Woo, and C. You for assisting with the pathogenicity tests, Ryan DuBrall and Xingdong Feng for the initial help of partially analyzing data and Debbie Boykin for providing statistical assistance. This research was partially supported by grants from the United Soybean Board, Illinois Soybean Association, North Central Soybean Research Program, and USDA-ARS and CSREES. Y Chen was partially supported by the National Science Foundation grant DMS-0503981. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 91 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 427SP UT WOS:000264799700009 ER PT J AU Lima, M Alkowni, R Uyemoto, JK Rowhani, A AF LiMA, M. Alkowni, R. Uyemoto, J. K. Rowhani, A. TI GENOMIC STUDY AND DETECTION OF A NEW VARIANT OF GRAPEVINE RUPESTRIS STEM PITTING ASSOCIATED VIRUS IN DECLINING CALIFORNIA PINOT NOIR GRAPEVINES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GRSPaV-PN; detection; RT-PCR; rugose wood disease complex ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FAMILY FLEXIVIRIDAE; PLANT-VIRUSES; COAT PROTEIN; PSI-BLAST; DISEASE; CONSERVATION; POLYMERASE; CLONING AB Declining cv. Pinot noir clone 23 plants on 3309 Couderc rootstock were observed in different vineyards in California exhibiting severe stunting, solid red leaves and rootstocks with stem necrosis-distortion. High molecular weight dsRNA of ca. 8.7 kbp was extracted from symptomatic vines, used as a template for cDNA libraries construction and sequencing and identified as a new strain of Grapevine rupestris stein pitting-associated virus designated as Pinot noir strain (GRSPaV-PN). Molecular characterization of GRSPaV-PN genome revealed that the complete nucleotide sequence was composed of 8,724 nt, excluding the poly-A tail. This strain shared nucleotide identity of 76% to 78% with other GRSPaV sequences present in the GenBank. Its genome organization included six open reading frames where its replicase gene had 76% and 85% nucleotide and deduced amino acid identities, respectively, to other GRSPaV sequences. The coat protein gene was the most conserved with nucleotide and amino acid identities of 81-88% and 91.8-95%, respectively. Limited field survey revealed that GRSPaV-PN was present mainly in Pinot noir clone 23. However, the causal nature of GRSPaV-PN and 3309C stem necrosis-distortion is not known. C1 [LiMA, M.; Rowhani, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Alkowni, R.] Arab Amer Univ, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Jenin, Israel. [Uyemoto, J. K.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rowhani, A (reprint author), Embrapa Semiarido, CX Postal 23, BR-56302970 Petrolina, PE, Brazil. EM akrowhani@ucdavis.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 91 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 427SP UT WOS:000264799700018 ER PT J AU Lin, H Doddapaneni, H Munyaneza, JE Civerolo, EL Sengoda, VG Buchman, JL Stenger, DC AF Lin, H. Doddapaneni, H. Munyaneza, J. E. Civerolo, E. L. Sengoda, V. G. Buchman, J. L. Stenger, D. C. TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF 16S rRNA FROM A NEW "CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER" STRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH ZEBRA CHIP DISEASE OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) AND THE POTATO PSYLLID (BACTERICERA COCKERELLI SULC) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE "Candidatus Liberibacter"; zebra chip; potato psyllid; 16S rRNA ID HUANGLONGBING GREENING DISEASE; BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; PURPLE TOP PHYTOPLASMA; COLUMBIA BASIN; CITRUS; DNA; CICADELLIDAE; WASHINGTON AB The full-length 16S rRNA gene region of a new "Candidatus Liberibacter" strain was PCR- amplified from tubers of potato plants showing zebra chip (ZC) disease symptoms and also from the potato psyllid [Bactericera (= Paratrioza) cockerelli Sulc], the presumptive vector of the ZC disease causal agent. Sequences of the amplicons from ZC diseased potato and potato psyllids were 100% identical but differed from "Ca. L. asiaticus" (Las) and "Ca. L. africanus" (Laf) by 4% and from "Ca. L. americanus" (Lam) by 6.0-6.3%. Neighbor-joining analysis placed the ZC disease-associated sequences in a monophyletic clade consisting of all known "Ca. Liberibacter" spp., positioned in the tree basal to a node shared exclusively by Las and Laf but proximal to a node shared by Lam and all other "Ca. Liberibacter" spp. Here we present evidence for the association between a new "Candidatus Liberibacter" strain and ZC disease in field samples. The relationship of this Liberibacter to the other Liberibacter bacteria detected in psyllids, potato and other solanaceous crops as well as in citrus remains to be determined. C1 [Lin, H.; Doddapaneni, H.; Civerolo, E. L.; Stenger, D. C.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Doddapaneni, H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Munyaneza, J. E.; Sengoda, V. G.; Buchman, J. L.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Sengoda, V. G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hong.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 91 IS 1 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 427SP UT WOS:000264799700028 ER PT J AU Corradini, E Imam, SH Agnelli, JAM Mattoso, LHC AF Corradini, Elisangela Imam, Syed H. Agnelli, Jose A. M. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. TI Effect of Coconut, Sisal and Jute Fibers on the Properties of Starch/Gluten/Glycerol Matrix SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Starch; Gluten; Coconut; Sisal; Jute; Fiber; Composite; Reinforcement; Cellulosic ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE MATRIX; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; COMPOSITES; STARCH; WHISKERS; BIOCOMPOSITES; GLYCEROL; BLENDS AB Coconut, sisal and jute fibers were added as reinforcement materials in a biodegradable polymer matrix comprised of starch/gluten/glycerol. The content of fibers used in the composites varied from 5% to 30% by weight of the total polymers (starch and gluten). Materials were processed in a Haake torque rheometer (120 A degrees C, 50 rpm) for 6 min. The mixtures obtained were molded by heat compression and further characterized. Addition of lignocellulosic fibers in the matrix decreased the water absorption at equilibrium. The diffusion coefficient decreased sharply around 5% fiber concentration, and further fiber additions caused only small variations. The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed improved thermal stability of matrix upon addition of fibers. The Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength increased with fiber content in the matrix. The storage modulus increased with increasing fiber content, whereas tan delta curves decreased, confirming the reinforcing effect of the fibers. Morphology of the composites analyzed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) exhibited good interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the added fibers. Matrix degraded rapidly in compost, and addition of increased amounts of coconut fiber in the matrix caused a slowdown the biodegradability of the matrix. C1 [Imam, Syed H.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Corradini, Elisangela; Agnelli, Jose A. M.] Dept Engn Mat UFSCar, BR-13560905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Corradini, Elisangela; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM syed.imam@ars.usda.gov RI Corradini, Elisangela /H-6948-2012; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU EMBRAPA/Labex CNPq; FINEP; FAPESP; ARS/USDA FX The authors wish to thank Corn Products Brail Ltda for supplying the starch and gluten products used in this study. The financial and technical support provided by EMBRAPA/Labex CNPq, FINEP, FAPESP and ARS/USDA is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s10924-009-0115-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 478JM UT WOS:000268583700001 ER PT J AU Akins, ED Rule, PL Keener, MR Sellers, HS Line, JE Simmons, M Harrison, MA Hiett, KL AF Akins, E. Deann Rule, Patricia L. Keener, Michelle R. Sellers, Holly S. Line, J. Eric Simmons, Mustafa Harrison, Mark A. Hiett, Kelli L. TI SIMPLIFIED CAPACITANCE MONITORING FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. GROWTH RATES SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI; POULTRY; ORIGIN AB Capacitance monitoring is commonly used as an efficient means to generate growth curves of bacterial pathogens. However, the use of capacitance monitoring with Campylobacter spp. was previously determined to be difficult due to the complexity of the required media. We investigated capacitance monitoring using a simplified medium for the efficient and reproducible construction of growth curves for Campylobacter spp. It was determined that Campylobacter spp. should initially be propagated on Mueller Hinton plates in a microaerobic atmosphere (5% O(2), 10% CO(2), 85% N(2)) at 37C for 24 h, followed by transfer to Mueller Hinton biphasic cultures for 6 h at 37C in a microaerobic atmosphere. Serial dilutions of the Campylobacter spp. cultures should be used for inoculation of Bactometer wells that contain 1 mL Mueller Hinton broth supplemented with 0.1 M sodium pyruvate for the completion of Campylobacter spp. growth curves with the Bactometer. C1 [Line, J. Eric; Simmons, Mustafa; Hiett, Kelli L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Akins, E. Deann; Harrison, Mark A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rule, Patricia L.; Keener, Michelle R.] bioMerieux Inc, Hazelwood, MO USA. [Sellers, Holly S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM kelli.hiett@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2008.00146.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 412YB UT WOS:000263759000002 ER PT J AU Kinscherf, TG Yap, MN Charkowski, AO Willis, DK AF Kinscherf, Thomas G. Yap, Mee-Ngan Charkowski, Amy O. Willis, David K. TI CHEF PROCEDURES: A RAPID HIGH-TEMPERATURE METHOD FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION, A HIGH VOLTAGE HEPES BUFFER SYSTEM AND THE USE OF NUSIEVE (R) AGAROSE SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA-DEGRADATION; PULSENET AB A rapid, high-temperature method of sample preparation from gram-negative bacteria for contour-clamped homogenous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis is described, which utilizes a diethylpyrocarbonate nuclease inactivation step for preventing latent degradation of DNA. Also described is a simple 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer system that permits high-voltage CHEF electrophoresis in standard apparatus while preventing the strand scission events associated with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffers. Finally, the use of NuSieve agarose in combination with standard analytical agarose was compared to specialty CHEF agarose, demonstrating the potential use of this reagent in CHEF gel separations. C1 [Kinscherf, Thomas G.; Willis, David K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kinscherf, Thomas G.; Yap, Mee-Ngan; Charkowski, Amy O.; Willis, David K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Willis, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dkwillis@wisc.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2008.00147.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 412YB UT WOS:000263759000003 ER PT J AU Trimble, AC Ruesink, JL Dumbauld, BR AF Trimble, Alan C. Ruesink, Jennifer L. Dumbauld, Brett R. TI FACTORS PREVENTING THE RECOVERY OF A HISTORICALLY OVEREXPLOITED SHELLFISH SPECIES, OSTREA LURIDA CARPENTER 1864 SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Olympia oyster; Ostrea lurida; Crassostrea gigas; competition; oysters; recruitment; introduced species; Willapa Bay ID OLYMPIA OYSTER; ECOSYSTEM; ESTUARY; CONCHAPHILA; WASHINGTON; COASTAL; HABITAT; DISEASE; LARVAE; STOCKS AB The Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida Carpenter 1864,dagger in estuaries along the Pacific coast of North America, experienced overexploitation throughout its range in the late 1800s, resulting in commercial extinction before 1930. Significant harvest restrictions and marine reserves were established in Washington State by 1897 to protect new recruits, and harvest pressure has been negligible for the past 80 y. Nevertheless, O. lurida remains locally rare. This study focuses on the contemporary dynamics of the remnant population of O. lurida in Willapa Bay, Washington, historically home to the largest native oyster fishery oil the coast, with a broad focus on factors preventing recovery. Failed recovery could be because of reproductive limitation, or to poor post recruitment performance. In this case, reproductive limitation Seems unlikely, because historical (1947 to 1983) and modern (2002 to 2006) records reveal 5-fold higher annual spatfall for O. lurida than introduced Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas.) However, O. lurida remains rare and C. g gas is commercially exploited from natural recruitment. To evaluate the effects of abundant C. g gas in intertidal areas on O. lurida settlement patterns, strings of C. gigas shell were placed at two tidal elevations in three habitat types-open mud, eelgrass beds of Zostera marina, and C. g gas reefs. Settlement of O. lurida was significantly higher on the shell strings placed in the C. g gas reefs at both tidal heights. To evaluate postrecruitment demography, juvenile O. lurida were outplanted at three tidal elevations at five sites, and fouling organisms were manipulated to test for competition. Short emersion times (8% greater exposure) reduced survival by 80% relative to subtidal treatments, but did not affect growth rates of survivors. Naturally-setting competitors, mostly nonindigenous, depressed survival by 50% and growth by 20%. In a third experiment, manipulating the density and stability of shell Substrate, O. lurida was easily moved or buried when outplanted in a thin, unconsolidated layer. These results indicate that recovery has been hampered by the removal of dense subtidal native oyster shell accumulations during exploitation, by direct competition from exotic species, and by the appearance of novel introduced oyster shell settlement substrate in the intertidal zone. This altered web of interactions influencing O. lurida serves as a model for beginning to explore the failed recovery of overfished species in rapidly changing coastal systems. C1 [Trimble, Alan C.; Ruesink, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Trimble, AC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM trimblea@au.washington.edu FU Willapa Bay Sustainable Aquaculture Fund FX The authors thank the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for research Support. the WDFW Pt. Whitney Shellfish Laboratory for oyster hatchery operations, Bruce Kauffman and Brian Pickering from the WDFW Willapa Bay Field Station for field assistance, John Adler for image analysis, Mark Wiegardt of Taylor Shellfish for use of facilities, and cooperation with Betsy Peabody and the Puget Sound Restoration Fund's community-based native oyster recovery project. Critical support was provided by the J. A. Rutabaga Willapa Bay Sustainable Aquaculture Fund. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 40 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.2983/035.028.0116 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 433BA UT WOS:000265177200011 ER PT J AU Camara, MD Vadopalas, B AF Camara, Mark D. Vadopalas, Brent TI GENETIC ASPECTS OF RESTORING OLYMPIA OYSTERS AND OTHER NATIVE BIVALVES: BALANCING THE NEED FOR ACTION, GOOD INTENTIONS, AND THE RISKS OF MAKING THINGS WORSE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Quantitative genetics; local adaptation; restoration; genetic rehabilitation; effective population size; oyster; Ostrea lurida; Olympia oyster ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA GMELIN; PACIFIC OYSTER; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; HATCHERY POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB As interest and efforts in ecological restoration of native bivalve populations grow, the genetic implications of various restoration strategies Lire often unclear to resource managers and restoration practitioners, even though genetic considerations are vital to the ultimate success or failure of restoration endeavors. in an effort to fill this void, we present an overview of the underlying genetic concepts, a brief review of documented examples of native mollusc populations impacted by hatchery production, and a summary of the potential genetic impacts of restoration activities ranging from eliminating ongoing negative impacts with minimal genetic effects to intentional genetic manipulations Of extant Populations. We emphasize throughout the importance of understanding how adaptive, quantitative genetic variation is distributed within and among populations and the limitations of Studies that address only selectively neutral molecular genetic variation. We also describe a conceptual framework for making genetically sound management and restoration decisions based on historical and current ecological and genetic considerations. Finally, because fully-informed decisions require a great deal of difficult-to-obtain data, we make suggestions on how to prioritize future research and Outline practical measures that can be implemented in the absence of rigorous genetic data to prevent inadvertent negative genetic impacts by well-intended restoration efforts. C1 [Camara, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Shellfish Genet Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Vadopalas, Brent] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Camara, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Shellfish Genet Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Mark.Camara@ARS.USDA.gov OI Vadopalas, Brent/0000-0002-1791-2095 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [5358-31000-001-00D] FX The authors thank Natalie Cosentino-Manning, Summer Morlock, Kerry Griffin, Megan Callahan-Grant, Kay McGraw (NOAA Restoration Center), and Edwin Grosholz, University of California, Davis, for organizing the 2006 West Coast Native Oyster Restoration Workshop, which precipitated our writing this paper. Ted Grosholz, Loren Cohen, Kimberly Reece, Mattias Jollarisson, Michael Banks, and three anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on this paper. Camara is supported by funding from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (CRIS Project #5358-31000-001-00D). NR 189 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 121 EP 145 DI 10.2983/035.028.0104 PG 25 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 433BA UT WOS:000265177200014 ER PT J AU Claassen, R AF Claassen, Roger TI Cost-effective conservation programs: The role of economics SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Claassen, R (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 53A EP 54A DI 10.2489/jswc.64.2.53A PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 433AT UT WOS:000265176500001 ER PT J AU Helms, D AF Helms, Douglas TI Hugh Hammond Bennett and the creation of the Soil Erosion Service SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Helms, D (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 68A EP 74A DI 10.2489/jswc.64.2.68A PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 433AT UT WOS:000265176500008 ER PT J AU Steiner, JL Franzluebbers, AJ AF Steiner, Jean L. Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Farming with grass-for people, for profit, for production, for protection SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Steiner, Jean L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Steiner, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 75A EP 80A DI 10.2489/jswc.64.2.75A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 433AT UT WOS:000265176500009 ER PT J AU Abrahamson, DA Causarano, HJ Williams, JR Norfleet, ML Franzluebbers, AJ AF Abrahamson, D. A. Causarano, H. J. Williams, J. R. Norfleet, M. L. Franzluebbers, A. J. TI Predicting soil organic carbon sequestration in the southeastern United States with EPIC and the soil conditioning index SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; conservation tillage; modeling; soil organic carbon ID SIMULATING TILE DRAINAGE; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; GEORGIA PIEDMONT; LEACHED NITRATE; GREAT-PLAINS; DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; MATTER; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS AB The Soil Conditioning Index (SCI) is a relatively simple model that predicts the consequences of cropping systems and tillage practices on the status of soil organic matter in a field. The SCI is administered by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service to predict a positive or negative trend in soil organic matter based oil knowledge of field operations, erosion loss,and organic Matter inputs but has not been adequately tested against long-term management conditions that Could affect soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. We calibrated the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model (EPIC v. 3060) for three major land resource areas in the southeastern United States using 5 to 10 years of measured SOC data to develop a predictive relationship of SOC for 50-year simulations with SCI values. Management systems included conventional tillage and no tillage in (1) a two-year rotation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)-corn (Zea mays L.) with low and high fertilizer application oil a Blackland Prairie site in Texas. a two-year rotation of corn-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with and without dairy manure application oil a Coastal Plain site in Alabama,and (3) in monoculture cotton oil a Mississippi Upland site. Across sites and fertilizer conditions, SOC sequestration, during 50 years, of using EPIC was greater under no tillage (9.5 Mg ha(-1) [4.2 tn ac(-1])) than under conventional tillage (6.3 Mg ha(-1) [2.8 tn ac(-1)]) (p < 0.0 1). Although simulated SOC using EPIC was weakly related to SCI values, the relationship fit well within a larger dataset from the southeastern United States. The comprehensive EPIC model and the simpler SCI niodel could be useful tools to determine SOC storage among different management systems in the southeastern United States. C1 [Abrahamson, D. A.; Franzluebbers, A. J.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Williams, J. R.; Norfleet, M. L.] Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. RP Abrahamson, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA. FU Cotton Incorporated [05-712] FX This research was conducted as part of the Soil Resource Management National Program of the USDA Agricultural Research Service in the Soil Carbon problem Area with additional funding from Cotton Incorporated under Agreement No. 05-712. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.2.134 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 433AT UT WOS:000265176500014 ER PT J AU Kim, MK Flanagan, DC Frankenberger, JR Meyer, CR AF Kim, M. -K. Flanagan, D. C. Frankenberger, J. R. Meyer, C. R. TI Impact of precipitation changes on runoff and soil erosion in Korea using CLIGEN and WEPP SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; Korea; runoff; soil erosion; WEPP ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CHANGE SCENARIOS; CROP PRODUCTION; VECTOR MACHINE; WATER EROSION; LAND-USE; RESPONSES; TRENDS; YIELD AB The quality of spatially and temporally distributed weather information is critical in soil erosion model results because of the primary influence of rainfall on runoff and soil movement. Detailed climate data for the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model can be generated by a climate generator (CLIGEN) based on long-term statistical parameters for more than 4,000 locations in the United States. The objectives of this study were to apply CLIGEN and WEPP and examine the effects of changing storm frequency, storm depth, ora combination of the two on predicted rainfall, runoff, and soil loss. Two different sites, Chun-Cheon and Jeon-Ju, were studied and compared for the period 1966 to 2005. Chun-Cheon is located at a higher altitude and is surrounded with forest, while Jeon-Ju is located in the plains. CLIGEN was used to generate 100-year climate sequences with daily climate data e.g., temperature, precipitation, wind, and solar radiation for a representative climate station in the study sites to predict runoff and soil loss with WEPP. Three precipitation change scenarios were examined in this study: (1) adjusting the number of days with rainfall, (2) adjusting the mean amount of rainfall on a wet day, and (3) a combination of 1 and 2. Observed mean annual precipitation at Chun-Cheon (1,305 nun [50.9 in]) was similar to Jeon-Ju (1,291 mm [50.4 in]). CLIGEN simulated mean annual precipitation depths in Chun-Cheon and Jeon-Ju were very close to the observed data. The WEPP model predicted runoff in Jeon-Ju was 48.8% higher than that in Chun-Cheon and estimated soil loss in Chun-Cheon was 55.6% higher than that in Jeon-Ju. Precipitation change scenario 3 that combined changes in precipitation occurrence with changes in rainfall storm depths showed the largest impacts On predicted runoff and sod loss. A combined 20% increase in these precipitation parameters resulted in increases of 44%, 54%, and 52% in generated average annual precipitation, predicted runoff and predicted soil loss, respectively, at Chun-Cheon, while increases at Jeon-JU were 44%, 60%, and 27%. Increases in rainfall due to future climate change may thus potentially result in substantial and nonlinear increases in runoff and soil loss in Korea. C1 [Kim, M. -K.] Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. [Flanagan, D. C.; Frankenberger, J. R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kim, MK (reprint author), Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2005-214-F00027] FX This work was supported by the Korean Research Foundation Grant Funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2005-214-F00027). NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.2.154 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 433AT UT WOS:000265176500016 ER PT J AU Webber, DF Mickelson, SK Richard, TL Ahn, HK AF Webber, D. F. Mickelson, S. K. Richard, T. L. Ahn, H. K. TI Effects of a livestock manure windrow composting site with a fly ash pad surface and vegetative filter strip buffers on sediment, nitrate, and phosphorus losses with runoff SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE fly ash; livestock manure windrow composting; nutrient losses; sediment losses; surface runoff; vegetative filter strip (VFS) buffers; water quality ID POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; CATTLE MANURE; SWINE MANURE; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; REMOVAL; AMENDMENT; RAINFALL; RETENTION AB This study quantified the effects of a livestock manure-based windrow composting practice with a fly ash composting pad surface and vegetative filter strip (VFS) buffers on losses of runoff, runoff percent of rainfall, total solids, nitrate-nitrogen, ortho-phosphorus (PO(4)-P), and total-phosphorus during natural rainfall events. Runoff data from six events were collected during June and July (early season) and August and September (late season) 60-day duration composting periods from 2002 through 2004 at all Iowa State University research Farm near Allies, central Iowa, USA. The research site was selected oil uneven terrain with average slopes of 5% and 2% on the VFS buffer and composting pad plot areas, respectively Runoff treatments were comprised of three compost windrows:VFS buffer area ratios that included 1: 1, 1:0.5, and 1:0 (no buffer) control. The 1:1 and 1:0.5 area ratios represented a 6.0-m (20-ft) wide x 23-m (75-ft) long fly ash composting pad area compared to VFS buffer areas of equal and one-half size, respectively. All treatments had,three replications for a total of nine runoff plots in a randomized complete block design. Results from the Study indicate significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of runoff percent of rainfall, total solids, nitrate-nitrogen PO(4)-P, and total-phosphorus from the 1:0 control plots compared to the 1:1 and 1:0.5 VFS buffer plots. 1 Results also show the 1: 1 and 1:0.5 VFS buffer treatments were not significantly different (p < 0.05) and that average runoff loss reductions from the 1 :1 and 1:0.5 VFS buffer plots were 98% and 93%, respectively, compared to the 1:0 control plots. These results reflect the effectiveness of VFS buffers For reducing runoff and contaminant losses From a windrow composting site. Compost nutrient mass balance analysis results indicate 41% and 26% of PO(4)-P were lost from the compost windrows during the 2004 early season and late season composting periods, respectively. However, only 0.1% to 0.4% of PO(4)-P was lost to runoff from the 1:0 control plots during the respective 2004 early season and late season composting, periods. We hypothesize the relatively lower PO(4)-P losses in runoff may be attributed to potential chemical and physical effects of the fly ash composting pad material. C1 [Webber, D. F.; Mickelson, S. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ahn, H. K.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Webber, DF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources FX Funding for this study was provided by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Thanks to Mr. Loren E. Shiers. research associate, Iowa State University Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department Water Quality Laboratory mid Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering undergraduate student technicians for their help with sample collection and data analysis. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.2.163 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 433AT UT WOS:000265176500017 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Bumanlag, LP Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Taylor, M. M. Bumanlag, L. P. Marmer, W. N. Brown, E. M. TI POTENTIAL APPLICATION FOR GENIPIN-MODIFIED GELATIN IN LEATHER PROCESSING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 19-22, 2008 CL Greensboro, NC SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID CROSS-LINKED GELATIN; VEGETABLE TANNIN COMBINATIONS; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MALTODEXTRIN HYDROGELS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HIDE POWDER; LINKING; COLLAGEN; ALUMINUM AB Genipin is an iridoid compound extracted from gardenia fruits. Because of its low cytotoxicity, genipin can be used to replace both glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde as a crosslinking reagent. In recent years, research into the utilization of genipin for the modification of gelatin, particularly in the area of biomedical products, has increased. In prior research we had shown the potential of chemical (glutaraldehyde) and enzyme (transglutaminase) modified gelatin as fillers for leather. In this present Study, we investigated whether genipin-modified gelatin products would be applicable. We initially determined optimal reaction conditions of genipin with gelatin for the purpose of creating products with suitable molecular weight distributions, viscosities and melting temperatures that Would be appropriate for them to be used as fillers in leather processing. We applied the products to blue stock and, using epifluorescent microscopy, verified that these products were uniformly distributed through the blue stock and were not removed during washing. We scaled up these treatments and applied them to different areas of the hides; subsequently the pieces were retanned, colored and fatliquored (RCF), mechanical properties were determined and subjective evaluation was carried out. It was found that the mechanical properties were not significantly different from those of the control pieces and, with respect to Subjective evaluation (handle, fullness, break and color) the treated products fared better than the controls. We also investigated the hydrothemial stability of the blue stock and RCF samples and found that there was an improvement in the shrink temperature in the genipin/gelatin-treated samples. SEM showed that the fibers appeared to be coated with the product, a phenomenon that we had observed in studies using transglutaminase-modified proteins. Thus, genipin-modified gelatin has the potential to provide another environmentally safe alternative to the more conventional post tanning processes. C1 [Taylor, M. M.; Bumanlag, L. P.; Marmer, W. N.; Brown, E. M.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM maryann.taylor@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 104 IS 3 BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 419ZC UT WOS:000264257200001 ER PT J AU Hoel, DF Kline, DL Allan, SA AF Hoel, D. F. Kline, D. L. Allan, S. A. TI EVALUATION OF SIX MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR COLLECTION OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS AND ASSOCIATED MOSQUITO SPECIES IN A SUBURBAN SETTING IN NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; Mosquito Magnet Professional trap; Fay-Prince trap; CDC Wilton trap; Mosquito Magnet-X trap; Mosquito Magnet Liberty trap ID L-LACTIC ACID; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VISUAL RESPONSES; HARRIS COUNTY; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; AEGYPTI; ATTRACTANTS; SURVEILLANCE AB We compared 6 adult mosquito traps for effectiveness in collecting Aedes albopictus from Suburban backyards with the goal of finding a more suitable surveillance replacement for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap. Trap selection included 2 commercial propane traps (Mosquito Magnet(TM) Professional trap and Mosquito Magnet Liberty trap). 2 Aedes-specific traps (Fay-Prince Omnidirectional trap and Wilton trap), I experimental trap (Mosquito Magnet-X trap), and a standard surveillance CDC light trap that served as a control. Traps that did not generate carbon dioxide were provided with bottled CO, at a flow rate of 500 ml/min. Those traps designed for use with chemical attractants (Mosquito Magnet traps) were baited with Lurex(TM) (L-lactic acid) and octenol (1-octen-3-ol) commercial baits, known attractants to Ae. albopictus. Three repetitions of a 6 X 6 Latin square test yielded a total of 37,237 mosquitoes. of which 5,280 (14.2%) were Ae. albopictus. Significantly more (P < 0.05) Ae. albopictus were collected from the experimental and commercial traps (4,244/5,280; 80.3%) than from the CDC light trap and Aedes-specific traps. The Mosquito Magnet Liberty collected the most Ae. albopictus (1,591), accounting for 30.1% of the total take, followed closely by the Mosquito Magnet-X (1,468) and the Mosquito Magnet Pro (1,185). The omnidirectional Fay-Prince trap performed better than the CDC or Wilton trap. Twenty-seven mosquito species were collected during these trials, 9 species in large enough numbers for meaningful analysis. Aedes albopictus was the second most common mosquito trapped. The results of these trials indicate that propane-powered commercial traps would serve as useful substitutes in lieu of CDC traps in Ae. albopictus surveillance efforts. Trap features advantageous for collecting Ae. albopictus and other mosquito species are discussed. C1 [Kline, D. L.; Allan, S. A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.2987/08-5800.1 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 425UZ UT WOS:000264664300007 PM 19432068 ER PT J AU Talipov, SA Mamadrakhimov, AA Tiljakov, ZG Dowd, MK Ibragimov, BT Xonkeldieva, MT AF Talipov, Samat A. Mamadrakhimov, Azimjon A. Tiljakov, Zavkibek G. Dowd, Michael K. Ibragimov, Bakhtiyar T. Xonkeldieva, Muhabbat T. TI The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Dianhydrogossypol SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Clathrates; Cottonseed; Natural products; Solvates; Terpenes; X-ray structure; Zeolites ID NATURAL PRODUCT GOSSYPOL; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; DERIVATIVES; ANHYDROGOSSYPOL; DECOMPOSITION AB Dianhydrogossypol (4,4'-dihydroxy-5,5'-diisopropyl-7,7'-dimethyl- bis(3H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-3-one)) was made by refluxing gossypol in m-xylene. Proton NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm that complete conversion was achieved over a time period of several hours. Single crystals of the compound were obtained by slow evaporation from dichloromethane. Diffraction studies indicate that this crystal form is tetragonal with a I4(1)/a space group and with cell dimensions of a = b = 33.8265(4) angstrom, c = 9.1497(2) angstrom, V = 10469.4(3) angstrom(3) at 100 K. The structure was solved by direct methods and was refined to an R1 value of 0.0415 on 6,408 independent reflections. Dianhydrogossypol exists as a pair of enantiomers within this structure. The two fused planar ring systems are oriented at a 117 degrees angle to each other (i.e., close to perpendicular), and the isopropyl groups are oriented with the ternary carbon hydrogen atoms pointed inward toward the center of the molecule. Repeating groups of four molecules (of the same chirality) pack to form a helical structure that is supported by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Each helix is surrounded by four neighboring helices that are composed of molecules of the opposite chirality. The helices form the walls of empty channels that are 5-6 angstrom wide. As has been found for some gossypol crystal forms, the open-channel structure of dianhydrogossypol might be useful for scavenging or carrying small molecules. Additional NMR studies confirm that dianhydrogossypol can be converted directly to gossypol lactol ethers in the presence of anhydrous alcohols. C1 [Talipov, Samat A.; Mamadrakhimov, Azimjon A.; Tiljakov, Zavkibek G.; Ibragimov, Bakhtiyar T.; Xonkeldieva, Muhabbat T.] Inst Bioorgan Chem, Tashkent 100143, Uzbekistan. [Dowd, Michael K.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Talipov, SA (reprint author), Inst Bioorgan Chem, H Abdullaev Str 83, Tashkent 100143, Uzbekistan. EM ckrystal@uzsci.net; Michael.Dowd@ars.usda.gov OI Ibragimov, Bakhtiyar/0000-0002-9700-6227 FU Former Soviet Union, Agricultural Research Service (USDA) [P181]; Oxford Diffraction Ltd (UK) FX This work was supported by a grant (P181) from the Former Soviet Union, Agricultural Research Service (USDA) Collaborative Research Program. The authors also thank Oxford Diffraction Ltd (UK) for collection of the diffraction data. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1347-x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 444FQ UT WOS:000265966500002 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Taylor, SL Laszlo, JA Compton, DL Teel, JA AF Eller, F. J. Taylor, S. L. Laszlo, J. A. Compton, D. L. Teel, J. A. TI Counter-Current Carbon Dioxide Purification of Partially Deacylated Sunflower Oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Liquid carbon dioxide; Continuous counter-current fractionation; Sunflower oil; Fatty acid propyl ester; SoyScreen (TM) ID LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS; ACYL MIGRATION KINETICS; VEGETABLE-OIL; ETHYL-ESTERS; FRACTIONATION; EXTRACTION; ACID; CO2; 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROLS; DIACYLGLYCEROLS AB A liquid carbon dioxide counter-current fractionation method was developed to remove by-product fatty acid propyl esters (FAPEs) from the reaction mixture after the partial deacylation of sunflower oil. The fractionation column was 1.2 m long and separations were done at 25 degrees C and 8.27 MPa. Several solvent to feed ratios (S:FR) (i.e., 7.6, 15.2, 30.3 and 60.6 g/g) and feed rates (FR) (i.e., 1, 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 mL/min) at a constant S: FR of 15.2 were examined. Raffinate purity (i.e., percentage glycerides) and extract purity (i.e., percentage FAPEs) were both monitored. Percentage glycerides in both the raffinate and the extract increased with S: FR. The raffinate contained ca. 83, 97, 100 and 100% glycerides at S:FRs of 7.6, 15.2, 30.3 and 60.6, respectively. The percentage glycerides in the extracts were ca. 3, 4, 8 and 17%, respectively. With the S: FR held constant at 15.2, the raffinate purity peaked at ca. 99% glycerides at a FR of 2.5 mL/min and the extract at this FR contained ca. 96% FAPEs. The optimal S: FR and FR determined from the experimental assays was applied to large batches in both a semi-continuous feed mode, and later in a continuous feed mode, which gave raffinates of 99.3 and 98.1% glycerides, respectively, and extracts of 97.3 and 97.2% FAPEs, respectively. C1 [Eller, F. J.; Taylor, S. L.; Laszlo, J. A.; Compton, D. L.; Teel, J. A.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Fred.Eller@ARS.USDA.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1340-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 444FQ UT WOS:000265966500010 ER PT J AU Mishra, S Heckathorn, S Frantz, J Yu, FT Gray, J AF Mishra, Sasmita Heckathorn, Scott Frantz, Jonathan Yu, Futong Gray, John TI Effects of Boron Deficiency on Geranium Grown under Different Nonphotoinhibitory Light Levels SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Micronutrient; Pelargonium xhortorum; photosynthesis ID TRANSLATION INITIATION-FACTOR; PLANT-CELL-WALLS; SUNFLOWER LEAVES; STRESS TOLERANCE; BORIC-ACID; FACTOR 5A; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INTENSITY; PERMEABILITY; SENESCENCE AB Apart from a role in cell wall structure, specific functions for boron (B) in plants are unclear; hence, responses and adaptations to B stress are incompletely understood. We tested hypotheses that net photosynthesis (P) decreases with B deficiency before visible foliar symptoms and that higher nonphotoinhibitory light levels enhance soluble carbohydrate status and therefore mitigate B deficiency. Geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum L.H. Bailey cv. Nittany Lion Red) plants were grown hydroponically and were then exposed to normal (45 mu m) or deficient (0 mu M) Bat two light levels [100 or 300 mu mol.m(-2).s(-1) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)]. Photosynthesis [net CO(2) uptake, carboxylation, and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency] was monitored for 5 days, as were concentrations of B, chlorophyll, soluble sugars, total protein, and several photosynthetic and stress proteins [ribulose 1,5-bisphospate carboxylase oxygenase (rubisco), rubisco activase, oxygen-evolving complex-23 (OEC23), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-2 (eIF5A-2)]. Biomass and sugar concentration were greater in high light, and mass was decreased by B deficiency only in leaves in high light. Boron deficiency decreased [B] in all tissues, especially in new leaves. Carboxylation efficiency and P(n) decreased within 1 day of B deficiency in low light, but not until 5 days in high light. Chlorophyll concentration decreased, and Mn-SOD increased transiently, with B deficiency in both light levels, but no other effects of low B were observed. Protection of P(n) by higher light was confirmed in a different cultivar (Maverick White) grown at 100, 300, and 500 mu mol.m (2).s (1) PAR. Thus, in geranium, photosynthesis is affected by B deficiency before effects on leaf growth, and higher light can at least temporarily ameliorate B deficiency, perhaps partly due to enhanced carbohydrate status. C1 [Mishra, Sasmita; Heckathorn, Scott] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan] Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Yu, Futong; Gray, John] Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Mishra, S (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM sasmita.mishra@utoledo.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [SCA 58-3607-4-199] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (SCA 58-3607-4-199 to J. Gray and S.A. Heckathorn). The authors thank Drs. Tzann-Wei Wang, Archie Portis, and Edith Camm/Ann Eastman for antisera to specific proteins; D. Wang, K. Mainali, R. Tripathee, and the reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript; and Douglas Sturtz and Alycia Pittenger for nutrient analysis. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 134 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WS UT WOS:000279015500003 ER PT J AU Richards, CM Volk, GM Reeves, PA Reilley, AA Henk, AD Forsline, PL Aldwinckle, HS AF Richards, Christopher M. Volk, Gayle M. Reeves, Patrick A. Reilley, Ann A. Henk, Adam D. Forsline, Philip L. Aldwinckle, Herb S. TI Selection of Stratified Core Sets Representing Wild Apple (Malus sieversii) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE simple sequence repeat; genetic diversity; Kazakhstan; genotype; phenotype ID GENETIC-RESOURCES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; COLLECTIONS; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; GERMPLASM; MARKERS; MICROSATELLITES; ALGORITHM AB We estimate the minimum core size necessary to maximally represent a portion of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Plant Germplasm System apple (Malus) collection. We have identified a subset of Mains sieversii individuals that complements the previously published core subsets for two collection sites within Kazakhstan. We compared the size and composition of this complementary subset with a core set composed without restrictions. Because the genetic structure of this species has been previously determined, we were able to identify the origin of individuals within this core set with respect to their geographic location and genetic lineage. In addition, this core set is structured in a way that samples all of the major genetic lineages identified in this collection. The resulting panel of genotypes captures a broad range of phenotypic and molecular variation throughout Kazakhstan. These samples will provide a manageable entry point into the larger collection and will be critical in developing a long-term strategy for ex situ wild Malus conservation. C1 [Richards, Christopher M.; Volk, Gayle M.; Reeves, Patrick A.; Reilley, Ann A.; Henk, Adam D.] USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Forsline, Philip L.] USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Aldwinckle, Herb S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Richards, CM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Chris.Richards@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013; OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079; Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 134 IS 2 BP 228 EP 235 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WS UT WOS:000279015500008 ER PT J AU Hu, DY Scorza, R AF Hu, Dongyan Scorza, Ralph TI Analysis of the 'A72' Peach Tree Growth Habit and Its Inheritance in Progeny Obtained from Crosses of 'A72' with Columnar Peach Trees SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; forked-branch; lateral branching; late flowering; breeding; dwarf; semidwarf ID COMPACT AB Since the first report of the 'A72' semidwarf peach [Pranus persica (L..) Batsch] tree in 1975, no new information has become available on this genotype. We evaluated the growth habit and verified the inheritance of 'A72' in a population of 220 progeny derived from self-pollination. Detailed tree and branch measurements revealed a unique forked-branch (FBR) character of the 'A72' (Nn) phenotype. The progeny segregated into 1 NN:2 Nn:1 nn. NN trees were indistinguishable from standard peach trees, Nn were FBR, and nn were dwarf. Hybrids between 'A72' and columnar (brbr) peach trees confirmed that FBR is inherited as a monogenic trait that appears to express incomplete dominance. 'A72' (Nn) trees were later blooming than sibling NN trees. The relationship (linkage or pleiotropy) between the growth habit of 'A72' and late bloom is not known. The structure of 'A72' trees presents new opportunities to breeder/geneticists, physiologists, and horticulturists to further explore the plasticity of peach tree growth and architecture that can be achieved through breeding. Applications of the 'A72' growth habit for commercial fruit production and as an ornamental, particularly in the dwarf form (nn) and in combination with the columnar tree (brbr) form, present opportunities that await exploration. C1 [Hu, Dongyan; Scorza, Ralph] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hu, Dongyan] Beijing Bot Garden, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ralph.scorza@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 134 IS 2 BP 236 EP 243 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WS UT WOS:000279015500009 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Lightbourn, GJ Winkel, BS Griesbach, RJ AF Stommel, John R. Lightbourn, Gordon J. Winkel, Brenda S. Griesbach, Robert J. TI Transcription Factor Families Regulate the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway in Capsicum annuum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ans; Chs; delphinidin; Dfr; Myb; Myc; pepper; WD40 ID PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COLORFUL MODEL; WD-REPEAT; MYB GENE; MAIZE; PLANTS; ISOMERASE; PROTEIN AB Anthocyanin structural gene transcription requires the expression of at least one member of each of three transcription factor families: MYC, MYB, and WD40. These transcription factors form a complex that binds to structural gene promoters, thereby modulating gene expression. Capsicum annuum L. (pepper) displays a wide spectrum of tissue-specific anthocyanin pigmentation, making it a useful model for the study of anthocyanin accumulation. To determine the genetic basis for tissue-specific pigmentation, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic (Chs, Dfr, and Ans) and regulatory (Myc, Myb(A), and Wd) genes in flower, fruit, and foliar tissue from pigmented and nonpigmented C annuum genotypes. No differences were observed in expression of the Wd gene among these tissues. However, in all cases, biosynthetic gene transcript levels were significantly higher in anthocyanin-pigmented tissue than in nonpigmented tissues. Myb(A) and Myc transcript levels were also substantially higher in anthocyanin-pigmented floral and fruit tissues. Our results demonstrate that differential expression of C. annum Myb(A) as well as Myc occurs coincident with anthocyanin accumulation in C. annuum flower and fruit tissues. In contrast to the situation in flowers and fruit, differential expression of Myb(A) and Myc was not observed in foliar tissue, suggesting that different mechanisms contribute to the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in different parts of the C. annum plant. Cloning and sequencing of Myb(A) genomic and cDNA clones revealed two introns of 249 and 441 bp between the R2R3 domains. Whereas the Myb R2R3 domains were conserved between C. annuum and Petunia xhybrida Vilm., the sequence of the non-R2R3 domains was not conserved, with very little homology in these related Solanaceous species. C1 [Stommel, John R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab,Plant S, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lightbourn, Gordon J.; Winkel, Brenda S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Griesbach, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab,Plant S, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.stommel@ars.usda.gov RI Winkel, Brenda/A-6602-2008 OI Winkel, Brenda/0000-0003-3481-024X FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [58-3K95-5-1074] FX This work was supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (58-3K95-5-1074) with McCorkle Nursery and Kerry's Bromeliad Nursery. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 134 IS 2 BP 244 EP 251 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WS UT WOS:000279015500010 ER PT J AU Pataky, JK Williams, MM Riechers, DE Meyer, MD AF Pataky, Jerald K. Williams, Martin M., II Riechers, Dean E. Meyer, Michael D. TI A Common Genetic Basis for Cross-sensitivity to Mesotrione and Nicosulfuron in Sweet Corn Hybrid Cultivars and Inbreds Grown throughout North America SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; herbicide selectivity; tolerance; Zea mays ID ZEA-MAYS CULTIVARS; APPLIED POSTEMERGENCE; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE; MAIZE; PRIMISULFURON; BENTAZON; INHERITANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LINES AB Mutation of a cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene on the short arm of chromosome five, referred to as nsf1 or hen!, conditions sensitivity to certain P450-metabolized herbicides in corn (Zen mays L.). Previous research has shown that the sweet corn inbred Cr1 is sensitive to nicosulfuron, mesotrione, and at least seven other P450-metabolized herbicides with five different modes of action. Although the nsf1/ben1 CYP gene has not been sequenced from Cr1, a QTL that conditions cross-sensitivity to P450-metabolized herbicides was detected in a segregating population of Cr1 x Cr2 (herbicide tolerant) on the short arm chromosome five in tight linkage disequilibrium with the nsf1/ben1 CYP locus. Sweet corn hybrid cultivars and inbreds that had been identified in previous research as being susceptible to injury from P450-metabolized herbicides were tested in this study to determine if they were allelic with Cr1 for cross-sensitivity to nicosulfuron and mesotrione. These cultivars and inbreds were developed by 12 independent commercial breeding programs. These cultivars include sugary, sugary enhancer, and shrunken-2 endosperm types that are grown for processing and fresh consumption in markets throughout North America and in other temperate climates throughout the world. Each hybrid cultivar, their F(2) progeny, and progeny from testcrosses of cultivars with Cr1 and Cr2 were evaluated for responses to mesotrione and nicosulfuron. Each inbred line, progeny from crosses of inbreds with Cr1 and Cr2, and F2 progeny from crosses of inbreds with Cr1 were also tested. Based on segregation of progeny from testcrosses with Cr1 and Cr2 and the F2 generation, 45 sweet corn hybrid cultivars and 29 sweet corn inbreds, including lines from each of the 12 breeding programs, appeared to be sensitive to nicosulfuron and mesotrione as the result of a gene that is the same as or very closely linked to the gene in Cr1. None of the cultivars or inbreds appeared to be sensitive to these herbicides as a result of other independent genes; however, additional genes that modify responses to these herbicides may be present in a few cases. The presence of a gene conditioning sensitivity to nicosulfuron and mesotrione, and probably to several other P450-metablolized herbicides, provides an explanation for varied levels of injury and inconsistent responses of sweet corn hybrid cultivars under differing environmental conditions. This information provides a basis from which an industry-wide concern with herbicide sensitivity in sweet corn can be addressed by various methods, including the elimination of an allele rendering germplasm sensitive. C1 [Pataky, Jerald K.; Riechers, Dean E.; Meyer, Michael D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pataky, JK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM j-pataky@illinois.edu FU Midwest Food Processors Association FX A portion of this research was supported by funding from the Midwest Food Processors Association. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 134 IS 2 BP 252 EP 260 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WS UT WOS:000279015500011 ER PT J AU Garris, A Clark, L Owens, C Mckay, S Luby, J Mathiason, K Fennell, A AF Garris, Amanda Clark, Lindsay Owens, Chris McKay, Steven Luby, James Mathiason, Kathy Fennell, Anne TI Mapping of Photoperiod-induced Growth Cessation in the Wild Grape Vitis riparia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE QTL; endodormancy; lateral buds; microsatellite; SSR ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; COLD-ACCLIMATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; BUD DORMANCY; BLACK COTTONWOOD; BETULA-PENDULA; GENOME LENGTH; HYBRID ASPEN; QTL ANALYSIS AB In grapevines ( Vitis spp.), the timing of growth cessation in the fall is an important aspect of adaptation and a key objective in breeding new grape cultivars suitable for continental climates. Growth cessation is a complex biological process that is initiated by environmental cues such as daylength and temperature, as well as water and nutrient availability. The genetic control of growth cessation in grapevines was studied by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a hybrid grape population. An F-2 mapping population was developed by selfing a single F-1 plant derived from a cross between an accession of the North American species Vitis riparia and the Vitis hybrid wine cultivar Seyval (Seyve-Villard 5-276). A linkage map was constructed using 115 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and six candidate genes in a population of 119 F2 progeny. The markers provided coverage of the 19 Vitis linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 8.4 cM. The critical photoperiod for growth cessation in lateral buds for the parents and F-2 progeny was determined in a replicated field trial in 2001 and 2002 and under controlled photoperiod treatments in a greenhouse in 2002, 2003, and 2004. QTL. analysis using composite interval mapping identified a single major QTL in the field and greenhouse trials. However, the field and greenhouse QTL, mapped to different linkage groups in the two different environments, suggesting the presence of additional, nonphotoperiodic cues for induction of growth cessation in the field. In the greenhouse, where noninducing temperatures were maintained, a QTL on linkage group (LG) 13 explained 80.0% to 96.6% of the phenotypic variance of critical photoperiod for growth cessation. In the field, where vines experienced natural fluctuations in temperature and rainfall in addition to the naturally decreasing photoperiod, a QTL on LG 11 explained 85.4% to 94.3% of phenotypic variance. C1 [Garris, Amanda; Clark, Lindsay; Owens, Chris] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [McKay, Steven; Luby, James] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55413 USA. [Mathiason, Kathy; Fennell, Anne] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Garris, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, 630 West North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM amanda.garris@ars.usda.gov RI Clark, Lindsay/B-3165-2008 NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 134 IS 2 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WS UT WOS:000279015500012 ER PT J AU Zhou, SP Sauve, R Fish, T Thannhauser, TW AF Zhou, Suping Sauve, Roger Fish, Tara Thannhauser, Theodore W. TI Salt-induced and Salt-suppressed Proteins in Tomato Leaves SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE proteomics; ferredoxin; NADP (+) reductase; rubisco activase; quinone oxidoreductase; pyrophosphorylase; heat shock; germin; Solanum lycopersicum ID NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE-1; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; SALINITY TOLERANCE; TRANSGENIC TOMATO; UDP-GLUCOSE; STRESS; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum CV. Money Maker) seedlings at the two-leaf stage were grown in one-half strength Hoagland solution supplemented with 50 mm NaCl for 4 days, with 100 mm NaCl for 4 days, with 150 mm NaCl for 4 days, and with a final concentration 200 mm NaCl for 2 clays. Solutions were refreshed every 2 days for treated and untreated seedlings. Non-treated plants were grown in nonamended one-half strength Hoagland solution. Three biological replicates (BR) were included for treated and control experiments. At the end of treatments, the uppermost three newly expanded leaves from all 12 plants in each BR were collected and bulked to extract total protein. Proteomic analysis resulted in the identification of several salt-induced and salt-suppressed proteins. Salt-induced proteins were: vacuolar H(+)-LATPase A1 subunit isoform (1.6-fold), germin-like protein (1.5-fold), ferredoxin-NADP (+) reductase (1.2-fold), quinone oxidoreductase-like protein (4.4-fold), heat-shock protein (4.9-fold), and pyrophosphorylase (1.7-fold). Salt-suppressed proteins were: ATPase alpha subunit (-1.5-fold) and rubisco activase (-1.4-fold). Proteins identified in this study affect cellular activities for antioxidant, stress protection, carbon fixation, and carbohydrate partitioning in young tomato leaves under salt stress. C1 [Zhou, Suping; Sauve, Roger] Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Fish, Tara; Thannhauser, Theodore W.] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth 102A, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhou, SP (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. EM zsuping@tnstate.edu FU CSREES-USDA Capacity Building [2005-38814-16424]; ARS CRIS [1907-21000-024-00D]; NSF [DBI-0606596] FX This work was supported by a CSREES-USDA Capacity Building Grant (no. 2005-38814-16424), by ARS CRIS project number 1907-21000-024-00D, and by NSF DBI-0606596. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 134 IS 2 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WS UT WOS:000279015500015 ER PT J AU Goyer, A Navarre, DA AF Goyer, Aymeric Navarre, Duroy A. TI Folate is higher in developmentally younger potato tubers SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE folate; Solanum tuberosum; development; gene expression ID P-AMINOBENZOATE BRANCH; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRIENZYME EXTRACTION; PLANTS; HOMOCYSTEINE; POPULATION; VITAMIN-B-12; AFFINITY; FOODS AB BACKGROUND: Folate deficiency is a global nutritional problem and is problematic even in the developed world. Several studies have shown that, because of their high consumption, potatoes are an important source of dietary folate. New or baby potatoes constitute a valuable niche market that has been expanding in recent years. In this study, folate concentrations were measured throughout tuber development, including the new potato stage. RESULTS: Folate concentrations were determined in tubers from three cultivars harvested at regular intervals throughout the growing season. Folate was higher in young tubers and dropped 2.6- to 3.4-fold by the time of harvest. Analysis of the transcription of 11 genes involved in folate metabolism suggested that developmental changes in folate concentrations may be controlled primarily at the post-transcriptional level. CONCLUSION: Folate concentrations were higher in younger tubers and substantially higher in some cultivars. New potatoes can be a significant source of folate, and new potato characteristics such as this are likely to be valued by consumers. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Navarre, Duroy A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Navarre, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM roy.navarre@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission FX We thank Dr Rick Knowles for the generous gift of some tuber samples. We are grateful to the Washington State Potato Commission for funding part of this research. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 89 IS 4 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3470 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 410GW UT WOS:000263566500004 ER PT J AU Jin, P Zheng, YH Tang, SS Rui, HJ Wang, CY AF Jin, Peng Zheng, Yonghua Tang, Shuangshuang Rui, Huaijin Wang, Chien Y. TI Enhancing disease resistance in peach fruit with methyl jasmonate SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE peach fruit; methyl jasmonate; decay; disease resistance ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; POSTHARVEST APPLICATION; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; POSSIBLE MECHANISMS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT CHITINASES; SALICYLIC-ACID; LOQUAT FRUIT; ROT; QUALITY AB BACKGROUND: Peaches are susceptible to microbial decay during postharvest distribution at ambient temperature. To search for effective alternatives to currently used fungicides for disease control, in this study the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on disease resistance and fruit decay of peaches after harvest in response to pathogen attack was investigated. RESULTS: Freshly harvested peaches were treated with 1 mu mol L-1 MeJA vapour at 20 degrees C for 24 h. At 0, 12, 24 and 36 h after this treatment, both treated and untreated fruits were artificially wounded and inoculated with Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifer spore suspension (1 x 10(5) spores mL(-1)) and then incubated at 20 degrees C for 6 days. MeJA treatment significantly reduced the postharvest diseases. Incubation for 12 h was the optimal length of time after MeJA treatment, resulting in the lowest disease incidence and lesion diameter for all pathogens. The activities of defence enzymes including chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were enhanced by MeJA treatment, and the level of total phenolics in MeJA-treated fruit was also higher than that in control fruit. In addition, MeJA affected hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-metabolising enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and induced a higher level of H2O2 during incubation, which might serve as a signal to induce resistance against P. expansum. CONCLUSION: MeJA was effective in reducing decay and might enhance disease resistance in peach fruit by increasing levels of antipathogenic proteins and antimicrobial phenolic compounds. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Jin, Peng; Zheng, Yonghua; Tang, Shuangshuang; Rui, Huaijin] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chien Y.] ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zheng, YH (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM zhengyh@njau.edu.cn NR 38 TC 38 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 89 IS 5 BP 802 EP 808 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3516 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 427CW UT WOS:000264758400010 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, Vincent M. TI Nutrient content and yield in relation to top breakover in onion developed from greenhouse-grown transplants SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; bulb; cultivar; development; size; weight ID NITROGEN; HARVEST; DENSITY; AGE AB BACKGROUND: Onions (Allium cepa L.) generally are harvested based on percentage of tops broken over. Since plant metabolism changes over time, percentage of tops broken over may be used to determine a harvest time to deliver marketable bulbs with the best nutrient content. RESULTS: The cultivars Candy and Texas Grano 1015 Y were harvested at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% breakover in 2006 and 2007. Larger and heavier bulbs were produced by Candy and in 2006, the year with near-normal precipitation. There was little difference in bulb size and weight due to percent breakover. Contents of chemical moieties in bulbs were affected by year, with the majority of values being higher in 2006, and there were either no differences due to cultivar, or where differences were found nitrate-N, phosphate and sulfate contents were lower in Candy. Soluble solids content was lower in 2006 and higher in Candy. Content of nitrogen and phosphorous in a Kjeldahl digest, nitrate-N, phosphate, potassium and sulfate were either linearly or quadratically distributed over percent breakover. Nitrite-N, calcium, magnesium, sodium and soluble solids were randomly distributed over percent breakover. Bulb size and weight did not change from the 20% breakover point, and most of the chemical moieties analyzed, with the exception of nitrate- and nitrite-N values, were highest below the 30% breakover. CONCLUSION: Harvest occurring soon after breakover begins could be beneficial in terms of nutrient content without loss of bulb size or weight. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, 911 Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usdo@lane-ag.org NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 89 IS 5 BP 815 EP 820 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3518 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 427CW UT WOS:000264758400012 ER PT J AU Wilson, WC Letchworth, GJ Jimenez, C Herrero, MV Navarro, R Paz, P Cornish, TE Smoliga, G Pauszek, SJ Dornak, C George, M Rodriguez, LL AF Wilson, William C. Letchworth, Geoffrey J. Jimenez, Carlos Herrero, Marco V. Navarro, Roberto Paz, Pedro Cornish, Todd E. Smoliga, George Pauszek, Steven J. Dornak, Carrie George, Marcos Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Field evaluation of a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Vesicular stomatitis virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; validation; Vesicular stomatitis virus ID NEW-JERSEY VIRUS; RNA VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; REEMERGENCE; SEQUENCES; SEROTYPE; FITNESS AB Sporadic Outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in the United States result in significant economic losses for the U.S. livestock industries because VS is a reportable disease that clinically mimics foot-and-mouth disease. Rapid and accurate differentiation of these 2 diseases is critical because their consequences and control strategies differ radically. The objective of the current study was to field validate a 1-tube multiplexed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assay for the rapid detection of Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus and Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus strains occurring in Mexico and North and Central America. A comprehensive collection of 622 vesicular lesion samples obtained from cattle, horses, and swine from throughout Mexico and Central America was tested by the real-time RTPCR assay and virus isolation. Overall, clinical sensitivity and specificity of the real-time RT-PCR were 83% and 99%, respectively. Interestingly, VS virus isolates originating from a specific region of Costa Rica were not detected by real-time RT-PCR. Sequence comparisons of these viruses with the real-time RT-PCR probe and primers showed mismatches in the probe and forward and reverse primer regions. Additional lineage-specific primers and a probe corrected the lack of detection of the missing genetic lineage. Thus, this assay reliably identified existing Mexican and Central American VS viruses and proved readily adaptable as new VS viruses were encountered. An important secondary result of this research was the collection of hundreds of new VS virus isolates that provide a foundation from which many additional Studies can arise. C1 [Smoliga, George; Pauszek, Steven J.; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Wilson, William C.; Letchworth, Geoffrey J.] ARS, Arthropod Borne Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY USA. [Jimenez, Carlos; Herrero, Marco V.] Univ Nacl Heredia, Escuela Med Vet, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Cornish, Todd E.; Dornak, Carrie] Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [George, Marcos] Lab Diagnost Enfermedades Vesiculares, Panama City, Panama. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [1940-32000-041-00X] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Irene Lopez, Luis Martin, and the personnel of Region VI from the Exotic Animal Disease Commission (EADC) in Mexico for collecting, storing, and processing of Mexico strains. The authors thank Rocio Cortes and Jorge Prendas for technical help at the School of Veterinary Medicine in Costa Rica, the LADIVES technical personnel in Panama, the Costa Rica Screwworm Eradication Program personnel, the numerous veterinarians and farmers from Central American countries that Submitted samples to LADIVES, and the EADC veterinarians in Mexico who collected the field material. This project was funded by USDA-ARS project 1940-32000-041-00X. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 421XH UT WOS:000264391100001 PM 19286495 ER PT J AU Stegelmeier, BL Sani, Y Pfister, JA AF Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Sani, Yulvian Pfister, James A. TI Baccharis pteronioides toxicity in livestock and hamsters SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Baccharis pteronioides; hepatic-infarct; miophitocen; myotoxin; roridin; vasculitis; verrucarin ID MACROCYCLIC TRICHOTHECENES; CORIDIFOLIA COMPOSITAE; MEGAPOTAMICA; GRISEBACHII; CATTLE; MICE AB Baccharis pteronioides DC has been intermittently associated with livestock poisoning in the southwestern United States. In 2004, nearly 100 cows were reported poisoned by B. pteronioides in southern New Mexico. Initial field Studies and postmortem examinations found drought conditions, evidence of B. pteronioides consumption, and a reported mortality of nearly 40%. Because postmortem materials were Unsuitable for further examination, plant samples were collected for feeding trials and chemical evaluation. Forty-eight Syrian hamsters (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups and dosed with 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg of B. pteronioides for 10 days. After dosing, the hamsters were necropsied; sera were analyzed biochemically; and tissues were collected and evaluated histologically. The hamsters treated with 200 mg and several of the 100-mg animals developed anorexia and diarrhea. These animals developed multiple hemorrhagic infarcts in the liver and kidney, with severe hemorrhagic enteritis. Histologically, the higher-dosed animals had severe necrotizing vasculitis with vascular thrombosis of hepatic and renal vessels. Many glomerular capillaries contained fibrin thrombi. The superficial intestinal and colonic mucosa was necrotic, with extensive hemorrhage and proliferation of luminal bacteria. Lower-dosed animals had mild hepatocellular swelling, with proliferation of intestinal and gastric bacteria and yeast. The findings indicate that at high doses, B. pteronioides is toxic to hamsters and produces lesions that are very similar to bacterial endotoxin-produced vasculitis and infarction. Research to purify and identify the toxin, the toxic dose, and mechanism of toxicity are ongoing. C1 [Stegelmeier, Bryan L.; Pfister, James A.] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Sani, Yulvian] Res Inst Vet Sci, Bogor, Indonesia. RP Stegelmeier, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM bryan.stegelmeier@ars.usda.gov FU Utah Agriculture Experiment Station (Utah State University, Logan, UT) FX The authors thank Ed Knoppel and Joseph Jacobson for their assistance in animal care and laboratory technical expertise, and Drs. Larry D. Stuart, John C. Reagor, and Anthony P. Knight for their constructive review of this manuscript. This research was partially supported by the Utah Agriculture Experiment Station (Utah State University, Logan, UT), and approved as journal paper number 7997. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 208 EP 213 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 421XH UT WOS:000264391100005 PM 19286499 ER PT J AU Wilson, WC O'Hearn, ES Tellgren-Roth, C Stallknecht, DE Mead, DG Mecham, JO AF Wilson, William C. O'Hearn, Emily S. Tellgren-Roth, Christian Stallknecht, David E. Mead, Daniel G. Mecham, James O. TI Detection of all eight serotypes of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bluetongue virus; Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus; real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; PROTEIN; CATTLE; GENE; DEER; DIAGNOSIS; SHEEP; PCR AB Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) has been associated with bluetongue-like disease ill cattle. Although U.S. EHDV strains have not been experimentally proven to cause disease in cattle, there is serologic evidence of infection. Differentiation of Bluetongue virus (BTV) and EHDV is necessary because diagnosis of infection caused by these viruses is often confused. The previously developed nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) test for indigenous EHDV disease is sensitive and specific, but it is prone to contamination problems. Additionally, the EHDV nRT-PCR only detects 7 of the 8 serotypes. To develop all improved diagnostic test, sequence analysis was performed on 2 conserved target genes; one is highly expressed in infected mammalian cells, whereas the other is highly expressed in infected insect cells. This information was used to develop a rapid EHDV real-time PCR that detects all 8 EHDV serotypes. The EHDV assay did not cross-react with BTV strains and performed similarly to the nRT-PCR tests with archived clinical samples. In addition, it is superior to the nRT-PCR, not only because it is a closed system with fewer cross-contamination problems, but also because it detects all 8 serotypes and is less labor and time intensive. C1 [Wilson, William C.] ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Tellgren-Roth, Christian] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Stallknecht, David E.; Mead, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. RP Wilson, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM william.wilson@ars.usda.gov RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5410-32000-011-00D, 5410-32000-016-00D]; National Institutes of Health [P20 RR016474] FX The authors acknowledge Donna Johnson and Dr. Eileen Ostlund from Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-National Veterinary Services Laboratories (Ames, IA) for providing RNA from the exotic strains of BTV and EHDV necessary to complete this study. This project was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service projects 5410-32000-011-00D and 5410-32000-016-00D. Bioinformatic analysis was supported by National Institutes of Health grant P20 RR016474 from the IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence Program of the National Center for Research Resources. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIH or the USDA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 421XH UT WOS:000264391100007 PM 19286501 ER PT J AU Alcaraz, A Warren, A Jackson, C Gold, J Mccoy, M Cheong, SH Kimball, S Sells, S Taus, NS Divers, T Li, H AF Alcaraz, Ana Warren, Amy Jackson, Carney Gold, Jennifer McCoy, Morgan Cheong, Soon Hon Kimball, Sam Sells, Steve Taus, Naomi S. Divers, Tom Li, Hong TI Naturally occurring sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in North American pigs SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Malignant catarrhal fever; Ovine herpesvirus 2; pigs; sheep ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; PCR; INFECTION; VIRUS; DEER AB Two cases of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in pigs were diagnosed on a small farm in New York, and in Kentucky. In both cases, the initial diagnosis was based on histopathological changes representing typical lymphoproliferative vasculitis in multiple tissues of the affected pigs. Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the tissues of affected pigs in both cases. The amplified sequences were identical between the clinically affected pigs and the OvHV-2-infected sheep. Additional virological and bacteriological examination showed that the affected pigs were negative for agents that cause Aujeszky's disease, classical swine fever, porcine enterovirus, and rabies. An antibody against a conserved epitope among MCF viruses was detected in 1 clinically affected pig and 2 unaffected cohort pigs, as well as in all the associated sheep. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of porcine MCF in North America, and suggests that OvHV-2 is associated with clinical MCF in pigs. C1 [Alcaraz, Ana; Warren, Amy; Kimball, Sam] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gold, Jennifer; Cheong, Soon Hon; Divers, Tom] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jackson, Carney; McCoy, Morgan; Sells, Steve] Univ Kentucky, Livestock Dis Diagnost Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. [Taus, Naomi S.; Li, Hong] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Alcaraz, A (reprint author), Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, 309 E 2nd St, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. EM aalcaraz@westernu.edu RI Cheong, Soon Hon/H-4766-2013 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [CWU 5348-32000-024-00D] FX This work was partly supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS; CWU 5348-32000-024-00D). The authors thank the laboratory staff at the New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University, and the Kentucky Livestock Disease and Diagnostic Center at the University of Kentucky, for technical assistance. The authors also thank Janice Keller, Lori Fuller, and Shirley Elias at the Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, and Washington State University for technical assistance, and Duncan Russell for assistance with the figures. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 250 EP 253 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 421XH UT WOS:000264391100014 PM 19286508 ER PT J AU Winter, JL Barber, LG Freeman, L Griessmayr, PC Milbury, PE Blumberg, JB AF Winter, J. L. Barber, L. G. Freeman, L. Griessmayr, P. C. Milbury, P. E. Blumberg, J. B. TI Antioxidant Status and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Dogs with Lymphoma SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cancer; Chemotherapy; Dietary supplements; Nutrition ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CANCER-CHEMOTHERAPY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREE-RADICALS; HUMAN-DISEASE; PLASMA; GLUTATHIONE; PATHOGENESIS; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY AB Oxidative stress might play a role in carcinogenesis, as well as impacting morbidity and mortality of veterinary cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma before treatment and once in remission, with comparison with healthy controls. Dogs with lymphoma have increased oxidant and reduced antioxidant concentrations compared with healthy controls, and that these abnormalities normalize once remission is achieved. Seventeen dogs with lymphoma and 10 healthy controls. Prospective, observational study. Measures of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde and total isoprostanes (isoP)] and antioxidants [alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx)] were assessed in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma before treatment compared with healthy control dogs. The same parameters were measured in the dogs with lymphoma on week 7 of the chemotherapy protocol when all dogs were in remission. At baseline, dogs with lymphoma had significantly lower alpha-tocopherol (P <.001) and gamma-tocopherol (P = .003) but higher GSHPx (P = .05), ORAC (P = .001), and isoP (P < .001) compared with healthy controls. In the dogs with lymphoma, alpha-tocopherol concentrations were higher (P = .005) and ascorbic acid were lower (P = .04) after treatment. Results suggest that dogs with lymphoma have alterations in oxidant and antioxidant concentrations and that the status of some of these biomarkers normalize after remission. Further studies are warranted to determine whether antioxidant interventions to correct these are beneficial in the treatment of canine lymphoma. C1 [Winter, J. L.; Barber, L. G.; Freeman, L.; Griessmayr, P. C.] Tufts Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [Milbury, P. E.; Blumberg, J. B.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Barber, LG (reprint author), Tufts Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. EM lisa.barber@tufts.edu FU NestlE Purina PetCare; USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-00] FX Funded by a grant from NestlE Purina PetCare and the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-00. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0273.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 414JN UT WOS:000263859800012 PM 19210312 ER PT J AU Weiser, GC Miller, DS Drew, ML Rhyan, JC Ward, ACS AF Weiser, Glen C. Miller, David S. Drew, Mark L. Rhyan, Jack C. Ward, Alton C. S. TI VARIATION IN PASTEURELLA (BIBERSTEINIA) AND MANNHEIMIA SPP. FOLLOWING TRANSPORT AND ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT IN FREE-RANGING AND CAPTIVE ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS CANADENSIS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Bighorn sheep; florfenicol; Mannheimia; Ovis canadensis canadensis; oxytetracycline; Pasteurella (Bibersteinia) trehalosi ID BOVINE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; LONG-ACTING OXYTETRACYCLINE; HAEMOLYTICA VACCINE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; DOMESTIC SHEEP; FLORFENICOL; MULTOCIDA; EFFICACY; CALVES; LAMBS AB Morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory disease following capture and translocation of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) is a significant concern, particularly when establishing new or augmenting existing bighorn populations. Administration of prophylactic antibiotics at the time of capture is often done to minimize the risk of respiratory disease, but the efficacy of this practice is unknown. The effects of oxytetracycline and florfenicol on the Pasteurella (Bibersteinia) and Mannheimia spp. isolated from samples collected from the oropharynx at the time of capture and 3 or 42 day later were evaluated in two groups of bighorn sheep. The most evident change in the isolation rates or types of Pasteurella (Bibersteinia) spp., Mannheimia spp., or both was an increase of beta-hemolytic strains isolated from bighorn sheep 3 day following oxytetracycline treatment. Both groups of bighorn sheep carried Pasteurella (Bibersteinia) trehalosi identified as the same biovariants, but they did not share biovariants of Mannheimia spp. No animals had signs of respiratory disease. Isolates representative of all biovariants present in cultures from the two bighorn sheep groups were sensitive to in vitro tests to both oxytetracycline and florfenicol and the majority were also sensitive to seven other antibiotics tested. The administration of neither oxytetracycline nor florfenicol eliminated Pasteurella (Bibersteinia) or Mannheimia from the oropharyngeal mucosa. Resistance to either antibiotic used in these animals was not noted. Although the prophylactic benefits of these drugs in preventing disease are uncertain. therapeutic levels of antibiotics in lung tissue during times of stress may reduce the risk of disease. Representative sampling of the oropharyngeal microflora of bighorn sheep source and recipient populations prior to being intermingled should be considered as one of the tools to minimize exposure of naive populations to potentially pathogenic bacteria. C1 [Weiser, Glen C.; Ward, Alton C. S.] Univ Idaho, Caine Vet Teaching Ctr, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. [Miller, David S.] Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miller, David S.] Genesis Labs, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Drew, Mark L.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Hlth Lab, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. [Rhyan, Jack C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Weiser, GC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Caine Vet Teaching Ctr, 1020 E Homedale Rd, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. EM gweiser@uidaho.edu NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1638/2008-0110.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 427JO UT WOS:000264775800017 PM 19368250 ER PT J AU McGarigal, K Tagil, S Cushman, SA AF McGarigal, Kevin Tagil, Sermin Cushman, Samuel A. TI Surface metrics: an alternative to patch metrics for the quantification of landscape structure SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Landscape gradient model; Surface patterns; Landscape heterogeneity; Landscape metrics; Landscape pattern ID ECOLOGY; VEGETATION; ROUGHNESS; SCALE; FRAGMENTATION; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS; MODEL; AREA AB Modern landscape ecology is based on the patch mosaic paradigm, in which landscapes are conceptualized and analyzed as mosaics of discrete patches. While this model has been widely successful, there are many situations where it is more meaningful to model landscape structure based on continuous rather than discrete spatial heterogeneity. The growing field of surface metrology offers a variety of surface metrics for quantifying landscape gradients, yet these metrics are largely unknown and/or unused by landscape ecologists. In this paper, we describe a suite of surface metrics with potential for landscape ecological application. We assessed the redundancy among metrics and sought to find groups of similarly behaved metrics by examining metric performance across 264 sample landscapes in western Turkey. For comparative purposes and to evaluate the robustness of the observed patterns, we examined 16 different patch mosaic models and 18 different landscape gradient models of landscape structure. Surface metrics were highly redundant, but less so than patch metrics, and consistently aggregated into four cohesive clusters of similarly behaved metrics representing surface roughness, shape of the surface height distribution, and angular and radial surface texture. While the surface roughness metrics have strong analogs among the patch metrics, the other surface components are largely unique to landscape gradients. We contend that the surface properties we identified are nearly universal and have potential to offer new insights into landscape pattern-process relationships. C1 [McGarigal, Kevin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Tagil, Sermin] Balikesir Univ, Dept Geog, TR-10100 Balikesir, Turkey. [Cushman, Samuel A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP McGarigal, K (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mcgarigalk@nrc.umass.edu OI TAGIL, Sermin/0000-0001-9496-6823 FU Cooperative State Research; Extension; Education Service; US Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Department of Natural Resources Conservation [3321]; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, under project International Postdoctoral Research Scholarship Programme-2219 FX We thank Brad Compton and Brad Timm for comments on a draft of this manuscript. This material is based on work partially supported by the Cooperative State Research, Extension, Education Service, US Department of Agriculture, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Department of Natural Resources Conservation, under Project No. 3321, and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, under project International Postdoctoral Research Scholarship Programme-2219. NR 49 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 6 U2 102 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 433 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9327-y PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 408EY UT WOS:000263419500011 ER PT J AU Bolster, CH Cook, KL Haznedaroglu, BZ Walker, SL AF Bolster, C. H. Cook, K. L. Haznedaroglu, B. Z. Walker, S. L. TI The transport of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis through saturated aquifer materials SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; hydrophobicity; Mycobacterium; paratuberculosis; surface charge; transport ID REAL-TIME PCR; SSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; WATER; ASSAY AB To investigate the processes controlling the transport of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) through aquifer materials. We measured two important surface characteristics known to affect bacterial attachment to sediment surfaces: surface charge and hydrophobicity. We then measured the transport of Map through laboratory columns packed with aquifer sand with varying ionic strength solutions and sediment surface charge. We found that Map has a strong negative charge and is highly hydrophobic and that the transport of Map through positively charged Fe-coated sands was reduced compared with transport through negatively charged clean quartz sand, although Map transport for all treatments was low compared with the transport behaviour reported in the literature for other bacteria. Our results suggest that the potential for groundwater contamination by Map is low; however, the organism may remain bound to the soil near the surface where it can be ingested by grazing animals or be released during run off events. This is the first study looking at the surface characteristics and transport behaviour of Map through aquifer materials and therefore provides important information for understanding the movement of Map in the environment. C1 [Bolster, C. H.; Cook, K. L.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY USA. [Haznedaroglu, B. Z.; Walker, S. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bolster, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY USA. EM carl.bolster@ars.usda.gov RI Haznedaroglu, Berat/A-6467-2011 OI Haznedaroglu, Berat/0000-0002-0081-8801 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02519.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 405XA UT WOS:000263256300007 PM 19207858 ER PT J AU Liu, S Bischoff, KM Hughes, SR Leathers, TD Price, NP Qureshi, N Rich, JO AF Liu, S. Bischoff, K. M. Hughes, S. R. Leathers, T. D. Price, N. P. Qureshi, N. Rich, J. O. TI Conversion of biomass hydrolysates and other substrates to ethanol and other chemicals by Lactobacillus buchneri SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; corn stover hydrolysate; ethanol; Lactobacillus buchneri; NRRL B-30929; wheat straw hydrolysate ID WHEAT-STRAW; FERMENTATION AB A Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 can convert xylose and glucose into ethanol and chemicals. The aims of the study were to survey three strains (NRRL B-30929, NRRL 1837 and DSM 5987) for fermenting 17 single substrates and to exam NRRL B-30929 for fermenting mixed substrates from biomass hydrolysates. Mixed acid fermentation was observed for all three L. buchneri strains using various carbohydrates; the only exception was uridine which yielded lactate, acetate and uracil. Only B-30929 is capable of utilizing cellobiose, a desired trait in a potential biocatalyst for biomass conversion. Flask fermentation indicated that the B-30929 strain can use all the sugars released from pretreated hydrolysates, and producing 1.98-2.35 g l(-1) ethanol from corn stover hydrolysates and 2.92-3.01 g l(-1) ethanol from wheat straw hydrolysates when supplemented with either 0.25x MRS plus 1% corn steep liquor or 0.5x MRS. The L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 can utilize mixed sugars in corn stover and wheat straw hydrolysates for ethanol and other chemical production. These results are valuable for future research in engineering L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 for fermentative production of ethanol and chemicals from biomass. C1 [Liu, S.; Bischoff, K. M.; Hughes, S. R.; Leathers, T. D.; Price, N. P.; Rich, J. O.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Qureshi, N.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM siqing.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02536.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 405XA UT WOS:000263256300012 PM 19187511 ER PT J AU Chen, SC Judd, JT Kramer, M Meijer, GW Clevidence, BA Baer, DJ AF Chen, Shirley C. Judd, Joseph T. Kramer, Matthew Meijer, Gert W. Clevidence, Beverly A. Baer, David J. TI Phytosterol Intake and Dietary Fat Reduction are Independent and Additive in their Ability to Reduce Plasma LDL Cholesterol SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Plant sterols; LDL cholesterol; Typical American diet; Step 1 diet ID PLANT STEROL ESTERS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS; NORMOCHOLESTEROLEMIC HUMANS; ENRICHED MARGARINES; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CAROTENOIDS; STANOLS; BIOAVAILABILITY; LIPOPROTEINS; POPULATION AB We studied the interrelationship of diet and plant sterols (PS) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and carotenoids. Mildly hypercholesterolemic men (n = 13) and postmenopausal women (n = 9) underwent four randomized, crossover, double-blind, controlled feeding periods of 23 days each. The design consisted of two levels of PS (0 and 3.3 g/day) and two background diets having fat content either typical of the American diet (total and saturated fat at 33.5 and 13.2% of energy, respectively), or a Step 1 type of diet (total and saturated fat at 26.4 and 7.7% of energy, respectively). Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Apo A1 and Apo B were 4.3, 5.3, 4.5, 2.8 and 2.5% lower, respectively (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.0001; < 0.0001, 0.0016, 0.0006, and 0.0069), with the Step 1 diet than with the typical American diet. Diet had no effect on TC/HDL cholesterol (P = 0.1062). Plant sterol intake lowered TC, LDL cholesterol, and Apo B by 9.0, 12.4 and 6.1% and TC/HDLC by 9.6% (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.0001 for all), respectively, without affecting HDL cholesterol and Apo A1 (P = 0.2831 and 0.732). The PS effect in lowering plasma TC and LDL cholesterol was independent of and additive to the effect due to dietary fat reduction. Responses of plasma carotenoids to PS intake were consistent with the literature. C1 [Chen, Shirley C.; Judd, Joseph T.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Baer, David J.] ARS, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Kramer, Matthew] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Meijer, Gert W.] Unilever Res & Dev Foods, Vlaardingen, Netherlands. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM david.baer@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAR PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s11745-008-3278-y PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 413GZ UT WOS:000263782200008 PM 19145455 ER PT J AU Xu, LZ Guo, LS Shen, ZW Loss, G Gish, R Wasilenko, S Mason, AL AF Xu, Lizhe Guo, Linsheng Shen, Zhiwei Loss, George Gish, Robert Wasilenko, Shawn Mason, Andrew L. TI Duplication of MER115 on chromosome 4 in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis SO LIVER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; HUMAN GENOME; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISMS; DISEASE AB Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a complex disease with genetic and environmental influences. The disease is more prevalent in families with PBC and candidate gene case-control studies have linked PBC with DRB1(*)08 human leucocyte antigen class II alleles. The goal of this study was to characterize a MER115 intergenic region on chromosome 4 as a putative genetic variant associated with PBC. This region was incidentally identified during investigations to discover candidate microbial agents using representational difference analysis (RDA) with liver samples from patients with PBC and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). blast search analysis of all the RDA products from the PBC liver revealed genomic sequences, whereas Escherichia coli, mycoplasma and hepatitis B virus DNA were found in the PSC liver. We identified one of the PBC RDA products as an ancestral repeat, referred to as MER115. Southern blot analysis with the PBC product uncovered a restriction fragment length polymorphism in PBC patients' liver. Southern blot hybridization signal showed increased signal intensity in PBC vs. control patients' DNA (P < 0.005) and slot blot hybridization studies confirmed a copy number variation of the MER115 in hepatic DNA of PBC vs. control patients (P=0.02). Further comparative genetic studies will be required to determine the extent of genomic duplication associated with MER115 and provide data on the possible copy number variants of genes close to this intergenic region in patients with PBC. C1 [Wasilenko, Shawn; Mason, Andrew L.] Univ Alberta, Div Gastroenterol, Zeidler Ledcor Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada. [Xu, Lizhe] USDA, APHIS, FADDL, PVSS, Greenport, NY USA. [Guo, Linsheng] Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Baylor Reg Transplant Inst, Dallas, TX USA. [Shen, Zhiwei; Loss, George] Ochsner Clin Fdn, Abdominal Organ Transplant Program, New Orleans, LA USA. [Gish, Robert] Pacific Med Ctr, Div Hepatol & Complex Gastroenterol, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Mason, AL (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Div Gastroenterol, Zeidler Ledcor Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada. EM andrew.mason@ualberta.ca RI Loss, George/A-6015-2011; OI Mason, Andrew/0000-0002-0470-9522 FU NIH NIAID [KO801467]; Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, American Liver Foundation Hepatology Seed; Hepatitis Research Grant, Ochsner Clinic Foundation FX Grant support: This project was supported by research grants: NIH NIAID KO801467; Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, American Liver Foundation Hepatology Seed Grant; Hepatitis Research Grant, Ochsner Clinic Foundation. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1478-3223 J9 LIVER INT JI Liver Int. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01888.x PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 402XO UT WOS:000263046600011 PM 19018986 ER PT J AU Racine, EF Frick, K Guthrie, JF Strobino, D AF Racine, Elizabeth F. Frick, Kevin Guthrie, Joanne F. Strobino, Donna TI Individual Net-Benefit Maximization: A Model for Understanding Breastfeeding Cessation among Low-Income Women SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Breastfeeding; Maternal and Child Health; Low income ID YOUNG-CHILDREN PROGRAM; HEALTHY STEPS; DURATION; INITIATION; CARE; CLINICIAN; INFANTS; SUPPORT; IMPACT; WORK AB Objectives We use economic theory of individual net benefit maximization to motivate a comprehensive look at 32 social, economic, and psychological disincentives that potentially influence breastfeeding cessation. Methods The sample consists of 1,595 low-income families participating in the Healthy Steps for Young Children National Evaluation. Participants were recruited from 24 pediatric sites across the United States. Infants were enrolled at birth and followed through age 30-33 months. Survival analysis was used to assess the relation of social, economic and psychosocial factors with duration of breastfeeding. Results Disincentives significantly associated with cessation in multivariate hazard analysis were: WIC participation at 2-4 months (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.74), mother's returning to work for 20-40 h per week (HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.71), mother's not attending a postpartum doctor's visit (HR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.63), father's not being in the home (HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.57), a smoker in the household (HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.52), no receipt of breastfeeding instruction at the pediatric office (HR = 1.20; 95% CI:1.06, 1.37), the doctor's not encouraging breastfeeding (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.39) and the mother experiencing depressive symptoms (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.33). Conclusions The decision to stop breastfeeding is often complex. Research on breastfeeding cessation has been limited with regard to the social and economic issues that may influence the behavior of low-income women. The results support the need to develop interventions and policies to minimize disincentives associated with breastfeeding cessation. C1 [Racine, Elizabeth F.] UNC Charlotte, Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Frick, Kevin] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Guthrie, Joanne F.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Food Assistance & Nutr Res Program FANRP, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Strobino, Donna] Bloomberg SOPH, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Racine, EF (reprint author), UNC Charlotte, Publ Hlth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM efracine@uncc.edu; kfrick@jhsph.edu; jguthrie@ers.usda.gov; dstrobin@jhsph.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s10995-008-0337-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403KK UT WOS:000263081300010 PM 18357417 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Su, CL AF Dubey, J. P. Su, Chunlei TI Population biology of Toxoplasma gondii: what's out and where did they come from SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Toxoplasma Centennial Congress from Discovery to Public Health Management CY SEP, 2008 CL Buzios, BRAZIL DE Toxoplasma gondii; genotyping; oocysts; tissue cysts; worldwide ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; CHICKENS; BRAZIL; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; GENOTYPES; ISLAND; CATS; PIGS AB Until recently, Toxoplasma gondii was considered to be clonal with little genetic variability. In this paper we summarize recent genotyping data from chickens in Brazil, and pigs, lambs and white-tailed deer in the USA, to demonstrate the high genetic diversity and geographical distribution of T. gondii. A total of 149 T. gondii isolates from 13 geographical areas of Brazil and 182 T. gondii isolates from pigs, 53 isolates from sheep and 15 isolates from fetal white-tailed deer from USA were genotyped using the 10 RCFP-PCR genetic markers SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico. Genotyping of 149 T. gondii isolates from free range chickens in Brazil identified 58 genotype groups. No clonal type II lineage was found. Of the 253 isolates from animals from USA, 18 genotypes were identified, predominantly type II. These studies indicate a higher genetic diversity than previously recognized. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Su, Chunlei] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 19 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD MAR PY 2009 VL 104 IS 2 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 458UT UT WOS:000267051500011 PM 19430643 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Jackson, CR AF Davis, Johnnie A. Jackson, Charlene R. TI Comparative Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. welshimeri SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE LA English DT Article ID MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; ACID ADAPTATION; RESISTANCE; FOOD; STRAINS; MEAT; SURVIVAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; POULTRY AB The current study compared antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria innocua, L. welshimeri, and L. monocytogenes isolated from various sources. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a microbroth procedure with Sensititre (R) minimum inhibitory concentration plates containing 18 antimicrobials. Resistant isolates were analyzed for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes using PCR. The majority of L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to oxacillin (99%, 89/90) and ceftriaxone (72%, 65/90), while few isolates were resistant to clindamycin (21%, 19/90) and ciprofloxacin (2%, 2/90). When selected sources of L. monocytogenes are compared, resistance to ceftriaxone, clindamycin, and oxacillin ranged from 27% to 86%, 7% to 43%, and 96% to 100%, respectively. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (6%, 2/34), quinupristin/dalfopristin (7%, 1/14), and tetracycline (7%, 1/15) was observed with L. monocytogenes isolated from food, animal, and environmental sources, respectively. All L. welshimeri isolates (6/6) were resistant to streptomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, oxacillin, penicillin, and clindamycin, while most isolates (67%, 4/6) were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. All L. innocua isolates (4/4) were resistant to oxacillin and penicillin, whereas 75% (3/4) of isolates were resistant to tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and clindamycin. Resistant isolates were negative for aadA, strA-B, sul I-II, penA, vat(A-E), vga(A-B), and vgb(A-B). However, tetM was detected among tetracycline-resistant isolates. L. welshimeri was resistant to more of the tested antimicrobials than the other two Listeria species tested, but resistance was not attributed to selected resistance genes. These data demonstrate the variability in resistance among Listeria species. However, the human pathogen L. monocytogenes appears to be the least resistant among the tested species. C1 [Davis, Johnnie A.; Jackson, Charlene R.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM charlene.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1089/mdr.2009.0863 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 453PT UT WOS:000266624100004 PM 19216646 ER PT J AU Ducey, TF Jackson, L Orvis, J Dyer, DW AF Ducey, Thomas F. Jackson, Lydgia Orvis, Joshua Dyer, David W. TI Transcript analysis of nrrF, a Fur repressed sRNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Small RNA; nrrF; Fluorescent primer extension ID OXIDATIVE STRESS RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; IRON HOMEOSTASIS; VIRULENCE GENES; MENINGITIDIS; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; METABOLISM AB Like most microorganisms, Neisseria gonorrhoeae alters gene expression in response to iron availability. The ferric uptake regulator Fur has been shown to be involved in controlling this response, but the extent of this involvement remains unknown. It is known that in addition to working directly to repress gene expression, Fur may also work indirectly by controlling additional regulatory elements. Using in silico analysis, we identified a putative small RNA (sRNA) homolog of the meningococcal nrrF locus, and demonstrate that this sRNA is iron-repressible, suggesting that this is the gonococcal analog of the rhyB locus in Escherichia coli. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicates that this transcript may also be temporally regulated. Transcript analysis identified the 5' start of the transcript, using a single reaction, fluorescent-based, primer extension assay. This protocol allows for the rapid identification of transcriptional start sites of RNA transcripts, and could be used for high-throughput transcript mapping. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ducey, Thomas F.; Jackson, Lydgia; Orvis, Joshua; Dyer, David W.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lab Genom & Bioinformat, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Ducey, Thomas F.; Jackson, Lydgia; Orvis, Joshua; Dyer, David W.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Ducey, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Thomas.Ducey@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P20 GM103447] NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2008.12.003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 419RV UT WOS:000264238100007 PM 19162160 ER PT J AU Bearson, BL Lee, IS Casey, TA AF Bearson, Bradley L. Lee, In Soo Casey, Thomas A. TI Escherichia coli O157: H7 glutamate- and arginine-dependent acid-resistance systems protect against oxidative stress during extreme acid challenge SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GENES; THIOREDOXIN; RPOS; PH; MECHANISMS; CATABOLISM; K-12 AB Micro-organisms may simultaneously encounter multiple stresses in their environment. To investigate the protection that several known Escherichia coli O157 : H7 acid-resistance systems might provide against both oxidative and acid stress, the addition of diamide, a membrane-permeable thiol-specific oxidizing agent, or hydrogen peroxide were used concurrent with acid challenge at pH 2.5 to determine bacterial survival. The addition of either diamide or hydrogen peroxide decreased bacterial survival in a dose-dependent manner for E coli O157 : H7 during challenge at pH 2.5 following overnight growth in LB MES pH 5.5 (acid-resistance system 1, AR1). In contrast, the presence of either glutamate or arginine during challenge provided significant protection against diamide- and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress during pH 2.5 acid challenge. Oxidative stress protection during acid challenge required gadC and adiA for the glutamate- (AR2) and arginine- (AR3) dependent acid-resistance systems, respectively. In addition, maximal protection against oxidative stress in the presence of glutamate required a low external pH (pH 2.5), since pH 5.5 did not protect. This study demonstrates that the glutamate- and arginine-dependent acid-resistance systems of E. coli O157 : H7 can simultaneously protect against oxidative stress during extreme acid challenge. C1 [Bearson, Bradley L.; Lee, In Soo] USDA, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lee, In Soo] Hannam Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Taejon 305811, South Korea. [Casey, Thomas A.] USDA, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bearson, BL (reprint author), USDA, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, NSRIC 2103, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brad.bearson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; ARS CRIS FX The authors are thankful to Kellie Winter for technical assistance. This research was supported by USDA, ARS CRIS funds. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAR PY 2009 VL 155 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1099/mic.0.022905-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 423SD UT WOS:000264515100016 PM 19246751 ER PT J AU Goss, EM Carbone, I Grunwald, NJ AF Goss, E. M. Carbone, I. Grunwald, N. J. TI Ancient isolation and independent evolution of the three clonal lineages of the exotic sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coalescent; emerging disease; oomycete; plant disease; recombination; RXLR-class effector ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; POPULATION GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SOJAE-EFFECTOR AVR1B; IRISH POTATO FAMINE; DNA-SEQUENCES; CENTRAL MEXICO; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; STATISTICAL TESTS; GENOME SEQUENCES; RESISTANCE GENE AB The genus Phytophthora includes some of the most destructive plant pathogens affecting agricultural and native ecosystems and is responsible for a number of recent emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases of plants. Sudden oak death, caused by the exotic pathogen P. ramorum, has caused extensive mortality of oaks and tanoaks in Northern California, and has brought economic losses to US and European nurseries as well due to its infection of common ornamental plants. In its known range, P. ramorum occurs as three distinct clonal lineages. We inferred the evolutionary history of P. ramorum from nuclear sequence data using coalescent-based approaches. We found that the three lineages have been diverging for at least 11% of their history, an evolutionarily significant amount of time estimated to be on the order of 165 000 to 500 000 years. There was also strong evidence for historical recombination between the lineages, indicating that the ancestors of the P. ramorum lineages were members of a sexually reproducing population. Due to this recombination, the ages of the lineages varied within and between loci, but coalescent analyses suggested that the European lineage may be older than the North American lineages. The divergence of the three clonal lineages of P. ramorum supports a scenario in which the three lineages originated from different geographic locations that were sufficiently isolated from each other to allow independent evolution prior to introduction to North America and Europe. It is thus probable that the emergence of P. ramorum in North America and Europe was the result of three independent migration events. C1 [Goss, E. M.; Grunwald, N. J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Carbone, I.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Nik.Grunwald@ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; FU USDA ARS CRIS [5358-22000-034-00D]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Sudden Oak Death; Oomycete Molecular Genetics Research Collaboration Network; US Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported in part by funds from USDA ARS CRIS Project 5358-22000-034-00D, the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Sudden Oak Death research programme, and a training fellowship from the Oomycete Molecular Genetics Research Collaboration Network. We thank M. Coffey, H. DeGruyter, M. Garbelotto, E. Hansen, K. Lamour, C. Lane, N. Osterbauer, D. Rizzo, A. Wagner, and S. Werres for providing Phytophthora isolates and R. Griffiths, R. Lyngso, F. Martin, E. Hansen, and anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. We thank Meg Larsen, Caroline Press, Mark Dasenko, and Scott Givan for expert technical assistance and the Oregon State University CGRB for use of the bioinformatics computer cluster. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript are solely for the purpose of providing specific information and do not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 82 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1161 EP 1174 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04089.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 414HD UT WOS:000263853600013 PM 19222751 ER PT J AU Meyling, NV Lubeck, M Buckley, EP Eilenberg, J Rehner, SA AF Meyling, Nicolai V. Lubeck, Mette Buckley, Ellen P. Eilenberg, Jorgen Rehner, Stephen A. TI Community composition, host range and genetic structure of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria in adjoining agricultural and seminatural habitats SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agro-ecosystem; community; ecological host range; fungi; genetic diversity; recombination ID COFFEE BERRY BORER; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BASSIANA ASCOMYCOTA; HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MATING-TYPE; COMPETITION; SOIL; BIODIVERSITY AB Although intensively investigated for biological control of insect pests, little is known about the ecology of the fungal entomopathogenic genus Beauveria in natural or agricultural habitats. In this study, we used molecular phylogenetic and genotypic information to infer species diversity, reproductive potential and genetic structure of Beauveria occurring within a single arable field and bordering hedgerow in Denmark. Isolates were sampled from cultivated field and hedgerow soils, from insects harbouring latent fungal infections, and from the phylloplanes of three plant species common in the hedgerow flora. A nuclear phylogeny of this local Beauveria assemblage resolved seven phylogenetic species, including (i) five phylogenetic species within Beauveria bassiana sensu stricto; (ii) Clade C, a taxonomically uncharacterized species that is morphologically indistinguishable but phylogenetically distant from B. bassiana s.s.; and (iii) Beauveria brongniartii. All seven species were present throughout the hedgerow habitat, including as infections in insects. Significantly, only B. bassiana s.s. phylogenetic species Eu_1 was isolated from tilled soils. Mating type polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that all five B. bassiana s.s. phylogenetic species possess bipolar outcrossing mating systems. Of these, only the Eu_1 population contained two mating types; however, a 31:2 skew in MAT1:MAT2 mating types suggests a low frequency of sexual reproduction in this population. The four remaining B. bassiana s.s. phylogenetic species were fixed for single mating types and these populations are evidently clonal. Multilocus microsatellite genotyping revealed polymorphism in all five phylogenetic species of B. bassiana s.s.; however, all show evidence of clonal genetic structure. C1 [Meyling, Nicolai V.; Eilenberg, Jorgen] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Agr & Ecol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Lubeck, Mette] Univ Aalborg, Dept Biotechnol Chem & Environm Engn, Ctr Biotechnol & Bioenergy, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark. [Buckley, Ellen P.] USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyling, NV (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Agr & Ecol, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM nvm@life.ku.dk RI Meyling, Nicolai/F-6838-2014; Eilenberg, Jorgen/F-7444-2014; OI Meyling, Nicolai/0000-0003-3025-4370; Eilenberg, Jorgen/0000-0002-9273-5252; Lubeck, Mette/0000-0003-1768-0279 FU Faculty of Life Sciences at the University of Copenhagen FX We thank Christina Wolsted for valuable technical assistance in the field and laboratory. Verner Michelsen kindly identified the flies included in this study. N.V.M. was funded by a PhD grant from Faculty of Life Sciences at the University of Copenhagen. NR 52 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1282 EP 1293 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04095.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 414HD UT WOS:000263853600022 PM 19226319 ER PT J AU Pelz-Serrano, K Munguia-Vega, A Piaggio, AJ Neubaum, M Munclinger, P Partl, A Van Riper, C Culver, M AF Pelz-Serrano, Karla Munguia-Vega, Adrian Piaggio, Antoinette J. Neubaum, Melissa Munclinger, Pavel Partl, Adam Van Riper, Charles, III Culver, Melanie TI Development of nine new microsatellite loci for the American beaver, Castor canadensis (Rodentia: Castoridae), and cross-species amplification in the European beaver, Castor fiber SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE beaver; Castor canadensis; Castor fibre; cross-species amplification success; microsatellite ID STREAMS; TESTS; PONDS AB We developed nine new nuclear dinucleotide microsatellite loci for Castor canadensis. All loci were polymorphic, except for one. The number of alleles ranged from two to four and from five to 12 in populations from Arizona and Wisconsin, respectively. Average heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.86 per locus. Since cross-species amplification in Castor fiber was successful only in four loci, we tested also nine recently published C. canadensis loci in the Eurasian species. Eight of the published loci amplified; however, three were monomorphic. The number of alleles was lower in C. fiber than in C. canadensis at all loci tested. C1 [Pelz-Serrano, Karla; Munguia-Vega, Adrian; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Munclinger, Pavel; Partl, Adam] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, CR-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic. [Van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, USGS SBSC Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Neubaum, Melissa] Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Genet Lab, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Pelz-Serrano, K (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kpelzser@email.arizona.edu RI Munclinger, Pavel/H-4484-2011; Partl, Adam/A-7353-2013 OI Munclinger, Pavel/0000-0002-7849-7753; FU Tres Rios Wetlands, Phoenix Arizona; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic; MSMT [0021620828]; Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic [VaV/620/1/03, SP/2d4/52/07] FX We thank David Bergman and Dale Nolte for helping coordinate this project. This project was funded through the generous support of the Tres Rios Wetlands, Phoenix Arizona. We are grateful to Roger E Joos and Patrick Viehoever for field assistance and to Tony Dee, Judith Ramirez, and Angela Cora Varas for expert technical assistance. We also would like to thank Julia Figueroa for laboratory support. Pavel Munclinger and Adam Partl are supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic, MSMT grant 0021620828. The collection of European beaver samples was supported by grants of the Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic VaV/620/1/03 and SP/2d4/52/07. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02364.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 406ZJ UT WOS:000263333100018 PM 21564690 ER PT J AU Cavagnaro, PF Chung, SM Szklarczyk, M Grzebelus, D Senalik, D Atkins, AE Simon, PW AF Cavagnaro, Pablo F. Chung, Sang-Min Szklarczyk, Marek Grzebelus, Dariusz Senalik, Douglas Atkins, Anne E. Simon, Philipp W. TI Characterization of a deep-coverage carrot (Daucus carota L.) BAC library and initial analysis of BAC-end sequences SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) library; BAC-end sequences; Transposable elements; Microsatellites ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENOME SEQUENCE; MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA; SSR-MARKERS; RICE GENOME; CONSTRUCTION; DNA; GENE AB Carrot is the most economically important member of the Apiaceae family and a major source of provitamin A carotenoids in the human diet. However, carrot molecular resources are relatively underdeveloped, hampering a number of genetic studies. Here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of carrot. The library is 17.3-fold redundant and consists of 92,160 clones with an average insert size of 121 kb. To provide an overview of the composition and organization of the carrot nuclear genome we generated and analyzed 2,696 BAC-end sequences (BES) from nearly 2,000 BACs, totaling 1.74 Mb of BES. This analysis revealed that 14% of the BES consists of known repetitive elements, with transposable elements representing more than 80% of this fraction. Eleven novel carrot repetitive elements were identified, covering 8.5% of the BES. Analysis of microsatellites showed a comparably low frequency for these elements in the carrot BES. Comparisons of the translated BES with protein databases indicated that approximately 10% of the carrot genome represents coding sequences. Moreover, among eight dicot species used for comparison purposes, carrot BES had highest homology to protein-coding sequences from tomato. This deep-coverage library will aid carrot breeding and genetics. C1 [Cavagnaro, Pablo F.; Senalik, Douglas; Atkins, Anne E.; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cavagnaro, Pablo F.] EEA La Consulta CC8, INTA, Mendoza, Argentina. [Chung, Sang-Min] Dongguk Univ, Dept Life Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Szklarczyk, Marek; Grzebelus, Dariusz] Agr Univ Krakow, Dept Genet Plant Breeding & Seed Sci, PL-31425 Krakow, Poland. [Senalik, Douglas; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu RI Grzebelus, Dariusz/I-8832-2014 OI Grzebelus, Dariusz/0000-0001-6999-913X NR 71 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 281 IS 3 BP 273 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s00438-008-0411-9 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 411WT UT WOS:000263684900004 PM 19104839 ER PT J AU Hu, PS Meng, Y Wise, RP AF Hu, Pingsha Meng, Yan Wise, Roger P. TI Functional Contribution of Chorismate Synthase, Anthranilate Synthase, and Chorismate Mutase to Penetration Resistance in Barley-Powdery Mildew Interactions SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; GENE-SILENCING SYSTEM; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; MLO RESISTANCE; AMINO-ACID; NONHOST RESISTANCE; BASAL DEFENSE AB Plant processes resulting from primary or secondary metabolism have been hypothesized to contribute to defense against microbial attack. Barley chorismate synthase (HvCS), anthranilate synthase a subunit 2 (HvASa2), and chorismate mutase 1 (HvCM1) occupy pivotal branch points downstream of the shikimate pathway leading to the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. Here, we provide functional evidence that these genes contribute to penetration resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. Single-cell transient-induced gene silencing of HvCS and HvCM1 in mildew resistance locus a (Mla) compromised cells resulted in increased susceptibility. Correspondingly, overexpression of HvCS, HvASa2, and HvCM1 in lines carrying mildew resistance locus o (Mlo), a negative regulator of penetration resistance, significantly decreased susceptibility. Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of HvCS, HvASa2, and HvCM1 significantly increased B. graminis f. sp. hordei penetration into epidermal cells, followed by formation of haustoria and secondary hyphae. However, sporulation of B. graminis f. sp. hordei was not detected on the silenced host plants up to 3 weeks after inoculation. Taken together, these results establish a previously unrecognized role for the influence of HvCS, HvASa2, and HvCM1 on penetration resistance and on the rate of B. graminis f. sp. hordei development in Mla-mediated, barley-powdery mildew interactions. C1 [Hu, Pingsha; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hu, Pingsha; Meng, Yan; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hu, Pingsha; Meng, Yan; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome [0500461]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [3625-21000-049-00D] FX We thank S. Whitham and C. Zhang for critical comments on the manuscript; P. Schweizer for providing RNAi cloning vectors pIPKTA30, pIPKTA38, and advice on the TIGS assay; and S. Scofield for BSMV cDNAs. Research supported by National Science Foundation Plant Genome grant 0500461 and United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 3625-21000-049-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1094/MPMI-22-3-0311 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 405ED UT WOS:000263204600008 PM 19245325 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW AF Zeng, Huawei TI Selenium as an Essential Micronutrient: Roles in Cell Cycle and Apoptosis SO MOLECULES LA English DT Review DE Selenium; Cell proliferation; Cell cycle; Apoptosis; Cancer ID PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CASPASE-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; EPITHELIAL TUMOR-CELLS; METHYLSELENINIC ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DIETARY SELENIUM AB Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and selenium deficiency is associated with several disease conditions such as immune impairment. In addition, selenium intakes that are greater than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) appear to protect against certain types of cancers. In humans and animals, cell proliferation and death must be regulated to maintain tissue homeostasis, and it has been well documented that numerous human diseases are directly related to the control of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Thus, the elucidation of the mechanisms by which selenium regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis can lead to a better understanding of the nature of selenium's essentiality and its role in disease prevention. This article reviews the status of knowledge concerning the effect of selenium on cell cycle and apoptosis. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM huawei.zeng@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture FX I am grateful to Drs. Gerald F. Combs, Jr, Eric O. Uthus, and W. Thomas Johnson for critical review of the manuscript. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 91 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 14 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD MAR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1263 EP 1278 DI 10.3390/molecules14031263 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 424KG UT WOS:000264565000025 PM 19325522 ER PT J AU Horn, BW Ramirez-Prado, JH Carbone, I AF Horn, Bruce W. Ramirez-Prado, Jorge H. Carbone, Ignazio TI The sexual state of Aspergillus parasiticus SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus alliaceus; heterothallism; Petromyces alliaceus; Petromyces parasiticus; sexual reproduction; Trichocomaceae ID SECTION FLAVI; PETROMYCES-ALLIACEUS; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DNA-SEQUENCES; A-TAMARII; AFLATOXIN; RECOMBINATION; ASCOCARPS; NOMIUS AB The sexual state of Aspergillus parasiticus, a potent aflatoxin-producing fungus within section Flavi, is described. The production of nonostiolate ascocarps surrounded by a separate peridium within the stroma places the teleomorph in germs Petromyces. Petromyces parasiticus differs from R alliaceus by its larger ascospores with finely tuberculate ornamentation. The anamorphic Aspergillus states of the two species differ in conidial head color and microscopic characters. C1 [Horn, Bruce W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Ramirez-Prado, Jorge H.; Carbone, Ignazio] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Horn, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM bruce.horn@ars.usda.gov RI Ramirez-Prado, Jorge/A-3012-2011 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research [2005-35319-16126] FX We appreciate the help of Patricia Eckel, who produced the Latin diagnosis, David Malloch, who reviewed the manuscript, Travis Walk and Michael Munster, who provided technical assistance, and Valerie Knowlton at the Center for Electron Microscopy (NC. State University) for assistance with the SEPA. This work was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service to IC (grant number 2005-35319-16126). NR 39 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.3852/08-205 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 434LH UT WOS:000265275700015 PM 19397202 ER PT J AU Samuels, GJ Lu, BS Chaverri, P Candoussau, F Fournier, J Rossman, AY AF Samuels, Gary J. Lu, Bing-sheng Chaverri, Priscila Candoussau, Francoise Fournier, Jacques Rossman, Amy Y. TI Cyanonectria, a new genus for Nectria cyanostoma and its Fusarium anamorph SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Buxus; Hypocreales; Nectriaceae; Systematics ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BIONECTRIACEAE; LIKELIHOOD; EVOLUTION; FUNGI; TOOLS; RDNA AB The new genus Cyanonectria is proposed for Nectria cyanostoma (equivalent to Cyanonectria cyanostoma comb. nov.). This genus is characterized by Nectria-like, red perithecia that have a bluish-purple papilla and a Fusarium anamorph. DNA sequences (large subunit and internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear rDNA) indicate that C. cyanostoma is not closely related to Nectria sensu stricto. In addition, the phylogenetic data also show that the closest relatives for Cyanonectria also have Fusarium anamorphs. C1 [Samuels, Gary J.; Rossman, Amy Y.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lu, Bing-sheng] Zhongkai Agrotech Coll, Dept Plant Protect, Agron Coll, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chaverri, Priscila] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gary.Samuels@ars.usda.gov OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 FU United States National Science Foundation (NSF) PEET DEB [9712308]; NSF PEET [DEB-0731510]; Shanxi Research Foundation [2001039] FX This study was supported in part by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) PEET DEB grant 9712308, 'Monographic Studies of Hypocrealean Fungi: Hypocrea and Hypomyces' to the Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology and by NSF PEET grant DEB-0731510 'Monographic Studies in the Nectriaceae, Hypocreales: Nectria, Cosmospora, and Neonectria' to Howard University, Department of Biology. Bing-sheng Lu was supported by Shanxi Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (2001039). NR 33 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s11557-008-0577-x PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 409KV UT WOS:000263505500006 ER PT J AU Chilvers, MI Rogers, JD Dugan, FM Stewart, JE Chen, WD Peever, TL AF Chilvers, Martin I. Rogers, Jack D. Dugan, Frank M. Stewart, Jane E. Chen, Weidong Peever, Tobin L. TI Didymella pisi sp nov., the teleomorph of Ascochyta pisi SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ascochyta blight; Ascomycete; Cool season legume; Dothidiomycetes; Loculoascomycetes; Mating type; Teleomorph ID MATING-TYPE; RABIEI TELEOMORPH; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PHYLOGENY; PEA; COMPLEX; BLIGHT; STRATEGIES; ASCOSPORES; PINODELLA AB The anamorphic pycnidial fungus Ascochyta pisi is one member of a species complex that causes Ascochyta blight of pea, a potentially devastating disease. The teleomorphic state of this fungus was induced under laboratory conditions. Using morphological and molecular characters, we placed the teleomorph within the genus Didymella as D. pisi and describe a heterothallic mating system using a PCR-based mating type assay and in vitro crosses. We compare D. pisi with other Didymella spp. with which it might be confused. (c) 2008 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chilvers, Martin I.; Rogers, Jack D.; Stewart, Jane E.; Peever, Tobin L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dugan, Frank M.; Chen, Weidong] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Peever, TL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tpeever@wsu.edu RI Chilvers, Martin/A-3548-2010 OI Chilvers, Martin/0000-0001-8832-1666 NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 113 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.11.017 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 426FP UT WOS:000264693700012 PM 19116165 ER PT J AU Southworth, D Carrington, EM Frank, JL Gould, P Harrington, CA Devine, WD AF Southworth, Darlene Carrington, Elizabeth M. Frank, Jonathan L. Gould, Peter Harrington, Connie A. Devine, Warren D. TI Mycorrhizas on nursery and field seedlings of Quercus garryana SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE Ectomycorrhizas; Garry oak; Laccaria; Oregon white oak; Tuber ID OREGON WHITE OAK; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; ROOT-SYSTEM; GROWTH; TREES; SOIL; IDENTIFICATION; INOCULATION; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY AB Oak woodland regeneration and restoration requires that seedlings develop mycorrhizas, yet the need for this mutualistic association is often overlooked. In this study, we asked whether Quercus garryana seedlings in nursery beds acquire mycorrhizas without artificial inoculation or access to a mycorrhizal network of other ectomycorrhizal hosts. We also assessed the relationship between mycorrhizal infection and seedling growth in a nursery. Further, we compared the mycorrhizal assemblage of oak nursery seedlings to that of conifer seedlings in the nursery and to that of oak seedlings in nearby oak woodlands. Seedlings were excavated and the roots washed and examined microscopically. Mycorrhizas were identified by DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and by morphotype. On oak nursery seedlings, predominant mycorrhizas were species of Laccaria and Tuber with single occurrences of Entoloma and Peziza. In adjacent beds, seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii were mycorrhizal with Hysterangium and a different species of Laccaria; seedlings of Pinus monticola were mycorrhizal with Geneabea, Tarzetta, and Thelephora. Height of Q. garryana seedlings correlated with root biomass and mycorrhizal abundance. Total mycorrhizal abundance and abundance of Laccaria mycorrhizas significantly predicted seedling height in the nursery. Native oak seedlings from nearby Q. garryana woodlands were mycorrhizal with 13 fungal symbionts, none of which occurred on the nursery C1 [Southworth, Darlene; Carrington, Elizabeth M.; Frank, Jonathan L.] So Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Gould, Peter; Harrington, Connie A.; Devine, Warren D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Southworth, D (reprint author), So Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM southworth@sou.edu RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0516229, DBI-0115892] FX This study was supported by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0516229 to D. S. and DBI-0115892 to the Biotechnology Center at Southern Oregon University. We thank David Peter for collecting oak seedlings from the three field sites. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s00572-008-0222-1 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 424FK UT WOS:000264550700003 PM 19139931 ER PT J AU Aillery, M Gollehon, N Breneman, V Bucholtz, S AF Aillery, Marcel Gollehon, Noel Breneman, Vince Bucholtz, Shawn TI MODELING FIRM SPATIAL INTERDEPENDENCE USING NATIONAL DATA COVERAGES: A REGIONAL APPLICATION TO MANURE MANAGEMENT SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Regional optimization; geographic information systems; spatial data; manure management; confined animals; nutrient policies; Chesapeake Bay AB A regional modeling framework using national data series is developed to estimate the net cost of land-applying manure under possible policy provisions to limit water- and air-quality emissions. The modeling framework, applied to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, integrates GIS-based spatial data within an optimization model to capture spatial effects at a subwatershed scale. C1 [Aillery, Marcel] ERS RESP, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Gollehon, Noel] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Resource Econ & Social Sci Div, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Breneman, Vince] Econ Res Serv, Informat Serv Div, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Bucholtz, Shawn] USDA, Conservat & Environm Programs Div, Farm Serv Agcy, Washington, DC USA. RP Aillery, M (reprint author), ERS RESP, Rm S-4204,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM maillery@ers.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0890-8575 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 42 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2008.00029.x PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 400WX UT WOS:000262901200004 ER PT J AU Dey, DC Spetich, MA Weigel, DR Johnson, PS Graney, DL Kabrick, JM AF Dey, Daniel C. Spetich, Martin A. Weigel, Dale R. Johnson, Paul S. Graney, David L. Kabrick, John M. TI A suggested approach for design of oak (Quercus L.) regeneration research considering regional differences SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Oak regeneration; Experimental design; Ecological classification; Modeling; Forest ecology; Silviculture ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; RED OAK; REPRODUCTION AB Research on oak (Quercus L.) regeneration has generally consisted of small-scale studies of treatments designed to favor oak, including consideration of site quality and topographic effects on oak regeneration. However, these experiments have not consistently factored in broader-scale ecological differences found in the eastern United States. Oak regeneration experiments should be replicated at appropriate ecological scales to address the similarities and differences in regeneration following prescribed silvicultural treatments among ecological units. Patterns in oak regeneration can be better understood in an ecological context by considering how oak species interact in the differing physical environments and are able to maintain dominance in changing complexes of competing vegetation among the selected eco-units. Our understanding of oak regeneration response to specific silvicultural practices and our ability to model regeneration is improved when we use replication, blocking, or factorial deployment of relatively small-scale (0.5-1.0 ha) treatment plots within an ecological classification system. We present an example of this approach to understanding oak regeneration dynamics in a synthesis of research to regenerate northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) by underplanting shelterwoods in Arkansas, Missouri and Indiana. We summarize important considerations to guide the design of future research in oak regeneration. C1 [Dey, Daniel C.; Kabrick, John M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Spetich, Martin A.; Johnson, Paul S.; Graney, David L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR USA. [Weigel, Dale R.] US Forest Serv, Bedford, IN USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 202 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ddey@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s11056-008-9113-8 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 402BK UT WOS:000262989000002 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, TB AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Timothy B. TI Belowground competition from overstory trees influences Douglas-fir sapling morphology in thinned stands SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; Competition; Morphology; Understory; Regeneration ID PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII SEEDLINGS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH-RESPONSES; ROOT DEVELOPMENT; LIGHT-INTENSITY; WATER-STRESS; LEAF-AREA; AVAILABILITY AB We evaluated effects of belowground competition on morphology of naturally established coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) saplings in 60- to 80-year-old thinned Douglas-fir stands in southwestern Washington. We separately quantified belowground competition from overstory and understory sources using trenching and understory removal. In this light-limited environment of 26 +/- A 16% (std. dev.) full sunlight, 2-year exclusion of tree root competition by trenching increased sapling stem biomass by 18%, total aboveground biomass by 21%, number of interwhorl buds by 68%, total foliar biomass by 33%, and foliar biomass on branch components over 4 years old by 143%. Belowground competition did not influence shoot:root ratio or foliar efficiency (i.e., stem growth per unit foliage biomass). Sapling needle size, specific leaf area, and internodal distance also were not affected by belowground competition; these variables were apparently a function of the low-light environment. The principal source of belowground competition was roots of overstory trees; effects of belowground competition from understory vegetation were minor. Thus, under a partial overstory, morphology of Douglas-fir regeneration was influenced by both belowground and aboveground competition from overstory trees. In this environment, understory vegetation control would not likely influence belowground competition to an extent that would affect sapling morphology. C1 [Devine, Warren D.; Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us FU Fort Lewis Forestry Program FX We thank the Fort Lewis Forestry Program for providing financial and logistical support for this project, particularly Jeffrey Foster and Allan Derickson. We thank members of the Silviculture and Forest Models Team for their assistance with field and office work, and we thank Jeffrey Foster, John Tappeiner, and J.P. (Hamish) Kimmins for providing manuscript reviews. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 137 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s11056-008-9114-7 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 402BK UT WOS:000262989000003 ER PT J AU Woeste, K Farlee, L Ostry, M McKenna, J Weeks, S AF Woeste, Keith Farlee, Lenny Ostry, Michael McKenna, James Weeks, Sally TI A Forest Manager's Guide to Butternut SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE butternut canker; Juglans cinerea; Juglans ailantifolia; Japanese walnut; Juglans x bixbyi; buart; hybrid invasion ID SIROCOCCUS-CLAVIGIGNENTI-JUGLANDACEARUM; JUGLANS-CINEREA; CONSERVATION; CANKER AB Exotic insect posts and pathogens have dramatically reduced the quantity and quality of several trees species in North America. Butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) is one such species. This review discusses the identification of butternut, the current status of butternut, and the nature of the threats that influence its survival, all in the context of what forest managers need to know to make difficult choices they face when managing butternut. Options for encouraging regeneration are presented, as well the current status of recovery efforts. C1 [Woeste, Keith; McKenna, James] Purdue Univ, US Forest Serv, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Weeks, Sally] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Ostry, Michael] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woeste, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, US Forest Serv, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM woeste@purdue.edu; lfarlee@purdue.edu; mostry@fs.fed.us; jrmckenn@purdue.edu; weeksss@purdue.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 428OE UT WOS:000264857100003 ER PT J AU Hofmeyer, PV Kenefic, LS Seymour, RS AF Hofmeyer, Philip V. Kenefic, Laura S. Seymour, Robert S. TI Northern White-Cedar Ecology and Silviculture in the Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada: A Synthesis of Knowledge SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE arborvitae; conifer; eastern white-cedar; swamp ID THUJA-OCCIDENTALIS L; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; NIAGARA ESCARPMENT; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; CLIFF-FACES; TAILED DEER; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; MOISTURE AVAILABILITY; NORTHWESTERN QUEBEC; CONSTRAINED GROWTH AB Sustainability of the northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis U resource is a concern in many regions throughout its range because of regeneration failures, difficulty recruiting seedlings into sapling and pole (losses, and harvesting levels that exceed growth. Management confusion has resulted from the scarcity of research on northern white-cedar ecology and silviculture, particularly because northern while-cedar is an anomalous tree species. This article synthesizes recent and historical northern white-cedar literature, with a focus on ecology, regeneration, cedar-wildlife interactions, and silviculture. Although a number of post studies have produced contradictory findings, some generalizations of use to the practitioner can be made: northern white-cedar is of small stature, slow growing, decay prone except on cliff sites, and found in both early- and late-successional stands. Northern white-cedar appears to he a highly variable species that can adopt to a wide range of environmental stresses. Because management of this resource has proven difficult, northern white-cedar silvicultural guidelines are needed throughout its range. C1 [Hofmeyer, Philip V.] Morrisville State Univ, Sch Agr & Nat Resources, Morrisville, NY 13408 USA. [Kenefic, Laura S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. [Seymour, Robert S.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Hofmeyer, PV (reprint author), Morrisville State Univ, Sch Agr & Nat Resources, Morrisville, NY 13408 USA. EM hofmeypv@morrisville.edu RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 FU University of Maine School of Forest Resources; University of Maine Cooperative Forestry Research Unit; Maibec's Industries, Inc. FX This study was funded by the University of Maine School of Forest Resources an grants from the University of Maine Cooperative Forestry Research Unit and Maibec's Industries, Inc., in St-Pamphile, Quebec, Canada. NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 20 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 428OE UT WOS:000264857100005 ER PT J AU Moriarty, KM Zielinski, WJ Gonzales, AG Dawson, TE Boatner, KM Wilson, CA Schlexer, FV Pilgrim, KL Copeland, JP Schwartz, MK AF Moriarty, Katie M. Zielinski, William J. Gonzales, Armand G. Dawson, Todd E. Boatner, Kristie M. Wilson, Craig A. Schlexer, Fredrick V. Pilgrim, Kristine L. Copeland, Jeffrey P. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Wolverine Confirmation in California after Nearly a Century: Native or Long-Distance Immigrant? SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULO-GULO POPULATIONS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DNA; MIGRATION; ECOSYSTEM; AMERICA; CANADA AB We photo-verified the presence of a wolverine (Gulo gulo) in California for the first time in 86 years during February 2008. Herein we document the process of determining the origin of this wolverine using genetic, stable carbon (delta C-13) and stable nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope information. The wolverine's origin was significant because it is a state-threatened species and California represents a historically unique genotype of wolverines in North America. We obtained both photographs and noninvasively-collected genetic evidence (scat and hair). DNA analysis revealed the animal was a male and not a remnant of a historical California population. Comparison with available data revealed the individual was most closely related to populations from the western edge of the Rocky Mountains. This represents the first evidence of connectivity between wolverine populations of the Rocky and Sierra Nevada Mountain Ranges. C1 [Moriarty, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zielinski, William J.; Schlexer, Fredrick V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Gonzales, Armand G.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Dawson, Todd E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boatner, Kristie M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Truckee, CA 96161 USA. [Wilson, Craig A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierraville, CA 96126 USA. [Pilgrim, Kristine L.; Copeland, Jeffrey P.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Moriarty, KM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ktmoriarty22@gmail.com RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 83 IS 2 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.3955/046.083.0207 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447VY UT WOS:000266221300007 ER PT J AU Kuhn, G Hanley, DP Gehringer, KR AF Kuhn, Gary Hanley, Donald P. Gehringer, Kevin R. TI Davenport Living Snowfence Demonstration: Five-Year Update SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Snowfences are specialized windbreaks that divert drifting snow so it will accumulate in a predictable location. They are used commonly in areas with significant snowfall such as the Great Plains and upper mid-west, but are very uncommon in eastern Washington. The purpose of this planting was to display establishment and initial growth in this portion of the country using technologies developed elsewhere. Snowfence demonstrations in southeastern Idaho and a small-scale dry land test plantings near Ritzville, Washington led to an interagency snowfence demonstration project north of Davenport, Washington. The project demonstrated new establishment technology and the value of living snowfences in this dry cropland region. Sixteen snowdrift sites in Lincoln County were identified by road maintenance personnel from the Washington State Department of Transportation. In April 2003, we planted 532 trees and installed fabric mulch on four 268-meter long rows at the selected demonstration site. While the project's primary purpose was to demonstrate feasibility, the trees' yearly growth was also documented. After five years tree height, crown width, and survival rates (100%) were greater than expected, suggesting that living snowfences can be successfully established in this area of the country. Also after five years, the snowfence started to catch drifting snow. The successful establishment and growth of this demonstration planting resulted in living snowfence demonstrations near Anatone, Washington and Athena, Oregon. Landowners and professionals working with landowners were encouraged to incorporate windbreaks into their conservation measures. C1 [Hanley, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, WSU Extens, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kuhn, Gary] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. [Gehringer, Kevin R.] Biometr NW LLC, Redmond, WA 98053 USA. RP Hanley, DP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, WSU Extens, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hanley@wsu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 83 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.3955/046.083.0208 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447VY UT WOS:000266221300008 ER PT J AU Warodomwichit, D Shen, J Arnett, DK Tsai, MY Kabagambe, EK Peacock, JM Hixson, JE Straka, RJ Province, MA An, P Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Borecki, IB Ordovas, JM AF Warodomwichit, Daruneewan Shen, Jian Arnett, Donna K. Tsai, Michael Y. Kabagambe, Edmond K. Peacock, James M. Hixson, James E. Straka, Robert J. Province, Michael A. An, Ping Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Borecki, Ingrid B. Ordovas, Jose M. TI ADIPOQ Polymorphisms, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids, and Obesity Risk: The GOLDN Study SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ADIPONECTIN GENE POLYMORPHISMS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME; SERUM ADIPONECTIN; APM1 GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; PLASMA ADIPONECTIN; PROXIMAL PROMOTER; BINDING-PROTEIN AB Serum adiponectin levels have been positively associated with insulin sensitivity and are decreased in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Genetic and environmental factors influence serum adiponectin and may contribute to risk of metabolic syndrome and T2D. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ADIPOQ single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -11377C>G and -11391G>A, on metabolic-related traits, and their modulation by dietary fat in white Americans. Data were collected from 1,083 subjects participating in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study. Mean serum adiponectin concentration was higher for carriers of the -11391A allele (P = 0.001) but lower for the -11377G allele carriers (P = 0.017). Moreover, we found a significant association with obesity traits for the -11391G>A SNP. Carriers of the -11391A allele had significantly lower weight (P = 0.029), BMI (P = 0.019), waist (P = 0.003), and hip circumferences (P = 0.004) compared to noncarriers. Interestingly, the associations of the -11391G>A with BMI and obesity risk were modified by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake (P-interaction = 0.021 and 0.034 for BMI and obesity risk, respectively). In subjects with MUFA intake above the median (>= 13% of energy intake), -11391A carriers had lower BMI (27.1 kg/m(2) for GA+AA vs. 29.1 kg/m(2) for GG, P = 0.002) and decreased obesity risk ( odds ratio for -11391A = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.28-0.96; P = 0.031). However, we did not detect genotype-related differences for BMI or obesity in subjects with MUFA intake <13%. Our findings support a significant association between the -11391G>A SNPs and obesity-related traits and the potential to moderate such effects using dietary modification. C1 [Warodomwichit, Daruneewan; Shen, Jian; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Warodomwichit, Daruneewan] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Dept Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Arnett, Donna K.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Peacock, James M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hixson, James E.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin & Expt Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Province, Michael A.; Borecki, Ingrid B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sci Ctr, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO USA. [An, Ping] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Parnell, Laurence/0000-0001-9718-1335; Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI [U 01 HL72524]; Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides [HL-54776]; NIDDK [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This work was supported by NHLBI grants U 01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides and HL-54776 and NIDDK grant DK075030, and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 65 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 3 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.583 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 413JF UT WOS:000263788700015 PM 19238139 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Arnett, DK Garcia-Bailo, B Tsai, MY Kabagambe, EK Straka, RJ Province, MA An, P Borecki, IB Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM AF Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Arnett, Donna K. Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana Tsai, Michael Y. Kabagambe, Edmond K. Straka, Robert J. Province, Michael A. An, Ping Borecki, Ingrid B. Tucker, Katherine L. Ordovas, Jose M. TI WDTC1, the Ortholog of Drosophila Adipose Gene, Associates With Human Obesity, Modulated by MUFA Intake SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID MUTANT FEMALE STERILE(2)ADIPOSE; DEVELOPMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY; PUERTO-RICAN; MELANOGASTER; POPULATION; HEALTH; TRIGLYCERIDE; FREQUENCIES; EXPRESSION; SELECTION AB Adipose (adp) is an obesity gene in Drosophila and mice with crucial functions in fat metabolism. We investigated the correlation between genetic variation of the WDTC1 locus, the ortholog of adp, and human obesity. Five WDTC1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 935 and 1,115 adults of two ethnically diverse US populations. In the Boston Puerto Rican population, we demonstrated that two WDTC1 SNPs strongly associated with obesity. Homozygote and heterozygote carriers of the major allele i22835A, representing similar to 96% of the population, had significantly higher mean BMI (31.5 and 31.0 kg/m(2), respectively) than noncarriers (28.6 kg/m(2)). Conversely, homozygotes of the minor allele i22835G were leaner and were 74% less likely to be overweight or obese (odds ratio (OR) = 0.26, P = 0.003) compared to homozygote carriers of the major allele. Haplotype analyses based on two SNPs further supported these findings. In addition, we found a strong interaction of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake by genotype in this population. As dietary MUFA intake increased, minor allele carriers of SNP i22835A> G had higher BMIs, whereas major allele carriers had lower BMIs. A white population also exhibited a pattern of association between WDTC1 genotypes and obesity although of a different nature. Those WDTC1 variants which associated with obesity likely have experienced strong positive selection in human history, when food supply was unpredictable. Given the high frequency of the major alleles in both populations, we suggest that WDTC1 variation may be an important risk factor contributing to obesity in these populations. C1 [Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Province, Michael A.; Borecki, Ingrid B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [An, Ping] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute on Aging [5P01AG023394-02]; NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL54776]; US Department of Agriculture [DK075030, 53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Agriculture Research Service FX The research presented here was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Aging, grant number 5P01AG023394-02 and NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant number HL54776 and NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases DK075030 and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 3 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.561 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 413JF UT WOS:000263788700027 PM 19238144 ER PT J AU Haynes, KJ Liebhold, AM Johnson, DM AF Haynes, Kyle J. Liebhold, Andrew M. Johnson, Derek M. TI Spatial analysis of harmonic oscillation of gypsy moth outbreak intensity SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Periodicity; Population cycles; Spatial synchrony ID POPULATION-CYCLES; INSECT OUTBREAKS; STAND SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRAVELING-WAVES; NORTH-AMERICA; LEPIDOPTERA; SYNCHRONY; LYMANTRIIDAE; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS AB Outbreaks of many forest-defoliating insects are synchronous over broad geographic areas and occur with a period of approximately 10 years. Within the range of the gypsy moth in North America, however, there is considerable geographic heterogeneity in strength of periodicity and the frequency of outbreaks. Furthermore, gypsy moth outbreaks exhibit two significant periodicities: a dominant period of 8-10 years and a subdominant period of 4-5 years. In this study, we used a simulation model and spatially referenced time series of outbreak intensity data from the Northeastern United States to show that the bimodal periodicity in the intensity of gypsy moth outbreaks is largely a result of harmonic oscillations in gypsy moth abundance at and above a 4 km(2) scale of resolution. We also used geographically weighted regression models to explore the effects of gypsy moth host-tree abundance on the periodicity of gypsy moths. We found that the strength of 5-year cycles increased relative to the strength of 10-year cycles with increasing host tree abundance. We suggest that this pattern emerges because high host-tree availability enhances the growth rates of gypsy moth populations. C1 [Haynes, Kyle J.; Johnson, Derek M.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Haynes, KJ (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM kjh1087@louisiana.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Haynes, Kyle/C-1374-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Haynes, Kyle/0000-0002-3283-6633; FU USDA-NRI [2006-35306-17264] FX Funding for this study was provided by a USDA-NRI Grant (2006-35306-17264) to D. M. J. We thank J. M. Constible for providing useful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We also thank G. Luzader for assisting with database queries and for generating Fig. 4. The study described in this manuscript complies with the current laws of the United States. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2009 VL 159 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1207-7 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408GZ UT WOS:000263424800001 PM 18985391 ER PT J AU Liu, H Pemberton, RW AF Liu, Hong Pemberton, Robert W. TI Solitary invasive orchid bee outperforms co-occurring native bees to promote fruit set of an invasive Solanum SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Buzz pollination; Euglossa viridissima; Invasive mutualism; Pollen limitation; Solanum torvum ID HONEY-BEES; POLLEN LIMITATION; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; PLANT REPRODUCTION; INTRODUCED BEES; CENTRIS-NITIDA; EXOTIC SHRUB; SEED SET; FLORIDA; POLLINATION AB Our understanding of the effects of introduced invasive pollinators on plants has been exclusively drawn from studies on introduced social bees. One might expect, however, that the impacts of introduced solitary bees, with much lower population densities and fewer foragers, would be small. Yet little is known about the potential effects of naturalized solitary bees on the environment. We took advantage of the recent naturalization of an orchid bee, Euglossa viridissima, in southern Florida to study the effects of this solitary bee on reproduction of Solanum torvum, an invasive shrub. Flowers of S. torvum require specialized buzz pollination. Through timed floral visitor watches and two pollination treatments (control and pollen supplementation) at three forest edge and three open area sites, we found that the fruit set of S. torvum was pollen limited at the open sites where the native bees dominate, but was not pollen limited at the forest sites where the invasive orchid bees dominate. The orchid bee's pollination efficiency was nearly double that of the native halictid bees, and was also slightly higher than that of the native carpenter bee. Experiments using small and large mesh cages (to deny or allow E. viridissima access, respectively) at one forest site indicated that when the orchid bee was excluded, the flowers set one-quarter as many fruit as when the bee was allowed access. The orchid bee was the most important pollinator of the weed at the forest sites, which could pose additional challenges to the management of this weed in the fragmented, endangered tropical hardwood forests in the region. This specialized invasive mutualism may promote populations of both the orchid bee and this noxious weed. Invasive solitary bees, particularly species that are specialized pollinators, appear to have more importance than has previously been recognized. C1 [Liu, Hong] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. [Pemberton, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM hliu01@yahoo.com NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2009 VL 159 IS 3 BP 515 EP 525 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1232-6 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408ER UT WOS:000263418800005 PM 19066971 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE AF Pearson, Dean E. TI Invasive plant architecture alters trophic interactions by changing predator abundance and behavior SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Community assembly; Preadaptation; Predator-prey interactions; Trait-mediated indirect interactions ID MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; NEPHILA-CLAVIPES ARANEAE; ORB-WEAVING SPIDER; BOTTOM-UP; WEB; COMMUNITIES; DICTYNIDAE; ARANEIDAE; BIOLOGY; CONSEQUENCES AB As primary producers, plants are known to influence higher trophic interactions by initiating food chains. However, as architects, plants may bypass consumers to directly affect predators with important but underappreciated trophic ramifications. Invasion of western North American grasslands by the perennial forb, spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), has fundamentally altered the architecture of native grassland vegetation. Here, I use long-term monitoring, observational studies, and field experiments to document how changes in vegetation architecture have affected native web spider populations and predation rates. Native spiders that use vegetation as web substrates were collectively 38 times more abundant in C. maculosa-invaded grasslands than in uninvaded grasslands. This increase in spider abundance was accompanied by a large shift in web spider community structure, driven primarily by the strong response of Dictyna spiders to C. maculosa invasion. Dictyna densities were 46-74 times higher in C. maculosa-invaded than native grasslands, a pattern that persisted over 6 years of monitoring. C. maculosa also altered Dictyna web building behavior and foraging success. Dictyna webs on C. maculosa were 2.9-4.0 times larger and generated 2.0-2.3 times higher total prey captures than webs on Achillea millefolium, their primary native substrate. Dictyna webs on C. maculosa also captured 4.2 times more large prey items, which are crucial for reproduction. As a result, Dictyna were nearly twice as likely to reproduce on C. maculosa substrates compared to native substrates. The overall outcome of C. maculosa invasion and its transformative effects on vegetation architecture on Dictyna density and web building behavior were to increase Dictyna predation on invertebrate prey a parts per thousand yen89 fold. These results indicate that invasive plants that change the architecture of native vegetation can substantially impact native food webs via nontraditional plant -> predator -> consumer linkages. C1 [Pearson, Dean E.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0236061]; Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project; USDA Forest Service FX I thank R. Fletcher, R. Callaway, T. Martin, J. Maron, Y. Ortega, L. Ruggiero, M. Schwartz, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. R. King advised on statistical analysis. Spiders were identified by P. Cushing and J. Slowik, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO. C. Crowder, R. Jensen, S. Sears, and J. Smith assisted in data collection. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0236061) and Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project, USDA Forest Service. This research was conduced in compliance with United States laws. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2009 VL 159 IS 3 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1241-5 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408ER UT WOS:000263418800008 PM 19082630 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD James, JJ AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jonathan D. James, Jeremy J. TI Microsite and herbaceous vegetation heterogeneity after burning Artemisia tridentata steppe SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Coexistence; Disturbance; Micro-environment; Prescribed fire; Resource island ID SAGEBRUSH-GRASS RANGE; BIG SAGEBRUSH; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; RESOURCE ISLANDS; EASTERN OREGON; SOILS; PATTERNS; PLANTS AB Woody vegetation can create distinct subcanopy and interspace microsites, which often result in resource islands in subcanopies compared to interspaces. This heterogeneity in soil resources contributes to herbaceous vegetation heterogeneity in plant communities. However, information detailing the impact of disturbance, such as fire, that removes the woody vegetation on microsites and herbaceous vegetation heterogeneity is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of burning on microsites and herbaceous vegetation in subcanopies and interspaces. Six study sites (blocks) were located at the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range in shrub (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh)-bunchgrass plant communities and one half of each block was burned to remove A. tridentata. Herbaceous vegetation and microsite characteristics were measured 2 years post-fire in intact and burned subcanopies and interspaces. Burning resulted in microsite and herbaceous vegetation differences between intact and burned subcanopies and intact and burned interspaces. However, burned subcanopies and burned interspaces appeared to be relatively similar. The similarity in microsite characteristics probably explains the lack of differences in herbaceous vegetation cover and biomass production between burned subcanopies and burned interspaces (P > 0.05). However, some microsite and herbaceous vegetation characteristics differed between burned subcanopies and burned interspaces. Our results suggest that disturbances that remove woody vegetation reduced microsite and herbaceous vegetation heterogeneity within plant communities, but do not completely remove the resource island effect. This suggests soil resource heterogeneity may influence post-fire community assembly and contribute to diversity maintenance. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jonathan D.; James, Jeremy J.] USDA, ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2009 VL 159 IS 3 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1231-7 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408ER UT WOS:000263418800012 PM 19066972 ER PT J AU George, K Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Quebedeaux, B Hom, JL Wolf, J Teasdale, JR AF George, K. Ziska, L. H. Bunce, J. A. Quebedeaux, B. Hom, J. L. Wolf, J. Teasdale, J. R. TI Macroclimate associated with urbanization increases the rate of secondary succession from fallow soil SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Demographics; Carbon dioxide; Global warming; Macroclimate; Secondary succession; Urbanization ID URBAN-RURAL TRANSECT; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY RESPONSE; PLANT DIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; COMPETITION AB To examine the impact of projected climate changes on secondary succession, we exposed the same fallow soil with a common seed bank to an in situ gradient of urban to rural macroenvironments that differed in temperature and CO2 concentration ([CO2]). This gradient was established at three locations: Baltimore city center (urban), a city park on the outskirts of Baltimore (suburban), and an organic farm 87 km from the Baltimore city center site (rural). Over a five-year period, the urban site averaged 2.1A degrees C warmer and had a [CO2] that was similar to 20% higher than at the rural location, indicating that this gradient was a reasonable surrogate for projected changes in those variables for this century. Previous work had demonstrated that other abiotic variables measured across the transect, including tropospheric ozone and nitrogen deposition, did not differ consistently. The first year of exposure resulted in (two- to threefold) greater aboveground biomass in the urban relative to the rural site, but with uniform species composition across sites. Simple regression of abiotic variables indicated that temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were the best predictors of plant biomass among locations. Stepwise multiple regressions were also performed to analyze the effect of more than one macroenvironmental variable on total plant biomass. The combination of daily CO2 concentration and nighttime temperature explained 87% (P < 0.01) of the variability in total biomass between sites. After five years, the species demography of the plant communities had changed significantly, with a greater ratio of perennials to annuals for the urban relative to the rural location. Greater first-year biomass and litter accumulation at the urban site may have suppressed the subsequent seed germination of annual species, accelerating changes in species composition. If urban macroenvironments reflect future global change conditions, these data suggest a faster rate of secondary succession in a warmer, higher [CO2] world. C1 [George, K.; Ziska, L. H.; Bunce, J. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [George, K.; Quebedeaux, B.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hom, J. L.] USDA FS, No Global Change Res Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Wolf, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Teasdale, J. R.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov RI wolf, julie/I-6829-2012 OI wolf, julie/0000-0002-1437-982X FU Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER); US Department of Energy; Interagency Agreement [DE-AI02-02ER63360] FX This research was supported by the Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER), US Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-02ER63360 to LHZ, JAB, JLH, and JRT. The authors would like to thank Mr. Ernie Goins, Mr. Jon Clark, Ms. Danielle Reed and Ms. Ruth Mangum for expert technical assistance. The experiments comply with the current laws of the United States. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2009 VL 159 IS 3 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1238-0 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408ER UT WOS:000263418800016 PM 19085013 ER PT J AU Boonen, S Roux, C Bischoff-Ferrari, H Dawson-Hughes, B Chandler, J He, W Rosenberg, E Santora, A AF Boonen, S. Roux, C. Bischoff-Ferrari, H. Dawson-Hughes, B. Chandler, J. He, W. Rosenberg, E. Santora, A. TI ALENDRONATE plus VITAMIN D THERAPY OR REFERRED CARE IN OSTEOPOROTIC WOMEN: RATIONALE AND DESIGN, INCLUDING MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS, FALLS, AND POSSIBLE GENETIC MARKERS SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th European Congress on Clinical an dEconomic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis CY MAR 19-21, 2009 CL Athens, GREECE C1 [Boonen, S.] Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Louvain, Belgium. [Roux, C.] Paris Descartes Univ, Paris, France. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H.] Univ Zurich Hosp, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chandler, J.; Rosenberg, E.] Merck & Co Inc, N Wales, PA USA. [He, W.; Santora, A.] Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 SU 1 BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 536AE UT WOS:000273012800240 ER PT J AU Lane, MM Weidler, EM Czyzewski, DI Shulman, RJ AF Lane, Mariella M. Weidler, Erica M. Czyzewski, Danita I. Shulman, Robert J. TI Pain Symptoms and Stooling Patterns Do Not Drive Diagnostic Costs for Children With Functional Abdominal Pain and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Primary or Tertiary Care SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE recurrent abdominal pain; chronic abdominal pain; functional abdominal pain; irritable bowel syndrome; gastrointestinal symptoms; cost of care ID COMMUNITY; HEALTH; FORM AB OBJECTIVE. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the cost of medical evaluation for children with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome brought to a pediatric gastroenterologist versus children who remained in the care of their pediatrician, (2) compare symptom characteristics for the children in primary versus tertiary care, and (3) examine if symptom characteristics predicted the cost of medical evaluation. METHODS. Eighty-nine children aged 7 to 10 years with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome seen by a gastroenterologist (n = 46) or seen only by a pediatrician (n = 43) completed daily pain and stool diaries for 2 weeks. Mothers provided retrospective reports of their children's symptoms in the previous year. Cost of medical evaluation was calculated via chart review of diagnostic tests and application of prices as if the patients were self-pay. RESULTS. Child-reported diary data reflected no significant group differences with respect to pain, interference with activities, or stool characteristics. In contrast, mothers of children evaluated by a gastroenterologist viewed their children as having higher maximum pain intensity in the previous year. Excluding endoscopy costs, cost of medical evaluation was fivefold higher for children evaluated by a gastroenterologist, with higher cost across blood work, stool studies, breath testing, and diagnostic imaging. Symptom characteristics did not predict cost of care for either group. CONCLUSIONS. Despite the lack of difference in symptom characteristics between children in primary and tertiary care, a notable differential in cost of evaluation exists in accordance with level of care. Symptom characteristics do not seem to drive diagnostic evaluation in either primary or tertiary care. Given the lack of differences in child-reported symptoms and the maternal perspective that children evaluated by a gastroenterologist had more severe pain, we speculate that parent perception of child symptoms may be a primary factor in seeking tertiary care. Pediatrics 2009; 123: 758-764 C1 [Lane, Mariella M.; Czyzewski, Danita I.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Psychiat & Psychol Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Weidler, Erica M.; Shulman, Robert J.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lane, Mariella M.; Czyzewski, Danita I.] Baylor Coll Med, Menninger Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Weidler, Erica M.; Czyzewski, Danita I.; Shulman, Robert J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Weidler, Erica M.; Shulman, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Lane, MM (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Psychiat & Psychol Serv, 6621 Fannin St,CC 1740-01, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mmlane@texaschildrenshospital.org FU National Institute of Nursing Research [R01-005337]; Children's Nutrition Research Center US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [625051000-043]; National Institutes of Health [P30DK56338]; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center (Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX) FX This research was supported by National Institute of Nursing Research grant R01-005337 (to Dr Shulman), Children's Nutrition Research Center US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service grant 625051000-043, and National Institutes of Health grant P30DK56338, which funds the Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center. This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center (Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX). NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 123 IS 3 BP 758 EP 764 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-0227 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413XH UT WOS:000263825500004 PM 19254999 ER PT J AU Neupert, S Russell, WK Russell, DH Lopez, JD Predel, R Nachman, RJ AF Neupert, Susanne Russell, William K. Russell, David H. Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Predel, Reinhard Nachman, Ronald J. TI Neuropeptides in Heteroptera: Identification of allatotropin-related peptide and tachykinin-related peptides using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Tachykinin-related peptides; Allatotropin-related peptide; Mass spectrometry; Insect neuropeptides; Heteroptera; Nezara viridula; Acrosternum hilare; Banasa dimiata; Euschistus servus; Pentatoma rufipes; Oncopeltus fasciatus; Pyrrhocoris apterus ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LOCUSTATACHYKININ-LIKE; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; MANDUCA-SEXTA; AG-MYOTROPIN; BRAIN; EXPRESSION; INTESTINE; LOCUST; PRECURSORS AB Recently, the peptidomic analysis of neuropeptides from the retrocerebral complex and abdominal perisympathetic organs of polyphagous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae) revealed the group-specific sequences of pyrokinins. CAPA peptides (CAPA-periviscerokinins/PVKs and CAPA-pyrokinin), myosuppressin, corazonin, adipokinetic hormone, and short neuropeptide F. In this study, we used mass spectrometric profiling of nervous tissue from the species-rich taxon Hemiptera to identify products of two previously unobserved neuropeptide genes from these species, namely allatotropin-related peptide (ATRP) and tachykinin-related peptides (TKRPs). Since neither TKRPs nor allatotropin are accumulated in neurohemal organs, immunocytochemical data were analyzed to find potential accumulation sites within the central nervous system. By mass spectrometry, TKRPs were found to be accumulated in the antennal lobes, and ATRP was identified in the most posterior region of the abdominal ventral nerve cord and fourth abdominal nerves. In addition to neuropeptides from stink bugs, TKRPs and ATRP were also identified from the distantly related bugs Oncopeltus fasciatus (Lygaeidae) and Pyrrhocoris apterus (Pyrrhocoridae). In total, six TKRPs and one ATRP from each species could be elucidated by tandem mass spectrometry. The ATRP of all species is sequence-identical with Locusta migratoria accessory gland myotropin-1 (Lom-AG-MT-1), a member of the highly conserved insect allatotropin family. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Neupert, Susanne; Predel, Reinhard] Univ Jena, Inst Gen Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Russell, William K.; Russell, David H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Neupert, Susanne; Lopez, Juan D., Jr.; Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Neupert, S (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Gen Zool, Erbertstr 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM mail@susanne-neupert.de; nachman@tamu.edu RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [766/9-1]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (Nachman) FX This study was supported by a grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Predel 766/9-1), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Nachman). NR 22 TC 7 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.11.009 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 427PN UT WOS:000264791300006 PM 19084564 ER PT J AU Li, AQ Rinehart, JP Denlinger, DL AF Li, Aiqing Rinehart, Joseph P. Denlinger, David. L. TI Neuropeptide-like precursor 4 is uniquely expressed during pupal diapause in the flesh fly SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Diapause; Overwintering; Neuropeptide-like precursor 4; Sarcophaga crassipalpis ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; PATTERNS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; INDUCTION; SHOCK AB Suppression subtractive hybridization comparing brains from diapausing and nondiapausing pupae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaya crussipalpis, suggested that the gene encoding neuropeptide-like precursor 4 (Nplp4) was uniquely expressed during diapause. We have sequenced the full-length cDNA encoding Nplp4 and used Northern blots to further evaluate linkage to diapause. The open reading frame of this cDNA encodes a 61-amino acid residue precursor protein containing a predicted 18 residue signal peptide, one 22-amino acid and one 2-amino acid propeptides, and a 19-amino acid neuropeptide. The amino acid sequence of the precursor protein shows 64% identity to Drosophila melanogaster Nplp4; homologues of this precursor protein are not known from species other than these two flies, Nplp4 mRNA levels were quite low in nondiapausing (long day) pupae, but in contrast the gene was highly upregulated in diapausing (short day) pupae. Expression increased at the onset of diapause, remained high throughout diapause, and then decreased 2 days after diapause was terminated. Although the function of this precursor protein and the neuropeptide it yields remain unknown, this close association with diapause suggests a potential role for Nplp4 in initiating and maintaining diapause in the flesh fly. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Aiqing; Rinehart, Joseph P.; Denlinger, David. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Li, Aiqing] Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rinehart, Joseph P.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Denlinger, DL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM denlinger.1@osu.edu FU NSF [IOB-0416720] FX We thank Giancarlo Lopez-Martinez for helpful advice during the course of this study. This work was supported in part by NSF grant IOB-0416720. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 518 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.10.008 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 427PN UT WOS:000264791300010 PM 19007830 ER PT J AU Zhang, QR Nachman, RJ Zubrzak, P Denlinger, DL AF Zhang, Qirui Nachman, Ronald J. Zubrzak, Pawel Denlinger, David L. TI Conformational aspects and hyperpotent agonists of diapause hormone for termination of pupal diapause in the corn earworm SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Diapause hormone; Diapause termination; Active core analogs; Aminopeptidases; Helicoverpa zea; Active conformation ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; BOMBYX-MORI; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; ACTIVE CONFORMATION; TOBACCO BUDWORM; GENE; SILKWORM AB Diapause hormone (DH) is a peptide well known to induce embryonic diapause in the commercial silkmoth Bombyx mori. More recently, this same neuropeptide was reported to break diapause in pupae of the agriculturally important Heliothis/Helicoverpa complex. in this study we examine the efficacy and potency of a select group of structural analogs of the native hormone in Helicoverpa zea and report the structures of several analogs that are considerably more potent than DH in breaking diapause. Among the most potent analogs (PK-Etz, PK-2Abf, 901) were those with structural components that enhance resistance to peptidases that degrade and inactivate the native peptide in vivo, which may account, at least in part, for the observed increase in potency for these analogs. Analog 901 was previously demonstrated to both enhance biostablility and bioavailability properties in adult heliothines and thus may be a potential candidate for topical application as a diapause-terminating agent. The significant activity observed for two restricted conformation analogs is consistent with an active conformation for diapause hormone that features a transPro within a type I beta-turn in the C-terminal region. DH is also known to successfully break diapause only within a fairly narrow temperature range. While DH is effective at 21 degrees C, it is not effective at 18 degrees C. Likewise, the analogs were effective at 21 degrees C but not at 18 degrees C. By contrast, 20-hydroxyecdysone, a steroid hormone that is also capable of breaking diapause is effective at both temperatures, thus suggesting that DH and the ecdysteroids act through different mechanisms to terminate diapause. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Zubrzak, Pawel] ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Zhang, Qirui; Denlinger, David L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&D Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; denlinger.1@osu.edu RI Zhang, Qirui/C-6579-2011 OI Zhang, Qirui/0000-0002-2749-9740 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35607-16582] FX We thank Beverley Pagura Cash and Ellen M. Reeves (North Carolina State University) for supplying eggs of H. zea and Allison Strey and Nan Pryor for able technical assistance in the HPLC purification of analogs. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant Number 2006-35607-16582 (DLD, RJN, QZ). NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 596 EP 602 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.07.006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 427PN UT WOS:000264791300021 PM 18691622 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Ben Aziz, O Davidovitch, M Zubrzak, P Isaac, RE Strey, A Reyes-Rangel, G Juaristi, E Williams, HJ Altstein, M AF Nachman, Ronald J. Ben Aziz, Orna Davidovitch, Michael Zubrzak, Pawel Isaac, R. Elwyn Strey, Allison Reyes-Rangel, Gloria Juaristi, Eusebio Williams, Howard J. Altstein, Miriam TI Biostable beta-amino acid PK/PBAN analogs: Agonist and antagonist properties SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE beta-Amino acids; PBAN; Sex pheromone biosynthesis; Cuticular melanization; Pupariation; Hindgut contraction; Insect neuropeptide agonist/antagonist ID SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE LEUCOPYROKININ; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; PEPTIDASE-RESISTANT ANALOGS; SARCOPHAGA-BULLATA LARVAE; PUPARIATION ACCELERATION; CUTICULAR MELANIZATION; HELIOTHIS-PELTIGERA; AMPHIPHILIC ANALOGS; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE AB The pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PK/PBAN) family plays a significant role in a multifunctional array of important physiological processes in insects. PK/PBAN analogs incorporating P-amino acids were synthesized and evaluated in a pheromonotropic assay in Heliothis peltigera, a melanotropic assay in Spodoptera littoralis, a pupariation assay in Neoliellieria bullata, and a hindgut contractile assay in Leucophaea maderae. Two analogs (PK-beta A-1 and PK-beta A-4) demonstrate greatly enhanced resistance to the peptidases neprilysin and angiotensin converting enzyme that are shown to degrade the natural peptides. Despite the changes to the PK core, analog PK-beta A-4 represents a biostable, non-selective agonist in all four bioassays, essentially matching the potency of a natural PK in pupariation assay. Analog PK-beta A-2 is a potent agonist in the melanotropic assay, demonstrating full efficacy at 1 pmol. In some cases, the structural changes imparted to the analogs modify the physiological responses. Analog PK-beta A-3 is a non-selective agonist in all four bioassays. The analog PK-beta A-1 shows greater selectivity than parent PK peptides; it is virtually inactive in the pupariation assay and represents a biostable antagonist in the pheromonotropic and melanotropic assays, without the significant agonism of the Parent hexapeptide. These analogs provide new, and in some cases, biostable tools to endocrinologists studying similarities and differences in the mechanisms of the variety of PK/PBAN mediated physiological processes. They also may provide leads in the development of PK/PBAN-based, insect-specific pest management agents. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Zubrzak, Pawel; Strey, Allison] USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ben Aziz, Orna; Davidovitch, Michael; Altstein, Miriam] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Isaac, R. Elwyn] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Reyes-Rangel, Gloria; Juaristi, Eusebio] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Chem, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Williams, Howard J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; vinnie2@agri.gov.il FU Texas Advanced Technology/Research [000517-0103-2001]; USDA/DOD DWFP [0500-32000-001-01R] FX This research was supported by the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) (IS-3356-02) (MA, RJN). We also acknowledge financial assistance from the Texas Advanced Technology/Research Grant (#000517-0103-2001) (HJW, RJN), and a grant from the USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) (RJN, PZ). NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 608 EP 615 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.11.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 427PN UT WOS:000264791300023 PM 19063927 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Teal, PEA Aziz, OB Davidovitch, M Zubrzak, P Altstein, M AF Nachman, Ronald J. Teal, Peter E. A. Aziz, Orna Ben Davidovitch, Michael Zubrzak, Pawel Altstein, Miriam TI An amphiphilic, PK/PBAN analog is a selective pheromonotropic antagonist that penetrates the cuticle of a heliothine insect SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Amphiphilic; PBAN; Sex pheromone biosynthesis; Cuticular melanization; Insect neuropeptide antagonist; Cuticle penetration; Noctuid moths ID BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SARCOPHAGA-BULLATA LARVAE; TOPICAL APPLICATION; PUPARIATION ACCELERATION; PYROKININ NEUROPEPTIDES; CUTICULAR MELANIZATION; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; MOTHS; LEUCOPYROKININ; INDUCTION AB A linear pyrokinin (PK)/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) antagonist lead (RYF[dF]PRLa) was structurally modified to impart amphiphilic properties to enhance its ability to transmigrate the hydrophobic cuticle of noctuid moth species and yet retain aqueous solubility in the hemolymph to reach target PK/PBAN receptors within the internal insect environment. The resulting novel PK/PBAN analog, Hex-Suc-A[dF]PRLa (PPK-AA), was synthesized and evaluated as an antagonist in a pheromonotropic assay in Heliothis peltigera against 4 natural PK/PBAN peptide elicitors (PBAN; pheromonotropin, PT; myotropin, MT; leucopyrokinin, LPK) and in a melanotropic assay in Spodoptera littoralis against 3 natural PK/PBAN peptide elicitors (PBAN, PT, LPK). The analog proved to be a potent and efficacious inhibitor of sex pheromone biosynthesis elicited by PBAN (84% at 100 pmol) and PT (54% at 100 pmol), but not by Wand LPK. PPK-AA is a selective pure antagonist (i.e., does not exhibit any agonistic activity) as it failed to inhibit melanization elicited by any of the natural PK/PBAN peptides. The analog was shown to transmigrate isolated cuticle dissected from adult female Heliothis virescens moths to a high extent of 25-30% (130-150 pmol), representing physiologically significant quantities. PPK-AA represents a significant addition to the arsenal of tools available to arthropod endocrinologists studying the endogenous mechanisms of PK/PBAN regulated processes, and a prototype for the development of environmentally friendly pest management agents capable of disrupting the critical process of reproduction. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Zubrzak, Pawel] USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Aziz, Orna Ben; Davidovitch, Michael; Altstein, Miriam] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; vinnie2@agri.gov.il FU US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [IS-3356-02] FX This research was supported by the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) (IS-3356-02) (MA, RJN). NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 616 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.09.024 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 427PN UT WOS:000264791300024 PM 18992778 ER PT J AU Baley, GJ Campbell, KG Yenish, J Kidwell, KK Paulitz, TC AF Baley, George J. Campbell, Kimbelley G. Yenish, Joseph Kidwell, Kimberlee K. Paulitz, Timothy C. TI Influence of glyphosate, crop volunteer and root pathogens on glyphosate-resistant wheat under controlled environmental conditions SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glyphosate resistance; wheat; Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizoctonia oryzae; Gaeumannomyces graminis; Pythium ultimum; greenbridge effect ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI AG-8; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SMALL GRAINS; TAKE-ALL; ROT; TILLAGE; SOIL; DISEASES AB BACKGROUND: The herbicide glyphosate has a synergistic effect on root disease because of increased susceptibility from reduced plant defenses resulting from the blockage of the shikimic acid pathway. Could glyphosate-resistant (GR) wheat cultivars and glyphosate application in-crop increase the risk of damage from soil-borne pathogens? Growth chamber experiments were conducted with two GR wheat lines and their corresponding glyphosate-sensitive (GS) parents and four pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn R. oryzae Ryker & Gooch, Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) v. Arx & J. Olivier var. tritici J. Walker and Pythium ultimum Trow). Treatments consisted of different herbicide timings and planting of crop volunteer to mimic management practices in the field. RESULTS: GR cultivars were not inherently more susceptible to root pathogens than GS cultivars, and application of glyphosate did not increase root disease. When crop volunteer was grown in close proximity to GR cultivars, the timing of glyphosate application had a profound effect. In general, the longer the crop volunteer was left before killing with glyphosate, the greater was the competitive effect on the planted crop. Both R. solani and G. graminis var. tritici reduced plant height, number of tillers and root length of the GR cultivars in the presence of crop volunteer with glyphosate application. CONCLUSION: To minimize the damaging effects of these pathogens, producers should apply glyphosate at least 2-3 weeks before planting GR wheat, as currently advised for GS cereals. Published 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Paulitz, Timothy C.] USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Baley, George J.; Yenish, Joseph; Kidwell, Kimberlee K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Campbell, Kimbelley G.] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment [2001-03734]; USDAARS [5248-22000-012-00D]; Washington State University FX This work was supported by USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant 2001-03734 'Risk Assessment of Increased Soil-borne Disease Pressure in Glyphosate Tolerant Wheat Production', by USDAARS Project Number 5248-22000-012-00D and by Washington State University. The authors thank Vic DeMacon, Gary Shelton, Melissa McClendon, Julia Piaskowski, Crystal Hasey, Andrea Young, Jeannie Ellsworth, LaRena Claasen and Stephanie Swannick for their assistance. They also thank Monsanto and Westbred LLC for providing the glyphosate-resistant cultivars. References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for the purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 65 IS 3 BP 288 EP 299 DI 10.1002/ps.1687 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 413FC UT WOS:000263777300010 PM 19115241 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JFS Gonzalez, JM AF Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Gonzalez, Javier M. TI Analysis of underivatized artemisinin and related sesquiterpene lactones by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HPLC-UV; HPLC-PAD; dihydroartemisinic acid; artemisinic acid; artesunate; artelinic acid; dihydroartemisinin; Artemisia annua ID DIHYDROARTEMISINIC ACID; SCHISTOSOMA-JAPONICUM; ANNUA; IDENTIFICATION; ARTEMETHER; CANCER AB Introduction - Although high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-PAD) is widely available, it has not been used for artemisinin (1) analysis because of the lack of UV absorption reported for this lactone. Increased Artemisia annua cultivation for production of 1 requires an affordable and reliable method to analyse 1 and its precursors dihydroartemisinic acid (2) and artemisinic acid (3) simultaneously from underivatized plant extracts. Objective-To validate HPLC-PAD for the quantification of underivatized artemisinin from A. annua and artemisinin-based drugs. Methodology - Dried A. annua leaves were extracted with petroleum ether, dried, reconstituted in acetonitrile, and analysed by HPLC-PAD at 192 nm using an isocratic mobile phase (60:40, acetonitrile: 0.1% acetic acid). HPLC-PAD was evaluated through accuracy, precision, recovery and comparison with HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). Results - HPLC-PAD proved accurate, precise and reproducible for the direct quantification of 1 and related compounds, and was more sensitive than ELSD for most of the compounds tested. The limit of quantification of 1-3 from plants was 0.048, 0.024 and 0.008 g/100 g dry weight, respectively. Recoveries were over 98%, with good intra- and inter-day repeatability. HPLC-PAD correlated significantly (r(2) = 0.99, p < 0.001) with HPLC-ELSD for artemisinin analysis. HPLC-PAD was also reliable for the analysis of dihydroartemisinin, artesunate and artelinic acid. Conclusion - HPLC with ultraviolet detection was validated for the quantification of underivatized 1, 2, and 3 from crude plant samples, and is readily applicable for the quality control of herbals and artemisinin-related pharmaceutical compounds. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.; Gonzalez, Javier M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Ferreira, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM jorge.ferreira@ars.usda.gov OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1002/pca.1101 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 414XC UT WOS:000263897500001 PM 18980258 ER PT J AU Gardner, DR Pfister, JA AF Gardner, Dale R. Pfister, James A. TI HPLC-MS Analysis of Toxic Norditerpenoid Alkaloids: Refinement of Toxicity Assessment of Low Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Delphinium nuttallianum; Delphinium andersonii; norditerpenoid alkaloids; poisonous plants ID PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANDERSONII GRAY; C-19-DITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; NUTTALLIANUM PRITZ; METHYLLYCACONITINE; BICOLOR AB Introduction - The low larkspurs (Delphinium nuttallianum and D. andersonii are two toxic plant species that are often fatally ingested by cattle on western USA rangelands. To assess the potential toxicity of the plants, methods are needed to identify and quantify the toxic N-methylsuccinimidoanthranoyllycacontine type alkaloids in the plant. Objective-To compare normal-phase and reverse-phase HPLC-MS methods of analysis for detection and identification of toxic alkaloids in two species of toxic larkspur plants and to define the toxic alkaloids found in Delphinium nuttallianum and D. andersonii collected from several sites in the western USA. Results-The major toxic alkaloids found in the low larkspurs included methyllycaconitine, nudicauline, 14-deacetylnudicauline and geyerline. Other toxic alkaloids detected at lower concentrations included 16-deacetylgeyerline, grandiflorine, bearline, 14-acetylbearline, barbinine, 16-demethylnudicauline and three additional isomers of bearline. Total toxic alkaloid concentrations ranged from 0.72 mg/g (d.w.) to 7.02 mg/g determined by reverse-phase HPLC-MS. Conclusion - The low larkspurs contain a number of toxic alkaloids in addition to the alkaloid methyllycaconitine that need to be assessed when considering the toxicity of the plant. Both normal-phase and reverse-phase HPLC methods are adequate to detect and quantify the alkaloids. The reverse-phase separation may be preferred due to readily available columns, reduced solvent use and simplicity of the electrospray ionisation source. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Gardner, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM dale.gardner@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1002/pca.1104 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 414XC UT WOS:000263897500003 PM 19012276 ER PT J AU Carmo-Silva, AE Keys, AJ Beale, MH Ward, JL Baker, JM Hawkins, ND Arrabaca, MC Parry, MAJ AF Carmo-Silva, Ana E. Keys, Alfred J. Beale, Michael H. Ward, Jane L. Baker, John M. Hawkins, Nathaniel D. Arrabaca, Maria Celeste Parry, Martin A. J. TI Drought stress increases the production of 5-hydroxynorvaline in two C-4 grasses SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cynodon dactylon; Paspalum dilatatum; Zoysia japonica; Poaceae; C-4 grasses; Metabolite profiling; Water deficit; Amino acid; 2-Amino-5-hydroxypentanoic acid (5-hydroxynorvaline, 5-HNV) ID AMINO-ACIDS; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; WATER-DEFICIT; RESPONSES; PLANT; RESIDUES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLOMICS; SALINITY AB Plants produce various compounds in response to water deficit. Here, the presence and identification of a drought-inducible non-protein amino acid in the leaves of two C-4 grasses is first reported. The soluble amino acids extracted from the leaves of three different species were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography of derivatives formed with o-phthaldialdehyde and beta-mercaptoethanol. One amino acid that increased in amount with drought stress had a retention time not corresponding to any common amino acid. Its identity was determined by metabolite profiling, using H-1 NMR and GC-MS. This unusual amino acid was present in the dehydrated leaves of Cynodon dactylon (L) Pets. and Zoysia japonica Steudel, but was absent from Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Its identity as 2-amino-5-hydroxypentanoic acid (5-hydroxynorvaline, 5-HNV) was confirmed by synthesis and co-chromatography of synthetic and naturally occurring compounds. The amount of 5-HNV in leaves of the more drought tolerant C-4 grasses, C. dactylon and Z. japonica, increased with increasing water deficit; therefore, any benefits from this unusual non-protein amino acid for drought resistance should be further explored. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carmo-Silva, Ana E.; Arrabaca, Maria Celeste] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Vegetal, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Carmo-Silva, Ana E.; Arrabaca, Maria Celeste] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Engn Biol, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Carmo-Silva, Ana E.; Keys, Alfred J.; Beale, Michael H.; Ward, Jane L.; Baker, John M.; Hawkins, Nathaniel D.; Parry, Martin A. J.] Ctr Crop Genet Improvement, Dept Plant Sci, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Carmo-Silva, AE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM elizabete.carmosilva@gmail.com RI Hawkins, Nathaniel/E-5097-2011; Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/G-7437-2012; OI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/0000-0001-6059-9359; Parry, Martin/0000-0002-4477-672X FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal [SFRH/BD/13730/2003]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK FX A.E. Carmo-Silva acknowledges Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal, for financial support (Ph.D. Grant SFRH/BD/13730/2003). Rothamsted Research is a Grant-aided Institute of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK. The authors thank AgResearch, Margot Forde Forage Germplasm Centre, New Zealand, and Alipio Dias e Irmao, Lda, Portugal, for providing grass seeds; and Dr. Samuel Dufour, Rothamsted Research, for help and advice on Analytical Chemistry. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR PY 2009 VL 70 IS 5 BP 664 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.03.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 450KO UT WOS:000266399600014 PM 19359022 ER PT J AU Chen, J Pu, X Deng, X Liu, S Li, H Civerolo, E AF Chen, J. Pu, X. Deng, X. Liu, S. Li, H. Civerolo, E. TI A Phytoplasma Related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteri' Detected in Citrus Showing Huanglongbing (Yellow Shoot Disease) Symptoms in Guangdong, P. R. China SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENING DISEASE; SAO-PAULO; WITCHES-BROOM; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; MOLLICUTES; BACTERIUM; SEQUENCES; BRAZIL AB Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) or yellow shoot disease (i.e., greening disease) is highly destructive to citrus production worldwide. Understanding the etiology of HLB is critical for managing the disease. HLB is currently associated with infection by 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.' around the world, including China. However, Koch's postulates have not been fulfilled. In addition, other plant pathogens also may be involved in HLB. In a survey performed in Guangdong Province, P. R. China in 2006 and 2007, 141 citrus samples showing typical symptoms of HLB from 11 different cities were collected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using phytoplasma-specific primer sets fU5/rU3 nested with primer set P1/P7 identified 110 (78.0%) positive samples. A 1,785-bp amplicon was obtained with primer set P1/P7. Analysis showed a 100% identity of this sequence in the region of 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer to three strains of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteri' (onion yellows [Japan], aster yellows 'watercress' [Hawaii], and valeriana yellows [Lithuania]). Of the 141 samples, 89 (63.1%) samples were positive for 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus'. When mixed infection was considered, 69 (48.9%) samples were positive for both 'Ca. P. asteri' and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed low titers of both walled and wall-less bodies in the phloem sieve tubes of HLB citrus. When transmission from symptomatic citrus to periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) via dodder (Cuscuta campestris) was conducted, both phytoplasma and 'Ca. L. asiaticus' were detected from the affected periwinkle. In addition to yellowing/mottling, the infected periwinkle showed symptoms of virescence and phyllody which are commonly associated with phytoplasmal diseases. TEM analysis of affected periwinkle revealed pleomorphic and wall-less organisms, characteristic of phytoplasmas, filling some phloem sieve tubes. In contrast, walled bacteria were at low titer. This study showed that in addition to 'Ca. L. asiaticus', a phytoplasma related to 'Ca. P. asteri' could also be detected in citrus showing HLB symptoms in Guangdong. C1 [Chen, J.] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Liu, S.] S China Agr Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.; Deng, X.; Li, H.] S China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Citrus Huanglongbing Res Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Chen, J (reprint author), ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Jianchi.chen@fresno.ars.usda.gov; xldeng@scau.edu.cn FU Guangdong Provincial Foundation of Natural Sciences [2006025850]; Special Research Programs of Plant Quarantine of Guangdong [F08037]; California Citrus Research Board [5210-135] FX We thank D. Hoffmann, R. Alvarez, and G. Phillips for their technical assistance. We also thank J. Smilanick and M. Sisterson for their statistical assistance. Part of this research was supported by Guangdong Provincial Foundation of Natural Sciences (2006025850), Special Research Programs of Plant Quarantine of Guangdong (F08037), and California Citrus Research Board (project 5210-135). NR 39 TC 25 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-3-0236 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 405EE UT WOS:000263204700003 PM 19203275 ER PT J AU Zhong, S Leng, Y Friesen, TL Faris, JD Szabo, LJ AF Zhong, S. Leng, Y. Friesen, T. L. Faris, J. D. Szabo, L. J. TI Development and Characterization of Expressed Sequence Tag-Derived Microsatellite Markers for the Wheat Stem Rust Fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RACE TTKS; VIRULENCE; REPEATS; RESISTANCE; ISOZYME; BARLEY; GENES; POPULATIONS; PHENOTYPES; ISOENZYME AB Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is the causal agent of stem rust disease in wheat. The rust fungus has caused devastating disease epidemics throughout history and is still posing a potential threat to wheat production in some regions of the world due to the appearance of new races. To develop microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for use in population genetics studies, a total of 60,579 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences (reads) generated from P. graminis f. sp. tritici were screened for tandemly repeated di- and tri-nucleotide units using a bioinformatics approach and 708 unisequences containing putative SSR loci with six or more repeat units were identified. Flanking primers were designed for 384 unique SSR loci, which mapped to different locations of the draft genome sequence of the fungus. Of the 384 primer pairs tested, 72 EST-SSR markers were eventually developed, which showed polymorphism among 19 isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici and 4 isolates of P. graminis f. sp. secalis evaluated. Thirty-two of the SSR loci were also evaluated in three other rust fungi (P. triticina, P. hordei, and P. coronata f. sp. hordei) for cross-species transferability. These SSR markers derived from ESTs will be useful for characterization of population structures and for gene mapping in P. graminis. C1 [Zhong, S.; Leng, Y.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Friesen, T. L.; Faris, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Szabo, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zhong, S (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shaobin.zhong@ndsu.edu FU National Science Foundation FX We thank B. Yang for DNA extraction and assistance in PCR. We acknowledge Z. J. Tu for providing the Perl scripts for sequence analysis. We also thank J. Rasmussen at North Dakota State University, B. Steffenson at University of Minnesota, and Y. Jin at USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Lab for providing rust samples used for this research. The Broad Institute provided the genomic sequence of Puccinia graminis through the Microbial Genome Sequencing Program funded by the National Science Foundation. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-3-0282 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 405EE UT WOS:000263204700009 PM 19203281 ER PT J AU Uribelarrea, M Crafts-Brandner, SJ Below, FE AF Uribelarrea, Martin Crafts-Brandner, Steven J. Below, Fred E. TI Physiological N response of field-grown maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) with divergent yield potential and grain protein concentration SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Maize; Zea mays; Leaf photosynthesis; Nitrogen; Rubisco; PEP carboxylase; N utilization N allocation; Crop productivity ID SOURCE-SINK RATIO; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA; NITROGEN NUTRITION; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; HEAT-STRESS; C-4 PLANT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Fertilizer N availability impacts photosynthesis and crop performance, although cause-effect relationships are not well established, especially for field-grown plants. Our objective was to determine the relationship between N supply and photosynthetic capacity estimated by leaf area index (LAI) and single leaf photosynthesis using genetically diverse field-grown maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. We compared a high yield potential commercial hybrid (FR1064 x LH185) and an experimental hybrid (FR1064 x IHP) with low yield potential but exceptionally high grain protein concentration. Plant biomass and physiological traits were measured at tassel emergence (VT) and at the grain milk stage (R3) to assess the effects of N supply on photosynthetic source capacity and N uptake, and grain yield and grain N were measured at maturity. Grain yield of FR1064 x LH185 was much greater than FR1064 x IHP even though plant biomass and LAI were larger for FR1064 x IHP, and single leaf photosynthesis was similar for both hybrids. Although photosynthetic capacity was not related to hybrid differences in productivity, increasing N supply led to proportional increases in grain yield, plant biomass, LAI, photosynthesis, and Rubisco and PEP carboxylase activities for both hybrids. Thus, a positive relationship between photosynthetic capacity and yield was revealed by hybrid response to N supply, and the relationship was similar for hybrids with a marked difference in yield potential. For both hybrids the N response of single leaf CER and initial Rubisco activity was negative when expressed per unit of leaf N. In contrast, PEP carboxylase activity per unit leaf N increased in response to N availability, indicating that PEP carboxylase served as a reservoir for excess N accumulation in field-grown maize leaves. The correlation between CER and initial Rubisco activity was highly significant when expressed on a leaf area or a total leaf basis. The results suggest that regardless of genotypic yield potential, maize CER, and potentially grain yield, could be improved by increasing the partitioning of N into Rubisco. C1 [Uribelarrea, Martin; Below, Fred E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Crafts-Brandner, Steven J.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Crafts-Brandner, Steven J.] BASF Plant Sci, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Below, FE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fbelow@illinois.edu FU Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign FX This study is part of project 15-0390 of Agric. Exp. Stn., College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The authors express their gratitude to Ignacio Dellepiane andMark Harrison for technical assistance, and to Dr. Steven Moose for supplying the seed of FR1064 x IHP and to Dr. Archie Portis for providing the setup to determine the activity of Rubisco. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2009 VL 316 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9767-1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 404TG UT WOS:000263175300014 ER PT J AU Hily, JM Liu, ZR AF Hily, Jean-Michel Liu, Zongrang TI A simple and sensitive high-throughput GFP screening in woody and herbaceous plants SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE GFP; Fluorescence image analyzer; High-throughput screening; Arabidopsis; Apple ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; LONG-DISTANCE TRAFFICKING; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; VITAL MARKER; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; GENE; VIRUS; CELLS AB Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been used widely as a powerful bioluminescent reporter, but its visualization by existing methods in tissues or whole plants and its utilization for high-throughput screening remains challenging in many species. Here, we report a fluorescence image analyzer-based method for GFP detection and its utility for high-throughput screening of transformed plants. Of three detection methods tested, the Typhoon fluorescence scanner was able to detect GFP fluorescence in all Arabidopsis thaliana tissues and apple leaves, while regular fluorescence microscopy detected it only in Arabidopsis flowers and siliques but barely in the leaves of either Arabidopsis or apple. The hand-held UV illumination method failed in all tissues of both species. Additionally, the Typhoon imager was able to detect GFP fluorescence in both green and non-green tissues of Arabidopsis seedlings as well as in imbibed seeds, qualifying it as a high-throughput screening tool, which was further demonstrated by screening the seedlings of primary transformed T(0) seeds. Of the 30,000 germinating Arabidopsis seedlings screened, at least 69 GFP-positive lines were identified, accounting for an approximately 0.23% transformation efficiency. About 14,000 seedlings grown in 16 Petri plates could be screened within an hour, making the screening process significantly more efficient and robust than any other existing high-throughput screening method for transgenic plants. C1 [Hily, Jean-Michel; Liu, Zongrang] USDA ARS Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), USDA ARS Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Headquarter 2005 [2006-03701] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Jay Norelli for providing the transgenic apple lines, Drs. Christopher Dardick, Stacy Singer, Ann Callahan, and Ralph Scorza for critical reading of the manuscript, and Mr. Dennis Bennett for his excellent technical assistance. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product or vendor does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. This study was funded by the USDA-ARS Headquarter 2005 class of postdoctoral and USDA CSREES BRAG (2006-03701) grants. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1007/s00299-008-0657-z PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 413HI UT WOS:000263783200014 PM 19093120 ER PT J AU Pham, TA Miles, MR Frederick, RD Hill, CB Hartman, GL AF Pham, T. A. Miles, M. R. Frederick, R. D. Hill, C. B. Hartman, G. L. TI Differential Responses of Resistant Soybean Entries to Isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; STEM RUST; SPECIALIZATION; VIRULENCE; PARAGUAY; CULTURES AB Soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, was detected in the continental United States in 2004. Several new sources of resistance to P. pachyrhizi have been identified in soybean (Glycine max); however, there is limited information about their resistance when challenged with additional U. S. and international isolates. Resistance of 20 soybean (G. max) entries was compared after inoculation with 10 P. pachyrhizi isolates, representing different geographic and temporal origins. Soybean entries included 2 universal susceptible cultivars, 4 sources of soybean rust resistance genes (Rpp(1-4)), and 4 and 10 resistant entries selected from field trials in Paraguay and Vietnam, respectively. Of the known Rpp(1-4) sources of resistance, plant introduction (PI) 459025B (Rpp(4)) produced reddish-brown (RB) lesions in response to all of the P. pachyrhizi isolates, while PI 230970 (Rpp(2)) produced RB lesions to all isolates except one from Taiwan, in response to which it produced a susceptible tan (TAN) lesion. PI 200492 (Rpp(1)) and PI 462312 (Rpp(3)) produced TAN lesions in response to most P. pachyrhizi isolates. The resistant entries selected from Paraguay and Vietnam varied considerably in their responses to the 10 P. pachyrhizi isolates, with M 103 the most susceptible and GC 84058-18-4 the most resistant. The reaction patterns on these resistant entries to the P. pachyrhizi isolates were different compared with the four soybean accessions with the Rpp genes, indicating that they contain novel sources of rust resistance. Among the P. pachyrhizi isolates, TW 72-1 from Taiwan and IN 73-1 from India produced the most susceptible and resistant reactions, respectively, on the soybean entries. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pham, T. A.; Hill, C. B.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, NSRC, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Frederick, R. D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU Foreign Agricultural Service, Illinois Soybean Association, North Central Soybean Research Program; United Soybean Board FX We thank B. Nguyen (the Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam) and R. Nelson and his staff (USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection Center Urbana, IL) for providing soybean seed used in this study, and J. Bowers (USDA-ARS FDWSRU, Ft. Detrick, MD) for technical help. This research was supported in part by the Foreign Agricultural Service, Illinois Soybean Association, North Central Soybean Research Program, and the United Soybean Board. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0224 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700003 ER PT J AU Pethybridge, SJ Gent, DH Esker, PD Turechek, WW Hay, FS Nutter, FW AF Pethybridge, Sarah J. Gent, David H. Esker, Paul D. Turechek, William W. Hay, Frank S. Nutter, Forrest W., Jr. TI Site-Specific Risk Factors for Ray Blight in Tasmanian Pyrethrum Fields SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC CURVE ANALYSIS; FUNGICIDE-BASED MANAGEMENT; PHOMA-LIGULICOLA; MYCOSPHAERELLA-LIGULICOLA; DISEASE; RESISTANCE; CINERARIAEFOLIUM; CHRYSANTHEMUM; ASSESSMENTS; PREDICTION AB Ray blight of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), caused by Phoma ligulicola var. inoxydablis, can cause defoliation and reductions of crop growth and pyrethrin yield. Logistic regression was used to model relationships among edaphic factors and interpolated weather variables associated with severe disease outbreaks (i.e., defoliation severity >= 40%). A model for September defoliation severity included a variable for the product of number of days with rain of at least 0.1 mm and a moving average of maximum temperatures in the last 14 days, which correctly classified (accuracy) the disease severity class for 64.8% of data sets. The percentage of data sets where disease severity was correctly classified as at least 40% defoliation severity (sensitivity) or below 40% defoliation severity (specificity) were 55.8 and 71%, respectively. A model for October defoliation severity included the number of days with at least 1 mm of rain in the past 14 days, stem height in September, and the product of the number of days with at least 10 mm of rain in the last 30 days and September defoliation severity. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 72.6, 73.6, and 71.4%, respectively. Youden's index identified predictive thresholds of 0.25 and 0.57 for the September and October models, respectively. When economic considerations of the costs of false positive and false negative decisions and disease prevalence were integrated into receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the October model, the optimal predictive threshold to minimize average management costs was 0 for values of disease prevalence greater than 0.2 due to the high cost of false negative predictions. ROC curve analysis indicated that management of the disease should be routine when disease prevalence is greater than 0.2. The models developed in this research are the first steps toward identifying and weighting site and weather disease risk variables to develop a decision-support aid for the management of ray blight of pyrethrum. C1 [Pethybridge, Sarah J.] Bot Resources Australia Agr Serv Pty Ltd, Ulverstone, Tas 7315, Australia. [Gent, David H.] USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Esker, Paul D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turechek, William W.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Plant Pathol Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Hay, Frank S.] Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. [Nutter, Forrest W., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nutter, Forrest W., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pethybridge, SJ (reprint author), Bot Resources Australia Agr Serv Pty Ltd, Ulverstone, Tas 7315, Australia. EM Sarah.Pethybridge@gmail.com FU Botanical Resources Australia Pty. Ltd.; Australian Research Council Linkage program [LP0560562]; USDA-ARS CRIS [6618-22000-034-00, 5358-21000-035-00] FX We gratefully acknowledge the pyrethrum growers who allowed access to their crops for field trials and technical assistance of Craig Palmer. This project was funded by Botanical Resources Australia Pty. Ltd., the Australian Research Council Linkage program (LP0560562), and USDA-ARS CRIS 6618-22000-034-00 and 5358-21000-035-00. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0229 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700004 ER PT J AU Mueller, TA Miles, MR Morel, W Marois, JJ Wright, DL Kemerait, RC Levy, C Hartman, GL AF Mueller, T. A. Miles, M. R. Morel, W. Marois, J. J. Wright, D. L. Kemerait, R. C. Levy, C. Hartman, G. L. TI Effect of Fungicide and Timing of Application on Soybean Rust Severity and Yield SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a devastating foliar disease of soybean that may cause significant yield losses if not managed by well-timed fungicide applications. To determine the effect of fungicide timing on soybean rust severity and soybean yield, field trials were completed in Paraguay (four locations), the United States (two locations), and Zimbabwe (one location) from 2005 to 2006. Treatments at each location included applications of tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, or a combination of azoxystrobin + propiconazole, and in some locations pyraclostrobin + tebuconazole at the following soybean growth stages (GS): (i) GS R1 (beginning flowering), (ii) GS R3 (beginning pod), (iii) GS R5 (beginning seed), (iv) GS R1 + R3, (v) GS R3 + R5, and (vi) GS R1 + R3 + R5. Soybean yields from plots treated with fungicides were 16 to 114% greater than yields from no fungicide control plots in four locations in Paraguay, 12 to 55% greater in two locations in the United States, and 31% greater in Zimbabwe. In all locations, rust severity measured over time as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was negatively correlated (r = -0.3, P < 0.0001) to yield. The effectiveness of any given treatment (timing of application and product applied) was often dependent on when rust was first detected and the intensity of its development. For example, when soybean rust was first observed before GS R3 (two locations in Paraguay), the plants in plots treated with a fungicide at GS R1 had the lowest AUPDC values and highest yields. When soybean rust was first observed after GS R3, plants treated with a fungicide at GS R3 and/or GS R5 had the lowest AUDPC values and highest yields with a few exceptions. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Morel, W.] CRIA, Minist Agr & Ganaderia, Capitan Miranda, Itapua, Paraguay. [Wright, D. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL USA. [Kemerait, R. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Levy, C.] Commercial Farmers Union Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Marois, J. J.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Quincy, FL USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU Illinois Soybean Association; North Central Soybean Research Program; United Soybean Board FX This research was supported by the Illinois Soybean Association, North Central Soybean Research Program, and the United Soybean Board. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0243 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700006 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Browning, M AF Tooley, Paul W. Browning, Marsha TI Susceptibility to Phytophthora ramorum and Inoculum Production Potential of Some Common Eastern Forest Understory Plant Species SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; IN-VITRO; CALIFORNIA; INOCULATION; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; LEAVES AB Twenty-five plant species (21 genera, 14 families), which comprise a portion of the understory in forests of the Eastern United States, were evaluated for susceptibility to infection by Phytophthora ramorum. The degree to which P. ramorum is able to form sporangia and chlamydospores was also assessed on these hosts. Seedlings were spray-inoculated with a mixture (4,000 sporangia/ml) of four P. ramorum isolates followed by incubation in a dew chamber at 20 degrees C in darkness for 5 days. Percent infection on individual leaves/leaflets was assessed visually. Mean percent leaf area infected ranged from 0.7% for Smilax rotundifolia to 93.8% for Kalmia latifolia. Eight plant species tested developed significantly larger lesion areas than those found on susceptible control Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White'. Fourteen species in addition to the susceptible control exhibited infection of over 90% of their leaves. Sporangia production by P. ramorum varied considerably among plant species, ranging from 36 per cm(2) lesion area on Myrica pennsylvannica to 2,001 per cm(2) lesion area on Robinia pseudoacacia. Numbers of chlamydospores produced per 6-mm-diameter leaf disk incubated in a P. ramorum sporangia suspension ranged from 25 on Ilex verticillata to 493 on Rhus typhina. The results indicate that many common understory species in Eastern U.S. forests are susceptible to P. ramorum and capable of providing ample sources of inoculum (sporangia and chlamydospores) for forest epidemics should the pathogen be introduced and should temperature and moisture conditions exist that are conducive to disease development. C1 [Tooley, Paul W.; Browning, Marsha] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0249 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700007 ER PT J AU Peetz, AB Mahaffee, WF Gent, DH AF Peetz, Amy B. Mahaffee, Walter F. Gent, David H. TI Effect of Temperature on Sporulation and Infectivity of Podosphaera macularis on Humulus lupulus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GRAPE POWDERY MILDEW; F SP TRITICI; UNCINULA-NECATOR; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; LATENT PERIODS; CONIDIA; GERMINATION; INCUBATION; POLYGONI AB Hop powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera macularis, can result in complete crop loss and requires numerous fungicide applications for effective management. To assess the impact of temperature on the production of infective conidia, 10-day-old sporulating colonies were exposed to 18, 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42 degrees C for 6 h, and then incubated at 18 degrees C for 18 h. Conidia were harvested, inoculated onto hop plants, incubated at 18 degrees C for 10 days, and then lesions/cm(2) of leaf area was determined. Disease was significantly reduced at temperatures >= 30 degrees C with a nonlinear response in the production of infective conidia (P < 0.0001). Temperature effects on sporulation of P. macularis were examined using a custom impaction conidia sampler in growth chambers programmed at constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C, or 18 degrees C before and after ramping to 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 degrees C for 6 h. The effect of constant temperature on sporulation was best described by a nonlinear thermodynamic model (P = 0.0001) with maximal production near 25 degrees C. Exposure to fluctuating temperatures produced a curvilinear response in sporulation (P = 0.0122) with maximum production near 25 degrees C. These data indicate that inoculum availability is reduced when ambient temperature exceeds 30 degrees C and that modeling inoculum availability could help further refine current disease forecasting models. C1 [Mahaffee, Walter F.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peetz, Amy B.; Mahaffee, Walter F.; Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, David H.] USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mahaffee, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM walt.mahaffee@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [303-5358-22000-030-00D, 5358-21000-035-00]; Hop Research Council FX We thank Andrew Albrect, Madeline Dildine, Clare Elliot, and Tara Neill for technical assistance and Nik Grunwald for assistance with SAS programming. Financial support was provided by USDA-ARS CRIS 303-5358-22000-030-00D and 5358-21000-035-00 and grants from the Hop Research Council. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0281 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700011 ER PT J AU Worrall, JJ AF Worrall, James J. TI Dieback and Mortality of Alnus in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID OREGON; INOCULATION; INFECTION; MINNESOTA; NURSERIES; ALDER; TREES; VALSA AB Dieback and mortality of Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia in the Southern Rocky Mountains apparently began by the late 1980s and have become a concern to land managers. A survey of alder including 68 transects from southern Wyoming to northern New Mexico indicated that, of 6,503 standing stems, 37% were dead, 29% had dieback, and 34% were healthy. Transects intercepted 1,479 m of live and 1,177 m of dead alder canopy. A second, more localized survey with 32 transects in the upper Gunnison River watershed of Colorado yielded similar results. Abundance of live sprouts was inversely related to amount of dieback and mortality in a genet, suggesting that affected genets are dying and not replacing themselves. Damage did not vary substantially by geographic area and was not related to elevation, animal browsing, or distance to nearest road. Distance to nearest stream was weakly, inversely related to severity of dieback and mortality. Symptoms were not consistent with disease of alder caused by Phytophthora alni in Europe, and isolations for Phytophthora species were negative. Cytospora canker, caused by Valsa melanodiscus (anamorph Cytospora umbrina), is the proximate cause of the dieback and mortality. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. RP Worrall, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 216 N Colorado St, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. EM jworrall@fs.fed.us RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 FU USDA Forest Service; Forest Health Monitoring; Evaluation Monitoring Program FX This work was supported by funds from USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring, Evaluation Monitoring Program. Barry Johnston provided guidance in development of the transect sampling methods. Tom Eager and Roy Mask provided advice and assistance regarding associated insect activity. Everett Hansen provided advice and selective medium for isolating Phytophthora species. Doreen Sumerlin provided information, photographs, and assistance related to the history of alder on Eight- Mile Creek, Sulphur Ranger District, Arapaho National Forest. Gay Austin provided information, photos, and assistance regarding riparian transects on the Gunnison Ranger District, Gunnison National Forest. Gerard Adams identified Valsa species and provided preliminary results from his Phytophthora survey of Alaska and Colorado. Leanne Egeland prepared GIS maps of survey areas and results and provided logistical support. Benjamin Madsen, Krista Chiaravalle, Tanya Knox, Jennifer Lorango, Sarah Tharp, and Anthony Clawson conducted much of the field and laboratory work. Helpful reviews were provided by Greg Filip, Bill Jacobi, and Lori Trummer. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0293 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700013 ER PT J AU Turechek, WW Peres, NA AF Turechek, William W. Peres, Natalia A. TI Heat Treatment Effects on Strawberry Plant Survival and Angular Leaf Spot, Caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, in Nursery Production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HOT-WATER-TREATMENT; SEED; THRESHOLDS; PATHOGENS; PRIMERS; BLIGHT AB Angular leaf spot is an important disease in strawberry nursery production. The European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) lists Xanthomonas fragariae as an A2 quarantine pathogen. Therefore, nurseries wishing to export plants to European countries must maintain phytosanitary standards to exclude X. fragariae. To help nurseries achieve these standards, heat treatment for killing or reducing the number of viable bacterial cells in strawberry crown tissue was investigated. First, the sensitivity of bacteria to heat was determined by dispensing 1-ml aliquots of standardized cell suspensions in microcentrifuge tubes for each of four isolates of X. fragariae, including the type culture, and submerging the tubes in water at 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, and 56 degrees C for 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 min. Bacteria were transferred to growth medium to determine the proportion surviving heat treatment. Two trials were conducted in a greenhouse to determine the sensitivity of bare-root plants to heat treatment. In the first trial, plants of cvs. Camarosa and Diamante from two different nurseries were heat treated as follows: (i) plants placed in metallic mesh cages and immersed directly into water (industry standard, direct dip); (ii) plants sealed in a plastic bag and the bag immersed in water (bagged dry); or (iii) plants wetted in warm water, sealed in a plastic bag, and then immersed in water (bagged wet). Plants were treated at 44 or 48 degrees C for 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. In the second trial, plants of cvs. Camarosa, Camino Real, Diamante, Oso Grande, Strawberry Festival, and Ventana from a single nursery were subjected to the same treatments. In both trials, plants were potted after treatment and rated for growth characteristics. Results showed that populations of bacteria exposed to 56 and 52 degrees C were killed completely after 15 and 60 min of exposure, respectively; both treatments killed plants. Bacterial populations exposed to 44 degrees C for 4 h or 48 degrees C for 2 h were reduced by 10(5) or 10(6) CFU/ml. The same treatments minimally affected vegetative growth of plants bagged dry or wet, but flowering was adversely affected. These heat treatments were selected for testing of nursery stock of several cultivars in field trials established at two locations in successive years. The survival rate among cultivars was similar to that observed in greenhouse trials, and angular leaf spot developed appreciably only in non-heat-treated control plots. Heat treatment of strawberry nursery stock is feasible and can be used to supplement standard production practices for producing pathogen-free nursery stock. C1 [Turechek, William W.] USDA ARS, United States Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Peres, Natalia A.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. RP Turechek, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, United States Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM William.Turechek@ars.usda.gov RI Peres, Natalia/A-3279-2013 FU North American Strawberry Growers Association; USDA-ARS CRIS [1275-21220181-00D, 1275-21000-159-00D, 6618-22000026-00D] FX We thank J. Crane, P. Edmonds, K. Herder, G. Hess, E. Pfeufer, L. Rios, T. Seijo, and C. Yeh for technical assistance and thoughtful inputs; and E. Ponce and Lassen Canyon Nursery ( Redding, CA), and R. Whitaker and Bonita Nursery ( Stockton, CA) for their donation of plants and discussions about the practicality of heat treatment in California. Financial support was provided in part by the North American Strawberry Growers Association, and by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 1275-21220181-00D, 1275-21000-159-00D, and 6618-22000026-00D. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0299 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700014 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Polston, JE Turechek, WW AF Adkins, S. Polston, J. E. Turechek, W. W. TI Cucurbit leaf crumple virus Identified in Common Bean in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DEGENERATE PRIMERS AB Virus-like symptoms of leaf deformation and rugosity, especially of younger leaves, and a mild mosaic were observed on fresh market common (green) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants in Hendry County in southwest Florida in December of 2007 and again in February of 2008. All bean fields were adjacent to watermelon fields in which Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV), and Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W) infections had previously been confirmed (fall of 2007) by PCR, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and/or ELISA. Whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci, were observed on both bean and watermelon plants in December and February. Fifteen samples (eleven with symptoms) were collected in December and two (both with symptoms) in February. Initial ELISA assays using commercially available antisera for potyviruses or Cucumber mosaic virus (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) were negative. Total nucleic acids were extracted and used for PCR testing. All samples tested negative by RT-PCR using specific primers for SqVYV, PRSV-W, and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus, and degenerate primers for potyviruses. Ten of fifteen December samples (ten of eleven symptomatic samples) and both February samples yielded PCR products of the expected size with the degenerate begomovirus primers, PAR1c496/PAL1v1978, which amplify a portion of the begomovirus A component (3). PCR products from three December and both February samples were cloned and sequenced. The 1,159-nt PCR products shared 99% identity with each other and 96% identity with the corresponding region of A component sequences of Arizona and California CuLCrV isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. AF256200 and AF224760, respectively). Additional degenerate begomovirus primers PBL1v2040/PCRc154, which amplify a 381-nt portion of the hypervariable region of the begomovirus B component (3), and AC1048/AV494, which amplify a 533-nt portion of a conserved region of the coat protein gene (4), were used to confirm the identity of CuLCrV in the three December samples. The PBL1v2040/PCRc154 PCR products shared 98 to 99% identity with each other and 94 to 95% identity with the corresponding region of B component sequences of Arizona and California CuLCrV isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. AF327559 and AF224761, respectively), whereas the AC1048/AV494 PCR products shared 99% identity with each other and 97% identity with the corresponding region of A component sequences of Arizona and California CuLCrV isolates. Nucleic acid dot-blot hybridization assays of sap from homogenized leaves of the three December samples (from which the PCR product clones were obtained) with a digoxigenin-labeled CuLCrV cDNA probe also confirmed the presence of CuLCrV. Although CuLCrV has been reported to experimentally infect common bean and tobacco (2), to our knowledge, this is the first report of CuLCrV infecting any noncucurbit host in Florida. This finding suggests that CuLCrV may be more widely distributed than previously known in Florida (1) and that common bean (and potentially other legumes) are potential reservoirs for CuLCrV. References: (1) F. Akad et al. Plant Dis. 92:648, 2008. (2) J. K. Brown et al. Phytopathology 92:734, 2002. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (4) S. D. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996. C1 [Adkins, S.; Turechek, W. W.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Polston, J. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0320B PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700029 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL Coyne, CJ AF Robertson, N. L. Coyne, C. J. TI First Report of Bean yellow mosaic virus from Diseased Lupinus luteus in Eastern Washington SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item AB Lupine accessions from the Cool Season Food Legume Seed Collection are grown for seed regenerations in Pullman, WA by the Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. Selected seed was germinated in the greenhouse and assayed by indirect ELISA using antiserum for potyvirus group detection (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). Healthy transplants were grown for seed collection on outside plots. In July of 2005, more than 90% of 307 Lupinus luteus L. transplants developed severe yellowing, necrosis, and stunting with an estimated 5% plant death. Plants were heavily infested with aphids and leaf sap was serologically positive for potyvirus. Partially purified virus preparations from infected plants contained filamentous particles and a 35-kDa protein that reacted with universal potyvirus antiserum on western blots. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using potyvirus universal primers (2) and cDNA derived from virion RNA generated a similar to 1.7-kbp product that was cloned and sequenced. The sequenced portion of the genomic RNA contained 1,610 nucleotides (nt) on its 3'-terminus (GenBank Accession No. EU144223) that included a partial nuclear inclusion protein, NIb, (1 to 637 nt) with the conserved amino acid (aa) replicase motif GDD (131 to 139 nt), the coat protein (CP) gene of 821 nt (638 to 1,459 nt), and a 171-nt untranslated region (1,460 to 1,630 nt) attached to a poly(A)tail. The CP sequence contained a NAG motif instead of the DAG motif commonly associated with aphid transmission. Searches in the NCBI GenBank database revealed that the CP aa and nt sequences contained conserved domains with isolates of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). A pairwise alignment (ClustalX) (4) of the CP aa from 20 BYMV isolates with the BYMV-Pullman isolate revealed identities from 96% (BYMV-S, U47033) to 88% (BYMV-MI [X81124)] -MI-NAT [AF434661]). This meets the species demarcation criteria of more than similar to 80% identity for inclusion with BYMV (1). Virion mechanical inoculations resulted in local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste et Reyn and C. quinoa Willd., necrotic blotches on Phaseolus vulgaris L., and yellow spots and systemic movement in L. succulentus Douglas ex. K. Koch, L. texensis 'Bluebonnet', and L. texensis 'Maroon'; BYMV was confirmed by western blots and ELISA. The experimental inoculations represent the first documented report of BYMV in the annual L. succulentus and biennial L. texensis species. Since BYMV is seedborne and transmitted by many aphid species (3), it is possible that several lupine transplants escaped potyvirus detection, and secondary transmission of BYMV to plants occurred by aphids. During the 1950s, BYMV was confirmed in several annual lupines grown as crops in the southeastern United States (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of BYMV occurring naturally in a lupine species in Washington. BYMV is a destructive virus to lupine species worldwide and has a wide host range in Fabaceae. This research directly contributes toward the maintenance of virus-free lupine seed for distribution to scientists focusing on lupine research. References: (1) P. H. Berger et al. Family Potyviridae. Page 819 in: Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the ICTV. C. M. Fauquet et al. eds., 2005. (2) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (3) R. A. C. Jones and G. D. Mclean, Ann. Appl. Biol. 114:609, 1989. (4) J. D. Thompson et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:4878, 1997. C1 [Robertson, N. L.] USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Palmer, AK USA. [Coyne, C. J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Palmer, AK USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-3-0319A PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426XC UT WOS:000264740700027 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, A Kauffman, JB AF Ainsworth, Alison Kauffman, J. Boone TI Response of native Hawaiian woody species to lava-ignited wildfires in tropical forests and shrublands SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Dodonaea viscosa; Fire adaptations; Hawaii; Metrosideros polymorpha; Sprouting ID SEASONAL SUBMONTANE ZONE; EXOTIC GRASSES; C-4 GRASSES; RAIN-FOREST; FIRE; DYNAMICS; WOODLANDS; ECOSYSTEM; INVASION; FLOWS AB Wildfires are rare in the disturbance history of Hawaiian forests but may increase in prevalence due to invasive species and global climate change. We documented survival rates and adaptations facilitating persistence of native woody species following 2002-2003 wildfires in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. Fires occurred during an El NiA +/- o drought and were ignited by lava flows. They burned across an environmental gradient occupied by two drier shrub-dominated communities and three mesic/wet Metrosideros forest communities. All the 19 native tree, shrub, and tree fern species demonstrated some capacity of postfire persistence. While greater than 95% of the dominant Metrosideros trees were top-killed, more than half survived fires via basal sprouting. Metrosideros trees with diameters > 20 cm sprouted in lower percentages than smaller trees. At least 17 of 29 native woody species colonized the postfire environment via seedling establishment. Although the native biota possess adaptations facilitating persistence following wildfire, the presence of highly competitive invasive plants and ungulates will likely alter postfire succession. C1 [Ainsworth, Alison] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kauffman, J. Boone] USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, US Forest Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ainsworth, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM aliainsworth@hotmail.com FU Joint Fire Science Program FX This study was supported by a grant from the Joint Fire Science Program. Tim Tunison, Rhonda Loh, and Flint Hughes provided guidance and advice throughout the study. We thank the personnel of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park for access and logistical support. This research would not have been possible without the dedication of a number of terrific field assistants including Mychal Tetteh, Lyndsay Frady, Cristel Weitl, Liz Band, Jon Boehner, Wataru, Sally Madden, and Tina Hartell. In addition, two anonymous referees and Creighton Litton gave valuable inputs to this article. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 201 IS 1 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s11258-008-9538-3 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 404TL UT WOS:000263175800015 ER PT J AU Ding, XD Richter, T Chen, M Fujii, H Seo, YS Xie, MT Zheng, XW Kanrar, S Stevenson, RA Dardick, C Li, Y Jiang, H Zhang, Y Yu, FH Bartley, LE Chern, M Bart, R Chen, XH Zhu, LH Farmerie, WG Gribskov, M Zhu, JK Fromm, ME Ronald, PC Song, WY AF Ding, Xiaodong Richter, Todd Chen, Mei Fujii, Hiroaki Seo, Young Su Xie, Mingtang Zheng, Xianwu Kanrar, Siddhartha Stevenson, Rebecca A. Dardick, Christopher Li, Ying Jiang, Hao Zhang, Yan Yu, Fahong Bartley, Laura E. Chern, Mawsheng Bart, Rebecca Chen, Xiuhua Zhu, Lihuang Farmerie, William G. Gribskov, Michael Zhu, Jian-Kang Fromm, Michael E. Ronald, Pamela C. Song, Wen-Yuan TI A Rice Kinase-Protein Interaction Map SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; ROLLING CIRCLE AMPLIFICATION; DISEASE RESISTANCE PROTEIN; HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE; UBIQUITIN-LIGASE; CELL-CYCLE; LARGE-SCALE AB Plants uniquely contain large numbers of protein kinases, and for the vast majority of the 1,429 kinases predicted in the rice (Oryza sativa) genome, little is known of their functions. Genetic approaches often fail to produce observable phenotypes; thus, new strategies are needed to delineate kinase function. We previously developed a cost-effective high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system. Using this system, we have generated a protein interaction map of 116 representative rice kinases and 254 of their interacting proteins. Overall, the resulting interaction map supports a large number of known or predicted kinase-protein interactions from both plants and animals and reveals many new functional insights. Notably, we found a potential widespread role for E3 ubiquitin ligases in pathogen defense signaling mediated by receptor-like kinases, particularly by the kinases that may have evolved from recently expanded kinase subfamilies in rice. We anticipate that the data provided here will serve as a foundation for targeted functional studies in rice and other plants. The application of yeast two-hybrid and TAPtag analyses for large-scale plant protein interaction studies is also discussed. C1 [Ding, Xiaodong; Zhang, Yan; Chen, Xiuhua; Song, Wen-Yuan] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Yu, Fahong; Farmerie, William G.] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Richter, Todd; Seo, Young Su; Bartley, Laura E.; Chern, Mawsheng; Bart, Rebecca; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, Mei; Fromm, Michael E.] Univ Nebraska, Plant Sci Initiat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Fujii, Hiroaki; Xie, Mingtang; Zheng, Xianwu; Kanrar, Siddhartha; Stevenson, Rebecca A.; Zhu, Jian-Kang] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Dardick, Christopher] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Li, Ying; Jiang, Hao; Gribskov, Michael] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhu, Lihuang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Song, WY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wsong@ifas.ufl.edu RI Zhu, Jian-Kang/F-7658-2011; Bart, Rebecca/M-2838-2013; OI Zhu, Jian-Kang/0000-0001-5134-731X; Gribskov, Michael/0000-0002-1718-0242; Fujii, Hiroaki/0000-0002-0013-5891; Bartley, Laura/0000-0001-8610-7551; Bart, Rebecca/0000-0003-1378-3481 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0217312] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Plant Genome grant no. DBI-0217312). NR 112 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 149 IS 3 BP 1478 EP 1492 DI 10.1104/pp.108.128298 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 414DI UT WOS:000263843700022 PM 19109415 ER PT J AU Dombrowski, JE Martin, RC AF Dombrowski, James E. Martin, Ruth C. TI Evaluation of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR in Lolium temulentum under abiotic stress SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grass; Lolium temulentum; Quantitative PCR; Abiotic stress ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; PROLINE BIOSYNTHESIS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FESTUCA-PRATENSIS; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; GIBBERELLINS; CULTIVARS; MARKERS AB Lolium temulentum L (Darnel ryegrass) is a valuable model grass species for the study of stress in forage and turf grasses. Gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time RT-PCR relies on the use of proper internal standards. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate reference genes for use in real-time quantitative RT-PCR for abiotic stress studies in L temulentum. Partial sequences of nine L temulentum housekeeping genes were obtained by RT-PCR using degenerate primers designed from the corresponding genes in closely related species. Primers for quantitative RT-PCR were designed based on these partial sequences. The housekeeping genes were evaluated for their expression stability in samples from plants subjected to different forms of abiotic stress. The analysis found that eEF-1 alpha and UBQ5 were the most stable and ACT11 was the least stable of the genes tested. Analysis by geNorm indicated that the two most stably expressed housekeeping genes (eEF-1 alpha and UBQ5) should be utilized and are sufficient for normalization of gene expression during stress-related studies in L temulentum. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Dombrowski, James E.; Martin, Ruth C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dombrowski, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jim.Dombrowski@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 176 IS 3 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.12.005 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 410OE UT WOS:000263586300010 ER PT J AU Techen, N Pan, ZQ Scheffier, BE Khan, IA AF Techen, Natascha Pan, Zhiqiang Scheffier, Brian E. Khan, Ikhlas A. TI Detection of Illicium anisatum as Adulterant of Illicium verum SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Illicium verum; Illicium anisatum; Illiciaceae; molecular markers; adulterations ID STAR ANISE; IDENTIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; TEA; DNA AB Chinese Star anise, Illicium verum Hook, is a well known spice in many cultures and has also been used to treat infant colic. Recent publications report that Chinese Star anise might be adulterated with the toxic Japanese Star anise, Illicium anisatum L. We have developed a molecular method that helps with the detection of I. anisatum as adulterant of L verum. We PCR-amplified the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and analyzed it with the endonucleases PstI and BfmI. Based on fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), we were able to detect and distinguish between I. anisatum and other Illicium species in powdered samples. C1 [Techen, Natascha] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Techen, Natascha; Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Pan, Zhiqiang] USDA ARS NPURU, University, MS USA. [Scheffier, Brian E.] USDA ARS MSA, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Techen, N (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ntechen@olemiss.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU Food and Drug Administration [FD-U-002 071-01] FX This work was funded in part by the Food and Drug Administration, grant number FD-U-002 071-01. The authors would like to thank Richard M.K. Saunders (University of Hong Kong, China) for providing plant samples. The authors would also thank Marilyn Ruscoe for her technical support. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 392 EP 395 DI 10.1055/s-0028-1112219 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100023 PM 19145553 ER PT J AU Techen, N Tabanca, N Demirci, B Turner, JL Pounders, C Akaydin, G Demirci, F Pan, Z Khan, IA Wedge, DE Baser, KHC AF Techen, N. Tabanca, N. Demirci, B. Turner, J. L. Pounders, C. Akaydin, G. Demirci, F. Pan, Z. Khan, I. A. Wedge, D. E. Baser, K. H. C. TI A Rapid Microdistillation Method for the Texas and Turkish Salvia Species and Their Genetic Profiles SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmocognosy C1 [Techen, N.; Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tabanca, N.; Pan, Z.; Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, B.; Demirci, F.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Turner, J. L.] Dallas Arboretum & Bot Garden, Dallas, TX 75218 USA. [Pounders, C.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Akaydin, G.] Hacettepe Univ, Dept Biol Educ, TR-06532 Ankara, Turkey. [Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; Demirci, Fatih /A-8295-2008 OI Demirci, Fatih /0000-0003-1497-3017 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 415 EP 415 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100078 ER PT J AU Techen, N Tabanca, N Demirci, B Gurbuz, I Pan, Z Khan, IA Demirci, F Wedge, DE Baser, KHC AF Techen, N. Tabanca, N. Demirci, B. Gurbuz, I Pan, Z. Khan, I. A. Demirci, F. Wedge, D. E. Baser, K. H. C. TI Chemical Characterization and Genomic Profiling of Achillea biebersteinii from Various Localities in Central Turkey SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Techen, N.; Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tabanca, N.; Pan, Z.; Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, B.; Demirci, F.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Gurbuz, I] Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-06330 Ankara, Turkey. [Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; Demirci, Fatih /A-8295-2008 OI Demirci, Fatih /0000-0003-1497-3017 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 416 EP 416 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100079 ER PT J AU Demirci, B Tabanca, N Wedge, DE Khan, SI Khan, IA Aytac, Z Baser, KHC AF Demirci, B. Tabanca, N. Wedge, D. E. Khan, S., I Khan, I. A. Aytac, Z. Baser, K. H. C. TI Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Four Achillea Essential Oils from Turkey SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmocognosy C1 [Demirci, B.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Tabanca, N.; Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Khan, S., I; Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Aytac, Z.] Gazi Univ, Fac Sci & Letters, Dept Biol, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 420 EP 421 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100096 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Weerasooriya, AD Demirci, B Baser, KHC Khan, IA Pridgeon, J Becnel, JJ Sampson, BJ Werle, CT Wedge, DE AF Tabanca, N. Weerasooriya, A. D. Demirci, B. Baser, K. H. C. Khan, I. A. Pridgeon, J. Becnel, J. J. Sampson, B. J. Werle, C. T. Wedge, D. E. TI Insecticidal Activities and Composition of Essential Oils from the Medicinal Plant Garden at the National Center for Natural Products Research SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmocognosy C1 [Tabanca, N.; Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. [Weerasooriya, A. D.; Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, B.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Pridgeon, J.; Becnel, J. J.] ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Sampson, B. J.; Werle, C. T.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 421 EP 421 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100099 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Werle, CT Tabanca, N Wedge, DE Kirker, GT AF Sampson, B. J. Werle, C. T. Tabanca, N. Wedge, D. E. Kirker, G. T. TI Bioactivity of 54 Essential Oil Extracts Topically Applied to Adult Azalea Lacebugs Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) [Tingidae: Hemiptera]: A Rapid Bio-Pesticide Discovery Program SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmocognosy C1 [Sampson, B. J.; Werle, C. T.; Kirker, G. T.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Tabanca, N.; Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 422 EP 422 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100100 ER PT J AU Wedge, DE Gao, Z Tabanca, N Demirci, B Baser, KHC Pridgeon, J Becnell, JJ Sampson, BJ Werle, CT AF Wedge, D. E. Gao, Z. Tabanca, N. Demirci, B. Baser, K. H. C. Pridgeon, J. Becnell, J. J. Sampson, B. J. Werle, C. T. TI The Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Notopterygium incisum and Notopterygium forbesii Essential Oils from China SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Wedge, D. E.; Tabanca, N.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Gao, Z.] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Gao, Z.] Beijing Univ Chinese Med, Sch Chinese Mat Med, Dept Chinese Herbal Chem, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Demirci, B.; Baser, K. H. C.] Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Pridgeon, J.; Becnell, J. J.] ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Sampson, B. J.; Werle, C. T.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 422 EP 423 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100102 ER PT J AU Wedge, DE Gao, Z Tabanca, N Demirci, B Baser, KHC Pridgeon, J Becnel, JJ Sampson, BJ Werle, CT AF Wedge, D. E. Gao, Z. Tabanca, N. Demirci, B. Baser, K. H. C. Pridgeon, J. Becnel, J. J. Sampson, B. J. Werle, C. T. TI Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Two Angelica Essential Oils from China SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Wedge, D. E.; Tabanca, N.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Gao, Z.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [Gao, Z.] Beijing Univ Chinese Med, Sch Chinese Mat Med, Dept Chinese Herbal Chem, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Demirci, B.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, Fac Pharm, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Pridgeon, J.; Becnel, J. J.] ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Sampson, B. J.; Werle, C. T.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 422 EP 422 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100101 ER PT J AU Kutrzeba, LM Zjawiony, JK Koo, HJ McDowell, E Laurenzi, A Gang, DR Dayan, FE AF Kutrzeba, L. M. Zjawiony, J. K. Koo, H. J. McDowell, E. Laurenzi, A. Gang, D. R. Dayan, F. E. TI Biosynthesis of Salvinorin A: Overexpression and Biochemical Characterization of Carboxy Methyltransferase from EST of Salvia divinorum Glands SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmocognosy C1 [Kutrzeba, L. M.; Zjawiony, J. K.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Zjawiony, J. K.] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Koo, H. J.; McDowell, E.; Laurenzi, A.; Gang, D. R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Koo, H. J.; McDowell, E.; Laurenzi, A.; Gang, D. R.] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dayan, F. E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Gang, David/B-1001-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 431 EP 431 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100122 ER PT J AU Khan, A Taylor, S Ajioka, JW Rosenthal, BM Sibley, LD AF Khan, Asis Taylor, Sonya Ajioka, James W. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Sibley, L. David TI Selection at a Single Locus Leads to Widespread Expansion of Toxoplasma gondii Lineages That Are Virulent in Mice SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PARASITE GENOTYPE; STRAINS; SUBSTITUTIONS; CHROMOSOME; INFECTION; RHOPTRIES; PROTEINS; NUMBERS AB Pathogenicity differences among laboratory isolates of the dominant clonal North American and European lineages of Toxoplasma gondii are largely controlled by polymorphisms and expression differences in rhoptry secretory proteins (ROPs). However, the extent to which such differences control virulence in natural isolates of T. gondii, including those from more diverse genetic backgrounds, is uncertain. We elucidated the evolutionary history and functional consequences of diversification in the serine/threonine kinase ROP18, a major virulence determinant in the mouse model. We characterized the extent of sequence polymorphism and the evolutionary forces acting on ROP18 and several antigen-encoding genes within a large collection of natural isolates, comparing them to housekeeping genes and introns. Surprisingly, despite substantial genetic diversity between lineages, we identified just three principal alleles of ROP18, which had very ancient ancestry compared to other sampled loci. Expression and allelic differences between these three alleles of ROP18 accounted for much of the variation in acute mouse virulence among natural isolates. While the avirulent type III allele was the most ancient, intermediate virulent (type II) and highly virulent (type I) lineages predominated and showed evidence of strong selective pressure. Out-group comparison indicated that historical loss of an upstream regulatory element increased ROP18 expression, exposing it to newfound diversifying selection, resulting in greatly enhanced virulence in the mouse model and expansion of new lineages. Population sweeps are evident in many genomes, yet their causes and evolutionary histories are rarely known. Our results establish that up-regulation of expression and selection at ROP18 in T. gondii has resulted in three distinct alleles with widely different levels of acute virulence in the mouse model. Preservation of all three alleles in the wild indicates they are likely adaptations for different niches. Our findings demonstrate that sweeping changes in population structure can result from alterations in a single gene. C1 [Khan, Asis; Taylor, Sonya; Sibley, L. David] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Ajioka, James W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Khan, A (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM sibley@borcim.wsutl.edu RI Sibley, L. David/C-4616-2008; OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU NIH [AI036629, AI059176, 1265-140-11] FX Supported by grants from the NIH (AI036629, AI059176 to L. D. S) and ARS project 1265-140-11 (to BMR). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 AR e1000404 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000404 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 449GZ UT WOS:000266320100010 PM 19266027 ER PT J AU Escombe, AR Moore, DAJ Gilman, RH Navincopa, M Ticona, E Mitchell, B Noakes, C Martinez, C Sheen, P Ramirez, R Quino, W Gonzalez, A Friedland, JS Evans, CA AF Escombe, A. Roderick Moore, David A. J. Gilman, Robert H. Navincopa, Marcos Ticona, Eduardo Mitchell, Bailey Noakes, Catherine Martinez, Carlos Sheen, Patricia Ramirez, Rocio Quino, Willi Gonzalez, Armando Friedland, Jon S. Evans, Carlton A. TI Upper-Room Ultraviolet Light and Negative Air Ionization to Prevent Tuberculosis Transmission SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSTATIC SPACE-CHARGE; REDUCING AIRBORNE PATHOGENS; GERMICIDAL IRRADIATION; NOSOCOMIAL TUBERCULOSIS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; HATCHING CABINETS; INFECTED PATIENTS; DISINFECTION; RISK AB Background Institutional tuberculosis (TB) transmission is an important public health problem highlighted by the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the emergence of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant TB. Effective TB infection control measures are urgently needed. We evaluated the efficacy of upper-room ultraviolet (UV) lights and negative air ionization for preventing airborne TB transmission using a guinea pig air-sampling model to measure the TB infectiousness of ward air. Methods and Findings For 535 consecutive days, exhaust air from an HIV-TB ward in Lima, Peru, was passed through three guinea pig air-sampling enclosures each housing approximately 150 guinea pigs, using a 2-d cycle. On UV-off days, ward air passed in parallel through a control animal enclosure and a similar enclosure containing negative ionizers. On UV-on days, UV lights and mixing fans were turned on in the ward, and a third animal enclosure alone received ward air. TB infection in guinea pigs was defined by monthly tuberculin skin tests. All guinea pigs underwent autopsy to test for TB disease, defined by characteristic autopsy changes or by the culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from organs. 35% (106/304) of guinea pigs in the control group developed TB infection, and this was reduced to 14% (43/303) by ionizers, and to 9.5% (29/307) by UV lights (both p < 0.0001 compared with the control group). TB disease was confirmed in 8.6% (26/304) of control group animals, and this was reduced to 4.3% (13/303) by ionizers, and to 3.6% (11/307) by UV lights (both p < 0.03 compared with the control group). Time-to-event analysis demonstrated that TB infection was prevented by ionizers (log-rank 27; p < 0.0001) and by UV lights (log-rank 46; p < 0.0001). Time-to-event analysis also demonstrated that TB disease was prevented by ionizers (log-rank 3.7; p=0.055) and by UV lights (log-rank 5.4; p=0.02). An alternative analysis using an airborne infection model demonstrated that ionizers prevented 60% of TB infection and 51% of TB disease, and that UV lights prevented 70% of TB infection and 54% of TB disease. In all analysis strategies, UV lights tended to be more protective than ionizers. Conclusions Upper-room UV lights and negative air ionization each prevented most airborne TB transmission detectable by guinea pig air sampling. Provided there is adequate mixing of room air, upper-room UV light is an effective, low-cost intervention for use in TB infection control in high-risk clinical settings. C1 [Escombe, A. Roderick; Moore, David A. J.; Friedland, Jon S.; Evans, Carlton A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immun, London, England. [Escombe, A. Roderick; Moore, David A. J.; Friedland, Jon S.; Evans, Carlton A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Wellcome Ctr Clin Trop Med, London, England. [Escombe, A. Roderick; Moore, David A. J.; Gilman, Robert H.; Evans, Carlton A.] Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. [Moore, David A. J.; Gilman, Robert H.; Sheen, Patricia; Quino, Willi; Evans, Carlton A.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Moore, David A. J.; Gilman, Robert H.; Martinez, Carlos; Evans, Carlton A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Navincopa, Marcos; Ticona, Eduardo] Hosp Nacl Dos Mayo, Lima, Peru. [Navincopa, Marcos; Ramirez, Rocio; Gonzalez, Armando] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima 14, Peru. [Mitchell, Bailey] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Noakes, Catherine] Univ Leeds, Sch Civil Engn, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Escombe, AR (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis & Immun, London, England. EM rod.escombe@imperial.ac.uk OI Evans, Carlton/0000-0002-6873-5447 FU The Wellcome Trust; The Halley Stewart Trust; Proyecto Vigia (U.S. Agency for International Development [USAID]); Innovation For Health And Development (IFHAD); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) FX The authors would like to thank The Wellcome Trust, The Halley Stewart Trust, Proyecto Vigia (U.S. Agency for International Development [USAID]), Innovation For Health And Development (IFHAD), and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for funding this work. The funding agencies and the donors of the UV lamps had no involvement in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. All researchers were independent of the funding agencies. NR 52 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR e1000043 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000043 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 447TM UT WOS:000266214700007 PM 19296717 ER PT J AU Saftner, RA Lester, GE AF Saftner, Robert A. Lester, Gene E. TI Sensory and analytical characteristics of a novel hybrid muskmelon fruit intended for the fresh-cut industry SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; Aromatic volatiles; Ascorbic acid; beta-Carotene; Firmness; Quality; Surface color; Soluble solids content ID MELON FRUITS; QUALITY; CANTALOUPE; ATTRIBUTES; STORAGE; MATURATION; ATMOSPHERE; CULTIVARS; HONEYDEW; HARVEST AB A novel hybrid muskmelon has been bred specifically for use by the fresh-cut industry in winter. Quality characteristics of fresh-cut pieces from the hybrid were compared to those of its inbred parental lines and to those of a commercial netted muskmelon (cantaloupe) and a non-netted muskmelon (honeydew) fruit available in winter. Pieces from hybrid and female line fruit had higher soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness, and lower aromatic volatile concentrations compared to those from the male line fruit. Pieces from hybrid fruit also had higher SSC (>3%) and were firmer (>5 N) than commercial fruit available during the winter, and had twice the aromatic volatile concentration of commercial honeydew and a more intense orange hue than commercial muskmelon, Consumers rated the flavor, texture, sweetness and overall eating quality of the hybrid higher than its inbred parents and winter-available honeydew and as well as or better than winter-available muskmelon. Hybrid fruit stored 5 weeks at 1 C under modified atmospheric conditions, then fresh-cut and stored 14 din air at 5 C maintained good quality (firmness m 51 N, SSC > 12%, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid concentrations = 18 and 182 mg kg(-1), respectively), and showed no signs of tissue translucency or surface pitting despite microbial populations >11 log(10) kg(-1). The results indicate that the novel hybrid muskmelon is a promising new melon type for fresh-cut processing and marketing, at least during the winter season. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Saftner, Robert A.] USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lester, Gene E.] USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Saftner, RA (reprint author), USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Agr Res Serv, B-002 Room-117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.Saftner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service [1275-43440-001-00D, 6204-43000-014-00D] FX The authors thank Kristia Adams, Willard Douglas, Robert Martin and Eunhee Park (USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD) and Robert Meyer (USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Weslaco, TX) for dedicated technical help. This research was funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service under CRIS project no. 1275-43440-001-00D to R.A.S. and 6204-43000-014-00D to G.E.L. Use of a company name or product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.09.008 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 416BJ UT WOS:000263979900006 ER PT J AU Hong, YH Kim, ES Lillehoj, HS Lillehoj, EP Song, KD AF Hong, Y. H. Kim, E. -S. Lillehoj, H. S. Lillehoj, E. P. Song, K. -D. TI Association of resistance to avian coccidiosis with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the zyxin gene SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE single nucleotide polymorphism; zyxin; CD4; disease resistance; coccidiosis ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; EMBRYO CDNA LIBRARY; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; CANDIDATE GENE; YOUNG CHICKS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; LESION SCORES; E-TENELLA AB Our previous genetic studies demonstrated that resistance to avian coccidiosis is linked with microsatellite markers LEI0071 and LEI0101 on chromosome 1. In this study, the associations between parameters of resistance to coccidiosis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 3 candidate genes located between LEI0071 and LEI0101 [zyxin, CD4, and tumor necrosis factor receptor super family 1A (TNFRSF1A)] were determined. The SNP were genotyped in 24 F(1) generation and 290 F(2) generation animals. No SNP were identified in the TNFRSF1A gene, whereas 10 were located in the zyxin gene and 4 in the CD4 gene. At various times following experimental infection of the F(2) generation with Eimeria maxima, BW, fecal oocyst shedding, and plasma levels of carotenoid, nitrite plus nitrate (NO(2)(-) NO(3)(-)), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were measured as parameters of resistance. Single marker and haplotype-based tests were applied to determine the associations between the 14 SNP and the parameters of coccidiosis resistance. None of the CD4 SNP were correlated with disease resistance. However, by single marker association, several of the zyxin SNP were significantly associated with carotenoid or NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-) concentrations. These were the SNP at nucleotide 149 associated with carotenoid at d 3 postinfection ( PI), nucleotide 187 with carotenoid at d 6 and 9 PI, and nucleotide 159 with carotenoid between d 3 and 9 PI. In addition, the zyxin SNP at nucleotide 191 was significantly associated with increased levels of NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-) at d 3 PI. By haplotype association, the zyxin SNP also were found to be highly associated with NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-) at d 3 PI and increased IFN-gamma at d 6 PI. These results suggest that zyxin is a candidate gene potentially associated with increased resistance to experimental avian coccidiosis. C1 [Hong, Y. H.; Lillehoj, H. S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, E. -S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lillehoj, E. P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Song, K. -D.] NICHHD, Lab Mammalian Genes & Dev, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research; Education and Extension Service [2004-35204-14798] FX This project was supported, in part, by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (NRI grant # 2004-35204-14798). NR 41 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 88 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00344 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410FP UT WOS:000263563200008 PM 19211519 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Park, DW Jang, SI Morales, A Garcia, D Lucio, E Larios, R Victoria, G Marrufo, D Lillehoj, EP AF Lee, S. H. Lillehoj, H. S. Park, D. W. Jang, S. I. Morales, A. Garcia, D. Lucio, E. Larios, R. Victoria, G. Marrufo, D. Lillehoj, E. P. TI Induction of passive immunity in broiler chickens against Eimeria acervulina by hyperimmune egg yolk immunoglobulin Y SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg yolk; immunoglobulin Y; coccidiosis; Eimeria; passive immunization ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COCCIDIOSIS; INFECTION; TENELLA; MAXIMA; VACCINATION; PROTEINS; ANTIGENS AB The protective effect of hyperimmune IgY fraction of egg yolk prepared from hens hyperimmunized with multiple species of Eimeria oocysts on experimental coccidiosis was evaluated in young broilers. Chickens were continuously fed from hatch with a standard diet containing hyperimmune IgY egg yolk powder or a nonsupplemented control diet and orally challenged at d 7 posthatch with 5.0 x 10(3) sporulated Eimeria acervulina oocysts. Body weight gain between d 0 and 10 and fecal oocyst shedding between d 5 and 10 postinfection were determined as parameters of protective immunity. Chickens given 10 or 20% hyperimmune IgY egg yolk powder showed significantly increased BW gain and reduced fecal oocyst shedding compared with control birds fed the nonsupplemented diet. In another trial, lower IgY concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.05%) were used to treat birds with 1.0 x 10(4) oocysts of E. acervulina. Total oocyst shedding was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in chickens fed the 0.02 and 0.05% hyperimmune IgY supplemented-diets compared with animals fed the nonsupplemented diet. Similarly, chickens fed 0.5% of hyperimmune IgY egg yolk powder diet and challenged with 1.0 x 104 oocysts exhibited reduced oocyst shedding compared with the control birds given 0.5% of IgY from nonimmunized hen eggs, although BW gain was not affected. We conclude that passive immunization of chickens with anti-coccidia IgY antibodies provide protective immunity against coccidiosis challenge infection. C1 [Lee, S. H.; Lillehoj, H. S.; Park, D. W.; Jang, S. I.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Morales, A.; Garcia, D.; Lucio, E.; Larios, R.; Victoria, G.; Marrufo, D.] Sociedad Anonima Capital Variable, Invest Aplicada, Puebla 75700, Mexico. [Lillehoj, E. P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Lucio, Eduardo/0000-0001-5723-9205 FU Agricultural Research Service-USDA and Investigacion Aplicada; Sociedad Anonima de Capital Variable, Puebla, Mexico FX This project was partially supported by a trust agreement established between Agricultural Research Service-USDA and Investigacion Aplicada, Sociedad Anonima de Capital Variable, Puebla, Mexico. The authors thank Margie Nichols (Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Beltsville, MD) for her significant contribution to this research. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 88 IS 3 BP 562 EP 566 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00340 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410FP UT WOS:000263563200014 PM 19211525 ER PT J AU Viscione, KA Branton, SL Vance, AM Gerard, PD Womack, SK Peebles, ED AF Viscione, K. A. Branton, S. L. Vance, A. M. Gerard, P. D. Womack, S. K. Peebles, E. D. TI Effects of 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination alone at ten weeks of age or in conjunction with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation overlays at twenty-two or forty-five weeks of age on the reproductive and digestive organs of commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE digestive organ; F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; reproductive organ; 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID BROILER BREEDER; PERFORMANCE; INFECTION; CHICKENS; LAYERS AB Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of a prelay 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (6/85MG) vaccination alone or in conjunction with time-specific F-strain M. gallisepticum (FMG) inoculation overlays on the gross reproductive and digestive organ characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens. In each trial, the following 4 treatments were applied: 1) sham vaccination at 10 wk of age; 2) vaccination of 6/85MG at 10 wk; 3) 6/85MG at 10 wk overlaid by FMG inoculation at 22 wk; and 4) 6/85MG at 10 wk overlaid by FMG at 45 wk. Two birds per isolation pen (experimental replicate unit) were necropsied at the end of both trials to observe the effects of treatment on liver weight, liver lipid and moisture concentrations, incidence of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome, ovary weight, mature ovarian follicle numbers, and the total and segmental weights, lengths, and histologies of the oviduct and small intestine. The applied treatments affected only liver moisture. Liver moisture content was greater in birds vaccinated with 6/85MG at 10 wk alone or in conjunction with FMG at 45 wk in comparison with sham vaccinated controls and birds that received a 6/85MG vaccination at 10 wk overlaid by an FMG inoculation at 22 wk. Prelay 6/85MG vaccinations may be a suitable substitute for prelay FMG inoculations, and FMG overlays during lay on prelay 6/85MG vaccinations may also provide continual protection against field-strain MG infections without eliciting any subsequent suppressive effects on performance, as noted in an earlier study. C1 [Viscione, K. A.; Womack, S. K.; Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.; Vance, A. M.] Agr Res Serv, Poultry Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 88 IS 3 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00394 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410FP UT WOS:000263563200015 PM 19211526 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR Akuffo, V AF Bakst, M. R. Akuffo, V. TI Morphology of the turkey vagina with and without an egg mass in the uterus SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ave; genitalia; oviduct; anatomy ID SPERM-STORAGE; QUANTIFICATION AB In this study we examined the gross anatomy of the uterus and vagina in turkeys in egg production. With no uterine egg mass, removal of the tunica serosa that enclosed the uterus revealed deep periodic in-folding of the muscularis transversely circumscribing the sac-like segment. When the connective tissue embracing the neutral buffered formalin fixed vagina was completely teased free, the exposed tubular segment was shaped as a counter-clockwise spiral or as a series of angular, random bends. The uterovaginal junction was flush with the uterine mucosa or projected slightly into the uterine lumen. With a uterine egg mass, the deep in-foldings of the uterus were abolished. The only alteration to the morphology of the vagina was that the uterovaginal junction appeared dilated and pressed into its juncture with the uterus. Whether an egg mass was present or not, uterovaginal junction folds that projected into the uterus possessed sperm storage tubules. An egg mass in the uterus compressed the uterovaginal junction folds, and its mucosa became contiguous with the uterine mucosa. Finally, from an evolutionary perspective, in the turkey and possibly other species possessing a nonintromittent phallus, vaginal pleomorphism may have been driven primarily by the need to accommodate the overall length of the vagina in a limited abdominal space and to a lesser extent on sexual selection. C1 [Bakst, M. R.; Akuffo, V.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 200,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM murray.bakst@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 88 IS 3 BP 631 EP 635 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00527 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 410FP UT WOS:000263563200024 PM 19211535 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Lauenroth, WK Stapp, P Augustine, DJ AF Derner, Justin D. Lauenroth, William K. Stapp, Paul Augustine, David J. TI Livestock as Ecosystem Engineers for Grassland Bird Habitat in the Western Great Plains of North America SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE community structure; conservation grazing; disturbances; patch burning; rangeland ecosystem; vegetation composition; vegetation heterogeneity; wildlife habitat ID DEHYDRATED MOLASSES SUPPLEMENT; CATTLE GRAZING DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WATERING POINTS; MOUNTAIN PLOVER; VEGETATION; RANGELANDS AB Domestic livestock have the potential to function as ecosystem engineers in semiarid rangelands, but prevailing management practices largely emphasize livestock production and uniform use of vegetation. As a result, variation in vegetation structure might not occur at appropriate spatial and temporal scales to achieve some contemporary conservation objectives. Here, we introduce the utility of livestock as ecosystem engineers and address potential benefits and consequences associated with heterogeneity-based management practices for conservation grazing in the semiarid rangelands of the western North American Great Plains. To illustrate the potential value of this approach, we provide specific examples where engineering effects of livestock Could alter vegetation heterogeneity at within-pasture (< 100 ha) and among-pasture (similar to 100 ha to thousands of hectares) scales to improve habitat for declining native grassland birds. Experimental evaluations of the efficacy of livestock to achieve desired modifications to vegetation structure are needed, along with the economic aspects associated with implementing heterogeneity-based management practices. Using livestock as ecosystem engineers to alter vegetation structure for grassland bird habitat is feasible in terms of application by land managers within the context of current livestock operations, and provides land managers important tools to achieve desired contemporary objectives and outcomes in semiarid rangelands of the western North American Great Plains. C1 [Derner, Justin D.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Stapp, Paul] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0217631] FX We thank the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research project for support (National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0217631). We thank David Engle, Chad Boyd, Tom Thurow, and two anonymous reviewers, as well as Associate Editor Leigh Hunt for helpful comments on previous version of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 56 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 62 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.2111/08-008.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422JL UT WOS:000264423800001 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Svejcar, TJ AF Boyd, Chad S. Svejcar, Tony J. TI A Technique for Estimating Riparian Root Production SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE belowground production; root-ingrowth core; root-length density ID FERTILIZATION; TUNDRA AB Belowground plant biomass plays a critical role in the maintenance of riparian ecosystems and generally constitutes the majority of the total biomass on a site. Despite this importance, belowground dynamics of riparian plant species are not commonly investigated, in part because of difficulties of sampling in a belowground riparian environment. We investigated the field utility of a root-ingrowth sampling technique for measuring root production. We established four streamside sampling sites in southeastern Oregon, and randomly located four plots within each site. In each plot we established two 7.6-cm-diameter sand-filled ingrowth cores in September of 2004. In September of 2005 we harvested the cores with the use of a vacuum sampling technique in which a 5.1-cm-diameter camphored polyvinyl chloride casing was driven into the center of the root core and sand and root materials were suctioned out. Root-length density was determined by computer image analysis, and roots were dried and weighed to determine production by weight. Results indicate that root-length density averaged 7.2 (+/- 0.7) cm . cm(-3) across 2 sites and root-production index was 356.7 (+/- 20.6) g . m(-2). Our index to root production by weight was consistent with previous estimates of annual root production reported in the literature. Our sampling technique proved to be a practical solution for root sampling in riparian environments, and helps overcome some of the difficulties in sequential coring of saturated soils. Use of any ingrowth core technique to index root production can potentially bias production estimates because of the artificial, root-free environment of the core. However, these biases should be consistent across sites, making ingrowth cores useful for determining differences between manipulative treatments. C1 [Boyd, Chad S.; Svejcar, Tony J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826 A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM chad.boyd@oregonstate.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 62 IS 2 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.2111/08-182.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422JL UT WOS:000264423800012 ER PT J AU Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, NE Lopez-Alvarenga, JC Comuzzie, AG Miller, MM Ford, SP Li, C Hubbard, GB Ferry, RJ Nathanielsz, PW AF Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia E. Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan C. Comuzzie, Anthony G. Miller, Myrna M. Ford, Stephen P. Li, Cun Hubbard, Gene B. Ferry, Robert J., Jr. Nathanielsz, Peter W. TI The Prolonged Effect of Repeated Maternal Glucocorticoid Exposure on the Maternal and Fetal Leptin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Papio species SO REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Glucocorticoid; insulin-like growth factor; IGF-binding protein; leptin; baboon; pregnancy ID PLASMA LEPTIN CONCENTRATION; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; CORD BLOOD LEPTIN; CIRCULATING IGF-I; ANTENATAL DEXAMETHASONE; PRETERM INFANTS; LATE-GESTATION; SERUM LEPTIN; FOOD-INTAKE; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB Background: Maternal obesity represents a risk factor for pregnancy-related complications. Glucocorticoids are known to promote obesity in adults. Methods: We evaluated maternal and fetal metabolic changes during and after 3 weekly courses of betamethasone, administered to pregnant baboons (Papio subspecies) at doses equivalent to those given to pregnant women. Results: Betamethasone administration during the second half of pregnancy increased material weight but neither maternal food intake nor fetal weight, as assessed at the end of gestation. Betamethasone increased material scrum glucose concentration, the ratio of insulin-like growth-factor-I mid insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, mid serum leptin during treatment (normalized by 17, 35, mid 45 days posttreatment, respectively,for each parameter). Maternal and-fetal serum leptin concentrations did not differ between groups at the end of gestation. Conclusion: Prolonged maternal hyperleptinemia caused by betamethasone administration in the second half of gestation did not change fetal metabolic parameters measured and placental leptin distribution at the end of gestation. C1 [Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia E.; Li, Cun; Nathanielsz, Peter W.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ctr Pregnancy & Newborn Res, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ferry, Robert J., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Endocrinol,Le Bonheur Childrens Med C, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Ferry, Robert J., Jr.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia E.; Comuzzie, Anthony G.; Hubbard, Gene B.; Nathanielsz, Peter W.] SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. [Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan C.; Comuzzie, Anthony G.; Nathanielsz, Peter W.] SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. [Ford, Stephen P.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Study Fetal Programming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Miller, Myrna M.] ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY USA. RP Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, NE (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ctr Pregnancy & Newborn Res, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM schlabritzlu@uthscsa.edu RI Ferry, Robert/O-6107-2016; OI Ferry, Robert/0000-0001-9228-3914; Nathanielsz, Peter/0000-0001-8410-6280 FU NIH [R01 HD21350, P51 RR013986, K08 DK02876]; SPC Russell H. Nahvi Memorial Fund for Pediatric Pesearch at UTHSCSA FX This work was Supported in part by NIH grants R01 HD21350 (PWN), P51 RR013986 (SNPRC base grant), and K08 DK02876 and the SPC Russell H. Nahvi Memorial Fund for Pediatric Pesearch at UTHSCSA (RJF). NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1933-7191 J9 REPROD SCI JI Reprod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 308 EP 319 DI 10.1177/1933719108325755 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 407TG UT WOS:000263386600011 PM 19087979 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Gallagher, M Young, N Rohweder, JJ Knutson, MG AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Gallagher, Maureen Young, Neal Rohweder, Jason J. Knutson, Melinda G. TI Factors Associated with Succession of Abandoned Agricultural Lands along the Lower Missouri River, USA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flooding; mixed-effects models; wet prairie; wildlife habitat; young forest ID FLOW REGULATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; SEED BANKS; RIPARIAN; FLOODPLAIN; WATER; CONSEQUENCES; CONNECTIVITY; HYDROCHORY; ECOSYSTEMS AB The 1993 flood of the Missouri River led to the abandonment of agriculture on considerable land in the floodplain. This abandonment led to a restoration opportunity for the U.S. Federal Government, purchasing those lands being sold by farmers. Restoration of this floodplain is complicated, however, by an imperfect understanding of its past environmental and vegetative conditions. We examined environmental conditions associated with the current placement of young forests and wet prairies as a guide to the potential successional trajectory for abandoned agricultural land subject to flooding. We used Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression to examine the effects of flood frequency, soil drainage, distance from the main channel, and elevation on whether a site was in wet prairie or in forest. Study site was included as a random effect, controlling for site-specific differences not measured in our study. We found, after controlling for the effect of site, that early-successional forest sites were closer to the river and at a lower elevation but occurred on drier soils than wet prairie. In a regulated river such as the lower Missouri River, wet prairie sites are relatively isolated from the main channel compared to early-successional forest, despite occurring on relatively moister soils. The modeled results from this study may be used to predict the potential successional fate of the acquired agricultural lands, and along with information on wildlife assemblages associated with wet prairie and forest can be used to predict potential benefit of these acquisitions to wildlife conservation. C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Rohweder, Jason J.; Knutson, Melinda G.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Gallagher, Maureen; Young, Neal] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Big Muddy Natl Fish & Wil, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Gallagher, Maureen] NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Geol Geog, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryville, MO 64468 USA. [Young, Neal] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. [Knutson, Melinda G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Biol Monitoring Team 3&5, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Kansas City District; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Non-game bird program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Grant program; Upper Mississippi River/Great Lakes Joint Venture; Missouri Department of Conservation FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Kansas City District (with special thanks to K. Ryan and G. Covington); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Non-game bird program (with special thanks to S. Lewis); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Grant program (with special thanks to S. Kufrin); Upper Mississippi River/Great Lakes Joint Venture (with special thanks to B. Pardo); and Missouri Department of Conservation (with special thanks to K. Korthas, T. James, and J. Vogel). Technical assistance was provided by S. Acosta, T. Altnether, S. Cooksey, S. Counihan, A. Estes, J. Finley, J. Friedrich, A. Griffin, H. Lambert-Dougherty, J. Lee, S. Papon, T. Rogers, and P. Sullivan. M. Comstock provided project logistics. B. Ickes, W. Watkins, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful commentary on an early draft of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00344.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 415CD UT WOS:000263911000014 ER PT J AU Fissore, C Giardina, CP Kolka, RK Trettin, CC AF Fissore, Cinzia Giardina, Christian P. Kolka, Randall K. Trettin, Carl C. TI Soil organic carbon quality in forested mineral wetlands at different mean annual temperature SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SOC quality; Forested mineral soil wetlands; Q(10); Long-term incubation; Global warming; Sub-alpine forests; Temperate forests ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DECOMPOSITION; MATTER; TUNDRA; SENSITIVITY; TURNOVER; POOLS; RATES; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Forested mineral soil wetlands (FMSW) store large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), but little is known on: (i) whether the quality of SOC stored in these soils (proportion of active versus more resistant SOC compounds) differs from SOC in upland soils; (ii) how the quality of SOC in FMSW varies with mean annual temperature (MAT); and (iii) whether SOC decomposition rates in these environments respond to warming and drying more strongly than those observed in upland soils. To address this substantial knowledge gap, we identified nine FMSW and fifteen paired upland forest sites across three bioregions in North America (sub-alpine in Colorado; north-temperate in Minnesota; and south-temperate in South Carolina) to test the following three hypotheses. First, FMSW store a higher proportion of active SOC compared with upland systems because long anaerobic periods favor the accumulation of labile substrates. Second, in FMSW, SOC quality decreases from cold to warm bioregions because high quality detritus accumulates preferentially at cool sites where decomposition is slow. Finally, decomposition of SOC in FMSW will respond more strongly to warming under aerobic conditions than SOC from upland forest soils because of higher accumulation of active SOC in FMSW. To test these hypotheses, we incubated FMSW and upland forest soils at two constant temperatures (10 and 30 degrees C) for 525-d under aerobic conditions and constant moisture. In contrast to our first hypothesis, we observed similarly rapid depletion of active SOC compounds at initial stages of incubation across FMSW and upland sites, and across the 525-d incubations we observed overall lower SOC decomposition rates in our FMSW soils. In line with our second hypothesis, and across FMWS and upland soils, we found greater SOC loss in the sub-alpine bioregion than both temperate regions. In contrast to our last hypothesis, we found no difference in the temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) of SOC decomposition in FMSW and upland forest soils. Critically, total SOC loss (g SOC per g soil) was larger in FMSW because of the large amount of SOC stored in these ecosystems, indicating that despite a lack of difference between FMSW and upland responses, the total release of C from FMSW that could result from global warming may be large. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fissore, Cinzia] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grant Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Trettin, Carl C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Watershed Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. RP Fissore, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM fisso001@umn.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 FU USDA Forest Service FX We thank Brian Palik for site selection and soil sampling in Minnesota, Doris Nelson and Martin Jurgensen for assistance with soil analyses, Noah Karberg and Jennifer Eikenberry for assistance with Gas Chromatography, Melissa Porter and Christa Luokkala for their lab work, Erik Lilleskov and Sue Beske-Diehl for useful comments, and the Northern, Southern and Pacific Southwest Research Stations of the USDA Forest Service for funding support. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 458 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.004 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 420GR UT WOS:000264277600002 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Van Donk, SJ Petersen, JL AF Tarkalson, David D. Van Donk, Simon J. Petersen, James L. TI Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Corn Production Using Subsurface Drip Irrigation SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Subsurface drip irrigation; nitrogen; corn ID NO-TILL CORN; PLACEMENT; YIELDS; TIME AB The use of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) in row-crop agriculture is increasing because of potential increases in water and nutrient use efficiency. Research-based information is needed to manage N applications through SDI systems in field corn (Zea mays L.) production. This study was conducted to assess the effect of different in-season SDI system N application timings on corn production and residual soil NO3-N at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln West Central Research and Extension Center in North Platte, Neb, on a Cozad silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Fluventic Haplustoll). We evaluated the effect of three N application timing methods (varying percentages of the total N rate [48% of total N] applied at the V10, VT, and R3 growth stages, in addition to uniform N applications [52% of total N] over all treatments at preplant, planting, and V14 growth stage) at two N application rates (University of Nebraska-Lincoln [UNL] recommended rate and the UNL rate minus 20%) on corn grain and biomass yield and end-of-study distribution of residual soil NO3-N. In 2006, there were no significant differences in corn grain yields between the two N application rates. In 2007, the grain yield under the UNL recommended N rate was significantly higher (190 kg ha(-1)) than the UNL-minus-20% N rate. The average grain yield for this study was close to the predicted yields (based on average 5-year historic yields + a 5% yield increase), indicating that corn production under SDI is satisfactory. In 2006 and 2007, grain yield and biomass production for the N application timing treatments were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The application of 13% of the total N at as late as R3 did not result in decreased yields. The lack of response to different N application timing treatments indicates that there is flexibility in N application timing for corn production under SDI. The distribution of NO3-N in the 0- to 0.9-m and 0.9- to 1.8-m soil profiles was not significantly different among all the treatments. C1 [Tarkalson, David D.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. [Van Donk, Simon J.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, WCREC, N Platte, NE USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. EM david.tarkalson@usda.ars.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 174 IS 3 BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.1097/SSL.0b013e3181998514 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 420TG UT WOS:000264311500007 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA West, LT Seybold, CA Wysocki, DA Benham, E Ferguson, R Peaslee, SD AF Elrashidi, Moustafa Ali West, Larry T. Seybold, Cathy A. Wysocki, Douglas A. Benham, Ellis Ferguson, Richard Peaslee, Steve D. TI Nonpoint Source of Nitrogen Contamination From Land Management Practices in Lost River Basin, West Virginia SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural watershed; runoff nitrogen; leaching nitrogen; poultry litter; eutrophication; Lost River ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NITRATE-NITROGEN; COASTAL-PLAIN; RUNOFF; GROUNDWATER; PHOSPHORUS; SOILS; NEBRASKA; LOSSES AB Poultry production in Hardy County, West Virginia, has increased considerably since the early 1990s. The Lost River basin contains the highest density of poultry facilities in the county. Most of the N-rich poultry litter produced is land applied, and concerns over water quality are widespread. The objective was to apply the Natural Resources Conservation Service exploratory technique on two watersheds (Cullers Run and Upper Cove Run) in the Lost River basin to estimate the loss of nitrate-N from soils by runoff and leaching and to predict the impact on water quality. The predicted annual nitrate-N loss by runoff was 192 Mg, whereas that by leaching was 764 Mg, and their combined amount represented the annual loading for the Lost River. The predicted averages of nitrate-N concentration in runoff and leaching water were 2.57 and 45.1 mg/L, respectively. These data would give an estimated average nitrate-N concentration of 10.4 mg/L in the Lost River. The observed nitrate-N concentration in 12 monthly samples collected from the Lost River ranged from 2.41 to 19.9 mg/L, with an average of 7.11 mg/L (S.D., 4.68 mg/L). The relatively low nitrate-N concentrations observed in the river could be attributed to assimilation by algae, weeds, and aquatic plants, as well as denitrification in stream water under anaerobic conditions. When factors affecting N concentration in streams are considered, the technique could estimate the impact on water quality. We concluded that the exploratory technique could provide a quick estimation and identify hot spots for large areas of agricultural land. Thus, lengthy and site-specific studies could be focused on certain areas of high risk. C1 [Elrashidi, Moustafa Ali; West, Larry T.; Seybold, Cathy A.; Wysocki, Douglas A.; Benham, Ellis; Ferguson, Richard; Peaslee, Steve D.] USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM moustafa.elrashidi@lin.usda.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 174 IS 3 BP 180 EP 192 DI 10.1097/SSL.0b013e31819869b8 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 420TG UT WOS:000264311500008 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Armstrong, S Way, TR Rowe, DE Sistani, KR AF Tewolde, Haile Armstrong, Shalamar Way, Thomas R. Rowe, Dennis E. Sistani, Karamat R. TI Cotton Response to Poultry Litter Applied by Subsurface Banding Relative to Surface Broadcasting SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; BROILER LITTER; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; LINT YIELD; MANURE; EMISSIONS; QUALITY AB Dry poultry litter is typically land applied by surface broadcasting, a practice that exposes certain litter nutrients to volatilization loss. Applying litter with a new, experimental implement that places the litter in narrow bands below the soil surface may reduce or eliminate such losses but has not been tested experimentally. The objective of this research was to quantify cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield and fiber quality improvements when fertilized with broiler litter applied in narrow subsurface bands at planting or after crop establishment compared with the traditional surface broadcast and standard inorganic fertilization. Applying litter at 6.7 Mg ha(-1) increased lint yield from 984 kg ha(-1) when applied by surface broadcast to an average of 1052 kg ha(-1) when applied by subsurface band at planting or 1 mo later. Applying the same litter rate by subsurface banding 1 mo after planting had the added benefit of improving fiber properties, fiber length in particular. Chlorophyll index measurements showed that plants received greater N nutrition, suggesting that litter-derived N was conserved when the litter was applied by subsurface banding relative to surface broadcast. These results demonstrate that applying dry poultry litter in narrow subsurface bands with this implement conserves litter-derived N and may lead to a reduction in the litter application rate relative to the conventional surface broadcast method, with an added benefit of improved fiber quality when the litter is applied after crop establishment. C1 [Tewolde, Haile] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Armstrong, Shalamar] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Way, Thomas R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Rowe, Dennis E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sistani, Karamat R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM haile.tewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 384 EP 389 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0127 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 417PT UT WOS:000264089300006 ER PT J AU Wells, RR Alonso, CV Bennett, SJ AF Wells, Robert R. Alonso, Carlos V. Bennett, Sean J. TI Morphodynamics of Headcut Development and Soil Erosion in Upland Concentrated Flows SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GULLY EROSION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; RILL EROSION; SEDIMENT; MIGRATION; GROWTH; RUNOFF; FLUME; AREAS; JETS AB In agricultural regions, gully erosion is now recognized as a dominant source of soil loss, and the development and upstream migration of headcuts is critical to the initiation, incision, and dissection of these upland areas. This study examined the effect of soil texture on headcut development and migration using four common soils from the southeastern United States, tested on bed surface slopes ranging from 1 to 5% and overland flow rates ranging from 45 to 71 L min(-1). In response to this flow, actively migrating headcuts developed with migration rates ranging from 0.00001 to 0.0025 m s(-1), maximum scour depths ranging from 0.042 to 0.148 m, and sediment discharge rates ranging from 0.00017 to 0.0356 kg s(-1) depending on the soil and boundary conditions imposed. Nearly all experimental runs resulted in steady-state soil erosion, wherein the headcut developed attained a constant rate of migration, shape, and sediment discharge as a function of time. These experimental observations were successfully compared with predictive equations for mass conservation, jet entry angle, maximum scour depth, and migration rate developed for actively migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows. These results further demonstrate that systematic headcut development can occur in a range of soils, slopes, and flow rates, and chat modified jet impingement theory can be used to predict the erosional characteristics of these headcuts, thus providing the necessary analytical framework for improving soil erosion prediction technology. C1 [Wells, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Alonso, Carlos V.] NSL, Murray, UT 84107 USA. [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dep Geog, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Wells, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM robert.wells@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; National Science Foundation [EAR0640617] FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA-ARS and National Science Foundation (EAR0640617). This project Would nor have been possible without the assistance of Antonia Smith and Don Seale. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0007 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 417PT UT WOS:000264089300022 ER PT J AU De-Campos, AB Mamedov, AI Huang, CH AF De-Campos, Alfredo B. Mamedov, Amrakh I. Huang, Chi-Hua TI Short-Term Reducing Conditions Decrease Soil Aggregation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL IRON REDUCTION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; B-HORIZONS; STABILITY; FERRIHYDRITE; MOBILIZATION; ERODIBILITY; MECHANISMS AB Upland soils in the midwestern United States are often ponded during the spring for days or weeks and may undergo reduction. Short-term reducing conditions change the chemistry of the soil and that may affect soil aggregation. The objective of this study was to determine how changes in the redox status of the soil under a set of controlled temperature and light conditions can impact soil aggregation during short-term flooding conditions. A biogeochemical reactor was built to achieve reducing conditions. Six different soils, three cultivated and three uncultivated, with different organic C contents were incubated (1:1.5 soil/water ratio) in the reactor for 1 h and 1, 3, 7, and 14 d. After each treatment, the soil Solution was collected and analyzed for metals and dissolved organic C (DOC). A high-energy moisture characteristic procedure was used to determine the aggregate stability of the incubated soil samples. A strong correlation was found between changes in the redox potential (Eh) and aggregate stability. As Eh decreased, aggregate stability decreased. The changes in redox-sensitive elements (Mn and Fe), alkaline metals (Ca, Mg, and K), and DOC under reducing conditions were found to also contribute to decreased aggregate stability. The aggregate stabilities of cultivated soils were more sensitive to reducing conditions than those of uncultivated ones. The decrease in aggregate stability reached up to 21% in the cultivated soils and might be irreversible under field conditions. Short-term reducing conditions may have detrimental effects on soil structure and water quality due to changes in soil aggregation and the chemistry of the soil solution. C1 [De-Campos, Alfredo B.] Purdue Univ, Agron Dep, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mamedov, Amrakh I.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Huang, Chi-Hua] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP De-Campos, AB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Agron Dep, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM alfredo_de-campos@yahoo.com RI De-Campos, Alfredo/I-5211-2012 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 550 EP 559 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0425 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 417PT UT WOS:000264089300025 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Frederick, JR Bauer, PJ Watts, DW AF Novak, J. M. Frederick, J. R. Bauer, P. J. Watts, D. W. TI Rebuilding Organic Carbon Contents in Coastal Plain Soils Using Conservation Tillage Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; CROPPING SYSTEMS; BLACK CHERNOZEM; GRAIN-YIELD; SEQUESTRATION; MATTER; NITROGEN; RESIDUE; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Long-term disk tillage (DT) for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain has resulted in soil organic C (SOC) content reductions. Conservation tillage (CT) management in some studies can rebuild SOC levels. A field study, with two adjacent 3.5-ha fields, both containing soil series formed in upland and depressional areas, was conducted using a 6-yr rotation of corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton to determine the CT and DT effects on SOC contents and residue characteristics returned to the soil. Annual soil samples were collected from 50 locations per field at 0- to 3- and 3- to 15-cm. After 6 yr under CT, residue accumulation promoted a significant SOC increase in the 0- to 3-cm depth in the upland soil series (about 0.7 Mg SOC ha(-1)). The lack of residue mixing in the 3- to 15-cm depth in upland Soils under CT however, resulted in a significant SOC content decline at this depth (1.25-2.51 Mg SOC ha(-1)). There was no significant SOC content change in soils under CT formed in depressional areas or in all soils under DT During 6 yr, 14.8 Mg ha(-1) of organic C from both corn and cotton residues was returned to Soils under CT but <4% was incorporated into the SOC pool. Levels of SOC in sandy upland soils can be increased at the surface after 6 yr of CT under a corn and cotton rotation, with the increase coming at the expense of an SOC decline at a deeper topsoil depth. C1 [Novak, J. M.; Bauer, P. J.; Watts, D. W.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Frederick, J. R.] Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM jeff.novak@ars.usda.gov FU CSREES [6657-12000004-00D] FX Sincere gratitude is expressed to the Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center firm crew and to Sue Griggs, Ernie Strickland, and Warren Busscher for assistance with this project. This research was partially funded by CSREES Project no. 6657-12000004-00D entitled "Improving soils and their management for more efficient water use in environmentally sustainable agriculture." NR 52 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 622 EP 629 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0193 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 417PT UT WOS:000264089300033 ER PT J AU Vaughan, KL Rabenhorst, MC Needelman, BA AF Vaughan, Karen L. Rabenhorst, Martin C. Needelman, Brian A. TI Saturation and Temperature Effects on the Development of Reducing Conditions in Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions regulate many chemical processes chat Occur in Soils. Saturation, C availability, microorganisms, and temperature dictate the rate and type of redox reactions that will occur. The measurement of redox potential enables researchers to predict the stability of redox-sensitive species, such as Fe oxides. We determine the amount Of time Mid-Atlantic Piedmont floodplain soils must be saturated at a given temperature before becoming reduced with respect to ferrihydrite. Three representative floodplains in Maryland and Delaware were selected for this study. Redox potential, pH, temperature, and depth to water table were measured in six profiles over a 2-yr period. At lower temperatures, longer periods of saturation were required to induce soil reduction with respect to ferrihydrite (p < 0.0001). The soils were reduced with respect to ferrihydrite after the soils were saturated for 2 to 20 d depending oil the 14-d average soil temperature ringing from 1 to 21 degrees C. When the soil temperature was between 1 and 3.9 degrees C, saturation was required for 20 d before the onset of reducing conditions. At 4 to 6.9 degrees C, 11 d of saturation were required, while at 7 to 8.9 degrees C, 7 d of saturation were required. When the soil temperature was above 9 degrees C, reduction occurred after approximately 2 d. This investigation reveals the importance of considering soil temperature when relating length of saturation to reduction, specifically, pertaining to floodplain soils in the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont physiographic province. C1 [Vaughan, Karen L.] USDA NRCS, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Rabenhorst, Martin C.; Needelman, Brian A.] Univ Maryland, Dep Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vaughan, KL (reprint author), USDA NRCS, 245 Jimmy Doolittle Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM karen.vaughan@ut.usda.gov FU Maryland Dep. of the Environment and the USEPA FX This work was supported by a grant from the Maryland Dep. of the Environment and the USEPA. We express our appreciation to the members of the Mid-Atlantic Hydric Soil Committee for their encouragement and support during this study. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0346 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 417PT UT WOS:000264089300038 ER PT J AU Rabenhorst, AC Hively, WD James, BR AF Rabenhorst, A. C. Hively, W. D. James, B. R. TI Measurements of Soil Redox Potential SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM MICROELECTRODES; REDUCTION; IRON; ELECTRODES; INDICATOR; IRIS AB Soil redox potentials (Eh) are commonly measured and operationally defined using platinum (Pt) electrodes, but there are variations in the methodology and instrumentation for Measuring the associated voltages that may lead to imprecise and inaccurate estimates of oxidation-reduction intensity in the soil environment. Most field measurements of Eh are either made manually using a volt meter or automatically with a recording device such as a data logger. A mesocosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of these two measurement approaches on resulting Eh values in three different wetland soils. Noticeable differences were observed between data collected using a multimeter (simple volt meter) and those collected with a data logger. Because the multimeter permitted the observed voltages to drift while the Pt and reference electrodes equilibrated following closure of the circuit, it was initially suspected that these were the more accurate data. By adding a 10-Mohm resistor (standard component of commercially available multimeters) to a closed circuit containing the Pt and reference electrodes, data loggers could be modified to collect data similar to those obtained using a multimeter. Further testing, however, demonstrated that the voltage drift observed when using a closed 10-Mohm circuit was an artifact of alterations in the electrochemical soil environment surrounding the Pt electrode. By using an instrument with very high (200 Gohm) input resistance, the artifactual drift could be essentially eliminated. Our comparisons and experiments suggest that the most accurate measurements of soil Eh and soil redox status are obtained using volt meters with high input resistance (e.g., 200 Gohm). Accurate Eh values also are obtained using data loggers (20 Gohm resistance) in the standard configuration that maintains an open circuit except during the actual instantaneous voltage measurement. C1 [Rabenhorst, A. C.; James, B. R.] Univ Maryland, Dep Environ Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hively, W. D.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rabenhorst, AC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Environ Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrabenho@umd.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 41 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 668 EP 674 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0443 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 417PT UT WOS:000264089300039 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Comments on "No-Tillage and Soil-Profile Carbon Sequestration: An On-Farm Assessment" SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 686 EP 687 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0275l PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 417PT UT WOS:000264089300041 ER PT J AU Flores, D Hall, DG Jenkins, DA Setamou, M AF Flores, Daniel Hall, David G. Jenkins, David A. Setamou, Mamoudou TI Abundance of Asian Citrus Psyllid on Yellow Sticky Traps in Florida, Puerto Rico, and Texas Citrus Groves SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY; DISEASE AB Population dynamics of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), were studied using yellow sticky traps in citrus groves in Florida, Texas, and Puerto Rico. Four groves were studied in Florida (three sweet orange groves and one grove of mixed Citrus spp.) and Texas (four grapefruit groves), and three groves were studied in Puerto Rico (one grove of mandarin oranges and two sweet orange groves). Abundance of Asian citrus psyllid based on trap captures of adults at two groves in Puerto Rico were similar to those in Florida, although several peaks in numbers trapped at one Florida grove far exceeded those at any other grove. Few adults were captured on traps at one of the Puerto Rico groves and at each of the four Texas groves. Less abundance of the psyllid was attributed to the grove in Puerto Rico being higher altitude and cooler. Fewer psyllids captured at two of the four Texas groves during some trapping periods were attributed to applications of insecticides but, overall, fewer adults captured on traps at the Texas groves seemed to be a consequence of differences in abundance of the psyllid. Environmental, biological control, or host plant factors may be less favorable for increases in abundance of Asian citrus psyllid in Texas than in Florida. C1 [Flores, Daniel] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Edinburg, TX USA. [Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Jenkins, David A.] ARS, USDA, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Setamou, Mamoudou] Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Flores, D (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Edinburg, TX USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 13 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.3958/059.034.0101 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 429SY UT WOS:000264941600001 ER PT J AU Lopez, JD Latheef, MA Hoffmann, WC AF Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Latheef, Mohamed A. Hoffmann, Wesley C. TI Effect of Hexaflumuron on Gustation and Reproduction of Adult Boll Weevil SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FOOD SOURCES; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; COTTON; INHIBITORS AB Hexaflumuron was evaluated for effects on gustatory response and reproduction of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, captured in pheromone-baited traps. Hexaflumuron is an insect-growth regulator that inhibits chitin synthesis and disrupts insect cuticle formation during molting. The intent was to determine the effect of hexaflumuron mixed in ppm active ingredient (weight:volume) with 10% sucrose as a feeding stimulant on gustation and reproduction of boll weevil. Regardless of concentrations, weevils captured in pheromone-baited traps in the fall ingested significantly more hexaflumuron than those captured in the spring. Seasonal mean amount of hexaflumuron in gested by the weevil decreased significantly with greater concentrations (adjusted R(2) = 0.82). At 5 and 25 ppm, hexaflumuron significantly depressed gustatory response for fall- and spring-captured boll weevils, respectively. Hexaflumuron at 5 and 25 ppm significantly depressed oviposition and larval hatch, respectively, for both spring- and fall-captured weevils. However, reduction in larval hatch was minimal. Data suggest that the use of hexaflumuron as a toxicant for suppression of boll weevil when ingested is limited because of inhibitory gustatory response and minimal reduction in larval hatch. However, this method of application used for hexaflumuron may be important for other insecticides to determine effectiveness on mortality and reproduction of weevils. C1 [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.; Latheef, Mohamed A.; Hoffmann, Wesley C.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, AWPMRU, College Stn, TX USA. RP Lopez, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPARC, AWPMRU, College Stn, TX USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.3958/059.034.0103 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 429SY UT WOS:000264941600003 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Teran-Vargas, AP Lopez, JD Abel, CA AF Blanco, Carlos A. Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Abel, Craig A. TI Incidence of Heliothis virescens on Garbanzo Varieties in Northwestern Mississippi SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; FIELD POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; COTTON; HOSTS AB The tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens F., is one of the most important insect pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and other crops. In recent years tobacco budworm has been successfully controlled with Bacillus thuringiensis-expressing cottons but might acquire resistance to this bacterium insecticide. To test its susceptibility to B. thuringiensis, a large number of tobacco budworms should be evaluated. However, obtaining large numbers of this pest has proven difficult in recent years. Varieties of garbanzo, Cicer arietinum L., one of the most preferred hosts were tested against tobacco budworm in the field. Sierra, C-104, and Annigeri varieties that can harbor >= 10 late-instar tobacco budworm larvae per meter of row and can withstand the biotic and abiotic conditions of northwestern Mississippi, were identified as good hosts for tobacco budworm. This information is of value for obtaining sufficient samples of tobacco budworms for multiple purposes and can serve as a baseline for evaluating varieties of garbanzo for commercial purposes. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Abel, Craig A.] ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Teran-Vargas, Antonio P.] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Cuauhtemoc 89610, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.3958/059.034.0105 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 429SY UT WOS:000264941600005 ER PT J AU Elzen, GW Pfannenstiel, RS AF Elzen, G. W. Pfannenstiel, R. S. TI Extreme Susceptibility of Hibana futilis Spiderlings to Selected Insecticides in a Laboratory Bioassay SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDES; APPLE; RESIDUES; CITRUS; TESTS C1 [Elzen, G. W.; Pfannenstiel, R. S.] ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, GW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.3958/059.034.0111 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 429SY UT WOS:000264941600011 ER PT J AU Hodis, HN Mack, WJ Dustin, L Mahrer, PR Azen, SP Detrano, R Selhub, J Alaupovic, P Liu, CR Liu, CH Hwang, J Wilcox, AG Selzer, RH AF Hodis, Howard N. Mack, Wendy J. Dustin, Laurie Mahrer, Peter R. Azen, Stanley P. Detrano, Robert Selhub, Jacob Alaupovic, Petar Liu, Chao-ran Liu, Ci-hua Hwang, Juliana Wilcox, Alison G. Selzer, Robert H. CA BVAIT Res Grp TI High-Dose B Vitamin Supplementation and Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis A Randomized Controlled Trial SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; computed tomography; folate; homocysteine; intima media thickness; randomized controlled trials; vitamin B(12); vitamin B(6); folic acid ID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ULTRAFAST COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLIC-ACID; VASCULAR-DISEASE; ARTERY-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; FOLATE; HOMOCYST(E)INE AB Background and Purpose-Although plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, it remains unclear whether homocysteine is a cause or a marker of atherosclerotic vascular disease. We determined whether reduction of tHcy levels with B vitamin supplementation reduces subclinical atherosclerosis progression. Methods-In this double-blind clinical trial, 506 participants 40 to 89 years of age with an initial tHcy >8.5 mu mol/L without diabetes and cardiovascular disease were randomized to high-dose B vitamin supplementation (5 mg folic acid+0.4 mg vitamin B(12) + 50 mg vitamin B(6)) or matching placebo for 3.1 years. Subclinical atherosclerosis progression across 3 vascular beds was assessed using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography to measure carotid artery intima media thickness (primary outcome) and multidetector spiral CT to measure aortic and coronary artery calcium (secondary outcome). Results-Although the overall carotid artery intima media thickness progression rate was lower with B vitamin supplementation than with placebo, statistically significant between-group differences were not found (P=0.31). However, among subjects with baseline tHcy >= 9.1 mu mol/L, those randomized to B vitamin supplementation had a statistically significant lower average rate of carotid artery intima media thickness progression compared with placebo (P = 0.02); among subjects with a baseline tHcy <9.1 mu mol/L, there was no significant treatment effect (probability value for treatment interaction=0.02). B vitamin supplementation had no effect on progression of aortic or coronary artery calcification overall or within subgroups. Conclusion-High-dose B vitamin supplementation significantly reduces progression of early-stage subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid artery intima media thickness) in well-nourished healthy B vitamin "replete" individuals at low risk for cardiovascular disease with a fasting tHcy >= 9.1 mu mol/L. (Stroke. 2009; 40: 730-736.) C1 [Hodis, Howard N.; Mack, Wendy J.; Dustin, Laurie; Azen, Stanley P.; Liu, Chao-ran; Liu, Ci-hua; Hwang, Juliana; Selzer, Robert H.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Hodis, Howard N.; Mack, Wendy J.; Dustin, Laurie; Azen, Stanley P.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Hodis, Howard N.; Liu, Chao-ran; Liu, Ci-hua] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Hodis, Howard N.; Hwang, Juliana] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Hodis, Howard N.; Hwang, Juliana] Univ So Calif, Sch Pharm, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Toxicol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Mahrer, Peter R.] Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90034 USA. [Detrano, Robert] Harbor Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Dept Vitamin Metab & Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Alaupovic, Petar] Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Selzer, Robert H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hodis, HN (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Atherosclerosis Res Unit, 2250 Alcazar St,CSC132, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM athero@usc.edu FU National Institute on Aging [R01AG-17160]; National Institutes of Health FX This study was supported by grant R01AG-17160 from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. Leiner Health Products provided the B vitamin supplements and placebo. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD MAR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3 BP 730 EP 736 DI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.526798 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 410PN UT WOS:000263590200025 PM 19118243 ER PT J AU Iwata, H Ebana, K Fukuoka, S Jannink, JL Hayashi, T AF Iwata, Hiroyoshi Ebana, Kaworu Fukuoka, Shuichi Jannink, Jean-Luc Hayashi, Takeshi TI Bayesian multilocus association mapping on ordinal and censored traits and its application to the analysis of genetic variation among Oryza sativa L. germplasms SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; QUALITATIVE TRAITS; VARIABLE SELECTION; RICE POPULATION; FLOWERING TIME; COMPLEX TRAITS; LOCI; GENOME; DIVERSITY; QTLS AB Association mapping can be a powerful tool for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTLs) without requiring line-crossing experiments. We previously proposed a Bayesian approach for simultaneously mapping multiple QTLs by a regression method that directly incorporates estimates of the population structure. In the present study, we extended our method to analyze ordinal and censored traits, since both types of traits are common in the evaluation of germplasm collections. Ordinal-probit and tobit models were employed to analyze ordinal and censored traits, respectively. In both models, we postulated the existence of a latent continuous variable associated with the observable data, and we used a Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample the latent variable and determine the model parameters. We evaluated the efficiency of our approach by using simulated- and real-trait analyses of a rice germplasm collection. Simulation analyses based on real marker data showed that our models could reduce both false-positive and false-negative rates in detecting QTLs to reasonable levels. Simulation analyses based on highly polymorphic marker data, which were generated by coalescent simulations, showed that our models could be applied to genotype data based on highly polymorphic marker systems, like simple sequence repeats. For the real traits, we analyzed heading date as a censored trait and amylose content and the shape of milled rice grains as ordinal traits. We found significant markers that may be linked to previously reported QTLs. Our approach will be useful for whole-genome association mapping of ordinal and censored traits in rice germplasm collections. C1 [Iwata, Hiroyoshi] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Data Min & Grid Res Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan. [Ebana, Kaworu; Fukuoka, Shuichi] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, QTL Genom Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holly Ctr Agr & Hlth, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hayashi, Takeshi] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Lab Anim Genome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050901, Japan. RP Iwata, H (reprint author), Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Data Min & Grid Res Team, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan. EM iwatah@affrc.go.jp NR 61 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 118 IS 5 BP 865 EP 880 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0945-6 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 414YD UT WOS:000263900200003 PM 19132337 ER PT J AU Zwonitzer, JC Bubeck, DM Bhattramakki, D Goodman, MM Arellano, C Balint-Kurti, PJ AF Zwonitzer, John C. Bubeck, David M. Bhattramakki, Dinakar Goodman, Major M. Arellano, Consuelo Balint-Kurti, Peter J. TI Use of selection with recurrent backcrossing and QTL mapping to identify loci contributing to southern leaf blight resistance in a highly resistant maize line SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MAYDIS RACE-O; CHLOROTIC-LESION RESISTANCE; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-MAYDIS; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; BIPOLARIS-MAYDIS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PARENTAL LINES; CORN; POPULATION AB B73 is a historically important maize line with excellent yield potential but high susceptibility to the foliar disease southern leaf blight (SLB). NC292 and NC330 are B73 near-isogenic lines (NILs) that are highly resistant to SLB. They were derived by repeated backcrossing of an elite source of SLB resistance (NC250P) to B73, with selection for SLB resistance among and within backcross families. The goal of this paper was to characterize the loci responsible for the increased SLB resistance of NC292 and NC330 and to determine how many of the SLB disease resistance quantitative trait loci (dQTL) were selected for in the development of NC292 and NC330. Genomic regions that differentiated NC292 and NC330 from B73 and which may contribute to NC292 and NC330s enhanced SLB resistance were identified. Ten NC250P-derived introgressions were identified in both the NC292 and NC330 genomes of which eight were shared between genomes. dQTL were mapped in two F(2:3) populations derived from lines very closely related to the original parents of NC292 and NC330-(B73rhm1 x NC250A and NC250A x B73). Nine SLB dQTL were mapped in the combined populations using combined SLB disease data over all locations (SLB AllLocs). Of these, four dQTL precisely colocalized with NC250P introgressions in bins 2.05-2.06, 3.03, 6.01, and 9.02 and three were identified near NC250P introgressions in bins 1.09, 5.05-5.06, and 10.03. Therefore the breeding program used to develop NC292 and NC330 was highly effective in selecting for multiple SLB resistance alleles. C1 [Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Arellano, Consuelo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Goodman, Major M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bubeck, David M.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Zwonitzer, John C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Peter.Balint-Kurti@ars.usda.gov OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X FU USDA-ARS; NCSU; CGIAR Generation Challenge Program FX The authors would like to thank the following people who helped with various aspects of the research: James Holland, Randy Wisser, Paul Nelson, Nate Coles, Sherry Flint-Garcia, Araby Belcher, and David Rhyne. This work was funded by the USDA-ARS, NCSU, and by a grant from the CGIAR Generation Challenge Program. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 118 IS 5 BP 911 EP 925 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0949-2 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 414YD UT WOS:000263900200007 PM 19130030 ER PT J AU Ghislain, M Nunez, J Herrera, MD Spooner, DM AF Ghislain, Marc Nunez, Jorge Herrera, Maria del Rosario Spooner, David M. TI The single Andigenum origin of Neo-Tuberosum potato materials is not supported by microsatellite and plastid marker analyses SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; 6 CYCLES; SELECTION; ADAPTATION; EARLINESS AB Neo-Tuberosum refers to cultivated potato adapted to long-day tuberization and a syndrome of related morphological and physiological traits, developed by intercrossing and selection of short-day adapted potatoes of the Solanum tuberosum Andigenum Group, native from the Andes of western Venezuela to northern Argentina. This re-creation of the modern potato helped support the theory of an Andigenum Group origin of potato in temperate regions and the possibility to access the largely untapped diversity of the Andigenum Group germplasm by base broadening breeding. This Neo-Tuberosum derived theory, the re-creation of the modern potato from Andigenum germplasm, has been universally accepted for almost 40 years, and has had tremendous impact in planning some breeding programs and supporting phylogenetic conclusions in cultivated potato. We show, with microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) and plastid DNA marker data, that Neo-Tuberosum germplasm is closely related to Chilotanum Group landraces from lowland south-central Chile rather than to Andigenum Group germplasm. We interpret this quite unexpected result to be caused by strong rapid selection against the original Andigenum clones after unintended hybridization with Chilotanum Group germplasm. In addition, we show that Neo-Tuberosum and Andigenum Group germplasm did not serve to broaden the overall genetic diversity of advanced potato varieties, but rather that Neo-Tuberosum lines and lines not using this germplasm are statistically identical with regard to genetic diversity as assessed by SSRs. These results question the long-standing Neo-Tuberosum derived theory and have implications in breeding programs and phylogenetic reconstructions of potato. C1 [Ghislain, Marc; Nunez, Jorge; Herrera, Maria del Rosario] Int Potato Ctr CIP, Appl Biotechnol Lab, Lima 12, Peru. [Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, ARS,USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ghislain, M (reprint author), Int Potato Ctr CIP, Appl Biotechnol Lab, POB 1558, Lima 12, Peru. EM m.ghislain@cgiar.org FU Generation Challenge Program [SP1C2-2004-5]; International Potato Center; U. S. National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) [0316614] FX The authors are grateful to Enrique Grande for verifying and updating pedigree information and Dr. Shelley Janskyfor providing useful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. This research was supported by the Grant SP1C2-2004-5 from the Generation Challenge Program, the International Potato Center, and by U. S. National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) 0316614 entitled: a world-wide treatment of Solanum (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/solanaceaesource//). NR 46 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 118 IS 5 BP 963 EP 969 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0953-6 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 414YD UT WOS:000263900200011 PM 19132333 ER PT J AU Labate, JA Robertson, LD Wu, FN Tanksley, SD Baldo, AM AF Labate, Joanne A. Robertson, Larry D. Wu, Feinan Tanksley, Steven D. Baldo, Angela M. TI EST, COSII, and arbitrary gene markers give similar estimates of nucleotide diversity in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; SPLICED ALIGNMENT; BETA-CAROTENE; GENOMIC DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; ESCULENTUM; CLONING; LOCUS; CHROMOSOME-4 AB Because cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is low in genetic diversity, public, verified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within the species are in demand. To promote marker development we resequenced approximately 23 kb in a diverse set of 31 tomato lines including TA496. Three classes of markers were sampled: (1) 26 expressed-sequence tag (EST), all of which were predicted to be polymorphic based on TA496, (2) 14 conserved ortholog set II (COSII) or unigene, and (3) ten published sequences, composed of nine fruit quality genes and one anonymous RFLP marker. The latter two types contained mostly noncoding DNA. In total, 154 SNPs and 34 indels were observed. The distributions of nucleotide diversity estimates among marker types were not significantly different from each other. Ascertainment bias of SNPs was evaluated for the EST markers. Despite the fact that the EST markers were developed using SNP prediction within a sample consisting of only one TA496 allele and one additional allele, the majority of polymorphisms in the 26 EST markers were represented among the other 30 tomato lines. Fifteen EST markers with published SNPs were more closely examined for bias. Mean SNP diversity observations were not significantly different between the original discovery sample of two lines (53 SNPs) and the 31 line diversity panel (56 SNPs). Furthermore, TA496 shared its haplotype with at least one other line at 11 of the 15 markers. These data demonstrate that public EST databases and noncoding regions are a valuable source of unbiased SNP markers in tomato. C1 [Labate, Joanne A.; Robertson, Larry D.; Baldo, Angela M.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Wu, Feinan; Tanksley, Steven D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Labate, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM joanne.labate@ars.usda.gov FU CRIS [1907-21000-006-00D] FX We thank S. Sheffer, W. Lamboy, P. Kisly, T. Balch, and K. Timmer for excellent technical assistance. Dr. D. Spooner provided unpublished data for COSII markers, and Dr. J. Giovannoni provided primer sequences for rin. This work was funded by CRIS project 1907-21000-006-00D NR 68 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 118 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1014 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0957-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 414YD UT WOS:000263900200015 PM 19153710 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC Railsback, SF AF Harvey, Bret C. Railsback, Steven F. TI Exploring the Persistence of Stream-Dwelling Trout Populations under Alternative Real-World Turbidity Regimes with an Individual-Based Model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GRAYLING THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; NEW-ZEALAND; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SEASONAL TEMPERATURE; REACTIVE DISTANCE AB We explored the effects of elevated turbidity on stream-resident populations of coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii using a spatially explicit individual-based model. Turbidity regimes were contrasted by means of 15-year simulations in a third-order stream in northwestern California. The alternative regimes were based on multiple-year, continuous monitoring in two streams. Turbidity affected model fish by reducing both their risk of predation and their reactive distance to drifting prey. It did not affect their ability to locate nondrifting food, such as invertebrates on the stream bottom. Under a calibration scenario that assumed trout predominantly consume drifting prey, the less-turbid real-world regime produced relatively stable abundance across years (similar to field observations) whereas the more-turbid regime (under otherwise identical physical conditions) resulted in extinction within the 15-year simulation period. Additional simulations revealed sensitivity to the relative amounts of prey available via drift versus search feeding and showed that seasonal variation in food availability or strong positive relationships between streamflow and food concentration would not prevent extinction in the high-turbidity regime under a drift-feeding-based food calibration. Extinction of predominantly drift-feeding trout populations in our simulations contrasts with field observations of salmonid populations that have persisted in moderately turbid regimes. The results highlight the need for better understanding of patterns in the availability of food under turbid conditions and the capability of stream salmonids to use nonvisual cues in feeding. C1 [Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Railsback, Steven F.] Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@humboldt.edu OI Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 138 IS 2 BP 348 EP 360 DI 10.1577/T08-068.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EI UT WOS:000268501000010 ER PT J AU Evans, RG Alshami, AS AF Evans, R. G. Alshami, A. S. TI PULSE JET ORCHARD HEATER SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: PART I. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPTIMIZATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cold temperature modification; Frost protection; Noise reduction; Pulse combustion; Twin combustor; Tree crops; Vineyards AB The objective of this six-year project was to develop a more efficient and effective supplemental orchard field heater technology. In addition to being low-cost and mobile, these devices should be useable with or without wind machines, reduce labor requirements, and greatly reduce air pollutants compared to conventional orchard heating systems. The new generation orchard heaters that were developed in this process are portable, auto-regulating, horizontal pulse jet engines (combustors) with no moving parts. These devices utilize air ejector technology to reduce the temperature of the high-velocity combustion stream by thoroughly mixing it with the surrounding ambient (cold) air; producing a net effective temperature increase of only 2 degrees C to 5 degrees C above ambient. Buoyant forces of warm air are therefore small, and fewer heaters would be needed. The design achieved pressure oscillations that were free of combustion instabilities, and amplitudes were maximized for high exhaust jet velocities for deep hot jet penetration and mixing into the surrounding cold air The overall size and weight of the heater system were minimized while maintaining optimum operation. Finally, anti-phase operation of paired heaters for noise level reduction from 130 dB to near 75 dB was achieved by implementing optimized silencing plenums at the inlet and exhaust of the paired heaters. C1 [Evans, R. G.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Alshami, A. S.] Pace Int LLC, Wapato, WI USA. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Robert.Evans@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Technology Center and Washington State University; Orchard-Rite, Inc. FX Financial support from the Washington Technology Center and Washington State University is gratefully acknowledged. A special thanks to Dr. Stanislaw Wojcicki, Professor Emeritus, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, for his insight and enthusiastic, helpful support of this effort. Generous financial and technical support by Mr. Daryl Hill and Mr. Rod Robert with Orchard-Rite, Inc., is greatly appreciated. This project and the data collection would not have been possible without the support and dedication of Mr. Wayne Dewitt, machinist, Mr. Michael Mahan, agricultural technician, and Mr. Marty Kroeger, engineering technician. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400001 ER PT J AU Alshami, AS Evans, RG AF Alshami, A. S. Evans, R. G. TI PULSE JET ORCHARD HEATER SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: PART II. SYSTEM SCALING AND APPLICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cold temperature modification; Frost protection; Orchard heater; Pulse combustion; Scaling; Vineyards ID WIND MACHINE; COMBUSTION AB This article reports the results of a six-year project in which all efficient and effective supplemental orchard field heater system was successfully developed. In addition to being low-cost and mobile, the criteria met by this system design included: (1) usage with or without wind machines or as stand-alone units, (2) reduced labor requirements, and (3) reduced air pollutants compared to conventional supplemental, fossil fuel combustion orchard heating systems. The resulting new generation heaters were portable, auto-regulating, horizontal pulse jet engines (combustors) with no moving parts. Scaling criteria were formulated and utilized for fabrication of various sizes of portable horizontal pulse jet engines optimized for stable operation. Scale-up parameters for multiple sizes of these combustor systems for agricultural heating and frost protection purposes were both theoretically and qualitatively described. Theoretical and empirical approaches resulted in similarity parameters that played an important role in the scale-up for field applications. The scaled and optimized heater prototypes were constructed and field tested. Experimental results confirmed the applicability of using both gaseous and liquid propane as fuel supplies. Detailed field testing showed that mixing of warm air by the high-velocity exhaust stream into cold air (0 to 4 m height) was quite effective in reducing buoyant heat losses. Pulse jet heater prototypes were also tested under orchard conditions and found to circumvent the many disadvantages of conventional oil and liquid propane (LP) gas orchard heating systems, especially when used in combination with wind machines. C1 [Evans, R. G.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Alshami, A. S.] Pace Int LLC, Wapato, WA USA. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Robert.Evans@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Technology Center; Orchard-Rite, Inc.,; Washington State University FX Financial support from the Washington Technology Center, Orchard-Rite, Inc., and Washington State University is gratefully acknowledged. A special thanks to Dr. Stanislaw Wojcicki, Professor Emeritus, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, for his insight and enthusiastic, helpful support of this effort. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 345 EP 355 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400002 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Raper, RL Arriaga, FJ Schwab, EB Bergtold, JS AF Kornecki, T. S. Raper, R. L. Arriaga, F. J. Schwab, E. B. Bergtold, J. S. TI IMPACT OF RYE ROLLING DIRECTION AND DIFFERENT NO-TILL ROW CLEANERS ON COTTON EMERGENCE AND YIELD SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cover crop; Conservation system; Economics; Roller/crimper; Row cleaner; Rolling direction ID COVER CROPS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; REDUCING VIBRATION; SOIL; PERFORMANCE AB Cover crops have been recognized as a vital component of conservation agriculture. However, cover crops must produce substantial biomass to be effective. Because of the large amount of residue produced by many cover crops, they must be managed appropriately to avoid planting problems. Roller-crimpers have been used to manage cover crops by flattening them and creating a thick mat over the soil surface. A study was conducted to determine the effect of different rolling directions (parallel, diagonal., and perpendicular to cotton planting direction) using a roller/crimper, three different commercial row cleaners (Dawn, Dawn without coulter, and Yetter), and no row cleaner on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stand emergence rate, yield, and net returns. The study was conducted at two Alabama locations with a replicated strip plot design. Presented results illustrate two growing and harvest seasons (2004 and 2005). Rye (Secale cereale L.) was chosen as the cover crop due to its potential to produce large amounts of biomass and its popularity with A labama producers. Rye was rolled at the soft dough growth stage and terminated using Roundup (glyphosate). Data showed that parallel rolling with respect to the planting direction for cotton produced the highest cotton stand and yield in both years. In 2004, the Yetter row cleaner resulted in higher cotton stand and yield for both locations when compared with the Dawn row cleaner However, in 2005, the Dawn row cleaner resulted in a greater cotton yield than the Yetter. Based on the emergence rate index (ERI), the most rapid emergence was observed with parallel rolling and both row cleaners. The slowest emergence rate was observed with perpendicular and diagonal rolling and no row cleaners. Parallel rolling minimized accumulated rye residue on the row cleaners and minimized the cleaning time for the row cleaners. General findings from this research are: for tall rye producing large biomass, parallel rolling and Dawn or Yetter row cleaners are recommended. For shorter rye producing low biomass, no row cleaners were required for rolled rye with the parallel rolling direction, or cotton could be planted into standing rye using Dawn or Yetter row cleaners. Regardless of the height and amount of rye residue and the row cleaner type, the perpendicular and diagonal rolling directions arc, not recommended. C1 [Kornecki, T. S.; Raper, R. L.; Arriaga, F. J.; Schwab, E. B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Bergtold, J. S.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tkornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 383 EP 391 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400006 ER PT J AU Shinners, KJ Huenink, BM Muck, RE Albrecht, KA AF Shinners, K. J. Huenink, B. M. Muck, R. E. Albrecht, K. A. TI STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE ROUND AND SQUARE ALFALFA BALES: LOW-MOISTURE WRAPPED BALES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa; Bales; Ensiling; Round bales; Silage; Wrapping ID SILAGE QUALITY; DRY-MATTER; DENSITY AB Substantial dry matter (DM) and quality losses have been reported for partially dried alfalfa that has been rained on before moisture reduction to levels acceptable for dry hay storage. The objective of this research was to determine the feasibility of preserving alfalfa bated at less than 45% moisture (w.b.) by wrapping in plastic film. Large round and large square bales were preserved as individually wrapped or tube wrapped silage bales at two moisture ranges: approximately 40% to 55% and 30% to 40% w.b. The tube wrap system was 50% more productive while requiring 43% less plastic compared to individually wrapped bales. Storage characteristics were quantified by DM loss, change in nutrient composition, fermentation products, and heating after removal from storage. Average DM loss during storage was 3.5% and 2.3% for the high and low moisture ranges, respectively. There were generally no significant differences in DM losses or nutrient retention between round and square bales, bales wrapped individually or in a tube, or high and low moisture ranges. Fermentation products were significantly affected only by initial moisture content. Heating rate of the low moisture silage bales after removal from storage was acceptable, taking seven or more days to heat to 35 T. Although below the moisture range usually considered acceptable for chopped silage in bunk or bag silos, preservation of bales at both moisture ranges was excellent despite the low production of desirable fermentation products. C1 [Shinners, K. J.; Huenink, B. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Muck, R. E.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Albrecht, K. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shinners, KJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kjshinne@wisc.edu FU University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, John Deere Ottumwa Works, Presto Products, BP Plastics, Harvest Tec; U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center (USDA-ARS) FX This research was partially sponsored by the University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, John Deere Ottumwa Works, Presto Products, BP Plastics, Harvest Tec, and the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center (USDA-ARS). This research could not have been completed without the assistance of the staff of the Arlington Agricultural Research Station. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 401 EP 407 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400008 ER PT J AU Shinners, KJ Huenink, BM Muck, RE Albrecht, KA AF Shinners, K. J. Huenink, B. M. Muck, R. E. Albrecht, K. A. TI STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE ROUND ALFALFA BALES: DRY HAY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa; Bales; Film warp; Losses; Net wrap; Round bales; Twine AB Losses of forage dry matter (DM) and quality in large round bales of alfalfa stored outdoors can be substantial. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of wrap type and storage method oil the preservation of dry alfalfa bales stored outdoors. Several methods to wrap large round dry hay bales of alfalfa/grass and grass/alfalfa were investigated, including sisal twine (ST), plastic twine (PT), to-edge net wrap (TEN), cover-edge net wrap (CEN), plastic bale covers (BC) and indoor storage (IS). Some outdoor storage treatments were split between storing either directly on the ground or oil a well-drained surface. Storage characteristics were quantified by moisture in the outer layer versus time, final moisture distribution, DM loss, and nutrient retention. Storage length was either 5 or 11 months. Net wrap bales consistently had lower moisture in the outer layer and lower DM loss than twine wrapped bales. Net wrapped bales shed more water than twine wrapped bales, so storing on a well-drained surface was important to reduce damage to the bottom of the bale. Average DM loss across all trials was 19.5%, 11.3%, and 7.3% of DM for ST, PT, and TEN/CEN treatments, respectively. Compared to other treatments, DM losses were significantly less for BC and IS bales. Storing oil a well-drained surface reduced DM losses for all treatments. Net wrapped bales tended to have better nutrient retention in the outer layer than twine wrapped bales, but nutrient retention in the bale core was unaffected by wrapping or storage treatment. Wrapping with net wrap increased baling productivity by 32% and reduced losses during wrapping by 65% compared to wrapping with twine. Wrapping bales of alfalfa with a mesh net wrap and storing on a well-drained surface will substantially reduce losses of forage DM and quality compared to wrapping bales with twine. C1 [Shinners, K. J.; Huenink, B. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Muck, R. E.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Albrecht, K. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shinners, KJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kjshinne@wisc.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 409 EP 418 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400009 ER PT J AU Boykin, JC Armijo, CB Whitelock, DP Buser, MD Holt, GA Valco, TD Findley, DS Barnes, EM Watson, MD AF Boykin, J. C. Armijo, C. B. Whitelock, D. P. Buser, M. D. Holt, G. A. Valco, T. D. Findley, D. S. Barnes, E. M. Watson, M. D. TI FRACTIONATION OF FOREIGN MATTER IN GINNED LINT BEFORE AND AFTER LINT CLEANING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cleaner; Cleaning; Cotton; Fractionation; Funiculi; Leaf; Lint; MDTA-3; Mote; Seed coat fragment; Stick; Trash ID COTTON AB One goal of lint cleaning at a cotton gin is to reduce the non-lint material to an acceptable level with minimal fiber damage. In an effort to improve lint cleaner performance, an initial study was conducted on lint collected before and after lint cleaning at nine commercial gins across the cotton belt to characterize non-lint content. Samples front this study were first processed with an MDTA-3 (Micro Dust and Trash Analyzer 3, SDL Atlas, Stockport, U.K.) to determine trash, fiber fragment, and dust content. The trash portion was retained for additional manual fractionation to determine the percent of material classified as seed coat fragments (SCF), motes, funiculi, sticks, leaf, bark, lint, and "other" material. Leaf, SCF, and sticks were the largest fractions, accounting for 81% of the total trash sample. Overall, total trash decreased by 57% due to lint cleaning, and trash fractions remained consistent in samples before and after lint cleaning. Lint cleaning efficiency in terms of SCF was less than the overall cleaning efficiency, and lint cleaning efficiency for bark, mote, and other (all minor components) was higher than the overall cleaning efficiency. The lint cleaning efficiency for SCF was increased significantly when higher SCF levels were found before the lint cleaner, but this trend was not found for other fractions. Results of this experiment will help direct future studies to improve lint cleaning. C1 [Boykin, J. C.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Armijo, C. B.; Whitelock, D. P.] ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Buser, M. D.; Holt, G. A.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Valco, T. D.] ARS, USDA, Off Technol Transfer, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Findley, D. S.] So Southeastern Inc, Dawsonville, GA USA. [Watson, M. D.] Cotton Inc, Fiber Competit, Cary, NC USA. RP Boykin, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM clif.boykin@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 419 EP 426 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400010 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Eghball, B Marx, DB AF Gilley, J. E. Eghball, B. Marx, D. B. TI ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION OF PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN BY IMMERSED STALKS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Corti; Crop residue; Nitrogen movement; Nutrient losses; Overland flow; Phosphorus; Runoff; Soybean; Water quality; Wheat ID RUNOFF FOLLOWING MANURE; WHEAT-STRAW RESIDUES; CROP RESIDUE; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-CARBON; RAINFALL; MINERALIZATION; COMPOST; NITRATE AB Adsorption and desorption of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) by stalk residues may influence the concentrations of P and N in runoff. A laboratory study was conducted to measure the effects of P and N constituents in solution on adsorption and desorption of P and N by corn, soybean, and wheat stalk residues. Experimental variables included type of stalk material (corn, soybean, and wheat), inorganic nutrients in solution (PO(4)-P and NO(3)-N; PO(4)-P and NH(4)-N; NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N; and PO(4)-P, NO(3)-N, and NH(4)-N), solution concentration (0, 6, 12, and 24 mu g g(-1) residue), and stalk immersion period (25, 250, 2500, 25000, and 86400 s). The initial concentration of each of the P and N constituents in a particular test solution was the same (0, 6, 12 or 24 mu g mL(-1)). Corti-stalk residues released PO(4)-P, NO(3)-N, and NH(4)-N. The quantity of PO(4)-P released generally increased as the length of time the corn stalks were immersed became greater. The presence of P and N constituents in solution in general did not affect the quantity of NO(3)-N released by corn-stalk residues. Soybean-stalk residues released PO(4)-P and adsorbed relatively small amounts of NH(4)-N. Wheat-stalk residues released PO(4)-P and adsorbed NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N. The presence of stalk residues, P or N solution concentration, and residue immersion period may influence P and N concentrations of overland flow. The amount of P and N adsorbed or desorbed by residue materials can be significantly different if more than one nutrient constituent is present in solution. C1 [Gilley, J. E.; Eghball, B.] Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, 251 Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 429 EP 436 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400011 ER PT J AU Zhang, JX Wu, JQ Chang, K Elliot, WJ Dun, S AF Zhang, J. X. Wu, J. Q. Chang, K. Elliot, W. J. Dun, S. TI EFFECTS OF DEM SOURCE AND RESOLUTION ON WEPP HYDROLOGIC AND EROSION SIMULATION: A CASE STUDY OF TWO FOREST WATERSHEDS IN NORTHERN IDAHO SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE DEM; Forest watershed; GIS; LIDAR; Water erosion modeling; WEPP ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; AIRBORNE LIDAR AB The recent modification of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model has improved its applicability to hydrology and erosion modeling in forest watersheds. To generate reliable topographic and hydrologic inputs for the WEPP model, carefully selecting digital elevation models (DEMs) with appropriate resolution and accuracy is essential because topography is a major factor controlling water erosion. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) provides an alternative technology to photogrammetry for generating fine-resolution and high-quality DEMs. fit this study, WEPP (v2006.201) was applied to hydrological and erosion simulation for two small forest watersheds in northern Idaho. Data oil stream flow and total suspended solids (TSS) in these watersheds were collected and processed. A total of six DEMs front the National Elevation Dataset (NED), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and LIDAR at three resolutions (30 m, 10 in, and 4 m) were obtained and used to calculate topographic parameters as inputs to the WEPP model. WEPP-simulated hydrologic and erosion results using the six DEMs were contrasted and then compared with field observations. For the study watersheds, DEMs with different resolutions and sources generated varied topographic and hydrologic attributes, which in turn led to significantly different erosion simulations. WEPP v2006.201 using the 10 m LIDAR DEM (vs. using other DEMs) produced a total amount of as well as seasonal patterns of watershed discharge and sediment yield that were closest to field observations. C1 [Zhang, J. X.] Fitchburg State Coll, Dept Geo Phys Sci, Fitchburg, MA 01420 USA. [Wu, J. Q.; Dun, S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chang, K.] Kainan Univ, Dept Tourism, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. [Elliot, W. J.] Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Moscow, ID USA. RP Zhang, JX (reprint author), Fitchburg State Coll, Dept Geo Phys Sci, Fitchburg, MA 01420 USA. EM xzhang2@fsc.edu NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 447 EP 457 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400013 ER PT J AU Baffaut, C Benson, VW AF Baffaut, C. Benson, V. W. TI MODELING FLOW AND POLLUTANT TRANSPORT IN A KARST WATERSHED WITH SWAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Fecal coliform; Groundwater; Hydrology; Karst; Modeling; Model performance; Phosphorus; Recharge; SWAT; Watershed ID RECHARGE AB Karst hydrology is characterized by multiple springs, sinkholes, and losing streams resulting from acidic water percolating through limestone. These features provide direct connections between surface water and groundwater and increase the risk of groundwater, spring, and stream contamination. Anthropogenic activities (agriculture, tourism, urban and residential areas) accentuate the contamination potentials. The objectives of this article arc, to present a modification of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (version 2005) that allows faster percolation through the soil substrate and recharge of the aquifer. This addition was necessary to simulate quick movement of water through vertical conduits that characterize karst topography. The model was calibrated for the James River basin, a large watershed (3,600 km(2)) in southwest Missouri. Losing streams were simulated by specifying high soil conductivities in the channels, and sinkholes were simulated as ponds with a high hydraulic conductivity at the bottom. Results indicated that the changes improved the partition of stream flow between surface and return flow. Water quality results indicated that the SWAT model can be used to simulate the frequency of occurrence of pollutant concentrations and daily loads. This case study highlights the possibilities and limitations in modeling flow and water pollutant movement in a karst watershed. C1 [Baffaut, C.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, CSWQRU, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Benson, V. W.] Univ Missouri, Extens Water Qual Program, Watershed Sci & Stewardship Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Baffaut, C (reprint author), Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, CSWQRU, 241 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Claire.baffaut@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 469 EP 479 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400015 ER PT J AU Lesch, SM Suarez, DL AF Lesch, S. M. Suarez, D. L. TI A SHORT NOTE ON CALCULATING THE ADJUSTED SAR INDEX SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Adjusted SAR; Salinity; Sodium hazard; Water quality ID IRRIGATION WATERS; SODIUM HAZARD; SOIL AB A simple algebraic technique is presented for computing the adjusted sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) index. The statistical formula presented in this note facilitates the computation of the adjusted SAR without the use of a look-up table, custom computer software, or the need to compute exact individual ion activity coefficients and complexes. A short data analysis example is also presented that demonstrates the application of this technique. C1 [Lesch, S. M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Stat Consulting, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Suarez, D. L.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Lesch, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Stat Consulting, 2683 Stat Comp Bldg, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM scott.lesch@ucr.edu NR 8 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400018 ER PT J AU Qin, J Lu, R Peng, Y AF Qin, J. Lu, R. Peng, Y. TI PREDICTION OF APPLE INTERNAL QUALITY USING SPECTRAL ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING PROPERTIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Apple; Firmness; Fruit; Hyperspectral imaging; Quality; Soluble solids; Spectroscopy ID TIME-RESOLVED REFLECTANCE; INFRARED DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; TISSUE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NONINVASIVE DETERMINATION; FIRMNESS; SPECTROSCOPY; COEFFICIENTS; FRUITS AB The objective of this research was to measure the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients (mu(a) and mu'(s), respectively) of apples using a newly developed spatially resolved hyperspectral imaging technique and relate them to fruit firmness and soluble solids content (SSC). Spatially resolved hyperspectral scattering images were acquired for 600 'Golden Delicious' apples, and values for mu(a) and mu'(s), were determined using an inverse algorithm to fit the spectral scattering profiles with a diffusion theory model over the wavelengths of 500-1000 nm. The absorption spectra were characterized by two predominant peaks around 675 nm and 970 nm due to the presence of chlorophylls and water in the fruit, respectively. Values of mu'(s) for most apples decreased with the increasing wavelength. Both mu(a), and mu'(s), were correlated to fruit firmness and SSC, but higher correlations were obtained with mu(a) than with mu'(s). The combined data of mu(a) and mu'(s), gave better predictions of fruit firmness and SSC with values for the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.857 and 0.754, respectively. In comparison, a simpler method of calculating relative mean spectra from the hyperspectral scattering profiles gave comparable firmness predictions (r = 0.844) and better SSC predictions (r = 0.864). The spatially resolved technique provides an efficient means for measuring the optical properties of fruit, and it is also useful for assessing fruit quality attributes. C1 [Lu, R.] Michigan State Univ, ARS, USDA, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Qin, J.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Qin, J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Peng, Y.] China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, ARS, USDA, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 224 Farral Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM renfu.lu@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 499 EP 507 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400019 ER PT J AU Wanjura, JD Faulkner, WB Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Capareda, SC Lacey, RE AF Wanjura, J. D. Faulkner, W. B. Parnell, C. B., Jr. Shaw, B. W. Capareda, S. C. Lacey, R. E. TI SOURCE SAMPLING OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM COTTON HARVESTING: SYSTEM FIELD TESTING AND EMISSION FACTOR DEVELOPMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Emission factor; Harvesting; Isokinetic sampling; Particulate matter; PSD ID DESIGN AB Emission factors are used in the air pollution regulatory process to quantify the mass of pollutants emitted from a source. Accurate emission factors must be used in the air pollution regulatory process to ensure fair and appropriate regulation for all sources. Agricultural sources, including cotton production operations, are not exempt from air quality regulation. Particulate matter (PM) emissions from agricultural operations are difficult to quantify due to the physical characteristics of emission source, particle size distribution of the PM emitted, and natural dispersion of emissions into the environment. These factors have introduced substantial amounts of uncertainty into previous emission factor estimates from cotton harvesting operations. This article documents a new protocol for measuring PM emissions onboard a cotton harvester using a novel source sampling system and reports total suspended particulate (TSP), PM(10), and PM(2.5) emission factors developed using the new protocol. The average systematic uncertainty of the measured emission rates is 2.78%. Significant correlations were observed between test plot yield and TSP, PM(10), and PM(2.5) emission rates, indicating that it is appropriate to report emission factors on a mass of PM emitted per mass of cotton harvested basis. The area-based TSP, PM(10), and PM(2.5) emission factors developed in this work are 1.64, 0.55, and 1.58E-03 kg ha(-1), respectively (1.46, 0.49, and 1.41E-03 lb ac(-1), respectively). In terms of PM emitted per harvested cotton mass, the TSP, PM(10), and PM(2.5) emission factors are 0.22, 0.07, and 2.15E-4 kg bale(-1), respectively (0.48, 0.15, and 4.74E-4 lb bale(-1), respectively). C1 [Wanjura, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Faulkner, W. B.; Parnell, C. B., Jr.; Capareda, S. C.; Lacey, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Shaw, B. W.] Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA. RP Wanjura, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM John.Wanjura@ars.usda.gov FU John Deere - Des Moines Works; Cotton Incorporated; Cotton Foundation FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge John Deere - Des Moines Works, Cotton Incorporated, and The Cotton Foundation for their financial support for this project. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 591 EP 597 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400029 ER PT J AU Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM Murden, D AF Yang, C. Everitt, J. H. Bradford, J. M. Murden, D. TI COMPARISON OF AIRBORNE MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY FOR ESTIMATING GRAIN SORGHUM YIELD SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 17-20, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Hyperspectral imagery; Multispectral imagery; Narrow-band NDVI; Principal component; QuickBird imagery; Yield estimation ID VIDEO IMAGING-SYSTEM; CROP MANAGEMENT; MONITOR DATA; COTTON; VARIABILITY; REFLECTANCE AB Both multispectral and hyperspectral images are being used to monitor crop conditions and map yield variability, but limited research has been conducted to compare these two types of imagery for assessing crop growth and yields. The objective of this study was to compare airborne multispectral imagery with airborne hyperspectral imagery for mapping yield variability in grain sorghum fields. Airborne color-infrared (CIR) imagery and airborne hyperspectral imagery, along with yield monitor data collected from four fields were used in this study. Three-band imagery with wavebands corresponding to the collected CIR imagery and four-band imagery with wavebands similar to QuickBird satellite imagery were generated from the 102-band hyperspectral imagery All four types of imagery (two actual and two simulated) were aggregated to increase pixel size to match the yield data resolution. Principal components and all possible normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) were derived front each type of imagery and related to yield. Statistical analysis showed that the hyperspectral imagery accounted for more variability in yield than the other three types of multispectral imagery and that the best narrow-band NDVIs among the 5151 NDVIs derived from each hyperspectral image explained more variability than the best NDVIs derived from any of the actual or simulated multispectral images. These results indicate that hyperspectral imagery has the potential for improving yield estimation accuracy. C1 [Yang, C.; Everitt, J. H.; Bradford, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Murden, D.] Rio Farms Inc, Monte Alto, TX USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 641 EP 649 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400035 ER PT J AU Yoon, SC Lawrence, KC Siragusa, GR Line, JE Park, B Feldner, PW AF Yoon, S. C. Lawrence, K. C. Siragusa, G. R. Line, J. E. Park, B. Feldner, P. W. TI HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE IMAGING FOR DETECTING A FOODBORNE PATHOGEN: CAMPYLOBACTER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Agar; Blood agar; Campy-Cefex; Campy-Line agar; Campylobacter; Cefex; Contaminant; Food safety; Hyperspectral imaging; Non-Campylobacter; Pathogen detection AB This article is concerned with the development of a hyperspectral reflectance imaging technique for detecting and identifying one of the most common foodborne pathogens, Campylobacter Direct plating using agars is an effective tool for laboratory tests and analyses of microorganism. The morphology (size, growth pattern, color, etc.) of colonies grown oil agar plates has been widely used to tentatively differentiate organisms. However, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate target organisms like Campylobacters from other contaminants grown together on the same agar plates. A hyperspectral reflectance imaging system operating at the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectral region from 400 nm to 900 nm was set tip to measure spectral signatures of 17 different Campylobacter and non-Campylobacter subspecies. Protocols for culturing, imaging samples and for calibrating measured data were developed. The VNIR spectral library of all 17 organisms commonly encountered in poultry was established from calibrated hyperspectral reflectance images. A pattern classification algorithm was developed to locate and identify 48 It cultures of Campylobacter and non-Campylobacter contaminants oil background agars (blood agar and Campy-Cefex) with over 99% accuracy. The Bhattacharyya distance, a statistical separability measure, was used to predict the performance of the patient classification algorithm at a few wavelength bands chosen by the principal component analysis (PCA) band weightings. This research has a potential to be expanded to detect other pathogens grown on agar media. C1 [Yoon, S. C.; Lawrence, K. C.; Line, J. E.; Park, B.; Feldner, P. W.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Siragusa, G. R.] Agtech Prod Inc, Waukesha, WI USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM SeungChul.Yoon@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 651 EP 662 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 440YU UT WOS:000265736400036 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY Dail, DB Lee, JT Munger, JW O'Keefe, J AF Richardson, Andrew D. Hollinger, David Y. Dail, D. Bryan Lee, John T. Munger, J. William O'Keefe, John TI Influence of spring phenology on seasonal and annual carbon balance in two contrasting New England forests SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; bud burst; carbon dioxide; eddy covariance; growing season length; phenology; spring onset; start of spring ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CO2 EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM; FLUXNET MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BOREAL FOREST AB Spring phenology is thought to exert a major influence on the carbon (C) balance of temperate and boreal ecosystems. We investigated this hypothesis using four spring onset phenological indicators in conjunction with surface-atmosphere CO, exchange data from the conifer-dominated Howland Forest and deciduous-dominated Harvard Forest AmeriFlux sites. All phenological measures, including CO2 source-sink transition dates, could be well predicted on the basis of a simple two-parameter spring warming model, indicating good potential for improving the representation of phenological transitions and their dynamic responsiveness to climate variability in land Surface models. The date at which canopy-scale photosynthetic capacity reached a threshold value of 12 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) was better correlated with spring and annual flux integrals than were either deciduous or coniferous bud burst dates. For all phenological indicators, earlier spring onset consistently, but not always significantly, resulted in higher gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) for both seasonal (spring months, April-June) and annual flux integrals. The increase in RE was less than that in GPP; depending on the phenological indicator used, a one-day advance in spring onset increased springtime net ecosystem productivity (NEP) by 2-4 g C m(-2) day(-1). In general, we Could not detect significant differences between the two forest types in response to earlier spring, although the response to earlier spring was generally more pronounced for Harvard Forest than for Howland Forest, suggesting that future climate warming may favor deciduous species over coniferous species, at least in this region. The effect of earlier spring tended to be about twice as large when annual rather than springtime flux integrals were considered. This result is suggestive of both immediate and lagged effects of earlier spring onset on ecosystem C cycling, perhaps as a result of accelerated N cycling rates and cascading effects on N uptake, foliar N concentrations and photosynthetic capacity. C1 [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dail, D. Bryan; Lee, John T.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Envrionm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [O'Keefe, John] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrew.richardson@unh.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 FU Office of Science (BER); US Department of Energy; Terrestrial Carbon Program Under Interagency Agreement [DE-AI02-07ER64355]; Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research; Northeast Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreement [DE-FC02-03ER63613]; Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-03ER83751]; National Science Foundation LTER program [DEB-0080592] FX Research at the Howland Forest was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, through the Terrestrial Carbon Program Under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64355 and through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. Research at the Harvard Forest was Supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, through the Northeast Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-03ER63613 and the Terrestrial Carbon Program, Agreement No. DE-FG02-03ER83751, as well as by the National Science Foundation LTER program, Grant No. DEB-0080592. The Howland and Harvard multi-year CO2 flux and climate data sets are available at http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/Data/index.cfm Subject to AmeriFlux 'Fair-use' rules. NR 50 TC 147 Z9 157 U1 7 U2 79 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 321 EP 331 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpn040 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 442OD UT WOS:000265849600002 PM 19203967 ER PT J AU Cleveland, TE Yu, JJ Fedorova, N Bhatnagar, D Payne, GA Nierman, WC Bennett, JW AF Cleveland, Thomas E. Yu, Jiujiang Fedorova, Natalie Bhatnagar, Deepak Payne, Gary A. Nierman, William C. Bennett, Joan W. TI Potential of Aspergillus flavus genomics for applications in biotechnology SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENES; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SECONDARY METABOLISM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; PARASITICUS; FUMIGATUS; ORYZAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Aspergillus flavus is a common saprophyte and opportunistic pathogen that produces numerous secondary metabolites. The primary objectives of the A. flavus genomics program are to reduce and eliminate aflatoxin contamination in food and feed and to discover genetic factors that contribute to plant and animal pathogenicity. A. flavus expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and whole-genome sequencing have been completed. Annotation of the A. flavus genome has revealed numerous genes and gene clusters that are potentially involved in the formation of aflatoxin and other secondary metabolites, as well as in the degradation of complex carbohydrate polymers. Analysis of putative secondary metabolism pathways might facilitate the discovery of new compounds with pharmaceutical properties, as well as new enzymes for biomass degradation. C1 [Cleveland, Thomas E.; Yu, Jiujiang; Bhatnagar, Deepak] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Fedorova, Natalie; Nierman, William C.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Payne, Gary A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nierman, William C.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Bennett, Joan W.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Cleveland, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ed.cleveland@ars.usda.gov RI Abrams, Natalie/F-4845-2011 OI Abrams, Natalie/0000-0001-9698-2819 NR 66 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.11.008 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 420HF UT WOS:000264279000005 PM 19195728 ER PT J AU Archetti, M Doring, TF Hagen, SB Hughes, NM Leather, SR Lee, DW Lev-Yadun, S Manetas, Y Ougham, HJ Schaberg, PG Thomas, H AF Archetti, Marco Doering, Thomas F. Hagen, Snorre B. Hughes, Nicole M. Leather, Simon R. Lee, David W. Lev-Yadun, Simcha Manetas, Yiannis Ougham, Helen J. Schaberg, Paul G. Thomas, Howard TI Unravelling the evolution of autumn colours: an interdisciplinary approach SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID LEAF SENESCENCE; YOUNG LEAVES; HERBIVORE RESISTANCE; ANTHOCYANIC LEAVES; COEVOLUTION THEORY; QUERCUS-COCCIFERA; INSECT HERBIVORY; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; RED; COLORATION AB Leaf colour change is commonly observed in temperate deciduous forests in autumn. This is not simply a side effect of leaf senescence, and, in the past decade, several hypotheses have emerged to explain the evolution of autumn colours. Yet a lack of crosstalk between plant physiologists and evolutionary ecologists has resulted in slow progress, and so the adaptive value of this colour change remains a mystery. Here we provide an interdisciplinary summary of the current body of knowledge on autumn colours, and discuss unresolved issues and future avenues of research that might help reveal the evolutionary meaning of this spectacle of nature. C1 [Archetti, Marco] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Doering, Thomas F.; Leather, Simon R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Hagen, Snorre B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Hughes, Nicole M.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Lee, David W.] The Kampong, Natl Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33155 USA. [Lev-Yadun, Simcha] Univ Haifa, Dept Sci Educ Biol, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. [Manetas, Yiannis] Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Patras 26500, Greece. [Ougham, Helen J.; Thomas, Howard] Aberystwyth Univ, IBERS, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Dyfed, Wales. [Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Archetti, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM marco.archetti@zoo.ox.ac.uk RI Thomas, Howard/G-6812-2011; Hagen, Snorre/O-5220-2015; OI Hagen, Snorre/0000-0001-8289-7752; Doring, Thomas/0000-0001-9074-5978 FU St John's College and the Human Frontier Science Program; Deutsche Forschungsmeinschaft [DO1055/3-1]; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Leverhuhulme Trust FX M.A. is supported by St John's College and the Human Frontier Science Program; T.F.D. is Supported by Deutsche Forschungsmeinschaft (DFG, grant DO1055/3-1) H.J.O. acknowledges the support of the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; and H.T. is supported by the Leverhuhulme Trust. NR 70 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 15 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.10.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 425CS UT WOS:000264615200007 PM 19178979 ER PT J AU Pandiri, AR Gimeno, IM Reed, WM Fitzgerald, SD Fadly, AM AF Pandiri, A. R. Gimeno, I. M. Reed, W. M. Fitzgerald, S. D. Fadly, A. M. TI Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus-Induced Histiocytic Sarcomatosis Occurs Only in Persistently Viremic but Not Immunotolerized Meat-type Chickens SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chickens; histiocytic sarcoma; subgroup J avian leukosis virus; viral persistence ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIGENS; STRAIN AB The role of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV J) infection profile in the development of histiocytic sarcomatosis (HS) in chickens was evaluated using retrospective analysis of 2 experiments involving in ovo and at-hatch inoculation of commercial meat-type and ADOL line 0 chickens with 100 or 10,000 TCID(50) of various strains ALV J. HS was observed only in persistently viremic, meat-type chickens that were inoculated at hatch, but not in immunotolerized (persistently viremic, with no antibodies), in ovo inoculated chickens. However, the immunotolerized, in ovo inoculated chickens developed a high incidence of myeloid tumors. HS appeared to arise from the splenic ellipsoids and red pulp, and metastasized to liver, kidney, and other organs. The neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for ChL5, CD45, and MHC class II with multifocal infiltration of T and B lymphocytes. Expression of viral antigen gp85 within HS was very low compared with that noted in ALV J-induced myelocytomas. The above observations suggest that the mechanisms of oncogenesis of HS might be different from that of other ALV J-induced tumors. C1 [Pandiri, A. R.; Gimeno, I. M.; Fadly, A. M.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Pandiri, A. R.; Reed, W. M.; Fitzgerald, S. D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Lansing, MI USA. [Pandiri, A. R.; Gimeno, I. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reed, W. M.] Purdue Univ, Coll Vet Med, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM fadly@msu.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 282 EP 287 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 420AC UT WOS:000264259800014 PM 19261641 ER PT J AU Sabanadzovic, S Valverde, RA Brown, JK Martin, RR Tzanetakis, IE AF Sabanadzovic, Sead Valverde, Rodrigo A. Brown, Judith K. Martin, Robert R. Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. TI Southern tomato virus: The link between the families Totiviridae and Partitiviridae SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DsRNA; Detection; Sequences; Tomato; Totivirus; Partitivirus ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; STRANDED-RNA; DEGENERATE PRIMERS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOKNOT; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; DISEASE; DSRNA AB A dsRNA virus with a genome of 3.5 kb was isolated from field and green house-grown tomato plants of different cultivars and geographic locations in North America. Cloning and sequencing of the viral genome showed the presence of two partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), and a genomic organization resembling members of the family Totiviridae that comprises fungal and protozoan viruses, but not plant viruses. The 5'-proximal ORF codes for a 377 amino acid-long protein of unknown function, whereas the product of ORF2 contains typical rnotifs of an RNA-dependant RNA-polymerase and is likely expressed by a + 1 ribosomal frame shift. Despite the similarity in the genome organization with members of the family Totiviridae, this virus shared very limited sequence homology with known totiviruses or with other viruses. Repeated attempts to detect the presence of an endophytic fungus as the possible host of the virus failed, supporting its phytoviral nature. The virus was efficiently transmitted by seed but not mechanically and/or by grafting. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that this virus, for which the name Southern tomato virus (STV) is proposed, belongs to a partitivirus-like lineage and represents a species of a new taxon of plant viruses. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sabanadzovic, Sead] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Valverde, Rodrigo A.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, Judith K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Martin, Robert R.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Martin, Robert R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Sabanadzovic, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ss501@msstate.edu; itzaneta@uark.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009; OI Sabanadzovic, Sead/0000-0002-2995-2633 FU MSU; Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported partially by Research Initiation Project funds from MSU and Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station granted to S.S. and I.E.T., respectively. Approved for publication as journal Article No. J-11383 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.11.018 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 425PW UT WOS:000264650600018 PM 19118586 ER PT J AU Glanville, TD Ahn, HK Richard, TL Shiers, LE Harmon, JD AF Glanville, T. D. Ahn, H. K. Richard, T. L. Shiers, L. E. Harmon, J. D. TI Soil Contamination Caused by Emergency Bio-Reduction of Catastrophic Livestock Mortalities SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Livestock; Disposal; Composting; Burial; Soil; Pollution ID DISPOSAL; NUTRIENT; CARBON AB Catastrophic regional losses of poultry and livestock have caused environmental officials in North America to seek emergency on-farm disposal alternatives that pose less pollution risk to soil and shallow groundwater than burial. Bio-decomposition of remains followed by land application of the resulting product is used throughout the U.S. and Canada for management of routine poultry, swine, and cattle mortalities, and is often cited as being more environmentally friendly than burial since it recycles nutrients and other potential pollutants into the topsoil and crop production cycle, rather than placing them deeper in the ground and closer to groundwater. During emergencies, however, when time and resources are limited, bio-reduction is likely to be done in unsheltered windrows constructed on unprotected soil-conditions that could cause localized soil pollution. Pollution associated with emergency bio-reduction procedures was assessed by comparing pre- and post-bio-reduction concentrations in soil beneath the bio-reduction sites. Small but statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in chloride at depths of 1.2 m indicated that bio-reduction leachate reached this depth. Significant increases in % total nitrogen and % total carbon were observed only in the top 15 cm of soil, but large increases in total ammonia-nitrogen were observed at depths of 30-90 cm. The total mass of N added to soil by bio-reduction was 10-25% of the estimated total N in the cattle carcasses, indicating that bio-reduction poses a lower pollution threat to soil and shallow groundwater than burial. C1 [Glanville, T. D.; Shiers, L. E.; Harmon, J. D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ahn, H. K.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Glanville, TD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 201 Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tglanvil@iastate.edu RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Publication of this document has been funded in part by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources through a grant from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Non-point Source Management Program (Section 319 of the Clean Water Act). NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 198 IS 1-4 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9845-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 405ZA UT WOS:000263261500024 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Luschei, EC AF Davis, Adam S. Luschei, Edward C. TI Living Boundaries: Tracking Weed Seed Movement with Nondormant Seed SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Field demography; synthetic seed bank; spatial distribution; quantiles of movement; Kolmogorov-Smirnov; nonparametric; convex hull; pulse-chase; population dynamics; spatial dynamics; demographic rates ID SOIL AB Synthetic seed banks are a useful tool for tracking how weed populations change over time. By sowing a known number of seeds of a given species within a quadrat with defined boundaries, an investigator can measure the number remaining and thereby calculate demographic rates (e.g., mortality). The alternative is to use in situ seeds and estimate their initial population density via sampling. To make a synthetic seed bank approach useful within an agricultural system subjected to soil disturbances Such as tillage, one would need a way to account for seeds leaving the initial quadrat (i.e., a way to follow how the area encompassing the sown seeds changes over time). Without accounting for the change in location/extent of the synthetic seed batik, any field operation moving soil will create additional uncertainty in population size. Depending on the aggressiveness" of specific field operations and the initial size of the quadrat, this effect might be negligible or so large as to be intractable. Here, we describe a method for following a synthetic seed bank over time using a "living boundary" of nondormant seeds, which effectively play the role of tracers used in the study of dynamics in other scientific disciplines. Study quadrats in East Lansing, MI, and Arlington, WI, were sown with giant foxtail and velvetleaf at a rate of 2,000 seeds m(-2). The study quadrats were marked on the perimeter and diagonals using nondormant seeds of three marker species: kale, radish, and rye. The areas were then subjected to tillage and planting operations. Spatial coordinates of seedling locations for the marker and weed species were obtained through digital image processing. A nonparametric comparison of the spatial displacement of marker and weed species indicated that their empirical spatial distributions did not differ. The marker species quadrats described by the 50th, 90th, and 99th quantiles of movement contained all velvetleaf seedlings in Wisconsin, all velvetleaf seedlings in Michigan, and all giant foxtail seedlings in Michigan, respectively. The results suggest a simple rule for applying the method to Field demography studies: after the original quadrat is deformed and seedlings have emerged, flag the polygon containing all marker seedlings to obtain the expanded quadrat containing the study weed population. C1 [Davis, Adam S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Luschei, Edward C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM adam.davis@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Hatch funds; USDA Sustainable Agriculture Special Grants Program; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX Partial support of this project came from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Hatch funds, the USDA Sustainable Agriculture Special Grants Program and USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing scientific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1614/WS-08-148.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 423IC UT WOS:000264489000005 ER PT J AU Canner, SR Wiles, LJ Erskine, RH McMaster, GS Dunn, GH Ascough, JC AF Canner, Stephen R. Wiles, L. J. Erskine, Robert H. McMaster, Gregory S. Dunn, Gale H. Ascough, James C., II TI Modeling with Limited Data: The Influence of Crop Rotation and Management on Weed Communities and Crop Yield Loss SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Competition; crop rotation; density dependence; simulation; weed seed production ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; PIGWEED AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; SUNFLOWER HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; SORGHUM SORGHUM-BICOLOR; ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; WINTER-WHEAT; CRITICAL PERIOD; RELATIVE-TIME AB Theory and models of crop yield loss from weed competition have led to decision models to help growers choose cost-effective weed management. These models are available for multiple-species weed Communities in a single season of several crops. Growers also rely on crop rotation for weed control, yet theory and models of weed population dynamics have not led to similar tools for planning of crop rotations for cost-effective weed management. Obstacles have been the complexity of modeling the dynamics of multiple populations of weed species compared to a single species and lack of data. We developed a method to use limited, readily observed data to simulate population dynamics and crop yield loss of multiple-species weed communities in response to crop rotation, tillage system, and specific weed management tactics. Our method is based on the general theory of density dependence of plant productivity and extensive use of rectangular hyperbolic equations for describing crop yield loss as a function of weed density. Only two density-independent parameters are required for each species to represent differences in seed bank mortality, emergence, and maximum seed production. One equation is used to model crop yield loss and density-dependent weed seed production as a function of crop and weed density, relative time of weed and crop emergence, and differences among species in competitive ability. The model has been parameterized for six crops and 15 weeds, and limited evaluation indicates predictions are accurate enough to highlight potential weed problems and solutions when comparing alternative crop rotations for a Field. The model has been incorporated into a decision Support tool for whole-farm management so growers in the Central Great Plains of the United States can compare alternative crop rotations and how their choice influences farm income, herbicide use, and control of weeds in their fields. C1 [Canner, Stephen R.; Wiles, L. J.; Erskine, Robert H.; McMaster, Gregory S.; Dunn, Gale H.; Ascough, James C., II] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wiles, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.wiles@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1614/WS-08-036.1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 423IC UT WOS:000264489000007 ER PT J AU Spokas, K Forcella, F AF Spokas, Kurt Forcella, Frank TI Software Tools for Weed Seed Germination Modeling SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE SENSORS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOLAR-RADIATION; WATER-CONTENT; SANDY SOILS; SHAW MODEL; PRECIPITATION; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION AB The next generation of weed seed germination models will need to account for variable soil microclimate conditions. To predict this microclimate environment we have developed a suite of individual tools (models) that can be used in conjunction with the next generation of weed seed germination models. The three tools that will be outlined here are GlobalTempSIM, GlobalRainSIM, and the soil temperature and moisture model (STM(2)). Each model was compared with several sets of observed data from worldwide locations. Overall, the climate predictors compared favorably. GlobalTempSIM had a bias between -2.7 and +0.9 C, mean absolute errors between 1.9 and 5.0 C, and an overall Willmott d-index of 0.79 to 0.95 (where d = 1 represents total agreement between observed and modeled data) for 12 global validation sites in 2007. GlobalRainSIM had a bias for Cumulative precipitation ranging from -210 to +305 mm, a mean absolute error between 29 and 311 mm, and a corresponding d-index of 0.78 to 0.99 for the sites and years compared. The high d-indices indicate that the models adequately captured the annual patterns for the validation sites. STM2 also performed well in comparisons with actual soil temperatures with a range of -2 to +4.6 C biases and mean absolute errors between 0.7 and 6.8 C, with the d-index ranging from 0.83 to 0.99 for the soil temperature comparisons. The soil moisture prediction annual bias was between -0.09 and +0.12 cm(3) cm(-3), mean absolute errors ranging from 0.02 to 0.16 cm(3) cm(-3), and possessed a d-index between 0.32 and 0.91 for the validation sites. These models were developed in JAVA, are simple to use, operate on multiple platforms (e.g., Mac, personal computer, Sun), and are freely available for download from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service websire (http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=11787). C1 [Spokas, Kurt] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Spokas, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurt.spokas@ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, National Research Initiative FX The authors acknowledge a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, National Research Initiative, Weedy and Invasive Species Program, which has made this work possible. In addition, the authors express their gratitude to Roger Schlachter, Curtis Bredeson, and Andrew Kuhn for expertise in assisting with the JAVA program development. NR 81 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 216 EP 227 DI 10.1614/WS-08-142.1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 423IC UT WOS:000264489000012 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Svejcar, TJ AF Bates, Jon D. Svejcar, Tony J. TI HERBACEOUS SUCCESSION AFTER BURNING OF COT WESTERN JUNIPER TREES SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; annual grass; Juniperus occidentalis; litter; fire; Thurber's needlegrass; squirreltail ID SLASH TREATMENT; CENTRAL OREGON; WOODLANDS; OCCIDENTALIS; VEGETATION; CUT; ENCROACHMENT; COMMUNITIES; PRINCIPLES; DYNAMICS AB The expansion of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis slip. occideiffalis Hook.) in the northern Great Basin has resulted in the wide-scale conversion of sagebrush-steppe communities to juniper woodlaods. Prescribed fire and mechanical cutting are the 2 main methods used to remove juniper and restore sagebrush steppe. Mechanical treatments commonly leave cut juniper on site. Disadvantages of leaving cut juniper are the increased fuel hazard potential for increased establishment and growth of invasive species. This study evaluated the response of herbaceous plants to winter burning of cut western juniper. Vegetation response was compared among 2 burning treatments (burning trees the first whiter after cutting and burning the second winter after cutting), a control (cut-unburned juniper), and the interspace between cot trees. To minimize fire impacts to herbaceous perennials, cut trees were burned in the winter when soils and ground litter were frozen and/or soils were at field capacity Only felled trees were burned, as fire did not carry into interspaces or litter mats around western juniper stumps. We hypothesized that winter season burning would increase herbaceous perennials and would reduce cheatgrass establishment when compared to the cut-unburned control. After 10 years, total herbaceous and perennial grass cover-was 1.5- to 2-fold greater, respectively, in burned treatments compared to cut-unburned controls. Perennial grass density was 60% greater in the burned treatments than in the cut-unburned treatment and the interspace. Cheatgrass cover was twice as great in the control than in the 2 burn treatments and the interspace. We concluded that burning cot western juniper when soils were wet and frozen in winter enhanced community, recovery of native Perennials compared to leaving cut juniper unburned. C1 [Bates, Jon D.; Svejcar, Tony J.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Bates, Jon D.; Svejcar, Tony J.] Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Oregon Agr Expt Stn, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2009 VL 69 IS 1 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.3398/064.069.0120 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 443JX UT WOS:000265907100002 ER PT J AU Ashley, MC Longland, WS AF Ashley, Michael C. Longland, William S. TI ASSESSING CHEATGRASS (BROMUS TECTORUM) GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE USING RAPD AND MICROSATELLITE MOLECULAR MARKERS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; diversity; evolution; population genetics; microsatellites; RAPD ID ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; NORTH-AMERICA; DIFFERENTIATION; POACEAE; CONSERVATION; ACCESSIONS; BROMEGRASS; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANT; SPREAD AB Two molecular marker systems, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellites, were used to evaluate population diversity and differentiation in 4 northern Nevada Bromus tectorum populations. Front 80 RAPD primers, we found 16 (20%) that yielded 165 strong repeatable hands. Of those hands, 60 (35.8%) were polymorphic. Of those, 21 met data-pruning guidelines for final analysis. RAPD variation was moderate ((x) over bar = 0.363, S((x) over bar) = 0.022), ranging front 0.312 to 0.404. Microsatellite variation was similar ((x) over bar = 0.234, S((x) over bar) = 0.051.) but varied more widely, ranging front 0.009 to 0.551. All populations were out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, as expected in it predominantly selfing species. RAPDs revealed significant differentiation (P < 0.0001) across populations, whereas microsatellites only resolved 2 of the 4 populations. RAMS revealed it considerable amount of variation in the 2 populations, I-lot Springs and Truckee, which had nearly identical microsatellite profiles. Of 184 individuals, we found 182 unique RAPD phenotypes. We found 51 microsatellite genotypes across individuals, one of which was present in 95.3% of the individuals in the Hot Springs-Truckee group and 29% of the Stillwater individuals. The UPGMA phenograms were similar in grouping I-lot Springs with Truckee, and Stillwater with Peavine, and were highly correlated hot riot significantly Both marker systems proved useful in assessing population genetic variation. One population-specific RAPD marker and 6 new microsatellite-length polymorphisms were identified, Both marker systems may also prove useful in studying other closely related species such its red brome (Bromus rubens). C1 [Ashley, Michael C.; Longland, William S.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Longland, William S.] Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ashley, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM dr_mc_ashley@hotmail.com FU NIH [P20 RR-016464]; National Center for Research FX This study was supported in part by the USDA/ARS Exotic and Invasive Weed Unit and NIH Grant Number P20 RR-016464 from the INBRE Program of the National Center for Research. We thank Robin Tausch, Matt Forister, and 2 anonymous reviewers for manuscript comments and suggestions. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2009 VL 69 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.3398/064.069.0117 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 443JX UT WOS:000265907100008 ER PT J AU Keeland, BD Gorham, LE AF Keeland, Bobby D. Gorham, Lance E. TI DELAYED TREE MORTALITY IN THE ATCHAFALAYA BASIN OF SOUTHERN LOUISIANA FOLLOWING HURRICANE ANDREW SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; CHINESE TALLOW TREE; SEBIFERUM L ROXB; PUERTO-RICO; CATASTROPHIC WIND; DAMAGE; DISTURBANCE; HUGO; VEGETATION; RECOVERY AB Hurricanes can damage trees, in forested wetlands, and the potential for mortality related to these storms exists due to the effects of tree damage over time. In August 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed through the forested wetlands of southern Louisiana with winds in excess of 225 kph. Although more than 78% of the basal area was destroyed in some areas, most trees greater than 2.5 cm dbh were alive and resprouting prolifically the following year (98.8%). Survival of most tree species was similarly high two years after the hurricane, but mortality rates of some species increased dramatically. For example, Populus heterophylla (swamp cottonwood) mortality increased from 7.8 to 59.2% (n = 76) and Salix interior (sandbar willow) mortality increased from 4.5 to 57.1% (n = 21). Stem sprouts on many uprooted hardwood trees of other species were still alive in 1998, 6 years after the hurricane. Due to the Understory tree species composition, regeneration, and high levels of resprouting, there was little change in Species composition or perhaps a slight shift toward more shade and flood tolerant species six years following the hurricane event. Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow) was found on some of the sites heavily disturbed by Hurricane Andrew, and may proliferate at the expense of native tree species. C1 [Gorham, Lance E.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Brattleboro, VT 05301 USA. [Keeland, Bobby D.] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Gorham, LE (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 28 Vernon St, Brattleboro, VT 05301 USA. EM lance.gorham@vt.usda.gov NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500011 ER PT J AU Steadman, DW Montambault, JR Robinson, SK Oswalt, SN Brandeis, TJ Londono, AG Reetz, MJ Schelsky, WM Wright, NA Hoover, JP Jankowski, J Kratter, AW Martinez, AE Smith, J AF Steadman, David W. Montambault, Jensen R. Robinson, Scott K. Oswalt, Sonja N. Brandeis, Thomas J. Londono, A. Gustavo Reetz, Matthew J. Schelsky, Wendy M. Wright, Natalie A. Hoover, Jeffrey P. Jankowski, Jill Kratter, Andrew W. Martinez, Ari E. Smith, Jordan TI RELATIVE ABUNDANCE, HABITAT USE, AND LONG-TERM POPULATION CHANGES OF WINTERING AND RESIDENT LANDBIRDS ON ST. JOHN, US VIRGIN ISLANDS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUERTO-RICO; HURRICANE HUGO; BIRD POPULATIONS; POINT COUNTS; FOREST; WARBLERS; BAHAMAS AB St. John. U.S. Virgin Islands, is one of the most forested islands in the West Indies and provides an opportunity to conserve both resident birds and wintering neotropical migrants. We conducted double-observer point counts of landbirds in December 2005 and 2006 in Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots and National Park Service (NPS) trails in Virgin Islands National Park (VINP) to assess population trends of birds M subtropical dry and moist forests. We recorded 2.270 individual birds representing 35 species at 150 point count stations in 2005, and 3,092 individuals of 32 species at 143 of these stations in 2006. The increase in birds per point from 2005 (15.1) to 2006 (21.6) was due to resident species, 17 of which were recorded more frequently in 2006. The 17 species of neotropical migrants composed 11.8% of all registrations in 2005 and 2006. Subtropical moist and dry forest habitats differed strongly in vegetation characteristics and plant species, but no species of birds exhibited a strong affiliation with either habitat type on HA plots. Data front NPS trails showed that most migrant species were detected more often in moist, mature forest. The resident Bridled Quail-Dove (Geotrygon mystacea) also was correlated with mature forest. Plant and bird species co-occurrence with positive correlations that may carry a signal of preferred frugivory included Guettarda odorata (Rubiaceac) with Bridled Quail-Dove, and Myrciaria floribunda (Myrtaceae) with Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus). Migrant species did not exhibit strong long-term changes in relative abundance since founding of VINP in 1957, hut four open-country resident species declined significantly between 1957 and 2006 as the forest matured. Forest maturation should continue on St. John. yielding a bright future for most of its landbirds barring catastrophic hurricanes, pathogens, or invasive plants. Received 24 November 2007. Accepted 29 May 2008. C1 [Steadman, David W.; Montambault, Jensen R.; Robinson, Scott K.; Londono, A. Gustavo; Reetz, Matthew J.; Schelsky, Wendy M.; Wright, Natalie A.; Hoover, Jeffrey P.; Jankowski, Jill; Kratter, Andrew W.; Martinez, Ari E.; Smith, Jordan] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Oswalt, Sonja N.; Brandeis, Thomas J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Hoover, Jeffrey P.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Steadman, DW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, POB 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dws@flmnh.ufl.edu RI Jankowski, Jill/D-4754-2012 FU USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; USDA Forest Service International Institute for Tropical Forestry; University of Florida; Florida Museum of Natural History FX We thank the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service International Institute for Tropical Forestry, University of Florida, and Florida Museum of Natural History for funding this project. We also thank personnel of Virgin Islands National Park for assistance. Special appreciation is due to Humfredo Marcano, Luis Ortiz-Vega, Ivan Vicens, and Britta Dimick for botanical and navigational expertise in the field. We also thank Eileen Helmer and Ariel Lugo for assistance throughout the project, Amelia Savage for data entry and library work, and the staff at Virgin Islands Environmental Research Station for housing and all manner of logistical support. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1676/07-178.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 585DB UT WOS:000276803400004 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Saab, VA Rotella, JJ Dudley, JG AF Russell, Robin E. Saab, Victoria A. Rotella, Jay J. Dudley, Jonathan G. TI DETECTION PROBABILITIES OF WOODPECKER NESTS IN MIXED CONIFER FORESTS IN OREGON SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-BACKED GULLS; SURVIVAL ESTIMATION; SUCCESS; COUNTS; DETECTABILITY; MODELS; STAGE; FIRE; TIME AB Accurate estimates of Black-backed (Picoides arcticus) and Hairy Woodpecker (P. villosus) nests and nest survival rates in post-fire landscapes provide land managers with information on the relative importance of burned forests to nesting woodpeckers. We conducted multiple-observer surveys in burned and unburned mixed coniferous forests in Oregon to identify important factors influencing detection rates of woodpecker nests. We found 21 Black-backed Woodpecker nests and 38 Hairy Woodpecker nests in burned forest, and three Hairy Woodpecker nests in unburned forest. Competing models of detection probability in Program MARK indicated that nest-detection probability differed by nest stage. We found no evidence to indicate that detection rates of nests were associated with survey timing during the nesting season. Raw nest counts in burned coniferous forests may underestimate nest numbers, especially for nests in early stages of development. Black-backed Woodpecker nests were slightly more detectable than those of Hairy Woodpeckers in burned forests, and observers may differ in their abilities to detect nests. Received 12 February 2008. Accepted 29 May 2008. C1 [Russell, Robin E.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Saab, Victoria A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rotella, Jay J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Dudley, Jonathan G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 1400 S 19th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM RRussell@mt.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU USDA; National Fire Plan and Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We acknowledge Amy Markus and Craig Heinz for providing logistical support. Funding was provided by the USDA, National Fire Plan and Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. William Thompson, Rudy King, and Kevin Podruzny provided valuable suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Chris Forristal helped with implementing project design and collected data along with observers Scott Daniels, Michelle Anderson, and Kim Prosek. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1676/08-026.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 585DB UT WOS:000276803400007 ER PT J AU Frank, DN Wysocki, A Specht-Glick, DD Rooney, A Feldman, RA St Amand, AL Pace, NR Trent, JD AF Frank, Daniel N. Wysocki, Annette Specht-Glick, Dee Dee Rooney, Alejandro Feldman, Robert A. St Amand, Allison L. Pace, Norman R. Trent, Jonathan D. TI Microbial diversity in chronic open wounds SO WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION LA English DT Article ID LEG ULCERS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; INFECTIONS; ULCERATION; DIAGNOSIS; BIOFILMS; VALIDITY; DISEASE AB Chronic wounds expose the dermal matrix and underlying tissue to a diversity of microbes from the body and surrounding environment. We determined the microbial diversity of 19 chronic wounds using both molecular methods ( sequence analysis of rRNA genes) and routine clinical culturing methods using swab samples. We identified 93 phylotypes in 2,653 rRNA clone sequences and found that compared with other environments, the microbial diversity of chronic wounds is relatively well characterized, i.e., 95% of sequences have >97% identity with known human commensals. In total, 75% of sequences belonged to four well-known wound-associated phylotypes: Staphylococcus (25%), Corynebacterium (20%), Clostridiales (18%), and Pseudomonas (12%). Approximately 0.5% of sequences ( seven phylotypes) belonged to potentially new species. Individual wound samples contained four to 22 phylotypes, but in all wounds only a few ( one to three) phylotypes were dominant. In more than half the wound specimens, polymerase chain reaction and culturing methods gave different diversity and dominance information about the microbes present. This exploratory study suggests that combining molecular and culturing methods provides a more complete characterization of the microbial diversity of chronic wounds, and can thereby expand our understanding of how microbiology impacts chronic wound pathology and healing. C1 [Trent, Jonathan D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bioengn Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Frank, Daniel N.; St Amand, Allison L.; Pace, Norman R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Frank, Daniel N.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Mucosal & Vaccine Res Program Colorado, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Wysocki, Annette] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Sch Nursing, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Wysocki, Annette] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Div Plast Surg, Dept Surg, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Specht-Glick, Dee Dee] St Patricks Hosp, Wound Care Ctr, Missoula, MT USA. [Rooney, Alejandro] USDA, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. [Feldman, Robert A.] SymBio Corp, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Trent, JD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bioengn Branch, MS 239-15, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jtrent@mail.arc.nasa.gov FU DARPA; NIH FX We dedicate this paper to M. Averner, who provided inspiration for all aspects of this research. We thank C. Chao, H. Kagawa, and N. Pei for editorial assistance. We acknowledge J. Bielitzki from DARPA for support to the Trent lab and NIH for support to the Pace lab. NR 37 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1067-1927 J9 WOUND REPAIR REGEN JI Wound Repair Regen. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2009.00472.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Surgery SC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Surgery GA 418ZJ UT WOS:000264188600003 PM 19320883 ER PT J AU Antognoli, MC Lombard, JE Wagner, BA McCluskey, BJ Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS AF Antognoli, M. C. Lombard, J. E. Wagner, B. A. McCluskey, B. J. Van Kessel, J. S. Karns, J. S. TI Risk Factors Associated with the Presence of Viable Listeria monocytogenes in Bulk Tank Milk from US Dairies SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; bulk tank milk; risk factors ID NEW-YORK-STATE; RAW-MILK; PREVALENCE; FARMS; CONTAMINATION AB The objective of the study was to screen a large number of herd management practices and herd characteristics from US dairies to identify herd-level risk factors associated with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in bulk tank milk (BTM). A total of 71 variables was univariately evaluated for their association with the presence of L. monocytogenes in BTM. Results from the univariate analysis indicated that using automatic take offs and having an open herd management increased the risk of BTM contamination with L. monocytogenes, while storing manure in outside pens not accessible to cattle decreased the risk. These variables, however, were not sustained in the multivariable model, which indicated that the presence of L. monocytogenes in BTM was significantly associated with region of the country (farms in the southeast and northeast were six and four times more likely respectively, to have BTM contamination than farms in the west) and number of milking cows (herds with > 500 milking cows were five times more likely to have BTM contamination than herds with < 100 milking cows). In conclusion, our results suggest that risk factors associated with BTM contamination are different depending on the geographical region and herd size of the operation. C1 [Antognoli, M. C.] Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lombard, J. E.; Wagner, B. A.; McCluskey, B. J.] Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Van Kessel, J. S.; Karns, J. S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Antognoli, MC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 1681 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM maria.antognoli@colostate.edu FU Colorado State University. FX The authors acknowledge the tremendous amount of work performed by the Veterinary Medical Officers and Animal Health Technicians who collected the management data and milk samples from participating producers. Financial support for data analysis was provided by the Program of Economically Important Infectious Animal Diseases at Colorado State University. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01161.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 402XM UT WOS:000263046400005 PM 18705657 ER PT J AU Gillette, NE Erbilgin, N Webster, JN Pederson, L Mori, SR Stein, JD Owen, DR Bischel, KM Wood, DL AF Gillette, N. E. Erbilgin, N. Webster, J. N. Pederson, L. Mori, S. R. Stein, J. D. Owen, D. R. Bischel, K. M. Wood, D. L. TI Aerially applied verbenone-releasing laminated flakes protect Pinus contorta stands from attack by Dendroctonus ponderosae in California and Idaho SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mountain pine beetle; Lodgepole pines; Forest pest management; Pheromones; Semiochemicals; Antiaggregation; Scolytidae; Bark beetles; Temnochila chlorodia ID BARK BEETLES COLEOPTERA; LODGEPOLE PINE; SCOLYTIDAE INFESTATIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PEST-MANAGEMENT; VOLATILES; PHEROMONE; FORESTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CURCULIONIDAE AB We tested a new formulation of verbenone, an antiaggregation pheromone of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), for area-wide protection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) stands in the western United States. Helicopter applications of verbenone-releasing laminated flakes were made at the rate of 370 g of active ingredient/ha to two sites, one in California and one in Idaho, during summer 2005. Each site consisted of five 20.23-ha treated plots and five matching 20.23-ha untreated plots. We assessed D. ponderosae flight into study plots using traps baited with aggregation pheromones and we tallied D. ponderosae attack rates on P. contorta trees in treated and control plots before and after application. There were no significant differences between numbers of D. ponderosae trapped on treated and control plots. However, a significantly smaller proportion of P. contorta trees was attacked in treated plots than in control plots at both sites; the attack rate in untreated stands was roughly three times that of treated stands in both California and Idaho, even at this low application rate. Furthermore, attack rate in 2004 was a significant explanatory variable for the response in 2005 regardless of treatment in both California and Idaho. There was no significant treatment effect at either site on attraction of Temnochila chlorodia (Coleoptera: Trogositidae) Mannerheim, a key predator of D. ponderosae, to the prey aggregation pheromone. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gillette, N. E.; Mori, S. R.] USDA FS, PSW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Erbilgin, N.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Webster, J. N.] Total Forestry, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. [Pederson, L.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [Stein, J. D.] USDA Forest Serv Forest, Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Owen, D. R.] Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Reading, CA 96002 USA. [Bischel, K. M.] Opus Environm, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. [Bischel, K. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), USDA FS, PSW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM ngillette@fs.fed.us RI Erbilgin, Nadir/F-3675-2014 OI Erbilgin, Nadir/0000-0001-9912-8095 FU Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA FX This study was supported by funding from the Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. The authors thank James Heath and Priscilla McLean (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA) for providing verbenone-releasing flakes to our specifications for testing; John Mateski, (Western Helicopter, Newberg, OR) for providing a meticulous and timely application of flakes. We thank Eric Smith (USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Fort Collins, CO) for helpful advice in designing the sampling design; David E. Schultz (deceased, USDA Forest Service, Region 5 Forest Heath Protection, Redding, CA) for recommending the study site and Gaylord Briggs (Total Forestry, Anderson, CA) for field assistance at the California site. NR 67 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1412 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.017 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 414MB UT WOS:000263866800004 ER PT J AU Sanchez, FG Carter, EA Leggett, ZH AF Sanchez, Felipe G. Carter, Emily A. Leggett, Zakiya H. TI Loblolly pine growth and soil nutrient stocks eight years after forest slash incorporation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Loblolly pine; Soil tillage; Stand volume; Soil nutrients ID ORGANIC-MATTER REMOVAL; DENSITY FRACTIONATION; PHYSICAL PROTECTION; CARBON; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPACTION; NITROGEN; STABILIZATION; PLANTATION AB Incorporation of forest slash during stand establishment is proposed as a means of increasing soil carbon and nutrient stocks. If effective, the increased soil carbon and nutrient status may result in increased aboveground tree growth. Eight years after study installation, the impact of forest slash incorporation into the soil on soil carbon and nutrient stocks, foliar nutrients and loblolly pine growth are examined on mineral and organic sites on the North Carolina Lower Coastal Plain. Treatments include leaving forest slash on the surface and flat planting (control); V-shear and bedding (conventional), mulch forest slash followed by bedding (strip mulch) and mulch forest slash and till into the soil followed by bedding (strip mulch till). After eight years, mulching and/or tillage did not have a significant impact (p > 0.05) on soil bulk density or soil chemical properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, soil nutrients). Additionally, neither tree foliar nutrients nor stand volume were significantly impacted. However, significant effects were observed for soil phosphorus contents and stand volume between the control plots and the other treatment plots. For example, the mean stand volumes on the mineral site were 24.49 +/- 1.28, 38.16 +/- 2.90, 44.59 +/- 3.07 and 46.96 +/- 2.74 m(3) ha(-1) for the control, conventional, strip mulch and strip mulch till plots. These observations are more likely due to the effect of bedding rather than mulching or tillage of the forest slash. These results are consistent for the mineral and the organic sites. Considering the greater expense to install the mulch and tillage treatments, the lack of a treatment effect on soil carbon and nutrient stocks and tree growth does not justify these treatments on these sites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sanchez, Felipe G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Carter, Emily A.] Auburn Univ, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Leggett, Zakiya H.] Weyerhaeuser Co, New Bern, NC 28563 USA. RP Sanchez, FG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fsanchez@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 5 BP 1413 EP 1419 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.016 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 414MB UT WOS:000263866800005 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Oswalt, CM Westfall, JA Perry, CH Nelson, MD Finley, AO AF Woodall, C. W. Oswalt, C. M. Westfall, J. A. Perry, C. H. Nelson, M. D. Finley, A. O. TI An indicator of tree migration in forests of the eastern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Tree migration; United States; Forest; Seedlings; Latitude ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CO2 ENRICHMENT; IMPACTS; HABITAT; INVENTORY; SCENARIOS; RESPONSES; US; PROGRAM AB Changes in tree species distributions are a potential impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. The examination of tree species shifts in forests of the eastern United States largely has been limited to simulation activities due to a lack of consistent, long-term forest inventory datasets. The goal of this study was to compare current geographic distributions of tree seedlings (trees with a diameter at breast height <= 2.5 cm) with biomass (trees with a diameter at breast height > 2.5 cm) for sets of northern, southern, and general tree species in the eastern United States using a spatially balanced, region-wide forest inventory. Compared to mean latitude of tree biomass, mean latitude of seedlings was significantly farther north (>20 km) for the northern study species, while southern species had no shift, and general species demonstrated southern expansion. Density of seedlings relative to tree biomass of northern tree species was nearly 10 times higher in northern latitudes compared to southern latitudes. For forest inventory plots between 44 degrees and 47 degrees north latitude where southern tree species were identified, their biomass averaged 0.46 tonnes/ha while their seedling counts averaged 2600 ha(-1). It is hypothesized that as northern and southern tree species together move northward due to greater regeneration success at higher latitudes, general species may fill their vacated niches in southern locations. The results of this study suggest that the process of northward tree migration in the eastern United States is currently underway with rates approaching 100 km/century for many species. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Woodall, C. W.; Perry, C. H.; Nelson, M. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Oswalt, C. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN USA. [Westfall, J. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Finley, A. O.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214; Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 NR 41 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 5 BP 1434 EP 1444 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.013 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 414MB UT WOS:000263866800008 ER PT J AU Parajuli, PB Nelson, NO Frees, LD Mankin, KR AF Parajuli, Prem B. Nelson, Nathan O. Frees, Lyle D. Mankin, Kyle R. TI Comparison of AnnAGNPS and SWAT model simulation results in USDA-CEAP agricultural watersheds in south-central Kansas SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Review DE flow; sediment; total phosphorus; calibration validation; R(2); E; RMSE; RSR; PBIAS ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; HYDROLOGIC-SIMULATION; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; QUALITY; SOIL; CALIBRATION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; EROSION AB This study was conducted under the USDA-Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) in the Cheney Lake watershed in south-central Kansas. The Cheney Lake watershed has been identified as 'impaired waters' under Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act for sediments and total phosphorus. The USDA-CEAP seeks to quantify environmental benefits of conservation programmes on water quality by monitoring and modelling. Two of the most widely used USDA watershed-scale models are Annualized AGricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The objectives of (his study were to compare hydrology, sediment, and total phosphorus simulation results front AnnAGNPS and SWAT in separate calibration and validation watersheds. Models were calibrated in Red Rock Creek watershed and validated in Goose Creek watershed, both sub-watersheds of the Cheney Lake watershed. Forty-five months (January 1997 to September 2000) of monthly measured flow and water quality data were used to evaluate the two models. Both models generally provided from fair to very good correlation and model efficiency for simulating surface runoff and sediment yield during calibration and validation (correlation coefficient R(2) from 0.50 to 0.89, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency index. E, from 0.47 to 0.73, root mean Square error, RMSE. from 0.25 to 0.45 m(3) s(-1) for flow, from 158 to 312 Mg for sediment yield). Total phosphorus predictions trout calibration and validation of SWAT indicated good correlation and model efficiency (R(2) from 0.60 to 0.70. E from 0.63 to 0.68) while total phosphorus predictions from validation of AnnAGNPS were from unsatisfactory to very good (R(2) front 0.60 to 0.77, E from -2.38 to 0.32). The root mean square error-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) was estimated as excellent (from 0.08 to 0.25) for the all model simulated parameters during the calibration and validation study. The percentage bias (PBIAS) of the model simulated parameters varied from unsatisfactory to excellent (from 128 to 3). This study determined SWAT to be the most appropriate model for this watershed based on calibration and validation results. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Parajuli, Prem B.] Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2011D, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Frees, Lyle D.] USDA NRCS, Salina, KS 67401 USA. [Mankin, Kyle R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Parajuli, PB (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2011D, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM parajpb@ksu.edu RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 FU Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Services, US Dept. of Agriculture [2006-51130-03703] FX This material is based upon work Supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Services, US Dept. of Agriculture. under agreement no. 2006-51130-03703. We acknowledge the contributions of Ms Lisa French, project coordinator, and Mr Howard Miller, public relations coordinator, at Cheney Lake Watershed Inc.. Hutchinson, KS; Mr Daniel S. Moore, hydraulic engineer. at USDA-NRCS, Portland, OR; Mr Vance Justice. Jr, hydrologist, and Dr Ron L. Bingner, agricultural engineer. at USDA-ARS, National Sedimentation Laboratory. Oxford. MS: and Mr Larry M. Pope, project chief. at USGS, KS. Contribution no. 08-249-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 101 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 63 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 5 BP 748 EP 763 DI 10.1002/hyp.7174 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 414YV UT WOS:000263902300008 ER PT J AU Hwang, CA Porto-Fett, ACS Juneja, VK Ingham, SC Ingham, BH Luchansky, JB AF Hwang, Cheng-An Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Juneja, Vijay K. Ingham, Steven C. Ingham, Barbara H. Luchansky, John B. TI Modeling the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium during fermentation, drying, and storage of soudjouk-style fermented sausage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella Typhimurium; Fermented sausage; Predictive model; Soudjouk ID MANUFACTURING PROCESS; LEBANON BOLOGNA; O157-H7; PEPPERONI; VALIDATION; VIABILITY; OUTBREAK; STRAIN; VACUUM; TEMPERATURE AB This study quantified and modeled the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in soudjouk-style fermented sausage during fermentation, drying, and storage. Batter prepared from ground beef (20% fat), seasonings. starter culture, and dextrose was separately inoculated with a multi-strain. mixture of each pathogen to an initial inoculum of ca. 6.5 log(10) CFU/g in the batter. The sausages were subsequently fermented at 24 degrees C with a relative humidity (RH) of 90% to 95% for 3 to 5 days to ca. pH 5.2, pH 4.9 or pH 4.6, then dried at 22 degrees C to a(w) 0.92, a(w) 0.89, or a(w) 0.86. respectively, and then stored at 4, 21. or 30 degrees C for up to 60 days. Lethality of the three pathogens was modeled as a function of pH, a. and/or storage temperature. During fermentation to pH 5.2 to pH 4.6, cell reductions ranged from 0 to 0.9 log(10) CFU/g for E. coli O157:H7, 0.1 to 0.5 log(10) CFU/g for L monocytogenes, and 0 to 2.2 log(10) CFU/g for S. Typhimurium. Subsequent drying of sausages of pH 5.2 to pH 4.6 at 22 degrees C with 80% to 85% RH for 3 to 7 days to a(w) of 0.92 to a(w) 0.86 resulted in additional reductions that ranged from 0 to 3.5 log(10) CFU/g for E. coli O157:H7, 0 to 0.4 log(10) CFU/g for L monocytogenes, and 0.3 to 2.4 log(10) CFU/g for S. Typhimurium. During storage at 4, 21, or 30 degrees C the reduction rates of the three pathogens were generally higher (p<0.05) in sausages with lower pH and lower a. that were stored at higher temperatures. Polynomial equations were developed to describe the inactivation of the three pathogens during fermentation, drying, and storage. The applicability of the resulting models for fermented sausage was evaluated by comparing model predictions with published data. Pathogen reductions estimated by the models for E coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium were comparable to 67% and 73% of published data, respectively. Due to limited published data for L monocytogenes, the models for L monocytogenes would need additional validations. Results of pathogen reductions from this study may be used as a reference to assist manufacturers of soudjouk-style sausages to adopt manufacturing processes that meet the regulatory requirements. The resulting models may also be used for estimating the survival of E coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium in other similar fermented sausage during fermentation and storage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hwang, Cheng-An; Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Juneja, Vijay K.; Luchansky, John B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Ingham, Steven C.; Ingham, Barbara H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hwang, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM andy.hwang@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 129 IS 3 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.003 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 417AZ UT WOS:000264048200005 PM 19157610 ER PT J AU Koerner, JL Hsu, VL Lee, JM Kennedy, JA AF Koerner, Jayma L. Hsu, Victor L. Lee, Jungmin Kennedy, James A. TI Determination of proanthocyanidin A2 content in phenolic polymer isolates by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Proanthocyanidins; Condensed tannins; Flavan-3-ols; A-type; Phloroglucinolysis; Cranberry; Peanut ID FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRANBERRY PROANTHOCYANIDINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INHIBIT ADHERENCE; IN-VITRO; FOODS AB This article summarizes the development of an analytical method for the determination of proanthocyanidin (PAC) A2 in phenolic polymer isolates following acid-catalyzed degradation in the presence of excess phloroglucinol. Isolates from concentrated cranberry juice (CCJ) were extensively characterized and molar extinction coefficients were determined for the terminal A2 and phloroglucinol adduct of the extension A2 unit. Peanuts were also found to contain both extension and terminal A-type PACs and therefore a total peanut system (TPS) was chosen to test the effectiveness of the HPLC method that was developed with the CCJ system. Kinetic studies were conducted and reaction conditions were optimized for the A2 units in both CCJ and TPS. The optimized method provides quantitative and reproducible information on the A2 content of proanthocyanidin isolates. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Koerner, Jayma L.; Kennedy, James A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hsu, Victor L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lee, Jungmin] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Kennedy, JA (reprint author), Australian Wine Res Inst, POB 197, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia. EM james.kennedy@awri.com.au RI Kennedy, James/A-1636-2012; Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Kennedy, James/0000-0002-5453-8469; Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.; USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-041-00D] FX Dr. Kerry McPhail, Jeff Morre, Jessica Walsh, and Seth Cohen are thanked for technical assistance, and Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. and USDA-ARS CRIS number 5358-21000-041-00D for project funding. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 27 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 9 BP 1403 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.086 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 410XB UT WOS:000263610500018 PM 19168185 ER PT J AU Charron, CS Kurilich, AC Clevidence, BA Simon, PW Harrison, DJ Britz, SJ Baer, DJ Novotny, JA AF Charron, Craig S. Kurilich, Anne C. Clevidence, Beverly A. Simon, Philipp W. Harrison, Dawn J. Britz, Steven J. Baer, David J. Novotny, Janet A. TI Bioavailability of Anthocyanins from Purple Carrot Juice: Effects of Acylation and Plant Matrix SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanin; bioavailability; absorption; carrot (Daucus carota) ID COLON-CANCER; NONACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; CYANIDIN GLYCOSIDES; RICH EXTRACTS; INHIBIT; BLUEBERRY; SUPPLEMENTATION; CONSUMPTION; MICE AB Absorption of cyanidin-based anthocyanins is not fully understood with respect to dose or anthocyanin structure. In feeding studies using whole foods, nonacylated anthocyanins are more bioavailable than their acylated counterparts, but the extent to which plant matrix determines relative bioavailability of anthocyanins is unknown. Using juice of purple carrots to circumvent matrix effects, a feeding trial was conducted to determine relative bioavailability of acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins and to assess dose-response effects. Appearance of anthocyanins in plasma was measured in 10 healthy adults for 8 h following consumption of purple carrot juice. Each subject consumed 50, 150, and 250 mL of juice containing 76 mu mol (65 mg), 228 mu mol (194 mg), and 380 mu mol (323 mg) of total anthocyanins, respectively. Acylated anthocyanins comprised 76% of total anthocyanins in the juice, yet their bioavailability was found to be significantly less than that of nonacylated anthocyanins. Peak plasma concentrations of nonacylated anthocyanins were 4-fold higher than that for acylated anthocyanins. Absorption efficiency declined across the doses administered. Because the treatments were consumed as juice, it could be discerned that the difference in bioavailability of acylated versus nonacylated anthocyanins was not primarily caused by interactions with the plant matrix. C1 [Charron, Craig S.; Kurilich, Anne C.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Harrison, Dawn J.; Britz, Steven J.; Baer, David J.; Novotny, Janet A.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crop Res Unit, ARS, USDA,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Janet.Novotny@ars.usda.gov RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 FU USDA CSREES IFAFS [2000-4258] FX Received for review September 24, 2008. Revised manuscript received December 19, 2008. Accepted December 19, 2008. This work was supported by a USDA CSREES IFAFS Grant 2000-4258. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1226 EP 1230 DI 10.1021/jf802988s PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409TZ UT WOS:000263530000017 PM 19166298 ER PT J AU Bantchev, GB Kenar, JA Biresaw, G Han, MG AF Bantchev, Grigor B. Kenar, James A. Biresaw, Girma Han, Moon Gyu TI Free Radical Addition of Butanethiol to Vegetable Oil Double Bonds SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Canola oil; corn oil; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; free radical addition; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance; photochemistry; sulfides; thiol ethers ID HYDROGEN SULFIDE; LINSEED OIL; TREATED ALUMINUM; THIYL RADICALS; METHYL OLEATE; ACID; PRODUCTS; ESTERS AB Butanethiol was used in ultraviolet-initiated thiol-ene reaction with canola and corn oils to produce sulfide-modified vegetable oils (SMVO). The crude SMVO product was successfully purified by solvent extraction, vacuum evaporation, and silica gel chromatography. The SMVO products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Further product characterization and analysis was conducted using GC and GC-MS on the fatty acid methyl esters obtained by the transesterification of the SMVO products. Investigation of the effect of reaction conditions showed that high yield and high conversion of double bonds into thiol were favored at low reaction temperatures and high butanethiol/vegetable oil ratios. Canola and corn oils gave similar double-bond conversions and yields of the desired SMVO product even though they have big differences in the relative numbers of single and multiple double bonds in their structures. Under best reaction conditions, up to 97% of double-bond conversion and 61% isolated yields of the purified SMVO products were attained. C1 [Bantchev, Grigor B.; Kenar, James A.; Biresaw, Girma; Han, Moon Gyu] ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bantchev, GB (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Grigor.Bantchev@ars.usda.gov OI Bantchev, Grigor/0000-0003-2790-5195; Han, Moon Gyu/0000-0003-4223-3286 NR 27 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1282 EP 1290 DI 10.1021/jf802774g PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409TZ UT WOS:000263530000025 PM 19166316 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Appelboom, TW Fouss, JL AF Southwick, Lloyd M. Appelboom, Timothy W. Fouss, James L. TI Runoff and Leaching of Metolachlor from Mississippi River Alluvial Soil during Seasons of Average and Below-Average Rainfall SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Matolachlor; runoff; leachate; rainfall ID SURFACE RUNOFF; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; SOUTHERN LOUISIANA; NITRATE LOSS; ATRAZINE; WATER; LOSSES; TILLAGE; METRIBUZIN; IMPACTS AB The movement of the herbicide metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] via runoff and leaching from 0.21 ha plots planted to corn on Mississippi River alluvial soil (Commerce silt loam) was measured for a 6-year period, 1995-2000. The first three years received normal rainfall (30 year average); the second three years experienced reduced rainfall. The 4-month periods prior to application plus the following 4 months after application were characterized by 1039 +/- 148 mm of rainfall for 1995-1997 and by 674 +/- 108 mm for 1998-2000. During the normalrainfall years 216 +/- 150 mm of runoff occurred during the study seasons (4 months following herbicide application), accompanied by 76.9 +/- 38.9 mm of leachate. For the low-rainfall years these amounts were 16.2 +/- 18.2 mm of runoff (92% less than the normal years) and 45.1 +/- 25.5 mm of leachate (41% less than the normal seasons). Runoff of metolachlor during the normalrainfall seasons was 4.5-6.1% of application, whereas leaching was 0.10-0.18%. For the below-normal periods, these losses were 0.07-0.37% of application in runoff and 0.22-0.27% in leachate. When averages over the three normal and the three less-than-normal seasons were taken, a 35% reduction in rainfall was characterized by a 97% reduction in runoff loss and a 71% increase in leachate loss of metolachlor on a percent of application basis. The data indicate an increase in preferential flow in the leaching movement of metolachlor from the surface soil layer during the reduced rainfall periods. Even with increased preferential flow through the soil during the below-average rainfall seasons, leachate loss (percent of application) of the herbicide remained below 0.3%. Compared to the average rainfall seasons of 1995-1997, the below-normal seasons of 1998-2000 were characterized by a 79% reduction in total runoff and leachate flow and by a 93% reduction in corresponding metolachlor movement via these routes. An added observation in the study was that neither runoff of rainfall nor runoff loss of metolachlor was influenced by the presence of subsurface drains, compared to the results from plots without such drains that were described in an earlier paper. C1 [Southwick, Lloyd M.; Appelboom, Timothy W.; Fouss, James L.] ARS, USDA, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Fouss, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 4115 Gourrier Ave, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM james.fouss@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1413 EP 1420 DI 10.1021/jf802468m PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409TZ UT WOS:000263530000045 PM 19178284 ER PT J AU Argyri, K Tako, E Miller, DD Glahn, RP Komaitis, M Kapsokefalou, M AF Argyri, Konstantina Tako, Elad Miller, Dennis D. Glahn, Raymond P. Komaitis, Michael Kapsokefalou, Maria TI Milk Peptides Increase Iron Dialyzability in Water but Do Not Affect DMT-1 Expression in Caco-2 Cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Milk peptides; iron bioavailability; Caco-2 cell cultures; gel filtration; dialysis ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO DIGESTION; CASEIN PHOSPHOPEPTIDES; NONHEME IRON; BIOAVAILABILITY; PROTEINS; AVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION; CASEINOPHOSPHOPEPTIDES; FRACTIONS AB In vitro digestion of milk produces peptide fractions that enhance iron uptake by Caco-2 cells. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether these fractions (a) exert their effect by increasing relative gene expression of DMT-1 in Caco-2 cells and (b) enhance iron dialyzability when added in meals. Two milk peptide fractions that solubilize iron were isolated by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration of a milk digest. These peptide fractions did not affect relative gene expression of DMT-1 when incubated with Caco-2 cells for 2 or 48 h. Dialyzability was measured after in vitro simulated gastric and pancreatic digestion. Both peptide fractions enhanced the dialyzability of iron from ferric chloride added to PIPES buffer, but had no effect on dialyzability from milk or a vegetable or fruit meal after in vitro simulated gastric and pancreatic digestion, However, dialyzability from milk was enhanced by the addition of a more concentrated lyophilized peptide fraction. C1 [Argyri, Konstantina; Komaitis, Michael; Kapsokefalou, Maria] Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens 11634, Greece. [Tako, Elad; Glahn, Raymond P.] Cornell Univ, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kapsokefalou, M (reprint author), Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11634, Greece. EM kapsok@aua.gr FU EU-European Social Fund; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Department of Food Science; Cornell University; U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory; U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS FX Part of this research project was cofinanced by EU-European Social Fund (75%) and the Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT (25%). The Department of Food Science, Cornell University, and the U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS, also contributed financially to the project. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1538 EP 1543 DI 10.1021/jf802877n PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409TZ UT WOS:000263530000062 PM 19183058 ER PT J AU Mondal, S Hays, DB Alviola, NJ Mason, RE Tilley, M Waniska, RD Bean, SR Glover, KD AF Mondal, Suchismita Hays, Dirk B. Alviola, Noviola J. Mason, Richard E. Tilley, Michael Waniska, Ralph D. Bean, Scott R. Glover, Karl D. TI Functionality of Gliadin Proteins in Wheat Flour Tortillas SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gliadin; wheat; tortilla; Gli 1; Gli 2 ID GLUTEN PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRACTIONS; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; LINES AB Gliadins are monomeric proteins that are encoded by the genes at the loci Gli 1 and Gli 2 present on the short arm of homologous wheat chromosomes 1 and 6, respectively. Studies have suggested that gliadins may play an important role in determining the functional properties of wheat flour. The main objective of this study was to understand the functionality of gliadins with respect to tortilla quality. The important tortilla quality attributes are diameter, opacity, and shelf stability, designated here as rollability or the ability to roll or fold the tortilla without cracking. In this study gliadin functionality in tortilla quality was studied using near-isogenic wheat lines that have deletions in either Gli A 1, Gli D1, GliA2, or Gli D2gliadin loci. The deletion lines are designated by the same abbreviations. Dough and tortillas were prepared from the parent line used to derive these deletion lines, each individual deletion line, and a control commercial tortilla flour. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations were performed on the dough and tortillas derived from the flour from each of these lines. None of the deletions in the gliadin loci altered the shelf stability versus that found for the parent to the deletion lines or control tortilla flour. However, deletions in the Gli 2 loci, in particular Gli A2 reduced the relative proportion of alpha- and beta-gliaclins with a greater cysteine amino acid content and gluten cross-link function versus the chain-terminating omega-gliadins in Gli 1, which were still present. As such, the dough and gluten matrix appeared to have greater extensibility, which improved the diameter and overall quality of the tortillas while not altering the rollability. Deletions in the Gli 1 loci had the opposite result with increased cross-linking of alpha- and beta-gliadins, polymeric protein content, and a stronger dough that decreased the diameter and overall quality of the tortillas. The data suggest that altering certain Gli 2 loci through null alleles could be a viable strategy to develop cultivars improved for the specific functionality requirements needed for the rapidly growing tortilla market. C1 [Mondal, Suchismita; Hays, Dirk B.; Alviola, Noviola J.; Mason, Richard E.; Waniska, Ralph D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tilley, Michael; Bean, Scott R.] ARS, USDA, GMPRC, GQSRU, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Glover, Karl D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Hays, DB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dbhays@neo.tamu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1600 EP 1605 DI 10.1021/jf802105e PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409TZ UT WOS:000263530000071 PM 19170634 ER PT J AU Cook, D Lee, ST Gardner, DR Pfister, JA Welch, KD Green, BT Davis, TZ Panter, KE AF Cook, Daniel Lee, Stephen T. Gardner, Dale R. Pfister, James A. Welch, Kevin D. Green, Benedict T. Davis, T. Zane Panter, Kip E. TI The Alkaloid Profiles of Lupinus sulphureus SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lupine; Lupinus sulphureus; lupine alkaloids; crooked calf disease ID CROOKED CALF DISEASE; PATTERNS; FORMOSUS AB Lupines are common plants on the rangelands in the western United States. Lupines contain alkaloids that can be toxic and teratogenic causing congenital birth defects (crooked calf disease). One such lupine, Lupinus sulphureus, occurs in parts of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Specimens of L. sulphureus from field collections and herbaria were evaluated taxonomically and by chemical means. A total of seven distinct alkaloid profiles and the individual alkaloids associated with each profile were identified. Each alkaloid profile was unique in its geographical distribution and its potential risk to livestock. In conclusion, taxonomic classification is not sufficient to determine risk, as chemical characterization of the alkaloids must also be performed. C1 [Cook, Daniel; Lee, Stephen T.; Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.; Welch, Kevin D.; Green, Benedict T.; Davis, T. Zane; Panter, Kip E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Cook, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E,1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM daniel.cook@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1646 EP 1653 DI 10.1021/jf803468q PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409TZ UT WOS:000263530000077 PM 19182952 ER PT J AU De Paz, JM Delgado, JA Ramos, C Shaffer, MJ Barbarick, KK AF De Paz, Jose M. Delgado, Jorge A. Ramos, Carlos Shaffer, Marvin J. Barbarick, Kenneth K. TI Use of a new GIS nitrogen index assessment tool for evaluation of nitrate leaching across a Mediterranean region SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammonia volatilization; Denitrification; Nitrate leaching; GIS; NUE; Nitrogen index ID NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; CITRUS TREES; SYSTEM; CROPS; AGRICULTURE; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; ROTATION; MODEL AB Traditional nitrogen (N) management practices with excessive N fertilizer application and higher N losses to the environment are more widely used than the recommended best management practices (BMPs) across the nitrogen vulnerable zone (NVZ) of the Mediterranean region of Valencia. Since reported underground concentrations for this region are as high as 100 mg NO(3)-N L(-1), nutrient managers and policy makers need quick tools that qualitatively rank N management and their respective N losses to the environment in order to implement BMPs across the region. Our hypothesis was that a new tier one GIS N index tool (GIS NIT-1), based on quantitative N mass balance and qualitative rankings, can be used to assess N management practices across the NVZ. The new GIS NIT-1 assessment tool was able to simulate N uptake, hydrology characteristics (water leaching), N dynamics and NO(3)-N leaching across several sites of the NVZ (P < 0.001). This study suggests that the GIS NIT-1 can be used to quickly identify practices that produce very low to moderate N losses to the environment from those with high and very high N rankings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] USDA ARS, Soil & Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [De Paz, Jose M.; Ramos, Carlos] Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Ctr Desarrolla Agr Sostenible, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Shaffer, Marvin J.] USDA ARS, Loveland, CO 80538 USA. [Barbarick, Kenneth K.] Colorado State Univ, Soils & Crops Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Plant Nutrient Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jmpaz@ivia.es; jorge.delgado@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; De Paz, Jose Miguel/E-6227-2014 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; De Paz, Jose Miguel/0000-0001-6734-3516 NR 75 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 365 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.022 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 412RR UT WOS:000263742400004 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Gollany, HT Rickman, RW Albrecht, SL Follett, RF Wilhelm, WW Novak, JM Douglas, CL AF Liang, Y. Gollany, H. T. Rickman, R. W. Albrecht, S. L. Follett, R. F. Wilhelm, W. W. Novak, J. M. Douglas, C. L., Jr. TI Simulafing soil organic matter with CQESTR (v. 2.0): Model description and validation against long-term experiments across North America SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Soil organic carbon; C modeling; C sequestration; Organic residue; Crop residue; Tillage ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CROP-ROTATION; ROOT-GROWTH; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION AB Soil carbon (C) models are important tools for examining complex interactions between climate, crop and soil management practices, and to evaluate the long-term effects of management practices on C-storage potential in soils. CQESTR is a process-based carbon balance model that relates crop residue additions and crop and soil management to soil organic matter (SOM) accretion or loss. This model was developed for national use in U.S and calibrated initially in the Pacific Northwest. Our objectives were: (i) to revise the model, making it more applicable for wider geographic areas including potential international. application, by modifying the thermal effect and incorporating soil texture and drainage effects, and (ii) to recalibrate and validate it for an extended range of soil properties and climate conditions. The current version of CQESTR (v. 2.0) is presented with the algorithms necessary to simulate SOM at field scale. Input data for SOM calculation include crop rotation, aboveground and belowground biomass additions, tillage, weather, and the nitrogen content of crop residues and any organic amendments. The model was validated with long-term data from across North America. Regression analysis of 306 pairs of predicted and measured SOM data under diverse climate, soil texture and drainage classes, and agronomic practices at 13 agricultural sites having a range of SOM (7.3-57.9 g SOM kg(-1)), resulted in a linear relationship with an r(2) of 0.95 (P < 0.0001) and a 95% confidence interval of 4.3 g SOM kg(-1). Using the same data the version 1.0 of CQESTR had an r(2) of 0.71 with a 95% confidence interval of 55 g SOM kg(-1). The model can be used as a tool to predict and evaluate SOM changes from various management practices and offers the potential to estimate C accretion required for C credits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gollany, H. T.; Rickman, R. W.; Albrecht, S. L.; Douglas, C. L., Jr.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Liang, Y.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Follett, R. F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wilhelm, W. W.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Novak, J. M.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM hero.gollany@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 4 BP 568 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.11.012 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411PY UT WOS:000263662900010 ER PT J AU Lodyga-Chruscinska, E Oldziej, S Sanna, D Micera, G Chruscinski, L Kaczmarek, K Nachman, RJ Zabrocki, J Sykula, A AF Lodyga-Chruscinska, E. Oldziej, S. Sanna, D. Micera, G. Chruscinski, L. Kaczmarek, K. Nachman, R. J. Zabrocki, J. Sykula, A. TI Coordination ability of insect kinin analogs SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE Metallopeptides; Complex formation; 4-aminopyroglutamate motif ID COPPER(II) IONS; COMPLEXES; PEPTIDES; CONSTANTS; CHAIN AB Spectroscopic data. including electronic absorption, CID and EPR results. as well as theoretical calculations have shown that the insertion of 4-aminopyroglutamate. a novel cis-peptide bond mimic, in the insect kinin peptide leads to an effective ligand towards Cu(II) ions at basic pH ranges. The 4-aminopyroglutamate motif induces a specific peptide conformation which favors the formation of one or two five-membered chelating rings stabilizing a bent structure, with the coordination of 3N-type or 4N-type in the metallopeptide molecule involving in metal bonding C-terminal of modified peptide. it is worth noting that the copper(II) bonding does not undergo hydrolysis even at a very high pH range. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lodyga-Chruscinska, E.; Sykula, A.] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Gen Food Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. [Sanna, D.] Ist CNR Chim Biomol, I-07040 Sassari, Italy. [Oldziej, S.] Univ Gdansk, Intercollegiate Fac Biotechnol, Lab Biopolymer Struct, PL-80822 Gdansk, Poland. [Oldziej, S.] Med Univ Gdansk, PL-80822 Gdansk, Poland. [Micera, G.] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Chim, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Chruscinski, L.] Tech Univ Lodz, Fac Proc & Environm Engn, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. [Kaczmarek, K.; Zabrocki, J.] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. [Zabrocki, J.] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Lodyga-Chruscinska, E (reprint author), Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Gen Food Chem, Ul Stefanowskiego 4-10, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. EM elalodyg@p.lodz.pl RI micera, giovanni/C-1655-2012; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012; Sanna, Daniele/G-9021-2011; Oldziej, Stanislaw/L-6113-2014; OI Sanna, Daniele/0000-0001-9299-0141; Lodyga-Chruscinska, Elzbieta/0000-0003-3123-2413 FU USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative [0500-32000-001-01R] FX Calculations were carried out with the use of computational resources of the Informatics Center of the Metropolitan Academic Network (Cl TASK) at the Technical University of Gdansk. Financial assistance from a grant from the USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) (RJN,KK,JZ) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD FEB 24 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2008.11.051 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 419RC UT WOS:000264236000011 ER PT J AU Mitra, O Callaham, MA Smith, ML Yack, JE AF Mitra, O. Callaham, M. A., Jr. Smith, M. L. Yack, J. E. TI Grunting for worms: seismic vibrations cause Diplocardia earthworms to emerge from the soil SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE earthworm; vibration; escape; rain; moles AB Harvesting earthworms by a practice called 'worm grunting' is a widespread and profitable business in the southeastern USA. Although a variety of techniques are used, most involve rhythmically scraping a wooden stake driven into the ground, with a flat metal object. A common assumption is that vibrations cause the worms to surface, but this phenomenon has not been studied experimentally. We demonstrate that Diplocardia earthworms emerge from the soil within minutes following the onset of grunting. Broadband low frequency (500 Hz) pulsed vibrations were present in the soil throughout the area where worms were harvested, and the number of worms emerging decreased as the seismic signal decayed over distance. The findings are discussed in relation to two hypotheses: that worms are escaping vibrations caused by digging foragers and that worms are surfacing in response to vibrations caused by falling rain. C1 [Mitra, O.; Smith, M. L.; Yack, J. E.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Callaham, M. A., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Yack, JE (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM jyack@ccs.carleton.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust FX We thank the personnel at Apalachicola National Forest for permission to use the study area. Financial support was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Innovation Trust ( to J.E.Y.). NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0456 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 396MV UT WOS:000262596700005 PM 18854292 ER PT J AU Young, MK Schmetterling, DA AF Young, Michael K. Schmetterling, David A. TI Age-Related Seasonal Variation in Captures of Stream-Borne Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas boreas, Bufonidae) in Western Montana SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN DECLINE; MOVEMENTS; EXTINCTION; FOWLERI; ECOLOGY; RANGE AB Like many species of amphibians, Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas boreas, Bufonidae) are declining throughout portions of their range. Recent efforts have focused on describing the ecology of this species, yet few studies have evaluated demographic characteristics that may Influence the persistence of Boreal Toad populations. Because Boreal Toads often convey themselves down valleys via stream channels in some areas, we set upstream-facing hoop nets In early to late summer in several first- to third-order tributaries In two western Montana river basins to assess the sizes of individuals using streams and examine temporal and spatial variation In captures. We made 923 captures of juvenile and adult Boreal Toads. Adult females were up to 125 mm snout-vent length, whereas males never exceeded 105 mm. Females tended to be heavier than males and female weights were significantly more variable. Early-summer captures were dominated by juvenile toads <40 mm, late summer catches were largely of Individuals >70 mm, and toads of intermediate size were rare throughout. In tributaries of one river basin, captures of toads were more widely distributed In late summer than In early summer, whereas In tributaries of the other basin catches were similarly distributed In both periods. We Infer from these patterns that frequent and perhaps far-ranging movements by juveniles and adults are typical of Boreal Toads In this region. We contend that netting streams in summer represents a useful complement to breeding site surveys for understanding the demographics and distribution of Boreal Toads, and perhaps other non-breeding amphibians near streams. C1 [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Schmetterling, David A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. RP Young, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkyoung@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 23 PY 2009 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1643/CE-07-188 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 412TV UT WOS:000263748000016 ER PT J AU Han, MG Kim, S AF Han, Moon Gyu Kim, Sanghoon TI Controlled degradation of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (PECA-co-PMMA) copolymers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate); Radical copolymerization; Unzipping degradation ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ALPHA-CYANOACRYLATE; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; NANOPARTICLES; POLYMERS AB Copolymers of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (PECA-co-PMMA) with various compositions were synthesized by free radical bulk polymerization in an effort to control degradation and stability as well as glass transition temperature to overcome intrinsic poor processability of the poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) (PECA) homopolymer. The copolymers were found to have an alternating random tendency, which was responsible for the efficient inhibition of the unzipping degradation from the polymer chain. Consequently, the stability of the copolymers at elevated temperature and in solution was significantly improved compared to the PECA homopolymer. The glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were lowered by the incorporation of the methyl methacrylate (MMA), thereby further widening the operating temperature range of the polymer. On the other hand, the copolymer films exhibited hydrolytic degradation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at 37 degrees C, which is promising for their use as novel biomaterials. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Moon Gyu; Kim, Sanghoon] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Han, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mghanm@gmail.com OI Han, Moon Gyu/0000-0003-4223-3286 FU Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation (BRDC) FX The authors are grateful to the Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation (BRDC) for the financial support. The assistance of Dr. Abdellatif Mohamed and Mr. Jason Adkins with the TGA and DSC experiments is greatly appreciated. We also thank Dr. Karl Vermillion for his NMR experiment and helpful comments. We are also grateful to Ms. Sheila Maroney for her help in preparing the manuscript. Careful review of this manuscript by Dr. Sean Liu is also appreciated. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 23 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1270 EP 1280 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.027 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 415SR UT WOS:000263955800026 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Rosenthal, B Hoberg, E Mitreva, M AF Zarlenga, D. S. Rosenthal, B. Hoberg, E. Mitreva, M. TI Integrating genomics and phylogenetics in understanding the history of Trichinella species SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY SEP 25-30, 2007 CL Plitvice Lakes Natl Pk, CROATIA DE Trichinella; Phylogeny; Genome sequencing; Nematode ID PHYLUM NEMATODA; ORIGIN AB In 2004, funding was received by Washington University's Genome Sequencing Center through NHGRI, to completely sequence several nematode genomes as part of a holistic effort to advance our understanding of the human genome and evolution within the Metazoa. Trichinella spiralis was among this group of worms because of its strategic location at the base of the phylum Nematoda, and the belief that extant species represented an ancient divergent event that occurred as early as the Paleozoic. At the same time, a concerted effort was put forth to solidify the phylogeny of extant species of Trichinella based upon molecular analyses of a multi-gene system to understand the history of the genus and thereby enhance utilization of the forthcoming sequence data. Since the inception of this research, several findings have emerged: (1) the size of T. spiralis genome estimated by flow cytometry (71.3 Mb) is substantially smaller than originally predicted (270 Mb); (2) to date, a subset of the total of 3,534,683 sequences have been assembled into a 59.3 Mb unique sequence; (3) 19% of the assembled sequence is comprised of repetitive elements; and (4) sequence data are predicated upon extant T. spiralis which probably diverged as little as 20 million years ago. Thus, the utility of the T. spiralis genome as representative of an archaic species must be tempered with the knowledge that encapsulated and non-encapsulated clades probably separated during the mid-Miocene as temperate ecosystems changed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zarlenga, D. S.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zarlenga, D. S.; Rosenthal, B.; Hoberg, E.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mitreva, M.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, Bldg 1180,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dante.Zarlenga@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 23 PY 2009 VL 159 IS 3-4 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.061 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 416XI UT WOS:000264038400005 PM 19046815 ER PT J AU Gillette, NE Mehmel, CJ Webster, JN Mori, SR Erbilgin, N Wood, DL Stein, JD AF Gillette, N. E. Mehmel, C. J. Webster, J. N. Mori, S. R. Erbilgin, N. Wood, D. L. Stein, J. D. TI Aerially applied methylcyclohexenone-releasing flakes protect Pseudotsuga menziesii stands from attack by Dendroctonus pseudotsugae SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pheromones; Bark beetles; Scolytidae; Semiochemicals; Douglas-fir beetle; Scolytinae; Curculionidae ID DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE; PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; NORTHWEST FOREST PLAN; HIGH-RISK STANDS; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; ANTIAGGREGATION PHEROMONE; TREE MORTALITY; FELLED TREES; INFESTATION; RANGE AB We tested methylcyclohexenone (MCH), an anti-aggregation pheromone for the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae), for protection of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands by applying MCH-releasing polymer flakes by helicopter twice during summer 2006 to five 4.05-ha plots in the State of Washington, USA. Five similar plots served as untreated controls. We assessed D. pseudotsugae flight into study plots using baited pheromone traps, and tallied D. pseudotsugae attack rates on all P. menziesii trees in 2005 and 2006. We also measured stand basal area and incorporated that as an explanatory Significantly fewer D. pseudotsugae were trapped in treated plots than in control variable in the analysis. plots, and significantly fewer P. menziesii trees were attacked in treated plots than in control plots. The attack rate in untreated stands was nearly 10 times that of treated plots, and stands with higher basal area were significantly more likely to be attacked by D. pseudotsugae than were stands of lower basal area. Attack rates in 2006 and 2005 were significantly correlated, regardless of treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gillette, N. E.; Mori, S. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Mehmel, C. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Webster, J. N.] Total Forestry, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. [Erbilgin, N.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Erbilgin, N.; Wood, D. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stein, J. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM ngillette@fs.fed.us RI Erbilgin, Nadir/F-3675-2014 OI Erbilgin, Nadir/0000-0001-9912-8095 FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (Morgantown, WV) FX This project was funded by a grant from the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (Morgantown, WV). We thank James Heath and Priscilla McLean, Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA, for providing MCH-releasing flakes to our specifications for testing; John Mateski, Western Helicopter, Newberg, Oregon, for providing a meticulous application of flakes. We thank Kevin Dodds (USDA Forest Service, Durham, New Hampshire) for a review that greatly improved the manuscript. We also gratefully acknowledge Mallory Lenz, wildlife biologist on the Chelan Ranger District, for invaluable assistance with logistics and the NEPA process, Roy Maggelsen for GIS assistance and for his incredible stamina and agility in the field, and our student assistant Kirsten Addis, for patient collection, identification, and counting of beetles all summer long. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 4 BP 1231 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.037 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412GM UT WOS:000263712800006 ER PT J AU Atwood, CJ Fox, TR Loftis, DL AF Atwood, Chad J. Fox, Thomas R. Loftis, David L. TI Effects of alternative silviculture on stump sprouting in the southern Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Variable retention harvest; Oak regeneration; Clearcut; Leave-tree; Shelterwood; Stump sprouts ID RED OAK; REPRODUCTION; GROWTH; TREES AB Stump sprouts are an important form of regeneration for a number of species in the southern Appalachians, especially the oaks (Quercus spp.). Alternative regeneration systems to clearcutting such as shelterwood and leave-tree systems are being implemented in many hardwood stands in the Appalachians. However, the effects of these alternative silvicultural systems on stump sprouts are not known. Therefore. we evaluated the impact of three silvicultural systems: a clearcut, leave-tree, and shelterwood on stump sprouting. These treatments were implemented in seven stands in Virginia and West Virginia in the Appalachian Plateau (AP) and Ridge and Valley (RV) physiographic provinces. The stands were even-aged oak dominated Appalachian hardwood stands with ages ranging from 62 to 100 years. Species were placed into six groups: (1) red oak (Quercus spp.), (2) chestnut oak (Q prinus L.), (3) white oak (Q alba L.) and hickory (Carya spp.), (4) red maple (Acer rubrum L.), (5) mixed mesic, and (6) midstory groups. Partial harvesting also reduced the number of sprouts per stump for the red oak group and red maple. Sprouting probabilities were generally less in the Appalachian Plateau than the Ridge and Valley, particularly for the oaks (Quercus spp.). Partial harvesting systems decreased sprouting in both physiographic provinces. However, the sprouting in specific species groups varied between the two physiographic provinces. In the Ridge and Valley, the highest sprouting rates were in the clearcut for the red oak (60%), chestnut oak (77%), white oak-hickory (26%), and midstory (33%) species groups. Red maple sprouting was highest in the leave-tree (67%) in the Ridge and Valley. The mixed mesic and midstory groups were only reduced in the Ridge and Valley. Sprouting was negatively correlated with residual basal area for the red oak group, chestnut oak, and red maple. For the all oak species except white oak, sprouting was reduced by about 2% for every 1m(2)/ha increase in residual basal area. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Atwood, Chad J.; Fox, Thomas R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Loftis, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Atwood, CJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cja158@vt.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35101-15363] FX The authors thank David Smith, Carola Haas, and Robert Jones for collaboration on this project. This project was supported by the National Research Institute of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2005-35101-15363. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 4 BP 1305 EP 1313 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.028 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412GM UT WOS:000263712800014 ER PT J AU Ryu, SR Concilio, A Chen, JQ North, M Ma, SY AF Ryu, Soung-Ryoul Concilio, Amy Chen, Jiquan North, Malcolm Ma, Siyan TI Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning effects on belowground conditions and soil respiration in a mixed-conifer forest, California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil respiration; Autotrophic soil respiration; Heterotrophic soil respiration; Thinning; Burning; Root ID DOMINANT PATCH TYPES; FINE-ROOT BIOMASS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SUGAR MAPLE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; WATER CONTENT; PINE FOREST; OLD-GROWTH; RED PINE AB Soil respiration (R-S) is a major carbon pathway from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere and is sensitive to environmental changes. Although commonly used mechanical thinning and prescribed burning can significantly alter the soil environment, the effect of these practices on R-S and on the interactions between R-S and belowground characteristics in managed forests is not sufficiently understood. We: (1) examined the effects of burning and thinning treatments on soil conditions, (2) identified any changes in the effects of soil chemical and physical properties on R-S under burning and thinning treatments, and (3) indirectly estimated the changes in the autotrophic soil respiration (RA) and heterotrophic soil respiration (RH) contribution to R-S under burning and thinning treatments. We conducted our study in the Teakettle Experimental Forest where a full factorial design was implemented with three levels of thinning, none (N), understory thinning (U), and overstory thinning (0; September to October 2000 for thin burn combination and June and July 2001 for thin only treatments) and two levels of burning, none (U) and prescribed burning (B; fall of 2001). R-S, soil temperature, soil moisture, litter depth, soil total nitrogen and carbon content, soil pH, root biomass, and root nitrogen (N) concentration were measured between June 15 and July 15, 2002 at each plot. During this period, soil respiration was measured three times at each point and averaged by point. When we assumed the uniform and even contribution of R-A and R-H to R-S in the studied ecosystem without disturbances and a linear relationship of root N content and RA, we calculated the contributions of R-A to R-S as 22,45, 53,48, and 45% in UU, UO, BN, BU, and BO, respectively. The results suggested that after thinning, Rs was controlled more by RH while after burning Rs was more influenced by RA. The least amount of Rs variation was explained by studied factors under the most severe treatment (130 treatment). Overall, root biomass, root N concentration, and root N content were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with soil respiration with correlation coefficients of 0.37, -0.28, and 0.29, respectively. This study contributes to our understanding of how common forestry management practices might affect soil carbon sequestration, as soil respiration is a major component of ecosystem respiration. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryu, Soung-Ryoul] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Concilio, Amy] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [North, Malcolm] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ryu, SR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 206 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM nickny@hotmail.com RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 FU US Forest Service's Sierra Nevada Research Cente; University of Toledo FX This research was funded by the US Forest Service's Sierra Nevada Research Center, the joint Fire Science Program, and the University of Toledo. We thank Seang-Youn Choi, Mi-han Lee, James Innes, Harold Zald, Josh Reed, and all the summer technicians during the 2002 field season for helping with data collection. We also appreciated constructive suggestions from Dr. Joan L. Walker in US Forest Service and LEES Laboratory members at the University of Toledo. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 4 BP 1324 EP 1332 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.033 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412GM UT WOS:000263712800016 ER PT J AU Negron, JF McMillin, JD Anhold, JA Coulson, D AF Negron, Jose F. McMillin, Joel D. Anhold, John A. Coulson, Dave TI Bark beetle-caused mortality in a drought-affected ponderosa pine landscape in Arizona, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Drought; lps; Bark beetles; Ponderosa pine; Pinus ponderosa ID FOLIAR MOISTURE-CONTENT; NORTHERN ARIZONA; TREE MORTALITY; OLEORESIN CHARACTERISTICS; SPECIES COLEOPTERA; FLIGHT PERIODICITY; FOREST STRUCTURE; LODGEPOLE PINE; MIXED-CONIFER; GLOBAL-CHANGE AB Extensive ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) mortality associated with a widespread severe drought and increased bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) populations occurred in Arizona from 2001 to 2004. A complex of lps beetles including: the Arizona fivespined ips, lps lecontei Swaine, the pine engraver beetle, Ips pini (Say), Ips calligraphus (Germar), Ips latidens (LeConte), lps knausi Swaine and Ips integer (Eichhoff) were the primary bark beetle species associated with ponderosa pine mortality. In this study we examine stand conditions and physiographic factors associated with bark beetle-caused tree mortality in ponderosa pine forests across five National Forests in Arizona. A total of 633 fixed-radius plots were established across five National Forests in Arizona: Apache-Sitgreaves, Coconino, Kaibab, Prescott, and Tonto. Prior to the bark beetle outbreak, plots with mortality had higher tree and stocking compared with plots without pine mortality. Logistic regression modeling found that probability of ponderosa pine mortality caused by bark beetles was positively correlated with tree density and inversely related with elevation and tree diameter. Given the large geographical extent of this study resulting logistic models to estimate the likelihood of bark beetle attack should have wide applicability across similar ponderosa pine forests across the Southwest. This is particularly true of a model driven by tree density and elevation constructed by combining all forests. Tree mortality resulted in significant reductions in basal area, tree density, stand density index, and mean tree diameter for ponderosa pine and for all species combined in these forests. Most of the observed pine mortality was in the 10-35 cm diameter class, which comprise much of the increase in tree density over the past century as a result of fire suppression and grazing practices. Ecological implications of tree mortality are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Negron, Jose F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [McMillin, Joel D.; Anhold, John A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Coulson, Dave] US Forest Serv, USDA, Anadarko Ind, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM jnegron@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service FX We acknowledge and sincerely thank Steve McKelvey, Brian Howell, Kelly Williams, Arthur "Atom" Bassett, Joleen Rosson-Atencio, Stacy Marlatt, Kevin Johnson, Amanda Garcia and Melissa Fischer for their tireless efforts in field work, and data entry. Our gratitude is extended to Jesse Anderson and Kelly Williams for creation of GIS maps. We also thank the Apache-Sitgreaves, Coconino, Kaibab, Prescott, and Tonto National Forests for permitting this work on public lands. We also thank John Withrow and Susy Stephens for assistance in figure preparation, Mike Ryan and Holly Kearns for early reviews of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments significantly improved this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by a USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring, Evaluation Monitoring Program grant to Forest Health, R3 and funding provided by the USDA Forest Service, Washington Office to the Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 69 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 4 BP 1353 EP 1362 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.002 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412GM UT WOS:000263712800019 ER PT J AU Marchant, CC Wilkerson, TD Bingham, GE Zavyalov, VV Andersen, JM Wright, CB Cornelsen, SS Martin, RS Silva, PJ Hatfield, JL AF Marchant, Christian C. Wilkerson, Thomas D. Bingham, Gail E. Zavyalov, Vladimir V. Andersen, Jan Marie Wright, Cordell B. Cornelsen, Scott S. Martin, Randal S. Silva, Philip J. Hatfield, Jerry L. TI Aglite lidar: a portable elastic lidar system for investigating aerosol and wind motions at or around agricultural production facilities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE lidar; aerosol; wind motion; PM10; PM2.5 ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; PM10 EMISSIONS; ASSISTED MEASUREMENT; DUST PRODUCTION; SCANNING LIDAR; CALIFORNIA; OPERATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; RADIOSONDE AB The Aglite Lidar is a portable scanning lidar that can be quickly deployed at agricultural and other air quality study sites. The purpose of Aglite is to map the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in aerosol plumes from agricultural and other sources. Aglite uses a high-repetition rate low-pulse energy 3-wavelength YAG laser with photon-counting detection together with a steerable pointing mirror to measure aerosol concentration with high spatial and temporal resolution. Aglite has been used in field campaigns in Iowa, Utah and California. The instrument is described, and performance and lidar sensitivity data are presented. The value of the lidar in aerosol plume mapping is demonstrated, as is the ability to extract wind-speed information from the lidar data C1 [Marchant, Christian C.; Wilkerson, Thomas D.; Bingham, Gail E.; Zavyalov, Vladimir V.; Andersen, Jan Marie; Wright, Cordell B.] Space Dynam Lab, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Cornelsen, Scott S.] Campbell Sci, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Martin, Randal S.; Silva, Philip J.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Marchant, CC (reprint author), Space Dynam Lab, 1695 N Res Pkwy, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM tom.wilkerson@sdl.usu.edu; jerry.hatfield@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [58-3625-4-121] FX The development of the Aglite system was performed under USDA Agreement number 58-3625-4-121 with Dr. Jerry Hatfield, the Director of the National Soil Tilth Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, providing valuable direction to the Aglite development team. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Michael D. Wojcik of SDL for providing valuable suggestions on the manuscript. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033511 DI 10.1117/1.3097928 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520SN UT WOS:000271868400002 ER PT J AU Zitomer, NC Mitchell, T Voss, KA Bondy, GS Pruett, ST Garnier-Amblard, EC Liebeskind, LS Park, H Wang, E Sullards, MC Merrill, AH Riley, RT AF Zitomer, Nicholas C. Mitchell, Trevor Voss, Kenneth A. Bondy, Genevieve S. Pruett, Sarah T. Garnier-Amblard, Ethel C. Liebeskind, Lanny S. Park, Hyejung Wang, Elaine Sullards, M. Cameron Merrill, Alfred H., Jr. Riley, Ronald T. TI Ceramide Synthase Inhibition by Fumonisin B-1 Causes Accumulation of 1-Deoxysphinganine A NOVEL CATEGORY OF BIOACTIVE 1-DEOXYSPHINGOID BASES AND 1-DEOXYDIHYDROCERAMIDES BIOSYNTHESIZED BY MAMMALIAN CELL LINES AND ANIMALS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RENAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FREE SPHINGOID BASES; SERINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; IN-VIVO; METABOLISM; CYTOTOXICITY; SPHINGANINE; APOPTOSIS AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin that inhibits ceramide synthases (CerS) and causes kidney and liver toxicity and other disease. Inhibition of CerS by FB1 increases sphinganine (Sa), Sa 1-phosphate, and a previously unidentified metabolite. Analysis of the latter by quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry assigned an m/z = 286.3123 in positive ionization mode, consistent with the molecular formula for deoxysphinganine (C18H40NO). Comparison with a synthetic standard using liquid chromatography, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry identified the metabolite as 1-deoxysphinganine (1-deoxySa) based on LC mobility and production of a distinctive fragment ion (m/z 44, CH3CH = NH2+) upon collision-induced dissociation. This novel sphingoid base arises from condensation of alanine with palmitoyl-CoA via serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), as indicated by incorporation of L-[U-C-13] alanine into 1-deoxySa by Vero cells; inhibition of its production in LLC-PK1 cells by myriocin, an SPT inhibitor; and the absence of incorporation of [U-C-13] palmitate into 1-[C-13] deoxySa in LY-B cells, which lack SPT activity. LY-B-LCB1 cells, in which SPT has been restored by stable transfection, however, produce large amounts of 1-[C-13] deoxySa. 1-DeoxySa was elevated in FB1-treated cells and mouse liver and kidney, and its cytotoxicity was greater than or equal to that of Sa for LLC-PK1 and DU-145 cells. Therefore, this compound is likely to contribute to pathologies associated with fumonisins. In the absence of FB1, substantial amounts of 1-deoxySa are made and acylated to N-acyl-1-deoxySa (i.e. 1-deoxydihydroceramides). Thus, these compounds are an underappreciated category of bioactive sphingoid bases and "ceramides" that might play important roles in cell regulation. C1 [Zitomer, Nicholas C.; Mitchell, Trevor; Voss, Kenneth A.; Riley, Ronald T.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Bondy, Genevieve S.] Hlth Canada, Food Directorate, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Pruett, Sarah T.] Emory Univ, Biomarkers Core Lab, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Garnier-Amblard, Ethel C.; Liebeskind, Lanny S.] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Park, Hyejung; Wang, Elaine; Sullards, M. Cameron; Merrill, Alfred H., Jr.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sullards, M. Cameron; Merrill, Alfred H., Jr.] Georgia Inst Technol, Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM ron.riley@ars.usda.gov RI Pruett, Sarah/C-7433-2009 FU National Institutes of Health [GM76217, GM69338, GM066153] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants GM76217 and GM69338 (LIPID MAPS) (to A. H. M., H. P., and M. C. S.) and GM066153 (to E. C. G.- A. and L. S. L.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked " advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 42 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 8 BP 4786 EP 4795 DI 10.1074/jbc.M808798200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 408DY UT WOS:000263416600006 PM 19095642 ER PT J AU Xia, Y Gao, QM Yu, KS Lapchyk, L Navarre, D Hildebrand, D Kachroo, A Kachroo, P AF Xia, Ye Gao, Qing-Ming Yu, Keshun Lapchyk, Ludmila Navarre, Duroy Hildebrand, David Kachroo, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep TI An Intact Cuticle in Distal Tissues Is Essential for the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants SO CELL HOST & MICROBE LA English DT Article ID DEFENSE SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CARRIER PROTEIN ISOFORMS; COENZYME-A SYNTHETASE; CHAIN ACYL-COENZYME; FATTY-ACID; SALICYLIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GLYCEROLIPID METABOLISM; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; METHYL SALICYLATE AB Systemic acquired resistance (SAR), initiated by a plant upon recognition of microbial effectors, involves generation of a mobile signal at the primary infection site, which translocates to and activates defense responses in distal tissues via unknown mechanism(s). We find that an acyl carrier protein, ACP4, is required to perceive the mobile SAR signal in distal tissues of Arabidopsis. Although acp4 plants generated the mobile signal, they failed to induce the systemic immunity response. Defective SAR in acp4 plants was not due to impairment in salicylic acid (SA)-, methyl SA-, or jasmonic acid-mediated plant hormone signaling pathways but was associated with the impaired cuticle of acp4 leaves. Other cuticle-impairing genetic mutations or physical removal of the cuticle also compromised SAR. This cuticular requirement was relevant only during mobile signal generation and its translocation to distal tissues. Collectively, these data suggest an active role for the plant cuticle in SAR-related molecular signaling. C1 [Xia, Ye; Gao, Qing-Ming; Yu, Keshun; Lapchyk, Ludmila; Kachroo, Aardra; Kachroo, Pradeep] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Navarre, Duroy] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Hildebrand, David] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Kachroo, A (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM apkach@uky.edu; pk62@uky.edu FU National Science Foundation's EPSCoR program [EPS-0236913]; State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation; Kansas State University; NSF; USDA-NRI [2004-03287]; KSEF [419-RDE004, 04RDE-006, 820-RDE-007]; [MCB 0421914] FX We thank John Johnson for help with gas chromatography, Larry Rice for help with SEM, Mary Gail Engle for help with TEM, Claire Venard for help with thick sectioning, Rae-Dong Jeong for quantification of R gene levels, and Thomas Muse and Lev Orlov for help with fatty acid extractions and genotyping. We also thank Mike Pollard for cutin monomer spectra and useful advice, John Browse for 1acs2 and lacs9 seeds, and Walter Grassmann for Pseudomonas syringae strain containing AvrRPS4. We thank Kansas Lipidomics Research Center Analytical Laboratory and its support from National Science Foundation's EPSCoR program, under grant number EPS-0236913 with matching support from the State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation and Kansas State University. This work was supported by grants from NSF (MCB#0421914), USDA-NRI (2004-03287), and KSEF (419-RDE004, 04RDE-006, 820-RDE-007). NR 49 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1931-3128 J9 CELL HOST MICROBE JI Cell Host Microbe PD FEB 19 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 2 BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.chom.2009.01.001 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 413SY UT WOS:000263814000007 PM 19218086 ER PT J AU Boland, JL Hayes, JP Smith, WP Huso, MM AF Boland, Julia L. Hayes, John P. Smith, Winston P. Huso, Manuela M. TI SELECTION OF DAY-ROOSTS BY KEEN'S MYOTIS (MYOTIS KEENII) AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexander Archipelago; bats; Keen's myotis; Myotis keenii; Prince of Wales Island; roosting; roost selection; southeastern Alaska; spatial scales; temperate rain forest ID LONG-EARED BATS; WESTERN OREGON; SITE SELECTION; BROWN BATS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; RIPARIAN ZONES; DWELLING BAT AB Keen's myotis (Myotis keenii) has one of the most limited geographic distributions of any species of bat in North America. Because there is little knowledge of its roosting ecology, we examined selection of day-roosts in trees by male and female Keen's myotis at 3 spatial scales (tree, tree plot, and landscape) on Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska, from May to September 2006. We selected variables known to influence roost selection by other tree-roosting bats for logistic regression models. We used Akaike's information criterion to rank all models within and between scales according to their ability to differentiate between characteristics of used and available roosts and we determined the effect of each variable with model-averaged coefficient estimates and associated odds ratios. We tracked 13 females and 6 males to 62 and 24 roosts in trees, respectively. Selection of day-roosts by males and females was most strongly influenced by characteristics of trees. The odds a tree was used for roosting by female Keen's myotis increased with the presence of defects, increasing diameter, and decreasing bark; increasing quadratic mean diameter in the tree plot; and decreasing distance to the nearest stream and increasing proportion of old growth in the landscape. Male Keen's myotis exhibited flexibility in types of roosts chosen, but the odds of a tree being used increased with decreasing bark, the presence of defects, and increasing slope-height. The odds a tree was used as a roost by males also increased with the increasing proportion of trees in early to late decay stages in the tree plot. Some habitat features differed between males and females at each spatial scale and differences are likely a reflection of the energetic demands associated with reproduction. We suggest that maintaining structural components characteristic of old-growth rain forest will promote conservation of Keen's myotis in southeastern Alaska. C1 [Smith, Winston P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Boland, Julia L.; Hayes, John P.; Huso, Manuela M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM julia.boland88@gmail.com RI Hayes, John/C-7967-2016 OI Hayes, John/0000-0002-6462-6876 FU Alaska Fish and Game and Oregon State University FX We thank R. M. Brighain and 2 anonymous reviewers for providing very helpful Suggestions on the original manuscript. We thank J. Tharp, A. Miles, T. Gillen, A. Sjollema, L. Beard, and K. Thompson for their field assistance. Alaska Fish and Game and Oregon State University provided financial and administrative support and the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southeast Region, provided substantial logistical support and geographical information system data. Geographical information system data also were provided by David Albert and the Nature Conservancy and geographical information system technical assistance was provided by J. Thompson. We thank the communities on Prince of Wales Island for support and guidance. NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB 18 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 1 BP 222 EP 234 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-369.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 413QF UT WOS:000263806900026 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Nonnecke, BJ Thacker, TC Scherer, CFC Esters, DM Hewinson, RG Vordermeier, HM Barnes, SW Federe, GC Walker, JR Glynne, RJ Hsu, T Weinrick, B Biermann, K Larsen, MH Jacobs, WR AF Waters, W. Ray Palmer, Mitchell V. Nonnecke, Brain J. Thacker, Tyler C. Scherer, Charles F. Capinos Esters, D. Mark Hewinson, R. Glyn Vordermeier, H. Martin Barnes, S. Whitney Federe, Glenn C. Walker, John R. Glynne, Richard J. Hsu, Tsungda Weinrick, Brian Biermann, Karolin Larsen, Michelle H. Jacobs, William R., Jr. TI Efficacy and immunogenicity of Mycobacterium bovis Delta RD1 against aerosol M. bovis infection in neonatal calves SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Live bacterial vaccine; RD1; BCG; Neonatal calf; Aerosol inoculation ID BACILLE CALMETTE-GUERIN; WHITE-TAILED DEER; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; AFFECT VIRULENCE; BCG; CATTLE; VACCINATION; VACCINES; ATTENUATION; PROTECTION AB An attenuated Mycobacterium bovis RD1 deletion (Delta RD1) mutant of the Ravenel strain was constructed, characterized, and sequenced. This M. bovis Delta RD1 vaccine strain administered to calves at 2 weeks of age provided similar efficacy as M. bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) against low dose, aerosol challenge with virulent M. bovis at 3.5 months of age. Approximately 4.5 months after challenge, both Delta RD1- and BCG-vaccinates had reduced tuberculosis (TB)-associated pathology in lungs and lung-associated lymph nodes and M. bovis colonization of tracheobronchial lymph nodes as compared to non-vaccinates. Mean central memory responses elicited by either Delta RD1 or BCG prior to challenge correlated with reduced pathology and bacterial colonization. Neither Delta RD1 or BCG elicited IFN-gamma responses to rESAT-6:CFP-10 prior to challenge, an emerging tool for modern TB surveillance programs. The Delta RD1 strain may prove useful for bovine TB vaccine programs, particularly if additional mutations are included to improve safety and immunogenicity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Waters, W. Ray] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, TB Res Project, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Scherer, Charles F. Capinos; Esters, D. Mark] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Scherer, Charles F. Capinos; Esters, D. Mark] Univ Texas Med Branch, Sealy Ctr, Vaccine Dept, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Hewinson, R. Glyn; Vordermeier, H. Martin] UK Vet Lab Agcy, Surrey, England. [Barnes, S. Whitney; Federe, Glenn C.; Walker, John R.; Glynne, Richard J.] Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Hsu, Tsungda; Weinrick, Brian; Biermann, Karolin; Larsen, Michelle H.; Jacobs, William R., Jr.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Hsu, Tsungda; Weinrick, Brian; Biermann, Karolin; Larsen, Michelle H.; Jacobs, William R., Jr.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, TB Res Project, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ray.waters@ars.usda.gov RI Hewinson, Glyn/F-7077-2010; Weinrick, Brian/F-6478-2011; Hewinson, Glyn/J-1902-2014; Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 OI Weinrick, Brian/0000-0003-0880-4487; FU [A126170] FX We thank Nancy Eischen, Jim Fosse, Mike Howard, Rachel Huegel, Peter Lasley, Mike Marti, Bart Olthoff, and Jessica Pollock for excellent technical support; Jason Crabtree, Doug Ewing, Jay Steffen, and Robin Zeisness for excellent animal care; and Theresa Anspach for excellent veterinary care. This work was supported by A126170. NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 18 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1201 EP 1209 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.018 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 412GH UT WOS:000263712200008 PM 19135497 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, W Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne Momany, Frank A. TI DFT conformation and energies of amylose fragments at atomic resolution. Part 1: syn forms of alpha-maltotetraose SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DFT; B3LYP/6-311++G**; DP-4 amylose; V-helix; COSMO ID BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK LEVEL; GEOMETRY-OPTIMIZATION; CELLOBIOSE; CRYSTAL; MALTOSE; AMYLASE; INITIO; B3LYP/6-311++G; HYDRATION AB DFT optimization studies of 90 syn alpha-maltotetraose (DP-4) amylose fragments have been carried out at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. The DP-4 fragments studied include V-helix, tightly bent conformations, a boat, and a (1)C(4) conformer. The standard hydroxymethyl rotamers (gg, gt, tg) were examined at different locations in the residue sequence, and their influence on the bridge conformations phi/psi values and conformer energy is described. Hydroxyl groups were considered to be homodromic, that is, they are either in the all clockwise, 'c', or all counterclockwise, 'r'. Energy differences between conformations are examined in order to assess the stability of the different conformations and to identify the sources of energy that dictate amylose polymer formation. A small nearly cyclic compact structure is of low energy as one would expect when these flexible molecules are studied in vacuo. Many conformations in which the only differences are a single hydroxymethyl variation in the residue sequence show similar energies and bridge conformations, with trends being a result of the hydroxymethyl as well as hydroxyl orientation. In general the V structures are of lower energy than the 'r' structures, although this is only true for the in vacuo state. The solvent dependence on conformational preference of several low-energy DP-4 structures was investigated via the continuum solvation method COSMO. These results suggest that the 'r' structures may be favored for fully solvated molecules. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.; Momany, Frank A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 344 IS 3 BP 362 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.017 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 416XC UT WOS:000264037800014 PM 19111747 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Momany, Frank A. TI DFT conformation and energies of amylose fragments at atomic resolution. Part 2: 'band-flip' and 'kink' forms of alpha-maltotetraose SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DFT; B3LYP/6-311++G**; DP-4; alpha-Maltotetraose; Band-flip; Kink ID BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK LEVEL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; GEOMETRY-OPTIMIZATION; MALTOSE; AMYLASE; INITIO; CELLOBIOSE; B3LYP/6-311++G; HYDRATION AB In Part 2 of this series of DFT optimization studies of (x-maltotetraose, we present results at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory for conformations denoted 'band-flips' and 'kinks'. Recent experimental X-ray studies have found examples of amylose fragments with conformations distorted from the usual syn forms, and it was of interest to examine these novel structural motifs by the same high-level DFT methods used in Part 1. As in Part 1, we have examined numerous hydroxymethyl rotamers (gg, gt, and tg) at different locations in the residue sequence, and include the two hydroxyl rotamers, the clockwise 'c' and counterclockwise 'r' forms. A total of fifty conformations were calculated and energy differences were found to attempt to identify those sources of electronic energy that dictate stressed amylose conformations. Most stressed conformations were found to have relative energies considerably greater (i.e., similar to 4 to 12 kcal/mol) than the lowest energy syn forms. Relative energy differences between 'c' and 'r' forms are somewhat mixed with some stressed conformations being 'c' favored and some 'r' favored, with the lowest energy 'kink' form being an all-gg-r conformation with the 'kink' in the bc glycosidic dihedral angles. Comparison of our calculated structures with experimental results shows very close correspondence in dihedral angles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.; Momany, Frank A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 344 IS 3 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.016 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 416XC UT WOS:000264037800015 PM 19111748 ER PT J AU Ollinger, S Frolking, S Richardson, A Martin, M Hollinger, D Reich, P Plourde, L AF Ollinger, Scott Frolking, Steve Richardson, Andrew Martin, Mary Hollinger, David Reich, Peter Plourde, Lucie TI Nitrogen-albedo relationship in forests remains robust and thought-provoking Reply SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Ollinger, Scott; Frolking, Steve; Richardson, Andrew; Martin, Mary; Plourde, Lucie] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hollinger, David] No Res Stn, US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Reich, Peter] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ollinger, S (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM scott.ollinger@unh.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 7 BP E17 EP E17 DI 10.1073/pnas.0900137106 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 409OQ UT WOS:000263516100076 ER PT J AU Whittaker, G Confesor, R Griffith, SM Fare, R Grosskopf, S Steiner, JJ Mueller-Warrant, GW Banowetz, GM AF Whittaker, Gerald Confesor, Remegio, Jr. Griffith, Stephen M. Fare, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Steiner, Jeffrey J. Mueller-Warrant, George W. Banowetz, Gary M. TI A hybrid genetic algorithm for multiobjective problems with activity analysis-based local search SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Activity analysis; Data envelopment analysis; Genetic algorithms; Multiple criteria analysis; Parallel computing ID DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS; EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS; OPTIMIZATION; DEA AB The objective of this research was the development of a method that integrated an activity analysis model of profits from production with a biophysical model, and included the capacity for optimization over multiple objectives. We specified a hybrid genetic algorithm using activity analysis as a local search method, and NSGA-II for calculation of the multiple objective Pareto optimal set. We describe a parallel computing approach to computation of the genetic algorithm, and apply the algorithm to evaluation of an input tax to regulate pollution from agricultural production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Whittaker, Gerald; Griffith, Stephen M.; Steiner, Jeffrey J.; Mueller-Warrant, George W.; Banowetz, Gary M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Confesor, Remegio, Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fare, Rolf; Grosskopf, Shawna] Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Whittaker, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM whittakg@onid.orst.edu RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013; GROSSKOPF , Shawnax/H-4031-2013 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD FEB 16 PY 2009 VL 193 IS 1 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2007.10.050 PG 9 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 364XM UT WOS:000260368900016 ER PT J AU Maynard, CL Hatton, RD Helms, WS Oliver, JR Stephensen, CB Weaver, CT AF Maynard, Craig L. Hatton, Robin D. Helms, Whitney S. Oliver, James R. Stephensen, Charles B. Weaver, Casey T. TI Contrasting roles for all-trans retinoic acid in TGF-beta-mediated induction of Foxp3 and Il10 genes in developing regulatory T cells SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3; DENDRITIC CELLS; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SMALL-INTESTINE; IN-VIVO; INTERLEUKIN-10; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; MOUSE AB Extrathymic induction of regulatory T (T reg) cells is essential to the regulation of effector T cell responses in the periphery. In addition to Foxp3, T reg cell expression of suppressive cytokines, such as IL-10, is essential for peripheral tolerance, particularly in the intestines. TGF-beta has been shown to induce expression of Foxp3 as well as IL10 and the vitamin A metabolite; all-trans retinoic acid (RA [at-RA]) has been found to enhance the former. We report that in contrast to its enhancement of TGF-beta-mediated Foxp3 induction, at-RA potently inhibits the TGF-beta-mediated induction of Il10 in naive CD4 T cells. Thus, mucosal DC subsets that are active producers of at-RA inhibit induction of Il10 in naive CD4 T cells while promoting induction of Foxp3. Accordingly, mice with vitamin A deficiency have increased numbers of IL-10-competent T reg cells. Activation of DCs by certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR9, suppresses T cell induction of Foxp3 and enables induction of Il10. Collectively, our data indicate that at-RA has reciprocal effects on the induction of Foxp3 and Il10 in developing CD4(+) T reg cells and suggest that TLR9-dependent inhibition of at-RA production by antigen-presenting cells might represent one mechanism to promote the development of IL-10-expressing T cells. C1 [Maynard, Craig L.; Hatton, Robin D.; Helms, Whitney S.; Oliver, James R.; Weaver, Casey T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Weaver, Casey T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Weaver, Casey T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Weaver, CT (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM cweaver@uab.edu OI Weaver, Casey/0000-0002-2180-1793 FU National Institutes of Health [AI057956, DK071167, DK064400]; Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AI057956, DK071167, and DK064400 to C. T. Weaver) and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (to C. T. Weaver). NR 49 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD FEB 16 PY 2009 VL 206 IS 2 BP 343 EP 357 DI 10.1084/jem.20080950 PG 15 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 444VP UT WOS:000266008800009 PM 19204112 ER PT J AU Giglio, L Loboda, T Roy, DP Quayle, B Justice, CO AF Giglio, Louis Loboda, Tatiana Roy, David P. Quayle, Brad Justice, Christopher O. TI An active-fire based burned area mapping algorithm for the MODIS sensor SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire; Biomass burning; Burn scar; Burned area; MODIS ID CLASSIFICATION TREE APPROACH; SOUTHERN AFRICA; BOREAL FOREST; TIME-SERIES; RESOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; SAVANNA; VIRS AB We present an automated method for mapping burned areas using 500-m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery coupled with 1-km MODIS active fire observations. The algorithm applies dynamic thresholds to composite imagery generated from a burn-sensitive vegetation index and a measure of temporal texture. Cumulative active fire maps are used to guide the selection of burned and unburned training samples. An accuracy assessment for three geographically diverse regions (central Siberia, the western United States, and southern Africa) was performed using high resolution burned area maps derived from Landsat imagery. Mapped burned areas were accurate to within approximately 10% in all regions except the high-tree-cover sub-region of southern Africa, where the MODIS burn maps underestimated the area burned by 41%. We estimate the minimum detectable burn size for reliable detection by our algorithm to be. on the order of 120 ha. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Giglio, Louis] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Giglio, Louis; Loboda, Tatiana; Justice, Christopher O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roy, David P.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Quayle, Brad] US Forest Serv, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Giglio, L (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. EM louis_giglio@ssaihq.com NR 51 TC 166 Z9 171 U1 13 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 2 BP 408 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 400VH UT WOS:000262897000012 ER PT J AU Carlson, BA Schweizer, U Perella, C Shrimali, RK Feigenbaum, L Shen, L Speransky, S Floss, T Jeong, SJ Watts, J Hoffmann, V Combs, GF Gladyshev, VN Hatfield, DL AF Carlson, Bradley A. Schweizer, Ulrich Perella, Christine Shrimali, Rajeev K. Feigenbaum, Lionel Shen, Liya Speransky, Svetlana Floss, Thomas Jeong, Soon-Jeong Watts, Jennifer Hoffmann, Victoria Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Gladyshev, Vadim N. Hatfield, Dolph L. TI The selenocysteine tRNA STAF-binding region is essential for adequate selenocysteine tRNA status, selenoprotein expression and early age survival of mice SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE selenium; selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA gene (Trsp); selenoprotein; Sec tRNA gene transcription activating factor (STAF); survival rate; tRNA transcription ID TRANSCRIPTION-ACTIVATING FACTOR; TRNA(SEC) GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; PHOSPHOSERINE TRANSFER-RNA; MOUSE MAMMARY-GLAND; SMALL NUCLEAR-RNA; ZINC-FINGER; TRANSGENIC MICE; POLYMERASE-III; SELENIUM; PROMOTER AB STAF [Sec (selenocysteine) tRNA gene transcription activating factor] is a transcription activating factor for a number of RNA Pol III- and RNA Pol II-dependent genes including the Trsp [Sec tRNA gene], which in turn controls the expression of all selenoproteins. Here, the role of STAF in regulating expression of Sec tRNA and selenoproteins was examined. We generated transgenic mice expressing the Trsp transgene lacking the STAF-binding site and made these mice dependent on the transgene for survival by removing the wild-type Trsp. The level of Sec tRNA was unaffected or slightly elevated in heart and testis, but reduced similar to 60% in liver and kidney, similar to 70% in lung and spleen and similar to 80% in brain and muscle compared with the corresponding organs in control mice. Moreover, the ratio of the two isoforms of Sec tRNA that differ by methylation at position 34 (Um34) was altered significantly, and the Um34-containing form was substantially reduced in all tissues examined. Selenoprotein expression in these animals was most affected in tissues in which the Sec tRNA levels were most severely reduced. Importantly, mice had a neurological phenotype strikingly similar to that of mice in which the selenoprotein P gene had been removed and their life span was substantially reduced. The results indicate that STAF influences selenoprotein expression by enhancing Trsp synthesis in an organ-specific manner and by controlling Sec tRNA modification in each tissue examined. C1 [Carlson, Bradley A.; Shrimali, Rajeev K.; Jeong, Soon-Jeong; Hatfield, Dolph L.] NCI, Mol Biol Selenium Sect, Lab Canc Prevent, Ctr Canc Res,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schweizer, Ulrich] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Neurosci Res Ctr, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Perella, Christine; Feigenbaum, Lionel] NCI, Lab Anim Sci Program, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Shen, Liya; Speransky, Svetlana] NCI, Lab Cellular Carcinogenesis & Tumor Promot & GMCF, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Floss, Thomas] Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Inst Dev Genet, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Watts, Jennifer; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Hoffmann, Victoria] NIH, Diagnost & Res Serv Branch, Off Director, Bethesda, MD 20189 USA. [Gladyshev, Vadim N.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Gladyshev, Vadim N.] Univ Nebraska, Redox Biol Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Hatfield, DL (reprint author), NCI, Mol Biol Selenium Sect, Lab Canc Prevent, Ctr Canc Res,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hatfield@mail.nih.gov RI Gladyshev, Vadim/A-9894-2013; Schweizer, Ulrich/E-8105-2013; OI Schweizer, Ulrich/0000-0003-1380-4780 FU Center for Cancer Research; NCI; NIH; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB665, Scho849/1-21] FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, to D.L.H., NIH grants to VXG, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grants [DFG SFB665, Scho849/1-21 to U.S. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 418 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1042/BJ20081304 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 407BF UT WOS:000263337900006 PM 18973473 ER EF