FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Smith, CE Tucker, KL Scott, TM Van Rompay, M Mattei, J Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Junyent, M Lee, YC Garcia-Bailo, B Ordovas, JM AF Smith, Caren E. Tucker, Katherine L. Scott, Tammy M. Van Rompay, Maria Mattei, Josiemer Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Junyent, Mireia Lee, Yu-Chi Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana Ordovas, Jose M. TI Apolipoprotein C3 Polymorphisms, Cognitive Function and Diabetes in Caribbean Origin Hispanics SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) modulates triglyceride metabolism through inhibition of lipoprotein lipase, but is itself regulated by insulin, so that APOC3 represents a potential mechanism by which glucose metabolism may affect lipid metabolism. Unfavorable lipoprotein profiles and impaired glucose metabolism are linked to cognitive decline, and all three conditions may decrease lifespan. Associations between apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) gene polymorphisms and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism are well-established, but potential connections between APOC3 polymorphisms, cognitive decline and diabetes deserve further attention. Methods: We examined whether APOC3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) m482 (rs2854117) and 3u386 (rs5128) were related to cognitive measures, whether the associations between cognitive differences and genotype were related to metabolic differences, and how diabetes status affected these associations. Study subjects were Hispanics of Caribbean origin (n = 991, aged 45-74) living in the Boston metropolitan area. Results: Cognitive and metabolic measures differed substantially by type II diabetes status. In multivariate regression models, APOC3 m482 AA subjects with diabetes exhibited lower executive function (P = 0.009), Stroop color naming score (P = 0.014) and Stroop color-word score (P = 0.022) compared to AG/GG subjects. APOC3 m482 AA subjects with diabetes exhibited significantly higher glucose (P = 0.032) and total cholesterol (P = 0.028) compared to AG/GG subjects. APOC3 3u386 GC/GG subjects with diabetes exhibited significantly higher triglyceride (P = 0.004), total cholesterol (P = 0.003) and glucose (P = 0.016) compared to CC subjects. Conclusions: In summary, we identified significant associations between APOC3 polymorphisms, impaired cognition and metabolic dysregulation in Caribbean Hispanics with diabetes. Further research investigating these relationships in other populations is warranted. RP Smith, CE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Van Rompay, Maria/G-9452-2012; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Parnell, Laurence/0000-0001-9718-1335; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776, R01 HL054776, T32 HL069772]; NIA NIH HHS [5P01AG023394, P01 AG023394]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK007651-19, DK075030, R01 DK075030, T32 DK007651, T32 DK007651-19, T32 DK062032] NR 38 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 8 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 5 AR e5465 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005465 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 443TN UT WOS:000265933800003 PM 19424489 ER PT J AU Winterton, SL Woodley, NE AF Winterton, Shaun L. Woodley, Norman E. TI New species of Metatrichia Coquillett (Diptera: Scenopinidae) from Australia and Venezuela SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Metatrichia; Asiloidea; Therevoid clade; Scenopinidae AB Two new species of the cosmopolitan genus Metatrichia Coquillett are described. Metatrichia dhimurru sp. nov. is described from Arnhem Land (Northern Territory), Australia and represents the third species of the genus to be described from the Australasian region. Metatrichia venezuelensis sp. nov. from Venezuela is the third extant species of the genus to be described from the New World. C1 [Winterton, Shaun L.] Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia. [Winterton, Shaun L.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Woodley, Norman E.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Winterton, SL (reprint author), Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia. EM wintertonshaun@gmail.com; norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 FU National Science Foundation (USA) [DEB-0614213] FX Thank you to the Dhimurru and Northern Territory Land Councils for permission to collect in Arnhem Land (Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory permit number: 26827). Permits applications and logistical support were provided in part by the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC). This research was supported by a National Science Foundation (USA) grant (DEB-0614213) to SLW. Statements and viewpoints expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the opinion of NSF. We thank Steven W. Lingafelter and Allen L. Norrbom (both Systematic Entomology Laboratory), Wayne N. Mathis (Smithsonian Institution) and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the draft manuscript. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 8 PY 2009 IS 2094 BP 42 EP 51 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 447ZT UT WOS:000266231600005 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Vu, JCV AF Allen, Leon Hartwell Vu, Joseph C. V. TI Carbon dioxide and high temperature effects on growth of young orange trees in a humid, subtropical environment SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus; Carbon dioxide (CO(2)); Global warming; Temperature; Vapor pressure deficit ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICITS; GAS-EXCHANGE; OXYGEN INHIBITION; CITRUS SEEDLINGS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; VALENCIA ORANGE; MODERATE SHADE; HEAT-STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration and global warming could impact growth of citrus trees. Five 2-year-old Ambersweet orange trees on Swingle citrumelo, rootstocks were transplanted into soil containers in two temperature-gradient greenhouses on 9 August 1994 at Gainesville, FL, USA. Either 360 or 720 mu mol (CO(2)) mol(-1) (air) was maintained in the greenhouses. Two containers were located in each of four temperature zones maintained at 1.5 degrees C increments between each zone with a 4.5 degrees C difference between zones 1 and 4. The main objective was to test the hypothesis that biomass growth ratios of CO(2)-enriched to ambient CO(2)-exposed young sweet orange trees would be similar to the large growth enhancements (about 2.6-fold) reported from Phoenix, AZ, USA during the first 3 years of growth of sour orange trees. One tree per container was harvested in 1995 and four trees per container were harvested in 1996. Growth parameters were different between years except leaf fresh weight and fine root biomass. Elevated CO(2) increased growth parameters except leaf growth and fine root biomass. Biomass response ratios to CO(2) (720/360) for 1995 and 1996, respectively, were 1.57 and 1.18 for shoot wood, 1.34 and 1.15 for total above-ground, 1.46 and 1.08 for tap roots, 1.67 and 1.54 for secondary roots, 1.29 and 0.95 for fine roots (NS-CO(2)), 1.40 and 1.19 for total roots, 1.47 and 1.18 for total wood, and 1.37 and 1.17 for total plants. The decrease in response to CO(2) in the second year was attributed to crowding of shoot and root space. Components of shoot wood, total above ground, taproot, fine root, total root, total wood, and total plant biomass increased slightly (0.01 < P < 0.05) with increasing temperature. No CO(2) X temperature interactions were significant. The hypothesis that elevated CO(2) would cause biomass increases of about 2.6-fold compared to ambient CO(2) treatments (as found in the midlattitude desert environment of Phoenix) was not supported. May through September mean maximum daily vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was 5.54 and 2.25 kPa for Phoenix and Gainesville, respectively, a ratio of approximate to 2.5. High summertime VPD coupled with limited water flow capacity within citrus trees that lead to pronounced midday depressions in photosynthesis in ambient CO(2) is discussed as the underlying environmental cause of the large CO(2) enrichment effects in a midlattitude desert compared to the Gainesville humid subtropical climate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Allen, Leon Hartwell; Vu, Joseph C. V.] USDA ARS, CMAVE, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, Chem Res Unit, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Hartwell.Allen@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 7 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 5 BP 820 EP 830 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.11.002 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 419VW UT WOS:000264248800009 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Zhang, HM Byerly, MS Bacon, LD Porter, TE Liu, GE Song, JZ AF Yu, Ying Zhang, Huanmin Byerly, Mardi S. Bacon, Larry D. Porter, Tom E. Liu, George E. Song, Jiuzhou TI Alternative splicing variants and DNA methylation status of BDNF in inbred chicken lines SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chicken; BDNF; Alternative splicing variant; DNA methylation; Marek's disease ID NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MAREKS-DISEASE; BRAIN; GENES; CANCER; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; NEURONS AB Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has multiple alternative splicing variants and plays diverse biological functions in mammals, including neuronal survival, cholesterol metabolism, cell differentiation and tumor development. However, genomic structures of chicken BDNF (cBDNF) variants and its potential functions are still undefined. Here, we characterized two novel alternative splicing variants of cBDNF, cBDNF1 and cBDNF2, via combining comparative genomics methods and molecular techniques in inbred chicken line 6(3) and line 7(2), which have been developed to be resistant and susceptible, respectively, to Marek's disease tumor since 1939. Both cBDNFs consist of a bipartite transcript, with different 51 exons, exon I (298 bp) in cBDNF1 and exon II (286 bp) in cBDNF2, each of which is spliced to the common 3' exon IV. Exon I and IV are highly conserved between chicken and mammals, whereas exon II is unique for chicken. The amino acid sequence of cBDNF1 contains 8 additional amino acids in the N terminal compared to cBDNF2. cBDNF1 and cBDNF2 were only expressed in the hypothalamus among eight tissues, and cBDNF2 showed lower expression than that of cBDNF1 in both lines. The expression level of cBDNF1 was significantly higher in line 7(2) than in line 6(3) (P < 0.01). Notably, the DNA methylation levels on the cis-regulatory region of cBDNF1 was negatively correlated with its expression level, which suggests that the mRNA expression level of cBDNF1 may be related to the DNA methylation status in the chickens. We also discussed a potential role of variant cBDNF1 in MD tumor resistance and susceptibility. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Ying; Byerly, Mardi S.; Porter, Tom E.; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Huanmin; Bacon, Larry D.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Liu, George E.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Song, JZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM songj88@umd.edu FU USDA-NRI [2008-00870] FX We thank Dr. Wansheng Liu for his many helpful discussions, Mary Rogier, Fei Tian and Apratim Mitra for manuscript modifications. The authors are grateful to the foundation for international exchange program of excellent scholar of China and the support by USDA-NRI 2008-00870. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 7 PY 2009 VL 1269 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.071 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 448XI UT WOS:000266294900001 PM 19269281 ER PT J AU Houborg, R Anderson, MC AF Houborg, Rasmus Anderson, Martha C. TI Utility of an image-based canopy reflectance modeling tool for remote estimation of LAI and leaf chlorophyll content at regional scales SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Leaf chlorophyll; LAI; radiative transfer; SPOT; Look-up table inversion; Regularization ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; VEGETATION BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; AREA INDEX; SATELLITE DATA; MODIS DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; INVERSION METHODS; ENERGY FLUXES; WATER-CONTENT AB This paper describes a novel physically-based approach for estimating leaf area index (LAI) and leaf chlorophyll content (C(ab)) at regional scales that relies on radiance data acquirable from a suite of aircraft and operational satellite sensors. The REGularized canopy reFLECtance (REGFLEC) modeling tool integrates leaf optics (PROSPECT), canopy reflectance (ACRM), and atmospheric radiative transfer (6SV1) model components, facilitating the direct use of at-sensor radiances in green, red and near-infrared wavelengths. REGFLEC adopts a multi-step LUT-based inversion approach and incorporates image-based techniques to reduce the confounding effects of land cover specific vegetation parameters and soil reflectance. REGFLEC was applied to agricultural and natural vegetation areas using 10 m and 20 m resolution SPOT imagery, and variable environmental and plant development conditions allowed for model validation over a wide range in LAI (0-6) and C(ab) (20-75 mu g cm(-2)). Validation against in-situ measurements yielded relative root-mean-square deviations on the order of 13% (0.4) for LAI and between 11-19% (4.9-9.1 mu g cm(-2)) for C(ab). REGFLEC demonstrated good utility in detecting spatial and temporal variations in LAI and C(ab) without requiring site-specific data for calibration. The physical approach presented here can quite easily be applied to other regions and has the potential of being more universally applicable than traditional empirical approaches for retrieving LAI and C(ab). C1 [Houborg, Rasmus] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Houborg, Rasmus] NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Rasmus.Houborg@nasa.gov; Martha.Anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service Research Associate Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Research Associate Program. We would like to acknowledge Wayne Dulaney and Principal Investigator Brent Holben of the AERONET sites for making sun photometer data available. Trade names are included for the benefit of the reader and do not imply an endorsement of or a preference for the product listed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAY 7 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033529 DI 10.1117/1.3141522 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520WK UT WOS:000271880000001 ER PT J AU Wondzell, SM LaNier, J Haggerty, R Woodsmith, RD Edwards, RT AF Wondzell, Steven M. LaNier, Justin Haggerty, Roy Woodsmith, Richard D. Edwards, Richard T. TI Changes in hyporheic exchange flow following experimental wood removal in a small, low-gradient stream SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; GRAVEL-BED STREAM; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; CHINOOK SALMON; SLUG TEST; DEBRIS; OREGON AB We investigated the response of hyporheic exchange flow ( HEF) to wood removal in a small, low-gradient, gravel bed stream in southeast Alaska using a series of groundwater models built to simulate HEF for the initial conditions immediately after wood removal and 1 month, 2 years, 4 years, and 16 years following wood removal. The models were based on topographic surveys of the stream channel and surrounding floodplain, and surveyed water surface elevations (WSEs) were used to assign stream boundary conditions. Using the groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, and the particle tracking model, MODPATH, we calculated hyporheic exchange fluxes, their residence time distributions, and both longitudinal and plan view spatial patterns of downwelling and upwelling zones. In the first few years, streambed scour and sediment deposition smoothed the streambed and WSE profile, reducing HEF. Also, large contiguous patches of downwelling or upwelling were fragmented, nearly doubling the total number of patches present on the streambed. As the stream continued to adjust to the loss of wood, those trends began to reverse. Accretion of sediment onto alternating bars resulted in better developed pool-riffle morphology, enhanced HEF, and increased residence times and also resulted in downwelling and upwelling zones coalescing into elongated patches along bar margins. This study showed that the hyporheic zone is sensitive to changes in wood loading and that initial changes in HEF resulting from the direct effects of wood removal were contrary to longer-term channel adjustments to changes in wood loading. C1 [Wondzell, Steven M.] US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [LaNier, Justin; Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Woodsmith, Richard D.] US Forest Serv, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Edwards, Richard T.] US Forest Serv, Juneau Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM swondzell@fs.fed.us; justin.lanier@ch2m.com; aggertr@science.oregonstate.edu; rwoodsmith@fs.fed.us; rtedwards@fs.fed.us RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009 FU Aquatic and Lands Interaction Program of the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Justin Anderson and Eric Norberg for help with field work in 2003. This research was funded by the Aquatic and Lands Interaction Program of the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 7 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W05406 DI 10.1029/2008WR007214 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 443TK UT WOS:000265933500002 ER PT J AU Ogbomo, SM Chapman, K Webber, C Bledsoe, R D'Souza, NA AF Ogbomo, Sunny M. Chapman, Kent Webber, Charles Bledsoe, Robert D'Souza, Nandika A. TI Benefits of Low Kenaf Loading in Biobased Composites of Poly(L-lactide) and Kenaf Fiber SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poly-L-lactide (PLLA); renewable resources; green and biocomposites; kenaf; crystallization; dynamic mechanical analysis ID REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; HIBISCUS-CANNABINUS L.; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; GREEN COMPOSITES; BAST FIBER; COMPATIBILIZER; NANOCOMPOSITES; PARTICLEBOARD AB Bast fibers from sterns of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus, L.), a warm-season tropical herbaceous annual plant, were dispersed into poly-L-lactide (PLLA) matrix by melt-mixing followed by compression molding. Low fiber fractions (1-5%) were investigated. The composites showed a slight lowering of thermal stability when evaluated by thermogravimentric analysis. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicated an influence of kenaf on the crystallization of PLLA. The fiber dispersion in the polymer matrix was established by polarized optical microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy showed good fiber-matrix adhesion as revealed by the combination of dispersion, interaction, and crystallinity, which enabled an increase in the mechanical properties of the composite that scaled with concentration. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112: 1294-1301, 2009 C1 [Ogbomo, Sunny M.; D'Souza, Nandika A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Chapman, Kent] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Webber, Charles] ARS, USDA, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Bledsoe, Robert] Kenaf Int Assoc, Ladonia, TX 75449 USA. RP D'Souza, NA (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM ndsouza@unt.edu OI DSouza, Nandika/0000-0002-8553-0347 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2009 VL 112 IS 3 BP 1294 EP 1301 DI 10.1002/app.29519 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 419VH UT WOS:000264247300023 ER PT J AU Liu, SX Kim, JT Kim, S Singh, M AF Liu, Sean X. Kim, Jun-Tae Kim, Sanghoon Singh, Mukti TI The Effect of Polymer Surface Modification Via Interfacial Polymerization on Polymer-Protein Interaction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; FTIR; AFM; XPS; membranes ID ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; POLYETHERSULFONE MEMBRANES; POLY(ETHER SULFONE); PERFORMANCE; SEPARATION; PROPERTY AB Membrane separation is an important processing technology used for separating food ingredients and fractionating value-added components from food processing byproducts. Long-term performance of polymeric membranes in food protein processing is impeded by the formation of fouled layers on the membrane surface as a result of protein adsorption onto the membrane surface. Surface modification of synthetic membranes, i.e., changing surface characteristics to reduce protein adsorption permanently, is one of the innovative ways of reducing the fouling of membrane surfaces. In this study, surface modification of flat-sheet ultrafiltration membrane, polyethersulfone (PES), was investigated in improving the hydrophilicity of PES surfaces, thereby reducing adsorption of the protein caused by hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction between the protein and the membrane. Hydrophilic polymer grafting through thin-film composite using interfacial polymerization was employed to improve the hydrophilicity of the commercial PES membranes. Poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene glycol), and chitosan were chosen as hydrophilic polymers to graft on PES membrane because of their excellent hydrophilic property. Modified PES membranes were characterized by contact angle, FTIR, XPS, and AFM. Contact angles of modified PES membranes were reduced by 25 to 40% of that of the virgin PES membrane. XPS spectrum supported that the PES membranes were successfully modified by interfacial polymerization. Tapping-mode AFM was used to examine the changes in surface topography of modified PES membranes. The PES membranes modified by interfacial polymerization showed lower roughness (from 1.2 to 2.0 nm) than that of virgin PIES membrane (2.1 nm). The results of these instrumental analyses indicated that the PIES membranes were successfully enhanced hydrophilically through interfacial polymerization. The protein adsorption on the modified membranes was reduced by 30 to 35% as a result of surface modification of the PES membranes using interfacial polymerization technique. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Appl Polym Sci 112: 1704-1715, 2009 C1 [Liu, Sean X.; Kim, Sanghoon; Singh, Mukti] USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kim, Jun-Tae] Cornell Univ, Dept Fiber Sci & Apparel Design, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Liu, SX (reprint author), USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sean.liu@ars.usda.gov RI Luong-Van, Emma/A-8685-2012 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2009 VL 112 IS 3 BP 1704 EP 1715 DI 10.1002/app.29606 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 419VH UT WOS:000264247300073 ER PT J AU May, CL Pryor, B Lisle, TE Lang, M AF May, Christine L. Pryor, Bonnie Lisle, Thomas E. Lang, Margaret TI Coupling hydrodynamic modeling and empirical measures of bed mobility to predict the risk of scour and fill of salmon redds in a large regulated river SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SPAWNING SALMONIDS; EMBRYO SURVIVAL; STREAM-BED; FLOW; DEPTHS; LOAD; PROBABILITY; ENTRAINMENT AB In order to assess the risk of scour and fill of spawning redds during floods, an understanding of the relations among river discharge, bed mobility, and scour and fill depths in areas of the streambed heavily utilized by spawning salmon is needed. Our approach coupled numerical flow modeling and empirical data from the Trinity River, California, to quantify spatially explicit zones of differential bed mobility and to identify specific areas where scour and fill is deep enough to impact redd viability. Spatial patterns of bed mobility, based on model-predicted Shields stress, indicate that a zone of full mobility was limited to a central core that expanded with increasing flow strength. The likelihood and maximum depth of measured scour increased with increasing modeled Shields stress. Because redds were preferentially located in coarse substrate in shallow areas with close proximity to the stream banks, they were less likely to become mobilized or to risk deep scour during high-flow events but were more susceptible to sediment deposition. C1 [May, Christine L.] James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Lang, Margaret] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm Resource Engn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Lisle, Thomas E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Pryor, Bonnie] Jeff Anderson & Associates, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. RP May, CL (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. EM maycl@jmu.edu OI Pryor, Bonnie/0000-0002-4396-1739 NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 5 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W05402 DI 10.1029/2007WR006498 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 443TI UT WOS:000265933300001 ER PT J AU Mendoza, JA Levinger, DD Johnston, BD AF Mendoza, Jason A. Levinger, David D. Johnston, Brian D. TI Pilot evaluation of a walking school bus program in a low-income, urban community SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; CHILDREN; TRAVEL; YOUTH; NUTRITION; TRIAL AB Background: To evaluate the impact of a walking school bus (WSB) program on student transport in a low-income, urban neighborhood. Methods: The design was a controlled, quasi-experimental trial with consecutive cross-sectional assessments. The setting was three urban, socioeconomically disadvantaged, public elementary schools (1 intervention vs. 2 controls) in Seattle, Washington, USA. Participants were ethnically diverse students in kindergarten-5th grade (aged 5-11 years). The intervention was a WSB program consisting of a part-time WSB coordinator and parent volunteers. Students' method of transportation to school was assessed by a classroom survey at baseline and one-year follow-up. The Pearson Chi-squared test compared students transported to school at the intervention versus control schools at each time point. Due to multiple testing, we calculated adjusted p-values using the Ryan-Holm stepdown Bonferroni procedure. McNemar's test was used to examine the change from baseline to 12-month follow-up for walking versus all other forms of school transport at the intervention or control schools. Results: At baseline, the proportions of students (n = 653) walking to the intervention (20% +/- 2%) or control schools (15% +/- 2%) did not differ (p = 0.39). At 12-month follow up, higher proportions of students (n = 643, p = 0.001)) walked to the intervention (25% +/- 2%) versus the control schools (7% +/- 1%). No significant changes were noted in the proportion of students riding in a car or taking the school bus at baseline or 12-month follow up (all p > 0.05). Comparing baseline to 12-month follow up, the numbers of students who walked to the intervention school increased while the numbers of students who used the other forms of transport did not change (p < 0.0001). In contrast, the numbers of students who walked to the control schools decreased while the numbers of students who used the other forms of transport did not change (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: A WSB program is a promising intervention among urban, low-income elementary school students that may promote favorable changes toward active transport to school. C1 [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dan L Duncan Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Levinger, David D.] T Usabil, Seattle, WA 98117 USA. [Johnston, Brian D.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Johnston, Brian D.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Mendoza, JA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jason.mendoza@bcm.edu; david@t-usability.com; bdj@u.washington.edu OI Mendoza, Jason/0000-0003-0833-4358 FU NCI NIH HHS [K07 CA131178, K07 CA131178-01A1, K07 CA131178-02] NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAY 4 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 122 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-9-122 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 457MP UT WOS:000266934200001 PM 19413910 ER PT J AU Nippert, JB Fay, PA Carlisle, JD Knapp, AK Smith, MD AF Nippert, Jesse B. Fay, Philip A. Carlisle, Jonathan D. Knapp, Alan K. Smith, Melinda D. TI Ecophysiological responses of two dominant grasses to altered temperature and precipitation regimes SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Andropogon gerardii; Climate variability; Leaf gas exchange; RaMPs; Sensitivity; Sorghastrum nutans ID ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GAS-EXCHANGE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; SORGHASTRUM-NUTANS; MESIC GRASSLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCALE SHIFTS; C-4 GRASSES AB Ecosystem responses to climate change will largely be driven by responses of the dominant species. However, if co-dominant species have traits that lead them to differential responses, then predicting how ecosystem structure and function will be altered is more challenging. We assessed differences in response to climate change factors for the two dominant C-4 grass species in tallgrass prairie, Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans, by measuring changes in a suite of plant ecophysiological traits in response to experimentally elevated air temperatures and increased precipitation variability over two growing seasons. Maximum photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, water-use efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf water potential varied with leaf and canopy temperature as well as with volumetric soil water content (0-15 cm). Both species had similar responses to imposed changes in temperature and water availability, but when differences occurred. responses by A. gerardii were more closely linked with changes in air temperature whereas S. nutans was more sensitive to changes in water availability. Moreover, S. nutans was more responsive overall than A. gerardii to climate alterations. These results indicate both grass species are responsive to forecast changes in temperature and precipitation, but their differential sensitivity to temperature and water availability Suggest that future population and community structure may vary based on the magnitude and scope of an altered climate. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Nippert, Jesse B.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Fay, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Carlisle, Jonathan D.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Smith, Melinda D.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. RP Nippert, JB (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM nippert@ksu.edu RI Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU DOE-PER [DE-FG02-04ER63892]; USDA NRI Managed Ecosystems Program FX We thank John Blair and the many research technicians, graduate Students and undergraduates working at the Konza Prairie for their assistance, maintenance and involvement in the RaMPs project. In particular, we Would like to thank Rose Phillips, Meghan Dinkins and Dave Hoover. Franz Badeck and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This project was supported by the DOE-PER grant #DE-FG02-04ER63892 to MDS and the USDA NRI Managed Ecosystems Program. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 48 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X EI 1873-6238 J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2009.01.010 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447EM UT WOS:000266174400008 ER PT J AU Songsri, P Jogloy, S Holbrook, CC Kesmala, T VoraSoot, N Akkasaeng, C Patanothai, A AF Songsri, P. Jogloy, S. Holbrook, C. C. Kesmala, T. VoraSoot, N. Akkasaeng, C. Patanothai, A. TI Association of root, specific leaf area and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading to water use efficiency of peanut under different available soil water SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea L; Breeding; Drought resistance; Irrigation deficit; SCMR; SLA; Water use efficiency ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; GROUNDNUT; STABILITY; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM; GENOTYPES AB Drought is the major abiotic constraint affecting peanut productivity and quality worldwide. There is a pressing need to improve the water use efficiency (WUE) of rain-fed peanut production. Breeding varieties with higher water use efficiency is seen as providing part of the solution. The objectives of this work were to (i) evaluate genetic variation in WUE, harvest index, root dry weight, specific leaf area (SLA) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) among peanut genotypes in response to different available soil water levels and (h) assess the relevance of root dry weight, SLA and SCMR to WUE in peanut under receding soil moisture levels. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in the dry and rainy seasons in 2002/2003. The 11 peanut genotypes (ICGV 98300, ICGV 98303, ICGV 98305, ICGV 98308, ICGV 98324, ICGV 98330, ICGV 98348, ICGV 98353, Tainan 9, KK 60-3 and Tifton-8) and three soil moisture levels [field capacity (FC), 2/3 available soil water (AW) and 1/3 AW] were laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six replications. At 37, 67, and 97 day after sowing (DAS), data were recorded for SLA and SCMR. Root dry weight, harvest index (HI) and WUE were recorded at harvest. Drought reduced WUE, root dry weight and HI. Across both seasons, Tifton-8 and ICGV 98300 had high WUE and also had large root systems under drought conditions. ICGV 98324 and Tifton-8 had low SLA and high SCMR under stressed and non-stressed condition. Under drought conditions, ICGV 98324 had high HI and Tifton-8 had low HI. Root dry weight had a greater contribution to WUE under well-watered and mild drought (2/3 AW). Under severe drought (1/3 AW), SLA showed a more important contribution to WUE than the other traits. Traits that were associated to high WUE under drought conditions were different among different peanut genotypes. ICGV 98300 maintained high root dry weight under 2/3 AW and ICGV 98324 maintained low SLA and high SCMR under 1/3 AW. Tifton-8 had both large root systems and low SLA associated with high WUE. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holbrook, C. C.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Songsri, P.; Jogloy, S.; Kesmala, T.; VoraSoot, N.; Akkasaeng, C.; Patanothai, A.] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. RP Holbrook, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Corley.Holbrook@ars.usda.gov FU Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program [PHD/0190/2544]; Thailand Research Fund; Peanut Improvement Project of Khon Kaen University FX The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant no. PHD/0190/2544) and the Senior Research Scholar Project of Professor Dr. Aran Patanothai under the Thailand Research Fund, and also supported in part by the Peanut Improvement Project of Khon Kaen University. We thank the work of many people for data collection and processing. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 96 IS 5 BP 790 EP 798 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.10.009 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 429NE UT WOS:000264926600006 ER PT J AU Ko, J Piccinni, G AF Ko, Jonghan Piccinni, Giovanni TI Corn yield responses under crop evapotranspiration-based irrigation management SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Corn; Crop evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Yield ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PROJECT GAP AREA; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; DRIP IRRIGATION; GRAIN-YIELD; SOIL; STRESS; COTTON; PRODUCTIVITY AB Improving irrigation water management is becoming important to produce a profitable clop in South Texas as the water supplies shrink. This study was conducted to investigate grain yield responses of corn (Zea mays) under irrigation management based on crop evapotranspiration (ETC) as well as a possibility to monitor plant water deficiencies using some of physiological and environmental factors. Three commercial corn cultivars were grown in a center-pivot-irrigated field with low energy precision application (LEPA) at Texas AgriLife Research Center in Uvalde, TX from 2002 to 2004. The field was treated with conventional and reduced tillage practices and irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, and 50% ETC. Grain yield was increased as irrigation increased. There were significant differences between 100% and 50% ETC in volumetric water content (theta), leaf relative water content (RWC), and canopy temperature (T-C). It is considered that irrigation management of corn at 75% ETC is feasible with 10% reduction of grain yield and with increased water use efficiency (WUE). The greatest WUE (1.6 g m (2) mm (1)) achieved at 456 mm of water input while grain yield plateaued at less than 600 mm. The result demonstrates that ETC-based irrigation can be one of the efficient water delivery schemes. The results also demonstrate that grain yield reduction of corn is qualitatively describable using the variables of RWC and T-C. Therefore, it appears that water status can be monitored with measurement of the variables, promising future development of real-time irrigation scheduling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ko, Jonghan] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Piccinni, Giovanni] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. [Ko, Jonghan; Piccinni, Giovanni] Texas A&M Univ, AgriLife Res, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. RP Ko, J (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jonghan.Ko@ars.usda.gov FU Texas Water Development Board [0603580596]; Rio Grande Basin Initiative [2005-34461-15661] FX This study is partially funded by Texas Water Development Board (TWDB: Project No. 0603580596) and Rio Grande Basin Initiative (RGBI: Grant No. 2005-34461-15661). The authors would like to express his appreciation to Texas Water Resources Institute (TWRI) for administrative project assistance. We also thank Dr. Clothier and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 96 IS 5 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.10.010 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 429NE UT WOS:000264926600007 ER PT J AU Udawatta, RP Kremer, RJ Garrett, HE Anderson, SH AF Udawatta, Ranjith P. Kremer, Robert J. Garrett, Harold E. Anderson, Stephen H. TI Soil enzyme activities and physical properties in a watershed managed under agroforestry and row-crop systems SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Corn; Grass buffer; Grass waterway; Nonpoint source pollution; Soil carbon ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; STABLE AGGREGATION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; TILLAGE; AGROECOSYSTEMS; COMPLEXITY AB The proportion of water-stable aggregates (WSA) and a diverse microbial activity influence soil quality, crop growth, nutrient retention, water infiltration, and surface runoff. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that permanent vegetative buffers increase WSA and contribute to increased soil enzyme activity. Soil samples (5 cm diameter and 10 cm long) from agroforestry (AG), grass buffer (GIB), grass waterway (GWW) and crop (CS) areas were collected from summit, middle, and lower landscape positions at the Paired Watershed Study, near Novelty, MO. Water-stable aggregates (>250 mu m diameter; wet-sieving method), soil carbon, and soil enzyme activity were determined and data were statistically analyzed. Soils under permanent vegetative buffers and GWW had significantly lower bulk density and more WSA than the crop areas. Soil carbon contents were highest in the GWW and lowest in the CS treatments. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase, beta-glucosidase, and glucosaminadase enzyme activities were higher in AG, GB, and GWW soils than CS soils. Dehydrogenase activity differed between grass buffer or GWW and crop areas. The results of the study show that WSA, soil carbon, and functional diversity of enzyme activity increased due to establishment of buffers with trees and grass. It can be speculated that increased diversity of functional enzymes associated with cycling of key soil nutrients and improved soil physical properties may reduce nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) from row-crop agriculture watersheds thus improving overall environmental quality. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Udawatta, Ranjith P.; Garrett, Harold E.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Udawatta, RP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM UdawattaR@missouri.edu FU University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry [58-6227-1-004] FX This work was funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements 58-6227-1-004 with the USDA-ARS, Booneville, AR. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We thank Ashley Schlichenmayer for excellent technical assistance. NR 54 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.001 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430OJ UT WOS:000264998100013 ER PT J AU Moco, MKD da Gama-Rodrigues, EF da Gama-Rodrigues, AC Machado, RCR Baligar, VC AF da Silva Moco, M. K. da Gama-Rodrigues, E. F. da Gama-Rodrigues, A. C. Machado, R. C. R. Baligar, V. C. TI Soil and litter fauna of cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Rain forest; Biodiversity; Soil invertebrates; Biological indicators ID MACROFAUNAL COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; AMAZONIA; PLANTATIONS; COLLEMBOLA; PASTURES; FERTILIZATION; BIODIVERSITY AB Agroforestry systems deposit great amounts of plant residues on soil and this leads to high levels of soil organic matter content and has increased soil biodiversity and improved its conservation. This study compares the distribution of meso and macrofaunal communities in soil and litter under cacao agroforestry systems and in a natural forest in the southern Bahia state of Brazil. Soil and litter samples were obtained in September 2003, February 2004, and August 2004 in five cacao agroforestry systems. The systems evaluated included: cacao renewed under Erythrina sp. (Erythrina poeppigiana) (CRE); cacao renewed under natural forest (Cabruca, CRF); an old cacao system under Erythrina sp. (OCE); an old cacao system under a natural forest system (Cabruca, OCF) and a cacao germplasm collection area (CGC). As a reference soil and litter under a natural forest (NF) was included. Organisms were collected over a 15-day period with a Berlese-Tullgren apparatus. The density and richness of total fauna varied distinctly according to sites, sampling time and material sampled (soil and litter). 16,409 of fauna were recovered from soil and litter samples and the density of total fauna was 2,094 individuals m(-2) in the litter and 641 individuals m(-2) in the soil. The richness was 11.8 in the litter and 7.5 in the soil. The cacao agroforestry systems adopted for growing cacao in the southern Bahia region of Brazil have beneficial effects on the soil and litter faunal communities, and such systems of cacao cultivation could be considered as a conservation system for soil fauna. The development of a litter layer resulted in higher abundance and diversity of soil fauna. C1 [da Silva Moco, M. K.; da Gama-Rodrigues, E. F.; da Gama-Rodrigues, A. C.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Soil Lab, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. [Machado, R. C. R.] MARS Ctr Cocoa Sci, Salvador, Brazil. [Baligar, V. C.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP da Gama-Rodrigues, EF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Soil Lab, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. EM emanuela@uenf.br NR 39 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 76 IS 1 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s10457-008-9178-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 437XZ UT WOS:000265521500010 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Tolk, JA AF Evett, Steven R. Tolk, Judy A. TI Introduction: Can Water Use Efficiency Be Modeled Well Enough to Impact Crop Management? SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Crop water use efficiency (WUE, yield per unit of water use) is key for agricultural production with limited water resources. Policymakers and water resource managers working at all scales need to address the multitudinous scenarios in which cropping systems and amounts, timing and methods of irrigation, and fertilizer applications may be changed to improve WUE while meeting yield and harvest quality goals. Experimentation cannot address all scenarios, but accurate simulation models may fill in the gaps. The nine papers in this special section explore how four simulation models were used to simulate yield, water use, and WUE of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), and sunflower (Heliauthus annuus L.) in North and South America, Europe, and the Middle East. All the models simulated WUE adequately under well-watered conditions, but tended to misestimate WUE under conditions of water stress, which limits their use for exploration of deficit irrigation scenarios or rain-fed or dryland situations with expected soil water deficits. None of the experimental conditions reported involved separate measurements of evaporation (E) and transpiration (T); so there was no opportunity to test the separation of E and T simulated in the newest of the models, AquaCrop. The lack of separate E measurements also limited the authors in exploring reasons why WUE was nor simulated well under water stress conditions. Future studies exploring WUE simulation should include E or T measurements so that effects of management methods that reduce E can be studied. C1 [Evett, Steven R.; Tolk, Judy A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Judy.Tolk@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 423 EP 425 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0038xs PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200001 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Staggenborg, SA Gowda, PH Colaizzi, PD Howell, TA AF Baumhardt, R. L. Staggenborg, S. A. Gowda, P. H. Colaizzi, P. D. Howell, T. A. TI Modeling Irrigation Management Strategies to Maximize Cotton Lint Yield and Water Use Efficiency SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Yield Response to Water - Examination of the Role of Crop Models in Predicting Water Use Efficiency CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA ID NITROGEN STATUS; MOISTURE STATUS; DEFICITS; SOIL AB Increasing pumping costs and declining well capacities in the Southern High Plains compel producers to seek irrigation strategies to maximize yield and water use efficiency (WUE), which is the ratio of yield to evapotranspiration (ET). Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is suited to deficit irrigation using wells ranging from 0.29 to 0.93 L s(-1) ha(-1) capacity to supply limited, 2.5 mm d(-1), to complete, 8.1 mm d(-1) ET replacement. Our objectives were to (i) evaluate irrigation capacity and duration effects on lint yield, and (ii) compare application strategies that maximize yield and WUE. The simulation model GOSSYM was used with 1959 to 2000 weather records from Bushland, TX, to calculated yields of cotton grown on a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrectic Paleustoll) with 50 or 100% initial available soil water. We compared all combinations of irrigation duration (4, 6, 8, and 10 wk) and capacity (for ET replacement of 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 mm d(-1) and dryland). Simulated lint yield decreased as irrigation decreased; however, yields for similar irrigation totals increased with increasing irrigation capacity. Simulated yields for cotton irrigated > 8 wk did not differ among irrigation capacities, but cotton irrigated at 5.0 mm d(-1) maintained yield with earlier irrigation termination at 6 wk. Based on mean yields, we determined that spreading water to deficit irrigate a field with 2.5 mm d(-1) yielded similar to 5% less lint than concentrating that water to irrigate smaller fields at 3.75 or 5.0 mm d(-1) that were averaged with complementary (2:1 and 1:1) dryland areas. C1 [Baumhardt, R. L.; Gowda, P. H.; Colaizzi, P. D.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Staggenborg, S. A.] Kansas State Univ, Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM r.louis.baumhardt@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 460 EP 468 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0041xs PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200005 ER PT J AU Heng, LK Hsiao, T Evett, S Howell, T Steduto, P AF Heng, Lee Kheng Hsiao, Theodore Evett, Steve Howell, Terry Steduto, Pasquale TI Validating the FAO AquaCrop Model for Irrigated and Water Deficient Field Maize SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Yield Response to Water - Examination of the Role of Crop Models in Predicting Water Use Efficiency CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA ID SIMULATION-MODEL; CORN; YIELD; NITROGEN; CROP AB Accurate crop development models are important tools in evaluating the effects of water deficits on crop yield or productivity. The FAO AquaCrop model predicts crop productivity, water requirement, and water use efficiency (WUE) under water-limiting conditions. A set of conservative parameters [calibrated and validated for maize (Zea mays L.) in a prior study and considered applicable to a wide range of conditions and not specific to a given maize cultivar] were used to further evaluate the performance of AquaCrop model for maize using data from three studies performed under diverse environmental conditions: Bushland, TX; Gainesville, FL; and Zaragoza, Spain. The three locations were characterized by the extraordinarily high evapotranspiration (ET) and wind speed in the Bushland study; rainy weather and sandy soil in the Gainesville study; and the semiarid conditions in the Zaragoza study. The model was able to simulate the crop water use (ET) under very high ET and wind conditions. Furthermore, the model performed satisfactorily for the growth of aboveground biomass, grain yield, and canopy cover (CC) in the non-water-stress treatments and mild stress conditions, but it was less satisfactory in simulating severe water-stress treatments, especially when stress occurred during senescence. The ease of use of the AquaCrop model, the low requirement of input parameters, and its sufficient degree of simulation accuracy make it a valuable tool for estimating crop productivity under rainfed conditions, supplementary and deficit irrigation, and on-farm water management strategies for improving the efficiency of water use in agriculture. C1 [Heng, Lee Kheng] IAEA, Soil & Water Management & Crop Nutr Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Heng, Lee Kheng] IAEA, Soil & Water Management & Crop Nutr Sect, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Hsiao, Theodore] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Evett, Steve; Howell, Terry] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Steduto, Pasquale] FAO, I-00153 Rome, Italy. RP Heng, LK (reprint author), IAEA, Soil & Water Management & Crop Nutr Sect, Wagrammer Str 5,POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM L.Heng@iaea.org NR 24 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 10 U2 45 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 488 EP 498 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0029xs PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200008 ER PT J AU Stubbs, TL Kennedy, AC Reisenauer, PE Burns, JW AF Stubbs, T. L. Kennedy, A. C. Reisenauer, P. E. Burns, J. W. TI Chemical Composition of Residue from Cereal Crops and Cultivars in Dryland Ecosystems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE YIELD; WHEAT-STRAW; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; QUALITY; DECOMPOSITION; SOIL; NITROGEN; CARBON; RATES AB Cropping systems in the dryland farming region of eastern Washington State are dominated by winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Excessive levels of residue may be an obstacle in the adoption of conservation farming systems. Decomposition of cereal crop residues is associated with fiber and nutrient content, and growers have observed differences in decomposition among cultivars; however, little information exists on their residue characteristics. Cultivars of spring barley (SB), spring wheat (SW), and winter wheat (WW) grown at four locations over two crop years were analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), C, and N contents, and winter wheat decomposition was tested in a laboratory incubation study. Acid detergent lignin was highest in spring barley (9.9%), and least in winter wheat (9.2%) and hard white spring wheat (9.5%). Fiber components and nutrient content varied by location, precipitation zone, and cultivar. Residue in the drier year of the study had lower NDF, ADF, ADL, C, and C/N ratio. Foot rot (Fusarium spp.)-resistant winter wheat cultivars had higher NDF, ADF, and ADL than susceptible cultivars. Laboratory incubation studies showed decomposition of winter wheat straw in soil was correlated with ADF (R(2) > 0.66, P = 0.002) and total N (R(2) > 0.67, P = 0.04). Fiber and nutrient characteristics of residue from wheat and barley cultivars currently produced in the Pacific Northwest can be used to predict residue decomposition in cropping systems that conserve soil and water, and enhance build-up of organic matter. C1 [Stubbs, T. L.; Reisenauer, P. E.; Burns, J. W.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kennedy, A. C.] USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Stubbs, TL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tlstubbs@wsu.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0107x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200013 ER PT J AU Wortmann, CS Dobermann, AR Ferguson, RB Hergert, GW Shapiro, CA Tarkalson, DD Walters, DT AF Wortmann, C. S. Dobermann, A. R. Ferguson, R. B. Hergert, G. W. Shapiro, C. A. Tarkalson, D. D. Walters, D. T. TI High-Yielding Corn Response to Applied Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur in Nebraska SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED SANDY SOIL; ROW CROP RESPONSE; NO-TILL; STARTER FERTILIZER; EASTERN NEBRASKA; GRAIN; PLACEMENT; SILAGE; VALUES; MAIZE AB Nutrient management recommendations may change as yield levels and efficiency of crop production increase. Recommendations for P, K, and S were evaluated using results from 34 irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) trials conducted in diverse situations across Nebraska. The mean yield was 14.7 Mg ha(-1) with adequate fertilizer applied. The median harvest index values, were 0.52, 0.89, 0.15, and 0.56 for biomass, P, K, and S, respectively. Median grain yields were 372, 49, and 613 kg kg(-1) of aboveground plant uptake of P, K, and S, respectively. The estimated critical Bray-1 P level for corn response to 20 kg P ha(-1) was 20 mg kg(-1) when the previous crop was corn compared with 10 mg kg(-1) when corn followed soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Soil test K was generally high with only three site-years <125 mg kg(-1). Over all trials, application of 40 kg K ha(-1) resulted in a 0.2 Mg ha(-1) mean grain yield decrease. Application of 22 kg S ha(-1) did not result in significant yield increase in any trial. Soil test results accounted for twice as much variation in nutrient uptake when soil organic matter (SOM) and pH were considered in addition to the soil test nutrient values. The results indicate a need to revise the current recommendation for P, to maintain the current K and S recommendations, and to use SOM and pH in addition to soil test nutrient values in estimating applied nutrient requirements for irrigated high yield corn production. C1 [Wortmann, C. S.; Ferguson, R. B.; Hergert, G. W.; Shapiro, C. A.; Walters, D. T.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tarkalson, D. D.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wortmann, CS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM cwortmann2@unl.edu NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 546 EP 555 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0103x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200014 ER PT J AU Grassini, P Hunt, E Mitchell, RB Weiss, A AF Grassini, Patricio Hunt, Eric Mitchell, Robert B. Weiss, Albert TI Simulating Switchgrass Growth and Development under Potential and Water-Limiting Conditions SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; ALMANAC MODEL; CROP; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; BIOENERGY; GRASSES; MAIZE AB Anticipating a demand for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a source for biofuel production, a crop simulation model of this crop can be a component of a biofuel decision support system. The objective of this effort was to develop and rest a model for switchgrass, based on robust empirical relationships between plant behavior and the environment. The model simulates date of annual growth initiation (AGI), anthesis, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and water balance components with a daily time step for crops grown under potential and water-limiting conditions. Daily weather data (solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, and rainfall), soil available water-holding capacity (AWHC), and the fraction of AWHC at the date of AGI (FAWHC-AGI) are required inputs. Two cultivar-specific parameters, the maximum rate of development at the optimum temperature (R(max)) and maximum LAI (MAXLAI), synthesize differences in development and growth between cultivars. Tested against 10 independent data sets, the model generated good predictions of date of anthesis (root mean square error [RMSE] = 3 d) and aboveground biomass (RMSE = 1.5 Mg ha(-1)). C1 [Grassini, Patricio] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hunt, Eric; Weiss, Albert] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Mitchell, Robert B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Grassini, P (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM patricio.grassini@huskers.unl.edu FU Fulbright Program; Agricultural Research Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX The senior author wishes also to acknowledge financial support from the Fulbright Program for his graduate assistantship and the Agricultural Research Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 564 EP 571 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0200x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200016 ER PT J AU Ma, LW Hoogenboom, G Saseendran, SA Bartling, PNS Ahuja, LR Green, TR AF Ma, Liwang Hoogenboom, Gerrit Saseendran, S. A. Bartling, P. N. S. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Green, Timothy R. TI Effects of Estimating Soil Hydraulic Properties and Root Growth Factor on Soil Water Balance and Crop Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CICER-ARIETINUM-L; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; QUALITY MODEL; HYBRID MODEL; MANAGEMENT; MAIZE; NITROGEN; YIELD; RZWQM; FERTILIZER AB Accurate simulation of plant growth depends not only on plant parameters, but also on soil parameters. Although there is uncertainty in measured soil parameters and root distributions, their effects on simulated plant growth have been much less studied. This study evaluates the simulated responses of six crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), peanut (Aracbis hypogaea L.), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), under various water and N management to different methods of estimating soil hydraulic properties and soil root growth factor (SRGF) in root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) that contains the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) Version 4.0 plant growth models. The two methods of obtaining the soil water retention curve (SWRC) in RZWQM2 were based on (i) known soil water contents at both 33 and 1500 kPa suctions, or (ii) soil water content at 33 kPa only. The two methods of estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(sat)) were (i) soil texture class based average K(sat) or (ii) K(sat) calculated from effective porosity (difference between soil water contents at saturation and at 33 kPa). For the six crops, simulation results showed that the soil water balance was affected more by K(sat) than by SWRC, whereas the simulated crop growth was affected by both K(sat) and SWRC. Small variations in the SRGF did not affect soil and crop simulations, and SRGF could be estimated with a simple exponential equation. C1 [Ma, Liwang; Saseendran, S. A.; Bartling, P. N. S.; Ahuja, Lajpat R.; Green, Timothy R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hoogenboom, Gerrit] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Ma, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010; Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537; NR 46 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 572 EP 583 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0206x PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200017 ER PT J AU Noellsch, AJ Motavalli, PP Nelson, KA Kitchen, NR AF Noellsch, A. J. Motavalli, P. P. Nelson, K. A. Kitchen, N. R. TI Corn Response to Conventional and Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers across a Claypan Landscape SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VARIABLE LANDSCAPE; OXIDE EMISSIONS; USE EFFICIENCY; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; NITRATE; HILLSLOPE; SYSTEMS; FLORIDA AB Improvement of N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE) is necessary to reduce excess N entering the environment and to increase economic returns. A 2-yr field trial was established in 2005 in Northeast Missouri to determine the effects of conventional and slow-release N fertilizer sources and landscape position (summit, sideslope, and low-lying) on crop growth and NRE in corn (Zea mays L.) in a claypan soil. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments at 168 kg N ha(-1) consisted of pre-plant applied and incorporated polymer-coated urea (PCU), urea, 50% PCU/50% urea mix by weight, anhydrous ammonia (AA), and a nontreated control. Gravimetric soil water content data in 2005 and 2006 indicated that the low-lying position was often wetter than the summit and sideslope positions. Anhydrous ammonia and PCU treatments increased grain yield 1470 to 1810 kg ha(-1) over urea in the low-lying position in 2005 and 2006. Corresponding increases in plant N uptake and NRE were observed in the low-lying position ill 2005 with use of PCU and AA compared to urea, but not in 2006. Based oil the grain yield results in this research and different fertilizer cost and crop prices, gross profit differences for use of PCU and preplant-applied AA compared with urea in the low-lying position could range from $50 to $642 h(-1). These results demonstrate that targeted use of different N fertilizer sources ill claypan landscapes may increase grain yields and profitability. C1 [Noellsch, A. J.; Motavalli, P. P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nelson, K. A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Novelty, MO 63460 USA. [Kitchen, N. R.] USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Motavalli, PP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM motavallip@missouri.edu RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0067x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200021 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Buehring, N Adeli, A Sistani, KR Rowe, DE Pratt, RG AF Tewolde, H. Buehring, N. Adeli, A. Sistani, K. R. Rowe, D. E. Pratt, R. G. TI Cotton Response to Chicken Litter in Rotation with Corn in Clayey Soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP-ROTATION; BROILER LITTER; TILLAGE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; SORGHUM; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; QUALITY; SYSTEMS AB Poultry litter may benefit continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the heavier Midsouth soils in the same way as crop rotation. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of poultry litter in maintaining yield of continuous cotton compared with cotton-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation in the Black Belt Prairie clay soils of Mississippi. The research was conducted in a Catalpa silty clay loam soil in northern Mississippi. Three main plots with the sequence cotton-cotton-cotton, cotton-corn-cotton, and corn-cotton-cotton in 2003-2004-2005 were split into five subplots each of which received 0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5 Mg litter ha(-1) yr(-1) or 123 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as urea-ammonium nitrate solution (32% N; UAN) (conventional inorganic fertilization, CIF). The CIF received 180 kg ha(-1) UAN-N when planted with corn. The results showed 3-yr continuous cotton produced about the same lint yield as cotton that followed corn or 1 yr cotton. Unlike soils in other locations where <= 9.0 Mg ha(-1) litter was adequate to produce yield equal to standard inorganic fertilization, cotton in this soil responded to litter up to 13.5 Mg ha(-1), which suggests lint yield in this clayey soil may be optimized with greater litter fertilization rate than in lighter soils. Cotton fertilized with 13.5 Mg ha(-1) litter, regardless of the rotation, outyielded the CIF by up to 26%. Overall, the results show adequate fertilization with poultry litter may be more important to improving and maintaining lint yield in this soil than the perceived benefit of a short-term rotation with corn. C1 [Tewolde, H.; Adeli, A.; Pratt, R. G.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Buehring, N.] Mississippi State Univ, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Rowe, D. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM haile.tewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 626 EP 634 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0154x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200023 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Tolk, J. A. Howell, T. A. TI Transpiration and Yield Relationships of Grain Sorghum Grown in a Field Environment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CROP PRODUCTIVITY; WHEAT; REQUIREMENT; MANAGEMENT; BICOLOR; PLAINS; PLANTS; MOENCH AB The ability of plants to convert transpiration (T) into dry matter has been studied since the early 20th century. Research has compared differences among species using transpiration efficiency (TE), the ratio of biomass yield (Y(b)) to T; and m and k, which are the slopes of the linear Y(b)/T relationship normalized by atmospheric evaporative demand. The objective of this research was to develop transpiration and biomass relationships (TE, m, and k) and the transpiration and grain relationship (TE 9) of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown in a field environment. Grain sorghum was grown in 1998 and 1999 in weighable lysimeters using stored soil water only and in a rain shelter facility. This approach limited the irrigation and precipitation evaporation components of E so that T estimated (T(est)) using lysimetry in a field environment was emphasized. The TE remained constant through a range of water availability. The TE was similar between the 2 yr, and the combined data produced a slope of the Y(b)/T(est) relationship of 3.5 g m(-2) mm(-1). This was similar to the 3.3 g m(-2) mm(-1) reported for sorghum in the early 20th century, but smaller than current field studies which ranged from 4.0 g m(-2) mm(-1) to 5.7 g m(-2) mm(-1). The TE(g) was 2.6 g m(-2) mm(-1). Normalization of T(est) by seasonal averages of reference evapotranspiration and vapor pressure deficit produced significant differences between years in the slopes of the relationships. Transpiration efficiency did not require normalization for variations in climate between years. C1 [Tolk, J. A.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Judy.Tolk@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0079x PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443GW UT WOS:000265899200027 ER PT J AU Wilde, PE Troy, LM Rogers, BL AF Wilde, Parke E. Troy, Lisa M. Rogers, Beatrice L. TI FOOD STAMPS AND FOOD SPENDING: AN ENGEL FUNCTION APPROACH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE at-home spending; away-from-home food spending; Engel functions; Food Stamp Program; nonparametric regression ID BENEFITS AB Estimation of Food Stamp Program (FSP) effects has been complicated by self-selection and by a contradiction between observed spending patterns and the economic theory of consumer choice. We developed a modified version of the traditional theory, in which participant households may be partly extramarginal even if they have some cash spending on at-home food. Using Current Population Survey (CPS) data for 2001-2005, we estimated Engel functions for at-home and away-from-home food spending for FSP participants and nonparticipants. Compared to nonparticipants with the same level of total income, participants had higher at-home food spending and lower away-from-home food spending. C1 [Wilde, Parke E.; Rogers, Beatrice L.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Troy, Lisa M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Wilde, PE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009 OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230 FU USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS) FX This research was supported by the Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program (FANRP) of the USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS). We are grateful for input from many colleagues, including Margaret Andrews, Mark Nord, and Anne Marie Golla at ERS, the editor, and referees. We thank Nyssa Schloyer Ackerley for research assistance. The authors alone are responsible for the opinions and errors. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 91 IS 2 BP 416 EP 430 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01235.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 428BQ UT WOS:000264823400010 ER PT J AU Morgan, DR Korn, RL Mugleston, SL AF Morgan, David R. Korn, Randi-Lynn Mugleston, Spencer L. TI INSIGHTS INTO RETICULATE EVOLUTION IN MACHAERANTHERINAE (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE): 5S RIBOSOMAL RNA SPACER VARIATION, ESTIMATING SUPPORT FOR INCONGRUENCE, AND CONSTRUCTING RETICULATE PHYLOGENIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; chloroplast DNA; ETS; incongruence; introgression; ITS; Machaeranthera; Machaerantherinae; molecular phylogeny; Wilcoxon signed-rank test ID EXTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; SEQUENCE DATA; RECONSTRUCTING PATTERNS; GENES; ORGANIZATION; TRITICEAE; 5S-DNA; PLANTS; DNA; POLYGONACEAE AB Although reticulate evolution has been a frequent occurrence during the history of plants, determining how it has contributed to plant evolution will require analyzing many nuclear loci and developing effective analytical methods. The objective of this study was to make progress toward meeting these requirements in the evolutionarily complex subtribe Machaerantherinae. The 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) spacer was investigated to Characterize its, structure and Variation. Analysis of the spacer supported relations hips that were mostly the same as those supported by ITS and ETS sequence data. Two methods were used to estimate support for 11 occurrences of incongruence between 5S/ITS/ETS and cpDNA data sets. The five best-supported incongruences were proposed to have reticulate evolutionary histories. For Arida blepharophylla, Xanthisma rhizomatum, and Pyrrocoma, 5S and ITS/ETS evidence supported the same or similar relationships, indicating that these two regions of the nuclear genome were descended from the same ancestor or from two closely related ancestors, with cpDNA coming from a more distantly related ancestor. The 5S and ITS/ETS evidence disagreed on the relationships of Arida riparia, suggesting that its ITS/ETS region came from one ancestor and its 5S region and cpDNA from a different ancestor. C1 [Morgan, David R.; Korn, Randi-Lynn] Univ W Georgia, Dept Biol, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. [Mugleston, Spencer L.] USDA, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. RP Morgan, DR (reprint author), Univ W Georgia, Dept Biol, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. EM dmorgan@westga.edu FU University of West Georgia; NIH [P-20 RR-016464]; National Center for Research Resources (to the Nevada Genomics Center sequencing laboratory) FX The authors thank S. Markos for providing (lie DNA sample of Haplopappus glutinosus and three anonymous reviewers for helpful Comments oil the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the University of West Georgia (to D.R.M.). and NIH grant P-20 RR-016464 from the INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources (to the Nevada Genomics Center sequencing laboratory). NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 96 IS 5 BP 920 EP 932 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800308 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 443HN UT WOS:000265900900007 PM 21628245 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Johnson, LK Roughead, ZKF AF Hunt, Janet R. Johnson, LuAnn K. Roughead, Z. K. Fariba TI Dietary protein and calcium interact to influence calcium retention: a controlled feeding study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; CROSS-LINK EXCRETION; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; RENAL ACID LOAD; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; INDUCED HYPERCALCIURIA; PHOSPHORUS INTAKE; MEAT DIETS; OLDER MEN; METABOLISM AB Background: The effect of meat protein on calcium retention at different calcium intakes is unresolved. Objective: The objective was to test the effect of dietary protein on calcium retention at low and high intakes of calcium. Design: In a randomized controlled feeding study with a 2 x 2 factorial crossover design, healthy postmenopausal women (n = 27) consumed either approximate to 675 or approximate to 1510 mg Ca/d, with both low and high protein (providing 10% and 20% energy) for 7 wk each, separated by a 3-wk washout period. After 3 wk, the entire diet was extrinsically labeled with (47)Ca, and isotope retention was monitored by whole-body scintillation counting. Clinical markers of calcium and bone metabolism were measured. Results: High compared with low dietary protein significantly increased calcium retention from the low-calcium (29.5% compared with 26.0% absorbed) but not the high-calcium diet (18% absorbed). For the low-calcium diet, this effect nearly balanced a protein-related 0.5-mmol/d greater urinary calcium excretion. Protein-related calciuretic effects were independent of dietary calcium. Testing at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 wk showed no long-term adaptation in urinary acidity or urinary calcium excretion. High compared with low dietary protein decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline and increased serum insulin-like growth factor I without affecting parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Conclusions: In healthy postmenopausal women, a moderate increase in dietary protein, from 10% to 20% of energy, slightly improved calcium absorption from a low-calcium diet, nearly compensating for a slight increase in urinary calcium excretion. Under practical dietary conditions, increased dietary protein from animal sources was not detrimental to calcium balance or short-term indicators of bone health. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1357-65. C1 [Hunt, Janet R.; Roughead, Z. K. Fariba] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Johnson, LuAnn K.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,STOP 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM janetrhunt@gmail.com FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; National Cattlemen's Beef Association; North Dakota Beef Commission FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, and the North Dakota Beef Commission. NR 46 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1365 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27238 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436EB UT WOS:000265394300013 PM 19279077 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, Jose M. TI Genetic influences on blood lipids and cardiovascular disease risk: tools for primary prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Early Risk Determinants and Later Health Outcomes - Implications for Research Prioritization and the Food Supply CY JUL 08-09, 2008 CL Washington, DC ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; POSTPRANDIAL LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; COLUMBIA-UNIVERSITY BIOMARKERS; PROMOTER -219G/T POLYMORPHISM; DIETARY MODIFICATION TRIAL; ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-GAMMA; E PHENOTYPE; SERUM-LIPIDS; E GENOTYPE; LDL-CHOLESTEROL AB Genetic polymorphism in human populations is part of the evolutionary process that results from the interaction between the environment and the human genome. Recent changes in diet have upset this equilibrium, potentially influencing the risk of most common morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Reduction of these conditions is a major public health concern, and such a reduction could be achieved by improving our ability to detect disease predisposition early in life and by providing more personalized behavioral recommendations for successful primary prevention. In terms of cardiovascular diseases, polymorphisms at multiple genes have been associated with differential effects in terms of lipid metabolism; however, the connection with cardiovascular disease has been more elusive, and considerable heterogeneity exists among studies regarding the predictive value of genetic markers. This may be because of experimental limitations, the intrinsic complexity of the phenotypes, and the aforementioned interactions with environmental factors. The integration of genetic and environmental complexity into current and future research will drive the field toward the implementation of clinical tools aimed at providing dietary advice optimized for the individual's genome. This may imply that dietary changes are implemented early in life to gain maximum benefit. However, it is important to highlight that most reported studies have focused on adult populations and to extrapolate these findings to children and adolescents may not be justified until proper studies have been carried out in these populations and until the ethical and legal issues associated with this new field are adequately addressed. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89(suppl): 1509S-17S. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776, U01HL072524-04]; NIA NIH HHS [5P01AG023394-02]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK075030] NR 110 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 5 BP S1509 EP S1517 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27113E PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436EB UT WOS:000265394300035 PM 19339403 ER PT J AU Willis, LM Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Willis, Lauren M. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. TI Modulation of cognition and behavior in aged animals: role for antioxidant- and essential fatty acid-rich plant foods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition CY MAR, 2008 CL Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA HO Loma Linda Univ ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; MEMBRANE-COMPOSITION; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BRAIN; PLASTICITY AB Aging results in the development of cognitive and motor deficits in humans and animals that are evident by midlife. These deficits are thought to stem from neuronal damage and dysfunction as a result of a variety of stressors, including increased oxidative stress and modifications in brain lipid composition. Recent clinical and animal studies have identified nutritional intervention as a viable method to curtail the cognitive aging process. Human studies have been primarily observational and have indicated that inclusion of antioxidant-rich foods in the diet can slow the progression of cognitive decline. Basic science studies investigating nutritional modulation of age-related cognitive decline have focused on foods rich in antioxidants or essential fatty acids. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advancements in animal research showing that age-related cognitive and behavioral decline can be ameliorated with nutritional supplementation with polyphenol- or polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich plant foods. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89(suppl): 1602S-6S. C1 [Willis, Lauren M.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 5 BP S1602 EP S1606 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736J PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436EB UT WOS:000265394300049 PM 19339395 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Oesterle, PT Bowen, RA AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Oesterle, Paul T. Bowen, Richard A. TI Humoral Immunity to West Nile Virus Is Long-Lasting and Protective in the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LOUIS-ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; BIRDS; FINCHES; TRANSMISSION; REINFECTION; PERSISTENCE; ANTIBODIES; CALIFORNIA AB The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a common and abundant amplifying host of West Nile virus (WNV) and many survive infection and develop humoral immunity. We experimentally inoculated house sparrows with WNV and monitored duration and protection of resulting antibodies. Neutralizing antibody titers remained relatively constant for >= 36 months (N = 42) and provided sterilizing immunity for up to 36 months post-inoculation in 98.6% of individuals (N = 72). These results imply that immune house sparrows are protected from WNV infection for multiple transmission seasons. Additionally, individuals experiencing WNV-associated mortality reached significantly higher peak viremia titers than survivors, and mortality during acute infection was significantly higher in caged versus free-flight sparrows. A better understanding of the long-term immunity and mortality rates in birds is valuable in interpreting serosurveillance and diagnostic data and modeling transmission and disease dynamics. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole M.; Oesterle, Paul T.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu; Paul.T.Oesterle@aphis.usda.gov; rbowen@colostate.edu FU NIH [N01-AI25489] FX This research was funded by NIH contract N01-AI25489. NR 37 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 BP 864 EP 869 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 443GS UT WOS:000265898800034 PM 19407139 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Suryawan, Agus O'Connor, Pamela M. J. Bush, Jill A. Nguyen, Hanh V. Davis, Teresa A. TI Differential regulation of protein synthesis by amino acids and insulin in peripheral and visceral tissues of neonatal pigs SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE Growth; Muscle; Liver; Newborn; Protein metabolism ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SUCKLING RATS; FOOD-INTAKE; LIVER; BODY; SKIN; STIMULATION; METABOLISM; DECREASES; TURNOVER AB The high efficiency of protein deposition during the neonatal period is driven by high rates of protein synthesis, which are maximally stimulated after feeding. In the current study, we examined the individual roles of amino acids and insulin in the regulation of protein synthesis in peripheral and visceral tissues of the neonate by performing pancreatic glucose-amino acid clamps in overnight-fasted 7-day-old pigs. We infused pigs (n = 8-12/group) with insulin at 0, 10, 22, and 110 ng kg(-0.66) min(-1) to achieve similar to 0, 2, 6 and 30 mu U ml(-1) insulin so as to simulate below fasting, fasting, intermediate, and fed insulin levels, respectively. At each insulin dose, amino acids were maintained at the fasting or fed level. In conjunction with the highest insulin dose, amino acids were also allowed to fall below the fasting level. Tissue protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of l-[4-(3)H] phenylalanine. Both insulin and amino acids increased fractional rates of protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi, gastrocnemius, masseter, and diaphragm muscles. Insulin, but not amino acids, increased protein synthesis in the skin. Amino acids, but not insulin, increased protein synthesis in the liver, pancreas, spleen, and lung and tended to increase protein synthesis in the jejunum and kidney. Neither insulin nor amino acids altered protein synthesis in the stomach. The results suggest that the stimulation of protein synthesis by feeding in most tissues of the neonate is regulated by the post-prandial rise in amino acids. However, the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscles is independently mediated by insulin as well as amino acids. C1 [Suryawan, Agus; O'Connor, Pamela M. J.; Bush, Jill A.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Dept Pediat,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Dept Pediat,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [AR-44474]; USDA/ARS [6250510000-33] FX We thank J.C. Stubblefield for care of animals and L.F. Weiser for secretarial assistance. This work is publication of the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. This project has been funded in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant AR-44474 and by the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement no. 6250510000-33. NR 29 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD MAY PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s00726-008-0149-z PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 440FE UT WOS:000265685400009 PM 18683020 ER PT J AU Scholten, M Donahue, J Shaw, NL Serpe, MD AF Scholten, Melissa Donahue, Jacklyn Shaw, Nancy L. Serpe, Marcelo D. TI Environmental regulation of dormancy loss in seeds of Lomatium dissectum (Apiaceae) SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Apiaceae; cold stratification; Lomatium dissectum; morphophysiological dormancy; secondary dormancy; seed germination ID EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST; GERMINATION ECOPHYSIOLOGY; SECONDARY DORMANCY; L. SEEDS; MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DORMANCY; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; EMBRYO GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; RAINFALL AB (Apiaceae) is a perennial, herbaceous plant of wide distribution in Western North America. At the time of dispersal, L. dissectum seeds are dormant and have under-developed embryos. The aims of this work were to determine the requirements for dormancy break and germination, to characterize the type of seed dormancy, and to determine the effect of dehydration after embryo growth on seed viability and secondary dormancy. The temperature requirements for embryo growth and germination were investigated under growth chamber and field conditions. The effect of GA(3) on embryo growth was also analysed to determine the specific type of seed dormancy. The effect of dehydration on seed viability and induction of secondary dormancy were tested in seeds where embryos had elongated about 4-fold their initial length. Most experiments examining the nature of seed dormancy were conducted with seeds collected at one site in two different years. To characterize the degree of variation in dormancy-breaking requirements among seed populations, the stratification requirements of seeds collected at eight different sites were compared. Embryo growth prior to and during germination occurred at temperatures between 3 and 6 degrees C and was negligible at stratification temperatures of 0.5 and 9.1 degrees C. Seeds buried in the field and exposed to natural winter conditions showed similar trends. Interruption of the cold stratification period by 8 weeks of dehydration decreased seed viability by about 30 % and induced secondary dormancy in the remaining viable seeds. Comparison of the cold stratification requirements of different seed populations indicates that seeds collected from moist habitats have longer cold stratification requirements that those from semiarid environments. Seeds of L. dissectum have deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. The requirements for dormancy break and germination reflect an adaptation to trigger germination in late winter. C1 [Scholten, Melissa; Donahue, Jacklyn; Serpe, Marcelo D.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Scholten, Melissa; Shaw, Nancy L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Serpe, MD (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM mserpe@boisestate.edu FU USDI Bureau of Land Management; Great Basin Restoration Initiative; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project FX We thank Laura Bond (Boise State University) for her assistance with statistical analysis and Randy Johnson and Chris Poklemba (USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station) for Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum seeds. This work was supported by the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Great Basin Restoration Initiative and the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 BP 1091 EP 1101 DI 10.1093/aob/mcp038 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 434IF UT WOS:000265267700009 PM 19233890 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TM Braman, SK Chen, ZB Eaton, TD Pettis, GV Boyd, DW AF Jenkins, Tracie M. Braman, S. Kris Chen, Zhenbang Eaton, Tyler D. Pettis, Gretchen V. Boyd, David W. TI Insights Into Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) Host Specificity From Concordant Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Phylogenies SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Altica litigata; flea beetle; mitochondrial DNA; internal transcribed spacer; herbivore ID TRANSCRIBED SPACER-2 ITS2; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; SECONDARY STRUCTURES; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; ALTICA-LITIGATA; PLANT; SEQUENCES; GENETICS AB Flea beetles in the genus Altica are herbivorous, urban agricultural pests that are morphologically difficult to distinguish. Host plant associations, therefore, have been used as an important species character in field studies. Indigenous weeds in the Onagraceae, genus Oenothera, are known to serve as developmental hosts for the flea beetle Altica litigata Fall. Although host plant specificity in herbivorous beetles is labile and adult A. litigata. have been reported to aggregately feed on plants in the nonindigenous Lythraceae, genus Lagerstroemia, there is no evidence that these ornamental trees serve as developmental hosts. Because adult A. litigata feed on host plants from species in two plant genera, this study was designed to test two hypotheses. The first hypothesis that was tested was whether adult flea beetles collected from primrose and crape myrtle plants across four ecoregions are phenotypically (morphology) and genotypically (genotype) A. litigata. The second hypothesis that was tested was whether two unlinked loci, cytochrome oxidase subunit I and internal transcribed spacer, are phylogenetically concordant for flea beetle species. If so, they could be used to determine the intraspecific geographic history of A. litigata collected from Oenothera and Lagerstroemia species. We discuss how these markers, in conjunction with morphology and host plant feeding behavior, can not only help to validate morphologically difficult taxa but also can illuminate herbivore-plant genetic structure through phylogeny analyses. C1 [Jenkins, Tracie M.; Braman, S. Kris; Eaton, Tyler D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Chen, Zhenbang] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Pettis, Gretchen V.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30206 USA. [Boyd, David W.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Jenkins, TM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM jenkinst@uga.edu NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 386 EP 395 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444ZG UT WOS:000266018800006 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Aguayo, I Aslin, R Durham, G Hamud, SM Moltzan, BD Munson, AS Negron, JF Peterson, T Ragenovich, IR Witcosky, JJ Seybold, SJ AF Lee, Jana C. Aguayo, Ingrid Aslin, Ray Durham, Gail Hamud, Shakeeb M. Moltzan, Bruce D. Munson, A. Steve Negron, Jose F. Peterson, Travis Ragenovich, Iral R. Witcosky, Jeffrey J. Seybold, Steven J. TI Co-Occurrence of the Invasive Banded and European Elm Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE competitive displacement; flight behavior; Scolytidae; Scolytus multistriatus; Scolytus schevyrewi ID MULTISTRIATUS COLEOPTERA; COMPETITIVE DISPLACEMENT; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; COLORADO; INSECTS; ECOLOGY; ULMI AB The invasive European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), was detected in Massachusetts a century ago, and it now occurs throughout the continental United States and southern Canada. The Asian banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, was discovered in the United States in 2003, and now occurs in 28 states and the province of Alberta, Canada. Although the indigenous populations of these two species are allopatric, the invasive populations are now sympatric in North America where they co-colonize elm (Ulmus spp.) trees. A large-scale survey of these two Scolytus species was conducted with baited funnel traps, Plexiglas panel traps, and Ulmus pumila L. trap logs. Sites (four per locality) were monitored around Sacramento, CA; Reno, NV; Ogden, UT; Newcastle, WY; and Fort Collins, CO (2006-2007), and Manhattan, KS, and Columbia, MO (both only in 2007). Trap catches of S. schevrewyi relative to both Scolytus species captured from all three trapping methods at each survey site were 90 and 89% in Colorado, 90 and 83% in Wyoming, 60 and 68% in Utah, 43 and 68% in Nevada, and 11 and 13% in California (all in 2006 and 2007, respectively), and 3.3% in Kansas and 2.7% in Missouri (both only in 2007). Elevated abundances of S. schevyrewi at survey sites in Colorado and Wyoming could be the result of competitive displacement of S. multistriatus by S. schevyrewi, whose occurrence and mechanism require further study. General seasonal trends from all sites indicated peak flight in July and August for S. schevyrewi and two peaks (May-June and July-August) for S. multistriatus. Funnel traps baited with Multilure and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol were highly attractive to S. multistriatus, and mildly attractive to S. schevyrewi, whereas panel traps caught few beetles. The U. pumila trap logs were a more sensitive monitoring tool for detecting the presence of S. schevyrewi. C1 [Lee, Jana C.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lee, Jana C.; Hamud, Shakeeb M.; Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Aguayo, Ingrid] Colorado State Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aslin, Ray] Kansas Forest Serv, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Durham, Gail] Nevada Div Forestry, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Moltzan, Bruce D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. [Negron, Jose F.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Peterson, Travis] City Newcastle, Newcastle, WY 82701 USA. [Ragenovich, Iral R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Witcosky, Jeffrey J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM jana.lee@ars.usda.gov FU USDA NRI CSREES [2006-35302-16611]; USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Program [R2-2004-05]; Pacific Northwest Region R6 Forest Health Protection; Pacific Southwest and Rocky Mountain Research Stations FX We thank T. H. Atkinson (Dow AgroSciences, Austin, TX; retired), B. Celaya (Office of State Forester, Phoenix, AZ), J. Cena (Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia, WA), A. Eitam (USDA-APHIS, Pickerington, OH), R. J. Hauer (University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI), R. Haack (USDA Forest Service [FS], East Lansing, MI), R. Hiskes (Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT), J. R. LaBonte (Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, OR), D. Martin (Virginia Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Richmond, VA), R. L. Penrose (California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, CA), and E. G. Riley (Texas A & M University, College Station, TX) for unpublished data on the distribution of S. multistriatus and S. schevyrewi and port interception records. We thank the following people for assistance: [California[ P. Jiros (USDA FS, Davis); T. Eifler, E. Espiritu, S. Genito, S. Hishinuma, L. Shell, T. Sze-To, C. Wang, T. Young (University of California, Davis); S. Howe (Bing Maloney Golf Course, Sacramento); K. Daane (University of California, Berkeley); [CO[ S. Costello, D. Dean, J. Popp (USDA FS); Johnson Investments; Colorado State Experiment Station, Harris Elementary School, Ft. Collins; P. McCusker (Colorado FS); [ KS] K. Bomberger, R. Hauck, T. Rhodes, S. Zimmer (Kansas FS); Z. and P. Bomberger (Dwight); [MO] D. Brandt (Montana Department. Conservation); J. and M. Stevens (Columbia); [NV] M. Ghiggeri (Nevada Division of Forestry); S. Churchillo (Reno Parks & Recreation); V. Markussen (Carson City); T. Jennings (Brookside); D. Kennedy (UNR Valley Road); J. Romwall (Mercury Air Center); R. Inman, M. Reitz (Reno); [UT] L. Dunning, B. Bentz (USDA FS); M. McKinley (Ogden Nature Center); Freeport Center; J. Tracy (Ben Lomond); C. Sibbernsen (Unita-Wasatch-Cache NF Ogden RD); [WY] Cheyenne East High School; L. Koch (Wyoming State Forestry Division); and B. Terry, C. Allison (Newcastle). Funding was provided by USDA NRI CSREES grant 2006-35302-16611, USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Program grant R2-2004-05, Pacific Northwest Region R6 Forest Health Protection, and the Pacific Southwest and Rocky Mountain Research Stations. We also thank D. Ullman, S. Padgett, and L. Beneze (UC Davis, Department of Entomology) for administrative support. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 426 EP 436 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444ZG UT WOS:000266018800011 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Baez, I Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo Baez, Ignacio Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr. TI Reproduction, Longevity, and Survival of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Opuntia ficus-indica; egg production; adult body weights; egg incubation ID BERG LEPIDOPTERA; OPUNTIA; MEXICO; IMPACT AB Screened potted cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., plants containing pairs of adult male and female cactus moths, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were placed in a cactus field in St. Marks, FL, to measure oviposition patterns under ambient conditions. Results showed a narrow window for oviposition during third and sixth day of adult female's life. Peak oviposition activity occurred on the third day, whether measured in total fecundity, numbers of eggs per egg stick or numbers of ovipositions. After the third day, not only did oviposition rate decrease but also the quality of eggs produced declined. Percentage of egg hatch decreased and egg incubation increased. Longevity of adult males (6.3 +/- 0.79 d) did not differ from that of females (5.2 +/- 0.4), although female adults (157.8 +/- 4.5 mg) weighed more than males (74.9 +/- 1.51). Therefore, from the perspective of mass rearing this moth, the optimal time for collecting eggs is limited to the third day in the life of the adult female. C1 [Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo] Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr.] Florida Publ Serv Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM jesusa.legaspi@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 445 EP 449 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444ZG UT WOS:000266018800013 ER PT J AU Wenninger, EJ Stelinski, LL Hall, DG AF Wenninger, Erik J. Stelinski, Lukasz L. Hall, David G. TI Relationships Between Adult Abdominal Color and Reproductive Potential in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; body color; pigment; reproductive output; fecundity ID SITOBION-AVENAE; SEASONAL FORMS; UNITED-STATES; GRAIN APHID; PEA APHID; HOMOPTERA; PARASITISM; PIGMENTS; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA AB Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a vector of huanglongbing (citrus greening disease), exhibits three more or less distinct abdominal colors in the adult stage: gray/brown, blue/green, and orange/yellow. A previous report showed that, relative to blue/green individuals, gray/brown individuals of both sexes have lower body mass, and gray/brown females may have lower reproductive output. In the present investigation, we directly examined the relationships between female and male abdominal color and reproductive output. We also assessed how psyllid body mass was influenced by transfer to fresh plant material and how female and male abdominal color affected behavioral responses of males to crushed females in a petri dish assay. Relative to blue/green females, gray/brown females exhibited lower fecundity over the first 2-5 d after mating, but fecundity did not differ over the remainder of a 21-d observation period. Regardless of abdominal color, females mated with gray/brown males showed an earlier, sharper peak in fecundity, whereas females mated with blue/green males showed a later, more gradual peak in fecundity. Gray/brown males elicited lower egg fertility in their mates, but egg fertility did not vary according to female abdominal color. Males-irrespective of abdominal color-exhibited stronger evidence of attraction to crushed blue/green females than to crushed gray/brown females. Gray/brown individuals of both sexes showed an increase in body mass 5-6 d after transfer to a new citrus seedling, suggesting that abdominal color (which is closely related to body mass) may be influenced at least in part by plant quality. C1 [Wenninger, Erik J.; Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Stelinski, Lukasz L.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Wenninger, EJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. EM erikw@uidaho.edu RI Stelinski, Lukasz/A-6362-2008 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 476 EP 483 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444ZG UT WOS:000266018800018 ER PT J AU Zhang, YZ Sun, JH Hanula, JL AF Zhang, Yanzhuo Sun, Jianghua Hanula, James L. TI Biology and Life History of Argopistes tsekooni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in China, a Promising Biological Control Agent of Chinese Privet SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE life history; Argopistes tsekooni; Ligustrum sinense; biological control ID THISTLE CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; FLEA BEETLE; CREEPING THISTLE; SENECIO-JACOBAEA; INSECTS; BRITAIN; CANADA; WEED; COL AB The biology and life history of Argopistes tsekooni Chen (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a potential biological control agent of Chinese privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour., was studied under laboratory and outdoor conditions in Huangshan City of Anhui Province, China, in 2006. A. tsekooni larvae are leafminers that undergo three instars. The first two instars feed exclusively within the leaf. The third instar feeds within the leaf until larval development is complete and then falls to the ground where it burrows into the soil to pupate. Larval development is completed within a single mine. Adult A. tsekooni is also a foliage feeder, consuming 8.32 +/- 0.96 mm(2) of privet leaf per day. A female lays an average of 27.8 +/- 5.4 eggs within 30 d. A. tsekooni overwinters as an adult and had three overlapped generations in Anhui Province, an area similar in climate to Atlanta, GA. Biological attributes of A. tsekooni, such as high damage levels caused by larvae and adults and multiple overlapping generations per year, suggest that this flea beetle is a good candidate for biological control of Chinese privet in the United States. C1 [Zhang, Yanzhuo; Sun, Jianghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yanzhuo] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn RI Zhang, Yanzhuo/E-8902-2011 FU USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30525009] FX We are grateful to Prof. Shuyong Wang for assistance with identification of A. tsekooni and to Huaijun Xue and Siqin Ge for taxonomic descriptions. We also thank Fang Fang for help with field collection. This research is part of an ongoing Sino-U.S. Chinese privet biological control cooperative program funded by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station and partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 30525009). NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 508 EP 516 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444ZG UT WOS:000266018800022 ER PT J AU Sanchez, V Keena, MA AF Sanchez, V. Keena, M. A. TI Allozyme Variation in Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) From the United States and China SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; genetic diversity; allozymes; parthenogenic ID LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; APHID MYZUS-PERSICAE; GENETIC-VARIATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; HOMOPTERA; ADAPTATION; PATTERNS AB The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is a major introduced pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere. Hemlock woolly adelgid in the United States is anholocyclic and an obligate parthenogen, because no suitable primary host (on which sexual reproduction occurs in Asia) is reported for this adelgid in the United States. Allozyme analyses were conducted to assess the relatedness between three hemlock woolly adelgid populations in the eastern United States (Connecticut, New Jersey, and Virginia) and to compare them with adelgids from the western United States (Washington) and China. Significant hemlock woolly adelgid allozyme variation was found between nonadjacent trees within a site in the eastern United States. There was a small difference between the two northern and the southern populations despite the relative genetic uniformity between the sites across the allozyme loci evaluated. There were low numbers of protein alleles in the eastern populations, whereas the western and Chinese populations had additional alleles not found in the eastern populations. Both heterozygote excesses and deficits were detected as would be expected in populations that are not randomly mating. There were only a few abundant genotypes and they tended to be more homozygous than the rarer genotypes. The hemlock woolly adelgid population from China that is cyclically parthenogenic was more genetically diverse than the other hemlock woolly adelgid populations that are presumed to be obligately parthenogenic. Allozymes provide some useful information about genetic variation in hemlock woolly adelgid but seem to be less suited to assess actual genetic diversity and structure of populations because of the small size of the hemlock woolly adelgid. C1 [Sanchez, V.; Keena, M. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Keena, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM mkeena@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444ZG UT WOS:000266018800026 ER PT J AU Wenninger, EJ Hall, DG Mankin, RW AF Wenninger, Erik J. Hall, David G. Mankin, Richard W. TI Vibrational Communication Between the Sexes in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; acoustic communication; citrus greening disease; huanglongbing ID INFESTED PEAR SHOOTS; CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; MATE-LOCATION; INSECT DETECTION; MATING-BEHAVIOR; HOMOPTERA; ATTRACTION; FEMALES; FLORIDA; TEPHRITIDAE AB We examined the substrate-borne vibrational signals used in communication between the sexes in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a vector of huanglongbing (all economically devastating disease of citrus), in an anechoic chamber and all olfactometer. Males and females both primarily produced simple, low-amplitude vibrational signals at multiples of 170-250 Hz, ranging in duration from 140 to 700 ms. The vibrational frequencies of males and females were negatively correlated with mass, but the correlation was statistically significant only for males. Females replied to male calls within all interval of 0.3-1.2 s. Such signals are within the ranges of signals observed for other psyllids. Female-female interactions were occasionally observed. Intervals between male calls were not significantly different whether or not females replied. In an olfactometer, calling rate did not differ between virgin males exposed to odors from virgin females on citrus versus those exposed only to clean air. However, the latent period for initialization of calling was significantly shorter for males exposed to clean air, suggesting that in the absence of olfactory cues psyllids might be more inclined to use acoustic signals to communicate with conspecifics. Moreover, calling rate and latency to initialization of calling were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with male age, suggesting that males are more likely to call the longer they remain unmated. C1 [Wenninger, Erik J.; Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Mankin, Richard W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Wenninger, EJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. EM erikw@uidaho.edu NR 56 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 547 EP 555 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444ZG UT WOS:000266018800027 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Aluja, M Cosse, AA Sacchetti, P AF Robacker, David C. Aluja, Martin Cosse, Allard A. Sacchetti, Patrizia TI Sex Pheromone Investigation of Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE trimethylpyrazine; 2,5-dimethylpyrazine; dihydropyrazine ID MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY; BEHAVIOR AB Attraction of virgin female Anastrepha serpentina Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) to the odor of calling males was demonstrated. This sex pheromone-mediated attraction occurred during the latter half of a 13-h photophase but not during the first half of the day. Two major components of emissions of calling males, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (DMP) and 3,6-dihydro-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (DHDMP), and trimethylpyrazine (TMP), a minor component, were tested for pheromonal activity. DMP and TMP elicited antennal responses using electroantennogram assays, but no response was observed for DHDMP. DMP and combinations of DMP and TMP were not attractive in laboratory bioassays. Bioassays of DHDMP were complicated by its instability making purification of the compound unfeasible. Bioassays of DHDMP in unpurified form were further complicated by the presence of reaction byproducts and unreacted reagent in crude preparations of the DHDMP. However, statistical analysis indicated that combinations of 100-500 ng of DHDMP in mixtures with DMP as the major component elicited attraction in laboratory bioassays with sexually active female flies. Taking into account all of the data, we could not conclude that any of the chemicals emitted by males are pheromones, but based on female fly responses to mixtures of DHDMP and DMP, this is the most likely scenario. C1 [Cosse, Allard A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Robacker, David C.] USDA ARS, CQFIR, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Aluja, Martin] Asociac Civil, Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. [Sacchetti, Patrizia] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Biotecnol Agr, I-50144 Florence, Italy. RP Cosse, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. FU INECOL; Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Teenologia [46846-Q [2004-2008]]; Mexican Campana Nacional Contra Moscas de la Fruta; CONACyT [79449] FX D.C.R. thanks Maura Rodriguez (USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX) for technical assistance. MA. thanks Benno Graf and Jorg Samietz (Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil ACW, Nyon, Switzerland) for providing ideal working conditions to finish writing this paper. Portions of this work conducted in Mexico were financially supported by INECOL, and by grants to M.A. from the Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Teenologia (CONACyT grant 46846-Q [2004-2008]) and the Mexican Campana Nacional Contra Moscas de la Fruta (Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca-Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (SAGARPA-IICA). M.A. also acknowledges support from CONACyT through a Sabbatical Year Fellowship (Ref. 79449). NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 560 EP 566 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444ZG UT WOS:000266018800029 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Park, JH Park, TH Bronstein, PA Schneider, DJ Cartinhour, SW Shuler, ML AF Kim, Beum Jun Park, Joon Ho Park, Tai Hyun Bronstein, Philip A. Schneider, David J. Cartinhour, Samuel W. Shuler, Michael L. TI Effect of Iron Concentration on the Growth Rate of Pseudomonas syringae and the Expression of Virulence Factors in hrp-Inducing Minimal Medium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PV SYRINGAE; AMINO-ACIDS; AERUGINOSA; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; PLANT; MICROORGANISMS; OPTIMIZATION; ORGANIZATION AB Although chemically defined media have been developed and widely used to study the expression of virulence factors in the model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, it has been difficult to link specific medium components to the induction response. Using a chemostat system, we found that iron is the limiting nutrient for growth in the standard hrp-inducing minimal medium and plays an important role in inducing several virulence-related genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. With various concentrations of iron oxalate, growth was found to follow Monod-type kinetics for low to moderate iron concentrations. Observable toxicity due to iron began at 400 mu M Fe(3+). The kinetics of virulence factor gene induction can be expressed mathematically in terms of supplemented-iron concentration. We conclude that studies of induction of virulence-related genes in P. syringae should control iron levels carefully to reduce variations in the availability of this essential nutrient. C1 [Shuler, Michael L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kim, Beum Jun; Park, Joon Ho; Park, Tai Hyun; Shuler, Michael L.] Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Park, Joon Ho; Park, Tai Hyun] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Bronstein, Philip A.; Schneider, David J.; Cartinhour, Samuel W.] Cornell Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bronstein, Philip A.; Schneider, David J.; Cartinhour, Samuel W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Interact, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shuler, ML (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 115 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mls50@cornell.edu RI KIM, BEUM JUN/G-6829-2011; Schneider, David/H-2236-2012; Park, Tai Hyun/C-6529-2013 OI KIM, BEUM JUN/0000-0003-1797-5026; Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385; FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; NBS-ERC (Nano Bioelectronics and Systems Research Center)/KOSEF (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation) FX We thank Monica Mall for helping with RNA analysis. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2720 EP 2726 DI 10.1128/AEM.02738-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 438WO UT WOS:000265586900015 PM 19270129 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS AF Wong, Dominic W. S. TI Structure and Action Mechanism of Ligninolytic Enzymes SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Lignin peroxidase; Manganese peroxidase; Versatile peroxidase; Laccase; Lignin degradation ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; RHUS-VERNICIFERA LACCASE; PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED OXIDATION; SUBSTRATE INTERACTION SITES; EXTRACELLULAR HEME ENZYME; AROMATIC RING-CLEAVAGE; ALCOHOL RADICAL-CATION; WOOD-ROTTING FUNGI AB Lignin is the most abundant renewable source of aromatic polymer in nature, and its decomposition is indispensable for carbon recycling. It is chemically recalcitrant to breakdown by most organisms because of the complex, heterogeneous structure. The white-rot fungi produce an array of extracellular oxidative enzymes that synergistically and efficiently degrade lignin. The major groups of ligninolytic enzymes include lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, versatile peroxidases, and laccases. The peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes with catalytic cycles that involve the activation by H2O2 and substrate reduction of compound I and compound II intermediates. Lignin peroxidases have the unique ability to catalyze oxidative cleavage of C-C bonds and ether (C-O-C) bonds in non-phenolic aromatic substrates of high redox potential. Manganese peroxidases oxidize Mn(II) to Mn(III), which facilitates the degradation of phenolic compounds or, in turn, oxidizes a second mediator for the breakdown of non-phenolic compounds. Versatile peroxidases are hybrids of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase with a bifunctional characteristic. Laccases are multi-copper-containing proteins that catalyze the oxidation of phenolic substrates with concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. This review covers the chemical nature of lignin substrates and focuses on the biochemical properties, molecular structures, reaction mechanisms, and related structures/functions of these enzymes. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 206 TC 178 Z9 186 U1 10 U2 133 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 EI 1559-0291 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 157 IS 2 BP 174 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8279-z PG 36 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 445SN UT WOS:000266071900005 PM 18581264 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT AF Klasson, K. Thomas TI Introduction to Session 12: Advances in Enzyme Science and Technology SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. EM Thomas.Klasson@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1-3 BP 555 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s12010-009-8616-x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474US UT WOS:000268310300012 PM 19326258 ER PT J AU Wagschal, K Heng, C Lee, CC Robertson, GH Orts, WJ Wong, DWS AF Wagschal, Kurt Heng, Chamroeun Lee, Charles C. Robertson, George H. Orts, William J. Wong, Dominic W. S. TI Purification and Characterization of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 43 beta-xylosidase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans IT-08 SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabinofuranosidase; Xylosidase; Glycoside hydrolase family 43; Hemicellulose degradation; Substrate inhibition ID ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; STEAROTHERMOPHILUS T-6; CATALYTIC RESIDUES; HYDROLYSIS; ENZYMES; BINDING; CLONING AB The gene encoding a glycoside hydrolase family 43 beta-xylosidase (GbtXyl43A) from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain IT-08 was synthesized and cloned with a C-terminal His-tag into a pET29b expression vector. The recombinant gene product termed GbtXyl43A was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters were obtained for the artificial substrates p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranose (4NPX) and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranose (4NPA), and it was found that the ratio k(cat)/K(m) 4NPA/k(cat)/K(m) 4NPX was similar to 7, indicting greater catalytic efficiency for 4NP hydrolysis from the arabinofuranose aglycon moiety. Substrate inhibition was observed for the substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl xylopyranoside (muX) and the arabinofuranoside cogener (muA), and the ratio k(cat)/K(m) muA/k(cat)/K(m) muX was similar to 5. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by monosaccharides, with an arabinose K(i) of 6.8 +/- 0.62 mM and xylose K(i) of 76 +/- 8.5 mM. The pH maxima was 5.0, and the enzyme was not thermally stable above 54 degrees C, with a t(1/2) of 35 min at 57.5 degrees C. GbtXyl43A showed a broad substrate specificity for hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharides up to the highest degree of polymerization tested (xylopentaose), and also released xylose from birch and beechwood arabinoxylan. C1 [Wagschal, Kurt; Heng, Chamroeun; Lee, Charles C.; Robertson, George H.; Orts, William J.; Wong, Dominic W. S.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wagschal, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kurt.wagschal@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1-3 BP 304 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8362-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474UM UT WOS:000268309700001 PM 18815904 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Wagschal, K Kibblewhite-Accinelli, RE Orts, WJ Robertson, GH Wong, DWS AF Lee, Charles C. Wagschal, Kurt Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E. Orts, William J. Robertson, George H. Wong, Dominic W. S. TI An alpha-Glucuronidase Enzyme Activity Assay Adaptable for Solid Phase Screening SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glucuronidase; Glucuronic acid; Hemicellulase; Activity assay ID BACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS T-6; FIBER CORCHORUS-CAPSULARIS; ASPERGILLUS-TUBINGENSIS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; ESTER LINKAGE; COUPLED ASSAY; CELL-WALL; DEGRADATION; XYLAN; GENE AB Glucuronic acid is a common chemical moiety that decorates the xylan polymer of hemicellulose. This chemical substituent impairs both enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis of xylosidic bonds. The alpha-glucuronidase enzyme hydrolyzes the 1,2-linked glucuronic acid from the terminal, non-reducing xylose of xylo-oligosaccharides. There are relatively few alpha-glucuronidase genes in the public databases. We have developed an assay with commercially available reagents that can be used to search DNA libraries for alpha-glucuronidase genes in a high-throughput, solid phase activity screen. C1 [Lee, Charles C.; Wagschal, Kurt; Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E.; Orts, William J.; Robertson, George H.; Wong, Dominic W. S.] USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM CLEE@pw.usda.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1-3 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8408-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474UM UT WOS:000268309700002 PM 19015820 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Braker, JD AF Jordan, Douglas B. Braker, Jay D. TI beta-D-Xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium: Thermodynamics of Enzyme-Catalyzed and Noncatalyzed Reactions SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fuel ethanol; Glycoside hydrolase; GH43; k(non); pH dependence; Temperature dependence; Activation energy ID HYDROLYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; HYDROLASES; SUGARS; NADH AB beta-D-Xylosidase/alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium is the most active enzyme known for catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharides to D-xylose. Temperature dependence for hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4NPX), 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (4NPA), and 1,4-beta-D-xylobiose (X2) was determined on and off (k(non)) the enzyme at pH 5.3, which lies in the pH-independent region for k(cat) and k(non). Rate enhancements (k(cat)/k(non)) for 4NPX, 4NPA, and X2 are 4.3 x 10(11), 2.4 x 10(9), and 3.7 x 10(12), respectively, at 25 degrees C and increase with decreasing temperature. Relative parameters k(cat)(4NPX)/k(cat)(4NPA), k(cat)(4NPX)/k(cat)(X2), and (k(cat)/K(m))(4NPX)/(k(cat)/K(m))(X2) increase and (k(cat)/K(m))(4NPX)/(k(cat)/K(m))(4NPA), (1/K(m))(4NPX)/(1/K(m))(4NPA), and (1/K(m))(4NPX)/(1/K(m))(X2) decrease with increasing temperature. C1 [Jordan, Douglas B.; Braker, Jay D.] Agr Res Serv, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1-3 BP 330 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8397-7 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474UM UT WOS:000268309700004 PM 18953511 ER PT J AU Blaschek, H Boateng, A AF Blaschek, Hans Boateng, Akwasi TI Introduction to Session 4: New Biofuels and Biomass Chemicals SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Blaschek, Hans] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Boateng, Akwasi] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Blaschek, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM blaschek@uiuc.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-3 BP 180 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s12010-009-8611-2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474UE UT WOS:000268308900001 PM 19319698 ER PT J AU Nghiem, NP Montanti, J Johnston, D AF Nghiem, Nhuan P. Montanti, Justin Johnston, David TI Production of Astaxanthin from Corn Fiber as a Value-Added Co-product of Fuel Ethanol Fermentation SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phaffia rhodozyma; Astaxanthin; Fuel ethanol co-products; Lignocellulosic biomass; Corn fiber ID PHAFFIA-RHODOZYMA; CARBON-SOURCE; HEMICELLULOSE; COPRODUCTS AB Five strains of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma, NRRL Y-17268, NRRL Y-17270, ATCC 96594 (CBS 6938), ATCC 24202 (UCD 67-210), and ATCC 74219 (UBV-AX2) were tested for astaxanthin production using the major sugars derived from corn fiber. The sugars tested included glucose, xylose, and arabinose. All five strains were able to utilize the three sugars for astaxanthin production. Among them, ATCC 74219 was the best astaxanthin producer. Kinetics of sugar utilization of this strain was studied, both with the individual sugars and with their mixtures. Arabinose was found to give the highest astaxanthin yield. It also was observed that glucose at high concentrations suppressed utilization of the other two sugars. Corn fiber hydrolysate obtained by dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment and subsequent enzyme hydrolysis was tested for astaxanthin production by strain ATCC 74219. Dilution of the hydrolysate was necessary to allow growth and astaxanthin production. All the sugars in the hydrolysate diluted with two volumes of water were completely consumed. Astaxanthin yield of 0.82 mg/g total sugars consumed was observed. C1 [Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Johnston, David] USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Montanti, Justin] Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Nghiem, NP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Nghiem@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-3 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8399-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474UE UT WOS:000268308900006 PM 18958409 ER PT J AU Doran-Peterson, J Hogsett, D Saha, BC Emptage, MH AF Doran-Peterson, Joy Hogsett, David Saha, Badal C. Emptage, Mark H. TI Sessions 2 and 7: Advances in Microbial Science and Technology SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Doran-Peterson, Joy] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hogsett, David] Mascoma Corp, Lebanon, NH USA. [Saha, Badal C.] NCAUR, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Emptage, Mark H.] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Doran-Peterson, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jpeterso@uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s12010-009-8609-9 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474TV UT WOS:000268308000003 PM 19319699 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Nghiem, NP Hicks, KB AF Kim, Tae Hyun Nghiem, Nhuan P. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Pretreatment and Fractionation of Corn Stover by Soaking In Ethanol and Aqueous Ammonia SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment; Soaking in ethanol and aqueous Ammonia; Hemicellulose preservation; Hemicellulose recovery; Ethanol precipitation ID FIBER; HEMICELLULOSES AB A new process for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, designated the soaking in ethanol and aqueous ammonia (SEAA) process, was developed to improve hemicellulose preservation in solid form. In the SEAA process, an aqueous ammonia solution containing ethanol is used. Corn stover was treated with 15 wt.% ammonia at 1: 9 solid-liquid ratio (by weight) at 60 degrees C for 24 h with ethanol added at 1, 5, 20, and 49 wt.% (balance was water). The extents by which xylan was solubilized with no ethanol and with ethanol added at 1, 5, 20, and 49 wt.% of the total liquid were 17.2%, 16.7%, 14.5%, 10.4%, and 6.3% of the original xylan, respectively. Thus, at the highest ethanol concentration used the loss of hemicellulose to the liquid phase was reduced by 63%. The digestibility of glucan and xylan in the pretreated corn stover samples by cellulase was not affected by ethanol addition of up to 20 wt.%. The enzymatic digestibility of the corn stover treated with 49 wt.% ethanol added was lower than the digestibility of the sample treated with no ethanol addition. Thus, based on these results, 20 wt.% was found to be the optimum ethanol concentration for use in the SEAA process for pretreatment of corn stover. C1 [Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Hicks, Kevin B.] Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Kim, Tae Hyun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Nghiem, NP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM thkim@iastate.edu; john.nghiem@ars.usda.gov; kevin.hicks@ars.usda.gov OI Kim, Tae Hyun/0000-0002-2225-1199 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s12010-009-8524-0 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474TV UT WOS:000268308000019 PM 19184545 ER PT J AU Byler, RK Pelletier, MG Baker, KD Hughs, SE Buser, MD Holt, GA Carroll, JA AF Byler, R. K. Pelletier, M. G. Baker, K. D. Hughs, S. E. Buser, M. D. Holt, G. A. Carroll, J. A. TI COTTON BALE MOISTURE METER COMPARISON AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Bale; Moisture content; Meter AB Seven commercially available pot-table cotton bale moisture content (mc) meter-probe combinations were purchased by each of the three Agricultural Research Service Cotton Ginning Research Units and examined for precision and accuracy when used with commercially ginned cotton. The devices were used to measure the mc at the same six locations oil a total of 96 cotton bales. Lint samples were obtained from the same locations in the bales for mc determination by the oven method resulting in more than 7000 meter readings with corresponding reference mc values. Based oil oven-mc, the lint samples had mc in the range 2.3% to 9.4% wet basis. The oven-mc wet basis for the different samples in the same bale had a standard error front 0.15% to 0.42% wet basis. The different meters produced significantly different readings from each other and these were significantly different from the oven-based mc. Most of the meters were found to have a significant offset front the oven-based mc ranging from -3.3 to 3.3 percentage points. However; the standard deviation of the difference between the individual readings of the meters and the oven-based mc resulted in estimates of precision of plus or minus one percentage point for most of the individual meters. C1 [Byler, R. K.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Pelletier, M. G.; Carroll, J. A.] Cotton Prod & Proc Res, Lubbock, TX USA. [Hughs, S. E.] Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Mesilla Pk, NM USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rick.byler@ars.usda.gov FU National Cotton Ginners Association; Southern Cotton Ginners Association; Southeastern Cotton Ginners Association; Texas Cotton Ginners' Association; California Cotton Growers and Ginners Association; New Mexico Cotton Ginners Association FX This work was aided and partially funded by the National Cotton Ginners Association, Southern Cotton Ginners Association, Southeastern Cotton Ginners Association, Texas Cotton Ginners' Association, California Cotton Growers and Ginners Association, and New Mexico Cotton Ginners Association. The authors also acknowledge the assistance provided by the cooperating gins in taking time during the busy ginning season to prepare and handle the bales used in the test and those instrumental in obtaining the bales. The authors would like to thank Debbie Boykin, Mid South Area Statistician, for assisting with analysis of these data. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 459VT UT WOS:000267140800001 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Schwab, EB Bergtold, JS Price, AJ Balkcom, KS Arriaga, FJ Kornecki, TS AF Raper, R. L. Schwab, E. B. Bergtold, J. S. Price, A. J. Balkcom, K. S. Arriaga, F. J. Kornecki, T. S. TI MAXIMIZING COTTON PRODUCTION AND RYE COVER CROP BIOMASS THROUGH TIMELY IN-ROW SUBSOILING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 17-20, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Tillage; In-row subsoiling; Soil compaction; Cover crops; Biomass ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS; COASTAL-PLAIN; SOIL; REQUIREMENTS; DISRUPTION; PLACEMENT; YIELDS AB Most tillage and fertilizer practices attempt to maximize cash crop yields and do not focus on increasing cover crop yields. This project was conducted to determine the optimum time to perform in-row subsoiling in order to maximize cash crop and cover crop production which is a common and necessary practice. Two implements (Paratill and a KMC Rip/Strip) were used to perform in-row subsoiling at 6-week intervals beginning in the late fall in a Coastal Plains soil. A rye cover crop was used to precede a cotton cash crop. Crop yields, soil strength, soil moisture, and infiltration were, measured to assess differences in productivity and soil condition. Large amounts of variation were found in both production of cover and cash crop potentially due to erratic rainfall. Results indicated that maximum yields occurred for the cash crop and the cover crop by performing in-row subsoiling late in the spring after the cover crop had been terminated. All in-row subsoiling treatments were found to be superior to no-tillage which exhibited reduced plant growth, infiltration, and increased soil compaction. C1 [Raper, R. L.; Schwab, E. B.; Price, A. J.; Balkcom, K. S.; Arriaga, F. J.; Kornecki, T. S.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Bergtold, J. S.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Randy.raper@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 321 EP 328 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 459VT UT WOS:000267140800002 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Stevens, WB Evans, RG Iversen, WM AF Jabro, J. D. Stevens, W. B. Evans, R. G. Iversen, W. M. TI TILLAGE EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN TWO SOILS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Bulk density; Infiltration; Hydraulic conductivity; Soil compaction ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; INFILTRATION; MACROPOROSITY; PERMEAMETER AB Tillage practices profoundly affect soil physical and hydraulic properties. It is essential to select a tillage practice that sustains the soil physical properties required for successful growth of agricultural crops. We evaluated the effects of conventional (CT) and strip (ST) tillage practices on bulk density (rho(b)), gravimetric water content (theta(w)), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) at the soil surface and at 10- to 15-cm depth in two soils of the Northern Great Plains (NGP). Soil cores were collected from each plot at 0- to 10- and 10- to 20-cm depths under each tillage practice at both sites to measure rho(b) and theta(w). In-situ K-s measurements at the soil surface and at 10- to 15-cm depth were determined using a pressure head infiltrometer (PHI) and a constant head well permeameter (CHWP), respectively, at two sites, one in North Dakota (Nesson, mapped as Lihen sandy loam) and one in Montana (EARC, mapped as Savage clay loam). The K-s measurements were made approximately I in apart in the center of crop rows within CT and ST plots of irrigated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Tillage treatments significantly affected soil rho(b) and theta(w) in clay loam soil at the EARC site, while rho(b) and theta(w) did not differ between CT and ST in sandy loam at the Nesson site. The log-transformed K-s at the soil surface did not differ significantly between CT and ST practices at either site. The effect of tillage oil log-transformed K-s at the 10- to 15-cm depth was significant in both sandy loam and clay loam soils at P < 0.10 and 0.05 levels, respectively. The K-s values at 10- to 15-cm depth were 23% and 138% greater for ST than for CT at Nesson and EARC sites, respectively. Differences in soil compaction as evaluated through rho(b) data at 10- to 20-cm depth explain K-s variations between the CT and ST systems at both sites. It was concluded that the CT operations increased soil compaction, which consequently altered rho(b), thereby reducing K-s in the soil. C1 [Jabro, J. D.; Stevens, W. B.; Evans, R. G.; Iversen, W. M.] USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Jay.Jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 459VT UT WOS:000267140800009 ER PT J AU Butts, CL Lamb, MC Sheppard, HT Kandala, CVK AF Butts, C. L. Lamb, M. C. Sheppard, H. T. Kandala, C. V. K. TI USING A CONVEYOR-MOUNTED SPOUT SAMPLER TO OBTAIN FARMERS STOCK GRADE SAMPLES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Grading; Peanuts; Quality control; Samplers; Sampling AB Accurate determination of the value of load of peanuts is contingent upon obtaining a representative sample. Devices have been approved to extract a representative sample from a static load and from peanuts as they flow through ail elevator downspout. A device that rotates a diverter through the flowing stream of peanuts to divert a small sample of peanuts for grading was mounted oil the discharge of a belt conveyor. Tests were conducted in which the slot width was varied from 32 to 95 mm and sampling interval ranged from 20 to 120 s. The total mass of peanuts collected in a sample was recorded. After filling the trailer, a sample was retrieved using the conventional pneumatic sampler Both grade samples were evaluated and quality parameters were compared. The percent foreign material and loose shelled kernels were lower in the spout samples (3.5% and 2.5%) compared to that observed in the pneumatic samples (4.2% and 3.3%). Foreign material also tended to decrease in the spout sample as the slot width increased. There were no significant differences in percent total sound mature kernels, other kernels, and hulls, thus making the peanut value the same regardless of sampling method. As expected, the amount of peanuts collected per swath increased as width of the slot increased, but was not affected by the sampling interval. Equations were developed to estimate the total sample size if the sampling interval, slot width, and total amount of peanuts passing through the sampler. C1 [Butts, C. L.; Lamb, M. C.; Sheppard, H. T.; Kandala, C. V. K.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Butts, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM chris.butts@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 459VT UT WOS:000267140800010 ER PT J AU Chianese, DS Rotz, CA Richard, TL AF Chianese, D. S. Rotz, C. A. Richard, T. L. TI WHOLE-FARM GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: A REVIEW WITH APPLICATION TO A PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY FARM SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 17-20, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Greenhouse gas; Dairy farm; Carbon dioxide; Methane; Nitrous oxide ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; HEXAFLUORIDE SF6 TRACER; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; METHANE EMISSIONS; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; C SEQUESTRATION; CATTLE SLURRY; MANURE STORES; N2O EMISSIONS AB Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere and their potential impact on global climate have become important concerns world-wide. Livestock production systems, such as dairy farms, provide both sinks and sources for GHGs. Typical emissions have been quantified in Europe and synthesized to estimate farm-level GHG emissions. However; fewer data are available in the United States, and little has been done to estimate emissions for our farms. Through an extensive literature review, average GHG flows were quantified for each major farm source and sink including the soil, growing crops, animals, and manure storage. These typical gas exchanges were then combined to estimate farm-level net emissions for a representative, 100-cow dairy farm in Pennsylvania. Emissions from animal facilities primarily consisted of animal respiration (532 Mg CO(2) yr(-1)) and enteric fermentation (16.9 Mg CH(4) yr(-1)) with a total annual emission of 971 A g CO(2) equivalent (CO(2)e) where each unit of CH(4) is equivalent to 25 units of CO(2) in global warming potential. Manure storage emissions included CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O for a total annual emission of 216 Mg CO(2)e with each unit of N(2)O equivalent to 298 units of CO(2). Cropland provided a net flux or sink of -784 to -168 Mg CO(2)e yr(-1) depending upon the amount of manure carbon sequestered in the soil. The estimated whole-farm net annual GHG emission ranged from 2.5 to 5.8 Mg CO(2)e per 500 kg livestock unit or 0.50 to 1.2 kg CO(2)e kg(-1) of milk produced. This review and farm analysis has helped direct modeling efforts by determining the important processes that drive emissions of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O in dairy production along with expected ranges for these emissions. Such data expand the knowledge base of researchers, farm planners, and policymakers as they work to develop and maintain sustainable farming systems in the United States. C1 [Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chianese, D. S.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 80 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 431 EP 442 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 459VT UT WOS:000267140800015 ER PT J AU McIntosh, AH Grasela, JJ AF McIntosh, Arthur H. Grasela, James J. TI Establishment of a monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus, Lepidoptera: Danaidae) cell line and its susceptibility to insect viruses SO APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Monarch butterfly; cell line; baculoviruses ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; VITRO HOST-RANGE; IN-VITRO; BACULOVIRUS ISOLATE; CELERY LOOPER; INFECTIVITY; REPLICATION; HELIOTHIS; GLYCOSYLATION; PLUTELLIDAE AB A cell line from the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus designated BCIRL-DP-AM/JG was established from adult ovaries. The cell line consisted mainly of round cells and took a prolonged period of time in the growth medium ExCell 401 containing 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics before it could be subcultured on a regular basis. The cell line had a population doubling time of 32 It and was susceptible to four baculoviruses (MNPV) but was refractile to a fifth baculovirus, a single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV). PxMNPV was the most infectious of the MNPV for BCIRL-DP-AM/JG cell line of D. plexippus producing a titer of 5.9 X 10(7) TCID50/ml. The non-occluded Hz-1 virus was also infectious for the D. plexippus cell line. The occlusion bodies produced by the BCIPL-DP-AM/JG cell line were infectious for 24 h old Trichoplusia ni larvae and gave LC50 values equivalent to or better than the LC50 for OB produced in the other susceptible cell lines by the MNPV under study. The identity of the monarch butterfly cell line was established by DAF-PCR. C1 [McIntosh, Arthur H.; Grasela, James J.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Grasela, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd,Res Pk, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM graselajj@missouri.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0003-6862 J9 APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL JI Appl. Entomol. Zoolog. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1303/aez.2009.331 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 478TB UT WOS:000268610100019 ER PT J AU O'Quin, JB Mullen, RT Dyer, JM AF O'Quin, Jami B. Mullen, Robert T. Dyer, John M. TI Addition of an N-terminal epitope tag significantly increases the activity of plant fatty acid desaturases expressed in yeast cells SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epitope tag; Fatty acid desaturase; Lipids; Omega-3 fatty acids; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LIPID COMPOUNDS; PROTEINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; STABILITY; ENZYMES; FAD2; P450 AB Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows great potential for development of bioreactor systems geared toward the production of high-value lipids such as polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, the yields of which are largely dependent on the activity of ectopically expressed enzymes. Here, we show that the addition of an N-terminal epitope tag sequence (either Myc or hemagglutinin) to oleate desaturase (FAD2) or omega-3 linoleate desaturase (FAD3) enzymes from plants, which catalyze consecutive reactions in the production of long chain omega-3 fatty acids, significantly increases their activity up to fourfold when expressed in yeast cells. Quantitative protein blotting using an antibody specific for native FAD2 revealed that the steady-state amount of the epitope-tagged FAD2 protein was also approximately fourfold higher than that of its untagged counterpart, demonstrating a direct relationship between the epitope tag-induced increase in enzyme amount and fatty acid product formation. Protein half-life and RNA blotting experiments indicated that the half-lives and mRNA content of the tagged and untagged FAD2 proteins were essentially the same, suggesting that the epitope tags increased protein abundance by improving translational efficiency. Taken together, these results indicate that the addition of an epitope tag sequence to a plant fatty acid desaturase (FAD) not only provides a useful means for protein immunodetection using highly specific, commercially available antibodies, but that it also significantly increases FAD activity and the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast cells. C1 [Dyer, John M.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [O'Quin, Jami B.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Mullen, Robert T.] Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM john.dyer@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture; Current Research Information System [6435-41000-083-00D]; Louisiana Board of Regents Governor's Biotechnology Initiative; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [217291] FX The authors wish to thank Dorselyn Chapital and Rae Kuan for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Current Research Information System project no. 6435-41000-083-00D to JMD, the Louisiana Board of Regents Governor's Biotechnology Initiative (to JBO'Q and JMD), and a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC grant no. 217291) to RTM. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1826-2 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 435ZL UT WOS:000265382300012 PM 19137289 ER PT J AU Kovalev, VA Wold, C Petkov, A Hao, WM AF Kovalev, Vladimir A. Wold, Cyle Petkov, Alexander Hao, Wei Min TI Alternative method for determining the constant offset in lidar signal SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION-COEFFICIENT PROFILE; PHOTOMULTIPLIERS; DISTORTIONS; INVERSION; OZONE AB We present an alternative method for determining the total offset in lidar signal created by a daytime background-illumination component and electrical or digital offset. Unlike existing techniques, here the signal square-range-correction procedure is initially performed using the total signal recorded by lidar, without subtraction of the offset component. While performing the square-range correction, the lidar, signal monotonic change due to the molecular component of the atmosphere is simultaneously compensated. After these corrections, the total offset is found by determining the slope of the above transformed signal versus a function that is defined as a ratio of the squared range and two molecular scattering components, the backscatter and transmittance. The slope is determined over a far end of the measurement range where aerosol loading is zero or, at least, minimum. An important aspect of this method is that the presence of a moderate aerosol loading over the far end does not increase dramatically the error in determining the lidar-signal offset. The comparison of the new technique with a conventional technique of the total-offset estimation is made using simulated and experimental data. The one-directional and multiangle measurements are analyzed and specifics in the estimate of the uncertainty limits due to remaining shifts in the inverted lidar signals are discussed. The use of the new technique allows a more accurate estimate of the signal constant offset, and accordingly, yields more accurate lidar-signal inversion results. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Kovalev, Vladimir A.; Wold, Cyle; Petkov, Alexander; Hao, Wei Min] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Kovalev, VA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM vkovalev@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 13 BP 2559 EP 2565 DI 10.1364/AO.48.002559 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 448JX UT WOS:000266260000020 PM 19412216 ER PT J AU Unger, IM Kennedy, AC Muzika, RM AF Unger, Irene M. Kennedy, Ann C. Muzika, Rose-Marie TI Flooding effects on soil microbial communities SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLFA; Microbial community structure; Flooding ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; UTILIZATION PATTERNS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; LIPID ANALYSIS; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; FOREST; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION AB Flooding affects both above- and below-ground ecosystem processes. While the below-ground changes may be less obvious, they are as important as the above-ground changes. Soil microorganisms are sensitive to disturbance, and shifts in soil microbial community structure are expected when anaerobic conditions develop from flooding. The primary objective of these studies was to determine the effect of flooding on soil microbial communities. Simulated floods were established under greenhouse and field conditions. Flood treatments of flowing, intermittent (greenhouse only) or stagnant conditions were compared to a control with no flooding. In addition, residue treatments (incorporation of grass, legume or tree residue) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Soil samples from these experiments were examined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and total N (TN), total organic carbon (TOC) and C:N ratio. Stagnant flood conditions in the greenhouse decreased microbial biomass and markers for aerobic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and mycorrhizal fungi. However, residue treatment, in general, did not affect microbial community structure. Effects of flood treatments in the field varied with depth and flood x depth interaction. The B:F ratio and microbial biomass decreased with stagnant flooding while other measures were not affected by flooding. Microbial biomass and microbial markers decreased with depth. We found some changes in the soil microbial community due to flooding; however, the 5-week time period of our study may not have been long enough to develop measureable changes. Further changes in the microbial community may occur as flood waters remain in a given area. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Unger, Irene M.; Muzika, Rose-Marie] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kennedy, Ann C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Unger, IM (reprint author), Westminster Coll, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, 501 Westminster Ave, Fulton, MO 65251 USA. EM Irene.Unger@westminster-mo.edu FU University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements [58-6227-1-004, 58-6227-2-008, 58-6227-5-029]; ARS Soil Microbial Ecology Laboratory at Washington State University, Pullman; Graduate School at the University of Missouri FX This work was funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements 58-6227-1-004, 58-6227-2-008 and 58-6227-5-029 with the ARS. Additional support was provided from the ARS Soil Microbial Ecology Laboratory at Washington State University, Pullman, WA. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Travel was supported through a Dissertation Research Travel Fellowship from the Graduate School at the University of Missouri. The authors thank Jeremy C. Hansen for his technical assistance and Robert Kremer and Tami L. Stubbs for their critical review of this work. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.01.007 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 435HW UT WOS:000265336000001 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ Acosta-Martinez, V Douds, DD Reeves, JB Vigil, MF AF Calderon, Francisco J. Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Douds, David D., Jr. Reeves, James B., III Vigil, Merle F. TI Mid-Infrared and Near-Infrared Spectral Properties of Mycorrhizal and Non-mycorrhizal Root Cultures SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR spectroscopy; Near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; Diffuse reflection; Mid-infrared spectroscopy; Principal component analysis; PCA; Fatty acids; Chitin; Fungi; Mycorrhizae ID METHYL-ESTER PROFILES; FATTY-ACIDS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; RAPID DETECTION; SOIL; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; BIOMASS AB We investigated the Fourier-transformed mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic properties of mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) carrot roots with the goal of finding infrared markers for colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The roots were cultured with or without the AM fungus Glomus intraradices under laboratory conditions. A total of 50 M and NM samples were produced after pooling subsamples. The roots were dried, ground, and scanned separately for the NIR and MIR analyses. The root samples were analyzed for fatty acid composition in order to confirm mycorrhizal infection and to determine the presence of fatty acid markers. Besides the roots, fatty acid standards, pure cultures of saprophytic fungi, and chitin were also scanned in order to identify spectral bands likely to be found in M samples. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to illustrate spectral differences between the M and NM root samples. The NIR analysis achieved good resolution with the raw spectral data and no pretreatment was needed to obtain good resolution in the PICA analysis of the NIR data. Standard normal variate and detrending pretreatment improved the resolution between M and NM in the MIR range. The PICA loadings and/or the spectral subtraction of selected samples showed that M roots are characterized by absorbances at or close to 400 cm(-1), 1100-1170 cm(-1), 1690 cm(-1), 2928 cm(-1), and 5032 cm(-1). The NM samples had characteristic absorbances at or near 1734 cm(-1), 3500 cm(-1), 4000 cm(-1), 4389 cm(-1), and 4730 cm(-1). Some of the bands that differentiate M from NM roots are prominent in the spectra of pure fungal cultures, chitin, and fatty acids. Our results show that mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal root tissues can be differentiated via MIR and NIR spectra with the advantage that the same samples can then be used for other analyses. C1 [Calderon, Francisco J.; Vigil, Merle F.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Douds, David D., Jr.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Reeves, James B., III] USDA ARS, Environm Management & ByProd Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Co Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM francisco.calderon@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 63 IS 5 BP 494 EP 500 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 445LN UT WOS:000266052400002 PM 19470204 ER PT J AU Dray, FA Hale, RE Madeira, PT Bennett, BC Center, TD AF Dray, F. Allen, Jr. Hale, Rebecca E. Madeira, Paul T. Bennett, Bradley C. Center, Ted D. TI Concordance between life history traits, invasion history, and allozyme diversity of the Everglades invader Melaleuca quinquenervia SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Allozyme; Biological control; Cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis; Genetic diversity; Invasive species; Life history trait; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Myrtaceae ID PLANT-POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FLORIDA; DISTANCE; TREES AB During the century following its initial introduction in 1886, the Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) dispersed from a few introduction points to occupy over 200,000 ha, primarily in historic Everglades wetlands of southern Florida. Cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis (CAGE) was used to investigate the allozyme diversity and population genetic structure of 208 individuals in a dozen populations resulting from this invasion. The analyses showed that these populations have a high (82%) rate of polymorphic loci and an average of 2 alleles/locus. There was substantial heterozygosity (mean H(e) = 0.356), which concords well with recent studies reporting a greater number of introduction events and sources than generally recognized. The introduction history and distributional patterns within Florida have led to geographic structuring (G(ST) = 0.419) in which the Gulf Coast metapopulation has a greater effective number of alleles and greater heterozygosity than the Atlantic Coast metapopulation. The gene diversity in M. quinquenervia was comparable to other tropical woody species. Its strong population divergence was reminiscent of pioneer species and consistent with its status as a plant invader in Florida. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dray, F. Allen, Jr.; Madeira, Paul T.; Center, Ted D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Hale, Rebecca E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Bennett, Bradley C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Bennett, Bradley C.] Florida Int Univ, Ctr Ethnobiol & Nat Prod, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Dray, FA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM allen.dray@ars.usda.gov OI Bennett, Bradley/0000-0001-7358-536X NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.11.006 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432BO UT WOS:000265108700004 ER PT J AU Vance-Borland, K Burnett, K Clarke, S AF Vance-Borland, Ken Burnett, Kelly Clarke, Sharon TI Influence of mapping resolution on assessments of stream and streamside conditions: lessons from coastal Oregon, USA SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE freshwater conservation; stream analysis; streamside conditions; fish distribution; spatial extent; spatial position; spatial resolution; cartographic scale ID HEADWATER STREAMS; WESTERN OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANNEL NETWORKS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SALMON-HABITAT; WATER-QUALITY; CONSERVATION; FISH; MANAGEMENT AB 1. Digital hydrographic data are commonly employed in research. planning. and monitoring for freshwater conservation, but hydrographic datasets differ in spatial resolution and accuracy of spatial representation., possibly leading to inaccurate conclusions or unsuitable policies for streams and streamside areas, 2. To examine and illustrate the potential for different hydrographic datasets to influence in-channel and streamside characterizations, a Study area in the US Pacific Northwest was chosen because 1:100000, 1:24000, and densified 1:24000 hydrography are available and widely used in research and management for several species of Pacific salmon and trout at risk. The potential was examined for differences among the digital hydrographic datasets in: (1) spatial extent to influence estimated abundances of fish habitat. streamside buffer conditions, and fish distributions: and (2) spatial position to influence estimated streamside buffer conditions and estimated stream gradient. 3. The analysis of spatial extent found the total stream length represented by the 1:100000 hydrography was approximately one half that of 1:24000 hydrography and only one fifth that of densified 1:24 000 hydrography. The I : 100 000 and 1:24 000 networks differed significantly for 13 out of 18 fish habitat attributes, and the three hydrographic datasets differed significantly for many characteristics in streamside buffers: fish distributions mapped at 1:24 000 added 6-14% of stream length to 1:100 000 distributions. The analysis of spatial position found few differences between the 1: 100 000 and 1:24 000 hydrography in streamside buffer characteristics but significant differences in channel gradient. 4. Overall. hydrographic datasets differed only slightly in spatial position but differed in spatial extent to the point of representing different populations of streams. If species inhabiting larger streams (greater mean annual discharge) are of interest, then results derived from studies based on 1:100000 hydrography should prove useful. However. higher-resolution hydrography can be critical when designing and implementing strategies to protect fish and other aquatic species at risk in smaller streams. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Vance-Borland, Ken; Burnett, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vance-Borland, Ken] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clarke, Sharon] Roaring Fork Conservancy, Basalt, CO 81621 USA. RP Vance-Borland, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ken.vance-borland@oregonstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service FX Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service. Shaun McKinney assisted with developing Study objectives. Manuela Huso provided statistical assistance. Kelly Christiansen created the figures. We thank Philip Kaufmann, Jeanne Nel, and Philip Boon for thoughtful comments oil an earlier draft that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 252 EP 263 DI 10.1002/aqc.967 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 451CK UT WOS:000266448100002 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JF Feltz, KP Allert, AL Sappington, LC Nelson, KJ Valle, JA AF Fairchild, J. F. Feltz, K. P. Allert, A. L. Sappington, L. C. Nelson, K. J. Valle, J. A. TI An Ecological Risk Assessment of the Exposure and Effects of 2,4-D Acid to Rainbow Trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; BULL TROUT; HERBICIDES; RANGELAND; TOXICITY AB Numerous state and federal agencies are increasingly concerned with the rapid expansion of invasive, noxious weeds across the United States. Herbicides are frequently applied as weed control measures in forest and rangeland ecosystems that frequently overlap with critical habitats of threatened and endangered fish species. However, there is little published chronic toxicity data for herbicides and fish that can be used to assess ecological risk of herbicides in aquatic environments. We conducted 96-h flowthrough acute and 30-day chronic toxicity studies with swim-up larvae and juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) exposed to the free acid form of 2,4-D. Juvenile rainbow trout were acutely sensitive to 2,4-D acid equivalent at 494 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 334-668 mg/L; 96-h ALC(50)). Accelerated life-testing procedures, used to estimate chronic mortality from acute data, predicted that a 30-day exposure of juvenile rainbow trout to 2,4-D would result in 1% and 10% mortality at 260 and 343 mg/L, respectively. Swim-up larvae were chronically more sensitive than juveniles using growth as the measurement end point. The 30-day lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) of 2,4-D on growth of swim-up larvae was 108 mg/L, whereas the 30-day no observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 54 mg/L. The 30-day maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) of 2,4-D for rainbow trout, determined as the geometric mean of the NOEC and the LOEC, was 76 mg/L. The acute:chronic ratio was 6.5 (i.e., 494/76). We observed no chronic effects on growth of juvenile rainbow trout at the highest concentration tested (108 mg/L). Worst-case aquatic exposures to 2,4-D (4 mg/L) occur when the herbicide is directly applied to aquatic ecosystems for aquatic weed control and resulted in a 30-day safety factor of 19 based on the MATC for growth (i.e., 76/4). Highest nontarget aquatic exposures to 2,4-D applied following terrestrial use is calculated at 0.136 mg/L and resulted in a 30-day safety factor of 559 (e.g., 76/0.163). Assessment of the exposure and response data presented herein indicates that use of 2,4-D acid for invasive weed control in aquatic and terrestrial habitats poses no substantial risk to growth or survival of rainbow trout or other salmonids, including the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). C1 [Fairchild, J. F.; Feltz, K. P.; Allert, A. L.; Sappington, L. C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Nelson, K. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Valle, J. A.] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jfairchild@usgs.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service's Division of Environmental Quality Off-Refuge Contaminant Investigation Program [6018-1-3-N5]; US Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program [03-IA-1015600-040]; US Geological Survey FX We thank Lynne, Johnson Steve Olson, and Deanna Stoppler for their technical assistance on the project. We thank Nurfarm Americas Inc. for the donation of 2,4-D for this study. Duane Chapman and Barry Poulton provided reviews of the paper under the USGS Fundamental Science Practices Policy. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This study was jointly funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Division of Environmental Quality Off-Refuge Contaminant Investigation Program (Agreement 6018-1-3-N5), the US Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (Agreement 03-IA-1015600-040), and the US Geological Survey. No private funding was requested or received in the conduct of these studies. Any mention of trade names does not constitute government endorsement. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 754 EP 760 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9281-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 430MT UT WOS:000264993900014 PM 19165410 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JF Feltz, KP Sappington, LC Allert, AL Nelson, KJ Valle, J AF Fairchild, J. F. Feltz, K. P. Sappington, L. C. Allert, A. L. Nelson, K. J. Valle, J. TI An Ecological Risk Assessment of the Acute and Chronic Toxicity of the Herbicide Picloram to the Threatened Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the Rainbow Trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RANGELAND; CHEMICALS; MOVEMENT; 2,4-D AB We conducted acute and chronic toxicity studies of the effects of picloram acid on the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the standard coldwater surrogate rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile fish were chronically exposed for 30 days in a proportional flow-through diluter to measured concentrations of 0, 0.30, 0.60, 1.18, 2.37, and 4.75 mg/L picloram. No mortality of either species was observed at the highest concentration. Bull trout were twofold more sensitive to picloram (30-day maximum acceptable toxic concentration of 0.80 mg/L) compared to rainbow trout (30-day maximum acceptable toxic concentration of 1.67 mg/L) based on the endpoint of growth. Picloram was acutely toxic to rainbow trout at 36 mg/L (96-h ALC50). The acute:chronic ratio for rainbow trout exposed to picloram was 22. The chronic toxicity of picloram was compared to modeled and measured environmental exposure concentrations (EECs) using a four-tiered system. The Tier 1, worst-case exposure estimate, based on a direct application of the current maximum use rate (1.1 kg/ha picloram) to a standardized aquatic ecosystem (water body of 1-ha area and 1-m depth), resulted in an EEC of 0.73 mg/L picloram and chronic risk quotients of 0.91 and 0.44 for bull trout and rainbow trout, respectively. Higher-tiered exposure estimates reduced chronic risk quotients 10-fold. Results of this study indicate that picloram, if properly applied according to the manufacturer's label, poses little risk to the threatened bull trout or rainbow trout in northwestern rangeland environments on either an acute or a chronic basis. C1 [Fairchild, J. F.; Feltz, K. P.; Sappington, L. C.; Allert, A. L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Nelson, K. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Valle, J.] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jfairchild@usgs.gov FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Division of Environmental Quality Off-Refuge Contaminant Investigation Program [6018-1-3-N5]; U. S. Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program [03-IA-11015600-040]; U. S. Geological Survey FX We thank Lynne Johnson (ASCI Corporation), Steve Olson (USGS), and Deanna Stoppler (University of Missouri) for their technical assistance in the project. Mark Maskill of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Creston National Fish Hatchery, Kalispell, Montana, donated bull trout for testing. Dow Agrosciences LLC donated test chemicals. Ning Wang and John Besser provided reviews of the paper under the USGS Fundamental Science Practices Policy. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was jointly funded by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Division of Environmental Quality Off-Refuge Contaminant Investigation Program (Agreement 6018-1-3-N5), the U. S. Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (Agreement 03-IA-11015600-040), and the U. S. Geological Survey. No private funding was requested or received in the conduct of these studies. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 761 EP 769 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9227-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 430MT UT WOS:000264993900015 PM 18784952 ER PT J AU Veetil, TT Hobbs, HA Domier, LL AF Veetil, T. Thekke Hobbs, H. A. Domier, L. L. TI Sequence diversity of readthrough proteins of Soybean dwarf virus isolates from the Midwestern United States SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED-LEAF VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; VECTOR SPECIFICITY; CLOVER; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSION; SOFTWARE; ILLINOIS; STRAINS AB The amino acid sequence diversity of readthrough proteins (RTPs) of 24 dwarfing isolates of Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) from Wisconsin and Illinois was analyzed. The RTP, a minor component of viral capsids, has a significant role in specificity of aphid transmission of luteovirids. Among the isolates, nucleotide sequence identities ranged from 95 to 100%. The predicted amino acid sequences differed at 56 amino acid positions in the 54 kDa RTD compared to only five positions in the 22 kDa CP. Phylogenetic analysis of both amino acid and nucleotide sequences showed three distinct clusters of SbDV isolates. C1 [Domier, L. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Veetil, T. Thekke] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ldomier@illinois.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; North Central Soybean Research Program FX We thank A. Phibbs, and A. Barta for providing SbDV-infected Wisconsin soybean samples. This study was supported by funding from United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and the North Central Soybean Research Program. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 154 IS 5 BP 861 EP 866 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0370-4 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 443MW UT WOS:000265915300015 ER PT J AU Larsen, RC Wyatt, SD Druffel, KL AF Larsen, Richard C. Wyatt, Stephen D. Druffel, Keri L. TI The complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of red clover vein mosaic virus (genus Carlavirus) SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS; COLEUS; BLOCK C1 [Larsen, Richard C.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Wyatt, Stephen D.] Washington State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66503 USA. [Druffel, Keri L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Larsen, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM richard.larsen@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 154 IS 5 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0365-1 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 443MW UT WOS:000265915300020 PM 19343475 ER PT J AU Azzi, A AF Azzi, Angelo TI Dual use of biological research and the role of the scientific unions SO ARCHIVUM IMMUNOLOGIAE ET THERAPIAE EXPERIMENTALIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Off 622, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Off 622, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0004-069X J9 ARCH IMMUNOL THER EX JI Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 153 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s00005-009-0028-7 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 473EV UT WOS:000268189700001 PM 19495940 ER PT J AU Wang, S Wu, DY Matthan, NR Lamon-Fava, S Lecker, JL Lichtenstein, AH AF Wang, Shu Wu, Dayong Matthan, Nirupa R. Lamon-Fava, Stefania Lecker, Jaime L. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Reduction in dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ratio minimizes atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammatory response in the LDL receptor null mouse SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE omega-6:EPA + DHA ratio; omega-3 Fatty acids; Atherosclerosis; Inflammation; Macrophage cholesterol accumulation; LDLr-/ mouse; Diet; Elicited peritoneal M phi ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; CASSETTE TRANSPORTER A1; AGE-ASSOCIATED INCREASE; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; FISH-OIL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MICE; CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; SCAVENGER RECEPTORS AB Dietary very long chain omega (omega)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been associated with reduced CVD risk, the mechanisms of which have yet to be fully elucidated. LDL receptor null mice (LDLr-/-)were used to assess the effect of different ratios of dietary omega-6 PUFA to eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (omega-6:EPA+DHA)on atherogenesis and inflammatory response. Mice were fed high saturated fat diets without EPA and DHA (HSF omega-6), or with omega-6: EPA+DHA at ratios of 20:1 (HSF R=20:1), 4:1 (HSF R=4:1), and 1:1 (HSF R=1:1) for 32 weeks. Mice fed the lowest omega-6:EPA+DHA ratio diet had lower circulating concentrations of non-HDL cholesterol (25%, P<0.05) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (44%, P<0.05) compared to mice fed the HSF omega-6 diet. Aortic and elicited peritoneal macrophage (M phi) total cholesterol were 24%(P=0.07)and 25%(P<0.05)lower, respectively, in HSFR=1:1 compared to HSF omega-6 fed mice. MCP-1 mRNA levels and secretion were 37% (P<0.05) and 38% (P<0.05) lower, respectively, in elicited peritoneal M phi isolated from HSF R=1:1 compared to HSF omega-6 fed mice. mRNA and protein levels of ATP-binding cassette A1, and mRNA levels of TNF alpha were significantly lower in elicited peritoneal M phi isolated from HSF R = 1: 1 fed mice, whereas there was no significant effect of diets with different omega-6:EPA + DHA ratios on CD36, M phi scavenger receptor, 1, scavenger receptor B1 and IL-6 mRNA or protein levels. These data suggest that lower omega-6: EPA + DHA ratio diets lowered some measures of inflammation and M phi cholesterol accumulation, which was associated with less aortic lesion formation in LDLr-/- mice. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Shu; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Lecker, Jaime L.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lamon-Fava, Stefania] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Alice.Lichtenstein@Tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL054727-06, R01 HL054727-04, R01 HL054727-05, R01 HL 54727, R01 HL054727, R01 HL054727-03, R01 HL054727-07, T32 HL069772, T32 HL069772-01A1, T32 HL69772-01A1] NR 62 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 204 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.024 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 454GJ UT WOS:000266670100025 PM 18842266 ER PT J AU Qin, RJ Gao, SD Wang, D Hanson, BD Trout, TJ Ajwa, H AF Qin, Ruijun Gao, Suduan Wang, Dong Hanson, Bradley D. Trout, Thomas J. Ajwa, Husein TI Relative effect of soil moisture on emissions and distribution of 1,3-dichloro-propene and chloropicrin in soil columns SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE 1,3-Dichloropropene; Chloropicrin; Soil moisture; Fumigant emission; Fumigant concentration ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; FLORIDA SANDY SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; FUMIGANT EMISSIONS; DRIP IRRIGATION; PLASTIC FILM; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; FIELD; SIMULATIONS; SHANK AB Emissions of soil fumigants are regulated to protect air quality in California. Irrigation prior to fumigation can reduce fumigant emissions at relatively low costs; however, the optimum range of soil water content that reduces emissions without reducing efficacy is not clearly defined. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil water content [at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 100% field capacity (FC)] on the emission and distribution of fumigants 13-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) in columns packed with a sandy loam soil. After injecting equal amounts of cis-1,3-D, trans-1,3-D, and CP, fumigant emissions and distribution in soil were monitored for 14 days. Emissions of all three Compounds showed similar response to soil water content except that CP emissions were lower than both isomers of 1,3-D. The emission peak flux was highest and occurred earliest in the driest soil while it was reduced and delayed as soil water content increased. After the peak, emission flux decreased rapidly in the driest soil but more slowly in higher water content treatments. Initially, higher soil water content resulted in substantially lower Cumulative emissions among the treatments, but as time progressed, the differences in cumulative emissions decreased or even disappeared. These trends were likely due to the effect of the closed-bottom short soil columns which allowed fumigants to only move upward and contribute to emission. Higher fumigant concentrations in the soil-gas phase were observed in high soil water content treatments, due to less emission loss and more fumigant retained in the soil. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Ruijun; Gao, Suduan; Wang, Dong; Hanson, Bradley D.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Qin, Ruijun; Ajwa, Husein] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, St Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Qin, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ruijun.qin@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011; OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 FU California Dept. of Food and Agriculture and California Strawberry Commission FX Funding for this research was provided by the California Dept. of Food and Agriculture and California Strawberry Commission. Technical assistance was received from Robert Shenk, Aileen Hendratna, Allie Kenyon, Tom Pflaum, and Curtis Koga of the Water Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 2449 EP 2455 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.039 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 444YK UT WOS:000266016600008 ER PT J AU Kluever, BM Howery, LD Breck, SW Bergman, DL AF Kluever, Bryan M. Howery, Larry D. Breck, Stewart W. Bergman, David L. TI Predator and heterospecific stimuli alter behaviour in cattle SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Foraging behaviour; Mule deer; Giving up density; Mountain lion; Vigilance; Wolf ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; VIGILANCE BEHAVIOR; MULE DEER; PATCH USE; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FOX SQUIRRELS; RISK; ELK; HABITAT AB Wild and domestic ungulates modify their behaviour in the presence of olfactory and visual Cues of predators but investigations have not exposed a domestic species to a series Of Cues representing various predators and other ungulate herbivores. We used wolf (Canis lupus), mountain lion (Puma concolor), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) stimuli (olfactory and Visual), and a control (no stimuli) to experimentally test for differences in behaviour of cattle (Bos taurus) raised in Arizona. We measured ( I) vigilance, (2) foraging rates, (3) giving up density (GUD) of high quality foods and (4) time spent in high quality forage locations in response to location of stimuli treatments. In general, we found a consistent pattern in that wolf and deer treatments caused disparate results in all 4 response Variables. Wolf Stimuli significantly increased cattle vigilance and decreased cattle foraging rates; conversely, deer stimuli Significantly increased cattle foraging rate and increased cattle use of high quality forage areas containing Stimuli. Mountain lion Stimuli did not significantly impact any of the 4 response variables. Our findings suggest that domestic herbivores react to predatory Stimuli, can differentiate between Stimuli representing two predatory species, and suggest that cattle may reduce antipredatory behaviour when near heterospecifics. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kluever, Bryan M.; Howery, Larry D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] USDA WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bergman, David L.] USDA WS Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. RP Kluever, BM (reprint author), Nat Resource Consultants, Hayden Wing Associates, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. EM bmkluever@yahoo.com RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD MAY PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2009.02.004 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 441LI UT WOS:000265770200013 PM 19429201 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ AF Schneider, Marilyn J. TI Methods for the analysis of fluoroquinolones in biological fluids SO BIOANALYSIS LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE; INJECTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; TERBIUM SENSITIZED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; ADSORPTIVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; TRANSFER COMPLEX-FORMATION AB Methods for the analysis of ten selected fluoroquinolone antibiotics in biological fluids are reviewed. Approaches for sample preparation, detection methods, limits of detection and quantitation, and recovery information are provided for both single analyte and multi-analyte fluoroquinolone methods. C1 USDA ARS ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marilyn.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 155 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1757-6180 J9 BIOANALYSIS JI Bioanalysis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 BP 415 EP 435 DI 10.4155/BIO.09.37 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 671PX UT WOS:000283521200020 PM 21083175 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Center, TD Tipping, PW Wheeler, GS AF Pratt, P. D. Rayamajhi, M. B. Center, T. D. Tipping, P. W. Wheeler, G. S. TI The ecological host range of an intentionally introduced herbivore: A comparison of predicted versus actual host use SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Weed biological control; Non-target effects; Specialist herbivore; Invasive species ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; TREE MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; LOOSESTRIFE LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; SOUTH FLORIDA; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; BIOCONTROL AGENT; POTENTIAL RISKS; PAPERBARK TREE; CURCULIONIDAE AB An underlying assumption of weed biological control asserts that laboratory-based host specificity testing accurately predicts the realized host range of herbivorous arthropods. We tested this assumption by comparing predicted host specificity with the realized host range of the introduced weevil Oxyops vitiosa (Pascoe). Laboratory host specificity tests showed that the weevil can complete its development on only a small group of species in the Melaleuca genus, including the target host Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake. Three years after its release, adult weevils readily emigrated from the surrounding M. quinquenervia trees into replicated common gardens but only a small proportion occurred within the canopies of non-Melaleuca species. Adults remained within the canopies of Melaleuca congeners longer than non-Melaleuca and the former recruited 98% of all individuals dispersing from neighboring test plant species. Oviposition was predicted to occur on seven of the 19 species planted in the common gardens but was realized on only four exotic species. Consistent with the prerelease assessments, larvae were observed on four plant species but larval development was limited to Melaleuca congeners. These results lend support to the premise that risk assessments based on physiological host ranges, as characterized by laboratory testing, are conservative when compared to the realized ecological host ranges that occur under field conditions. We conclude that the ecological host range of O. vitiosa is highly restricted and there will be no colonization of species other than the target weed in the adventive range. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pratt, P. D.; Rayamajhi, M. B.; Center, T. D.; Tipping, P. W.; Wheeler, G. S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Paul.Pratt@ars.usda.gov FU South Florida Water Management District; Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Invasive Plant Management; USDA Areawide Melaleuca Demonstration Program FX We thank Ray Carruthers, David Kazmer, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We also thank Melissa Martin, Scott Wiggers, Robin Johnson, Eileen Pokorny, Kirk Tonkel, Andrea Kral, Carl Belnavis, Tafana Fiore, and Stacey Grassano for assistance with data collection and site maintenance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This research was supported, in part, by grants from the South Florida Water Management District, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Invasive Plant Management, and the USDA Areawide Melaleuca Demonstration Program. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.014 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 429OE UT WOS:000264929200008 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Moran, P AF Goolsby, John A. Moran, Patrick TI Host range of Tetramesa romana Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a potential biological control of giant reed, Arundo donax L. in North America SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control of weeds; Host range behavior; Invasive grasses; Rio Grande Basin ID PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; INVASION; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; HABITATS; WHEAT; WATER; RIVER AB The eurytomid wasp, Tetramesa romana Walker was evaluated as a potential biological control agent of the invasive reed grass, Arundo donax in North America. No-choice tests and timed behavioral studies were used to determine the fundamental host range of two genotypes of the wasp collected from Granada, Spain and Perpignan, France. Thirty-five species, including two genotypes of A. donax and seven ecotypes of Phragmites australis, along with closely related grasses, economic grasses and habitat associates were tested. Complete development of both T. romana genotypes was restricted to A. donax and Arundo formosana. The mean number of offspring produced from individual females was significantly greater on the A. donax genotype from Laredo, TX (12.8 +/- 3.2) as compared to the genotype from San Juan, TX (3.9 +/- 1.0) and A. formosana (0.8 +/- 0.4). In behavioral studies, ovipositor probing was observed on 15 of the 35 species but development only occurred on A. donax and A. formosana. Based on our results, the wasp T. romana appears to be specific to the genus Arundo and is unlikely to harm native or cultivated plants in the Americas. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Goolsby, John A.; Moran, Patrick] USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM john.goolsby@ars.usda.gov FU Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate; Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council FX The authors thank Alan Kirk (USDA-ARS) of the European Biological Control Laboratory for collection of the Tetramesa romana populations and valuable information about its field biology and potential as a biological control agent. We thank Ann Vacek, Crystal Salinas, Sarah Snavely, Bill Warfield, Reyes Garcia, Ila Billman, Joana Cordoba, Lucero Pantoja, Sandra Espinoza, Matthew Rector (USDA-ARS, Weslaco,TX), Frank Acosta, Marilyn Casas, Veronica Hernandez, Joe Renteria, and Albino Chavarria (USDA-APHIS, Mission, TX) for technical support. We thank Tom Dudley and Adam Lambert (Univ. of California, Santa Barbara) for providing the California ecotypes of P. australis. Additional funds for research support were provided by the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate and the Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council. We wish to thank L. Smith (ARS-Albany, CA) and A. Kirk (ARS, Montpellier, France) for their helpful reviews of the paper. NR 63 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.019 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 429OE UT WOS:000264929200010 ER PT J AU Moran, PJ Goolsby, JA AF Moran, Patrick J. Goolsby, John A. TI Biology of the galling wasp Tetramesa romana, a biological control agent of giant reed SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Galling wasp; Eurytomidae; Development; Reproduction; Oviposition behavior; Exotic invasive grass ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; ARUNDO-DONAX-L.; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; HYMENOPTERA-EURYTOMIDAE; NORTH-AMERICA; RYE JOINTWORM; TAMARIX SPP.; GROWTH; PLANT; POACEAE AB The biology of the gall-forming wasp Tetramesa romana Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) from southern France and Spain was studied to determine its suitability as a biological control agent of giant reed (Arundo donax L), an exotic and invasive riparian weed in the US and Mexico. Females produce eggs parthenogenetically and deposited them into shoot tips. Eggs were 1.26 mm long and hatched within 5 days of oviposition. The larvae completed three instars within 23-27 days, with the first and second instars lasting 5 days each at 27 degrees C and the third instar lasting 12 days. Larvae increased in length from 0.9 mm to 4.1 mm between the first and last instars. The total generation time averaged 33 days. Adults were 6.8 mm long with antennae and lived 3.7 days. Spanish wasps lived 1.3 days longer than French wasps. Most (80%) parthenogenetic reproduction involved wasps that were less than 5 days old. A total of 36% of French wasps tested and 65% of Spanish wasps produced offspring. Individual Spanish wasps produced an average of 26 (up to 66) progeny, displaying an intrinsic capacity for increase of 0.081 and a population doubling time of 9.2 days. Over 90% of exit holes made by emerging wasps were located within two nodes of the shoot tip. Reproductive wasps made 2.5-fold more probes than did wasps that failed to gall stems, and probing behavior was 13% more prevalent in the afternoon than in the morning. The Spanish genotypes of T. romana are particularly suitable for mass production to support field releases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moran, Patrick J.; Goolsby, John A.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Moran, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Patrick.Moran@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate; Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council FX We thank Alan and Gerhild Kirk for conducting surveys it. over 15 countries for T romana and for collection of the wasp from France and Spain, We thank Crystal Salinas, Ann Vacek and Sandra Espinoza for technical assistance, and Joe Balciunas, Michael Gates, and two anonymous reviewers for critical reviews. This work was supported in part by a grant from the US Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, and by the Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council. NR 88 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.017 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 429OE UT WOS:000264929200011 ER PT J AU Schierenbeck, KA Ellstrand, NC AF Schierenbeck, Kristina A. Ellstrand, Norman C. TI Hybridization and the evolution of invasiveness in plants and other organisms SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article CT Annual Meeting of the American-Botanical-Society CY 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Botan Soc DE Evolution; Gene flow; Hybridization; Invasive plants; Weeds ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC-VARIATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; HYBRID ORIGIN; UNITED-STATES AB Less than a decade ago, we proposed that hybridization could serve as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in plants (Ellstrand and Schierenbeck Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 97:7043-7050, 2000). A substantial amount of research has taken place on that topic since the publication of that paper, stimulating the symposium that makes up this special issue. Here we present an update of this emergent field, based both on the papers in this volume and on the relevant literature. We reevaluate the lists that we presented in our earlier paper of reports in which hybridization has preceded the evolution of invasiveness. We discard a few cases that were found to be in error, published only as abstracts, or based on personal communication. Then we augment the list from examples in this volume and a supplementary literature search. Despite the omissions, the total number of cases has increased. Many have been strengthened. We add a list of cases in which there has been evidence that intra-taxon hybridization has preceded the evolution of invasiveness. We also provide a number of examples from organisms other than plants. We consider how our examples suggest mechanisms whereby hybridization may act to stimulate the evolution of invasiveness. Hybridization does not represent the only evolutionary pathway to invasiveness, but it is one that can explain why the appearance of invasiveness often involves a long lag time and/or multiple introductions of exotics. C1 [Schierenbeck, Kristina A.] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Biol, Chico, CA 93740 USA. [Ellstrand, Norman C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ellstrand, Norman C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Schierenbeck, KA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM kschierenbeck@csuchico.edu; ellstrand@ucr.edu NR 84 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 8 U2 92 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAY PY 2009 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1105 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9388-x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431SP UT WOS:000265084200003 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF Kazmer, DJ AF Gaskin, John F. Kazmer, David J. TI Introgression between invasive saltcedars (Tamarix chinensis and T-ramosissima) in the USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article CT Annual Meeting of the American-Botanical-Society CY 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Botan Soc DE AFLP; Introgression; Hybridization; Invasion; Saltcedar; Tamarix ID UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CHONDRILLA-JUNCEA; AFLP MARKERS; HYBRIDIZATION; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; ENVIRONMENTS; ACCESSIONS; ASTERACEAE AB Saltcedars (Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis) are native to Asia, but since introduction into the USA have become common and invasive in many western riparian habitats. Recent molecular analysis of a single locus nuclear DNA sequence marker has shown that in their native range the two species are genetically distinct, but within the USA populations many of the plants (23%) are novel hybrids. Here, we used multilocus DNA markers (amplified fragment length polymorphisms) to determine the levels of introgression in USA plants. Species-specific diagnostic markers, principal coordinates analysis, and a Bayesian model-based clustering analysis all indicate a much higher incidence of hybridization (83-87%) than was revealed by the single locus marker, with USA plants forming a genetic continuum between the two parental types. Additionally, the level of introgression toward Tamarix ramosissima or T. chinensis was strongly correlated with latitude. Concordance of level of introgression was highest between principal coordinates analysis and the Bayesian analysis. The high percentage of novel hybrids may have implications for classical biological control efforts. C1 [Gaskin, John F.; Kazmer, David J.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jgaskin@sidney.ars.usda.gov OI Gaskin, John/0000-0001-7338-3880 NR 59 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAY PY 2009 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1121 EP 1130 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9384-1 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431SP UT WOS:000265084200005 ER PT J AU Ayres, D Ryan, FJ Grotkopp, E Bailey, J Gaskin, J AF Ayres, Debra Ryan, Frederick J. Grotkopp, Eva Bailey, John Gaskin, John TI Tumbleweed (Salsola, section Kali) species and speciation in California SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article CT Annual Meeting of the American-Botanical-Society CY 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Botan Soc DE Allopolyploid speciation; Invasive hybrids; Salsola tragus ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; RUSSIAN-THISTLE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NORTH-AMERICA; DNA-CONTENT; TRAGUS; HYBRIDIZATION; POLYPLOIDY; EVOLUTION; PLANTS AB Tumbleweeds (Salsola species, section Kali) are road side and rangeland pest plants throughout the 48 contiguous states in the US. Three described tumbleweed species and two undescribed Salsola taxa occur in California. The known species are Russian thistle, Salsola tragus, introduced from Eurasia in the 1800s, Russian barbwire thistle, S. paulsenii, which grows in the desert regions of California, and is also native to Eurasia, and the recently identified S. kali subspecies austroafricana, possibly native to South Africa. Our goals were to investigate karyology, genome size, and molecular genetic affinities of the described species and the other taxa within their ranges in California using recently developed microsatellite loci, dominant nuclear DNA markers (RAPD and ISSR), and DNA sequence data. Chromosome counts and genome size assessments made with flow cytometry were compared. These analyses indicated that one undescribed taxon is a new allopolyploid hybrid between S. tragus and S. kali subspecies austroafricana, and the other undescribed taxon appears to be a complex hybrid involving all three described species. The invasion potentials for the hybrid taxa are unknown. Tumbleweeds are the focus of biological controls efforts but the identification of suitable agents for the hybrid taxa may be problematic because of the large amount of genetic variability encompassed within this evolving Salsola complex. C1 [Ayres, Debra; Grotkopp, Eva] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bailey, John] Univ Leicester, Dept Biol, Leicester, Leics, England. [Gaskin, John] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. RP Ayres, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM drayres@ucdavis.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 18 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAY PY 2009 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1187 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9380-5 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431SP UT WOS:000265084200009 ER PT J AU Caceres, C Segura, DF Vera, MT Wornoayporn, V Cladera, JL Teal, P Sapountzis, P Bourtzis, K Zacharopoulou, A Robinson, AS AF Caceres, Carlos Segura, Diego F. Vera, M. Teresa Wornoayporn, Viwat Cladera, Jorge L. Teal, Peter Sapountzis, Panagiotis Bourtzis, Kostas Zacharopoulou, Antigone Robinson, Alan S. TI Incipient speciation revealed in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera; Tephritidae) by studies on mating compatibility, sex pheromones, hybridization, and cytology SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; hybrid incompatibility; pre-zygotic; post-zygotic isolation; polytene chromosomes; speciation ID BACTROCERA-DORSALIS COMPLEX; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FRUIT-FLY; CHROMOSOME CONJUGATION; POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; RACE FORMATION; HYBRIDS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB It has long been proposed that the nominal species Anastrepha fraterculus is a species complex and earlier studies showed high levels of pre-zygotic isolation between two laboratory strains from Argentina and Peru. Further experiments were carried out on the same populations and on their reciprocal hybrids, including pre- and post-zygotic isolation studies, pheromone analysis, and mitotic and polytene chromosome analysis. A high level of pre-zygotic isolation had been maintained between the parental strains despite 3 years of laboratory rearing under identical conditions. The level of pre-zygotic isolation was reduced in matings with hybrids. There were also differences in other components of mating behaviour. There were quantitative and qualitative differences in the sex pheromone of the two strains with the hybrids producing a mixture. The pre-zygotic isolation barriers were complemented by high levels of post-zygotic inviability and sex ratio distortion, most likely not due to Wolbachia, although there was evidence of some cytoplasmic factor involved in sex ratio distortion. Analysis of polytene chromosomes revealed a high level of asynapsis in the hybrids, together with karyotypic differences between the parental strains. The combined results of the present study indicate that these two strains belong to different biological entities within the proposed A. fraterculus complex. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 97, 152-165. C1 [Caceres, Carlos; Wornoayporn, Viwat; Zacharopoulou, Antigone; Robinson, Alan S.] IAEA, IAEA, Joint FAO IAEA Programme Nucl Tech Food & Agr, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Segura, Diego F.; Cladera, Jorge L.] INTA Castelar, IGEAF, Lab Genet Insectos Importancia Econ, RA-1712 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Vera, M. Teresa] Estn Expt Agroind Obispo Colombres, RA-4101 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Teal, Peter] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sapountzis, Panagiotis; Bourtzis, Kostas] Univ Ioannina, Dept Environm & Nat Resources Management, Agrinion 30100, Greece. [Zacharopoulou, Antigone] Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Patras 26500, Greece. RP Robinson, AS (reprint author), IAEA, IAEA, Joint FAO IAEA Programme Nucl Tech Food & Agr, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. EM a.s.robinson@iaea.org OI Segura, Diego/0000-0001-7714-6559 FU University of Ioannina FX We are grateful to Monica Alburqueque and Rafael GuillEn (SENASA, Peru) for providing the material from Peru and Roberto Zucchi (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil) and Vicente Hernandez-Ortiz (Instituto de Ecologia, A. C., Mexico) for the taxonomic identification of the specimens. We are grateful to Dr Julio Walder for providing the material from Brazil. We thank A. Islam, A. Sohel, and T. Dammalage for excellent technical support. The work on Wolbachia was supported in part by intramural funding of the University of Ioannina to K.B. NR 56 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 97 IS 1 BP 152 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01193.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 436IK UT WOS:000265406800014 ER PT J AU Sotomayor-Ramirez, D Espinoza, Y Acosta-Martinez, V AF Sotomayor-Ramirez, David Espinoza, Yusmary Acosta-Martinez, Veronica TI Land use effects on microbial biomass C, beta-glucosidase and beta-glucosaminidase activities, and availability, storage, and age of organic C in soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Organic matter; Soil organic carbon; delta(13)C; Soil aggregates; Tropical soil; Vertisols; Enzyme activities; Soil microbial biomass ID C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; NO-TILLAGE SOILS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; EXTRACTION METHOD; MATTER FRACTIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PASTURE AB Microbial biomass, beta-glucosidase and beta-glucosaminidase activities, and availability, storage, and age of soil organic C were investigated after 26 years of conversion from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) to forest (Eucaliptus robusta or Leucaena leucocephala), pasture (mixture of tropical grasses), and to vegetable cropping (agriculture) in a vertisol in Puerto Rico. Soil organic C (SOC) at 0-100 cm was similar under Leucaena (22.8 kg C/m(2)), Eucalyptus (18.6 kg C/m(2)), and pasture (17.2 kg C/m(2)), which were higher than under agriculture (13.0 kg C/m(2)). Soil organic N (SON) at 0-100 cm was similar under the land uses evaluated which ranged from 1.70 (under agriculture) to 2.28 kg N/m(2) (under Leucaena forest). Microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) of the 0-15-cm soil layer could be ranked as: pasture > Leucaena = Eucalyptus > agriculture. The percentages of SOC and SON present as MBC and MBN, respectively, were nearly 1% in pasture and less than 0.50% in forest under Leucaena or Eucalyptus and agricultural soil. The activity of beta-glucosidase of the 0-15-cm soil layer could be ranked as: Leucaena = Eucalyptus > pasture > agriculture; while beta-glucosaminidase activity was ranked as: Eucalyptus > Leucaena = pasture > agriculture. The soil delta (13)C changed from 1996 to 2006 in forest under Eucalyptus (18.7aEuro degrees to 21.2aEuro degrees), but not under Leucaena (20.7aEuro degrees to 20.8aEuro degrees). The soil under Leucaena preserved a greater proportion of old C compared to the forest under Eucalyptus; the former had an increased soil mineralizable C from the current vegetation inputs. The soil under agriculture had the lowest enzyme activities associated with C cycling, lowest percentage of SOC as MBC, highest percentage of SOC present as mineralizable C, and highest percentage of MBC present as mineralizable C compared to the other land uses. C1 [Sotomayor-Ramirez, David] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Coll Agr Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Espinoza, Yusmary] CENIAP, INIA, Maracay, Venezuela. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Sotomayor-Ramirez, D (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Coll Agr Sci, Mayaguez Campus,POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM dsotomayor@uprm.edu FU ATLANTEA; Intercambio Academico del Caribe FX We appreciate the assistance of Mr. Samuel R os (Soil Scientist, USDA-NRCS), Ms. Jaqueline Vega (undergraduate student, UPRM), Dr. Jose Luis Gil (Researcher, INIA-CENIAP), Dr. R. Macchiavelli (Professor UPRM), and Dr. L. Perez-Alegria (Professor, UPRM). This project was supported by the ATLANTEA grant (Intercambio Academico del Caribe). NR 57 TC 24 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAY PY 2009 VL 45 IS 5 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.1007/s00374-009-0359-x PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445TL UT WOS:000266074300005 ER PT J AU Bischoff, KM Liu, SQ Leathers, TD Worthington, RE Rich, JO AF Bischoff, Kenneth M. Liu, Siqing Leathers, Timothy D. Worthington, Ronald E. Rich, Joseph O. TI Modeling Bacterial Contamination of Fuel Ethanol Fermentation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bacterial contamination; fuel ethanol; lactic acid bacteria; Lactobacillus fermentum ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CORN MASH; GROWTH; LACTOBACILLI; PENICILLIN AB The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria may limit the effectiveness of antibiotics to treat bacterial contamination in fuel ethanol plants, and therefore, new antibacterial intervention methods and tools to test their application are needed. Using shake-flask Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on saccharified corn mash and strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a dry-grind ethanol facility, a simple model to simulate bacterial contamination and infection was developed. Challenging the model with 10(8) CFU/mL Lactobacillus fermentum decreased ethanol yield by 27% and increased residual glucose from 6.2 to 45.5 g/L. The magnitude of the effect was proportional to the initial bacterial load, with 10(5) CFU/mL L. fermentum still producing an 8% decrease in ethanol and a 3.2-fold increase in residual glucose. Infection was also dependent on the bacterial species used to challenge the fermentation, as neither L. delbrueckii ATCC 4797 nor L. amylovorus 0315-7B produced a significant decrease in ethanol when inoculated at a density of 10(8) CFU/mL. In the shake-flask model, treatment with 2 mu g/mL virginiamycin mitigated the infection when challenged with a susceptible strain of L. fermentum (MIC for virginiamycin <= 2 ppm), but treatment was ineffective at treating infection by a resistant strain of L. fermentum (MIC = 16 ppm). The model may find application in developing new antibacterial agents and management practices for use in controlling contamination in the fuel ethanol industry. C1 [Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Liu, Siqing; Leathers, Timothy D.; Rich, Joseph O.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Worthington, Ronald E.] So Illinois Univ, Sch Pharm, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Bischoff, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenneth.bischoff@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [0538739]; State of Illinois Matching Fund FX Expert technical assistance was provided by Melinda S. Nunnally, Eric Hoecker, and Imran Khan. This work was funded in part by the National Science Foundation (Award #0538739 to R.E.W.) and by the State of Illinois Matching Fund. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1002/bit.22244 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 434OC UT WOS:000265283000008 PM 19148876 ER PT J AU Presley, SJ Willig, MR Saldanha, LN Wunderle, JM Castro-Arellano, I AF Presley, Steven J. Willig, Michael R. Saldanha, Luiz N. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Castro-Arellano, Ivan TI Reduced-impact Logging has Little Effect on Temporal Activity of Frugivorous Bats (Chiroptera) in Lowland Amazonia SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE behavior; conservation; deforestation; habitat use; Phyllostomidae; sustainable use forest management; Tapajos; Brazil; temporal overlap ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; TERRA-FIRME FOREST; PHYLLOSTOMID BATS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SPECIES RICHNESS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZON; FRENCH-GUIANA; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY AB Reduced-impact logging (RIL) represents a viable option for sustainable use of Neotropical lowland forests while minimizing negative effects on local biodiversity. Many Neotropical bats of the family Phyllostomidae provide ecosystem services associated with pollination and seed dispersal that promote the regeneration of disturbed areas; therefore, effects of RIL on these species is of particular concern. We determined patterns of temporal activity, degree of temporal overlap of activity, and dispersion in peaks of activity for seven abundant species of frugivorous bat in Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. In addition, we evaluated the effects of RIL at a harvest level of 18.7 m(3)/ha and habitat physiognomy on temporal patterns of activity for these species. Bats were surveyed for four nights at each of 96 sites for a total sampling effort of 64,512 net-m-h. Sites were distributed among four experimental blocks, two blocks of unlogged forest and two blocks of forest subjected to RIL. Half of the sites in each management type were in forest gaps and half were in closed-canopy forest. In general, species exhibited similar patterns of activity, and greater than expected temporal overlap in activity among species. RIL and forest physiognomy had little effect on activity patterns of species. RIL in Amazonia removes fewer trees than do naturally occurring treefalls and such changes in habitat structure do not alter activity patterns of frugivorous bats. Evidence suggests that RIL does not have an appreciable adverse effect on frugivorous bats in Amazonia. C1 [Presley, Steven J.; Willig, Michael R.; Castro-Arellano, Ivan] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Presley, Steven J.; Willig, Michael R.; Castro-Arellano, Ivan] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Saldanha, Luiz N.] Inst Brasileiro Meio Ambiente & Recursos Nat Reno, BR-66035350 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Presley, SJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, 3107 Horsebarn Hill Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM steven.presley@uconn.edu FU USDA Forest Service; Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Fundo Estadual de Ciencia Tecnologia do Estado do Para; Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza; Texas Tech University; Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut FX Field assistance was provided by D.C. dos Santos, L.P. Oliveira, G. de J. Oliveira, and R.P. Oliveira. Staff of Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, particularly S.A. Marques-Aguiar, assisted with taxonomic identifications. Logistics support was provided by D. Oren, L. Henriques, the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA), and the Large-Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Ecology Project (LBA). IBAMA provided collecting permits and permission to work in the TNF. Funding was provided by USDA Forest Service, as well as by Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Fundo Estadual de Ciencia Tecnologia do Estado do Para, Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza, Texas Tech University, and the Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut. This study was conducted under a cooperative agreement between IBAMA and USDA Forest Service. The International Institute of Tropical Forestry works in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico. The Portuguese abstract was provided by T. Rangel. NR 74 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAY PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00485.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 436IM UT WOS:000265407000014 ER PT J AU Gelineau-Van Waes, J Maddox, J Wilberding, P Eudy, J Smith, L Riley, R AF Gelineau-Van Waes, J. Maddox, J. Wilberding, P. Eudy, J. Smith, L. Riley, R. TI Lipid Mediators Link Cell Cycle Progression With Placental and Neural Tube Defects after Maternal Fumonisin or FTY720 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gelineau-Van Waes, J.; Maddox, J.; Wilberding, P.; Eudy, J.; Smith, L.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Riley, R.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 410 EP 410 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 454PX UT WOS:000266695900065 ER PT J AU Jugdaohsingh, R Powell, JJ Anderson, SHC Thompson, RPH Calomme, MR Robinson, K Nielsen, F D'Haese, P Geusens, P Loveridge, N AF Jugdaohsingh, Ravin Powell, Jonathan J. Anderson, Simon H. C. Thompson, Richard P. H. Calomme, Mario R. Robinson, Karen Nielsen, Forrest D'Haese, Patrick Geusens, Piet Loveridge, Nigel TI Reply to Dr Exley comments on: Jugdaohsingh R et al., Increased longitudinal growth in rats on a silicon depleted diet. Bone 2008;43:596-606 SO BONE LA English DT Letter ID ALUMINUM; ACID; TRANSPORTER; ABSORPTION; RICE C1 [Jugdaohsingh, Ravin; Powell, Jonathan J.] MRC Human Nutr Res, Elsie Widdowson Lab, Cambridge CB1 9NL, England. [Jugdaohsingh, Ravin; Anderson, Simon H. C.; Thompson, Richard P. H.] Kings Coll London, Div Nutr Sci, Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Rayne Inst,St Thomas Hosp, London SE1 7EH, England. [Calomme, Mario R.] Univ Antwerp, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Robinson, Karen] Kings Coll London, Biol Serv Unit, Rayne Inst, St Thomas Hosp, London SE1 7EH, England. [Nielsen, Forrest] USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [D'Haese, Patrick] Univ Antwerp, Fac Med, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Geusens, Piet] Univ Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, Netherlands. [Geusens, Piet] Univ Hasselt, Biomed Res Inst, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Loveridge, Nigel] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Bone Metab Unit, Dept Med, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. RP Jugdaohsingh, R (reprint author), MRC Human Nutr Res, Elsie Widdowson Lab, Fulbourn Rd, Cambridge CB1 9NL, England. EM ravin.jugdaohsingh@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk OI Loveridge, Nigel/0000-0002-5550-7584 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD MAY PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2009.02.002 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 436SO UT WOS:000265436000042 ER PT J AU Binkley, N Dawson-Hughes, B Bischoff-Ferrari, H Chandler, J De Papp, AE He, W Rosenberg, E Santora, A AF Binkley, N. Dawson-Hughes, B. Bischoff-Ferrari, H. Chandler, J. De Papp, A. E. He, W. Rosenberg, E. Santora, A. TI Alendronate plus Vitamin D Therapy or referred care in osteoporotic women: Rationale and design, including measurement of physical functions, falls, and possible genetic markers SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Joint Meeting of the International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society/Australian-New-Zealand-Bone-and-M ineral-Society CY MAR 21-25, 2009 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Bone & Mineral Soc, Australian & New Zealand Bone & Mineral Soc C1 [Binkley, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H.] Univ Zurich Hosp, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Chandler, J.; De Papp, A. E.; Rosenberg, E.] Merck & Co Inc, N Wales, PA USA. [He, W.] Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD MAY PY 2009 VL 44 MA 486 BP S97 EP S97 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2009.01.423 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 436SP UT WOS:000265436200201 ER PT J AU Groisman, PY Clark, EA Kattsov, VM Lettenmaier, DP Sokolik, IN Aizen, VB Cartus, O Chen, JQ Conard, S Katzenberger, J Krankina, O Kukkonen, J Machida, T Maksyutov, S Ojima, D Qi, JG Romanovsky, VE Santoro, M Schmullius, CC Shiklomanov, AI Shimoyama, K Shugart, HH Shuman, JK Sofiev, MA Sukhinin, AI Vorosmarty, C Walker, D Wood, EF AF Groisman, Pavel Ya. Clark, Elizabeth A. Kattsov, Vladimir M. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Sokolik, Irina N. Aizen, Vladimir B. Cartus, Oliver Chen, Jiquan Conard, Susan Katzenberger, John Krankina, Olga Kukkonen, Jaakko Machida, Toshinobu Maksyutov, Shamil Ojima, Dennis Qi, Jiaguo Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Santoro, Maurizio Schmullius, Christiane C. Shiklomanov, Alexander I. Shimoyama, Kou Shugart, Herman H. Shuman, Jacquelyn K. Sofiev, Mikhail A. Sukhinin, Anatoly I. Voeroesmarty, Charles Walker, Donald Wood, Eric F. TI THE NORTHERN EURASIA EARTH SCIENCE PARTNERSHIP An Example of Science Applied to Societal Needs SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; LAND; PRECIPITATION; DYNAMICS; SIBERIA; REGION; PRODUCTS; FORESTS; METHANE; EUROPE AB Northern Eurasia, the largest land-mass in the northern extratropics, accounts for similar to 20% of the global land area. However, little is known about how the biogeochemical cycles, energy and water cycles, and human activities specific to this carbon-rich, cold region interact with global climate. A major concern is that changes in the distribution of land-based life, as well as its interactions with the environment, may lead to a self-reinforcing cycle of accelerated regional and global warming. With this as its motivation, the Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI) was formed in 2004 to better understand and quantify feedbacks between northern Eurasian and global climates. The first group of NEESPI projects has mostly focused on assembling regional databases, organizing improved environmental monitoring of the region, and studying individual environmental processes. That was a starting point to addressing emerging challenges in the region related to rapidly and simultaneously changing climate, environmental, and societal systems. More recently, the NEESPI research focus has been moving toward integrative studies, including the development of modeling capabilities to project the future state of climate, environment, and societies in the NEESPI domain. This effort will require a high level of integration of observation programs, process studies, and modeling across disciplines. C1 [Groisman, Pavel Ya.] NOAA, UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Clark, Elizabeth A.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kattsov, Vladimir M.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Sokolik, Irina N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Aizen, Vladimir B.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Cartus, Oliver; Schmullius, Christiane C.] Univ Jena, Jena, Germany. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Conard, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA USA. [Katzenberger, John] Aspen Global Change Inst, Aspen, CO USA. [Krankina, Olga] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kukkonen, Jaakko; Sofiev, Mikhail A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Machida, Toshinobu; Maksyutov, Shamil] Natl Inst Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ojima, Dennis] H John Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, Washington, DC USA. [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Walker, Donald] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Santoro, Maurizio] Gamma Remote Sensing, Gumlingen, Switzerland. [Shiklomanov, Alexander I.; Voeroesmarty, Charles] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shimoyama, Kou] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Shugart, Herman H.; Shuman, Jacquelyn K.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Sukhinin, Anatoly I.] Russian Acad Sci, Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Groisman, PY (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM pasha.groisman@noaa.gov RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; Shimoyama, Kou/D-9823-2012; Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009; Sofiev, Mikhail/F-7606-2016 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Sofiev, Mikhail/0000-0001-9542-5746 NR 78 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 90 IS 5 BP 671 EP 688 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2556.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 462LR UT WOS:000267354800008 ER PT J AU Goodby, J McGoldrick, F AF Goodby, James McGoldrick, Fred TI Reducing the risks of nuclear power's global spread SO BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS LA English DT Article C1 [Goodby, James] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Goodby, James] Hoover Inst War Revolut & Peace, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McGoldrick, Fred] IAEA, State Dept, Vienna, Austria. [McGoldrick, Fred] IAEA, Dept Energy, Vienna, Austria. [McGoldrick, Fred] IAEA, US Mission, Vienna, Austria. RP Goodby, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0096-3402 J9 B ATOM SCI JI Bull. Atom. Scient. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 65 IS 3 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.2968/065003006 PG 8 WC International Relations; Social Issues SC International Relations; Social Issues GA 624IF UT WOS:000279810200006 ER PT J AU Antony, F Jordan, L Daniels, RF Schimleck, LR Clark, A Hall, DB AF Antony, Finto Jordan, Lewis Daniels, Richard F. Schimleck, Laurence R. Clark, Alexander, III Hall, Daniel B. TI Effect of midrotation fertilization on growth and specific gravity of loblolly pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WOOD DENSITY; RADIATA; ANATOMY; AGE AB Wood properties and growth were measured on breast-height cores and on disks collected at different heights from a thinned and fertilized midrotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The study was laid out in a randomized complete-block design receiving four levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer: unfertilized control and 112, 224, and 336 kg/ha plus 28 kg/ha of phosphorus with each treatment. The effect of fertilization was analyzed for the whole-disk and for a 4 year average following fertilization on data collected from breast-height cores and from disks. The fertilization treatments did not significantly affect whole-disk wood properties but significantly increased radial growth. Fertilization rate of 336 kg/ha N significantly reduced 4 year average ring specific gravity and latewood specific gravity. Wood properties of trees that received 112 and 224 kg/ha N were not affected following treatment. There was no height related trend in wood property changes due to fertilization. Fertilization significantly increased ring basal area and earlywood basal area. In summary, there was a decline in wood properties and an increase in basal area growth immediately after fertilization; both depended on the rate of fertilizer applied irrespective of height. C1 [Antony, Finto; Jordan, Lewis; Daniels, Richard F.; Schimleck, Laurence R.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hall, Daniel B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Antony, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fintoa@warnell.uga.edu FU University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; USDA Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, USA; US Department of Energy FX The Wood Quality Consortium, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA, funded this project. The USDA Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, USA, provided valuable support in conducting this study. The wood samples were collected under a grant from the US Department of Energy. The Forest Nutrition Cooperative and Weyerhaeuser Company provided background information and access to the fertilization study. Drs. Mike Clutter, Glenn Ware, and Arnold Saxton provided valuable comments. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 39 IS 5 BP 928 EP 935 DI 10.1139/X09-021 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 468IN UT WOS:000267810800005 ER PT J AU Piatek, KB Munasinghe, P Peterjohn, WT Adams, MB Cumming, JR AF Piatek, K. B. Munasinghe, P. Peterjohn, W. T. Adams, M. B. Cumming, J. R. TI Oak contribution to litter nutrient dynamics in an Appalachian forest receiving elevated nitrogen and dolomite SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD LEAF-LITTER; TEMPERATE FOREST; WEST-VIRGINIA; FOLIAR LITTER; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; SATURATION; ACIDIFICATION; DEPOSITION AB Ecosystem nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) fluxes are affected by inputs of atmospheric N. Oak litter may additionally affect these fluxes because of its high-lignin content. We analyzed nutrient dynamics in ambient mixed-species litter in an aggrading hardwood stand at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia. We separated oak from the mix for analysis (oak) and compared it with total litter (all species) to understand how oak affects nutrient fluxes in the litter layer. The study was conducted under ambient atmospheric deposition, under elevated atmospheric deposition, and under elevated deposition plus mitigation with dolomite. N flux between litterfall and 12 months later indicated a net loss in all-species litter of up to 7.3 kg N.ha(-1) and a retention of up to 0.6 kg N.ha(-1) in oak. P flux included losses in all species in ambient and in dolomite treatments of up to 0.19 kg P.ha(-1) and gains of up to 0.12 kg P.ha(-1) in oak in all treatments. Oak mineralized Ca at an average across treatments of 4.6 kg Ca.ha(-1) compared with 16 kg Ca.ha(-1) in all species, with half of that when trees were dormant. Percent immobilization and release over initial litter were greater in oak than in all species, but nutrient fluxes were lower in oak than in all species because of low oak litter mass. Elevated deposition lowered N and increased P immobilization. Dolomite appeared to affect early N dynamics only. With an increase in litterfall mass when forests mature, these effects are also likely to increase. C1 [Piatek, K. B.; Munasinghe, P.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Peterjohn, W. T.; Cumming, J. R.] W Virginia Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Adams, M. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Piatek, KB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Kathryn.piatek@mail.wvu.edu FU USDA McIntire-Stennis Program FX This work was supported by funding from the USDA McIntire-Stennis Program. We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments on this manuscript by C. Prescott, R. Yanai, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 39 IS 5 BP 936 EP 944 DI 10.1139/X09-028 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 468IN UT WOS:000267810800006 ER PT J AU Han, SK Han, HS Page-Dumroese, DS Johnson, LR AF Han, Sang-Kyun Han, Han-Sup Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Johnson, Leonard R. TI Soil compaction associated with cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting of a coniferous forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE; GROWTH; DISTURBANCE; RADIATA; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; STANDS; TRAILS; SITE AB The degree and extent of soil compaction, which may reduce productivity of forest soils, is believed to vary by the type of harvesting system, and a field-based study was conducted to compare soil compaction from cut-to-length (CTL) and whole-tree (WT) harvesting operations. The CTL harvesting system used less area to transport logs to the landings than did the WT harvesting system (19%-20% vs. 24%-25%). At high soil moisture levels (25%-30%), both CTL and WT harvestings caused a significant increase of soil resistance to penetration (SRP) and bulk density (BD) in the track compared with the undisturbed area (p < 0.05). In the center of trails, however, only WT harvesting resulted in a significant increase of SRP and BD compared with the undisturbed area (p < 0.05). Slash covered 69% of the forwarding trail area in the CTL harvesting units; 37% was covered by heavy slash (40 kg.m(-2)) while 32% was covered by light slash (7.3 kg.m(-2)). Heavy slash was more effective in reducing soil compaction in the CTL units (p < 0.05). Prediction models were developed that can be used to estimate percent increases in SRP and BD over undisturbed areas for both CTL and WT harvesting systems. C1 [Han, Sang-Kyun] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Han, Han-Sup] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Johnson, Leonard R.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Han, SK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM SKHan@oregonstate.edu NR 51 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 39 IS 5 BP 976 EP 989 DI 10.1139/X09-027 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 468IN UT WOS:000267810800009 ER PT J AU Lin, F Sun, Q Xu, SC Chen, XM Zhang, LJ Zhang, CY Xu, YF Miao, Q Qu, B Li, N Zhai, Q AF Lin, Feng Sun, Quan Xu, Shichang Chen, Xianming Zhang, Lijun Zhang, Chunyu Xu, Yufeng Miao, Qing Qu, Bo Li, Nan Zhai, Qiang TI Identification of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines conferring resistance to stripe rust SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium; stripe rust; GISH; cytological identification ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; LEAF RUST; HYBRIDIZATION; GENES; DICOCCOIDES; DERIVATIVES; VIRUS; GISH AB Lin, F., Sun, Q., Xu, S. C., Chen, X. M., Zhang, L. J., Zhang, C. Y., Xu, Y. F., Miao, Q., Qu, B., Li, N. and Zhai Q. 2009. Identification of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines conferring resistance to stripe rust. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 569-574. Thinopyrum intermedium carries many useful traits for wheat genetic improvement. To identify genes conferring resistance to stripe rust caused by Puccinia stiiformis f. sp. tritici in Zhong4, one of the Zhong series of partial amphiploids from the hybrids of common wheat x Th. intermedium, a cross was made between Zhong4 and a Chinese Spring ph1b mutant (CS-ph1b). The parents, F(1), F(2) plants and F(5) lines of the cross were tested with Chinese predominant race CYR31 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in the seedling stage under controlled greenhouse conditions. Of 201 F, seedlings tested with race CYR31, 149 were resistant and 52 were susceptible. The segregation Fit a 3 resistant: 1 susceptible ratio, indicating that a single dominant gene conferred resistance to the race CYR31. This result was further confirmed by the segregation of F5 lines into 1: 1 ratio (P =0.77). Using the Schiff dyeing method, the chromosome number in the root-tip cells of 10 F5 resistant lines (total 42 plants) was determined. Two alien addition lines (5-1-2-1-1-5, 5-1-2-1-1-6) with the smallest chromosome number (2n =42 + II) were identified. A total of 105 pollen mother cells were examined at metaphase 1 (PMCs M 1) for meiotic chromosome pairing. The lines 5-1-2-1-1-5 and 5-1-2-1-1-6 showed regular meiosis, exhibiting 22 ring or rod bivalents (2n = 22 II). The GISH results indicated that lines 5-1-2-1-1-5 and 5-1-2-1-1-6 were wheat-Th. intermedium alien disomic addition lines with 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and one pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes. These two lines were all resistant to stripe rust, suggesting that they can be used as donors of stripe rust resistance genes and have great potential to play important roles in wheat stripe rust resistance breeding programs in China and the world. C1 [Lin, Feng; Sun, Quan; Zhang, Lijun; Zhang, Chunyu; Xu, Yufeng; Miao, Qing; Qu, Bo; Li, Nan; Zhai, Qiang] Shenyang Agr Univ, Biosci & Technol Coll, Shenyang 110161, Peoples R China. [Lin, Feng; Xu, Shichang] State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Zhang, LJ (reprint author), Shenyang Agr Univ, Biosci & Technol Coll, Shenyang 110161, Peoples R China. EM zhanglj@syau.edu.cn FU State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, China FX The study was supported by the State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, China. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 89 IS 3 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 451LZ UT WOS:000266473000019 ER PT J AU Paul, S Rimando, A Lee, H Ji, Y Reddy, B Suh, N AF Paul, Shiby Rimando, Agnes Lee, Hong Ji, Yan Reddy, Bandaru Suh, Nanjoo TI Anti-inflammatory action of pterostilbene is mediated through the p38-ATF2 pathway in colon cancer cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Piscataway, NJ USA. ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 69 SU 9 MA 2981 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43TD UT WOS:000209702801404 ER PT J AU Sie, K Li, J Ly, A Croxford, R Sohn, KJ Choi, SW Kim, YI AF Sie, Karen Li, Jennifer Ly, Anna Croxford, Ruth Sohn, Kyoung-Jin Choi, Sang-Woon Kim, Young-In TI The effect of in utero and post natal folic acid supplementation on genomic DNA methylation in the offspring SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 69 SU 9 MA 45 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V43TC UT WOS:000209702703432 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Maghirang, EB Graybosch, RA Berzonsky, WA Delwiche, SR AF Dowell, F. E. Maghirang, E. B. Graybosch, R. A. Berzonsky, W. A. Delwiche, S. R. TI Selecting and Sorting Waxy Wheat Kernels Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMYLOSE; CLASSIFICATION; PROTEINS; STARCHES AB An automated single kernel near-infrared (NIR) sorting system was used to separate single wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels with amylose-free (waxy) starch from reduced-amylose (partial waxy) or wildtype wheat kernels. Waxy kernels of hexaploid wheat are null for the granule-bound starch synthase alleles at all three Wx gene loci; partial waxy kernels have at least one null and one functional allele. Wild-type kernels have three functional alleles. Our results demonstrate that automated single kernel NIR technology can be used to select waxy kernels from segregating breeding lines or to purify advanced breeding lines for the low-amylose kernel trait. Calibrations based on either amylose content or the waxy trait performed similarly. Also, a calibration developed using the amylose content of waxy, partial waxy, and wild-type durum (T. turgidum L. var durum) wheat enabled adequate sorting for hard red winter and hard red spring wheat with no modifications. Regression coefficients indicated that absorption by starch in the NIR region contributed to the classification models. Single kernel NIR technology offers significant benefits to breeding programs that are developing wheat with amylose-free starches. C1 [Dowell, F. E.; Maghirang, E. B.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Graybosch, R. A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Berzonsky, W. A.] SDSU, Dept Plant Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD USA. [Delwiche, S. R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-3-0251 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NP UT WOS:000266408400001 ER PT J AU Champagne, ET Bett-Garber, KL Thomson, JL Fitzgerald, MA AF Champagne, Elaine T. Bett-Garber, Karen L. Thomson, Jessica L. Fitzgerald, Melissa A. TI Unraveling the Impact of Nitrogen Nutrition on Cooked Rice Flavor and Texture SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-CONTENT; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; COOKING PROPERTIES; GELATINIZATION TEMPERATURE; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; STARCH GELATINIZATION; PARBOILED RICE; FINE-STRUCTURE; MILLED-RICE; QUALITY AB Understanding the influences of amylose and protein contents on rice sensory properties is key to maintaining quality and providing consumers with rice with desired flavor and textural attributes. This research focused on delineating the effects of nitrogen nutrition on cooked rice texture and flavor. The sensory properties of cultivars grown in adjoining fields with differing rates of nitrogen fertilizer (to yield grains with a large spread in protein contents) were measured by a panel trained in descriptive analysis. Second, rice sensory properties were modeled using apparent amylose and protein data. Fertilizer level affected protein and apparent amylose contents and, in turn, cooked rice texture. Protein contents were significantly higher (P < 0.0007) and apparent amylose contents were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) at the higher fertilizer level. Models revealed a negative correlation of protein content with initial starchy coating, slickness, and stickiness between grains-three attributes that are perceived when cooked rice is first introduced into the mouth. Models for roughness, hardness, and moisture absorption-attributes representing three phases of evaluation in the mouth-showed a positive correlation with protein content. The models provide insight into the magnitude of change in protein content that is likely required to observe textural changes in cooked rice. C1 [Champagne, Elaine T.; Bett-Garber, Karen L.; Thomson, Jessica L.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Fitzgerald, Melissa A.] Int Rice Res Inst, Grain Qual Nutr & Postharvest Ctr, DAPO 7777, Manila, Philippines. RP Champagne, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM elaine.champagne@ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 58 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-3-0274 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NP UT WOS:000266408400005 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Li, SB King, GE Engle, DA Burns, JW Ross, AS AF Morris, Craig F. Li, Shuobi King, G. E. Engle, Doug A. Burns, John W. Ross, Andrew S. TI A Comprehensive Genotype and Environment Assessment of Wheat Grain Ash Content in Oregon and Washington: Analysis of Variation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOUR AB A comprehensive analysis of the variation in wheat grain ash content has not been previously conducted. This study assessed the relative contribution of genotype and environment to variation in ash content, with a particular aim of ascertaining the potential for manipulating the trait using contemporary adapted germplasm. A total of 2,240 samples were drawn from four years of multilocation field plots grown in the wheat production areas of Oregon and Washington states. Genotypes included commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines of soft and hard winter, and soft and hard spring wheats with red and white kernel color, several soft white club wheats, and one soft white spring waxy wheat cultivar. In addition to ash, protein content, test weight, and Single Kernel Characterization System kernel hardness, weight and size were also measured. In total, 20 separate fully balanced ANOVA results were conducted. Whole model R(2) values were highly significant, 0.62-0.91. Nineteen of the 20 ANOVA results indicated significant genotype effects, but the effects were not large. In contrast, environment effects were always highly significant with F values often one to two orders of magnitude larger than the genotype F values. The grand mean for all samples was 1.368% ash. For individual data sets, genotype means across environments varied approximate to 0.1-0.3% ash. The genotypes judged noteworthy because they had the highest least squares mean ash content were OR9900553 and ClearFirst soft white winter, NuHills hard red winter, Waxy-Pen and Cataldo soft white spring, and WA8010 and Lochsa hard spring wheats. Genotypes with lowest least squares mean ash were Edwin (club) soft white winter, OR2040073H hard red winter, WA7952 soft white spring, and WA8038 hard spring wheats. In conclusion, wheat grain ash is more greatly influenced by crop year and location than by genotype. However, sufficient genotype variation is present to plausibly manipulate this grain trait through traditional plant breeding. C1 [Morris, Craig F.; Engle, Doug A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Li, Shuobi] NW A&F Univ, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [King, G. E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Burns, John W.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ross, Andrew S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu RI Ross, Andrew/C-7488-2013 OI Ross, Andrew/0000-0003-1509-9106 FU Oregon Wheat Commission; Washington Wheat Commission; Northwest A F University FX We wish to thank the Oregon Wheat Commission and Washington Wheat Commission for partial financial support for the conduct of the G & E Study. Study leave for S. Li was made possible through a generous grant from Northwest A & F University. The contributions of the staff of the Western Wheat Quality Lab and WSU Cereal Variety Testing Program are gratefully acknowledged. C. James Peterson and his OSU breeding project grew and harvested the Oregon field plots. Stacey Sykes and Shawna Vogl provided valuable assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-3-0307 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NP UT WOS:000266408400009 ER PT J AU Wang, P Johnston, DB Rausch, KD Schmidt, SJ Tumbleson, ME Singh, V AF Wang, Ping Johnston, David B. Rausch, Kent D. Schmidt, Shelly J. Tumbleson, M. E. Singh, Vijay TI Effects of Protease and Urea on a Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Process for Corn Ethanol Production SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUEL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION; ENZYMES AB The dry grind process using granular starch hydrolyzing enzymes (GSHE) saves energy. The amount of GSHE used is an important factor affecting dry grind process economics. Proteases can weaken protein matrix to aid starch release and may reduce GSHE doses. Two specific proteases, an exoprotease and an endoprotease, were evaluated in the dry grind process using GSHE (GSH process). The effect of protease and urea addition on GSH process was also evaluated. Addition of these proteases resulted in higher ethanol concentrations (mean increase of 0.3-1.8 v/v) and lower distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) yields (mean decrease of 1.3-8.0% db) compared with the control (no protease addition). As protease levels and GSHE increased, ethanol concentrations increased and DDGS yields decreased. Protease addition reduced the required GSHE dose. Final mean ethanol concentrations without urea (15.2% v/v) were higher than with urea (15.0% v/v) in GSH process across all protease treatments. C1 [Wang, Ping; Rausch, Kent D.; Tumbleson, M. E.; Singh, Vijay] Univ Illinois, AESB 360G, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Johnston, David B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, AESB 360G, 1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@illinois.edu NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-3-0319 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NP UT WOS:000266408400011 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Chiu, MM Chapman, MH AF Kahlon, T. S. Chiu, M. M. Chapman, M. H. TI In Vitro Bile-Acid-Binding of Whole vs. Pearled Wheat Grain SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL ENERGY-LEVELS; RICE BRAN; OAT BRAN; CHOLESTEROL; RISK; CHOLESTYRAMINE; EXCRETION; CAPACITY; HAMSTER; DISEASE AB Health benefits of consuming whole grains are reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, and cancer. The U. S. Health and Human Services and USDA dietary guidelines recommend consumption of 6-10 oz of grain products daily and one-half of that amount should contain whole grains. Whole grains contain vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytonutrients. Bile-acid-binding capacity has been related to cholesterol lowering potential of food fractions. Lowered recirculating bile acids results in utilization of cholesterol to synthesize bile acid and reduced fat absorption. Secondary bile acids have been associated with increased risk of cancer. Bile-acid-binding potential has been related to lowering the risk of heart disease and that of cancer. It has been reported that bile-acid-binding of wheat bran is not related to its total dietary fiber (TDF) content. Whole (W) grain as well as pearled (P) hard red winter wheat (Hrw), hard white winter wheat (Hww), and durum wheat (DU) cooked grains were evaluated for in vitro, bile-acid-binding relative to cholestryramine (a cholesterol lowering bile-acid-binding drug). On dry matter basis (db) relative bile-acid-binding values were 7.7% WHrw; 7.5% WHww; 6.3% PHww; 6.0% PHrw; 5.5% WDU; and 5.4% PDU. On a TDF basis, binding values were 42-57% of that for cholestyramine for the whole and pearled wheat grains tested. Bile-acid-binding values (db) for WHrw and WHww were similar and significantly higher than those of PHww, PHrw, WDU and PDU. Similar bile-acid-binding of WHww to that of WHrw suggest that the red color commonly associated with whole grain may not necessarily indicate more healthful potential. Data suggest that cooked WHrw and WHww wheat have significantly higher health-promoting potential than pearled grains. WDU or PDU wheat health-promoting potential was similar to that of PHww or PHrw. Consumption of products containing WHrw and WHww are recommended. C1 [Kahlon, T. S.; Chiu, M. M.; Chapman, M. H.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Talwinder.Kahlon@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-3-0329 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NP UT WOS:000266408400013 ER PT J AU Lemuz, CR Dien, BS Singh, V McKinney, J Tumbleson, ME Rausch, KD AF Lemuz, Carlos R. Dien, Bruce S. Singh, Vijay McKinney, John Tumbleson, M. E. Rausch, Kent D. TI Development of an Ethanol Yield Procedure for Dry-Grind Corn Processing SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUEL ETHANOL; LACTIC-ACID; FERMENTATION; FEEDSTOCK; TRITICALE; LOCATION; ALCOHOL; BARLEY; RYE AB In 2008, the United States produced ethanol at a rate of 39.5 billion L/year; an additional 8.5 billion L/year capacity was under construction. Kernel composition and physical properties are not correlated with ethanol yield. A procedure that measured the potential of hybrids to produce ethanol would benefit corn seed companies, corn producers, and ethanol processors. The objective was to develop a laboratory procedure to measure ethanol yield from corn samples and evaluate the developed procedure for accuracy and precision. To determine parameters for routine analyses, effects of mill type, dry solids, and yeast addition were investigated separately followed by effects of fermentation time (T(f)), glucoamylase dose, and yeast addition. Measurement of ethanol using HPLC and gravimetric (change in weight due to CO(2) loss) methods were compared. Using the procedure developed, ethanol yields for five diverse hybrids (dent, waxy, white, high oil, and high amylose) were measured. Effects of mill type, dry solids, Tf, glucoamylase dose, and yeast addition were significant (P < 0.05). The gravimetric method estimated higher yields (428 +/- 10 L/tonne) than HPLC (405 +/- 15 L/tonne) and had a higher level of precision. Both methods had coefficients of variations of < 4% and gave similar conclusions. In the final procedure, we used corn (25 g/batch) liquefied with alpha-amylase (60 min at 90 degrees C) in 75 mL of distilled water. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was used (64 hr at 32 degrees C) with glucoamylase and yeast. Gravimetric and HPLC methods measured differences in ethanol yield for the five hybrids (158-435 L/tonne). The method is suitable for routine testing of ethanol yield potential and as a reference method for verifying more rapid measurement techniques. C1 [Lemuz, Carlos R.; Singh, Vijay; Tumbleson, M. E.; Rausch, Kent D.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dien, Bruce S.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [McKinney, John] Illinois Crop Improvement Assoc, Champaign, IL USA. RP Rausch, KD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM krausch@illinois.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR) [SCA 583-620-2-149]; ARS; USDA in Peoria; IL FX Partially funded through a Specific Cooperative Agreement (SCA 583-620-2-149) with the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), ARS, USDA in Peoria, IL. We thank Patricia O'Bryan (NCAUR) for HPLC analyses. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-3-0355 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 450NP UT WOS:000266408400017 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS AF Kahlon, T. S. TI Evaluating Healthful Properties of Cereals and Cereal Fractions by Their Bile-Acid-Binding Potential SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO BINDING; MECHANICAL ENERGY-LEVELS; WHEAT BRAN; OAT-BRAN; RICE BRAN; DIETARY FIBER; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC PROPERTIES; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; STEROID-EXCRETION; COLORECTAL-CANCER C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1094/CFW-54-3-0118 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 439VI UT WOS:000265655100004 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Huwe, J Chaney, RL AF Dungan, Robert S. Huwe, Janice Chaney, Rufus L. TI Concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in spent foundry sands SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Beneficial use; Foundry; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Spent foundry sand ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; SOIL; EMISSIONS; METALS; PCDD/F; FURANS AB Approximately 10 million tons of spent foundry sand (SFS) are generated in the United States each year, and their beneficial use in agricultural and horticultural applications is being considered. Other studies have demonstrated that trace elements are low enough in sands from iron, steel, and aluminum foundries to allow their beneficial use. Because data were not available on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in SFSs, we analyzed representative spent sands from 10 foundries to assess the potential for these compounds to limit their use in soil-related applications. The total TEQ (toxicity equivalent) concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.13 ng TEQ kg(-1), with an average concentration of 0.58 ng TEQ kg(-1). These concentrations are within the range of natural background in soils. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Huwe, Janice] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chaney, Rufus L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2009 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1232 EP 1235 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.080 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462UH UT WOS:000267381700015 PM 19264346 ER PT J AU Greenwald, R Lyashchenko, O Esfandiari, J Miller, M Mikota, S Olsen, JH Ball, R Dumonceaux, G Schmitt, D Moller, T Payeur, JB Harris, B Sofranko, D Waters, WR Lyashchenko, KP AF Greenwald, Rena Lyashchenko, Olena Esfandiari, Javan Miller, Michele Mikota, Susan Olsen, John H. Ball, Ray Dumonceaux, Genevieve Schmitt, Dennis Moller, Torsten Payeur, Janet B. Harris, Beth Sofranko, Denise Waters, W. Ray Lyashchenko, Konstantin P. TI Highly Accurate Antibody Assays for Early and Rapid Detection of Tuberculosis in African and Asian Elephants SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS INFECTION; BADGERS MELES-MELES; STAT-PAK ASSAY; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; SERUM ANTIBODIES; CAPTIVE ELEPHANTS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; DEFINED ANTIGENS; RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS AB Tuberculosis (TB) in elephants is a reemerging zoonotic disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current methods for screening and diagnosis rely on trunk wash culture, which has serious limitations due to low test sensitivity, slow turnaround time, and variable sample quality. Innovative and more efficient diagnostic tools are urgently needed. We describe three novel serologic techniques, the ElephantTB Stat-Pak kit, multiantigen print immunoassay, and dual-path platform VetTB test, for rapid antibody detection in elephants. The study was performed with serum samples from 236 captive African and Asian elephants from 53 different locations in the United States and Europe. The elephants were divided into three groups based on disease status and history of exposure: (i) 26 animals with culture-confirmed TB due to M. tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis, (ii) 63 exposed elephants from known-infected herds that had never produced a culture-positive result from trunk wash samples, and (iii) 147 elephants without clinical symptoms suggestive of TB, with consistently negative trunk wash culture results, and with no history of potential exposure to TB in the past 5 years. Elephants with culture-confirmed TB and a proportion of exposed but trunk wash culture-negative elephants produced robust antibody responses to multiple antigens of M. tuberculosis, with seroconversions detectable years before TB-positive cultures were obtained from trunk wash specimens. ESAT-6 and CFP10 proteins were immunodominant antigens recognized by elephant antibodies during disease. The serologic assays demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 95 to 100% specificity. Rapid and accurate antibody tests to identify infected elephants will likely allow earlier and more efficient treatment, thus limiting transmission of infection to other susceptible animals and to humans. C1 [Greenwald, Rena; Lyashchenko, Olena; Esfandiari, Javan; Lyashchenko, Konstantin P.] Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY 11763 USA. [Miller, Michele] Disneys Anim Programs, Lake Buena Vista, FL USA. [Mikota, Susan] Elephant Care Int, Hohenwald, TN USA. [Ball, Ray; Dumonceaux, Genevieve] Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL USA. [Schmitt, Dennis] Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO USA. [Moller, Torsten] Kolmarden Zoo & Wildlife Pk, Kolmarden, Sweden. [Payeur, Janet B.; Harris, Beth] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sofranko, Denise] USDA, Anim Care Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Waters, W. Ray] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lyashchenko, KP (reprint author), Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, 3661 Horseblock Rd, Medford, NY 11763 USA. EM klyashchenko@chembio.com OI Miller, Michele/0000-0002-5883-6076 FU Busch Gardens Tampa Bay; Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc. FX This work was supported by Busch Gardens Tampa Bay and Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc. NR 37 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 16 IS 5 BP 605 EP 612 DI 10.1128/CVI.00038-09 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 441DM UT WOS:000265749500002 PM 19261770 ER PT J AU Hendrikx, J Birkeland, K Clark, M AF Hendrikx, Jordy Birkeland, Karl Clark, Martyn TI Assessing changes in the spatial variability of the snowpack fracture propagation propensity over time SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spatial variability; Snowpack; Propagation; Avalanche forecasting ID SHEAR-STRENGTH; STABILITY; SLOPES; RESISTANCE; ISSUES; LAYERS AB Understanding the spatial variability in fracture initiation and fracture propagation is critical for avalanching as both are required for an avalanche to release. Most of the previous research looked at the spatial variability of fracture initiation. We focus on understanding the spatial variability of the fracture propagation potential using the Extended Column Test (ECT). This work uses a new overlapping grid methodology which allowed us to make repeat data collection on the same slope to collect data on two separate days at the slope scale from two environmentally different sites (windy and sheltered), thereby capturing temporal changes in the spatial variability of our results. In contrast to previous fracture propagation test research, our data demonstrates considerable spatial variability in fracture propagation potential. Interestingly, at both the windy and sheltered sites the first sampling day demonstrated a relatively random distribution of fracture propagation potential results, while the second sampling day for both sites showed evidence of increased resistance to propagation as well as increased spatial clustering at the scale of our observations. Since distinct clustering or pockets of propagation and non propagation exist on some slopes, the practical implication of our work is that it is often necessary to dig more than one snow pit on suspect slopes to assess stability, and those slopes might be more accurately assessed by widely (greater than 10 m) spaced measurements. Though our data are limited, these results represent the first statistically demonstrated temporal change in snowpack spatial variability at the slope scale. However, in order to definitively address the question of temporal changes in spatial patterns, much more work is needed on many slopes with varying weak layers and snowpack conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hendrikx, Jordy; Clark, Martyn] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Birkeland, Karl] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. RP Hendrikx, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM j.hendrikx@niwa.co.nz RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015; OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625; Hendrikx, Jordy/0000-0001-6194-3596 FU New Zealand Royal Society International Science and Technology Linkages; US Forest Service National Avalanche Centre FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge the support from the New Zealand Royal Society International Science and Technology Linkages Fund for the travel funding, support from the US Forest Service National Avalanche Centre, the land owners for access to their property at Beehive Basin (Lewis Bishop), the Yellowstone Club for access to one of the field sites and providing two patrollers (Doug Catherine and Doug McCabe) to help dig and take observations, and the assistance from the forecasters at the Gallatin National Forest Avalanche Centre (Ron Johnson) and students from Montana State University (Taro Chesley, Jared Nelson, and Patrick Staron). NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.12.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 444PT UT WOS:000265993600012 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Evans, RG AF Kim, Y. Evans, R. G. TI Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific irrigation SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Software; Wireless network; Sensors; Control; Automation; Water management; Bluetooth; GPS ID NETWORK; SYSTEM AB In-field sensor-based site-specific irrigation management is of benefit to producers for efficient water management. Integration of the decision making process with the controls is a viable option for determining when and where to irrigate, and how much water to apply. This research presents the design of decision Support software and its integration with an in-field wireless sensor network (WSN) to implement site-specific sprinkler irrigation control via Bluetooth wireless Communication. Wireless in-field sensing and control (WISC) software was designed by four major design factors that provide real-time monitoring and control of both inputs (field data) and outputs (sprinkler controls) by simple click-and-play menu using graphical user interface (GUI), and optimized to adapt changes of crop design, irrigation pattern, and held location. The WISC software provides remote access to in-field micrometeorological information from the distributed WSN and variable-rate irrigation control. An algorithm for nozzle sequencing was developed to stagger nozzle-on operations so as evenly distributed over the 60-s cycle. Sensor-based closed-loop irrigation was highly correlated to catch can water with r(2) = 0.98. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, Y.; Evans, R. G.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM james.kim@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2009.01.007 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 441NV UT WOS:000265776800007 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP Xu, SS Baenziger, PS AF Jauhar, Prem P. Xu, Steven S. Baenziger, P. Stephen TI Haploidy in Cultivated Wheats: Induction and Utility in Basic and Applied Research SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID X MAIZE CROSSES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; GREEN PLANT-REGENERATION; HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO ANDROGENESIS; ISOLATED MICROSPORE CULTURE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; WHITE SPRING WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; ANTHER CULTURE AB The usefulness of haploid plants in basic research in cytogenetics, genetics, evolution, and practical plant breeding is well known. Haploid plants provide an efficient research tool for studies on induced mutagenesis and genetic transformation. They also help elucidate the genetic control of chromosome pairing inherently present in allopolyploids such as bread wheat, durum wheat, and oats. Genetic control of chromosome pairing in haploid nuclei has helped in assessing intergenomic relationships. By analyzing the degree and specificity of chromosome pairing in the Ph1- and ph1b-euhaploids (2n = 3x = 21; ABD), we demonstrated that the A and D genomes of wheat are more closely related to each other than either one is to the B genome. It is significant that the totipotent nature of a haploid cell is being exploited in several facets of biological research. In addition to its numerous applications in basic research, the haploidy approach provides an efficient means of producing truly homozygous lines, thereby accelerating the breeding process. Wheat cultivars developed from doubled haploids (DHs) have been released for cultivation in Canada, China, Europe, and Brazil. General characteristics and classification of haploids derived from diploid and polyploid species are provided in this article. Methods of extracting haploids of polyploid wheats are described, and applications of haploidy in basic and applied research are discussed. C1 [Jauhar, Prem P.; Xu, Steven S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Baenziger, P. Stephen] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prem.jauhar@ndsu.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 162 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 36 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 737 EP 755 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0462 PG 19 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500001 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, N Curley, J Frederick, RD Hyten, DL Nelson, RL Hartman, GL Diers, BW AF Chakraborty, Nanda Curley, Joe Frederick, Reid D. Hyten, David L. Nelson, Randall L. Hartman, Glen L. Diers, Brian W. TI Mapping and Confirmation of a New Allele at Rpp1 from Soybean PI 594538A Conferring RB Lesion-Type Resistance to Soybean Rust SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; GOLDENGATE ASSAY; ASIAN RUST; 2 LOCI; GENES; INHERITANCE; GREENHOUSE; MARKERS; YIELD AB Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi (H. Sydow & Sydow), is a destructive soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] disease and identification of new resistance genes is essential for effective rust management. Our research objectives were to map and confirm the location of resistance gene(s) in PI 594538A using a population of 98 F(3:4) lines from a cross between PI 594538A (reddish-brown [RB] lesions) and the susceptible cultivar Loda (tan [TAN] lesions). The lines were inoculated with the P. pachyrhizi isolate ZM01-1 from Zimbabwe. The RB resistance in PI 594538A mapped on linkage group G as a single dominant gene. This gene is likely an allele of Rpp1 or a new closely linked gene because it mapped within 1 cM of Rpp1 and ZM01-1 produced RB lesions on PI 594538A and TAN lesions on PI 200492, the original source of Rpp1. The mapping of the new Rpp1 allele, named Rpp1-b, was confirmed in a second population. C1 [Chakraborty, Nanda; Curley, Joe; Diers, Brian W.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Frederick, Reid D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Hyten, David L.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.; Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chakraborty, N (reprint author), Syngenta Seeds Inc, 317 330th St, Stanton, MN 55018 USA. EM nanda.chakraborty@syngenta.com RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 FU United Soybean Board FX This research was supported by the United Soybean Board. We thank JoAnn Bowers for technical assistance with the plant propagation and inoculation experiments at the FDWSRU. NR 49 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0335 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500005 ER PT J AU Pimratch, S Jogloy, S Vorasoot, N Toomsan, B Kesmala, T Patanothai, A Holbrook, CC AF Pimratch, S. Jogloy, S. Vorasoot, N. Toomsan, B. Kesmala, T. Patanothai, A. Holbrook, C. C. TI Heritability of N-2 Fixation Traits, and Phenotypic and Genotypic Correlations between N-2 Fixation Traits with Drought Resistance Traits and Yield in Peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NORTHEAST THAILAND; CHLOROPHYLL METER; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; LEAF-AREA; GROUNDNUT; CULTIVARS; CAPACITY AB Drought stress reduces growth and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and also reduces nitrogen fixation (NF). Peanut production in drought prone areas should be enhanced by the development of cultivars that can fix more nitrogen (N) under drought conditions. The aims of this study were to estimate heritability for NF and to estimate phenotypic and genotypic correlations among traits related to NF with drought-resistance traits and yield under well-watered and drought conditions. A total of 140 lines in the F-4:7 and F-4:8 generations derived from four crosses, parental lines, and a non-nodulating line as a non-N-2-fixing reference plant were evaluated in the dry seasons 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. These lines were evaluated in rhizobium inoculated soil without N fertilizer under field capacity (FC) and 2/3 available soil water (AW). Data were recorded for specific leaf area (SLA), SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), nodule number (NN), nodule dry weight (NDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), pod dry weight (PDW), total dry weight (TDW), harvest index (HI), and NF. Broad-sense heritability (h(b)(2)) and narrow-sense heritability (h(n)(2)) estimates for NF under FC and 2/3 AW were in the same ranges (h(b)(2) = 0.84 to 0.98 and h(n)(2) = 0.29 to 0.39). Positive relationships between NF under FC and 2/3 AW (r = 0.73, P <= 0.01) indicated that selection for the lines that fixed high N under well-watered conditions should produce lines that fixed high N under drought conditions. Selection for NF under drought conditions might be more effective in improving yield because of a higher correlation between NF and PDW (r(G) = 0.43, P <= 0.01) under drought conditions than under FC (r(G) = 0.13). The use of SCMR and SLA as surrogate traits for NF would be less effective than direct selection because of weak correlations between these traits and NF. C1 [Pimratch, S.; Jogloy, S.; Vorasoot, N.; Toomsan, B.; Kesmala, T.; Patanothai, A.] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Agr, Dep Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Holbrook, C. C.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jogloy, S (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Agr, Dep Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. EM sanun@kku.ac.th FU Royal Golden Jubilee [PHD/0106/2547]; Thailand Research Fund; Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University FX The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant no. PHD/0106/2547) the Senior Research Scholar Project of Professor Dr. Aran Patanothai, and partial support by the Basic Research for Supporting Groundnut Varietal Improvement for Drought Tolerance Project under the Thailand Research Fund. Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University The contribution of Dr. Viboon Pensuk (Udon Thani Rajabhat University) for his research facility and equipment are gratefully acknowledged. We thank the work of many people ill field data collection and processing. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 791 EP 800 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0331 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500006 ER PT J AU Li, SX AF Li, Shuxian TI Reaction of Soybean Rust-Resistant Lines Identified in Paraguay to Mississippi Isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIRULENCE; EPIDEMICS; YIELD; GENE AB Phakopsora pachyrhizi is the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (ASR). Since the discovery of ASR in North America in 2004, evaluation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines with U.S. isolates has become an important objective to identify resistance sources to the pathogen. In this study, 10 plant introductions (PIs) previously identified as resistant in Paraguay were evaluated using three ASR isolates from Mississippi. Soybean cultivars Williams 82 and Freedom, and four PIs with known single genes for resistance to P. pachyrhizi also were included as susceptible and resistant checks, respectively. Replicated experiments were conducted in growth chambers at the USDA-ARS Stoneville Research Quarantine Facility in Mississippi. Soybean line PI 567102B was identified as the most resistant line among the 10 resistant PIs identified in Paraguay. It had the lowest severity rating, no sporulation, and near immune/hypersensitive reaction to isolate MS07-2, and red-brown (RB) reactions to isolates MS06-1 and MS07-1. In addition, reaction of PI 567102B to ASR differed from that of four PIs with known resistance genes. PI 200492 (Rpp1) had immune reaction to all three Mississippi isolates, while PI 230970 (Rpp2), PI 462312 (Rpp3), and PI 459025B (Rpp4) had RB lesions with different sporulation ratings. Soybean lines having resistant reactions to both U.S. and Paraguay isolates may be important sources for developing elite cultivars with broad resistance to ASR. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, SX (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM xian.li@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 887 EP 894 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0305 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500018 ER PT J AU Tavaud-Pirra, M Sartre, P Nelson, R Santoni, S Texier, N Roumet, P AF Tavaud-Pirra, M. Sartre, P. Nelson, R. Santoni, S. Texier, N. Roumet, P. TI Genetic Diversity in a Soybean Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVATED SOYBEANS; CORE COLLECTIONS; SSR MARKERS; CHINESE; WILD; GENOME; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; ACCESSIONS; RICHNESS AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was domesticated in China, and cultivated landraces were initially distributed throughout Asia and more recently extended to Europe and America. Previous studies of genetic diversity suggest a strong genetic bottleneck between Asian and North American soybean genetic pools. However, little is known about the potentially useful genetic diversity present in European soybean germplasm. We evaluated genetic diversity by phenotypic characterization and by comparing nuclear and cytoplasmic microsatellites in 301 genotypes of an INRA soybean collection with those of 31 European breeding lines and 17 ancestors from American cultivars (representing 83% of the North America diversity). We showed that the INRA collection contains 14 and 8% more diversity than the European breeding lines and American ancestors, respectively, based on Nei diversity (He). The genetic structure of this INRA collection does not correlate with either geographic origin or phenotypic differentiation. We generated a core collection composed of 50 accessions from the INRA collection and European breeding lines. This core collection contains 203 of the 226 microsatellite marker alleles available for this germplasm and is also representative of the diversity of morphological traits in temperate regions (maturity 000 to 111), which will be useful for future breeding programs. C1 [Tavaud-Pirra, M.; Sartre, P.; Texier, N.; Roumet, P.] INRA UMR DIAPC, F-34130 Mauguio, France. [Nelson, R.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Santoni, S.] INRA UMR DIAPC, F-34060 Montpellier, France. RP Tavaud-Pirra, M (reprint author), INRA UMR DIAPC, F-34130 Mauguio, France. EM Muriel.Tavaud@supagro.inra.fr FU Groupement d'Interet Economique des Selectionneurs de Soja (GIE Soja France) FX The authors would like to thank anonymous reviewers for their comments of the manuscript. Special thanks to the Groupement d'Interet Economique des Selectionneurs de Soja (GIE Soja France) for the financial support of this work. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 895 EP 902 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.05.0266 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500019 ER PT J AU Ren, C Bilyeu, KD Beuselinck, PR AF Ren, C. Bilyeu, K. D. Beuselinck, P. R. TI Composition, Vigor, and Proteome of Mature Soybean Seeds Developed under High Temperature SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; IN-GEL DIGESTION; GLYCINE-MAX; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FORMATE DEHYDROGENASE; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AIR-TEMPERATURE AB The effects of high temperature treatment on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition, vigor, and proteome were investigated using mature dry seeds harvested from plants grown in environment-controlled chambers. High day/night temperatures (37/30 degrees C) from stages R5 through R8 altered ratios of individual fatty acids to total fatty acid compared to the control (27/18 degrees C). Concentration of sugars decreased, but total protein and phytic acid concentration were unchanged. High temperature resulted in a greater proportion of abnormal seeds, but normal-appearing seed exhibited reduced germination and vigor. Proteomic analysis detected 20 protein identities whose accumulations were changed by the high temperature. Fourteen spots were identified as seven subunits of seed storage proteins. The remaining six proteins were identified as those responding to abiotic stresses or having a function in respiration: (i) sucrose binding protein, (ii) Class III acidic endochitinase, (iii) heat shock protein (HSP22), (iv) late embryo abundant protein, (v) Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor, and (vi) formate dehydrogenase. High temperature during seed development changed soybean seed composition and decreased seed vigor, but also changed seed protein expression profiles. C1 [Bilyeu, K. D.] ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu NR 90 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 24 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1022 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.05.0247 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500032 ER PT J AU Viator, RP Johnson, RM Boykin, DL Richard, EP AF Viator, Ryan P. Johnson, Richard M. Boykin, Deborah L. Richard, Edward P., Jr. TI Sugarcane Postharvest Residue Management in a Temperate Climate SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL; PLANT; GROWTH; DECOMPOSITION; QUEENSLAND; RETENTION; AUSTRALIA; NITROGEN; QUALITY; YIELDS AB Full retention of sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) postharvest residue may reduce ratoon crop yields. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different residue removal timings and methods on sugarcane yield. A two-factor (timing and method) experiment was conducted on both clay and silt loam soils in southeastern Louisiana. Removal timings consisted of the following physiological stages: predormancy, complete dormancy, intermediate dormancy, and postdormancy. Removal methods consisted of partial removal from the row top by mechanical means, complete removal by burning, and no removal (control) applied to first, second, and third ratoons. Sugar yields following burning at predormancy (6800 kg ha(-1)), complete dormancy (6610 kg ha(-1)), and mechanical removal at predormancy (6500 kg ha(-1)) were greater than the control (6190 kg ha(-1)) for all ratoons. Burning at postdormancy decreased sugar yields by 440 kg ha(-1) relative to the control. Ratoons, responded similarly to the residue management practices evaluated, and effects were consistent on both clay and silt loam soils. Results show that the residue generated during the green-cane harvesting of sugarcane in Louisiana should be removed from harvested fields as soon after harvest as possible to ensure optimum yields of subsequent ratoon crops. C1 [Viator, Ryan P.; Johnson, Richard M.; Richard, Edward P., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Boykin, Deborah L.] ARS, USDA, Mid S Area Off, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Viator, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ryan.viator@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.07.0406 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500033 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Northup, BK AF Rao, Srinivas C. Northup, Brian K. TI Capabilities of Four Novel Warm-Season Legumes in the Southern Great Plains: Biomass and Forage Quality SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIVE-VALUE; GRAIN-YIELD; WHEAT; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; PIGEONPEA; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS AB Grain (pulse) legumes could provide high nitrogen (N), late summer forage for stocker cattle in the southern Great Plains (SGP). This study evaluated the forage yield and nutritive value of tropical annual legumes that were relatively uncommon in the SGP, at a site (35 degrees 40' N, 98 degrees 00' W) in central Oklahoma. Included were cultivars of pigeon pea ([Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], cv. GA-2), guar ([Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], cv. Kinman), cowpea ([Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp.], cv. Chinese red), and mung bean ([Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.], cv. Berkins), and grain soybean ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv. Hutcheson) was used as a control. Seeds were inoculated and planted (60-cm row spacing at 10 seeds m(-1) row length) annually in mid-June 2003 through 2006. Aboveground samples were collected on six dates, from 45 to 120 d since planting. Soybean, pigeon pea, and guar averaged 3560, 3439, and 3321 kg ha(-1), while mung bean and cowpea averaged 2918 and 2405 kg ha-1, respectively. Mung bean and cowpea accumulated the least N (70 and 65 kg N ha(-1)), while soybean, guar, and pigeon pea yielded 100, 93, and 77 kg N ha(-1), respectively. Digestibility of cowpea, mung bean, soybean, and guar were similar (757 to 825 g kg(-1)), while pigeon pea was least digestible (634 g kg(-1)). These pulse legumes could provide producers in the SGP with options other than soybean for generating forage or biological N. C1 [Rao, Srinivas C.; Northup, Brian K.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM srinivas.rao@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1096 EP 1102 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0499 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500042 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Northup, BK AF Rao, Srinivas C. Northup, Brian K. TI Capabilities of Four Novel Warm-Season Legumes in the Southern Great Plains: Grain Production and Quality SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM; YIELD; PERFORMANCE; PIGEONPEA; SYSTEMS; GRASS; GUAR AB Grain legumes could serve as a low cost nitrogen (N) and energy source for animal production in the southern Great Plains (SGP). This study evaluated the yield and nutritive value of grains of tropical annual legumes novel to the SGP. Included were cultivars of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] (cv. GA-2), guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] (cv. Kinman), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Q. Walp.] (cv. Chinese red), mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.] (cv. Berkins), and the grain soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (cv. Hutcheson) as a control. Seeds were inoculated and planted (60-cm row spacing) annually in mid-June 2004 through 2006. Seeding rates were varied to achieve 10 seeds m(-1) row length. Grain was harvested at the end of growing seasons (90-120 d since planting), and grain samples were ground (1.0 mm) and analyzed for N concentration and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM). Significant (P < 0.05) year x legume interactions were recorded for all characteristics, with variable legume responses among years. Guar produced both the highest (2730 kg ha(-1) in 2004) and lowest (897 kg ha-1 in 2005) grain yields. Nitrogen concentrations were the highest in soybean grain (60.2-60.7 g kg(-1)) and consistently the lowest in pigeon pea (33.3-34.9 g kg(-1)). Soybean grain had the highest IVDDM (968-969 g kg(-1)), while pigeon pea had the consistently lowest digestibility (890-894 g kg(-1)). The four novel legumes produced grains that meet the nutritional requirements for all classes of stocker or feeder cattle. C1 [Rao, Srinivas C.; Northup, Brian K.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM srinivas.rao@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1103 EP 1108 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0469 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447TK UT WOS:000266214500043 ER PT J AU Nisbet, DJ Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Krueger, N AF Nisbet, David J. Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, T. S. Anderson, Robin C. Krueger, N. TI Effects of the Dicarboxylic Acids Malate and Fumarate on E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Populations in Pure Culture and in Mixed Ruminal Microorganism Fermentations SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ORGANIC-ACIDS; LACTATE UTILIZATION; CATTLE; MONENSIN; BEEF; PREVALENCE; EFFICIENCY; RESISTANT AB The dicarboxylic acids malate and fumarate increase ruminal pH, reduce methane production, increase propionate and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and reduce lactic acid accumulation in a manner similar to ionophores. These acids stimulate the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium to ferment lactate to produce propionate. Thus, dicarboxylic acids have been suggested as nonantibiotic modifiers of the ruminal fermentation, but their impact on ruminal microbial ecology remains unknown. This study was designed to examine what effects these modifiers may have on intestinal pathogen populations such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and S. enterica Typhimurium prior to their widespread incorporation into cattle rations. Pure cultures of E. coli O157:H7 strain 933 and S. enterica Typhimurium were grown with malate and fumarate added at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mM (v/v; n = 3). Neither dicarboxylic acid inhibited (p > 0.1) the growth rate or final populations of E. coli O157:H7 or S. enterica Typhimurium. Ruminal fluid was collected from cattle (n = 2) and E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica Typhimurium were added to separate ruminal fermentations incubated for 24 h at 39A degrees C. Fumarate and malate were added at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mM (v/v; n = 2) and incubated for 24 h at 39A degrees C. Malate or fumarate addition did not affect (p > 0.1) populations of E. coli O157:H7 or S. enterica Typhimurium. However, the final pH was increased (p < 0.05), the acetate:propionate ratio was decreased (p < 0.05), and the total VFA production was increased (p < 0.05) by a parts per thousand yen10 mM dicarboxylic acid addition. These results confirm that dicarboxylic acids can modify ruminal fermentation, but they do not affect populations of critical foodborne pathogens. C1 [Nisbet, David J.; Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, T. S.; Anderson, Robin C.; Krueger, N.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 58 IS 5 BP 488 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s00284-008-9351-1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 430HJ UT WOS:000264979900015 PM 19194750 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Manter, DK AF Hunter, William J. Manter, Daniel K. TI Reduction of Selenite to Elemental Red Selenium by Pseudomonas sp Strain CA5 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; THAUERA-SELENATIS; NITRATE REDUCTASE; VEGETABLE-OIL; SP-NOV; RESISTANCE; TELLURITE; PROTEOBACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; GROUNDWATER AB A Pseudomonas sp. that may be useful in bioremediation projects was isolated from soil. The strain is of potential value because it reduces selenite to elemental red selenium and is unusual in that it was resistant to high concentrations of both selenate and selenite. Exposure of the strain to 50, 100, and 150 mM selenite reduced growth by 28, 57, and 66%, respectively, while no change in growth was observed when the strain was exposed to 64 mM selenate, the highest level tested. Cells of the strain removed 1.7 mM selenite from the culture fluid during a 7-day incubation. A selenite reductase with a molecular weight of similar to 115 kD was detected in cell-free extracts and a protein with a molecular weight of similar to 700 kD was detected that reduced both selenate and nitrate. The bacterial isolate is a strict aerobe, reducing selenite to elemental red selenium under aerobic conditions only. Pseudomonas sp. strain CA5 might be useful as an inoculum for bioreactors used to harvest selenium from selenite-containing groundwater. 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment and fatty acid analysis were used to identify the bacterium as a novel species of Pseudomonas related to P. argentinensis, P. flavescens, and P. straminea. C1 [Hunter, William J.; Manter, Daniel K.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 58 IS 5 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1007/s00284-009-9358-2 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 430HJ UT WOS:000264979900016 PM 19189180 ER PT J AU Bischoff, KM Wicklow, DT Jordan, DB de Rezende, ST Liu, SQ Hughes, SR Rich, JO AF Bischoff, Kenneth M. Wicklow, Donald T. Jordan, Douglas B. de Rezende, Sebastiao T. Liu, Siqing Hughes, Stephen R. Rich, Joseph O. TI Extracellular Hemicellulolytic Enzymes from the Maize Endophyte Acremonium zeae SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHANOL FERMENTATION RESIDUE; CORN FIBER; CEPHALOSPORIUM-ACREMONIUM; WHEAT ARABINOXYLAN; SACCHARIFICATION; STRAIN; PURIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS AB Microorganisms that colonize plants require a number of hydrolytic enzymes to help degrade the cell wall. The maize endophyte Acremonium zeae was surveyed for production of extracellular enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose. The most prominent enzyme activity in cell-free culture medium from A. zeae NRRL 6415 was xylanase, with a specific activity of 60 U/mg from cultures grown on crude corn fiber. Zymogram analysis following SDS-PAGE indicated six functional xylanase polypeptides of the following masses: 51, 44, 34, 29, 23, and 20 kDa. Xylosidase (0.39 U/mg), arabinofuranosidase (1.2 U/mg), endoglucanase (2.3 U/mg), cellobiohydrolase (1.3 U/mg), and beta-glucosidase (0.85 U/mg) activities were also detected. Although apparently possessing a full complement of hemicellulolytic activities, cell-free culture supernatants prepared from A. zeae required an exogenously added xylosidase to release more than 90% of the xylose and 80% of the arabinose from corn cob and wheat arabinoxylans. The hydrolytic enzymes from A. zeae may be suitable for application in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. C1 [Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Wicklow, Donald T.; Jordan, Douglas B.; de Rezende, Sebastiao T.; Liu, Siqing; Hughes, Stephen R.; Rich, Joseph O.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bischoff, KM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.bischoff@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 58 IS 5 BP 499 EP 503 DI 10.1007/s00284-008-9353-z PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 430HJ UT WOS:000264979900017 PM 19184610 ER PT J AU Mavros, Y Simar, D Singh, MAF AF Mavros, Yorgi Simar, David Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Glucose Tranporter-4 expression in monocytes: A systematic review SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Monocyte; GLUT-4; Diabetes; Insulin resistance; Flow cytometry ID CIRCULATING MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; FIBER TYPE; RECRUITMENT; METABOLISM; INCREASES; BINDING AB Objective: The purpose of this review was to systematically assess the extent of current knowledge of Glucose Tranporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression in monocytes in humans to address its potential use as a non-invasive and reliable model to investigate the relationships between insulin signalling, GLUT-4 expression and insulin action in vivo. Method: Electronic database searches were performed with the keywords 'monocyte', 'leukocyte' and 'white blood cells', and the terms 'GLUT', 'glucose transporter' and 'SLC2A4' (solute carrier family 2 member 4). Studies were examined for robustness of design and outcomes by consensus of three reviewers. Results: Six cross-sectional or observational studies met the criteria for review. Insulin-stimulated GLUT-4 expression in monocytes from subjects likely to have impaired insulin sensitivity appeared blunted relative to healthy subjects. Conclusion: The available results provide evidence that monocyte GLUT-4 translocation does occurin response to acute insulin exposure, and maybe sensitive to the relative state of insulin resistance of the individual. However, due to the limited quantity and robustness of published data, the ultimate utility of monocyte GLUT-4 expression as an index of whole body insulin responsiveness and the clinical relevance of this methodology is unresolved at this time. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mavros, Yorgi; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. [Simar, David] Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ct, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mavros, Y (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, East St, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. EM ymav5521@mail.usyd.edu.au OI Mavros, Yorgi/0000-0002-2588-0425; Simar, David/0000-0002-3862-1932 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.02.014 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 440ZD UT WOS:000265737400003 PM 19286271 ER PT J AU Heuck, KA Ellestad, LE Proudman, JA Porter, TE AF Heuck, K. A. Ellestad, L. E. Proudman, J. A. Porter, T. E. TI Somatotropin response in vitro to corticosterone and triiodothyronine during chick embryonic development: Involvement of type I and type II glucocorticoid receptors SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Growth hormone; Thyroid hormone; Glucocorticoids; Glucocorticoid receptor ID GROWTH-HORMONE GENE; GH-RELEASING HORMONE; RAT PITUITARY-GLAND; THYROID-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTORS; POSTHATCH CHICKENS; CELLS; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION AB Corticosterone (CORT) can stimulate growth hormone (GH) secretion on embryonic day (e) 12 in the chicken. However, CORT failed to induce GH secretion on e20 in a single report, suggesting that regulation of GH production changes during embryonic development. Secretion in response to CORT during embryonic development is modulated by the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T-3) and thyroxine (T-4). Growth hormone responses on e12 involve both glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR); however, involvement of MR has not been evaluated past e12. To further define changes in somatotroph responsiveness to CORT, pituitary cells obtained on e12-e20 were cultured with CORT alone and in combination with T3 and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH). Growth hormone mRNA levels and protein secretion were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and radioimmunoassay (RIA), respectively. Corticosterone significantly increased GH mRNA and protein secretion on e 12; however, mRNA concentration and protein secretion were unaffected on e20. Contributions of GR and MR in CORT responses were evaluated using GR and MR antagonists. Treatment with a GR-specific antagonist effectively blocked the CORT-induced increase in GH secretion on e12. The same treatment on e20 had no effect on GH secretion. These findings demonstrate that GR is directly involved in glucocorticoid stimulation of GH secretion at the time of somatotroph differentiation but is not regulatory at the end of embryonic development. We conclude that positive somatotroph responses to CORT are lost during chicken embryonic development and that GR is the primary regulator of CORT-induced GH secretion. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All fights reserved. C1 [Heuck, K. A.; Ellestad, L. E.; Porter, T. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ellestad, L. E.; Porter, T. E.] Univ Maryland, Program Mol & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Proudman, J. A.] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Porter, TE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, Bldg 142, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM teporter@umd.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [03-035206-12836, 00-035206-9463]; Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service; National Research Initiative, Competitive Grants Program; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Edinburgh Research Station, AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland FX This research was supported by grants #03-035206-12836 and #00-035206-9463 (to T.E.P.) from the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, National Research Initiative, Competitive Grants Program. The monoclonal antibody, mAB 6F5, used in the sandwich ELISA assay for chicken GH was kindly provided by Dr. B. Houston of the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Edinburgh Research Station, AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 EI 1879-0054 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.11.005 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 436VT UT WOS:000265444900002 PM 19157766 ER PT J AU Wilsey, BJ Teaschner, TB Daneshgar, PP Isbell, FI Polley, HW AF Wilsey, Brian J. Teaschner, Terri B. Daneshgar, Pedram P. Isbell, Forest I. Polley, H. Wayne TI Biodiversity maintenance mechanisms differ between native and novel exotic-dominated communities SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE biodiversity loss; biodiversity-ecosystem functioning; grasslands; invasive species; net biodiversity effect; novel ecosystems; restoration ecology; species diversity; species richness; tallgrass prairie ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; INVASIVE PLANTS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; INTRODUCED GRASS; SOIL RESOURCES; EVENNESS; INVASIBILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY AB In many systems, native communities are being replaced by novel exotic-dominated ones. We experimentally compared species diversity decline between nine-species grassland communities under field conditions to test whether diversity maintenance mechanisms differed between communities containing all exotic or all native species using a pool of 40 species. Aboveground biomass was greater in exotic than native plots, and this difference was larger in mixtures than in monocultures. Species diversity declined more in exotic than native communities and declines were explained by different mechanisms. In exotic communities, overyielding species had high biomass in monoculture and diversity declined linearly as this selection effect increased. In native communities, however, overyielding species had low biomass in monoculture and there was no relationship between the selection effect and diversity decline. This suggests that, for this system, yielding behaviour is fundamentally different between presumably co-evolved natives and coevolutionarily naive exotic species, and that native-exotic status is important to consider. C1 [Wilsey, Brian J.; Teaschner, Terri B.; Daneshgar, Pedram P.; Isbell, Forest I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Polley, H. Wayne] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Wilsey, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bwilsey@iastate.edu RI Isbell, Forest/C-6915-2012; OI Isbell, Forest/0000-0001-9689-769X; Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 64 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01298.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430TB UT WOS:000265010400006 PM 19379137 ER PT J AU Isbell, FI Polley, HW Wilsey, BJ AF Isbell, Forest I. Polley, H. Wayne Wilsey, Brian J. TI Biodiversity, productivity and the temporal stability of productivity: patterns and processes SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning; complementarity effect; ecosystem conservation; evenness; facilitation; long-term data; net biodiversity effect; niche partitioning; richness; selection effect ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY; COMPETITIVE COMMUNITIES; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; OLD-FIELD; COMPLEMENTARITY; RICHNESS; EVENNESS; SELECTION AB Theory predicts that the temporal stability of productivity, measured as the ratio of the mean to the standard deviation of community biomass, increases with species richness and evenness. We used experimental species mixtures of grassland plants to test this hypothesis and identified the mechanisms involved. Additionally, we tested whether biodiversity, productivity and temporal stability were similarly influenced by particular types of species interactions. We found that productivity was less variable among years in plots planted with more species. Temporal stability did not depend on whether the species were planted equally abundant (high evenness) or not (realistically low evenness). Greater richness increased temporal stability by increasing overyielding, asynchrony of species fluctuations and statistical averaging. Species interactions that favoured unproductive species increased both biodiversity and temporal stability. Species interactions that resulted in niche partitioning or facilitation increased both productivity and temporal stability. Thus, species interactions can promote biodiversity and ecosystem services. C1 [Isbell, Forest I.; Wilsey, Brian J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Polley, H. Wayne] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Isbell, FI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM isbell@iastate.edu RI Isbell, Forest/C-6915-2012; OI Isbell, Forest/0000-0001-9689-769X; Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 47 TC 119 Z9 131 U1 15 U2 153 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01299.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430TB UT WOS:000265010400007 PM 19379138 ER PT J AU Angers, RC Seward, TS Napier, D Green, M Hoover, E Spraker, T O'Rourke, K Balachandran, A Telling, GC AF Angers, Rachel C. Seward, Tanya S. Napier, Dana Green, Michael Hoover, Edward Spraker, Terry O'Rourke, Katherine Balachandran, Aru Telling, Glenn C. TI Chronic Wasting Disease Prions in Elk Antler Velvet SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; MICE EXPRESSING HUMAN; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; TRANSGENIC MICE; MULE DEER; VARIANT CJD; TRANSMISSION; PROTEIN; SCRAPIE AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, fatal prion disease of deer and elk that continues to emerge in new locations. To explore the means by which prions are transmitted with high efficiency among cervids, we examined prion infectivity in the apical skin layer covering the growing antler (antler velvet) by using CWD-susceptible transgenic mice and protein misfolding cyclic amplification. Our finding of prions in antler velvet of CWD-affected elk suggests that this tissue may play a role in disease transmission among cervids. Humans who consume antler velvet as a nutritional supplement are at risk for exposure to prions. The fact that CWD prion incubation times in transgenic mice expressing elk prion protein are consistently more rapid raises the possibility that residue 226, the sole primary structural difference between deer and elk prion protein, may be a major determinant of CWD pathogenesis. C1 [Angers, Rachel C.; Seward, Tanya S.; Napier, Dana; Green, Michael; Telling, Glenn C.] Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Hoover, Edward; Spraker, Terry] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Rourke, Katherine] USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [Balachandran, Aru] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Telling, GC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, 800 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM gtell2@uky.edu FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [2RO1NS040334-04]; National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Specific Cooperative Agreement [N01-AI-25491, 1 P01 AI077774-01]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-5348-6-131]; Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegeneration [T32 DA022738] FX This work was supported by grants 2RO1NS040334-04 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, N01-AI-25491 and 1 P01 AI077774-01 front the National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5348-6-131 from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. R.C.A. was supported by the T32 DA022738 Training Program in Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegeneration. NR 36 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 696 EP 703 DI 10.3201/eid1505.081458 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800002 PM 19402954 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Pasnik, DJ Bohnsack, JF AF Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. Pasnik, David J. Bohnsack, John F. TI Human Streptococcus agalactiae Isolate in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCUS; DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HUMAN NEONATAL INFECTIONS; FISH; BOVINE; KUWAIT; MICE AB Streptococcus agalactiae, the Lancefield group B streptococcus (GBS) long recognized as a mammalian pathogen is an emerging concern with regard to fish. We show that a GBS serotype la multilocus sequence type ST-7 isolate from a clinical case of human neonatal meningitis caused disease and death in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). C1 [Evans, Joyce J.] ARS, USDA, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA, Auburn, AL USA. [Bohnsack, John F.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 118B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM joyce.evans@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 34 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 774 EP 776 DI 10.3201/eid1505.080222 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 437WY UT WOS:000265518800014 PM 19402966 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Tilghman, SL Elliott, S Zimmerman, MC Williams, KY Payton-Stewart, F Miraflor, AP Howell, MH Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, CH Segar, C Beckman, BS Wiese, TE Cleveland, TE McLachlan, JA Burow, ME AF Boue, Stephen M. Tilghman, Syreeta L. Elliott, Steven Zimmerman, M. Carla Williams, K. Y. Payton-Stewart, Florastina Miraflor, Allen P. Howell, Melanie H. Shih, Betty Y. Carter-Wientjes, Carol H. Segar, Chris Beckman, Barbara S. Wiese, Thomas E. Cleveland, Thomas E. McLachlan, John A. Burow, Matthew E. TI Identification of the Potent Phytoestrogen Glycinol in Elicited Soybean (Glycine max) SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; PHYTOALEXIN SYNTHESIS; GLYCEOLLIN-I; COUMESTROL; BETA; ISOFLAVONOIDS; INDUCTION; SOY AB The primary induced isoflavones in soybean, the glyceollins, have been shown to be potent estrogen antagonists in vitro and in vivo. The discovery of the glyceollins' ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation has led to the analysis of estrogenic activities of other induced isoflavones. In this study, we investigated a novel isoflavone, glycinol, a precursor to glyceollin that is produced in elicited soy. Sensitive and specific in vitro bioassays were used to determine that glycinol exhibits potent estrogenic activity. Estrogen-based reporter assays were performed, and glycinol displayed a marked estrogenic effect on estrogen receptor (ER) signaling between 1 and 10 mu M, which correlated with comparable colony formation of MCF-7 cells at 10 mu M. Glycinol also induced the expression of estrogen-responsive genes (progesterone receptor and stromal-cell-derived factor-1). Competitive binding assays revealed a high affinity of glycinol for both ER alpha (IC(50) = 13.8 nM) and ER beta (IC(50) = 9.1 nM). In addition, ligand receptor modeling (docking) studies were performed and glycinol was shown to bind similarly to both ER alpha and ER beta. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that glycinol is estrogenic and may represent an important component of the health effects of soy-based foods. (Endocrinology 150: 2446-2453, 2009) C1 [Boue, Stephen M.; Shih, Betty Y.; Carter-Wientjes, Carol H.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Tilghman, Syreeta L.; Elliott, Steven; Payton-Stewart, Florastina; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Sect Hematol & Med Oncol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Tilghman, Syreeta L.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pulm Dis Crit Care & Environm Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Zimmerman, M. Carla; Miraflor, Allen P.; Howell, Melanie H.; Beckman, Barbara S.; McLachlan, John A.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Tilghman, Syreeta L.; Payton-Stewart, Florastina; McLachlan, John A.; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Canc Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Tilghman, Syreeta L.; Elliott, Steven; Williams, K. Y.; Beckman, Barbara S.; Wiese, Thomas E.; McLachlan, John A.; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Segar, Chris; Wiese, Thomas E.] Xavier Univ, Sch Pharm, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Boue, SM (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sboue@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DK 059389, T32-HL-07973-05]; Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation [BCTR0601198]; Office of Naval Research [N0001406-1-1136]; United States Department of Agriculture [59-6435-7-188] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Digestive Kidney Disease Research Grant DK 059389 ( to M. E. B), Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation (BCTR0601198) to M. E. B., NIH Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research ( to M. E. B. and S. L. T.), NIH National Research Service Award Training Grant T32-HL-07973-05 ( to S. L. T), Office of Naval Research N0001406-1-1136 ( to J.A.M. and M. E. B.), and United States Department of Agriculture 59-6435-7-188 ( to J.A.M. and M. E. B.). NR 49 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 150 IS 5 BP 2446 EP 2453 DI 10.1210/en.2008-1235 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 436IQ UT WOS:000265407500053 PM 19116342 ER PT J AU Mullen, CA Strahan, GD Boateng, AA AF Mullen, Charles A. Strahan, Gary D. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Characterization of Various Fast-Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by NMR Spectroscopy SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DEPT PULSE SEQUENCE; C-13 NMR; OLIVE OIL; RESIDUE AB NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H, (13)C, and DEPT spectra, was used to characterize fast-pyrolysis oils from numerous energy crops and other agricultural feedstocks. The bio-oils studied were produced from switchgrass, alfalfa stems, corn stover, guayule (whole plant and latex-extracted bagasse), and chicken litter. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra were integrated over spectral regions to quantify classes of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each bio-oil sample. DEPT spectra were used to quantify by protonation, and the number of the carbon atoms in each of those classes was used to give further information on the types of molecules that are found in the bio-oil. The NMR spectra of the bio-oils varied greatly. The percentage of carbons and protons in the upfield regions of the NMR spectra tracked with the energy content of the bio-oil as well as the feedstock type, but there was no such consistent trend for the aromatic content. Degrees of branching in the aliphatic portions of the bio-oils were inferred from percentages of CH(1), CH(2), and CH(3) groups. Aromatic portions were found to be extremely complex, with substituted aromatic carbons outnumbering unsubstituted aromatic carbons > 2:1 in most cases. Fully substituted carbons represented 27-37% of all the carbons in the sample. C1 [Mullen, Charles A.; Strahan, Gary D.; Boateng, Akwasi A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mullen, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM charles.mullen@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 23 BP 2707 EP 2718 DI 10.1021/ef801048b PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 463FX UT WOS:000267416600050 ER PT J AU Park, SH Doege, SJ Nakata, PA Korth, KL AF Park, Sang-Hyuck Doege, Sarah J. Nakata, Paul A. Korth, Kenneth L. TI Medicago truncatula-derived calcium oxalate crystals have a negative impact on chewing insect performance via their physical properties SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE barrel medic; beet armyworm; Spodoptera exigua; oxalic; Fabaceae; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; mandible wear; peritrophic membrane; cod4 ID DEVELOPING SEEDS; SILICA; DEFENSE; PLANTS; LEAVES; DIGESTIBILITY; MUTANTS; CATERPILLARS; MORPHOLOGY; INDUCTION AB Plant structural traits often act as defenses against herbivorous insects, causing them to avoid feeding on a given plant or tissue. Mineral crystals of calcium oxalate in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (Fabaceae) leaves have previously been shown to be effective deterrents of lepidopteran insect feeding. They are also inhibitors of conversion of plant material into insect body mass during or after consumption. Growth of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), larvae was correspondingly greater on calcium oxalate-defective (cod) mutants of M. truncatula with lower levels of crystal accumulation. Data presented here show that insects feeding on M. truncatula leaves with calcium oxalate crystals experience greater negative effects on growth and mandible wear than those feeding on artificial diet amended with smaller amorphous crystals from commercial preparations. Commercial calcium oxalate can be added to insect artificial diet at levels up to 7.5-fold higher than levels found in wild-type M. truncatula leaves with minimal effect on insect growth or lepidopteran mandibles. These data suggest that negative impacts of calcium oxalate in the diet of larvae are due to physical factors, and not toxicity of the compound, as high levels of the commercial crystals are readily tolerated. In contrast to the dramatic physical effects that M. truncatula-derived crystals have on insect mandibles, we could detect no damage to insect peritrophic gut membranes due to consumption of these crystals. Taken together, the data indicate that the size and shape of prismatic M. truncatula oxalate crystals are important factors in determining effects on insect growth. If manipulation of calcium oxalate is to be used in developing improved insect resistance in plants, then our findings suggest that controlling not only the overall amount, but also the size and shape of crystals, could be valuable traits in selecting desirable plant lines. C1 [Park, Sang-Hyuck; Doege, Sarah J.; Korth, Kenneth L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Nakata, Paul A.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Nakata, Paul A.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Korth, KL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, 217 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kkorth@uark.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2003-35302-13502] FX This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2003-35302-13502 (K.L.K., P.A.N.); additional support was provided by the C. Roy Adair Scholarship and the Arkansas SILO-SURF program (S.J.D.). We thank Sandy Goeke for technical assistance and Spence Behmer for helpful discussions. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 131 IS 2 BP 208 EP 215 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00846.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 431OF UT WOS:000265070500012 ER PT J AU Hoh, E Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Ngo, HL Vetter, W Pangallo, KC Reddy, CM AF Hoh, Eunha Lehotay, Steven J. Mastovska, Katerina Ngo, Helen L. Vetter, Walter Pangallo, Kristin C. Reddy, Christopher M. TI Capabilities of Direct Sample Introduction-Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Analyze Organic Chemicals of Interest in Fish Oils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; MARINE MAMMALS; TOXAPHENE CONGENERS; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; BALTIC SEA; RED ALGAE; IDENTIFICATION; WATER; MS AB Most analytical methods for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) focus on individual groups of targeted analytes. Therefore, analysis of multiple classes of POPS typically entails several sample preparations, fractionations, and injections, whereas other chemicals of possible interest are neglected or lost To analyze a wider scope of organic contaminants in fish oil, we developed an approach to combine the analysis of targeted and untargeted chemicals using an automated direct sample introduction (DSI) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/ ToF-MS). DSI-GCxGC/ToF-MS is a powerful tool that attains high quality separations to achieve high selectivity while still providing a wide analytical scope with minimal sample preparation, especially in conjunction with DSI's high tolerance to dirty extracts. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used for initial separation of lipids from POPS and other GC-amenable organic compounds from dietary cod liver oil. For comparison purposes, additional cleanup of the GPC extracts was done by silica adsorption and acidification, which helped provide clues in the identification of untargeted compounds, but in routine analysis, only GPC is needed for this analytical approach. The approach allowed simultaneous identification of known-POPs in the fish liver oils, and further permitted presumptive identifications of multiple groups of halogenated natural products (HNPs) and other organic chemicals of interest through comparisons of the mass spectra from analyses with those from mass spectral libraries and/or reports in the literature (similar to 60 PCB congeners and 76 compounds in total). Subsequent confirmations were made by reanalysis and comparison of chromatographic retention times and mass spectra with contemporaneously analyzed reference standards. Otherwise, ion fragmentation patterns of unknown compounds were assessed for tentative identifications. Some of the HNPs in the fish oils were detected and identified for the first time. Our study demonstrates that the wide monitoring scope provided by the DSI-GCxGC/ToF-MS method after GPC provides many logistical and performance advantages over the conventional use of several different methods designed for individual classes of targeted analytes after extensive sample preparation. C1 [Hoh, Eunha; Lehotay, Steven J.; Mastovska, Katerina; Ngo, Helen L.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Vetter, Walter] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Food Chem, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Pangallo, Kristin C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MIT WHOI Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & E, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Pangallo, Kristin C.; Reddy, Christopher M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hoh, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ehoh@mail.sdsu.edu; steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 9 BP 3240 EP 3247 DI 10.1021/es803486x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441PL UT WOS:000265781100045 PM 19534141 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Snyder, S Kim, J Choi, H AF Wang, Qiliang Snyder, Shane Kim, Jungwoo Choi, Heechul TI Aqueous Ethanol modified Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Bromate Reduction: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE STABILIZERS; CHLORINE-AMMONIA PROCESS; TCE DECHLORINATION; DRINKING-WATER; HUMIC-ACID; REMOVAL; PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES; GROUNDWATER AB Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) was evaluated for the reduction of bromate that is a highly persistent and carcinogenic oxyhalid formed as an ozonation byproduct during oxidative disinfection in drinking water treatment Solid-phase NZVI with different surface areas was controllably synthesized using a liquid phase reduction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and porosity analyzer were utilized to characterize particle size, surface morphology, surface area, and corrosion layers formed onto NZVI before and after the reduction of bromate. Surface area of synthesized NZVI was found to be influenced strongly by ethanol contents during synthesis with a maximum surface area of 67.51 +/- 0.35 m(2)/g in a 90% aqueous ethanol; additionally, capsule structures of NZVI with amorphous phase, in which tens of particles with diameters of 2-5 nm were packed into an iron oxide/hydroxide layer, were also synthesized using 100% ethanol as a solvent Subsequent XRD and TEM results revealed that in a 20 min bromate reduction NZVI mostly converted to Fe(2)O(3) and Fe(3)O(4) corrosion products mixed with iron hydroxides. Compared to bromate reduction using microsized ZVI in a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, NZVI enhanced the reduction efficiency following a second-order kinetic model, with observed second-order rate constants (k(obs)) of 2.57 x 10(-4) to 2.19 x 10(-3) mu g(-1)min(-1)L. Humic acid was found to be the most influencing factor to decrease NZVI reactivity in bromate reduction. However, the effect of sonication pretreatment showed that the bromate reduction efficiency could be enhanced by increasing the actual reactive surface area. Our results suggest that application of NZVI is a viable process for bromate reduction in water treatment. C1 [Wang, Qiliang; Choi, Heechul] GIST, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Snyder, Shane] So Nevada Water Author, Appl R&D Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89125 USA. [Kim, Jungwoo] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Choi, H (reprint author), GIST, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 261 Cheomdan Gwagiro, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. EM hcchoi@gist.ac.kr FU Korea Ministry of Science and Technology [MI050000012805JO00012810]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) FX This work was supported by a grant (MI050000012805JO00012810) from the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology, through the National Research Laboratory Program and partially supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). We greativ appreciate Dr. SUShil Raj Kanel and Dr. Qing Yang for their constructive suggestions in nanoparticle characterization. NR 44 TC 93 Z9 111 U1 9 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 9 BP 3292 EP 3299 DI 10.1021/es803540b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441PL UT WOS:000265781100053 PM 19534149 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Baddley, JW Peterson, SW Nickle, D Varga, J Boey, A Lass-Florl, C Frisvad, JC Samson, RA AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Baddley, John W. Peterson, Stephen W. Nickle, David Varga, Janos Boey, Angeline Lass-Floerl, Cornelia Frisvad, Jens C. Samson, Robert A. CA ISHAM Working Grp A Terreus TI Aspergillus alabamensis, a New Clinically Relevant Species in the Section Terrei SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY; FUMIGATUS; NEOSARTORYA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; EXPERIENCE AB Phylogenetic analyses of sequences generated from portions of three genes coding for the proteins enolase (enoA), beta-tubulin (benA), and calmodulin (calM) of a large number of isolates within the section Terrei, genus Aspergillus, revealed the presence of a new cryptic species within this section, Aspergillus alabamensis. Most members of this new cryptic species were recovered as colonizing isolates from immunocompetent patient populations, had decreased in vitro susceptibilities to the antifungal drug amphotericin B, and were morphologically similar to but genetically distinct from Aspergillus terreus isolates. C1 [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi; Boey, Angeline] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baddley, John W.] Univ Alabama, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Baddley, John W.] Birmingham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. [Peterson, Stephen W.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Nickle, David] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Varga, Janos; Samson, Robert A.] CBS Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Varga, Janos] Univ Szeged, Dept Microbiol, Fac Sci & Informat, Szeged, Hungary. [Lass-Floerl, Cornelia] Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Hyg Microbiol & Social Med, Innsbruck, Austria. [Frisvad, Jens C.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Microbial Biotechnol, Biocentrum DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov RI Dijksterhuis, Jan/K-5945-2014 OI Dijksterhuis, Jan/0000-0002-2649-1704 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD MAY PY 2009 VL 8 IS 5 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1128/EC.00272-08 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 443JM UT WOS:000265906000004 PM 19304950 ER PT J AU Alwala, S Kimbeng, CA Veremis, JC Gravois, KA AF Alwala, Sreedhar Kimbeng, Collins A. Veremis, John C. Gravois, Kenneth A. TI Identification of molecular markers associated with sugar-related traits in a Saccharum interspecific cross SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Saccharum; Brix; Pol; Molecular markers; Quantitative trait loci; Discriminant analysis ID REGION AMPLIFICATION POLYMORPHISM; BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; RUST RESISTANCE GENE; ASSISTED INTROGRESSION; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; YIELD COMPONENTS; AFLP MARKERS; LOCI AB The cultivated sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids, 2n = 100-130) is one crop for which interspecific hybridization involving wild germplasm has provided a major breakthrough in its improvement. Few clones were used in the initial hybridization event leading to a narrow genetic base for continued cultivar development. Molecular breeding would facilitate the identification and introgression of novel alleles/genes from the wild germplasm into cultivated sugarcane. We report the identification of molecular markers associated with sugar-related traits using an F(1) population derived from a cross between S. officinarum 'Louisiana Striped' x S. spontaneum 'SES 147B', the two major progenitor species of cultivated sugarcane. Genetic linkage maps of the S. officinarum and S. spontaneum parents were produced using the AFLP, SRAP and TRAP molecular marker techniques. The mapping population was evaluated for sugar-related traits namely, Brix (B) and pol (P) at the early (E) and late (L) plant growing season in the plant cane (04) and first ratoon (05) crops (04EB, 04LB, 04LP, 05EB and 05EP). For S. officinarum, combined across all the traits, a total of 30 putative QTLs was observed with LOD scores ranging from 2.51 to 7.48. The phenotypic variation (adj. R(2)) explained by all QTLs per trait ranged from 22.1% (04LP) to 48.4% (04EB). For S. spontaneum, a total of 11 putative QTLs was observed with LOD scores ranging from 2.62 to 4.70 and adj. R(2) ranging from 9.3% (04LP) to 43.0% (04LB). Nine digenic interactions (iQTL) were observed in S. officinarum whereas only three were observed in S. spontaneum. About half of the QTLs contributed by both progenitor species were associated with effects on the trait that was contrary to expectations based on the phenotype of the parent contributing the allele. Quantitative trait loci and their associated effects were consistent across crop-years and growing seasons with very few QTLs being unique to the early season. When the data were reanalyzed using the non-parametric discriminant analysis (DA) approach, significant marker-trait associations were detected for markers that were either identical to or in the vicinity of markers previously identified using the traditional QTL approach. Discriminant analysis also pointed to previously unidentified markers some of which remained unlinked on the map. These preliminary results suggest that DA could be used as a complementary approach to traditional QTL analysis in a crop like sugarcane for which saturated linkage maps are unavailable or difficult to obtain. C1 [Alwala, Sreedhar; Kimbeng, Collins A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Veremis, John C.] USDA ARS, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Kimbeng, CA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM CKimbeng@agctr.lsu.edu NR 60 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAY PY 2009 VL 167 IS 1 BP 127 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9869-0 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 428FM UT WOS:000264833400012 ER PT J AU Joshi, H Toler, J Moser, BR Walker, T AF Joshi, Hem Toler, Joe Moser, Bryan R. Walker, Terry TI Biodiesel from canola oil using a 1: 1 molar mixture of methanol and ethanol SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Canola oil; Central composite design; Optimization; Transesterification ID VEGETABLE-OILS; ALKYL ESTERS; SOYBEAN OIL; TRANSESTERIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; LUBRICITY; TALLOW; GREASE; ETHYL AB Canola oil was transesterified using a 1 : 1 molar mixture of methanol and ethanol (M/E) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst. The effects of catalyst concentration (0.5-1.5 wt-%), molar ratio of M/E to canola oil (3 : 1 to 20 : 1) and reaction temperature (25-75 degrees C) on the percentage yield measured after 2.5 and 5.0 min were optimized using a central composite design. A maximum percentage yield of 98% was obtained for a catalyst concentration of 1.1 wt-% and an M/E to canola oil molar ratio of 20 : 1 at 25 degrees C at 2.5 min, whereas a maximum percentage yield of 99% was obtained for a catalyst concentration of 1.15 wt-% and all molar ratios of reactants at 25 degrees C at 5 min. Statistical analysis demonstrated that increasing catalyst concentration and molar ratio of reactants resulted in curvilinear and linear trends in percentage yield, both at 2.5 and 5 min. However, reaction temperature, which affected the percentage yield at 2.5 min linearly, was insignificant at 5 min. The resultant mixed methyl/ethyl canola esters exhibited enhanced low-temperature performance and lubricity properties in comparison to neat canola oil methyl esters and also satisfied ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards with respect to oxidation stability, kinematic viscosity, and acid value. C1 [Joshi, Hem; Toler, Joe; Walker, Terry] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Joshi, H (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 111 Biosyst Res Complex, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM hjoshi@clemson.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors are very grateful to the United States Department of Agriculture for their financial support. The authors also acknowledge Benetria Banks for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Karl Vermillion for the acquisition of NMR data. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 111 IS 5 BP 464 EP 473 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200800071 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 452KD UT WOS:000266538000007 ER PT J AU Becker, SC Dong, SL Baker, JR Foster-Frey, J Pritchard, DG Donovan, DM AF Becker, Stephen C. Dong, Shengli Baker, John R. Foster-Frey, Juli Pritchard, David G. Donovan, David M. TI LysK CHAP endopeptidase domain is required for lysis of live staphylococcal cells SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE peptidoglycan hydrolase; bacteriophage endolysin; autolysin; lysostaphin; LysK; coagulase-negative Staphylococcus ID LYTIC ACTIVITY; BACTERIOPHAGE ENDOLYSINS; PROPHAGE-ENDOLYSIN; MASTITIS PATHOGENS; PHAGE-K; AUREUS; WALL; LYSOSTAPHIN; HYDROLASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB LysK is a staphylococcal bacteriophage endolysin composed of three domains: an N-terminal cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolases/peptidases (CHAP) endopeptidase domain, a midprotein amidase 2 domain, and a C-terminal SH3b_5 (SH3b) cell wall-binding domain. Both catalytic domains are active on purified peptidoglycan by positive-ion electrospray ionization MS. The cut sites are identical to LytA (phi11 endolysin), with cleavage between d-alanine of the stem peptide and glycine of the cross-bridge peptide, and N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase activity. Truncations of the LysK containing just the CHAP domain lyse Staphylococcus aureus cells in zymogram analysis, plate lysis, and turbidity reduction assays but have no detectable activity in a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. In contrast, truncations harboring just the amidase lytic domain show faint activity in both the zymogram and turbidity reduction assays, but no detectable activity in either plate lysis or MIC assays. A fusion of the CHAP domain to the SH3b domain has near full-length LysK lytic activity, suggesting the need for a C-terminal binding domain. Both LysK and the CHAP-SH3b fusion were shown to lyse untreated S. aureus and the coagulase-negative strains. In the checkerboard assay, the CHAP-SH3b fusion achieves the same level of antimicrobial synergy with lysostaphin as the full-length LysK. C1 [Becker, Stephen C.; Foster-Frey, Juli; Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BATC,USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dong, Shengli; Baker, John R.; Pritchard, David G.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BATC,USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD USA. EM david.donovan@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 294 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01541.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 428WJ UT WOS:000264882000008 PM 19493008 ER PT J AU Milev-Milovanovic, I Majji, S Thodima, V Deng, YP Hanson, L Arnizaut, A Waldbieser, G Chinchar, VG AF Milev-Milovanovic, Ivanka Majji, Sai Thodima, Venkata Deng, Youping Hanson, Larry Arnizaut, Ana Waldbieser, Geoffrey Chinchar, V. Gregory TI Identification and expression analyses of poly [I:C]-stimulated genes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Interferon; Interferon stimulated genes; Poly [I:C]; Anti-viral response; ISG15; Mx1 ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; VIRULENT EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; SALMON-ANEMIA-VIRUS; INTERFERON TYPE-I; ATLANTIC SALMON; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TELEOST FISH; CELL-LINE; MX-GENE; POLYRIBOCYTIDYLIC ACID AB Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) have proven to be an excellent model with which to study immune responses of lower vertebrates. Identification of anti-viral antibodies and cytotoxic cells, as well as both type I and II interferon (IFN), demonstrates that catfish likely mount a vigorous anti-viral immune response. In this report, we focus on other elements of the anti-viral response, and identify more than two dozen genes that are induced following treatment of catfish cells with poly [I:C]. We showed that poly [I:C] induced type I interferon within 2 h of treatment, and that characteristic interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) appeared 6-12 h after exposure. Among the ISGs detected by RT-PCR assay were homologs of ISG15, Mx1, IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (IAP-1) and the chemokine CXCL10. Microarray analyses showed that 13 and 24 cellular genes, respectively, were upregulated in poly [I:C]-treated B cell and fibroblast cultures. Although many of these genes were novel and did not fit the profile of mammalian ISGs, there were several (ISG-15, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G1, integrin-linked kinase, and clathrin-associated protein 47) that were identified as ISGs in mammalian systems. Taken together, these results suggest that dsRNA, either directly or through the prior induction of IFN, upregulates catfish gene products that function individually and/or collectively to inhibit virus replication. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milev-Milovanovic, Ivanka; Majji, Sai; Chinchar, V. Gregory] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Thodima, Venkata; Deng, Youping] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Hanson, Larry; Arnizaut, Ana] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Waldbieser, Geoffrey] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chinchar, VG (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM vchinchar@microbio.umsmed.edu FU USDA [2002-35204-12211]; The University of Mississippi Medical Center; National Center for Research Resources [RR-016476] FX This work was partially supported by funds from the USDA (NRI/CGP Award No. 2002-35204-12211), The University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMQ Intramural Research Support Program, and the National Center for Research Resources (Mississippi Functional Genomics Network - INBRE award No. RR-016476). We thank Drs. Melanie Wilson (UMMQ, Eva Bengten (UMMQ, and John Liu (Auburn University) for construction and annotation of the various catfish EST databases from which the cDNA sequences used on this array were derived. We would also like to thank Ms. Stephanie Warren and Dr. Donald Sittman (Department of Biochemistry, UMMQ for assistance with the microarray studies. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 26 IS 5 BP 811 EP 820 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.006 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 454CN UT WOS:000266659400017 PM 19332135 ER PT J AU Hwang, CA AF Hwang, Cheng-An TI The probability of growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked salmon and tryptic soy broth as affected by salt, smoke compound, and storage temperature SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; Growth probability; Salt; Phenol compound; Smoked seafood ID LIQUID SMOKE; SEAFOOD; PRODUCTS; SURVIVAL; PH; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; DESIGN; MODEL AB The objectives of this study were to examine and model the probability of growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked salmon containing salt and smoke (phenol) compound and stored at various temperatures. A growth probability model was developed, and the model was compared to a model developed from tryptic soy broth (TSB) to assess the possibility of using TSB as a substitute for salmon. A 6-strain mixture of L monocytogenes was inoculated into minced cooked salmon and TSB containing 0-10% NaCl and 0-34 ppm phenol to levels of 10(2-3) cfu/g, and the samples were Vacuum-packed and stored at 0-25 degrees C for up to 42 days. A total 32 treatments, each with 16 samples, selected by central composite designs were tested. A logistic regression was used to model the probability of growth of L. monocytogenes as a function of concentrations of salt and phenol, and storage temperature. Resulted models showed that the probabilities of growth of L monocytogenes in both salmon and TSB decreased when the salt and/or phenol concentrations increased, and at lower storage temperatures. In general, the growth probabilities of L. monocytogenes were affected more profoundly by salt and storage temperature than by phenol. The growth probabilities of L monocytogenes estimated by the TSB model were higher than those by the salmon model at the same salt/phenol concentrations and storage temperatures. The growth probabilities predicted by the salmon and TSB models were comparable at higher storage temperatures, indicating the potential use of TSB as a model system to substitute salmon in Studying the growth behavior of L. monocytogenes may only be suitable when the temperatures of interest are in higher storage temperatures (e.g., >12 degrees C), The model for salmon demonstrated the effects of salt, phenol, and storage temperature and their interactions on the growth probabilities of L monocytogenes, and may be used to determine the growth probability of L monocytogenes; in smoked seafood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hwang, CA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM andy.hwang@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2009.01.002 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 425JP UT WOS:000264633100004 PM 19269565 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Zhang, H Huang, LH AF Ukuku, Dike O. Zhang, Howard Huang, Lihan TI Growth Parameters of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria of Apple Cider Amended with Nisin-EDTA SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; FRESH PRODUCE; COOKED BEEF; SCOTT-A; MICROFLORA; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; FOOD; INACTIVATION AB The effect of nisin (0 or 300 IU/mL), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA, 20 mM), and nisin (300 IU)-EDTA (20 mM) on growth parameters, including lag period (LP) and generation time, of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. in the presence or absence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria of apple cider during storage at 5 degrees C for up to 16 days or 23 degrees C for 16 h was investigated. The growth data were analyzed and fitted to the modified Gompertz model. The LP values for aerobic mesophilic bacteria of apple cider (control) and those amended with EDTA and nisin during storage at 5 degrees C were 1.61, 1.76, and 5.45 days, respectively. In apple cider stored at 23 degrees C for 16 h, the LP values for the same bacteria and treatment were 3.24, 3.56, and 5.85 h, respectively. The LP values for E. coli O157:H7 determined in the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria of apple cider stored at 23 degrees C for 16 h was 1.48 h, while populations for L. monocytogenes and Salmonella in the same cider declined. In sterile apple cider left at 23 degrees C for 16 h, the LP values for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes averaged 2.74, 2.37, and 3.16 h, respectively. The generation time for these pathogens were 0.402, 0.260, and 0.187 log (CFU/mL)/h, respectively. Addition of nisin and EDTA combination caused a decline in lag phase duration and the populations for all pathogens tested, suggesting possible addition of this additive to freshly prepared apple cider to enhance its microbial safety and prevent costly recalls. C1 [Ukuku, Dike O.; Zhang, Howard; Huang, Lihan] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dike.ukuku@ars.usda.gov RI Diaz, Belen/B-8946-2012 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0233 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 441QE UT WOS:000265783100010 PM 19415973 ER PT J AU Loomis, JB Hung, LT Gonzalez-Caban, A AF Loomis, John B. Hung, Le Trong Gonzalez-Caban, Armando TI Willingness to pay function for two fuel treatments to reduce wildfire acreage burned: A scope test and comparison of White and Hispanic households SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Contingent Valuation Method; Prescribed burning; Mechanical fuel reduction; Scope test; Willingness to pay ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; SPOTTED OWL; RISK; FIRE; HABITAT; VALUES AB This research uses the Contingent Valuation Method to test whether willingness to pay increases for larger reductions in acres of forests burned by wildfires across the states of California, Florida and Montana. This is known as a test of scope, a measure of internal validity of the contingent valuation method (CVM). The scope test is conducted separately for White households and Hispanic households to determine if cultural differences influences whether the scope test is passed. The public program to reduce acres burned involved prescribed burning and a mechanical fuel reduction program. The results of CVM logit regressions show that the acreage reduction variable is statistically significant at the 1% level for the two proposed fuel reduction programs. and the two types of households. The positive sign of this variable means that the more acreage reduction proposed in the survey the more likely people would pay for the fuel reduction program. Because of the significance of the acreage reduction variable in the willingness to pay function, this function can be used to evaluate the incremental benefits of different forest fire management plans that reduce acres burned by wildfires. These benefits would be part of the justification for prescribed burning and mechanical fire fuel reduction programs to protect forests from wildfires. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Loomis, John B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resources Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hung, Le Trong] Forestry Univ Vietnam, Dept Econ & Business Management, Xuanmai, Hatay, Vietnam. [Gonzalez-Caban, Armando] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Loomis, JB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resources Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM John.Loomis@colostate.edu; hungt103@yahoo.com; agonzalezcaban@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.10.006 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 446XP UT WOS:000266155200001 ER PT J AU Hse, CY AF Hse, Chung-Yun TI Development of melamine modified urea formaldehyde resins based on strong acidic pH catalyzed urea formaldehyde polymer SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC CONDITIONS; COCONDENSATION; CONDENSATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB TO upgrade the performance of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin bonded particleboards, melamine modified urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins based on strong acidic pH catalyzed UF polymers were investigated. The Study was conducted in a series of two experiments: I) formulation of MUF resins based oil a UF polymer catalyzed with strong acidic PH and 2) determination of the effects of increased melamine content and melamine reaction pH oil performance of MUF resins. Formaldehyde emission., internal bond (113) strength, and thickness swell (TS) of the panels made with the formulated MUF resins were evaluated. UF polymer as backbone structure prepared by strong acidic pH had a significant effect oil the overall performance of the MUF resin system. Strong acidic pH was the single most important factor effecting the formaldehyde emission of the panels. Melamine content and melamine reaction pH were evaluated in the final 24 MUF resins prepared in the Study. The effects of increased melamine content were significant only for IB strength, but changes in melamine reaction pH in resin preparation resulted in a resin system that had a significant effect oil the overall performance of the panels. IB strength increased. formaldehyde emission decreased, and TS decreased as melamine reaction pH decreased from 6.0 to 4.5. These results indicated that the changes in molecular species and resin structure in resin preparation as effected by melamine reaction pH were the most important factors in upgrading the performance of MUF resins. A low melamine content MUF resin was fabricated with formaldehyde (F)/urea (U)/melamine (M) molar ratios of 1.38F/IU/0.055M (melamine content of 6.4%) and reacted under melamine reaction pH of 4.5. This resin produced panels that satisfied the required performance standards of both formaldehyde emission (National Particleboard Association 2-h-desicator test) and IB strength (American National Standard Institute's IB strength for industrial boards). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Sta, Pineville, LA USA. RP Hse, CY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Sta, Pineville, LA USA. EM chse@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 59 IS 5 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 477XB UT WOS:000268551200003 ER PT J AU Luppold, WG Bumgardner, MS AF Luppold, William G. Bumgardner, Matthew S. TI Patterns of hardwood sawmill industry concentration: Tennessee case study, 1979 to 2005 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper examines changes in sawmill concentration and hardwood lumber production for Tennessee between 1979 and 2005. In 1979, only 2 percent of the lumber manufactured in Tennessee was produced by very large mills with capacities of 10 million board feet (MMBF) or more annually. By 2005, such mills produced more than 43 percent of the lumber, generally following an "expand or exit" model of industry concentration. The greatest change in sawmill concentration, however, occurred in the eastern region of Tennessee, where very large mills accounted for 61 percent of the production in 2005 compared to 0 percent in 1979. Construction of mills in eastern Tennessee seems to have been facilitated by relatively low delivered log prices and improved highway systems. Such changes seem to follow a different model of industry concentration, one that Occurred during the timber boom of the early 20th century - if timber can be economically transported it will be "severed and sawn." Since 2005 there has been a decline in demand for higher grades of hardwood lumber and large increases in energy costs. This combination could influence the future size, location, operational objectives, and the industrial concentration of sawmills in Tennessee and other eastern hardwood states. C1 [Luppold, William G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. [Bumgardner, Matthew S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 59 IS 5 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 477XB UT WOS:000268551200013 ER PT J AU Sheldon, AL Warren, ML AF Sheldon, Andrew L. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. TI Filters and templates: stonefly (Plecoptera) richness in Ouachita Mountains streams, USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE diversity; local effects; regional effects; stream drying; stream size ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; SPECIES RICHNESS; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; HEADWATER STREAMS; FISH COMMUNITIES; SPATIAL SCALES; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB We collected adult stoneflies periodically over a 1-year period at 38 sites in two headwater catchments in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, U.S.A. The 43 species collected were a subset of the Ozark-Ouachita fauna and the much larger fauna of the eastern U.S.A. We estimated 78-91% species coverage in the two catchments using jackknife extrapolation of species richness from our survey. Many streams, especially small ones, lacked surface water for months, but others, both small and large, flowed permanently. Using published regional presence-absence and coarse ecological data in a discriminant function analysis (DFA), we identified stream size (negative) and regional frequency of occurrence (positive) as predictors of presence in these headwater catchments. For the combined catchments, the extrapolated richness (51 spp.) was similar to an estimate (48 spp.) based on predicted absences from DFA and the Ouachita provincial total of known stonefly species (57 spp.). Local species richness (1-27 spp. per site) was correlated strongly with stream size (catchment area) but was independent of stream drying. Generic richness was correlated negatively with stream drying and positively, but less strongly, with stream size. Regionally endemic stoneflies dominated in drying streams, and widely distributed species dominated in more permanent streams. The composition of stonefly assemblages was associated with regional factors (species pools, regional abundance, evolution of tolerant endemic species, regional climate) and local factors (drying, stream size). C1 [Sheldon, Andrew L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Warren, Melvin L., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, USDA, Oxford, MS USA. RP Sheldon, AL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM andylsheldon@comcast.net FU ALS awarded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Forest Service, Southern Research Station; Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research Project, Hot Springs, Arkansas FX We thank Gordon McWhirter for assistance with figures, Hal Liechty and Jami Nettles for supplying unpublished water quality data, and Alan Clingenpeel, Jim Guldin, Gary Miller, Jami Nettles, Barry Poulton, Dave Saugey, Linda Sheldon, Bill Stark, Jay Swofford, and Stan Szczytko for advice and practical assistance. The work was funded under a visiting scientist agreement to ALS awarded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research Project, Hot Springs, Arkansas and the sabbatical assignment program of the University of Montana, Missoula. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 54 IS 5 BP 943 EP 956 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02144.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 430TQ UT WOS:000265012000001 ER PT J AU Dieguez-Uribeondo, J Garcia, MA Cerenius, L Kozubikova, E Ballesteros, I Windels, C Weiland, J Kator, H Soderhall, K Martin, MP AF Dieguez-Uribeondo, Javier Garcia, Miguel A. Cerenius, Lage Kozubikova, Eva Ballesteros, Isabel Windels, Carol Weiland, John Kator, Howard Soderhall, Kenneth Martin, Maria P. TI Phylogenetic relationships among plant and animal parasites, and saprotrophs in Aphanomyces (Oomycetes) SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oomycetes; Evolution; Zoospore; Parasites; Pathogens; ITS-rDNA ID EPIZOOTIC ULCERATIVE SYNDROME; REPEATED ZOOSPORE EMERGENCE; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; FRESH-WATER CRAYFISH; SYNDROME EUS; LSU RDNA; ASTACI; INVADANS; FISH; EUTEICHES AB Molecular phylogenetic relationships among 12 species of Aphanomyces de Bary (Oomycetes) were analyzed based on 108 ITS sequences of nuclear rDNA. Sequences used in the analyses belonged to the major species currently available in pure culture and GenBank. Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses support that Aphanomyces constitutes a monophyletic group. Three independent lineages were found: (i) plant parasitic, (ii) animal parasitic, and (iii) saprotrophic or opportunistic parasitic. Sexual reproduction appeared to be critical in plant parasites for survival in soil environments while asexual reproduction seemed to be advantageous for exploiting specialization in animal parasitism. Repeated zoospore emergence seems to be an advantageous property for both plant and animal parasitic modes of life. Growth in unspecific media was generally faster in saprotrophs compared with parasitic species. A number of strains and GenBank sequences were found to be misidentified. It was confirmed molecularly that Aphanomyces piscicida and Aphanomyces invadans appear to be conspecific, and found that Aphanomyces iridis and Aphanomyces euteiches are closely related, if not the same, species. This study has shown a clear evolutionary separation between Aphanomyces species that are plant parasites and those that parasitize animals. Saprotrophic or opportunistic species formed a separate evolutionary lineage except Aphanomyces stellatus whose evolutionary position has not yet been resolved. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dieguez-Uribeondo, Javier; Garcia, Miguel A.; Ballesteros, Isabel; Martin, Maria P.] Real Jardin Bot CSIC, Madrid 28014, Spain. [Cerenius, Lage; Soderhall, Kenneth] Uppsala Univ, Dept Comparat Physiol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Kozubikova, Eva] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic. [Windels, Carol] Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. [Weiland, John] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Kator, Howard] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Dieguez-Uribeondo, J (reprint author), Real Jardin Bot CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, Madrid 28014, Spain. EM dieguez@rjb.csic.es RI Martin, Maria /H-8069-2012; Ballesteros, Isabel/A-5909-2015; Garcia, Miguel Angel/N-6275-2016 OI Martin, Maria /0000-0002-1235-4418; Ballesteros, Isabel/0000-0001-6633-3607; Garcia, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-0366-043X FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain [REF-200730I009, CGL2006-12732-C02-01/BOS, REN2002-04068-C02-01GLO]; European Union program SYNTHESYS; Czech Ministry of Education [MSM0021620828] FX This study was supported by Grants from Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain (REF-200730I009, and CGL2006-12732-C02-01/BOS). Isabel Ballesteros was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain (REN2002-04068-C02-01GLO), and Eva Kozubikova was supported at Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC) by the European Union program SYNTHESYS and by the Czech Ministry of Education (MSM0021620828). NR 73 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2009.02.004 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 437EV UT WOS:000265470200002 PM 19236935 ER PT J AU Buzby, JC Roberts, T AF Buzby, Jean C. Roberts, Tanya TI The Economics of Enteric Infections: Human Foodborne Disease Costs SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; ILLNESS; HEALTH; BURDEN; FOOD; SALMONELLOSIS; OUTBREAK; POULTRY; CANADA AB The World Health Organization estimates that in 2005, 1.5 million people died, worldwide, from diarrheal diseases. A separate study estimated that 70% of diarrheal diseases are foodborne. The widely cited US estimate is that there are 76 million foodborne illnesses annually, resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5200 deaths. However, there are epidemiologic and methodologic challenges to accurately estimate the economic burden of foodborne disease on society, either in terms of monetary costs or non-monetary units of measurement. Studies on the economic burden of foodborne disease vary considerably: some analyze the effects of a single pathogen or a single outbreak, whereas others attempt to estimate all foodborne disease in a country. Differences in surveillance systems, methodology, and other factors preclude meaningful comparisons across existing studies. However, if it were possible to completely estimate the societal costs for all acute foodborne diseases and their chronic sequelae worldwide, on the basis of currently available data, worldwide costs from these illnesses would be substantial. Moreover, foodborne infections are largely manifested as intestinal illnesses and are largely preventable. Total costs of foodborne disease would be much smaller in the United States and the world if economic incentives for industry to produce safer food were improved. However, costs of implementing new food safety prevention and control rules must be weighed against the estimated benefits of reducing foodborne disease to determine net benefits so that governments have information to efficiently allocate funds among competing programs. C1 [Buzby, Jean C.; Roberts, Tanya] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Buzby, JC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room S2080, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jbuzby@ers.usda.gov NR 51 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 21 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1851 EP 1862 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.074 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 445ZV UT WOS:000266090900002 PM 19457414 ER PT J AU He, XY He, ZH Morris, CF Xia, XC AF He, X. Y. He, Z. H. Morris, C. F. Xia, X. C. TI Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of polyphenol oxidase genes in common wheat and related species SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Common wheat; Grain PPO activity; Phylogenetics; Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes; Triticum aestivum; Wheat relatives ID WHOLE-SEED ASSAY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; D-GENOME; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; TETRAPLOID WHEATS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; POLYPLOID WHEAT; NOODLE COLOR AB Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes in common wheat and its relatives would greatly advance the understanding of molecular mechanisms of grain PPO activity. In the present study, six wheat relative species, including T. urartu, T. boeoticum, T. monococcum, T. dicoccoides, T. durum and Ae. tauschii, were sampled to isolate new alleles at Ppo-A1 and Ppo-D1 loci corresponding to common wheat PPO genes, and seven new alleles were identified from these species, which were designated as Ppo-A1c (from T. urartu), Ppo-A1d (T. boeoticum), Ppo-A1e (T. monococcum and T. durum), Ppo-A1f (T. dicoccoides), Ppo-A1g (T. durum), Ppo-D1c (Ae. tauschii) and Ppo-D1d (Ae. tauschii), respectively. Five out of the seven alleles detected in the wheat relatives contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,731 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 577 residues, which is the same as those of Ppo-A1 and Ppo-D1 genes in common wheat, whereas, the full-length ORF of the allele Ppo-A1g from T. durum was not obtained, and a 73-bp deletion occurred in the third exon of Ppo-D1d, an allele from Ae. tauschii, resulting in a shorter polypeptide of 466 amino acids. The 191-bp insertion in the first intron reported previously in common wheat was also found in T. dicoccoides lines, implying that more than one tetraploid wheat lines may be involved in the origination of common wheat. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the genomic DNA sequences of the seven alleles, together with four from common wheat and four partial PPO gene sequences deposited in GenBank. The genome tribe A was divided into two clusters, one of which contained Ppo-A1d and Ppo-A1e, and the other included the remaining five alleles at Ppo-A1 locus. The alleles from different clusters showed high sequence divergences, indicated by dozens of SNPs and five to six InDels. The genome tribe D comprised the alleles Ppo-D1a, Ppo-D1c, Ppo-D1d and Ppo-D1b, and the former three were clustered together, showing significant sequence divergence from Ppo-D1b. In addition, the relationships between these allelic variants and grain PPO activities were also discussed. C1 [He, X. Y.; He, Z. H.; Xia, X. C.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [He, Z. H.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Morris, C. F.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP He, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Zhongguancun S St 12, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhhe@public3.bta.net.cn; xiaxianchun@caas.net.cn RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 FU National Science Foundation of China [National Science Foundation of China (30771335]; National 863 Programs [2006AA10Z1A7, 2006AA100102]; International Collaboration Project from the Ministry of Agriculture [2006-G2] FX The authors are very grateful to Dr. Lihui Li, Institute of Crop Science, CAAS, for his kindly providing the wheat related species. This study was supported by National Science Foundation of China (30771335), National 863 Programs (2006AA10Z1A7 and 2006AA100102), and International Collaboration Project from the Ministry of Agriculture (2006-G2). NR 53 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s10722-008-9365-3 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 428GF UT WOS:000264835300003 ER PT J AU Bassil, N Hummer, KE Postman, JD Fazio, G Baldo, A Armas, I Williams, R AF Bassil, Nahla Hummer, Kim E. Postman, Joseph D. Fazio, Gennaro Baldo, Angela Armas, Isabel Williams, Roger TI Nomenclature and genetic relationships of apples and pears from Terceira Island SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Apple; European pear; Malus domestica; Microsatellite markers; Pears; Pyrus communis; Simple sequence repeat (SSR) ID X-DOMESTICA BORKH.; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; PYRUS-PYRIFOLIA NAKAI; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; JAPANESE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; COLLECTION; DIVERSITY; CULTIVARS AB Heritage apple (Malus domestica Borkh. hybrids) and pear (Pyrus communis L. hybrid) trees grow in villages throughout Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. Some of these pears have different names but similar morphology. The objective of this study was to determine synonymy, homology, and phylogeny of apples and pears from Terceira and to examine potential relationships of the island pears with standard apples and pears of Portuguese or American descent. Nine apple microsatellite markers were used to determine genetic relationships. Distance- and parsimony-based cluster analysis grouped these genotypes into separate apple and pear clades. The Terceira apples were divided into two clades: the ma double daggerÄaut and the reineta-reinette. Among the 17 heritage apple genotypes, seven unique accessions were identified and four groups of synonyms, or possibly clones, were detected including: 'Reineta Agosto' and 'Reineta Verde' from Altares; 'Reineta Castanha' and 'Reineta Verde Miuda'; 'Ma double dagger(a)ra,' 'Ma double dagger(a)ro Branco' from Salga and from Terra-Ch and the five genotypes 'Ma double daggerÄaut Sao Joao', 'Malapio Rosa', 'Ma double daggerÄaut Gaspar', 'Ma double dagger(a)ro Vermelho' from Terra Ch(a)ro Branco from Terra ChÄaut appears to be a clone that can be distinguished by an additional allele at CH1F07a from a tree with that name from Salga. One pair of apple clones, 'Reineta Agosto' and 'Reineta Verde' from Altares appear to be derived from an unreduced gamete of 'Golden Delicious.' Another apple genotype 'Ma double dagger(a)ra' clonal group. Other tested standard apples from the US genebank were unrelated to Terceira genotypes. Of the seven heritage pears, five unique genotypes and one pair of synonyms were detected. 'PA(a)ra Papo Pintassilgo' from Raminho and 'PA(a)ra Vermelha' from the nursery of Servi double dagger o de Desenvolvimento Agario da Terceira (SDAT) were synonyms. 'Passans du Portugal' was related to 'PA(a)ra Cabaca' but other standard pears from the US genebank were unrelated to Terceira genotypes. Future studies will include additional apple and pear cultivars from other Islands of the Azores and continental Portugal, and wild Asian species to further explore genetic relationships. C1 [Bassil, Nahla; Hummer, Kim E.; Postman, Joseph D.] ARS, USDA, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Fazio, Gennaro; Baldo, Angela] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Armas, Isabel] Tecn Super Serv Desenvolvimento Agario Terceira, Terceira, Azores, Portugal. [Williams, Roger] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Bassil, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM nahla.bassil@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [CRIS 5358-21000-033-00D]; USDA-Azores cooperative initiative program (ACIP) FX We acknowledge Barbara Gilmore, Adrienne Oda and April Nyberg for technical assistance in SSR fragment analysis. Funding for this study was provided by the USDA-ARS CRIS 5358-21000-033-00D and the USDA-Azores cooperative initiative program (ACIP). NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s10722-008-9369-z PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 428GF UT WOS:000264835300006 ER PT J AU Morris, JB AF Morris, J. B. TI Characterization of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) accessions for morphology, phenology, reproduction and potential nutraceutical, pharmaceutical trait utilization SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Butterfly pea; Clitoria ternatea; Genetic resources; Nutraceutical; Phytopharmaceutical; Principal component analysis ID QUERCETIN; EXTRACT AB Butterfly pea, Clitoria ternatea is used in Africa as a companion crop and in the United States as an ornamental. The USDA, ARS, PGRCU curates 28 butterfly pea accessions. Butterfly pea accessions were transplanted from about 30-day-old seedlings to the field in Griffin, GA around 01 June 1999, 2003, 2006-2007 or directly sown in 2001. At 50% maturity, 19 accessions were characterized for morphology, phenology, and evaluated for regeneration. High quality plants regenerated from all accessions produced 6 to more than 3,400 total seeds. Butterfly pea can be successfully grown and regenerated in Griffin, GA. Coefficients of variation and principal component analysis revealed considerable variability among accessions for morphological and reproductive traits. Butterfly pea has potential to be used as a nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, or food. The flavonoid quercetin has been shown to reduce upper respiratory infections in humans while delphinidin and malvidin identified in butterfly pea flowers may inhibit various forms of cancer. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM Brad.Morris@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s10722-008-9376-0 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 428GF UT WOS:000264835300012 ER PT J AU Kantartzi, SK Ulloa, M Sacks, E Stewart, JM AF Kantartzi, Stella K. Ulloa, Mauricio Sacks, Erik Stewart, James McD. TI Assessing genetic diversity in Gossypium arboreum L. cultivars using genomic and EST-derived microsatellites SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Diversity; EST-SSRs; Genomic-SSR; Gossypium arboreum ID INFORMATIVE GENOTYPING SET; COTTON VARIETIES; RAPD MARKERS; GERMPLASM; LOCI; ACCESSIONS; MALVACEAE; AFLP; SSRS AB The cultivated diploid, Gossypium arboreum L., (A genome) is an invaluable genetic resource for improving modern tetraploid cotton (G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.) cultivars. The objective of this research is to select a set of informative and robust microsatellites for studying genetic relationships among accessions of geographically diverse G. arboreum cultivars. From more than 1,500 previously developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 115 genomic (BNL) and EST-derived (MUCS and MUSS) markers were used to evaluate the allelic diversity of a core panel of G. arboreum accessions. These SSR data enabled advanced genome analyses. A set of 25 SSRs were selected based both upon their high level of informativeness (PIC a parts per thousand yen 0.50) and the production of clear PCR bands on agarose gels. Subsequently, 96 accessions representing a wide spectrum of diversity of G. arboreum cultivars were analyzed with these markers. The 25 SSR loci revealed 75 allelic variants (polymorphisms) ranging from 2 to 4 alleles per locus. The Neighborjoining (NJ) method, based on genetic dissimilarities, revealed that cultivars from geographically adjacent countries tend to cluster together. Outcomes of this research should be useful in decreasing redundancy of effort and in constructing a core collection of G. arboreum, important for efficient use of this genetic resource in cotton breeding. C1 [Kantartzi, Stella K.] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Ulloa, Mauricio] USDA ARS, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Sacks, Erik] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Stewart, James McD.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Kantartzi, SK (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM kantart@siu.edu FU Delta & Pine Land Company FX We thank the Delta & Pine Land Company for financial support. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD MAY PY 2009 VL 136 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s10709-008-9327-x PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 428GJ UT WOS:000264835700016 PM 18853261 ER PT J AU Zhong, SQ Dekkers, JCM Fernando, RL Jannink, JL AF Zhong, Shengqiang Dekkers, Jack C. M. Fernando, Rohan L. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Factors Affecting Accuracy From Genomic Selection in Populations Derived From Multiple Inbred Lines: A Barley Case Study SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; BREEDING VALUE; IMPROVEMENT; DENSITY; PROGENY; CROSSES; MAIZE; POWER; LOCI AB We compared the accuracies of four genomic-selection prediction methods as affected by marker density, level of linkage disequilibrium (LD), quantitative trail. locus (QTL) number, sample size, and level of replication in populations generated front multiple inbred lines. Marker data on 42 two-row spring barley inbred lines were used to simulate high and low LD populations from multiple inbred line crosses: the first included many small full-sib families and the second was derived from five generations of random mating. True breeding values (TBV) were simulated oil the basis of 20 or 80 additive QTL. Methods used to derive genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) were random regression best linear unbiased prediction (RR-BLUP), Bayes-B, a Bayesian shrinkage regression method, and BLUP front a mixed model analysis using a relationship matrix calculated from marker data. Using the best methods, accuracies of GEBV were comparable to accuracies front phenotype for predicting TBV without requiring the time and expense of field evaluation. We identified a trade-off between a method's ability to capture marker-QTL vs. marker-based relatedness of individuals. The Bayesian shrinkage regression method primarily captured LD, the BLUP methods captured relationships, while Bayes-B captured both. Under most of the study scenarios, mixed-model analysis using a marker-derived relationship matrix (BLUP) was more accurate than methods that directly estimated marker effects, suggesting that relationship information was more valuable than LD information. When markers were in strong LD with large-effect QTL, or when predictions were made on individuals several generations removed from the training data set, however, the ranking of method performance was reversed and BLUP had the lowest accuracy. C1 [Jannink, Jean-Luc] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhong, Shengqiang] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Fernando, Rohan L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Fernando, Rohan L.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jean-luc.jannink@ars.usda.gov RI Zhong, Shengqiang/E-3816-2010 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative grant [2006-55606-16722] FX Patrick Hayes and Peter Szucs mapped DArT and SNP markers on the OWB mapping population used in this research. Timothy J. Close, Stefano Lonardi, and Yonghui Wu developed the SNP map. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was supported by U. S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative grant no. 2006-55606-16722, "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement." NR 25 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 29 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2009 VL 182 IS 1 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.098277 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 499IX UT WOS:000270213800030 PM 19299342 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS Xu, SS AF Jauhar, Prem P. Peterson, Terrance S. Xu, Steven S. TI Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a durum alien disomic addition line with enhanced tolerance to Fusarium head blight SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE C-banding; expressed sequence tag (EST); Fusarium head blight (FHB); fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH); Lophopyrum elongatum; Pairing homoeologous (Ph1) gene; simple sequence repeat (SSR); targeted region amplified polymorphism (TRAP); Triticum turgidum ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM; AGROPYRON-INTERMEDIUM; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; TRIGENERIC HYBRIDS; TETRAPLOID WHEAT AB Current durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.)) cultivars have little or no resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a ravaging disease of cereal crops. A diploid wheatgrass, Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A'. Love (2n = 2x = 14, EE genome), is an excellent source of FHB resistance. Through an extensive intergeneric hybridization using durum cultivar Langdon, we have developed a disomic alien addition line, named DGE-1 (2n = 28 + 2), with a wheatgrass chromosome pair. We used a unique method for isolating the addition line taking advantage of unreduced gametes functioning in Langdon x L. elongatum F(1) hybrids in their first backcross to the Langdon parent, resulting in 35-chromosome plants from which we derived DGE-1. The addition line DGE-1 has a plant type similar to its Langdon parent, although it is shorter in height with narrower leaves and shorter spikes. It is meiotically and reproductively stable, generally forming 15 bivalents with two chiasmata each. The alien chromosome pair from the grass confers FHB resistance to the addition line, which has less than 21% infection on the visual scale, mean = 6.5%. Using various biochemical and molecular techniques (Giemsa C-banding, fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH), chromosome-specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, targeted region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) markers, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)), we have shown that the extra chromosome involved is 1E of L. elongatum. This is the first time that FHB resistance has been discovered on chromosome 1E. We have established a chromosome-specific marker for 1E that may be used to screen fertile hybrid derivatives and durum addition lines for this chromosome that confers FHB resistance. C1 [Jauhar, Prem P.; Peterson, Terrance S.; Xu, Steven S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prem.jauhar@ndsu.edu NR 72 TC 34 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 467 EP 483 DI 10.1139/G09-014 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 450ZZ UT WOS:000266441800007 PM 19448727 ER PT J AU Liu, GE Alkan, C Jiang, L Zhao, SY Eichler, EE AF Liu, George E. Alkan, Can Jiang, Lu Zhao, Shaying Eichler, Evan E. TI Comparative analysis of Alu repeats in primate genomes SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENDS QUALITY ASSESSMENT; RHESUS MACAQUE GENOME; OLD-WORLD MONKEYS; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; REPEATED SEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY; ELEMENTS; DNA; PHYLOGENY; EXPANSION AB Using bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences (16.9 Mb) and high-quality alignments of genomic sequences (17.4 Mb), we performed a global assessment of the divergence distributions, phylogenies, and consensus sequences for Alu elements in primates including lemur, marmoset, macaque, baboon, and chimpanzee as compared to human. We found that in lemurs, Alu elements show a broader and more symmetric sequence divergence distribution, suggesting a steady rate of Alu retrotransposition activity among prosimians. In contrast, Alu elements in anthropoids show a skewed distribution shifted toward more ancient elements with continual declining rates in recent Alu activity along the hominoid lineage of evolution. Using an integrated approach combining mutation profile and insertion/deletion analyses, we identified nine novel lineage-specific Alu subfamilies in lemur (seven), marmoset (one), and baboon/macaque (one) containing multiple diagnostic mutations distinct from their human counterparts-Alu J, S, and Y subfamilies, respectively. Among these primates, we show that that the lemur has the lowest density of Alu repeats (55 repeats/Mb), while marmoset has the greatest abundance (188 repeats/Mb). We estimate that similar to 70% of lemur and 16% of marmoset Alu elements belong to lineage-specific subfamilies. Our analysis has provided an evolutionary framework for further classification and refinement of the Alu repeat phylogeny. The differences in the distribution and rates of Alu activity have played an important role in subtly reshaping the structure of primate genomes. The functional consequences of these changes among the diverse primate lineages over such short periods of evolutionary time are an important area of future investigation. C1 [Liu, George E.] USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alkan, Can; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Alkan, Can; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jiang, Lu] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhao, Shaying] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zhao, Shaying] Univ Georgia, Dept Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM george.liu@ars.usda.gov; szhao@bmb.uga.edu RI Alkan, Can/D-2982-2009 OI Alkan, Can/0000-0002-5443-0706 FU USDA [1265-31000-090-00D]; National Institutes of Health [GM058815] FX This work was supported in part by CRIS Project No. 1265-31000-090-00D from USDA and by National Institutes of Health grant GM058815 to E. E. E. E. E. E. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 876 EP 885 DI 10.1101/gr.083972.108 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 440AA UT WOS:000265668800021 PM 19411604 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, SJ Ojima, DS Parton, WJ Stehfest, E Heistermann, M DeAngelo, B Rose, S AF Del Grosso, Stephen J. Ojima, Dennis S. Parton, William J. Stehfest, Elke Heistermann, Maik DeAngelo, Benjamin Rose, Steven TI Global scale DAYCENT model analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation strategies for cropped soils SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Annual Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE global change; greenhouse gas mitigation; ecosystem modeling; agriculture ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; N2O; AGRICULTURE; NITROGEN; NO AB Conversion of native vegetation to cropland and intensification of agriculture typically result in increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (mainly N(2)O and CH(4)) and more NO(3) leached below the root zone and into waterways. Agricultural soils are often a source but can also be a sink of CO(2). Regional and larger scale estimates of GHG emissions are usually obtained using IPCC emission factor methodology, which is associated with high uncertainty. To more realistically represent GHG emissions we used the DAYCENT biogeochemical model for non-rice major crop types (corn, wheat, soybean). IPCC methodology estimates N losses from croplands based solely on N inputs. In contrast, DAYCENT accounts for soil class, daily weather, historical vegetation cover, and land management practices such as crop type, fertilizer additions, and cultivation events. Global datasets of weather, soils, native vegetation, and cropping fractions were mapped to a 1.9 degrees x 1.9 degrees resolution. Non-spatial data (e.g., rates and dates of fertilizer applications) were assumed to be identical within crop types across regions. We compared model generated baseline GHG emissions and N losses for irrigated and rainfed cropping with land management alternatives intended to mitigate GHG emissions. Reduced fertilizer resulted in lower N losses, but crop yields were reduced by a similar proportion. Use of nitrification inhibitors and split fertilizer applications both led to increased (similar to 6%) crop yields but the inhibitor led to a larger reduction in N losses (similar to 10%). No-till cultivation, which led to C storage. combined with nitrification inhibitors, resulted in reduced GHG emissions of similar to 50% and increased crop yields of similar to 7%. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] ARS, USDA, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen J.; Ojima, Dennis S.; Parton, William J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stehfest, Elke; Heistermann, Maik] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, Kassel, Germany. [DeAngelo, Benjamin; Rose, Steven] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Resources Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM delgro@nrel.colostate.edu RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 34 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 8 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAY PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.006 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 455JC UT WOS:000266754000006 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, MJ Monson, RK Trahan, N Lee, S Brown, E Jackson, RB Polley, HW Fay, PA Fall, R AF Wilkinson, Michael J. Monson, Russell K. Trahan, Nicole Lee, Stanfield Brown, Erin Jackson, Robert B. Polley, H. Wayne Fay, Philip A. Fall, Ray TI Leaf isoprene emission rate as a function of atmospheric CO2 concentration SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric chemistry; CH4; climate change; forests; global change; O-3 ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; MONOTERPENE EMISSION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; RATE VARIABILITY; QUERCUS-ILEX; CLIMATE; MODEL AB There is considerable interest in modeling isoprene emissions from terrestrial vegetation, because these emissions exert a principal control over the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. We used a unique field experiment that employs a continuous gradient in CO2 concentration from 240 to 520 ppmv to demonstrate that isoprene emissions in Eucalyptus globulus were enhanced at the lowest CO2 concentration, which was similar to the estimated CO2 concentrations during the last Glacial Maximum, compared with 380 ppmv, the current CO2 concentration. Leaves of Liquidambar styraciflua did not show an increase in isoprene emission at the lowest CO2 concentration. However, isoprene emission rates from both species were lower for trees grown at 520 ppmv CO2 compared with trees grown at 380 ppmv CO2. When grown in environmentally controlled chambers, trees of Populus deltoides and Populus tremuloides exhibited a 30-40% reduction in isoprene emission rate when grown at 800 ppmv CO2, compared with 400 ppmv CO2. P. tremuloides exhibited a 33% reduction when grown at 1200 ppmv CO2, compared with 600 ppmv CO2. We used current models of leaf isoprene emission to demonstrate that significant errors occur if the CO2 inhibition of isoprene is not taken into account. In order to alleviate these errors, we present a new model of isoprene emission that describes its response to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The model logic is based on assumed competition between cytosolic and chloroplastic processes for pyruvate, one of the principal substrates of isoprene biosynthesis. C1 [Wilkinson, Michael J.; Monson, Russell K.; Trahan, Nicole; Lee, Stanfield; Brown, Erin] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Monson, Russell K.; Fall, Ray] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Polley, H. Wayne; Fay, Philip A.] USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Fall, Ray] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Monson, RK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Russell.Monson@colorado.edu OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU NSF [0543895]; EPA [RD-83145301] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant 0543895 and EPA Grant RD-83145301. We thank Dr Todd Rosenstiel for assistance in the initial establishment of the growth chambers and for stimulating discussions on the relationship between PEP carboxylase activity and Is and Dr Almut Arneth for stimulating discussions on the relationships between isoprene emissions and atmospheric [CO2]. The authors also thank Dr Keith Julian for discussions on the application of mathematical functions in biological systems. We also take this opportunity to thank the staff at the LYCOG project for their assistance in establishing and caring for plant material in the CO2 tunnels. NR 53 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1200 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01803.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431AM UT WOS:000265033700010 ER PT J AU Leakey, ADB Ainsworth, EA Bernard, SM Markelz, RJC Ort, DR Placella, SA Rogers, A Smith, MD Sudderth, EA Weston, DJ Wullschleger, SD Yuan, SH AF Leakey, Andrew D. B. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Bernard, Stephanie M. Markelz, R. J. Cody Ort, Donald R. Placella, Sarah A. Rogers, Alistair Smith, Melinda D. Sudderth, Erika A. Weston, David J. Wullschleger, Stan D. Yuan, Shenghua TI Gene expression profiling: opening the black box of plant ecosystem responses to global change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; genomic; microarray ID ELEVATED CO2; ECOLOGICAL GENOMICS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NITRATE REDUCTASE; GRAPHICAL MODELS; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; THLASPI-ARVENSE; STRESS AB The use of genomic techniques to address ecological questions is emerging as the field of genomic ecology. Experimentation under environmentally realistic conditions to investigate the molecular response of plants to meaningful changes in growth conditions and ecological interactions is the defining feature of genomic ecology. Because the impact of global change factors on plant performance are mediated by direct effects at the molecular, biochemical, and physiological scales, gene expression analysis promises important advances in understanding factors that have previously been consigned to the 'black box' of unknown mechanism. Various tools and approaches are available for assessing gene expression in model and nonmodel species as part of global change biology studies. Each approach has its own unique advantages and constraints. A first generation of genomic ecology studies in managed ecosystems and mesocosms have provided a testbed for the approach and have begun to reveal how the experimental design and data analysis of gene expression studies can be tailored for use in an ecological context. C1 [Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Markelz, R. J. Cody; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Ort, Donald R.] ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernard, Stephanie M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Placella, Sarah A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rogers, Alistair] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Rogers, Alistair] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Smith, Melinda D.; Yuan, Shenghua] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sudderth, Erika A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weston, David J.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leakey, ADB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM leakey@life.uiuc.edu RI Weston, David/A-9116-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Weston, David/0000-0002-4794-9913; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program; Program for Ecosystem Research [DE-FG02-04ER63849, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the DOE FX We acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program as part of its Program for Ecosystem Research. A. D. B. L., E. A. A., and D. R. O. were supported by grant no. DE-FG02-04ER63849. S. A. P., S. M. B., and E.A.S. were supported by contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A. R. was supported by contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 to Brookhaven National Laboratory. D. J. W. and S. D. W. were supported by contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 to UT-Battelle, LLC, which manages Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the DOE. NR 90 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1213 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01818.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431AM UT WOS:000265033700011 ER PT J AU Ruiz, EA Rinehart, JE Hayes, JL Zuniga, G AF Ruiz, Enrico A. Rinehart, John E. Hayes, Jane L. Zuniga, Gerardo TI Effect of geographic isolation on genetic differentiation in Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO HEREDITAS LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; PONDEROSAE HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BARK BEETLES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; INSECT POPULATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SCOLYTIDAE AB Genetic structure of phytophagous insects has been widely studied, however, relative influence of the effect of geographic isolation, the host plant or both has been subject of considerable debate. Several studies carried out on bark beetles in the genus Dendroctonus evaluated these factors; nonetheless, recent evidence has shown that genetic structuring is a more complex process. Our goal was to examine the effect of geographic isolation on genetic structure of the Douglas-fir beetle Dendroctonus pseudotsugae. We used mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences and RAPD markers. One hundred-seventy-two individuals were obtained from 17 populations, for which we analyzed 60 haplotypes (among 172 sequences of COI gene, 550 bp long) and 232 RAPD markers (7 primers). Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA and SAMOVA), F-statistics and linear regressions suggest that the genetic structure of D. pseudotsugae is strongly influenced by geographic distance. We found that D. pseudotsugae has high intra- and inter-population genetic variation compared with several other bark beetles. Genetic differences among populations based on COI and RAPD markers were correlated with geographic distance. The observed genetic differences between northern (Canada-USA) and southern (Mexico) populations on Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca confirm that these two sets of populations correspond to previously assigned subspecies. C1 [Ruiz, Enrico A.; Zuniga, Gerardo] Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol IPN, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Dept Zool, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Rinehart, John E.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Biol Program, La Grande, OR USA. [Hayes, Jane L.] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Zuniga, G (reprint author), Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol IPN, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Dept Zool, Carpio & Plan Ayala S-N, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM capotezu@hotmail.com FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [44887]; Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado-IPN [SIP-20060421]; Pacific Northwest Research Station FX Our thanks to Dr. Jaime Villa, Antonio Olivo, Francisco Bonilla and Sergio Quinones from Comision Nacional Forestal-Mexico (CONAFOR) for field assistance. We thank Malcolm Furniss, Karen E. Mock and Anthony I. Cognato for their review of the manuscript. The project was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT 44887) and Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado-IPN (SIP-20060421). JLH and JER were supported by the Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0018-0661 EI 1601-5223 J9 HEREDITAS JI Hereditas PD MAY PY 2009 VL 146 IS 2 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2009.02095.x PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 446HC UT WOS:000266111700006 PM 19490169 ER PT J AU Gao, HL Feng, WY Li, XL Xu, H Huang, LP Wang, ZY AF Gao, Hui-Ling Feng, Wan-Yu Li, Xiao-Ling Xu, He Huang, Liping Wang, Zhan-You TI Golgi apparatus localization of ZNT7 in the mouse cerebellum SO HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zinc transporter; Cerebellum; Purkinje cells; Bergmann cell; Mouse ID MAMMALIAN ZINC TRANSPORTER; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ABUNDANT EXPRESSION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BRAIN; GENE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; ZINC-TRANSPORTER-7 AB We have recently reported that four members of the zinc transporter (ZNT) family, ZNT1, ZNT3, ZNT4, and ZNT6, are abundantly expressed in the mouse cerebellum. In the present study, we reported that ZNT7 was present throughout the cerebellar cortex. ZNT7 immunoreactivity was predominately present in the somas and primary dendrites of the Purkinje cells. ZNT7 was also present in the Bergmann glial cell bodies as well as their radial processes, which extended into the molecular cell layer. Confocal immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the expression of ZNT7 overlapped with that of TGN38 in the somas of the Purkinje cells and granule cells. Immuno-electron microscopic study showed that ZNT7 was localized to the membrane of the Golgi apparatus in the somas of the Purkinje cells, Bergmann glial cells, and granule cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that a considerable amount of ZNT7 was expressed in the cerebellum. These findings suggest a significant role of ZNT7 in zinc homeostasis in the mouse cerebellum. C1 [Gao, Hui-Ling; Xu, He; Wang, Zhan-You] China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. [Feng, Wan-Yu] China Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Lab Clin Pharmacol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiao-Ling] Qiqihar Med Univ, Dept Anat, Qiqiha, Peoples R China. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. EM zhanyouw@hotmail.com FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30670722, 30770680]; New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-04-0288]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2005037008]; Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [SRFDP-20060159001]; United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS-5603-515-30-014-00D] FX The study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (30670722, 30770680), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-04-0288), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2005037008), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP-20060159001), and the United States Department of Agriculture (CRIS-5603-515-30-014-00D). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU F HERNANDEZ PI MURCIA PA PLAZA FUENSANTA 2-7 C, 30008 MURCIA, SPAIN SN 0213-3911 J9 HISTOL HISTOPATHOL JI Histol. Histopath. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 567 EP 572 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA 417ZG UT WOS:000264116400005 PM 19283665 ER PT J AU Sakk, E Schneider, DJ Myers, CR Cartinhour, SW AF Sakk, Eric Schneider, David J. Myers, Christopher R. Cartinhour, Samuel W. TI The Effect of Target Vector Selection on the Invariance of Classifier Performance Measures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Classification invariance; linear network; pseudo-inverse; supervised learning ID SECRETION SYSTEM; MACHINES AB In this paper, the multiclass supervised training problem is considered when a discrete set of classes is assumed. Upon generating affine models for finite data sets, we have observed the invariance of certain measures of performance after a trained classifier has been presented with test data of unknown classification. Specifically, after constructing mappings between training vectors and their desired targets, the class membership and ranking of test data has been found to remain either invariant or close to invariant under a transformation of the set of target vectors. Therefore, we derive conditions explaining how this type of invariance can arise when the multiclass problem is phrased in the context of linear networks. A bioinformatics example is then presented in order to demonstrate various principles outlined in this work. C1 [Sakk, Eric] Morgan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Schneider, David J.; Cartinhour, Samuel W.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Myers, Christopher R.] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ctr Adv Comp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cartinhour, Samuel W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sakk, E (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. EM eric.sakk@morgan.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); National Institutes of Health (NIH) [G12RR017581]; USDA-ARS [1907-21000-017-05] FX This work was supported by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Grant G12RR017581. The work of C. R. Myers was supported by USDA-ARS Project 1907-21000-017-05. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 20 IS 5 BP 745 EP 757 DI 10.1109/TNN.2008.2011809 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 441DD UT WOS:000265748600001 PM 19342348 ER PT J AU Song, M Ouyang, Z Liu, ZL AF Song, M. Ouyang, Z. Liu, Z. L. TI Discrete dynamical system modelling for gene regulatory networks of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural tolerance for ethanologenic yeast SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROBABILISTIC BOOLEAN NETWORKS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; IN-SILICO; CONVERSION; BIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; RNA AB Composed of linear difference equations, a discrete dynamical system (DDS) model was designed to reconstruct transcriptional regulations in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a bioethanol conversion inhibitor. The modelling aims at identification of a system of linear difference equations to represent temporal interactions among significantly expressed genes. Power stability is imposed on a system model under the normal condition in the absence of the inhibitor. Non-uniform sampling, typical in a time-course experimental design, is addressed by a log-time domain interpolation. A statistically significant DDS model of the yeast GRN derived from time-course gene expression measurements by exposure to HMF, revealed several verified transcriptional regulation events. These events implicate Yap1 and Pdr3, transcription factors consistently known for their regulatory roles by other studies or postulated by independent sequence motif analysis, suggesting their involvement in yeast tolerance and detoxification of the inhibitor. C1 [Song, M.; Ouyang, Z.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, MSC CS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Liu, Z. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Song, M (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, MSC CS, POB 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM joemsong@cs.nmsu.edu RI Ouyang, Zhengyu/P-3576-2014; OI Song, Mingzhou/0000-0002-6883-6547 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35504-17359]; National Cancer Institute [5U54CA132383]; New Mexico State University; National Science Foundation CREST [HRD-0420407] FX The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant number 2006-35504-17359 to ZLL and MS. The project described was supported in part by Grant Number 5U54CA132383 to MS from the National Cancer Institute and an Interdisciplinary Research Grant to MS from New Mexico State University. ZO has also been supported in part by the National Science Foundation CREST Grant number HRD-0420407. We acknowledge the use of supercomputers IBM BlueGene/L 'cyBlue' through Information Infrastructure Institute at Iowa State University and SGI Altix 8200 'Encanto' at New Mexico Computing Applications Center. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 203 EP U110 DI 10.1049/iet-syb.2008.0089 PG 35 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 458WX UT WOS:000267060600007 PM 19449980 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Ding, JQ Qu, Y Hu, HL Lin, MH Datta, A Larson, A Liu, GE Li, BR AF Zhang, Wei Ding, Jianqing Qu, Yan Hu, Hongliang Lin, Meihua Datta, Amit Larson, Alan Liu, George E. Li, Biaoru TI Genomic expression analysis by single-cell mRNA differential display of quiescent CD8 T cells from tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from in vivo liver tumours SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD8; gene expression profiling; quiescence; T cells; tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ID MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICE; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; CARCINOMA; PROTEIN; TIL; TOB AB We performed a genomic study combining single-cell mRNA differential display and RNA subtractive hybridization to elucidate CD8 T-cell quiescence/ignorance. By comparing actively maintained quiescent CD8 T cells from liver tumour tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with quiescent T cells at the single-cell level, we identified differentially expressed candidate genes by high-throughput screening and comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). While genes for the T-cell receptor, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor, TNF-related apoptpsis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and perforin were down-regulated, key genes such as Tob, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, lung Krupple-like factor (LKLF), Sno-A, Ski, Myc, Ets-2 repressor factor (ERF) and RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST/NRSF) complex were highly expressed in the quiescent TIL CD8 cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) further confirmed these results. A regulation model is proposed for actively maintained quiescence in CD8 T cells, including three components: up-regulation of the TGF-beta pathway, a shift in the MYC web and inhibition of the cell cycle. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Qu, Yan; Lin, Meihua; Datta, Amit; Li, Biaoru] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ding, Jianqing; Larson, Alan; Li, Biaoru] Rush Univ, Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Ding, Jianqing; Hu, Hongliang] Ruijin Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Ding, Jianqing; Hu, Hongliang] Shanghai Med Univ 2, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Liu, George E.] USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, BR (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Wood Basic Sci Bldg, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM jqding18@yahoo.com; george.liu@ars.usda.gov; brli1@juno.com FU National Cancer Institute [IRG-91-022-09]; USDA CRIS Project [1265-31000-090-00D] FX Under the support of former Dr H. D. Preisler, we set up the method of analysis of CD3, CD4 and CD8 cells from TILs. The work was supported by National Cancer Institute grant IRG-91-022-09 to BL as principal investigatorand in part by USDA CRIS Project No. 1265-31000-090-00D (to GEL). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 127 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02926.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 427MY UT WOS:000264784600009 PM 18778280 ER PT J AU Nicholson, TL Brockmeier, SL Loving, CL AF Nicholson, Tracy L. Brockmeier, Susan L. Loving, Crystal L. TI Contribution of Bordetella bronchiseptica Filamentous Hemagglutinin and Pertactin to Respiratory Disease in Swine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PATHOGEN-FREE PIGLETS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SYNDROME VIRUS; INTRANASAL INOCULATION; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; TRACHEAL COLONIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Bordetella bronchiseptica is pervasive in swine populations and plays multiple roles in respiratory disease. Most studies addressing virulence factors of B. bronchiseptica are based on isolates derived from hosts other than pigs. Two well-studied virulence factors implicated in the adhesion process are filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN). We hypothesized that both FHA and PRN would serve critical roles in the adhesion process and be necessary for colonization of the swine respiratory tract. To investigate the role of FHA and PRN in Bordetella pathogenesis in swine, we constructed mutants containing an in-frame deletion of the FHA or the PRN structural gene in a virulent B. bronchiseptica swine isolate. Both mutants were compared to the wild-type swine isolate for their ability to colonize and cause disease in swine. Colonization of the FHA mutant was lower than that of the wild type at all respiratory tract sites and time points examined and caused limited to no disease. In contrast, the PRN mutant caused similar disease severity relative to the wild type; however, colonization of the PRN mutant was reduced relative to the wild type during early and late infection and induced higher anti-Bordetella antibody titers. Together, our results indicate that despite inducing different pathologies and antibody responses, both FHA and PRN are necessary for optimal colonization of the swine respiratory tract. C1 [Nicholson, Tracy L.; Brockmeier, Susan L.; Loving, Crystal L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nicholson, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tracy.nicholson@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 77 IS 5 BP 2136 EP 2146 DI 10.1128/IAI.01379-08 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 434MX UT WOS:000265279900044 PM 19237531 ER PT J AU Gitau, CW Gundersen-Rindal, D Pedroni, M Dupas, S Mbugi, JP AF Gitau, Catherine Wanjiru Gundersen-Rindal, D. Pedroni, M. Dupas, S. Mbugi, J. P. TI Differential Expression of the CrV1 Haemocyte Inactivation-associated Polydnavirus Gene in the African Maize Stemborer Larvae Parasitized by Two Biotypes of the Endoparasitoid Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gitau, Catherine Wanjiru; Mbugi, J. P.] Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gundersen-Rindal, D.; Pedroni, M.] USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dupas, S.] CNRS, IRD, Lab Populat Genet & Evolut, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gitau, Catherine Wanjiru] ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya. EM cgitau@icipe.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 377 EP 378 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 446OE UT WOS:000266130100040 ER PT J AU Arakane, Y Dixit, R Begum, K Park, Y Specht, CA Merzendorfer, H Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S Beeman, RW AF Arakane, Yasuyuki Dixit, Radhika Begum, Khurshida Park, Yoonseong Specht, Charles A. Merzendorfer, Hans Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Beeman, Richard W. TI Analysis of functions of the chitin deacetylase gene family in Tribolium castaneum SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium; Chitin deacetylase; RNAi; Gene expression profile; RT-PCR; Phenotype; dsRNA; Trachea; Epidermis; Cuticle; Midgut ID PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; DROSOPHILA; PROTEINS; CUTICLE; MATRIX; ORGANIZATION; ENZYMES; BINDING; MIDGUT; BEETLE AB The expression profiles of nine genes encoding chitin deacetylase (CDA)-like proteins were studied during development and in various tissues of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, by RT-PCR. TcCDA1, TcCDA2 and TcCDA5 were expressed throughout all stages of development, while TcCDA6-9 were expressed predominantly during larval feeding stages. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that both TcCDA1 and TcCDA2 were expressed in epidermal cells. Polyclonal antibody to TcCDA1 detected an immunoreactive protein in larval tracheae. TcCDA6 through TcCDA9, which belong to a distinct subgroup of gut-specific CDAs, were transcribed in the cells lining the midgut, including epithelial cells. TcCDA3 was expressed in the thoracic muscles, whereas TcCDA4 was expressed in early imaginal appendages. To study the function(s) of individual TcCDA genes, double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) specific for each gene were injected into insects at different developmental stages and the phenotypes were monitored. No visible phenotypic changes were observed after injection of dsRNAs for TcCDA3 to 9, whereas injection of dsRNAs for TcCDA1 or TcCDA2 affected all types of molts, including larval-larval, larval-pupal and pupal-adult. Insects treated with these dsRNAs could not shed the old cuticle and were trapped in their exuviae. Interestingly, unique and very dissimilar adult phenotypes were observed after injection of dsRNAs that specifically down-regulated either of the two alternatively spliced transcripts of TcCDA2, namely TcCDA2a or TcCDA2b. These results reveal functional specialization among T castaneum CDA genes and splice variants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kramer, Karl J.; Beeman, Richard W.] ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Arakane, Yasuyuki; Dixit, Radhika; Kramer, Karl J.; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Begum, Khurshida; Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Specht, Charles A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Merzendorfer, Hans] Univ Osnabruck, Dept Biol Chem & Anim Physiol, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM richard.beeman@ars.usda.gov RI Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013 OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335 NR 19 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 5-6 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.02.002 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 464LA UT WOS:000267505200006 PM 19268706 ER PT J AU Sohn, KJ Jang, H Campan, M Weisenberger, DJ Dickhout, J Wang, YC Cho, RC Yates, Z Lucock, M Chiang, EP Austin, RC Choi, SW Laird, PW Kim, YI AF Sohn, Kyoung-Jin Jang, Hyeran Campan, Mihaela Weisenberger, Daniel J. Dickhout, Jeffrey Wang, Yi-Cheng Cho, Robert C. Yates, Zoe Lucock, Mark Chiang, En-Pei Austin, Richard C. Choi, Sang-Woon Laird, Peter W. Kim, Young-In TI The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation induces cell-specific changes in genomic DNA methylation and uracil misincorporation: A possible molecular basis for the site-specific cancer risk modification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE MTHFR C677T polymorphism; folate; colon cancer; breast cancer; DNA methylation; uracil misincorporation ID CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; COMMON MUTATION; BREAST-CANCER; FOLATE STATUS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; RIBOFLAVIN STATUS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; MTHFR GENOTYPE AB The C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with a decreased risk of colon cancer although it may, increase the risk of breast cancer. This polymorphism is associated with changes in intracellular folate cofactors, which may affect DNA methylation and synthesis via altered one-carbon transfer reactions. We investigated the effect of this mutation on DNA methylation and uracil misincorporation and its interaction with exogenous folate in further modulating these biomarkers of one-carbon transfer reactions in an ill vitro model of the MTHFR 677T mutation in HCT116 colon and MDA-MB-435 breast adenocarcinoma cells. In HCT116 cells, the MTHFR 677T mutation was associated with significantly increased genomic DNA methylation when folate supply was adequate or high; however, in the setting of folate insufficiency, this mutation was associated with significantly decreased genomic DNA methylation. In contrast. in MDA-MB-435 cells, the MTHFR 677T mutation was associated with significantly, decreased genomic DNA methylation when folate supply was adequate or high and with no effect when folate supply was low. The MTHFR 677T mutation was associated with a nonsignificant trend toward decreased and increased uracil misincorporation in HCT116 and MDA-MB-435 cells. respectively. Our data demonstrate for the first time a functional consequence of changes in intracellular folate cofactors resulting from the MTHFR 677T mutation in cells derived front the target organs of interest, thus providing a plausible cellular mechanism that may partly explain the site-specific modification of colon and breast cancer risks associated with the MTHFR C677T mutation. C1 [Sohn, Kyoung-Jin; Kim, Young-In] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Jang, Hyeran; Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Vitamin & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Campan, Mihaela; Weisenberger, Daniel J.; Laird, Peter W.] Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Surg & Biochem & Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Dickhout, Jeffrey; Austin, Richard C.] McMaster Univ, Henderson Res Ctr, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada. [Wang, Yi-Cheng; Chiang, En-Pei] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. [Cho, Robert C.; Kim, Young-In] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Kim, Young-In] St Michaels Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. RP Kim, YI (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Room 7258,Med Sci Bldg,1 Kings Coll Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. EM youngin.kim@utoronto.ca RI Laird, Peter/G-8683-2012 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [14126]; National Institutes of Health [R01 AG25834, R21 AA16691]; National Science Council of Taiwan [95-2320-B-005-008-MY3] FX Grant sponsor: Canadian Institutes of Health Research: Grant number: 14126; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health: Grant numbers: R01 AG25834. R21 AA16691: Grant sponsor: National Science Council of Taiwan; Grant number: 95-2320-B-005-008-MY3. NR 61 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 124 IS 9 BP 1999 EP 2005 DI 10.1002/ijc.24003 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 425OS UT WOS:000264647600001 PM 19123462 ER PT J AU Healy, RA Palmer, RG Horner, HT AF Healy, R. A. Palmer, R. G. Horner, H. T. TI MULTICELLULAR SECRETORY TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT ON SOYBEAN AND RELATED GLYCINE GYNOECIA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE annual; cultivar; Glycine; gynoecia; Leguminosae; soybean; trichomes; wild annual; wild perennial ID SEED-SET EVALUATION; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; PLANT TRICHOME; FLORAL NECTARY; DEFENSE; MAX; ARABIDOPSIS; NICOTIANA; LINES; POLLINATION AB Multicellular glandular trichomes form on gynoecia of wild annual Glycine species, annual soybean cultivars, and wild perennial Glycine species. These trichomes occur from the ovary base to the style base and, in perennial species, along the style as well. Trichomes form at least 2 d before anthesis, and new trichomes develop throughout flowering and also on young seed pods. Trichome structure is similar in all taxa examined, usually five to seven linearly arranged cells. Stalk cells with callose walls become highly vacuolate, and their cytoplasms have reduced numbers of Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum. During secretion, two to four distal cells develop dense cytoplasms containing both prominent Golgi bodies with large vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum with enlarged lumens. Both organelles are involved in forming carbohydrate/protein secretory products. Internal secretion begins with products exuding between the plasmalemma and the primary wall of each distal cell. Secretion progresses between the primary wall and the outermost cuticle that entirely covers the trichome, which is thicker and more highly modified than a normal cuticle. This cuticle separates from cell walls in secretion regions. Products are exuded outside, occur on the inner surface of trichome and gynoecium, and are more obvious in perennial than in annual taxa. The composition and function of products are unknown. C1 [Healy, R. A.; Horner, H. T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Healy, R. A.; Horner, H. T.] Iowa State Univ, Microscopy & NanoImaging Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palmer, R. G.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res CICGR Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horner, HT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hth@iastate.edu FU USDA Service Center Agency Current Research Information System [3625-21000-029-01S]; Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa 50011 FX This study is a joint contribution of the USDA-ARS CICGR Unit (R. G. Palmer), USDA Service Center Agency Current Research Information System project 3625-21000-029-01S (H. T. Horner), and the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa 50011, Project 4403 (R. G. Palmer). The microscopic work was carried out in the Microscopy and NanoImaging Facility. C. Van Allen helped with materials for the callose study. We thank Drs. R. Fujita, M. Ohara, K. Okazaki, and Y. Shimamoto for G. soja seed of the Ookawa- bashi population. We also thank Drs. Coralie Lashbrook and Nels R. Lersten for their helpful comments while reviewing the manuscript. The mention of a trade name or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA or Iowa State University and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 170 IS 4 BP 444 EP 456 DI 10.1086/597273 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 429NL UT WOS:000264927300002 ER PT J AU Vaishampayan, P Miyashita, M Ohnishi, A Satomi, M Rooney, A La Duc, MT Venkateswaran, K AF Vaishampayan, Parag Miyashita, Mika Ohnishi, Akihiro Satomi, Masataka Rooney, Alejandro La Duc, Myron T. Venkateswaran, Kasthuri TI Description of Rummeliibacillus stabekisii gen. nov., sp nov and reclassification of Bacillus pycnus Nakamura et al. 2002 as Rummeliibacillus pycnus comb. nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT-ASSEMBLY FACILITY; CLASSIFICATION; SPHAERICUS; RESISTANT; BACTERIA; PROPOSAL; NEIDEI; SPORES AB Strains of aerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, round-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from different geographical locations and a subsequent polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the T taxonomic position of the round-spore-forming isolates strain KSC-SF6g(T), strain M32 and strain NBRC 12622. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities demonstrated that these strains were most closely affiliated with Bacillus pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) (98%), with species of Kurthia (96%) and Viridibacillus (94-96%) as the next nearest relatives. However, while DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed approx. 70% reassociation among strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622, DNA-DNA hybridization values between these strains and B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) never exceeded 13%. Differences in the molecular structure of the cell-wall peptidoglycan could not differentiate these strains sufficiently from other closely related genera (Viridibacillus and Kurthia). However, Lys-Asp was present in strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622, whereas L-Lys-D-Glu was reported in B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T). The menaquinone MK-7 was dominant in strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622 and members of the genus Kurthia, whereas MK-8 was abundant in Viridibacillus species. Strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622 exhibited fatty acid profiles consisting of major amounts of anteiso-C(15:0) (similar to 50%) and iso-C(15:0) (similar to 25%) and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(17:0) (similar to 7%), which discriminated them from closely related B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) and species of Viridibacillus (iso-C15:0; 46-74%). The authors propose that strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622 and B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) be reclassified into a separate genus based on clear-cut differences in discriminative taxonomic markers and the distant placement of B. pycnus and the novel strains described herein from other species of this clade according to current 16S rRNA gene sequence-based relatedness (similar to 4% difference in sequence). We propose the placement of these isolates into the novel genus Rummeliibacillus gen. nov. For the new taxon comprising strains KSC-SF6g(T), M32 and NBRC 12622, we propose the name Rummeliibacillus stabekisii gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species of Rummeliibacillus), represented by the type strain KSC-SF6g(T) (=NRRL B-51320(T) =NBRC 104870(T)). In addition, Bacillus pycnus, which bears traits distinct from other round-spore-forming species [i.e. absence of growth at high NaCl (7%), positive reaction for gelatin liquefaction], is reclassified as Rummeliibacillus pycnus comb. nov. (type strain JCM 11075(T) =NRRL NRS-1691(T)) based on phylogenetic affiliations and phenotypic characterization. C1 [Vaishampayan, Parag; La Duc, Myron T.; Venkateswaran, Kasthuri] CALTECH, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Miyashita, Mika] Biol Res Ctr, Natl Inst Technol & Evaluat, Chiba 2920818, Japan. [Ohnishi, Akihiro] Tokyo Univ Agr, Dept Fermentat Sci, Fac Appl Biosci, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568502, Japan. [Satomi, Masataka] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Rooney, Alejandro] Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Venkateswaran, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kjvenkat@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NRA-ROSES; Cassie Conley FX The research described in this publication was carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research was funded by a 2006 NRA-ROSES grant. We are grateful to Cassie Conley for such funding. The authors extend thanks to Shariff Osman for sampling and to all of the members of the JPL Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group for technical assistancc. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 59 BP 1094 EP 1099 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.006098-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 450UL UT WOS:000266426400030 PM 19406799 ER PT J AU De Temmerman, N Anfinrud, M Meulemans, M Rick, K Burkholz, A De Bruyne, E Weyenes, G Barnes, S Horemans, S Lefebvre, M Bolton, MD AF De Temmerman, N. Anfinrud, M. Meulemans, M. Rick, K. Burkholz, A. De Bruyne, E. Weyenes, G. Barnes, S. Horemans, S. Lefebvre, M. Bolton, M. D. TI Rhizomania resistance in the Tandem (R) sugar beet variety SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; Rhizomania; sugar beet ID YELLOW-VEIN-VIRUS AB Rhizomania, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is a major disease of sugar beet world-wide. The 'Holly' resistance gene (Rz1) confers strong resistance to several BNYVV isolates and has been incorporated into most major sugar beet breeding lines. However, the threat presented by resistance-breaking isolates of BNYVV, to which the Holly gene does not confer adequate resistance, underscores the need for novel sources of Rhizomania-resistant germplasm. The Tandem (R) sugar beet variety combines resistances to BNYVV from two sources: the Rz1 gene and a proprietary Beta maritima-derived source. Beets from Tandem, Holly-mediated resistant, and susceptible non-Rz lines were harvested from replicated microplots with heavy Rhizomania disease pressure in the Red River Valley (Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S.), and were analyzed for virus accumulation, root yield, sugar content and juice purity parameters. BNYVV titers were significantly and uniformly lower in samples from Tandem (R) or Holly than those from the susceptible controls. C1 [De Temmerman, N.; Meulemans, M.; Burkholz, A.; De Bruyne, E.; Weyenes, G.; Barnes, S.; Horemans, S.; Lefebvre, M.] SESVanderHave, B-3300 Tienen, Belgium. [Anfinrud, M.; Rick, K.] SESVanderHave, Fargo, ND 58104 USA. [Bolton, M. D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP De Temmerman, N (reprint author), SESVanderHave, Soldatenpl 15, B-3300 Tienen, Belgium. EM nele.detemmerman@sesvanderhave.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1325 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 447DZ UT WOS:000266173100006 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Compton, DL Boateng, AA AF Jackson, Michael A. Compton, David L. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Screening heterogeneous catalysts for the pyrolysis of lignin SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis CY MAY 18-23, 2008 CL Lanzarote, SPAIN SP Spanish Minist Sci & Innovat, Spanish Council Sci Res, Univ Las Palmas de Gran Canaria DE Pyrolysis; Liquefaction; Lignin; Zeolites; MCM-41; HDS catalyst ID PHOSPHORIC-ACID CATALYST; CHAR SEPARATION SYSTEM; BIOMASS PYROLYSIS; FLUIDIZED-BED; BIO-OIL; YIELDS; PLANT; PINE AB The pyrolytic conversion of pure lignin at 600 degrees C in flowing helium over five catalysts is described and compared to the control bed material, sand. Product distribution as char, liquid, and gas are described as well as the composition of the liquid and gas fractions. The catalysts examined were HZSM-5, KZSM-5, Al-MCM-41, solid phosphoric acid, and a hydrotreating catalyst, (Co/Mo/Al(2)O(3)). The sand yielded a liquid phase that was 97% oxygenated aromatics and a gas phase that was CO (18 vol%), CO(2) (16 vol%), and CH(4) (12 vol%). HZSM-5 was the best catalyst for producing a deoxygenated liquid fraction yielded almost equal amounts of simple aromatics (46.7%) and naphthalenic ring compounds (46.2%). The gas phase over this catalyst consisted of CO (22 vol%), CO(2) (14 vol%), H(2) (12 vol%), and CH(4) (10 vol%). The Co/Mo/Al(2)O(3) hydrotreating catalyst yielded a liquid consisting of 21% aromatics, 4% naphthalenics, and 75% oxygenated aromatics and a gas phase that was rich in hydrogen: H(2) (18 vol%), CO(2) (16 vol%), CO (12 vol%), and CH(4) (8 vol%). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jackson, Michael A.; Compton, David L.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Boateng, Akwasi A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Michael.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 8 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.09.016 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 451HL UT WOS:000266461200029 ER PT J AU Alexander, LJ Kuehn, LA Smith, TPL Matukumalli, LK Mote, B Koltes, JE Reecy, J Geary, TW Rule, DC MacNeil, MD AF Alexander, L. J. Kuehn, L. A. Smith, T. P. L. Matukumalli, L. K. Mote, B. Koltes, J. E. Reecy, J. Geary, T. W. Rule, D. C. MacNeil, M. D. TI A Limousin specific myostatin allele affects longissimus muscle area and fatty acid profiles in a Wagyu-Limousin F-2 population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass; cattle; Limousin; myostatin; quantitative trait locus; Wagyu ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CARCASS TRAITS; JAPANESE BLACK; CATTLE BREEDS; BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH; ASSOCIATION; MUTATIONS; SINGLE; STEERS AB A microsatellite-based genome scan of a Wagyu x Limousin F-2 cross population previously demonstrated QTL affecting LM area and fatty acid composition were present in regions near the centromere of BTA2. In this study, we used 70 SNP markers to examine the centromeric 24 megabases (Mb) of BTA2, including the Limousin-specific F94L myostatin allele (AB076403.1; 415C > A) located at approximately 6 Mb on the draft genome sequence of BTA2. A significant effect of the F94L marker was observed (F = 60.17) for LM area, which indicated that myostatin is most likely responsible for the effect. This is consistent with previous reports that the substitution of Leu for Phe at AA 94 of myostatin (caused by the 415C > A transversion) is associated with increased muscle growth. Surprisingly, several fatty acid trait QTL, which affected the amount of unsaturated fats, also mapped to or very near the myostatin marker, including the ratio of C16:1 MUFA to C16:0 saturated fat (F = 16.72), C18:1 to C18:0 (F = 18.88), and total content of MUFA (F = 17.12). In addition, QTL for extent of marbling (F = 14.73) approached significance (P = 0.05), and CLA concentration (F = 9.22) was marginally significant (P = 0.18). We also observed associations of SNP located at 16.3 Mb with KPH (F = 15.00) and for the amount of SFA (F = 12.01). These results provide insight into genetic differences between the Wagyu and Limousin breeds and may lead to a better tasting and healthier product for consumers through improved selection for lipid content of beef. C1 [Alexander, L. J.; Geary, T. W.; MacNeil, M. D.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT USA. [Kuehn, L. A.; Smith, T. P. L.] USDA ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Matukumalli, L. K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Mote, B.; Koltes, J. E.; Reecy, J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rule, D. C.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Alexander, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Miles City, MT USA. EM lee.alexander@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1576 EP 1581 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1531 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 434CU UT WOS:000265253600002 PM 19213716 ER PT J AU Whitley, NC O'Brien, DJ Quinn, RW Keisler, DH Walker, EL Brown, MA AF Whitley, N. C. O'Brien, D. J. Quinn, R. W. Keisler, D. H. Walker, E. L. Brown, M. A. TI Milk leptin in sows and blood leptin and growth of their offspring SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; leptin; milk; pig; relationship; sow ID RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; PLASMA LEPTIN; SERUM LEPTIN; BODY CONDITION; BREAST-MILK; BIRTH; FAT; THERMOREGULATION; EXPRESSION; ADIPOSITY AB Twenty-one mixed-parity (average 2.4 +/- 0.49) crossbred sows and their offspring were used to determine whether sow milk leptin at farrowing was related to neonatal serum leptin and pig growth to weaning. During farrowing, pigs were randomly allotted to suckling (n = 99) or delayed suckling (n = 89) groups, with delayed suckling pigs placed in a group pen apart from the dam before suckling. Both groups had access to heat lamps. Colostrum samples were collected no more than 2 h after farrowing the first pig. Blood samples were collected from all pigs approximately 2 h after farrowing was complete; pigs were then ear notched and returned to their dams. Pig BW was recorded at 1.2 +/- 0.04 d of age and again at weaning. Milk and blood serum were collected after centrifugation; leptin concentrations were estimated using RIA. Leptin was detected in colostral milk, as expected, and averaged 46.0 +/- 1.1 ng/mL. Pig serum leptin (P < 0.02) was greater in suckling pigs than in delayed suckling pigs, averaging 0.69 +/- 0.08 and 0.54 +/- 0.07 ng/mL, respectively. Although male pigs were heavier (P < 0.01) at birth than female pigs (1,507 +/- 52 vs. 1,381 +/- 43 g), ADG to weaning and weaning weights were similar for both sexes, averaging 229 +/- 14 g and 5,829 +/- 323 g, respectively, for all pigs; serum leptin concentrations were not affected by sex of the pig. Milk serum leptin was not associated with litter size, parity, pig birth weight, ADG to weaning, or weaning weight. Suckling status did not influence ADG to weaning or weaning weight of pigs; neonatal pig serum leptin was not related to birth weight, weaning weight, or ADG to weaning. These results indicate that leptin is not directly related to early neonatal growth in the pig; however, more indepth studies are needed to determine possible indirect or long-term effects of early leptin exposure. C1 [Whitley, N. C.; O'Brien, D. J.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Quinn, R. W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Keisler, D. H.; Walker, E. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Brown, M. A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Whitley, NC (reprint author), N Carolina A&T State Univ CEP, POB 21928, Greensboro, NC 27420 USA. EM ncwhitle@ncat.edu RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1659 EP 1663 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1568 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 434CU UT WOS:000265253600012 PM 19181768 ER PT J AU Puchala, R Tovar-Luna, I Sahlu, T Freetly, HC Goetsch, L AF Puchala, R. Tovar-Luna, I. Sahlu, T. Freetly, H. C. Goetsch, L. TI Technical Note: The relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure in growing crossbred Boer and Spanish wethers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; goat; heart rate ID MEAT GOATS; MAINTENANCE; PASTURE; BALANCE; SHEEP; VALIDATION; BEHAVIOR; CATTLE; LEVEL; DIETS AB Eight Boer (75%) x Spanish (BS) and 8 Spanish (S) wethers (155 +/- 8 d of age and 19.2 +/- 2.3 kg of BW initially) were used in a replicated crossover design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine effects of genotype, diet quality, and time of day on energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), and EE: HR with ad libitum, near maintenance, and fasting levels of feed intake. Diets were 65% concentrate or coarsely ground alfalfa hay. Energy expenditure was ranked (P < 0.05) ad libitum > maintenance > fasting (500, 390, and 270 kJ/kg of metabolic BW). Heart rate did not differ between genotypes when fasting and with maintenance intake, but was greater (P < 0.05) for S than for BS when intake was ad libitum (BS: 55, 71, and 92; S: 52, 72, and 100 beats/min for fasting, maintenance, and ad libitum, respectively, SEM = 2.0). There was an interaction in EE: HR (P < 0.05) between level of feed intake and genotype (BS: 5.31, 5.59, and 5.00; S: 5.07, 5.57, and 5.22 kJ/kg of metabolic BW: beat/min for ad libitum, maintenance, and fasting, respectively, SEM = 0.13), without an effect of diet. The effect of time on EE, HR, and EE: HR differed among levels of intake (P < 0.05). General patterns of change in EE and HR as time of day advanced did not differ, but increases near meals followed by decreases were of slightly greater magnitude for maintenance than for ad libitum intake. The ratio of EE: HR was greater for the maintenance level of feed intake than for ad libitum intake at most times. These results indicate similar potential for use of HR to predict EE of different genotypes of growing meat goats and that establishing EE: HR with different diets or levels of intake may not be crucial. Magnitudes of difference among hours suggest that when EE: HR is used to predict EE of confined goats from full-day measurement of HR, EE: HR should be determined over an extended period of time, such as 24 h. C1 [Puchala, R.; Tovar-Luna, I.; Sahlu, T.; Goetsch, L.] Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. [Tovar-Luna, I.] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Unidad Reg Univ Zonas Aridas, Bermejillo, Dgo, Mexico. [Freetly, H. C.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Puchala, R (reprint author), Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. EM rpuchala@luresext.edu FU USDA [99-38814-9500] FX This project was supported by USDA Project Number 99-38814-9500. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1714 EP 1721 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1561 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 434CU UT WOS:000265253600018 PM 19213708 ER PT J AU Murphy, RGL Scanga, JA Powers, BE Pilon, JL VerCauteren, KC Nash, PB Smith, GC Belk, KE AF Murphy, R. G. L. Scanga, J. A. Powers, B. E. Pilon, J. L. VerCauteren, K. C. Nash, P. B. Smith, G. C. Belk, K. E. TI Alkaline hydrolysis of mouse-adapted scrapie for inactivation and disposal of prion-positive material SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkaline hydrolysis; commercial rendering; mouse model; prion inactivation ID RENDERING PROCEDURES; AGENT; DISEASE AB Prion diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease, and scrapie pose serious risks to human and animal health due to a host of disease-specific factors, including the resistance of infectious prions (PrP(Sc)) to natural degradation and to most commercial inactivation procedures. In an attempt to address this concern, a mouse model was used to compare the efficacy of an alkaline hydrolysis process with a simulated continuous-flow rendering treatment for disposal of PrP(Sc)-infected biological material. Female C57/BL6 mice (N = 120) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (n = 30), and each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with their designated treatment inoculum. Treatment groups 1 and 2 served as the positive and negative controls, respectively. Group 3 was inoculated with rendered scrapie-positive mouse brain material to investigate the effectiveness of simulated continuous-flow rendering practices to reduce or eliminate PrP(Sc). Group 4 was inoculated with hydrolyzed scrapie-positive mouse brain material to determine the sterilizing effect of alkaline hydrolysis on PrP(Sc). Mice were monitored for overt signs of disease, and those showing clinical signs were killed to prevent undue suffering. Brains were obtained from all mice that died (or were killed) and analyzed with an ELISA for the presence of PrP(Sc). Results indicated that the simulated continuous-flow rendering treatment used for preparing the rendering treatment group inoculum failed to completely eliminate PrP(Sc). Rendering delayed, but did not stop, clinical mouse-adapted scrapie transmission. Compared with positive controls, the rendering treatment group experienced an approximate 45-d average delay in days to death (250 vs. 205 d for positive controls; P < 0.0001) and a death loss of 73.9% (P = 0.0094). Positive controls suffered 100% death loss. The results validated the efficacy of the alkaline hydrolysis treatment to inactivate all PrP(Sc) because no alkaline hydrolysis treatment group mice succumbed to the disease (P < 0.0001). Based on our results, alkaline hydrolysis should be considered by the animal rendering and beef packing industries as an alternative to incineration, landfill burial, and rendering for disposing of biological material potentially infected or contaminated with prion disease. C1 [Murphy, R. G. L.; Scanga, J. A.; Smith, G. C.; Belk, K. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Meat Safety & Qual, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Powers, B. E.] Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pilon, J. L.; VerCauteren, K. C.; Nash, P. B.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Belk, KE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Meat Safety & Qual, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM keith.belk@colostate.edu FU Beef Checkoff FX Funded by the Beef Checkoff. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1787 EP 1793 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1492 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 434CU UT WOS:000265253600027 PM 19098230 ER PT J AU Calegare, L Alencar, MM Packer, IU Leme, PR Ferrell, CL Lanna, DPD AF Calegare, L. Alencar, M. M. Packer, I. U. Leme, P. R. Ferrell, C. L. Lanna, D. P. D. TI Preweaning performance and body composition of calves from straightbred Nellore and Bos taurus x Nellore crosses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE average daily gain; crossbreeding; energy requirement; retained energy; weaning weight ID BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH-RATE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; CROSSBRED COWS; WEANING TRAITS; NURSING CALVES; FORAGE INTAKE; MILK INTAKE; EFFICIENCY AB The objectives were to evaluate preweaning performance, body composition, and efficiency of calves representing straightbred Nellore (NL), F(1), and 3-breed-cross systems. Energy requirements, milk production, and efficiency of 39 cow-calf pairs were recorded from straightbred NL calves from NL cows (10), crossbred (Angus-sired) calves from NL cows (ANL: 9), and crossbred calves (CC; Canchim-sired: 5/8 Charolais, 3/8 Zebu) from ANL (10) and Simmental x NL (10) cows. Cows and their respective calves were individually fed from birth to weaning (17 to 190 d postpartum). At 38 d of age, corn silage (7.8% CP, 2.19 Mcal of ME/kg of DM) was available to calves ad libitum. Milk production at 42, 98, 126, and 180 d postpartum was recorded by weighing calves before and after suckling. The ratio between GE and ME of milk was considered 1:0.93. Calves were slaughtered at weaning and the 9th-, 10th-, and 11th-rib section was removed for body composition estimation. The ANL calves were lighter (P < 0.01) at birth than the CC calves; the NL calves were intermediate. At weaning, the CC calves were heavier (P = 0.04) than the NL and ANL calves (230 +/- 5.5 vs. 172 +/- 8.1 and 209 +/- 8.6 kg, respectively). The ANL calves had greater (371 +/- 27 Mcal; P = 0.01) silage intake than the NL (270 +/- 25 Mcal) and CC (279 +/- 17 Mcal) calves. Milk energy intake was greater for the CC calves (970 +/- 38 Mcal of ME; P = 0.005) than the NL (670 +/- 57 Mcal of ME) and ANL (743 +/- 61 Mcal of ME) calves. The ANL calves compensated for the reduced milk production of the NL cows, which supplied less of their energy requirement for growth by increased silage intake. Calves from crossbred cows received a greater proportion of their total energy intake from milk. Crossbred calves had greater (P < 0.03) retained energy (retained energy = weaning body energy - birth body energy) than the NL calves (388 +/- 23 for ANL, and 438 +/- 15 for CC vs. 312 +/- 22 Mcal for NL calves). Percentages of water (P = 0.74) and chemical fat (P = 0.51) were similar among groups (63.7 +/- 0.6 and 14.3 +/- 0.7% for ANL calves, 63.1 +/- 0.4 and 14.7 +/- 0.5% for CC calves, and 63.3 +/- 0.6 and 13.7 +/- 0.7% of empty BW for water and chemical fat, respectively, for NL calves). Energetic efficiency (kcal of retained energy/Mcal of ME intake) was similar (P = 0.52) among groups (358 +/- 22 for ANL calves, 355 +/- 14 for CC calves, and 327 +/- 22 for NL calves). The greater BW gains and the differences in empty body composition at weaning were not enough to compensate for the greater ME intake of crossbreds. In this study, the crossbreeding systems evaluated increased preweaning calf performance but did not affect gross or energetic calf efficiency. C1 [Calegare, L.; Packer, I. U.; Lanna, D. P. D.] Univ Sao Paulo, Escuela Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Dept Anim Prod, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Alencar, M. M.] EMBRAPA, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Leme, P. R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anim Prod, Fac Zootecn & Engn Alimentos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ferrell, C. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lanna, DPD (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Escuela Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Dept Anim Prod, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM dplanna@esalq.usp.br RI Leme, Paulo/C-8193-2011; Alencar, Mauricio/E-1739-2012; Lanna, Dante /J-5475-2014 OI Lanna, Dante /0000-0002-7082-8853 FU Embrapa; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Instituto de Zootecnia-Animal Research Center (Nova Odessa, Sao Paulo, Brazil); State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) FX This research was conducted under a cooperative agreement among Embrapa, Universidade de Sao Paulo, and Instituto de Zootecnia-Animal Research Center (Nova Odessa, Sao Paulo, Brazil). Financial support was granted from the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and Embrapa. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1814 EP 1820 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0758 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 434CU UT WOS:000265253600030 PM 19122045 ER PT J AU Taylor, JB Reynolds, LP Redmer, DA Caton, JS AF Taylor, J. B. Reynolds, L. P. Redmer, D. A. Caton, J. S. TI Maternal and fetal tissue selenium loads in nulliparous ewes fed supranutritional and excessive selenium during mid- to late pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fetus; pregnancy; selenium; selenomethionine; toxicity ID ORGANICALLY BOUND SELENIUM; DIETARY METHIONINE; INORGANIC SELENIUM; SODIUM SELENITE; SELENOMETHIONINE; METABOLISM; LAMBS; RATS; SELENOCYSTEINE; ACCUMULATION AB The objective was to describe the effects of dietary Se concentration and source on fetal and maternal Se load when fed to nulliparous ewes during mid- to late pregnancy. Pregnant, nulliparous ewes (n = 32; 45.6 +/- 2.3 kg; 330 +/- 17 d of age) were randomly assigned to treatment diets. Treatments were 3.5 mu g of Se.kg of BW(-1).d(-1) from the basal Se in the diet (C1X); 75 (S20X) and 350 (S100X) mu g of Se.kg of BW(-1).d(-1), with additional Se from supplemental sodium selenate; and 75 mu g of Se.kg of BW(-1).d(-1), with additional Se from naturally occurring Se-enriched wheat grain (W20X). Treatment diets were initiated at d 50 of pregnancy and continued until slaughter at d 134 +/- 4 of pregnancy. Plasma samples were collected from the ewes immediately before treatments commenced and every 14 d for 70 d. At slaughter, plasma was collected from ewes and their fetuses. Ewes were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 consecutive slaughter days. Maternal and fetal LM, kidney, and liver samples were collected and stored. Tissue and plasma samples were analyzed for Se. Compared with other treatments, S100X resulted in the greatest maternal tissue and plasma Se loads (P < 0.001). However, based on the total amount of Se consumed during the treatment period, efficiency of Se loading was greatest for the W20X treatment. Compared with C1X and S20X, Se loading in fetal tissues and plasma was greater (P < 0.01) for S100X and W20X treatments. In S100X-treated ewes, maternal plasma Se increased rapidly from d 50 to 64 but remained unchanged thereafter. Maternal plasma Se increased steadily throughout the experiment in W20X and S20X ewes, but remained unchanged in C1X throughout the study. Sodium selenate fed at 350 mu g of Se.kg of BW(-1).d(-1) and Se-enriched wheat grain at 75 mu g of Se.kg of BW(-1).d(-1) to nulliparous pregnant ewes neither induced signs of selenosis nor negatively influenced ewe or fetal growth and development. Therefore, ewes in this study were capable of consuming greater than twice the current Se maximum tolerable limit as sodium selenate without experiencing selenosis. Selenium from Se-enriched wheat grain treatment seemed to cross the placenta to the fetus at greater efficiency than did Se from sodium selenate and was equivalent in Se-loading potential to sodium selenate-Se that was fed at nearly 5 times the amount of wheat grain Se. C1 [Taylor, J. B.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Reynolds, L. P.; Redmer, D. A.; Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Taylor, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM bret.taylor@ars.usda.gov RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2003-35206-13621, 2005-35206-15281]; National Institutes of Health [HL 64141]; USDA [00-52102-9636] FX This project was supported partially by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2003-35206-13621 and 2005-35206-15281 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, by National Institutes of Health Grant HL 64141, and partially by USDA-Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Grant No. 00-52102-9636. Gratitude is expressed to employees of the Animal Nutrition and Physiology Center and the Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratories for their contributions to this project. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1828 EP 1834 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1534 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 434CU UT WOS:000265253600032 PM 19151151 ER PT J AU Fukova, I Neven, LG Barcenas, NM Gund, NA Dalikova, M Marec, F AF Fukova, I. Neven, L. G. Barcenas, N. M. Gund, N. A. Dalikova, M. Marec, F. TI Rapid assessment of the sex of codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) eggs and larvae SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; molecular markers; period gene; sex chromatin; sex chromosomes; sex identification ID W-CHROMOSOME; BOMBYX-MORI; ANTHERAEA-PERNYI; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CHROMATIN; DNA; PERIOD; WOLBACHIA; EVOLUTION; SILKWORM AB Two different methods were tested to identify the sex of the early developmental stages of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a WZ/ZZ (female/male) sex chromosome system. First, it was shown that the sex of all larval stages can be easily determined by the presence or absence of sex chromatin, which is formed by the female-specific W chromosome in interphase nuclei. This trait can also be used to identify the sex of newly hatched larvae but it does require care and accuracy. Secondly, a new sexing technique was developed based on a molecular marker of the codling moth W chromosome. Flanking regions of an earlier described W-specific sequence (CpW2) were isolated and sequenced and a 2.74 kb sequence (CpW2-EcoRI), specific for the W chromosome, was obtained. Several PCR tests were conducted, which confirmed that the CpW2-EcoRI sequence is a reliable marker for the sex identification in codling moth samples of different geographical origin. In addition, a fragment of a codling moth gene, period (Cpper) was isolated and sequenced. Results of southern hybridization of the Cpper probe with female and male genomic DNA suggested that the Cpper gene is located on the Z chromosome. Then a multiplex PCR assay was developed, which co-amplified the CpW2-EcoRI sequence to identify the W chromosome and the Z-linked Cpper sequence, which served as a positive control of accurate processing of tested samples. The multiplex PCR provides an easy and rapid identification of the sex of embryos and early larval instars of the codling moth. C1 [Fukova, I.; Dalikova, M.; Marec, F.] Univ S Bohemia, Biol Ctr ASCR, Inst Entomol, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Fukova, I.; Dalikova, M.; Marec, F.] Univ S Bohemia, Fac Sci, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Neven, L. G.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA USA. [Barcenas, N. M.] Heritage Univ, Dept Sci, Toppenish, WA USA. [Gund, N. A.] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, Jena, Germany. [Gund, N. A.] Res Ctr Geisenheim, Sect Phytomed, Gelsenheim, Germany. RP Marec, F (reprint author), Univ S Bohemia, Biol Ctr ASCR, Inst Entomol, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. EM marec@entu.cas.cz RI Fukova, Iva/G-9415-2014; Dalikova, Martina/J-5722-2015; Marec, Frantisek/G-7943-2014 OI Fukova, Iva/0000-0002-2472-0665; FU International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria [58-5352-4-F004, 12055/R]; Entomology Institute project [Z50070508]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, Prague [206/06/1860]; Federal Organic Farming Scheme [05OE023/2]; Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE) of Germany FX We would like to thank Linda Rehfield-Ray and Anne Kenny Chapman at the USDA-ARS-YARL for their technical assistance and Tom Unruh for his continued support and interest in this project (all Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, USA). The technical assistance of Marie Korchova (Institute of Entomology, CeskE Budejovice, Czech Republic) is also highly appreciated. The authors also thank Sylvia Dorn (Institute of Plant Science, Zurich, Switzerland), Peter Neulichedl and Roland Zelger (Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Laimburg, Italy), Scott Arthur (Okanagan-Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Program, Osoyoos, BC, Canada) and Oldrich Pultar (Biola Chelcice, Czech Republic) for donations of codling moth samples used in molecular analyses. This research was supported by Research Contracts no. 58-5352-4-F004 (L.G.N. and N.M.B.) and 12055/R (F.M. and I.F.) of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. F.M., I.F. and M.D. were also supported from the Entomology Institute project Z50070508, and by grant 206/06/1860 of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, Prague. Support by a grant of the Federal Organic Farming Scheme (05OE023/2) of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE) of Germany to N.A.G. is also acknowledged. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 133 IS 4 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01352.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 431BF UT WOS:000265035600003 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, W. L. TI Insecticide, sugar, and diet effects on feeding and mortality in Rhagoletis indifferens (Dipt., Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE western cherry fruit fly; neonicotinoids; feeding duration; paralysis and mortality ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; MAGGOT FLIES DIPTERA; APPLE MAGGOT; BAIT; RESPONSES; SPINOSAD; GF-120; ADULT; ATTRACTION; SPHERES AB The effects of spinosad bait and various insecticides, the presence of sugar in insecticides, and diet on feeding responses and mortality in western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Dipt., Tephritidae), were determined. Numbers of feeding events on insecticides with sugar were greater than on insecticides alone, but there was only a small effect of diet on feeding responses to insecticides with sugar. Feeding durations on imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid with sugar were shorter than on sugar water and spinosad bait, as the neonicotinoids paralysed flies quickly. Flies that fed on sugar only (nitrogen-starved) suffered higher mortalities when exposed to spinosad, thiamethoxam and azinphos-methyl than to imidacloprid, acetamiprid and indoxacarb, and mortality in between these two groups of treatments when exposed to spinosad bait. Mortalities were greater when sugar was added to insecticides, and were higher in nitrogen-starved than fully-fed (yeast extract + sugar fed) flies. Flies that fed once on thiamethoxam were killed more quickly than those that fed once on spinosad bait and spinosad. Results suggest that thiamethoxam is comparable to spinosad in its effects on mortality, and that using it with sugar in bait may also have similar results as using spinosad bait or spinosad. One benefit of using thiamethoxam with sugar may be that it kills flies more quickly, before they can oviposit, than spinosad bait, although whether a fly will feed on it may depend on how much sugar or nitrogenous food it has eaten. C1 ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Laboratory, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Laboratory, Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research and Oregon Sweet Cherry Commissions FX I thank Katie Mackie, Robert Goughnour, and Janine Jewett (USDA-ARS) for invaluable assistance with tests, Dean Christie and Harvey Yoshida for supplying test materials, Roger Vargas (USDA-ARS, Hilo, Hawaii) and Carol Lauzon (California State University, East Bay) for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript, two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, and the Washington Tree Fruit Research and Oregon Sweet Cherry Commissions for funding. This paper presents results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not represent an endorsement or recommendation for its use by USDA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 133 IS 4 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01359.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 431BF UT WOS:000265035600009 ER PT J AU Alfieri, JG Blanken, PD Smith, D Morgan, J AF Alfieri, Joseph G. Blanken, Peter D. Smith, David Morgan, Jack TI Concerning the Measurement and Magnitude of Heat, Water Vapor, and Carbon Dioxide Exchange from a Semiarid Grassland SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; BOWEN-RATIO METHOD; EDDY-CORRELATION; CO2 FLUX; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; CHAMBER MEASUREMENTS; FETCH REQUIREMENTS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE AB Grassland environments constitute approximately 40% of the earth's vegetated surface, and they play a key role in a number of processes linking the land surface with the atmosphere. To investigate these linkages, a variety of techniques, including field and modeling studies, are required. Using data collected at the Central Plains Experimental Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado from 25 March to 10 November 2004, this study compares two common ways of measuring turbulent fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and carbon dioxide in the field: the eddy covariance (EC) and Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) methods. The turbulent fluxes measured by each of these methods were compared in terms of magnitude and seasonal behavior and were combined to calculate eddy diffusivities and examine turbulent transport. Relative to the EC method, the BREB method tended to overestimate the magnitude of the sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes. As a result, substantial differences in both the diurnal pattern and long-term magnitudes of the water and carbon budgets were apparent depending on which method was used. These differences arise from (i) the forced closure of the surface energy balance and (ii) the assumption of similarity between the eddy diffusivities required by the BREB method. An empirical method was developed that allows the BREB and EC datasets to be reconciled; this method was tested successfully using data collected at the CPER site during 2005. Ultimately, however, the BREB and EC methods show important differences that must be recognized and taken into account when analyzing issues related to the energy, water, or carbon cycles. C1 [Alfieri, Joseph G.; Blanken, Peter D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smith, David; Morgan, Jack] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Alfieri, JG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jalfieri@purdue.edu OI BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0236885, DEB-0217631] FX The authors thank Jen Wolchansky for her assistance in collecting data in the field and Kiran Alapaty, Bill Lauenroth, Dan LeCain, Peggy LeMone, Steve Oncley, and Bill Parton for their invaluable discussions and insight in furthering this research. They also thank Megan O'Connell for her support in developing this manuscript. Last, the authors thank Roger Pielke Sr., Bill Dugas, and Andy Black who reviewed an earlier version of this manuscript and the three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the quality and clarity of this paper. Also, the authors acknowledge funding for this research from the National Science Foundation (Grants ATM-0236885 and DEB-0217631). NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 982 EP 996 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1873.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452KE UT WOS:000266538100006 ER PT J AU Thakur, S White, DG McDermott, PF Zhao, S Kroft, B Gebreyes, W Abbott, J Cullen, P English, L Carter, P Harbottle, H AF Thakur, S. White, D. G. McDermott, P. F. Zhao, S. Kroft, B. Gebreyes, W. Abbott, J. Cullen, P. English, L. Carter, P. Harbottle, H. TI Genotyping of Campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; Campylobacter coli; humans; multilocus sequence typing; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; retail meats ID SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISCRIMINATORY ABILITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; JEJUNI STRAINS; UNITED-STATES; CHICKEN; PREVALENCE AB To determine the antimicrobial resistant profiles and clonality of Campylobacter coli isolated from clinically ill humans and retail meats. A total of 98 C. coli isolates (20 from humans and 78 from retail meats) were phenotypically characterized. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using agar dilution method for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin and doxycycline. Seventy C. coli isolates including humans (n = 20) and retail meats (n = 50) were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was found in 29% and 15% of isolates from retail meats and humans. We observed 61 PFGE profiles using two enzymes (SmaI, KpnI) with an Index of discrimination of 0.99, whereas MLST generated 37 sequence types. Two clonal complexes were identified with 58 (82%) C. coli isolates clustered in the ST-828 complex. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was identified in C. coli obtained from retail meats and ill humans. PFGE typing of C. coli isolates was more discriminatory than MLST. Grouping of C. coli isolates (82%) by MLST in ST-828 clonal complex indicates a common ancestry. A high frequency of resistance found to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin is concerning from food safety perspective. PFGE using single or double restriction enzymes was found to be more discriminatory than MLST for genotyping C. coli. Overall, the C. coli populations recovered from humans and retail meats were genotypically diverse. C1 [Thakur, S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [White, D. G.; McDermott, P. F.; Zhao, S.; Abbott, J.; English, L.; Carter, P.; Harbottle, H.] USDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Res Off, Laurel, MD USA. [Kroft, B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gebreyes, W.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cullen, P.] CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thakur, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM sid_thakur@ncsu.edu NR 64 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 106 IS 5 BP 1722 EP 1733 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04142.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 429ZG UT WOS:000264958000033 PM 19226383 ER PT J AU Sakakibara, Y Saha, BC Taylor, P AF Sakakibara, Yoshikiyo Saha, Badal C. Taylor, Paul TI Microbial production of xylitol from L-arabinose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Xylitol; L-Arabinose; Escherichia coli; Metabolic engineering; Cofactor regeneration ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; D-XYLOSE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; XYLULOSE REDUCTASE; ALDOSE REDUCTASE; DEHYDROGENASE; CANDIDA; YEAST; FERMENTATION AB An Escherichia coli strain, ZUC99(pATX210), which can produce xylitol from L-arabinose at a high yield, has been created by introducing a new bioconversion pathway into the cells. This pathway consists of three enzymes: L-arabinose isomerase (which converts L-arabinose to L-ribulose), D-psicose 3-epimerase (which converts L-ribulose to L-xylulose), and L-xylulose reductase (which converts L-xylulose to xylitol). The genes encoding these enzymes were cloned behind the araBAD promoter in tandem so that they were polycistronically transcribed from the single promoter, like an operon. Expression of the recombinant enzymes in the active form was successfully achieved in the presence Of L-arabinose. A xylitol production profile of the recombinant strain was evaluated by shake-flask fermentation. ZUC99(pATX210) produced 2.6 g/l xylitol using 4.2 g/l L-arabinose with a xylitol yield of 0.62 g/g L-arabinose in 36 h. It was determined that utilization of glycerol as a co-substrate significantly improved xylitol production and yield. In the presence of 11.8 g/l glycerol, ZUC99(pATX210) produced 9.7 g/l xylitol from 10.5 g/l L-arabinose with a xylitol yield of 0.92 g/g L-arabinose in 36 h. ZUC99(pATX210) also exhibited efficient conversion in fermentor experiments with 1 l medium containing L-arabinose and glycerol. The strain produced 14.5 g/l xylitol from 15.2 g/l L-arabinose with a xylitol yield of 0.95 g/g L-arabinose in 30 h. (c) 2009, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved. C1 [Sakakibara, Yoshikiyo; Saha, Badal C.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Taylor, Paul] zuChem Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Sakakibara, Yoshikiyo] Natl Food Res Inst, Food Biotechnol Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Sakakibara, Y (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sakaki@affrc.go.jp NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, 2-1 YAMADAOKA, SUITA, OSAKA, 565-0871, JAPAN SN 1389-1723 EI 1347-4421 J9 J BIOSCI BIOENG JI J. Biosci. Bioeng. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 107 IS 5 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.12.017 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 464LI UT WOS:000267506000005 PM 19393548 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Kiel, DP Dawson-Hughes, B Orav, JE Li, RF Spiegelman, D Dietrich, T Willett, WC AF Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. Kiel, Douglas P. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Orav, John E. Li, Ruifeng Spiegelman, Donna Dietrich, Thornas Willett, Walter C. TI Dietary Calcium and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status in Relation to BMD Among US Adults SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; dietary calcium intake; BMD; adults; men and women ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ELDERLY-WOMEN; NHANES-III; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MAJOR METABOLITES; ESTROGEN STATUS; BONE TURNOVER AB A higher calcium intake is still the primary recommendation for the prevention of osteoporosis, whereas vitamin D deficiency is often not addressed. To study the relative importance of dietary calcium intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status in regard to hip BMD, 4958 community-dwelling women and 5003 men >= 20 yr of age from the U.S. NHANES III population-based survey were studied. Calcium supplement users and individuals with a prior radius or hip fracture were excluded. We calculated standardized means for BMD by quartiles of sex-specific calcium intake for three 25(OH)D categories (<50, 50-74, and 75+ nM) among men and women, separately controlling for other important predictors of BMD. A higher calcium intake was significantly associated with higher BMD 0) value for trend: p = 0.005) only for women with 25(OH)D status <50 nM, whereas calcium intake beyond the upper end of the lowest quartile (>566 mg/d) was not significantly, associated with BMD at 25(OH)D concentrations >50 nM. Among men, there was no significant association between a higher calcium intake beyond the upper end of the lowest quartile (626 mg/d) and BMD within all 25(OH)D categories. Among both sexes, BMD increased stepwise and significantly with higher 25(OH)D concentrations (<50, 50-74, 75+ nM, p value for trend: women < 0.0001; men 0.0001). Among men and women, 25(OH)D status seems to be the dominant predictor of BMD relative to calcium Intake. Only women with 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nM seem to benefit from a higher calcium intake. C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Phys Med & Rehabil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.; Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kiel, Douglas P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Spiegelman, Donna] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Orav, John E.; Li, Ruifeng; Spiegelman, Donna] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Li, Ruifeng] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dietrich, Thornas] Univ Birmingham, Dept Oral Surg, Sch Dent, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Dept Rheumatol, Gloriatrasse 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM heikeabischoff@aol.com OI Dietrich, Thomas/0000-0002-2557-7645; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU International Foundation for the Promotion of Nutrition Research and Nutrition Education (ISFE); Swiss Foundation for Nutrition Research (SFEFS); Swiss National Foundations FX This study was Supported by grants from the International Foundation for the Promotion of Nutrition Research and Nutrition Education (ISFE); the Swiss Foundation for Nutrition Research (SFEFS), and the Swiss National Foundations (SNF Professorship grant). NR 54 TC 119 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.1359/JBMR.081242 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 438IV UT WOS:000265550000019 PM 19113911 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Aluja, M Bartelt, RJ Patt, J AF Robacker, David C. Aluja, Martin Bartelt, Robert J. Patt, Joseph TI Identification of Chemicals Emitted by Calling Males of the Sapote Fruit Fly, Anastrepha serpentina SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solid phase microextraction (SPME); Sex pheromone; Pyrazine; Dihydropyrazine; Diptera; Tephritidae ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; RECTAL GLAND SECRETIONS; SEX-PHEROMONE BLEND; DACUS-CUCURBITAE; MELON FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; HOST-PLANT; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FLIES AB Emissions from sexually active Anastrepha serpentina males were collected by solid-phase microextraction. Calling behavior of wild-type males showed no clear peak during the day, except that it was evident less frequently immediately after daybreak and just before dark. Calling by laboratory males was highest between 8 and 11 h after onset of the photophase, and mating by wild flies occurred mostly between 6 and 10 h after onset of the photophase. Two major components of male emissions were identified as 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (DMP) and 3,6-dihydro-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (DHDMP). DHDMP was synthesized, and the identity of the natural product confirmed by comparison of gas chromatographic retention times and mass spectrum. Emissions of DMP and DHMP were greatest during peak calling behavior, with males emitting up to 1.8 and 3.3 mu g/h of DMP and DHDMP, respectively. A minor component, which did not vary with time of day, was identified as 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 3,6-dihydro-2,5-dimethylpyrazine in nature. C1 [Bartelt, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Patt, Joseph] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Aluja, Martin] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Robert.Bartelt@sbcglobal.net FU Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [CONACyT-SEP-2004C01-46846]; Instituto de Ecologia; CONACyT [79449] FX We thank Maura Rodriguez and Rosa Ruiz (USDA ARS, Weslaco, Texas) and Dario Garcia-Medel and Alberto Anzures Dadda (Instituto de Ecologia, A. C.) for technical assistance. Martin Aluja received financial support from the Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretar a de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca-Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (SAGARPA-IICA), the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia ( Project CONACyT-SEP-2004C01-46846) and the Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. (Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico). MA also acknowledges support from CONACyT through a Sabbatical Year Fellowship (Ref. 79449). Karl Vermillion of USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL, acquired the NMR spectra. The use of a product brand in this work does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 35 IS 5 BP 601 EP 609 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9631-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 449RP UT WOS:000266348000011 PM 19430841 ER PT J AU Teff, KL Grudziak, J Townsend, RR Dunn, TN Grant, RW Adams, SH Keim, NL Cummings, BP Stanhope, KL Havel, PJ AF Teff, Karen L. Grudziak, Joanne Townsend, Raymond R. Dunn, Tamara N. Grant, Ryan W. Adams, Sean H. Keim, Nancy L. Cummings, Bethany P. Stanhope, Kimber L. Havel, Peter J. TI Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Consuming Fructose- and Glucose-Sweetened Beverages with Meals in Obese Men and Women: Influence of Insulin Resistance on Plasma Triglyceride Responses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID CULTURED RAT ADIPOCYTES; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; GHRELIN LEVELS; URIC-ACID; NONFASTING TRIGLYCERIDES; POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; CIRCULATING LEPTIN; CORN SYRUP; SECRETION; CONSUMPTION AB Context: Compared with glucose-sweetened beverages, consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with meals elevates postprandial plasma triglycerides and lowers 24-h insulin and leptin profiles in normal-weight women. The effects of fructose, compared with glucose, ingestion on metabolic profiles in obese subjects has not been studied. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of fructose-and glucose-sweetened beverages consumed with meals on hormones and metabolic substrates in obese subjects. Design and Setting: The study had a within-subject design conducted in the clinical and translational research center. Participants: Participants included 17 obese men(n = 9) and women(n = 8), with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m(2). Interventions: Subjects were studied under two conditions involving ingestion of mixed nutrient meals with either glucose-sweetened beverages or fructose-sweetened beverages. The beverages provided 30% of total kilocalories. Blood samples were collected over 24 h. Main Outcome Measures: Area under the curve (24 h AUC) for glucose, lactate, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, uric acid, triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acids was measured. Results: Compared with glucose-sweetened beverages, fructose consumption was associated with lower AUCs for insulin (1052.6 +/- 135.1 vs. 549.2 +/- 79.7 mu U/ml per 23 h, P < 0.001) and leptin (151.9 +/- 22.7 vs. 107.0 +/- 15.0 ng/ml per 24 h, P < 0.03) and increased AUC for TG (242.3 +/- 96.8 vs. 704.3 +/- 124.4 mg/dl per 24 h, P < 0.0001). Insulin-resistant subjects exhibited larger 24-h TG profiles (P < 0.03). Conclusions: In obese subjects, consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with meals was associated with less insulin secretion, blunted diurnal leptin profiles, and increased postprandial TG concentrations compared with glucose consumption. Increases of TGs were augmented in obese subjects with insulin resistance, suggesting that fructose consumption may exacerbate an already adverse metabolic profile present in many obese subjects. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 1562-1569, 2009) C1 [Teff, Karen L.; Grudziak, Joanne] Univ Penn, Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Teff, Karen L.] Univ Penn, Inst Diabet Obes & Metab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Townsend, Raymond R.] Univ Penn, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dunn, Tamara N.; Grant, Ryan W.; Adams, Sean H.; Keim, Nancy L.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Adams, Sean H.; Keim, Nancy L.; Cummings, Bethany P.; Stanhope, Kimber L.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cummings, Bethany P.; Stanhope, Kimber L.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Teff, KL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kteff@pobox.upenn.edu OI Grant, Ryan/0000-0002-8940-4196 FU University of Pennsylvania [DK-58003, DK-19525, M01-RR00042]; National Institutes of Health [DK-58108, AT-002599, AT-003645, HL-075675, HL-091333]; American Diabetes Association; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [5306-51530-016-00D] FX This work was supported by Grant DK-58003 (to K. L. T.), Grants DK-19525 and M01-RR00042 from the University of Pennsylvania; the National Institutes of Health Grants DK-58108, AT-002599, AT-003645, HL-075675, and HL-091333; and the American Diabetes Association (to P.J.H.); and intramural U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System Grant 5306-51530-016-00D (to S. H. A.). NR 40 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 21 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1562 EP 1569 DI 10.1210/jc.2008-2192 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 442OW UT WOS:000265851500014 PM 19208729 ER PT J AU Stanhope, KL Schwarz, JM Keim, NL Griffen, SC Bremer, AA Graham, JL Hatcher, B Cox, CL Dyachenko, A Zhang, W McGahan, JP Seibert, A Krauss, RM Chiu, S Schaefer, EJ Ai, M Otokozawa, S Nakajima, K Nakano, T Beysen, C Hellerstein, MK Berglund, L Havel, PJ AF Stanhope, Kimber L. Schwarz, Jean Marc Keim, Nancy L. Griffen, Steven C. Bremer, Andrew A. Graham, James L. Hatcher, Bonnie Cox, Chad L. Dyachenko, Artem Zhang, Wei McGahan, John P. Seibert, Anthony Krauss, Ronald M. Chiu, Sally Schaefer, Ernst J. Ai, Masumi Otokozawa, Seiko Nakajima, Katsuyuki Nakano, Takamitsu Beysen, Carine Hellerstein, Marc K. Berglund, Lars Havel, Peter J. TI Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CIRCULATING LEPTIN CONCENTRATIONS; DE-NOVO LIPOGENESIS; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; HYPERINSULINEMIC SUBJECTS; NONFASTING TRIGLYCERIDES AB Studies in animals have documented that, compared with glucose, dietary fructose induces dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. To assess the relative effects of these dietary sugars during sustained consumption in humans, overweight and obese subjects consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 weeks. Although both groups exhibited similar weight gain during the intervention, visceral adipose volume was significantly increased only in subjects consuming fructose. Fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations increased by approximately 10% during 10 weeks of glucose consumption but not after fructose consumption. In contrast, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and the 23-hour postprandial triglyceride AUC were increased specifically during fructose consumption. Similarly, markers of altered lipid metabolism and lipoprotein remodeling, including fasting apoB, LDL, small dense LDL, oxidized LDL, and postprandial concentrations of remnant-like particle-triglyceride and -cholesterol significantly increased during fructose but not glucose consumption. In addition, fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels increased and insulin sensitivity decreased in subjects consuming fructose but not in those consuming glucose. These data suggest that dietary fructose specifically increases DNL, promotes dyslipidemia, decreases insulin sensitivity, and increases visceral adiposity in overweight/obese adults. C1 [Stanhope, Kimber L.; Graham, James L.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schwarz, Jean Marc; Dyachenko, Artem] Touro Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Vallejo, CA USA. [Stanhope, Kimber L.; Graham, James L.; Havel, Peter J.] UCD, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. [Schwarz, Jean Marc] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Keim, Nancy L.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Bremer, Andrew A.] UCD, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA USA. [Griffen, Steven C.; Zhang, Wei; Berglund, Lars] UCD, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA USA. [McGahan, John P.; Seibert, Anthony] UCD Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA USA. [Krauss, Ronald M.; Chiu, Sally] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.; Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Nakano, Takamitsu] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.; Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Nakajima, Katsuyuki] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Nakano, Takamitsu] Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Div Diagnost, Tokyo, Japan. [Beysen, Carine; Hellerstein, Marc K.] KineMed, Emeryville, CA USA. [Hellerstein, Marc K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. [Berglund, Lars] Vet Affairs No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Havel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhavel@ucdavis.edu FU NCCIH NIH HHS [AT-002993, AT-003545, AT-002599, R21 AT002599, R21 AT002993]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024146]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL107256, R01 HL075675, HL-091333, R01 HL091333, R01 HL-075675] NR 87 TC 611 Z9 627 U1 11 U2 95 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 119 IS 5 BP 1322 EP 1334 DI 10.1172/JCI37385 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 442LT UT WOS:000265843400031 PM 19381015 ER PT J AU Leader, BT Frye, JG Hu, JX Fedorka-Cray, PJ Boyle, DS AF Leader, Brandon T. Frye, Jonathan G. Hu, Jinxin Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Boyle, David S. TI High-Throughput Molecular Determination of Salmonella enterica Serovars by Use of Multiplex PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SHOCK-PROTEIN GENE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSP ENTERICA; FLAGELLAR ANTIGENS; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; TYPHIMURIUM; DIFFERENTIATION; ENTERITIDIS AB Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of food-borne illness worldwide and is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality in domestic and wild animals. In the current study, a high-throughput molecular assay was developed to determine the most common clinical and nonhuman serovars of S. enterica in the United States. Sixteen genomic targets were identified based on their differential distribution among common serovars. Primers were designed to amplify regions of each of these targets in a single multiplex PCR while incorporating a 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled universal primer to fluorescently label all amplicons. The fluorescently labeled PCR products were separated using capillary electrophoresis, and a Salmonella multiplex assay for rapid typing (SMART) code was generated for each isolate, based upon the presence or absence of PCR products generated from each target gene. Seven hundred fifty-one blind clinical isolates of Salmonella from Washington State, collected in 2007 and previously serotyped via antisera, were screened with the assay. A total of 89.6% of the isolates were correctly identified based on comparison to a panel of representative SMART codes previously determined for the top 50 most common serovars in the United States. Of the remaining isolates, 6.2% represented isolates that produced a new SMART code for a previously determined serotype, while the final 8.8% were from serotypes not screened in the original panel used to score isolates in the blinded study. This high-throughput multiplex PCR assay allowed simple and accurate typing of the most prevalent clinical serovars of Salmonella enterica at a level comparable to that of conventional serotyping, but at a fraction of both the cost and time required per test. C1 [Leader, Brandon T.; Hu, Jinxin; Boyle, David S.] Washington State Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Labs, Shoreline, WA USA. [Frye, Jonathan G.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Boyle, DS (reprint author), Program Appropriate Technol Diagnost Grp, 1455 NW Leary Way, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM dboyle@path.org RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 FU Association of Public Health Laboratories and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The mention of trade names or commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the Washington State Department of Health or by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1290 EP 1299 DI 10.1128/JCM.02095-08 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 439QB UT WOS:000265641000002 PM 19261787 ER PT J AU Keane, D Barr, D Osborn, R Langenberg, J O'Rourke, K Schneider, D Bochsler, P AF Keane, Delwyn Barr, Daniel Osborn, Rebecca Langenberg, Julie O'Rourke, Katherine Schneider, David Bochsler, Philip TI Validation of Use of Rectoanal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue for Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; CERVUS-ELAPHUS NELSONI; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; RECTAL MUCOSA; TONSILLAR BIOPSY; PRION PROTEIN; SCRAPIE; HEMIONUS; PRPCWD AB The examination of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has been described in sheep, elk, and small numbers of mule and white-tailed deer. Previous sample numbers have been too small to validate examination of this type of tissue as a viable antemortem diagnostic test. In this study, we examined RAMALT collected postmortem from 76 white-tailed deer removed from a farm in Wisconsin known to be affected by chronic wasting disease (CWD) and from 210 free-ranging white-tailed deer harvested from an area in Wisconsin where the overall prevalence of CWD among the deer was approximately 4 to 6%. The results of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the RAMALT sections were compared to the results of IHC staining of sections from the brain stem at the convergence of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, sections of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLNs), and sections of tonsil (sections of tonsil only from captive animals were tested). The sensitivities of the IHC staining test with RAMALT sections were 81% for the captive animals and 91% for the free-ranging animals. False-negative results were usually associated with early infection, indicated by a low intensity of immunostaining in the obex and/or a polymorphism at PRNP codon 96. While the RLN remains the tissue of choice for use for the diagnosis of CWD in white-tailed deer, the results of the present study further support the use of RAMALTs collected antemortem as an adjunct to testing of tonsil biopsy specimens and surveillance by necropsy for the screening of farmed deer which have been put at risk through environmental exposure or exposure to deer with CWD. C1 [Keane, Delwyn; Barr, Daniel; Bochsler, Philip] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Osborn, Rebecca; Langenberg, Julie] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA. [O'Rourke, Katherine; Schneider, David] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, ADBF 3003, Pullman, WA USA. RP Keane, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, 445 Easterday Lane, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Delwyn.Keane@wvdl.wisc.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1412 EP 1417 DI 10.1128/JCM.02209-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 439QB UT WOS:000265641000019 PM 19261781 ER PT J AU Mills, JA Zarlenga, DS Dyer, RM AF Mills, J. A. Zarlenga, D. S. Dyer, R. M. TI Bovine coronary region keratinocyte colony formation is supported by epidermal-dermal interactions SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE keratinocyte; coronary region; growth factor; dermis ID TRANSIT-AMPLIFYING CELLS; STEM-CELLS; P53 HOMOLOG; P63; SKIN; EXPRESSION; HOOF; DIFFERENTIATION; KERATINIZATION; INTEGRITY AB Delineating the factors that orchestrate keratinocyte growth and differentiation in the claw is pivotal to understanding the quality of hoof horn production in health and disease. The specific objectives of this investigation were to establish an in vitro culture system for bovine coronary region keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, determine the colony-forming capacity of epidermal keratinocytes in the coronary region, and characterize transcriptional changes in specific cytokine, growth factor, and receptor genes during colony formation in coculture. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes from the coronary region of the lateral, hind limb claw were collected, and 5.0 x 10(3) and 7.5 x 10(3) keratinocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of fibroblast monolayers, respectively. The 2 densities of keratinocytes formed 144 +/- 15.8 and 183 +/- 26.9 colonies, respectively, in the presence of dermal fibroblasts, whereas no colonies developed in the absence of dermal fibroblasts. Keratinocytes with the ability to show colony formation comprised 1.09% +/- 0.16 to 1.77% +/- 0.28 of the keratinocyte population isolated from the coronary region. Keratinocyte-fibroblast cocultures developed a time-dependent increased expression of several growth factors, cytokines, and receptors. These findings demonstrated that keratinocytes from the bovine coronary region formed colonies in vitro and that colony formation occurred with an absolute dependence on dermal fibroblasts. Colony growth was associated with increased transcriptional expression of cytokine, growth factor, and receptor expression known to drive keratinocyte colony formation in other species. The results indicate that horn-producing keratinocytes must interact with dermal fibroblasts during normal tissue homeostasis in the bovine claw. C1 [Dyer, R. M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Mills, J. A.] Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Zarlenga, D. S.] USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zarlenga, D. S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zarlenga, D. S.] USDA, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dyer, RM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM rdyer@udel.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1913 EP 1923 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1422 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700010 PM 19389949 ER PT J AU McConnel, CS Garry, FB Lombard, JE Kidd, JA Hill, AE Gould, DH AF McConnel, C. S. Garry, F. B. Lombard, J. E. Kidd, J. A. Hill, A. E. Gould, D. H. TI A necropsy-based descriptive study of dairy cow deaths on a Colorado dairy SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mortality; necropsy; dairy; cow ID NEW-YORK-STATE; MORTALITY; HERDS; YIELD AB Increasing levels of dairy cow mortality pose a challenge to the US dairy industry. The industry's current understanding of dairy cow mortality is reliant upon descriptions largely based on producer or veterinary assumptions regarding cause of death without the benefit of detailed postmortem evaluations. A thorough necropsy is a superior tool for establishing a cause of death, except for cases involving euthanasia for traumatic accidents or severe locomotor disorders. Information provided from a necropsy examination would be most valuable if it were categorized and combined with cow health information in a complete postmortem evaluation designed to guide future management decisions. The objective of this study was to describe dairy cow deaths on a Colorado dairy over a 1-yr period and explore classification systems for necropsy findings that might inform management actions aimed at reducing dairy cow mortality. Throughout the study period a thorough necropsy examination was performed on every cow that died. Based upon this examination each death was characterized by a proximate cause (i.e., the most likely immediate cause of the death). Each proximate cause of death was then categorized using 3 alternate schemes founded on generalized etiologic principles and influenced by previous clinical history and treatments. These schemes included the broad categories commonly used for classifying findings within a review of literature related to dairy cow mortality, a diagnostic scheme used within the problem-oriented veterinary medical record, and an analysis focusing on the primary physiologic system derangement for each death. A total of 2,067 cows were enrolled during the study period of which 1,468 cows freshened, 507 cows were sold, and 94 cows died, resulting in a mortality risk of 6.4 deaths per 100 lactations at risk. The distribution of deaths by parity was significantly different from the herd distribution at the end of study with the largest percentage of death present in parity >= 4. Postmortem findings attributable to a specific cause of death were present for all but 4 of the 94 deaths. Assignment of the proximate causes of death to categories within the 3 alternate schemes provided a means for classifying necropsy findings and causes of death with different levels of detail. Creating categories with more selective groupings may provide a means for capturing specifics related to deaths that can be used to guide management decisions. C1 [McConnel, C. S.; Garry, F. B.; Lombard, J. E.; Kidd, J. A.; Hill, A. E.; Gould, D. H.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lombard, J. E.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lombard, J. E.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP McConnel, CS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM craigmcc@colostate.edu FU Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was funded in part by the Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1954 EP 1962 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1505 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700013 PM 19389952 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL George, J Abraham, PA Collier, RJ Lambert, BD AF Hadsell, D. L. George, J. Abraham, P. A. Collier, R. J. Lambert, B. D. TI Technical note: Assessing the functional capacity of mitochondria isolated from lactating mammary tissue: Choose your chelating agent wisely SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lactation; adenosine triphosphate; mitochondria; mammary ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIA; RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; FATTY-ACIDS; PROTON CONDUCTANCE; METABOLIC-RATE; SERUM ALBUMIN; CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; GLAND AB Previous work has indicated that respiratory activity of mitochondrial preparations prepared from lactating mammary tissue is often much lower than that of mitochondria isolated from other organs such as the liver. Initial studies in our own laboratory also found that mammary mitochondria prepared from lactating mice had much lower ATP synthesis activity than those isolated from liver tissue obtained from the same animals. In this paper, we describe an improved procedure for obtaining coupled mitochondria from the mammary tissue of lactating mice. Using a high-throughput assay for mitochondrial ATP synthesis, we demonstrated that mammary mitochondria, unlike liver mitochondria, are sensitive to the concentration of bovine serum albumin and to the choice of chelating agent used in the preparation and assay buffers. Mammary mitochondria prepared and assayed in buffers containing 1 mM ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N' tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and 0.4% bovine serum albumin have a similar ATP synthesis activity as liver mitochondria. In addition, we show that the chelating agent EDTA ablates the ATP synthesis capacity of mammary mitochondria through a mechanism that does not involve the release of cytochrome c. We also demonstrate that these improved isolation and assay procedures are both scalable and applicable to bovine mammary tissue, and we describe optimal conditions for cryopreservation and recovery of functionally active mitochondria. This work will facilitate future studies aimed at determining the importance of mammary mitochondria to milk production. C1 [Hadsell, D. L.; George, J.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hadsell, D. L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abraham, P. A.; Collier, R. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lambert, B. D.] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. [Lambert, B. D.] Agrilife Res, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Hadsell, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dhadsell@bcm.tmc.edu RI Lambert, Barry/I-3463-2016 OI Lambert, Barry/0000-0003-1488-3118 FU USDA cooperative agreement [58-6250-6001]; CSREES [2007-35206-17831] FX The authors thank Daniel Torres (Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX) for help with some of the analysis. Thanks also to Douglas Burrin (Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine) for a critical review of the manuscript. This project was supported by funds from the USDA cooperative agreement # 58-6250-6001 (DLH) and CSREES # 2007-35206-17831 (DLH). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2038 EP 2045 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1360 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700022 PM 19389961 ER PT J AU Gregorini, P Soder, KJ Kensinger, RS AF Gregorini, P. Soder, K. J. Kensinger, R. S. TI Effects of rumen fill on short-term ingestive behavior and circulating concentrations of ghrelin, insulin, and glucose of dairy cows foraging vegetative micro-swards SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; rumen fill; foraging behavior; appetite-regulating hormone ID INCREASES FOOD-INTAKE; BITE DIMENSIONS; PLASMA GHRELIN; FRACTURE PROPERTIES; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; HERBAGE INTAKE; BULK-DENSITY; CATTLE; RUMINANTS AB The objective of this study was to investigate changes in foraging behavior, hunger-related hormones, and metabolites of dairy cows in response to short-term variations in rumen fill (RF). The effect of RF on intake rate, jaw movements, bite rate and dimensions, and concentrations of plasma ghrelin, and serum insulin and glucose were measured in 4 rumen-cannulated lactating dairy cows (612 +/- 68 kg, empty live weight; 237 +/- 29d in milk) foraging micro-swards of vegetative orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The treatments compared were the removal of different proportions of total rumen contents: 1.00 (RF0), 0.66 (RF33), 0.33 (RF66), or 0 (RF100). Treatments were randomly applied 2 h before foraging sessions in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Micro-swards were weighed before and after foraging sessions. Cows were allowed to take a maximum of 15 bites with no time restriction. Eating time, intake rate, total jaw movements, and bite mass, depth, area, and rate were determined. Plasma was analyzed for ghrelin and serum for insulin and glucose immediately before and 2 h after the treatments were applied. Intake rate, bite mass, and bite area increased, whereas bite depth decreased as RF decreased. The RF did not affect bite rate or total jaw movements. Decreasing RF resulted in increased plasma concentrations of ghrelin and tended to increase serum insulin, with reduced concentrations of serum glucose. Incremental variation in plasma ghrelin and serum insulin correlated with bite depth and mass, whereas changes in serum glucose correlated with intake rate, bite area, depth and mass, as well as with herbage intake per jaw movement. The present study elucidates some of the underlying endocrine physiology of cattle with short-term temporal variations of RF and their effects on some components of foraging behavior. C1 [Gregorini, P.; Soder, K. J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kensinger, R. S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gregorini, P (reprint author), DairyNZ, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM Pablo.Gregorini@dairynz.co.nz OI Gregorini, Pablo/0000-0002-7084-5223 NR 72 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2095 EP 2105 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1803 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700028 PM 19389967 ER PT J AU Miller, RH Norman, HD Wright, JR Cole, JB AF Miller, R. H. Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Cole, J. B. TI Impact of genetic merit for milk somatic cell score of sires and maternal grandsires on herd life of their daughters SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE selection; mastitis; culling ID CLINICAL MASTITIS; DAIRY-CATTLE; LACTATION; COUNTS; RISK; COWS AB \ A retrospective study of the impact of the estimated breeding values of sires and maternal grandsires for somatic cell score (SCS) on productive life (PL) of Holsteins and Jerseys was conducted. Data included records from 2,626,425 Holstein and 142,725 Jersey cows. The sires and maternal grandsires of cows were required to have been available through artificial insemination and to have predicted transmitting ability (PTA) SCS evaluations based on 35 or more daughters. A weighted function (WPTA) of sire and maternal grandsire PTA for SCS was used: (sire PTA + 0.5 maternal grandsire PTA)/1.5. The 3 dependent variables were PL, frequency of cows culled for mastitis, and first-lactation SCS. The model included effects of herd, birth year, and WPTA (WPTA was categorized into groups: <2.70, 2.70 to 2.79, ..., 3.20 to 3.29, >= 3.30). For analysis of first-lactation SCS, calving year and calving month were substituted for birth year. Differences among WPTA groups were highly significant: as WPTA increased, PL decreased, whereas percentage culled for mastitis and first-lactation SCS increased. The range in PL from lowest to highest WPTA was 5.07 mo for Holsteins and 4.73 mo for Jerseys. Corresponding differences for percentage culled for mastitis were 7.0 and 5.6% and for SCS were 0.95 and 1.04 (for Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively). Although phenotypic studies suggest that cows with extremely low SCS were less resistant to mastitis, our results showed consistent improvements in PL, percentage culled for mastitis, and SCS of daughters when bulls were chosen for low PTA SCS. C1 [Miller, R. H.; Norman, H. D.; Wright, J. R.; Cole, J. B.] USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM millerrh@juno.com RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2224 EP 2228 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1653 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700042 PM 19389981 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Null, DJ AF Cole, J. B. Null, D. J. TI Genetic evaluation of lactation persistency for five breeds of dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE best prediction; genetic evaluation; persistency ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; TEST-DAY YIELDS; COMMON HEALTH DISORDERS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; MILK-PRODUCTION; PREDICTION; COWS; PARAMETERS; FERTILITY; HOLSTEINS AB Cows with high lactation persistency tend to produce less milk than expected at the beginning of lactation and more than expected at the end. Best prediction of lactation persistency is calculated as a function of trait-specific standard lactation curves and linear regressions of test-day deviations on days in milk. Because regression coefficients are deviations from a tipping point selected to make yield and lactation persistency phenotypically uncorrelated it should be possible to use 305-d actual yield and lactation persistency to predict yield for lactations with later endpoints. The objectives of this study were to calculate (co) variance components and breeding values for best predictions of lactation persistency of milk (PM), fat (PF), protein (PP), and somatic cell score (PSCS) in breeds other than Holstein, and to demonstrate the calculation of prediction equations for 400-d actual milk yield. Data included lactations from Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey (GU), Jersey (JE), and Milking Shorthorn (MS) cows calving since 1997. The number of sires evaluated ranged from 86 (MS) to 3,192 (JE), and mean sire estimated breeding value for PM ranged from 0.001 (Ayrshire) to 0.10 (Brown Swiss); mean estimated breeding value for PSCS ranged from -0.01 (MS) to -0.043 (JE). Heritabilities were generally highest for PM (0.09 to 0.15) and lowest for PSCS (0.03 to 0.06), with PF and PP having intermediate values (0.07 to 0.13). Repeatabilities varied considerably between breeds, ranging from 0.08 (PSCS in GU, JE, and MS) to 0.28 (PM in GU). Genetic correlations of PM, PF, and PP with PSCS were moderate and favorable (negative), indicating that increasing lactation persistency of yield traits is associated with decreases in lactation persistency of SCS, as expected. Genetic correlations among yield and lactation persistency were low to moderate and ranged from -0.55 (PP in GU) to 0.40 (PP in MS). Prediction equations for 400-d milk yield were calculated for each breed by regression of both 305-d yield and 305-d yield and lactation persistency on 400-d yield. Goodness-of-fit was very good for both models, but the addition of lactation persistency to the model significantly improved fit in all cases. Routine genetic evaluations for lactation persistency, as well as the development of prediction equations for several lactation end-points, may provide producers with tools to better manage their herds. C1 [Cole, J. B.; Null, D. J.] USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.cole@ars.usda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2248 EP 2258 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1825 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700045 PM 19389984 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Kuhn, MT Hubbard, SM Cole, JB VanRaden, PM AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Kuhn, M. T. Hubbard, S. M. Cole, J. B. VanRaden, P. M. TI Genetic and environmental factors that affect gestation length in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gestation length; breed; twinning; heritability ID GRANDSIRE THRESHOLD-MODEL; CALVING EASE; UNITED-STATES; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; TRAITS; BREED; STILLBIRTH; PARAMETERS AB Genetic and environmental factors that might affect gestation length (GL) were investigated. Data included information from > 11 million parturitions from 1999 through 2006 for 7 US dairy breeds. Effects examined were year, herd-year, month, and age within parity of conception; parturition code (sex and multiple-birth status); lactation length and standardized milk yield of cow; service sire; cow sire; and cow. All effects were fixed except for service sire, cow sire, and cow. Mean GL for heifers and cows, respectively, were 277.8 and 279.4 d for Holsteins, 278.4 and 280.0 d for Jerseys, 279.3 and 281.1 d for Milking Shorthorns, 281.6 and 281.7 d for Ayrshires, 284.8 and 285.7 d for Guernseys, and 287.2 and 287.5 d for Brown Swiss. Estimated standard deviations of GL were greatly affected by data restrictions but generally were approximately 5 to 6 d. Year effects on GL were extremely small, but month effects were moderate. For Holstein cows, GL was 2.0 d shorter for October conceptions than for January and February conceptions; 4.7 and 5.6 d shorter for multiple births of the same sex than for single-birth females and males, respectively; 0.8 d longer for lactations of <= 250 d than for lactations of >= 501 d; and 0.6 d shorter for standardized yield of <= 8,000 kg than for yield of >= 14,001 kg. Estimates for GL heritability from parities 2 to 5 were 33 to 36% for service sire and 7 to 12% for cow sire; corresponding estimates from parity 1 were 46 to 47% and 10 to 12%. Estimates of genetic correlations between effects of service sire and cow sire on GL were 0.70 to 0.85 for Brown Swiss, Holsteins, and Jerseys, which indicates that those traits likely are controlled by many of the same genes and can be used to evaluate each other. More accurate prediction of calving dates can help dairy producers to meet management requirements of pregnant animals and to administer better health care during high-risk phases of animals' lives. However, intentional selection for either shorter or longer GL is not recommended without consideration of its possible effect on other dependent traits (e. g., calving ease and stillbirth). C1 [Norman, H. D.; Wright, J. R.; Kuhn, M. T.; Hubbard, S. M.; Cole, J. B.; VanRaden, P. M.] USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM duane.norman@ars.usda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 38 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2259 EP 2269 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0982 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700046 PM 19389985 ER PT J AU Harper, LA Flesch, TK Powell, JM Coblentz, WK Jokela, WE Martin, NP AF Harper, L. A. Flesch, T. K. Powell, J. M. Coblentz, W. K. Jokela, W. E. Martin, N. P. TI Ammonia emissions from dairy production in Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; emissions; dairy; nitrogen ID TRACE GAS CONCENTRATIONS; TO-AIR EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC FLUX; METHANE EMISSIONS; NITROUS-OXIDE; FIELD TRIAL; DINITROGEN; WASTE; FARMS; BARNS AB Ammonia gas is the only significant basic gas that neutralizes atmospheric acid gases produced from combustion of fossil fuels. This reaction produces an aerosol that is a component of atmospheric haze, is implicated in nitrogen (N) deposition, and may be a potential human health hazard. Because of the potential impact of NH(3) emissions, environmentally and economically, the objective of this study was to obtain representative and accurate NH(3) emissions data from large dairy farms (>800 cows) in Wisconsin. Ammonia concentrations and climatic measurements were made on 3 dairy farms during winter, summer, and autumn to calculate emissions using an inverse-dispersion analysis technique. These study farms were confinement systems utilizing freestall housing with nearby sand separators and lagoons for waste management. Emissions were calculated from the whole farm including the barns and any waste management components (lagoons and sand separators), and from these components alone when possible. During winter, the lagoons' NH(3) emissions were very low and not measurable. During autumn and summer, whole-farm emissions were significantly larger than during winter, with about two-thirds of the total emissions originating from the waste management systems. The mean whole-farm NH(3) emissions in winter, autumn, and summer were 1.5, 7.5, and 13.7% of feed N inputs emitted as NH(3)-N, respectively. Average annual emission comparisons on a unit basis between the 3 farms were similar at 7.0, 7.5, and 8.4% of input feed N emitted as NH(3)-N, with an annual average for all 3 farms of 7.6 +/- 1.5%. These winter, summer, autumn, and average annual NH(3) emissions are considerably smaller than currently used estimates for dairy farms, and smaller than emissions from other types of animal-feeding operations. C1 [Harper, L. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Flesch, T. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Powell, J. M.; Martin, N. P.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.; Jokela, W. E.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Harper, LA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lharper@uga.edu RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 FU USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement [3655-12630001-02S, 58-3655-6-F157]; Dairy Forage Research Center; USDA-ARS; University of Georgia (Athens); University of Alberta (Edmonton, Canada) FX This work has been supported by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement Project Numbers 3655-12630001-02S and 58-3655-6-F157 between the Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS (Madison, WI) and the University of Georgia (Athens) and respectively. Appreciation is particularly extended to the host farm owners and managers for their assistance in providing the facility and for needed input management data. Thanks are extended to Steve Struss (Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI) and David Grande (Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI) for their assistance in obtaining suitable farms for measurement. Gratitude is extended for the conscientious assistance in the field by technical assistant Robbin Smith (USDA-ARS, Madison, WI). NR 28 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2326 EP 2337 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1753 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700052 PM 19389991 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Weigel, KA AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Weigel, K. A. TI Alternatives for examining daughter performance of progeny-test bulls between official evaluations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interim evaluation; progeny test; daughter performance AB In August 2007, the USDA changed from calculating official genetic evaluations quarterly to triannually in conjunction with the schedule change for international evaluations. To offset part of the delay in providing genetic information because of the reduced frequency of official evaluations, industry cooperators requested that interim evaluations be initiated for progeny-est (PT) bulls based on first-lactation records from PT daughters and their contemporaries that calved recently in cooperator herds. Alternatives for interim evaluations were studied to determine which would characterize genetic merit of PT bulls most accurately. Four alternative Holstein data sources were examined based on maximum data interval (most recent 12 or 18 mo of first calvings) and minimum number of PT daughters in herd (>= 1 or >= 5). The highest correlation between August 2006 interim and official evaluations for milk yield was 0.980 for interim evaluations based on the most recent 18 mo of first calvings from cooperator herds with >= 1 PT daughter. That high correlation confirmed that interim evaluations based on limited data could provide genetic estimates of value between official evaluations. With the support of the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, the USDA initiated 3 interim evaluations each year with release limited to PT bulls with >= 10 daughters and an increase in reliability since the most recent official evaluation. C1 [Norman, H. D.; Wright, J. R.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Weigel, K. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM duane.norman@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2348 EP 2355 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1728 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 436XP UT WOS:000265449700054 PM 19389993 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Ramirez, G Brouder, SM Smith, DR Van Scoyoc, GE AF Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo Brouder, Sylvie M. Smith, Douglas R. Van Scoyoc, George E. TI Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in an Eastern Corn Belt Soil: Weather, Nitrogen Source, and Rotation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; OXIDE EMISSIONS; METHANE OXIDATION; PIG SLURRY; LONG-TERM; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; GASEOUS NITROGEN; CROPPING SYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NO-TILLAGE AB Relative contributions of diverse, managed ecosystems to greenhouse gases are not completely documented. This study was conducted to estimate soil surface fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO(2)), methane (CH(4)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) as affected by management practices and weather. Gas fluxes were measured by vented, static chambers in Drummer and Raub soil series during two growing seasons. Treatments evaluated were corn cropped continuously (CC) or in rotation with soybean (CS) and fertilized with in-season urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) or liquid swine manure applied in the spring (SM) or fall (FM). Soybean (SC) rotated with CS and restored prairie grass (PC) were also included. The CO(2) fluxes correlated (P <= 0.001) with soil temperature (rho: 0.74) and accumulated rainfall 120 h before sampling (rho: 0.53); N(2)O fluxes correlated with soil temperature (rho: 0.34). Seasonal CO(2)-C emissions were not different across treatments (4.4 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) but differed between years. Manured soils were net seasonal CH(4)-C emitters (0-159-0.329 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)), whereas CSUAN and CCUAN exhibited CH(4)-C uptake (-0.128 and -0-177 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively). Treatments significantly influenced seasonal N(2)O-Nemissions (P<0.001) and ranged from <1.0 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in PG and SC to between 3 and 5 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in CUM and CSUAN and >8 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in CCSM; differences were driven by pulse emissions after N fertilization in concurrence with major rainfall events. These results suggest fall manure application, corn-soybean rotation, and restoration of prairies may diminish N(2)O emissions and hence contribute to global warming mitigation. C1 [Brouder, Sylvie M.; Van Scoyoc, George E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Smith, Douglas R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Brouder, SM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sbrouder@purdue.edu RI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/I-5429-2013 OI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/0000-0001-8225-5813 FU USDA-NRI FX We thank A. Stath, J. Volcricc, L. Wright, J. Turner, J. Carter, B. Carter, B. Hofmann, R. Graef, and D. Bucholtz for technical assistance and B. joern for coordinating the manure applications. We acknowledge financial support by USDA-NRI (Soil and Soil Biology Program), Consortium for Agricultural Soils Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases (CASMGS), Andrew Environmental Grant, and DOS (Fulbright Program). NR 80 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 841 EP 854 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0565 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441FU UT WOS:000265755500001 PM 19329673 ER PT J AU Chee-Sanford, JC Mackie, RI Koike, S Krapac, IG Lin, YF Yannarell, AC Maxwell, S Aminov, RI AF Chee-Sanford, Joanne C. Mackie, Roderick I. Koike, Satoshi Krapac, Ivan G. Lin, Yu-Feng Yannarell, Anthony C. Maxwell, Scott Aminov, Rustam I. TI Fate and Transport of Antibiotic Residues and Antibiotic Resistance Genes following Land Application of Manure Waste SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; REAL-TIME PCR; MEGASPHAERA-ELSDENII STRAINS; SWINE PRODUCTION FACILITIES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ANIMAL FECAL SAMPLES; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SOIL BACTERIA AB Antibiotics are used in animal livestock production for therapeutic treatment of disease and at subtherapeutic levels for growth promotion and improvement of feed efficiency. It is estimated that approximately 75% of antibiotics are not absorbed by animals and are excreted in waste. Antibiotic resistance selection occurs among gastrointestinal bacteria, which are also excreted in manure and stored in waste holding systems. Land application of animal waste is a common disposal method used in the United States and is a means For environmental entry of both antibiotics and genetic resistance determinants. Concerns for bacterial resistance gene selection and dissemination of resistance genes have prompted interest about the concentrations and biological activity of drug residues and break-down metabolites, and their fate and transport. Fecal bacteria can survive for weeks to months in the environment, depending on species and temperature, however, genetic elements can persist regardless of cell viability. Phylogenetic analyses indicate antibiotic resistance genes have evolved, although some genes have been maintained in bacteria before the modern antibiotic era. Quantitative measurements of drug residues and levels of resistance genes are needed, in addition to understanding the environmental mechanisms of genetic selection, gene acquisition, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of these resistance genes and their bacterial hosts. This review article discusses an accumulation of findings that address aspects of the fate, transport, and persistence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments, with emphasis on mechanisms pertaining to soil environments following land application of animal waste effluent. C1 [Chee-Sanford, Joanne C.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chee-Sanford, Joanne C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mackie, Roderick I.; Koike, Satoshi; Yannarell, Anthony C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mackie, Roderick I.; Koike, Satoshi; Yannarell, Anthony C.] Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mackie, Roderick I.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Krapac, Ivan G.] Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Lin, Yu-Feng] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Maxwell, Scott] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Aminov, Rustam I.] Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. RP Chee-Sanford, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cheesanf@illinois.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Koike, Satoshi/E-1919-2012; Garcia-Armisen, Tamara/A-6173-2008; Aminov, Rustam/C-8764-2016; Aminov, Rustam/L-6534-2013; OI Koike, Satoshi/0000-0002-8742-7247; Aminov, Rustam/0000-0002-5811-8322; Lin, Yu-Feng/0000-0001-6454-0901 NR 291 TC 183 Z9 213 U1 32 U2 222 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1086 EP 1108 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0128 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441FU UT WOS:000265755500024 PM 19398507 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Torbert, HA Way, TR Bolster, CH Pote, DH Warren, JG AF Sistani, K. R. Torbert, H. A. Way, T. R. Bolster, C. H. Pote, D. H. Warren, J. G. TI Broiler Litter Application Method and Runoff Timing Effects on Nutrient and Escherichia coli Losses from Tall Fescue Pasture SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID SWINE MANURE; POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE WATERS; FILTER STRIPS; TRANSPORT AB The inability to incorporate manure into permanent pasture leads to the concentration of nutrients near the soil surface with the potential to be transported off site by runoff water. In this study, we used rainfall simulations to examine the effect of broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter application method and the runoff timing oil nutrient and E. coli losses from call fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture on a Hartsells sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults)) in Crossville, AL. Treatments included two methods of litter application (surface broadcast and subsurface banding), commercial fertilizer, and control. Litter was applied at a rare of 8.97 Mg ha(-1). Treatments were assigned to 48 plots with four blocks (12 plots each) arranged in a randomized complete block design to include three replications in each block. Simulated rainfall was applied to treatments as follows: Day 1, block 1 (runoff 1); Day 8, block 2 (runoff 2); Day 15, block 3 (runoff 3); and Day 22, block 4 (runoff 4). Total phosphorus (TP), inorganic N, and Escherichia coli concentrations in runoff from broadcast litter application were all significantly greater than from subsurface litter banding. The TP losses from broadcast litter applications averaged 6.8 times greater than those from subsurface litter applications. About 81% of the runoff TP was in the form of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) for both litter-application methods. The average losses of NO(3)-N and total suspended solids (TSS) from subsurface banding plots were 160 g ha(-1) and 22 kg ha(-1) compared to 445 g ha-1 and 69 kg ha(-1) for the broadcast method, respectively. Increasing the time between litter application and the first runoff event helped decrease nutrient and E. coli losses from surface broadcast litter, but those losses generally remained significantly greater than controls and subsurface banded, regardless of runoff timing. This study shows that subsurface litter banding into perennial grassland can Substantially reduce nutrient and pathogen losses in runoff compared to the traditional surface-broadcast practice. C1 [Sistani, K. R.; Bolster, C. H.; Warren, J. G.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Torbert, H. A.; Way, T. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Pote, D. H.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM karamat.sistani@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1216 EP 1223 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0185 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441FU UT WOS:000265755500036 PM 19398519 ER PT J AU Faucette, LB Cardoso-Gendreau, FA Codling, E Sadeghi, AM Pachepsky, YA Shelton, DR AF Faucette, L. B. Cardoso-Gendreau, F. A. Codling, E. Sadeghi, A. M. Pachepsky, Y. A. Shelton, D. R. TI Storm Water Pollutant Removal Performance of Compost Filter Socks SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NATURAL ZEOLITE; SILT FENCE; RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; MANURE; ALUM; EROSION AB In 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Menu of Best Management Practices (BMPs) listed compost filter socks (FS) as an approved BMP for controlling sediment in storm runoff on construction sites. The objectives of this study were to determine if FS with or without the addition of a flocculation agent to the FS system can significantly remove (i) suspended clay and silt particulates, (ii) ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)-N) and nitrate-nitrite nitrogen (NO(3)-N), (iii) fecal bacteria, (iv) heavy metals, and (v) petroleum hydrocarbons from storm water runoff. Five separate (I-V) 30-min simulated rainfall-runoff events were applied to soil chambers packed with Hartboro silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic fluvaquentic Endoaquepts) or a 6-mm concrete veneer on a 10% slope, and all runoff was collected and analyzed for hydraulic flow rate, volume, pollutant concentrations, pollutant loads, and removal efficiencies. In corresponding experiments, runoff was analyzed for (i) size of sediment particles, (ii) NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N, (iii) total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli, (iv) Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Ph and Zn, and (v) gasoline, diesel, and motor oil, respectively. Results showed that: (i) FS removed 65% and 66% of clay (< 0.002 min) and silt (0.002-0.05 mm), respectively; (ii) FS removed 17%, and 11% of NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N, respectively and when NitroLoxx was added to the FS, removal of NH(4)-N load increased to 27%; (iii) total coliform and E. coli removal efficiencies were 74 and 75%, respectively, however, when BactoLoxx was added, removal efficiency increased to 87 and 99% for TC and 89 and 99% for E. coli, respectively; (iv) FS removal efficiency for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 37 to 72%, and, when MetalLoxx was added, removal efficiency ranged from 47 to 74%; and (v) FS removal efficiency for the three petroleum hydrocarbons ranged from 43 to 99% and the addition of PetroLoxx increased motor oil and gasoline removal efficiency in the FS system. C1 [Faucette, L. B.] Filtrexx Int, Decatur, GA USA. [Cardoso-Gendreau, F. A.] Filtrexx Int, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Codling, E.; Sadeghi, A. M.; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Shelton, D. R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Faucette, LB (reprint author), Filtrexx Int, Decatur, GA USA. EM brittf@filtrexx.com OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1233 EP 1239 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0306 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441FU UT WOS:000265755500038 PM 19398521 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Locke, MA Steinriede, RW AF Krutz, L. Jason Locke, Martin A. Steinriede, R. Wade, Jr. TI Interactions of Tillage and Cover Crop on Water, Sediment, and Pre-emergence Herbicide Loss in Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton: Implications for the Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Weed Biotypes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; SOIL LOSS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; REDUCED TILLAGE; SURFACE RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; INTENSITY; EROSION; ATRAZINE AB The need to control glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]-resistant weed biotypes with tillage and preemergence herbicides in glyphosate-resistant crops (GRCs) is causing a reduction in no-tillage hectarage thereby threatening the advances made in water quality over the past decade. Consequently, if environmental gains afforded by GRCs are to be maintained, then an in-field best management practice (BMP) compatible with tillage is required for hectarage infested with glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes. Thus, 1 d after a preemergent application of fluometuron [NN-dimerthyl-N'-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) urea] (1.02 kg ha) and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-erhyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] (1.18 kg ha(-1)) to a Dundee silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Endoaqualf), simulated rainfall (60 mm h(-1)) was applied to 0.0002-ha microplots for approximately 1.25 h to elucidate tillage (no tilage [NT] and reduced tillage [RT])and cover crop (no cover [NC] and rye cover [RC]) effects on water, sediment, and herbicide loss in surface runoff. Regardless of tillage, RC delayed time-to-runoff 1.3-fold, reduced cumulative runoff volume 1.4-fold, and decreased cumulative sediment loss 4.7-fold. Cumulative fluometuron loss was not affected by tillage or cover crop. Conversely, total metolachlor loss was 1.3-fold lower in NT than RT and 1.4-fold lower in RC than NC. These data indicate that RC can be established in hectarage requiring tillage and potentially curtail water, sediment, and preemergence herbicide losses in the spring to levels equivalent to or better than that of NT, thereby protecting environmental gains provided by GRCs. C1 [Krutz, L. Jason] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Locke, Martin A.; Steinriede, R. Wade, Jr.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1240 EP 1247 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0342 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441FU UT WOS:000265755500039 PM 19398522 ER PT J AU Sophocleous, M Townsend, MA Vocasek, F Ma, LW Ashok, KC AF Sophocleous, Marios Townsend, Margaret A. Vocasek, Fred Ma, Liwang Ashok, K. C. TI Soil Nitrogen Balance under Wastewater Management: Field Measurements and Simulation Results SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TILE-DRAINAGE; CROP PRODUCTION; QUALITY MODEL; RZWQM; NITRATE; CORN AB The use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops could result in hi-h nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)(-)N) concentrations in the vadose zone and ground water. The goal of this 2-yr field-monitoring stud), in the deep silty clay loam soils south of Dodge City, Kansas, was to assess how and under what circumstances N from the secondary-treated, wastewater-irrigated corn reached the deep (20-45 m) water table of the underlying High Plains aquifer and what could be done to minimize this problem. We collected 15.2-m-deep soil cores for characterization of physical and chemical properties; installed neutron probe access tubes to measure soil-water content and suction lysimeters to sample soil water periodically; sampled monitoring, irrigation, and domestic wells in the area; and obtained climatic, crop, irrigation, and N application rate records for two wastewater-irrigated study sites. These data and additional information were used to run the Root Zone Water Quality Model to identify key parameters and processes that influence N losses in the study area. We demonstrated that NO(3)(-)N transport processes result in significant accumulations of N in the vadose zone and chat NO(3)(-)N in the underlying ground water is increasing with time. Root Zone Water Quality Model simulations for two wastewater-irrigated study sites indicated that reducing levels of corn N fertilization by more than half to 170 kg ha(-1) substantially increases N-use efficiency and achieves near-maximum crop yield. Combining Such measures with a crop rotation that includes alfalfa should further reduce the accumulation and downward movement of NO(3)(-)N in the soil profile. C1 [Sophocleous, Marios; Townsend, Margaret A.; Ashok, K. C.] Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Vocasek, Fred] Agrienvironm Consulting, Servitech Labs, Dodge City, KS 67801 USA. [Ma, Liwang] USDA ARS NPA ASRU, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Sophocleous, M (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, 1930 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. EM marios@kgs.ku.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1286 EP 1301 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0318 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441FU UT WOS:000265755500044 PM 19398527 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Howell, J Weidenhamer, JD AF Dayan, Franck E. Howell, J'Lynn Weidenhamer, Jeffrey D. TI Dynamic root exudation of sorgoleone and its in planta mechanism of action SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Allelochemical; allelopathy; lipid resorcinols; mode of action; sorghum; sorgoleone ID NATURAL-PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ALLELOCHEMICAL SORGOLEONE; INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; STRIGA-ASIATICA; TRANSLOCATION; GERMINATION; BINDING; HAIRS AB The oily droplets exuded from the root hairs of sorghum are composed of a 1:1 ratio of sorgoleone and its lipid resorcinol analogue. The production of these droplets appears to be suppressed when c. 20 mu g of exudate mg(-1) root dry weight accumulates at the tip of the root hairs. However, more exudate is produced following gentle washing of the roots with water, suggesting that the biosynthesis of lipid benzoquinones and resorcinols is a dynamic process. Sorgoleone interferes with several molecular target sites, including photosynthetic electron transport, in in vitro assays. However, the in planta mechanism of action of sorgoleone remains controversial because it is not clear whether this lipid benzoquinone exuding from the roots of sorghum is taken up by roots of the receiving plants and translocated to their foliage where it must enter the chloroplast and inhibit PSII in the thylakoid membrane. Experiments designed to test the in planta mode of action of sorgoleone demonstrated that it has no effect on the photosynthesis of older plants, but inhibits photosynthesis in germinating seedlings. Sorgoleone is not translocated acropetally in older plants, but can be absorbed through the hypocotyl and cotyledonary tissues. Therefore, the mode of action of sorgoleone may be the result of inhibition of photosynthesis in young seedlings in concert with inhibition of its other molecular target sites in older plants. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.; Howell, J'Lynn] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Weidenhamer, Jeffrey D.] Ashland Univ, Dept Chem, Ashland, OH 44805 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0515826] FX This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0515826). NR 50 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2107 EP 2117 DI 10.1093/jxb/erp082 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446IM UT WOS:000266115300020 PM 19357432 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Mitchell, AJ AF Darwish, A. M. Mitchell, A. J. TI Evaluation of diquat against an acute experimental infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; columnaris; diquat; efficacy; Flavobacterium columnare ID EFFICACY AB A trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium dibromide) against an acute experimental infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Diquat is an Environmental Protection Agency-approved herbicide and has the potential to be legally and practically used against columnaris. Channel catfish were challenged, by cutaneous abrasion, and waterborne exposure to F. columnare and treated once at 22-h post-challenge with 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 15 mg L(-1) of diquat active ingredient for 6 h. At the conclusion of the trial, 21-day post-challenge, diquat at 5.0, 10.0 and 15 mg L(-1) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the mortality of infected fish from 95% in the challenged non-treated fish to 68%, 59% and 49%, respectively. In vitro, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 23 isolates of F. columnare was assayed. The majority of the isolates had an MIC value of 5 mu g mL(-1) (15 of the 23 isolates). Infected fish exhibited acute clinical signs similar to a natural infection. The skin had severe ulcerative necrotizing dermatitis and the muscles had severe necrotizing myositis. The gills had severe multifocal necrotizing branchitis. The results demonstrate that diquat would reduce mortalities caused by an acute columnaris infection. C1 [Darwish, A. M.; Mitchell, A. J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. EM ahmed.darwish@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01024.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 435WS UT WOS:000265374600002 PM 19392680 ER PT J AU Warner, K AF Warner, Kathleen TI OXIDATIVE AND FLAVOR STABILITY OF TORTILLA CHIPS FRIED IN EXPELLER PRESSED LOW LINOLENIC ACID SOYBEAN OIL SO JOURNAL OF FOOD LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID CANOLA OILS; TEMPERATURE; TOCOPHEROLS AB To determine effects of expeller oil pressing and decreased linolenic acid, intermittent batch frying tests were conducted with tortilla chips using soybean oil (SBO), expeller pressed SBO (EPSBO), expeller pressed low linolenic SBO (EPLLSBO), high oleic sunflower oil, corn oil and hydrogenated SBO for up to 35 h of frying. Chips were aged at 25C and trained, experienced analytical sensory panelists evaluated their flavor. Oxidative stability of the chips was determined by hexanal analyses and oil fry life was measured by total polar compounds. The stability of tortilla chips fried in EPLLSBO was significantly better than chips fried in SBO or EPSBO as judged by rancid flavor intensity and hexanal formation after storage. This effect may be due, in part, to less linolenic acid in EPLLSBO and better tocopherol retention compared to EPSBO. The combination of expeller pressing and low linolenic acid (EPLLSBO) produced a significantly more stable fried product than expeller pressing (EPSBO) alone. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kathleen.warner@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1065-7258 J9 J FOOD LIPIDS JI J. Food Lipids PD MAY PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 133 EP 147 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 448DM UT WOS:000266243300001 ER PT J AU Sheffield, CL Crippen, TL Andrews, K Bongaerts, RJ Nisbet, DJ AF Sheffield, Cynthia L. Crippen, Tawni L. Andrews, Kathleen Bongaerts, Roy J. Nisbet, David J. TI Characterization of Planktonic and Biofilm Communities of Day-of-Hatch Chicks Cecal Microflora and Their Resistance to Salmonella Colonization SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION CULTURES; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURE; LARGE INTESTINAL FLORA; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; BROILER-CHICKENS; IN-VITRO; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; PROTECTING CHICKS AB Recent concerns about the use of antimicrobials in food animals have increased interest in the microbial ecology and biofilms within their gastrointestinal tract. This work used a continuous-flow chemostat system to model the microbial community within the ceca from day-of-hatch chicks and its ability to resist colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We characterized the biofilm and planktonic communities from five cultures by using automated ribotyping. Eight species from six different genera were identified. Overall, the planktonic communities were more diverse, with 40% of the cultures containing four or more bacterial species. Eighty percent of the biofilm communities contained only one or two species of bacteria. Enterococcus faecalis was the only species isolated from all communities. None of the resulting microbial communities was able to resist colonization by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. This is the first study to provide a molecular-based characterization of the biofilm and planktonic communities found in day-of-hatch chicken cecal microflora cultures. C1 [Sheffield, Cynthia L.; Crippen, Tawni L.; Andrews, Kathleen; Nisbet, David J.] Agr Res Serv, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bongaerts, Roy J.] Inst Food Res, Inst Food Res, Mol Microbiol Grp, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. RP Sheffield, CL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Sheffield@.sparc.usda.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 72 IS 5 BP 959 EP 965 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 444BS UT WOS:000265955600006 PM 19517721 ER PT J AU Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Bailey, JS Berrang, ME Cox, JM Buhr, RJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ Harrison, MA AF Richardson, L. J. Cox, N. A. Bailey, J. S. Berrang, M. E. Cox, J. M. Buhr, R. J. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Harrison, M. A. TI Evaluation of TECRA Broth, Bolton Broth, and Direct Plating for Recovery of Campylobacter spp. from Broiler Carcass Rinsates from Commercial Processing Plants SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID THERMOTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER; ECOMETRIC TECHNIQUE; CULTURE MEDIA; CHICKEN MEAT; BLOOD-FREE; JEJUNI; ENRICHMENT; FOOD; ENUMERATION; EFFICACY AB The purpose of this study was to compare a conventional culture broth method (Bolton enrichment), a newly developed proprietary broth method (TECRA Campylobacter enrichment), and direct plating for recovery of Campylobacter spp. from chicken carcass rinsates. Whole carcass rinses were taken from 140 carcasses at rehang (immediately after defeathering but before evisceration) and from 140 carcasses at postchill from eight different processing plants in the United States. The rinsate samples were packed in ice and shipped overnight to the laboratory. Aliquots of the rinsate were transferred into Bolton and TECRA enrichment broths and were direct plated. Standard laboratory procedures with Campy-cefex plates were followed for recovery of Campylobacter spp. For rehang carcasses, 94% were positive for Campylobacter spp. with the TECRA enrichment broth and 74% were positive with the Bolton enrichment broth. For postchill carcasses, 74% were positive for Campylobacter spp. with the TECRA enrichment broth and 71 % were positive with the Bolton enrichment broth. Compared with the Bolton enrichment broth, TECRA enrichment broth significantly suppressed non-Campylobacter microflora (P < 0.05). Overall, TECRA enrichment broth yielded an 11% higher total number of Campylobacter-positive samples compared with the Bolton enrichment broth. Campylobacter spp. detection in postchill samples was significantly greater (P < 0.05) by enrichment (84%) than by direct plating (19%). The high number of Campylobacter-positive samples obtained with all procedures indicated that 99% of the carcass rinsates obtained at rehang and 84% obtained at postchill contained Campylobacter spp. C1 [Richardson, L. J.; Cox, N. A.; Buhr, R. J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Bailey, J. S.] BioMerieux Inc, Hazelwood, MO 63042 USA. [Berrang, M. E.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Cox, J. M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem Engn & Ind Chem, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Harrison, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Richardson, LJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jason.richardson@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 72 IS 5 BP 972 EP 977 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 444BS UT WOS:000265955600008 PM 19517723 ER PT J AU Palou, L Smilanick, JL Crisosto, CH AF Palou, Lluis Smilanick, Joseph L. Crisosto, Carlos H. TI Evaluation of Food Additives as Alternative or Complementary Chemicals to Conventional Fungicides for the Control of Major Postharvest Diseases of Stone Fruit SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HOT-WATER; BROWN-ROT; PEACHES; DECAY; FLUDIOXONIL; CALIFORNIA; NECTARINES; RESPONSES; STORAGE; APPLE AB To evaluate potential alternatives to conventional fungicides to control decay, more than 20 food additives and generally regarded as safe compounds were tested at three concentrations in, in vivo primary screenings with several cultivars of California peaches, nectarines, and plums that had been artificially inoculated with seven major postharvest pathogens: Monilinia fructicola, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium expansum, Mucor piriformis, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Overall, the best compounds were 200 mM potassium sorbate (PS), 200 mM sodium benzoate (SB), 200 mM sodium sorbate, 100 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 400 mM sodium carbonate, and 250 mM potassium carbonate. Sodium and ammonium molybdates, acid lactic, and hydrogen peroxide were somewhat effective but were phytotoxic to fruit skin tissues. However, the best compounds lacked effectiveness and persistence when tested against brown rot in small-scale trials of 60-s dips in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures; PS and SB reduced brown rot incidence by less than 40%. Rinsing treated fruit with tap water reduced the efficacy of the compounds by up to 30%. In contrast, heating the solutions to 55 or 60 degrees C significantly increased treatment efficacy. Brown rot incidence and severity were reduced by 35 and 25%, respectively, on PS-treated peaches after 7 days of incubation at 20 degrees C. However, treatment efficacy was not superior to that with water alone at these temperatures. In semicommercial trials, mixtures of fludioxonil with PS, SB, or 2-deoxy-D-glucose applied as fruit coatings on a packing line were not synergistic in their effect on brown rot, gray mold, and sour rot. C1 [Palou, Lluis] Inst Valencia Invest Agr, Ctr Tecnol Postcollita, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Smilanick, Joseph L.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Commod Protect & Qual Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Crisosto, Carlos H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Palou, L (reprint author), Inst Valencia Invest Agr, Ctr Tecnol Postcollita, Valencia 46113, Spain. EM palou_llu@gva.es RI Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012 OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1046 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 444BS UT WOS:000265955600017 PM 19517732 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Line, JE AF Stern, Norman J. Line, J. Eric TI Enumeration of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella in Broiler Carcass Rinses before and after Simulated Transport in Artificial Ice for 24 Hours SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RECOVERY; CHICKENS; STORAGE; JEJUNI; BROTH AB The maintenance and survival of target pathogens during transport from the field collection site to the analytical laboratory is essential for obtaining accurate and reliable data. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of sterile tap water (SW), buffered peptone water (BPW), and universal preenrichment broth (UP) for maintaining populations of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella, and Escherichia coli for 24 h under simulated transport conditions. Freshly processed broiler carcasses (17 = 100) were rinsed in SW. The rinses were divided, and components were added to create equal volumes of rinse samples consisting of SW, BPW, and UP. The rinses were analyzed for the target organisms immediately and again after 24 h of simulated chilled transport conditions. The only meaningful difference between the different transport media was found for UP, which recovered fewer E. coli than did either SW or BPW. These findings support the conclusion that either SW or BPW should be used as a broiler carcass rinse and/or transport medium to accurately depict the levels or presence of these three target bacteria as a whole. Because potable water differs in pH and hardness across the United States, a follow-up study was conducted to investigate whether water hardness or pH within the ranges normally found across the United States would affect Campylobacter recovery from carcass rinses. No significant differences were detected. C1 [Stern, Norman J.; Line, J. Eric] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Line, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM eric.line@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1101 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 444BS UT WOS:000265955600026 PM 19517741 ER PT J AU Wesche, AM Gurtler, JB Marks, BP Ryser, ET AF Wesche, Alissa M. Gurtler, Joshua B. Marks, Bradley P. Ryser, Elliot T. TI Stress, Sublethal Injury, Resuscitation, and Virulence of Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ACID TOLERANCE RESPONSE; SIMULATED GASTRIC FLUID; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; MEMBRANE-LIPID COMPOSITION; NON-CULTURABLE STATE; PRIOR HEAT-SHOCK; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB Environmental stress and food preservation methods (e.g., heating, chilling, acidity, and alkalinity) are known to induce adaptive responses within the bacterial cell. Microorganisms that survive a given stress often gain resistance to that stress or other stresses via cross-protection. The physiological state of a bacterium is an important consideration when studying its response to food preservation techniques. This article reviews the various definitions of injury and stress, sublethal injury of bacteria, stresses that cause this injury, stress adaptation, cellular repair and response mechanisms, the role of reactive oxygen species in bacterial injury and resuscitation, and the potential for cross-protection and enhanced virulence as a result of various stress conditions. C1 [Wesche, Alissa M.; Ryser, Elliot T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gurtler, Joshua B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Marks, Bradley P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ryser, ET (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ryser@msu.edu NR 226 TC 115 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 55 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1121 EP 1138 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 444BS UT WOS:000265955600031 PM 19517746 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT AF Rajkowski, Kathleen T. TI PERCENT MOISTURE AND SEED COAT CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFALFA SEEDS AFTER ARTIFICIAL INOCULATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; KILLING SALMONELLA; EFFICACY; SPROUTS; CHLORINE; INACTIVATION; REDUCTION AB Naturally contaminated seeds have low pathogen levels. Most reports on sanitizing efficacy used artificially inoculated seeds. There is no standard procedure for artificially inoculating seeds with bacteria pathogens. This study compared 15 published inoculation procedures as they impact the percent moisture of alfalfa seeds. The percent moisture after drying was similar for the 15 procedures, verifying that the inoculation method had no effect. Using white and ultraviolet (UV) fluorescent light at 360 nm, the physical characteristics of different alfalfa varieties' seed coats were examined. Exposed cotyledon fluoresced under the UV light, making viewing of wrinkled, broken and cracked seed coats easier. The effects of wetting and drying on broken or cracked seed coats were photographed. During inoculation, cracks or breaks in the seed coats became more pronounced and curled away from the cotyledon; thus, bacteria cells in the inocula became trapped in the cracks or under the seed coat. Upon drying, the seed coat did not return to the original position. Condition of the seeds used for artificial inoculation would therefore be expected to impact the result of a decontamination procedure. Examination of seed lots using the UV fluorescent light could potentially be used to remove the cracked and wrinkled seeds. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kathleen.rajkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2009.00152.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 435WT UT WOS:000265374700005 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Dolnikowski, G Blumberg, JB Chen, CYO AF Bolling, Bradley W. Dolnikowski, Gregory Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Chen, C. Y. Oliver TI Quantification of Almond Skin Polyphenols by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE almond; flavonoid; LC-MS; polyphenols; quantification ID VITAMIN-E; IDENTIFICATION; FLAVONOIDS; RESISTANCE; PHENOLICS AB Reverse phase HPLC coupled to negative mode electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to quantify 16 flavonoids and 2 phenolic acids from almond skin extracts. Calibration curves of standard compounds were run daily and daidzein was used as an internal standard. The inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of standard curve slopes ranged from 13% to 25% of the mean. On column (OC) limits of detection (LOD) for polyphenols ranged from 0.013 to 1.4 pmol, and flavonoid glycosides had a 7-fold greater sensitivity than aglycones. Limits of quantification were 0.043 to 2.7 pmol OC, with a mean of 0.58 pmol flavonoid OC. Mean inter-day RSD of polyphenols in almond skin extract was 6.8% with a range of 4% to 11%, and intra-day RSD was 2.4%. Liquid nitrogen (LN(2)) or hot water (HW) blanching was used to facilitate removal of the almond skins prior to extraction using assisted solvent extraction (ASE) or steeping with acidified aqueous methanol. Recovery of polyphenols was greatest in HW blanched almond extracts with a mean value of 2.1 mg/g skin. ASE and steeping extracted equivalent polyphenols, although ASE of LN2 blanched skins yielded 52% more aglycones and 23% less flavonoid glycosides. However, the extraction methods did not alter flavonoid profile of HW blanched almond skins. The recovery of polyphenolic components that were spiked into almond skins before the steeping extraction was 97% on a mass basis. This LC-MS method presents a reliable means of quantifying almond polyphenols. C1 [Bolling, Bradley W.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Chen, C. Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dolnikowski, Gregory] Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH IRACDA [K12 GM074869] FX This study was supported by U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement nr 58-1950-7-707 and a grant from the Almond Board of California. Dr. Bolling was supported from NIH IRACDA training grant nr K12 GM074869. The authors are grateful to Guisy Mandalari for consultation on methodology and for the technical assistance of Jennifer O'Leary, Desire Kelley, and Sisca Bolling. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP C326 EP C332 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01133.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 443VB UT WOS:000265937800006 PM 19490319 ER PT J AU Liao, CH AF Liao, C. -H. TI Acidified Sodium Chlorite as an Alternative to Chlorine for Elimination of Salmonella on Alfalfa Seeds SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acidified sodium chlorite; alfalfa seed; chlorine; disinfection; Salmonella ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; SPROUT PRODUCTION; EFFICACY; GROWTH; WATER; REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; QUALITY AB The health and environmental hazard associated with the use of chlorine for food processing has been documented previously. This study was conducted to determine if acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) could be used to replace calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl](2)) for disinfection of alfalfa seeds. Contaminated seeds containing approximately 1.5 x 10(7) CFU/g of Salmonella were treated with ASC or Ca(OCl)2 at different concentrations and for different periods of time. Results showed that the efficacy of ASC and Ca(OCl)2 for elimination of Salmonellaon contaminated seeds could be improved greatly by extending the treatment time from the traditional 15 to 45 min. Treatment of seeds with 800 ppm of ASC for 45 min reduced the number of Salmonella by 3.9 log units, approximately 1.2 log units higher than that treated with 20000 ppm of Ca(OCl)(2). Treatment of seeds with a lower concentration (100 to 400 ppm) of ASC for 45 min reduced the number of Salmonella by 1.3 to 2.2 log units. Soaking alfalfa seeds in 800 ppm of ASC for 45 min did not affect seed germination. However, soaking seeds in 20000 ppm of Ca(OCl)2 for 45 min reduced seed germination by 20%. Unlike Ca(OCl)(2), antimicrobial efficiency of ASC was not affected by pre-exposure to alfalfa seeds. Data presented also showed that Salmonella on newly inoculated seeds that had been stored at 4 degrees C for less than 7 d were more sensitive to sanitizer treatment than those on seeds that had been stored for 4 wk or longer. C1 Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChingHsing.liao@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP M159 EP M164 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01125.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 443VB UT WOS:000265937800017 PM 19490333 ER PT J AU Miguel-Garcia, DY Juneja, VK Valenzuela-Melendrez, M Diaz-Cinco, ME Thippareddi, H Pena-Ramos, EA AF Miguel-Garcia, Denise Y. Juneja, Vilay K. Valenzuela-Melendrez, Martin Diaz-Cinco, Martha E. Thippareddi, H. Pena-Ramos, E. Aida TI Clostridium Perfringens Growth from Spore Inocula in Sous-Vide Processed Pork-Based Mexican Entree SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citricidal; Clostridium perfringens; gamma irradiation; pork meat; sous-vide ID PRODUCTS; BEEF; FOOD AB The combined effect of Citricidal (R) wih irradiation on Clostridium perfringens growth from spores in a sous-vide processed marinated pork meat Mexican entree was investigated. Citricidal was added at 200 or 800 ppm. after mixing pork meat with tomatillo sauce and inoculated with 3 log(10) CFU/g of C. perfringens spores. Samples were irradiated at either 0 or 2 kGy, heated to an internal temperature of 71 degrees C, and stored at 4 degrees C for 28 d, 15 degrees C for 45 d, and 25 degrees C for 26 h. To simulate the conditions that may occur during transportation, distribution, storage, or handling in supermarkets or by consumers, the effect of static temperature abuse on C. perfringens growth was assessed by transferring samples stored at 4 to 25 degrees C for 13 and 15 h. Total C. perfringens populations were determined by plating diluted samples on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar. Growth was not observed up to 45 d of storage at 15 degrees C in samples supplemented with 800 ppm of Citricidal. At 25 degrees C, no significant differences (P > 0.05) on the lag phase duration due to antimicrobial treatments was observed. The temperature abuse of refrigerated products for up to 15 h did not lead to C. perfringens growth to high infective dose levels of I million cells required to cause food poisoning. The results suggest that 800 ppm, Citricidal can have significant bacteriostatic activity against C. perfringens and may provide a degree of protection against this pathogen in sous-vide processed marinated pork meat Mexican entree, under mild temperature abuse (<= 15 degrees C) conditions. C1 [Miguel-Garcia, Denise Y.; Valenzuela-Melendrez, Martin; Diaz-Cinco, Martha E.; Pena-Ramos, E. Aida] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, AC, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Juneja, Vilay K.] USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Thippareddi, H.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pena-Ramos, EA (reprint author), Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, AC, Carretera Victoria Km 0-6, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. EM aida@ciad.mx NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP M172 EP M176 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01131.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 443VB UT WOS:000265937800019 PM 19490335 ER PT J AU Olsen, MJ Perez-Diaz, IM AF Olsen, Maegan J. Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. TI Influence of Microbial Growth on the Redox Potential of Fermented Cucumbers SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cucumber fermentation; enterobacter; lactobacilli; redox potential; Zygosaccharomyces ID LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; SYSTEMS; ACID AB Commonly, pH measurements are used during the production of fermented cucumbers to indirectly monitor growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acid production. Redox potential (Eh) measurements, which are determined by the potential of an electron to reduce an acceptor, could serve as an alternative tool to monitor the progress of fermentation allowing the detection of the metabolic activity and/or growth of LAB and other microorganisms. Pasteurized and inoculated jars of cucumbers were observed to better understand how the E(h), changes during the cucumber fermentation and how it could be used as a monitoring tool. Jars of diced, brined cucumbers were pasteurized and inoculated with microbes previously isolated from fermented cucumbers including Lactobacillus plantarum, Zygosaccharomyces globiformis, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Although an initial decrease in E(h) was observed for all microorganisms, distinctive trends in E(h) occurred when these organisms were inoculated. After a 2-wk fermentation period, the E(h) (Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl) in jars inoculated with L. plantarum, Z. globiformis, and E. aerogenes was at +453 +/- 55, +104 +/- 5, and -156 +/- 73 mV, respectively. Cucumbers inoculated with a mixture of L. plantarunt and Z. globiformis had. a terminal E(h) value of +202 +/- 24 mV, which was between that found for the individual microorganisms. L. plantarunt dominated the Eh trend when inoculated along with E. aerogenes with a final E(h) of +411 +/- 72 mV. The results showed that changes in E(h) continued after pH measurements became stable. Thus E(h) measurement can provide a tool to continuously monitor microbial growth during the course of cucumber fermentations. C1 [Olsen, Maegan J.; Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27698 USA. [Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27698 USA. EM Ilenys.Perez-Diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP M149 EP M153 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01121.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 443VB UT WOS:000265937800015 PM 19490331 ER PT J AU Neta, ERD Johanningsmeier, SD Drake, MA McFeeters, RF AF Neta, E. R. D. Johanningsmeier, S. D. Drake, M. A. McFeeters, R. F. TI Effects of pH Adjustment and Sodium Ions on Sour Taste Intensity of Organic Acids SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic acid; pH; protonated; undissociated ID SALTS; PHYSIOLOGY; RESPONSES; CHLORIDE; QUALITY AB Protonated organic acid species have been shown to be the primary stimuli responsible for sour taste of organic acids. However, we have observed that sour taste may be modulated when the pH of acid solutions is raised using sodium hydroxide. Objectives were to evaluate the effect of pH adjustment on sour taste of equimolar protonated organic acid solutions and to investigate the potential roles of organic anions and sodium ions on sour taste perception. Despite equal concentrations of protonated acid species, sour taste intensity decreased significantly with increased pH for acetic, lactic, malic, and citric acids (P < 0.05). Total organic anion concentration did not explain the suppression of sour taste in solutions containing a blend of 3 organic acids with constant concentration of protonated organic acid species and hydrogen ions and variable organic anion concentrations (R(2) = 0.480, P = 0.12). Sour taste suppression in these solutions seemed to be more closely related to sodium ions added in the form of NaOH (R(2) = 0.861, P = 0.007). Addition of 20 mM NaCl to acid solutions resulted in significant suppression of sour taste (P = 0.016). However, sour taste did not decrease with further addition of NaCl up to 80 mM. Presence of sodium ions was clearly shown to decrease sour taste of organic acid solutions. Nonetheless, suppression of sour taste in pH adjusted single acid solutions was greater than what would be expected based on the sodium ion concentration alone, indicating an additional suppression mechanism may be involved. C1 [Johanningsmeier, S. D.; McFeeters, R. F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johanningsmeier, S. D.; McFeeters, R. F.] N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Neta, E. R. D.; Drake, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Roger.Mcfeeters@ars.usda.gov FU NRICGP [6645-41420004-01R, 2003-35503-13871] FX This investigation was supported by NRICGP grant 6645-41420004-01R, award nr 2003-35503-13871 from USDA-NRl (Washington, D.C., U.S.A.). NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP S165 EP S169 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01127.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 443VB UT WOS:000265937800028 PM 19490344 ER PT J AU Ying, Z Davenport, TL Faber, B Zhang, T Schnell, RJ Tondo, CL AF Ying, Z. Davenport, T. L. Faber, B. Zhang, T. Schnell, R. J. Tondo, C. L. TI Re-evaluation of the roles of honeybees and wind on pollination in avocado SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATERNITY INFERENCE; FLORIDA; POLLEN AB Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) flowers, with their synchronously dichogamous behaviour, are considered to be pollinated by honeybees, despite the lack of any direct evidence. Results in southern Florida showed that avocado pollen was transferable by wind, and was dispersed over a brief period of time (15 - 60 min) each day. Ten 'Hass' avocado orchards in the Santa Clara River Valley, CA, USA, planted far from any known 'Zutano' polliniser trees, were selected to investigate the impact of honeybees on pollen transfer. 'Zutano' pollen (5 g per insert) was placed at the entry to beehives (approx. eight beehives per orchard) and refreshed four-to-five times during the flowering season. Successful pollinations were determined by parental analysis of harvested 'Hass' fruit from trees located at various distances from the beehives, and at three different stages of fruit development, using microsatellite DNA markers. The results showed no significant difference in the proportions of 'Zutano'-pollinated fruit with respect to distance and/or development stage between orchards provided with beehives containing 'Zutano' pollen and those without supplemented pollen. This strongly suggests that honeybees are not the major pollinators of avocado, and that most avocado flowers are self-pollinated by wind. C1 [Ying, Z.; Davenport, T. L.; Zhang, T.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Faber, B.] Cooperat Extens Ventura Cty, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Schnell, R. J.; Tondo, C. L.] USDA ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Davenport, TL (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, 18905 SW 280 St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM tldav@ufl.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 84 IS 3 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 527TL UT WOS:000272389300002 ER PT J AU Lange, MD Waldbieser, GC Lobb, CJ AF Lange, Miles D. Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Lobb, Craig J. TI Patterns of Receptor Revision in the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains of a Teleost Fish SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID V-H REPLACEMENT; RECOMBINATION SIGNAL SEQUENCES; B-CELL REPERTOIRE; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; CHANNEL CATFISH; GENE REPLACEMENT; ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; SOMATIC MUTATION AB H chain cDNA libraries were constructed from the RNA derived from seven different organs and tissues from the same individual catfish. Sequence analysis of >300 randomly selected clones identified clonal set members within the same or different tissues, and some of these represented mosaic or hybrid sequences. These hybrids expressed V(H) members of the same or different V(H) families within different regions of the same clone. Within sonic clonal sets multiple hybrids were identified, and sonic of these represented the products of sequential V(H) replacement events. Different experimental methods confirmed that hybrid clones identified in the cDNA library from one tissue could be reisolated in the cDNA pool or from the total RNA derived from the same or a different tissue, indicating that these hybrids likely represented the products of in vivo receptor revision events. Murine statistical recombination models were used to evaluate cryptic recombination signal sequences (cRSS), and significant cRSS pairs in the predicted V(H) donor and recipient were identified. These models supported the hypothesis that seamless revisions may have occurred via hybrid joint formation. The heptamers of the cRSS pairs were located at different locations within the coding region, and different events resulted in the replacement of one or both CDR as well as events that replaced the upstream untranslated region and the leader region. These studies provide phylogenetic evidence that receptor revision may occur in clonally expanded B cell lineages, which supports the hypothesis that additional levels of somatic H chain diversification may exist. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 5605-5622. C1 [Lange, Miles D.; Lobb, Craig J.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lobb, CJ (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM clobb@microbio.umsmed.edu FU National Institutes of Health [A123052] FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant A123052. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 182 IS 9 BP 5605 EP 5622 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0801013 PG 18 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 563HQ UT WOS:000275119200055 PM 19380808 ER PT J AU Bajpai, VK Kim, HR Hou, CT Kang, SC AF Bajpai, Vivek K. Kim, Hak Ryul Hou, Ching Tsang Kang, Sun Chul TI Microbial conversion and in vitro and in vivo antifungal assessment of bioconverted docosahexaenoic acid (bDHA) used against agricultural plant pathogenic fungi SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Docosahexaenoic acid; Bioconversion; Antifungal activity; Plant pathogens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS; ESSENTIAL OILS; COMPOUND; DISEASES AB Microbial modification of polyunsaturated fatty acids can often lead to special changes in their structure and in biological potential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop potential antifungal agents through the microbial conversion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Bioconverted oil extract of docosahexaenoic acid (bDHA), obtained from the microbial conversion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, was assessed for its in vitro and in vivo antifungal potential. Mycelial growth inhibition of test plant pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, was measured in vitro. bDHA (5 mu l disc(-1)) inhibited 55.30-65.90% fungal mycelium radial growth of all the tested plant pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of bDHA against the tested plant pathogens were found in the range of 125-500 mu g ml(-1). Also, bDHA had a strong detrimental effect on spore germination for all the tested plant pathogens. Further, three plant pathogenic fungi, namely C. capsici, F. oxysporum and P. capsici, were subjected to an in vivo antifungal screening. bDHA at higher concentrations revealed a promising antifungal effect in vivo as compared to the positive control oligochitosan. Furthermore, elaborative study of GC-MS analysis was conducted on bioconverted oil extract of DHA to identify the transformation products present in bDHA. The results of this study indicate that the oil extract of bDHA has potential value of industrial significance to control plant pathogenic fungi. C1 [Bajpai, Vivek K.; Kang, Sun Chul] Daegu Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712714, Kyoungbook, South Korea. [Kim, Hak Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Hou, Ching Tsang] Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA MPRU NCAUR, Dept Agr, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. RP Kang, SC (reprint author), Daegu Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712714, Kyoungbook, South Korea. EM sckang@daegu.ac.kr NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 36 IS 5 BP 695 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s10295-009-0539-6 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 436FO UT WOS:000265398300010 PM 19259715 ER PT J AU Pureswaran, DS Poland, TM AF Pureswaran, Deepa S. Poland, Therese M. TI The Role of Olfactory Cues in Short-Range Mate Finding by the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Sex discrimination; sensory deprivation; olfaction; vision; mounting; short-range sex pheromone ID CONTACT PHEROMONES; RECOGNITION; CERAMBYCIDAE; LOCATION; HOST; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; BEETLES; CHOICE AB We investigated the relative importance of olfaction versus vision in the mate-finding behavior of Agrilus planipennis. When coupled in male-female, male-male and female-female pairs, attempts to mate occurred only in the male-female pairs, suggesting that beetles can identify the opposite sex before attempting to mate. In a set of sensory deprivation experiments with male-female pairs, we evaluated whether males could find females when deprived of their sense of olfaction, vision or both. Males whose antennae were blocked with model paint took significantly longer to find females and spent less time in copula compared to untreated males. Males whose eyes were similarly blocked did not differ in their mate finding capacity compared to untreated males. In a third experiment that compared both olfaction and vision, olfactorily impaired beetles never mated whereas the mate finding potential of visually impaired beetles did not differ from that of untreated beetles. Our results indicate that males can identify females before coming into physical contact with them, and that at short range (a parts per thousand currency sign5 cm), volatile cues detected by olfaction are involved in mate finding by A. planipennis. C1 [Pureswaran, Deepa S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Pureswaran, Deepa S.] Nat Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy OPL, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP Pureswaran, DS (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy OPL, POB 4000,Regent St, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. EM deepa_pureswaran@alumni.sfu.ca FU USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Program; Canadian Food Inspection Agency FX We thank G. Grant for initial discussions, T. Kuhn for laboratory assistance, J. Stanovick for statistical advice and C. Rodriguez-Saona, B. Gill, H. Liu and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts. Financial support was provided by the USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Program to TMP and an NSERC Visiting Fellowship to DSP from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s10905-008-9166-8 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 413XX UT WOS:000263829600004 ER PT J AU Chen, F Robinson, PJ AF Chen, Fan Robinson, Peter J. TI Estimating Reference Crop Evapotranspiration with ETgages SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED ATMOMETER; MODEL; PAN; EVAPORATION AB Three years of daily reference evapotranspiration measured by atmometers (ETg) were compared to the values computed from the ASCE standardized Penman-Monteith equation (ETr) using co-located meteorological measurements at 19 locations across North Carolina. The atmometers underestimated daily ETr by an average of 21% across the study area. Linear regression models between ETg and ETr had intercepts significantly different from zero and slopes different from one, but would generally yield a gauge error within 1 mm day(-1). The ETg-ETr relationship was found to be highly sensitive to precipitation and wind speed, but rather insensitive to humidity, radiation, and temperature. Although wind speed is generally low in the study area, the insensitivity of ETgages to wind caused severe underestimation in those periods when wind speed was high. Mean absolute error increased from 17% when wind speed was below 1 m s(-1) to 64% when wind speed was greater than 5 m s(-1). Precipitation can temporarily disrupt ETgage evaporation and cause underestimation of ETr. The linear relationship between ETg and ETr in rainy days was significantly different than that of the clear days. Analysis of the local relationships suggested that they are sensitive to their major surrounding physiographic environment and to the strictly local surface conditions, but not to the intermediate mesoscale surface environment. As a result, different linear regression equations were developed to adjust ETg to ETr in three land regions and in dry or wet conditions. C1 [Robinson, Peter J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Fan.Chen@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 135 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000005 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 447PG UT WOS:000266202900008 ER PT J AU Zhao, LM Pridgeon, JW Becnel, JJ Clark, GC Linthicum, KJ AF Zhao, Liming Pridgeon, Julia W. Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed During Heat Shock Treatment in Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock; Aedes aegypti; gene expression; suppression subtraction hybridization ID TROUT HEPATOCYTES; CULEX-PIPIENS; PROTEIN; ADULTS; HSP70; DROSOPHILA; MOSQUITO; CLONING; STRESS; LARVAE AB Temperature is important for mosquito development and physiological response. Several gene genes of heat shock protein (HSP) families are known to be expressed in mosquitoes and may be crucial ill responding to stress induced by elevated temperature. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify target transcripts to beat shock treatment ill female Aedes aegypti. Subtraction was performed ill both directions enriching, for cDNAs differentially expressed between it non-heat shock control and heat shock treatment. Heat shock treatment of female Ae. aegypti was carried out for I h at 42 degrees C. Clones from differentially expressed genes were evaluated by sequencing. Target transcripts up-regulated by heat shock included five different HSP gene families and 27 other genes, such its cytochrome o oxidase, serine-type endopeptidase, and glutamyl aminopeptidase. Additionally, some novel genes, cytoskeleton and ribosomal genes, were found to be differentially expressed, and three novel up-regulated sequences belonging to it low-abundance class of transcripts Were obtained. Up-regulated/down-regulated transcripts from heat shock treatment were further confirmed and quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). High temperatures can alter the gene expression of a vector mosquito population, and further characterization of these differentially expressed genes will provide information useful ill understanding the genetic response to heat shock treatment, which can be used to develop novel approaches to genetic control. C1 [Zhao, Liming; Pridgeon, Julia W.; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Zhao, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM liming.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 490 EP 495 DI 10.1603/033.046.0312 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 441XM UT WOS:000265803800012 PM 19496418 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Becnel, JJ Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Permethrin Induces Overexpression of Multiple Genes in Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE permethrin; fipronil; overexpression; genes Aedes aegypti ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; PYRETHROID-RESISTANT STRAIN; BLATTELLA-GERMANICA L.; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; DELTAMETHRIN-RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CELL LINES AB Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-select subtractive cDNA hybridization technique, 18 different genes were isolated from a permethrin-treated versus acetone-treated Aedes aegypti subtractive library. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) results showed that 8 of the 18 gene's transciptional levels ill permethrin-treated Ae. aegypti were at least two-fold higher (ranging from 2.6 +/- 0.5 to 4.8 +/- 0.22) than that ill acetone-treated Ae aegypti. These eight genes include three functionally known genes (cytochrome c oxidas subunit III, NADH2 dehydrogenase, deltamethrin resistance associated protein), three functionally unknown genes (Ae. aegypti putative 16.9-kDa secreted protein Anopheles gambiae ENSANGP00000019508, Cryptococcus neoformans hypothetical protein CNE05340), and two novel genes. Transcriptional levels for 11 of the IS genes were induced significantly higher by permethrin than by fipronil (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that subtractive cDNA hybridization and QPCR are powerful techniques to identify differentially, expressed genes it response to pesticide treatment. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 580 EP 587 DI 10.1603/033.046.0324 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 441XM UT WOS:000265803800024 PM 19496430 ER PT J AU Barr, NB Cook, A Elder, P Molongoski, J Prasher, D Robinson, DG AF Barr, N. B. Cook, A. Elder, P. Molongoski, J. Prasher, D. Robinson, D. G. TI Application of a DNA barcode using the 16S rRNA gene to diagnose pest Arion species in the USA SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL SLUG; PULMONATA; MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; SOFTWARE; TAXONOMY; EUROPE C1 [Barr, N. B.; Cook, A.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol,Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Elder, P.; Molongoski, J.; Prasher, D.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Robinson, D. G.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Dept Malacol,Acad Nat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19130 USA. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol,Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM norman.b.barr@aphis.usda.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 75 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyn047 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 434KT UT WOS:000265274300013 ER PT J AU Mattoso, LHC Medeiros, ES Baker, DA Avloni, J Wood, DF Orts, WJ AF Mattoso, L. H. C. Medeiros, E. S. Baker, D. A. Avloni, J. Wood, D. F. Orts, W. J. TI Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites Made from Cellulose Nanofibrils and Polyaniline SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposites; Conducting Polymers; Polyaniline; Cellulose Nanofibrils ID SELF-ASSEMBLED FILMS; AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; TASTE SENSOR; BLENDS; COMPOSITES; POLYMER; FIBERS; POLY(O-METHOXYANILINE); POLYPYRROLE; TIME AB Electrically conductive nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were successfully produced by in situ polymerization of aniline onto CNF, and studied by open circuit potential (Voc), four probe direct current (dc) electrical conductivity, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxydisulfate in hydrochloric acid aqueous solutions was realized by the addition of nanofibrils leading to an aqueous suspension of CNF coated with polyaniline (PANI). This procedure lead to stable, green suspensions of CNF coated with PANI in the emeraldine oxidation state as demonstrated by Voc and UV-Vis analyses. Electrically conductive films of this cellulose nanocomposite could be cast from aqueous solutions with conductivity close to the conducting polymer, yet with the potential for more useful flexible films. C1 [Mattoso, L. H. C.; Medeiros, E. S.] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Aplicada Ao Agronegocio, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Mattoso, L. H. C.; Medeiros, E. S.; Baker, D. A.; Wood, D. F.; Orts, W. J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Avloni, J.] Eeonyx Corp, Pinole, CA 94564 USA. RP Mattoso, LHC (reprint author), Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Aplicada Ao Agronegocio, Rua 15 Novembro,1452, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RI Medeiros, Eliton/C-5768-2013; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU ARS/USDA (USA); CNPq; FINEP; EMBRAPA-LABEX program (Brazil) FX The financial support given by ARS/USDA (USA), CNPq, FINEP and the EMBRAPA-LABEX program (Brazil) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2917 EP 2922 DI 10.1166/jnn.2009.dk24 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 433EJ UT WOS:000265186800017 PM 19452949 ER PT J AU Junyent, M Arnett, DK Tsai, MY Kabagambe, EK Straka, RJ Province, M An, P Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Shen, J Lee, YC Borecki, I Ordovas, JM AF Junyent, Mireia Arnett, Donna K. Tsai, Michael Y. Kabagambe, Edmond K. Straka, Robert J. Province, Michael An, Ping Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Shen, Jian Lee, Yu-Chi Borecki, Ingrid Ordovas, Jose M. TI Genetic Variants at the PDZ-Interacting Domain of the Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Interact with Diet to Influence the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Men and Women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; SR-BI; DISEASE; EXPRESSION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TRANSCRIPTION; TRIGLYCERIDE; ADIPONECTIN; VALIDATION AB The scaffolding protein PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1) regulates the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B type I. However, the effect of PDZK1 genetic variants on lipids and metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits,remains unknown. This study evaluated the association of 3 PDZK1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (i33968C > T, i15371G > A, and i19738C > T) with lipids and risk of MetS and their potential interactions with diet. PDZK1 SNP were genotyped in 1000 participants (481 men, 519 women) included in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study. Lipoprotein subfractions were measured by proton NMR spectroscopy and dietary intake was estimated using a validated questionnaire. The PDZK1_i33968C > T polymorphism was associated with MetS (P = 0.034), mainly driven by the association of the minor T allele with higher plasma triglycerides (P = 0.004) and VLDL (P = 0.021), and lower adiponectin concentrations (P = 0.022) than in participants homozygous for the major allele (C). We found a significant gene X BMI X diet interaction, in which the deleterious association of the i33968T allele with MetS was observed in obese participants with high PUFA and carbohydrate (P-values ranging from 0.004 to 0.020) intakes. Conversely, a there was a protective effect in nonobese participants with high PUFA intake (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that PDZK1_i33968C > T genetic variants may be associated with a higher risk of exhibiting MetS. This gene X BMI X diet interaction offers the potential to identify dietary and other lifestyle changes that may obviate the onset of MetS in individuals with a specific genetic background. J. Nutr. 139: 842-848, 2009. C1 [Junyent, Mireia; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Shen, Jian; Lee, Yu-Chi; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol Dept, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Province, Michael; Borecki, Ingrid] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [An, Ping] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [U 01 HL72524]; Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides [HL-54776, DK075030]; USDA Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [2007-1086] FX Supported by the NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant U 01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides, grants HL-54776 and DK075030, and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the USDA Research Service. M. J. is supported by a grant from the Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (reference 2007-1086). NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 139 IS 5 BP 842 EP 848 DI 10.3945/jn.108.101196 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436OU UT WOS:000265424500005 PM 19321583 ER PT J AU El-Kadi, SW Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR Sunny, NE Bequette, BJ AF El-Kadi, Samer W. Baldwin, Ransom L. McLeod, Kyle R. Sunny, Nishanth E. Bequette, Brian J. TI Glutamate Is the Major Anaplerotic Substrate in the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle of Isolated Rumen Epithelial and Duodenal Mucosal Cells from Beef Cattle SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY-INTAKE; FORAGE-CONCENTRATE RATIO; SMALL-INTESTINE; IN-VITRO; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; SPLANCHNIC TISSUES; RESPIRATORY FUELS; NITROGEN-BALANCE AB In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution of substrates to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle fluxes in rumen epithelial cells (REC) and duodenal mucosal cells (DMC) isolated from Angus bulls (n = 6) fed either a 75% forage (HF) of 75% concentrate (HC) diet. In separate incubations, [(13)C(6)]glucose, [(13)C(5)]glutamate, [(13)C(5)]glutamine, [(13)C(6)]leucine, or [(13)C(5)]valine were added in increasing concentrations to basal media containing SCFA and a complete mixture of amino acids. Lactate, pyruvate, and TCA cycle intermediates were analyzed by GC-MS followed by (13)C-mass isotopomer distribution analysis. Glucose metabolism accounted for 10-19% of lactate flux in REC from HF-fed bulls compared with 27-39% in REC from HC and in DMC from bulls fed both diets (P < 0.05). For both cell types, as concentration increased, an increasing proportion (3-63%) of alpha-ketoglutarate flux derived from glutamate, whereas glutamine contributed <3% (P < 0.05). Although leucine and valine were catabolized to their respective keto-acids, these were not further metabolized to TCA cycle intermediates. Glucose, glutamine, leucine, and valine catabolism by ruminant gastrointestinal tract cells has been previously demonstrated, but in this study, their catabolism via the TCA cycle was limited. Further, although glutamate's contribution to TCA cycle fluxes was considerable, it was apparent that other substrates available in the media also contributed to the maintenance of TCA fluxes. Lastly, the results suggest that diet composition alters glucose, glutamate, and leucine catabolism by the TCA cycle of REC and DMC. J. Nutr. 139: 869-875, 2009. C1 [El-Kadi, Samer W.; Sunny, Nishanth E.; Bequette, Brian J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Baldwin, Ransom L.] USDA ARS, Bovine Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McLeod, Kyle R.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Bequette, BJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bbequett@umd.edu FU Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station FX Supported by a Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station grant to B.J.B. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 139 IS 5 BP 869 EP 875 DI 10.3945/jn.108.103226 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436OU UT WOS:000265424500009 PM 19282370 ER PT J AU Ejaz, A Wu, DY Kwan, P Meydani, M AF Ejaz, Asma Wu, Dayong Kwan, Paul Meydani, Mohsen TI Curcumin Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Angiogenesis and Obesity in C57/BL Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GREEN TEA POLYPHENOL; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PPAR-GAMMA; LIVER; DIFFERENTIATION; INFLAMMATION; SYSTEM; SWITCH; CELLS; AMPK AB Angiogenesis is necessary for the growth of adipose tissue. Dietary polyphenols may suppress growth of adipose tissue through their antiangiogenic activity and by modulating adipocyte metabolism. We investigated the effect of curcumin, the major polyphenol in turmeric spice, on angiogenesis, adipogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis, and gene expression involved in lipid and energy metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocyte in cell culture systems and on body weight gain and adiposity in mice fed a high-fat diet (22%) supplemented with 500 mg curcumin/kg diet for 12 wk. Curcumin (5-20 mu mol/L) suppressed 3T3-L1 differentiation, caused apoptosis, and inhibited adipokine-induced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Supplementing the high-fat diet of mice with curcumin did not affect food intake but reduced body weight gain, adiposity, and microvessel density in adipose tissue, which coincided with reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2. Curcumin increased 5'AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, reduced glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase-1, and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 expression, which led to increased oxidation and decreased fatty acid esterification. The in vivo effect of curcumin on the expression of these enzymes was also confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In addition, curcumin significantly lowered serum cholesterol and expression of PPAR gamma and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, 2 key transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. The curcumin suppression of angiogenesis in adipose tissue together with its effect on lipid metabolism in adipocytes may contribute to lower body fat and body weight gain. Our findings suggest that dietary curcumin may have a potential benefit in preventing obesity. J. Nutr. 139: 919-925, 2009. C1 [Ejaz, Asma; Wu, Dayong; Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kwan, Paul] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu FU USDA [58-1950-7-707]; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan [4(27)-Split/DD] FX Supported by the USDA under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 and a scholarship grant from the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, 4(27)-Split/DD to A. E. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 27 TC 178 Z9 195 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 139 IS 5 BP 919 EP 925 DI 10.3945/jn.108.100966 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436OU UT WOS:000265424500016 PM 19297423 ER PT J AU Thacher, TD Aliu, O Griffin, IJ Pam, SD O'Brien, KO Imade, GE Abrams, SA AF Thacher, Tom D. Aliu, Oluseyi Griffin, Ian J. Pam, Sunday D. O'Brien, Kimberly O. Imade, Godwin E. Abrams, Steven A. TI Meals and Dephytinization Affect Calcium and Zinc Absorption in Nigerian Children with Rickets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL RICKETS; PHYTATE CONTENT; VITAMIN-D; IRON-ABSORPTION; TRACE-ELEMENT; PHYTIC ACID; MINERALIZATION; GROWTH; BIOAVAILABILITY; OSTEOMALACIA AB Nutritional rickets resulting from calcium insufficiency is common in Nigeria and high dietary phytate is thought to inhibit calcium and zinc absorption. We compared the effects of a high-phytate meal and enzymatic dephytinization on calcium and zinc absorption in Nigerian children with and without rickets. Nineteen children with rickets and 15 age-matched control children, aged 2-10 gamma, were given calcium (600 mg/d) and ergocalciferol (1250 mu g/wk). After 6 wk, calcium and zinc absorption were measured in both groups with and without maize porridge using stable isotopes. One week later, absorption measurements were repeated to assess the effects of enzymatic dephytinization and fermentation of the maize porridge. The phytate concentration of maize porridge (3.87 +/- 0.38 g/kg wet weight) was reduced by enzymatic dephytinization (2.83 +/- 0.41 g/kg; P < 0.001) but not by fermentation (3.35 +/- 0.27 g/kg; P = 0.08). Calcium and zinc absorption were unaffected by the presence of rickets or by fermentation of maize porridge. Calcium absorption was greater with a meal (61.3 +/- 25.1%) than without (27.8 +/- 14.6%; P < 0.001). Zinc absorption was lower with a meal (16.2 +/- 8.0%) than without (63.4 +/- 23.9%; P < 0.001). Enzymatic dephytinization increased relative zinc absorption from a meal by 101 +/- 81% (P < 0.001) but did not affect calcium absorption. Rickets was not associated with impaired calcium or zinc absorption. Calcium absorption was enhanced by maize porridge, but zinc absorption was reduced. Enzymatic dephytinization increased zinc absorption. Multiple strategies may be required to optimize calcium and zinc absorption in deficient populations. J. Nutr. 139: 926-932, 2009. C1 [Thacher, Tom D.] Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, Rochester, MN 55903 USA. [Aliu, Oluseyi; Griffin, Ian J.; Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Aliu, Oluseyi; Griffin, Ian J.; Abrams, Steven A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Pam, Sunday D.] Univ Jos, Teaching Hosp, Dept Paediat, Jos 930001, Nigeria. [O'Brien, Kimberly O.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Imade, Godwin E.] Univ Jos, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Jos 930001, Nigeria. RP Thacher, TD (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, Rochester, MN 55903 USA. EM thacher.thomas@mayo.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NIH [R03 TW006428] FX This study was funded by NIH Fogarty grant R03 TW006428. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 139 IS 5 BP 926 EP 932 DI 10.3945/jn.108.101030 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436OU UT WOS:000265424500017 PM 19321589 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Peerson, JM Olney, DK AF Allen, Lindsay H. Peerson, Janet M. Olney, Deanna K. TI Provision of Multiple Rather Than Two or Fewer Micronutrients More Effectively Improves Growth and Other Outcomes in Micronutrient-Deficient Children and Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; PRIMARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; SUPPLEMENTATION INCREASES; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; FORTIFIED BEVERAGE; MOTOR DEVELOPMENT; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Deficiencies of multiple micronutrients (MMN) usually coexist in developing countries, but supplements have usually provided only 1 or 2 micronutrients (MN). To inform policy, in this article we compared the relative benefits of supplying MMN vs. a placebo or 1 or 2 MN on the following: children's growth, health, and development; pregnancy outcome; nutritional status; and HIV/AIDS mortality and morbidity in adults. Sufficient data were available to perform random-effects meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) for the effects of MMN on child growth and nutritional status. Results for other outcomes are presented as effect sizes (ES) when available. In children, MMN interventions resulted in small but significantly greater improvements in length or height (ES = 0.13; 95% Cl: 0.055, 0.21) and weight (ES = 0.14; 95% Cl: 0.029, 0.25), hemoglobin (ES = 0.39; 95% Cl: 0.25, 0.53), serum zinc (ES = 0.23; 95% Cl: 0.18, 0.43), serum retinol (ES = 0.33;95% Cl:0.050, 0.61), and motor development. A Cochrane review reported that compared with no supplementation or a placebo, MMN supplementation during pregnancy reduced the relative risk of low birth weight (0.83), small-for-gestational age (0.92), and anemia (0.61); however, MMN were not more effective than iron + folic acid alone. There is some evidence that MMN supplementation improves CD4 counts and HIV-related morbidity and mortality in adults. The efficacy of MMN varies across trials, but overall there is evidence that outcomes are better than when providing <= 2 MN. The policy implications of these studies are discussed. J. Nutr. 139: 1022-1030, 2009. C1 [Allen, Lindsay H.; Olney, Deanna K.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Allen, Lindsay H.; Peerson, Janet M.] Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Academy for Educational Development [GHS-A-00-05-00012-00] FX Supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through A2Z: The USAID Micronutrient and Child Blindness Project managed by the Academy for Educational Development under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-05-00012-00. NR 63 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1022 EP 1030 DI 10.3945/jn.107.086199 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 436OU UT WOS:000265424500031 PM 19321586 ER PT J AU Peel, MD Asay, KH Waldron, BL Jensen, KB Robins, JG Mott, IW AF Peel, Michael D. Asay, Kay H. Waldron, Blair L. Jensen, Kevin B. Robins, Joseph G. Mott, Ivan W. TI 'Don', a Diploid Falcata Alfalfa for Western US Rangelands SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Don' (Reg. No. CV-205, PI 655519), a diploid falcata alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp falcata L.), was developed by the Forage and Range Research Laboratory in Logan, UT, in cooperation with the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University. Recent interest in falcata alfalfa has been high due to its value for increasing the productivity of rangelands. Don was selected for persistence under harsh conditions, uniform yellow flower color, increased seed production, and large-stature plants. Don traces to PI20725, an original collection made by N.E. Hansen in the Don Province of Russia. Don was tested as AU021. Don is significantly more persistent than typical sativa (M. sativa Subsp sativa L.)-type alfalfas and is meant for use in mixed plantings with grasses either in range or pasture situations typical of the Intermountain region of the western United States. In comparative trials, including irrigated and nonirrigated, where 25 to 50% mortality was observed on sativa alfalfas, Don showed no mortality. When used in mixtures, the production advantage of Don with tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub; syn. Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.] and meadow brome (Bromus riparius Rehm.) ranged from 10 to 32% When Don is grown with crested wheatgrass on dry rangelands, similar production advantages are expected, which will make rangelands more productive. Furthermore, when grown in mixtures with grasses, Don will not dominate; rather, it has a low growth habit and stays well below the canopy of most cool-season grasses. C1 [Peel, Michael D.; Waldron, Blair L.; Jensen, Kevin B.; Robins, Joseph G.; Mott, Ivan W.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Peel, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 695 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM Mike.Peel@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.10.0597crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800001 ER PT J AU Obert, DE Evans, CP Windes, JM Wesenberg, DM Ulrich, SE Budde, A Chen, X Jackson, EW AF Obert, D. E. Evans, C. P. Windes, J. M. Wesenberg, D. M. Ulrich, S. E. Budde, A. Chen, X. Jackson, E. W. TI Registration of 'Endeavor' Winter Barley SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Endeavor' (Reg. No. CV-341, PI 654824), a two-rowed winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), was developed and submitted for release in 2007 by the USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, in cooperation with the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Endeavor is a selection from the cross ORWM8406/'Harrington'. ORWM8406 has the pedigree 'Carstens'/'Riso' mutant 1508 (F(i))//'Cossack'. Riso mutant 1508 is an ethyleneimine-induced mutant of 'Bomi'. Progenitors of ORWM8406 are all European barleys. Harrington is a two-rowed spring malting barley released by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, and is the current western two-rowed malting industry standard. Endeavor was released because of its higher diastatic power compared with 'Charles', the most-advanced two-rowed winter malting barley adapted to Idaho. C1 [Obert, D. E.; Evans, C. P.; Wesenberg, D. M.; Jackson, E. W.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Windes, J. M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls Res & Ext Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Ulrich, S. E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Budde, A.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Chen, X.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Obert, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, 1691 South 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Don.Obert@ars.usda.gov FU Idaho Barley Commission; American Malting Barley Association FX Endeavor was developed with financial support from the Idaho Barley Commission and the American Malting Barley Association. The authors also wish to acknowledge the cooperation of Clark Kauffman for providing land and technical support for on-farm yield trials. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 124 EP 126 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.10.0618crc PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800003 ER PT J AU Burson, BL Venuto, BC Hussey, MA AF Burson, Byron L. Venuto, Brad C. Hussey, Mark A. TI Registration of 'Sabine' Dallisgrass SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID GRASSES; YIELD AB 'Sabine' dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) (Reg. No. CV-2, PI 655527) was released by the USDA-ARS, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, and Texas AgriLife Research on 2 Sept. 2008. Sabine is phenotypically and cytologically different from common dallisgrass because it is a different P. dilatatum biotype, called the Uruguayan biotype. Sabine is a single plant selection from an off-type plant that originated from the facultative apomictic accession PI 404826. It was selected because it usually produced more forage and was consistently more persistent under defoliation than common dallisgrass in multiyear forage evaluation plots in Louisiana and Texas. Its forage nutritive value is equivalent to that of common dallisgrass. Since common is the only dallisgrass biotype grown for forage throughout the southern United States, Sabine was released to provide livestock producers in the southeastern United States with a new, more productive, and more persistent dallisgrass option. C1 [Burson, Byron L.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Venuto, Brad C.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hussey, Mark A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Burson, BL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Byron.Burson@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.11.0648crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800005 ER PT J AU Edme, SJ Davidson, RW Gilbert, RA Comstock, JC Glynn, NC Glaz, B del Blanco, IA Miller, JD Tai, PYP AF Edme, Serge J. Davidson, R. Wayne Gilbert, Robert A. Comstock, Jack C. Glynn, Neil C. Glaz, Barry del Blanco, Isabel A. Miller, Jimmy D. Tai, Peter Y. P. TI Registration of 'CP 01-1372' Sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'CP 01-1372' (Reg. No. CV-136, PI 655942) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum slop.) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA-ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc., and was released to growers in Florida in December 2008. CP 01-1372 was selected from a cross of genotype CP 94-1200 x 'CP 89-2143' made at Canal Point, FL, in December 1998. The female parent, CP 94-1200, was advanced to the final selection stage (Stage 4) of the Canal Point sugarcane cultivar breeding and selection program. The male parent, CP 89-2143, is a major sugarcane cultivar in Florida. CP 01-1372 was released because of its high cane yield and commercial recoverable sucrose on both organic and sand soils, and its acceptable levels of resistance to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd.), orange rust [caused by P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler], leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson], Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (mosaic), and ratoon stunt (caused by Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli Davis et al.) in Florida. C1 [Edme, Serge J.; Comstock, Jack C.; Glynn, Neil C.; Glaz, Barry; del Blanco, Isabel A.; Miller, Jimmy D.; Tai, Peter Y. P.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Davidson, R. Wayne] Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [Gilbert, Robert A.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM Barry.Glaz@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.01.0046crc PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800009 ER PT J AU Milligan, SB Davidson, RW Edme, SJ Comstock, JC Hu, CJ Holder, DG Glaz, B Glynn, NC Gilbert, RA AF Milligan, Scott B. Davidson, R. Wayne Edme, Serge J. Comstock, Jack C. Hu, Chen-Jian Holder, David G. Glaz, Barry Glynn, Neil C. Gilbert, Robert A. TI Registration of 'CPCL 97-2730' Sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Research to develop 'CPCL 97-2730' (Reg. No. CV-137, PI 655943) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was initiated by the United States Sugar Corporation (USSC) and completed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. CPCL 97-2730 was released to growers in Florida in December 2008. CPCL 97-2730 was selected from a cross of USSC proprietary genotypes CL 75-0853 x CL 88-4730 made at Clewiston, FL, in December 1996. The female parent, CL 75-0853, had high commercial recoverable sucrose (CRS) but because of low cane yields was not used extensively by USSC. The male parent, CL 88-4730, is a high-yielding genotype that USSC is evaluating in commercial fields with sand and muck soils for possible extended use. CPCL 97-2730 was released because of its acceptable yields of cane and CRS on sand soils and its resistance to smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea Syd. & P. Syd.), brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd.), orange rust [caused by P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler], leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson], and sugarcane mosaic virus strain E. C1 [Milligan, Scott B.; Edme, Serge J.; Comstock, Jack C.; Glaz, Barry; Glynn, Neil C.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Davidson, R. Wayne] Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [Hu, Chen-Jian; Holder, David G.] US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [Gilbert, Robert A.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM Barry.Glaz@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.01.0047crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800010 ER PT J AU Mergoum, M Frohberg, RC Rasmussen, JW Friesen, TL Hareland, G Simsek, S AF Mergoum, Mohamed Frohberg, Richard C. Rasmussen, Jack W. Friesen, Timothy L. Hareland, Gary Simsek, Senay TI Breeding for CLEARFIELD Herbicide Tolerance: Registration of 'ND901CL' Spring Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; RESISTANCE AB 'ND901CL' (Reg. No. CV-1029, PI 655233) hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES). ND901CL was released in 2008 primarily for its tolerance to imadazolinone herbicides. It has superior adaptation to rainfed wheat production in western regions of North Dakota and counties in adjacent states. It is a CLEARFIELD-tolerant wheat intended to be used with Beyond herbicide (active ingredient imazamox, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC). The tolerance to CLEARFIELD herbicide in ND901CL is controlled by two genes. The als1 locus for acetolactate synthase, is located on the D genome and was transferred from 'FS4' wheat. The als2 locus is located on the B genome and originated from 'Teal 11A' wheat. ND901CL was derived from the Teal 11A/3/'Grandin' (PI 531005)/FS4//*3'Kulm' cross made at NDSU in 2002. Grandin and Kulm are two HRSW cultivars released by NDAES in 1989 and 1994, respectively. Both FS4 and Teal 11A were provided by the BASF Corporation to our breeding program. ND901CL was produced from a bulk of one purified F(4:5) plot selected in 2004 at Christchurch, New Zealand. ND901CL was released because it combines high yield with good end-use quality and tolerance to BEYOND herbicide. C1 [Mergoum, Mohamed; Frohberg, Richard C.; Simsek, Senay] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Rasmussen, Jack W.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Friesen, Timothy L.; Hareland, Gary] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND USA. RP Mergoum, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, POB 5051, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mohamed.mergoum@ndsu.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 FU BASF Corporation FX Financial support from BASF Corporation to incorporate CLEARFIELD tolerance into NDSU HRSW germplasm is gratefully appreciated. The authors thank J. Underdahl, J. Halley, M. Abdallah, and all the colleagues at the NDSU Research and Extension Centers for their help in conducting trials and nurseries to evaluate ND901CL. The authors also acknowledge the quality group including T. Olson, K. McMonagle, Rachel Olson, Amal Mergourn, and B. Hinz for quality analysis. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.08.0489crc PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800012 ER PT J AU Anderson, JA Linkert, GL Busch, RH Wiersma, JJ Kolmer, JA Jin, Y Dill-Macky, R Wiersma, JV Hareland, GA McVey, DV AF Anderson, J. A. Linkert, G. L. Busch, R. H. Wiersma, J. J. Kolmer, J. A. Jin, Y. Dill-Macky, R. Wiersma, J. V. Hareland, G. A. McVey, D. V. TI Registration of 'RB07' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID MARKERS AB 'RB07' (Reg. No. CV-1028, PI 652930) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2007. RB07 was tested as MN99436-6 in statewide yield trials from 2003 to 2006 and in the Uniform Hard Red Spring Wheat Regional Nursery in 2003 and 2004. RB07 was released based on its high and consistent grain yield, earliness, disease resistance and good grain end-use quality. It is well adapted to hard red spring wheat-growing regions in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. C1 [Anderson, J. A.; Linkert, G. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Busch, R. H.; Kolmer, J. A.; Jin, Y.; McVey, D. V.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wiersma, J. J.; Wiersma, J. V.] Univ Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. [Dill-Macky, R.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hareland, G. A.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.08.0478crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800013 ER PT J AU Haley, SD Johnson, JJ Westra, PH Peairs, FB Stromberger, JA Heaton, EE Seifert, SA Kottke, RA Rudolph, JB Bai, GH Bowden, RL Chen, MS Chen, XM Jin, Y Kolmer, JA Seabourn, BW AF Haley, Scott D. Johnson, Jerry J. Westra, Phillip H. Peairs, Frank B. Stromberger, John A. Heaton, Emily E. Seifert, Scott A. Kottke, Rebecca A. Rudolph, Jeff B. Bai, Guihua Bowden, Robert L. Chen, Ming-Shun Chen, Xianming Jin, Yue Kolmer, James A. Seabourn, Bradford W. TI Registration of 'Thunder CL' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Thunder CU (Reg. No. CV-1031, PI 655528) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2008 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University (CSU), USDA-ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA, participated in the development of Thunder CL. Thunder CL was selected from the cross KS01-5539/CO99WI65 made in 2000 at Fort Collins, CO. KS01-5539 is an unreleased experimental line from Kansas State University with the pedigree FS2/KS97HW150//KS97HW349, and CO99W165 is an unreleased experimental line from CSU with the pedigree KS92WGRC25/'Halt'. Thunder CL was derived from a population advanced from the F(2) to F(1) by single-seed descent. Thunder CL was selected as an F(4:5) line in September 2003 and assigned experimental line number CO03W239. Thunder CL was released because of its superior grain yield under nonirrigated and irrigated production conditions in eastern Colorado, it carries the Als1 gene for tolerance to imazamox herbicide, it is moderately resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus, stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici), and stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici), and it has superior milling and bread baking quality. C1 [Haley, Scott D.; Johnson, Jerry J.; Stromberger, John A.; Heaton, Emily E.; Seifert, Scott A.; Kottke, Rebecca A.] Colorado State Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Westra, Phillip H.; Peairs, Frank B.; Rudolph, Jeff B.] Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bai, Guihua; Bowden, Robert L.; Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Jin, Yue; Kolmer, James A.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scott.haley@colostate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station; Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee; Colorado Wheat Research Foundation FX Thunder CL was developed with financial support from Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Projects 795 and 646, the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee, and the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.12.0727crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800014 ER PT J AU Cash, SD Bruckner, PL Wichman, DM Kephart, KD Berg, JE Hybner, R Hafla, AN Surber, LMM Boss, DL Carlson, GR Eckhoff, JL Stougaard, RN Kushnak, GD Riveland, NR AF Cash, S. D. Bruckner, P. L. Wichman, D. M. Kephart, K. D. Berg, J. E. Hybner, R. Hafla, A. N. Surber, L. M. M. Boss, D. L. Carlson, G. R. Eckhoff, J. L. Stougaard, R. N. Kushnak, G. D. Riveland, N. R. TI Registration of 'Willow Creek' Forage Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Willow Creek'forage winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg, No. CV-1032, PI 655073) was released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Awnletted cereal forages are widely used for hay production on integrated crop-livestock operations in the Northern Great Plains. Five awnletted winter wheat accessions were evaluated for forage characteristics in 1996 and 1997, and Willow Creek was selected directly from PI 306505. Willow Creek was evaluated in replicated trials for forage yield and quality, grain yield, and agronomic characteristics from 1998 through 2008. Willow Creek is an awnletted winter wheat cultivar with good performance as an annual hay crop under irrigated or rainfed conditions in Montana and Wyoming. This cultivar has excellent winterhardiness and is tall and late-maturing. Willow Creek has good forage quality characteristics suitable for use by livestock in winter maintenance diets. C1 [Cash, S. D.; Hafla, A. N.; Surber, L. M. M.] Montana State Univ, Anim & Range Sci Dep, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bruckner, P. L.; Berg, J. E.] Montana State Univ, Plant Sci & Plant Pathol Dep, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Wichman, D. M.] Cent Agr Res Ctr, Moccasin, MT 59462 USA. [Kephart, K. D.] So Agr Res Ctr, Huntley, MT 59037 USA. [Hybner, R.] Univ Wyoming, Res & Extens Ctr, Sheridan, WY USA. [Hybner, R.] NRCS, USDA, Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. [Boss, D. L.; Carlson, G. R.] No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. [Eckhoff, J. L.] Eastern Agr Res Ctr, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Stougaard, R. N.] NW Agr Res Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Kushnak, G. D.] Western Triangle Res Ctr, Conrad, MT 59425 USA. [Riveland, N. R.] Williston Res Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. RP Cash, SD (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Anim & Range Sci Dep, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM dcash@montana.edu FU USDA-CSREES Western SARE; USDA-CSREES Four-State Ruminant Consortium; Montana Wheat and Barley Committee FX Development and release of Willow Creek forage wheat were partially supported by funds provided by USDA-CSREES Western SARE, USDA-CSREES Four-State Ruminant Consortium and the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.12.0715crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800015 ER PT J AU Ulloa, M Percy, R Zhang, JF Hutmacher, RB Wright, SD Davis, RM AF Ulloa, M. Percy, R. Zhang, Jinfa Hutmacher, R. B. Wright, S. D. Davis, R. M. TI Registration of Four Pima Cotton Germplasm Lines Having Good Levels of Fusarium Wilt Race 4 Resistance with Moderate Yields and Good Fibers SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Four Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) germplasm lines, SJ-07P-FR01 (Reg. No. GP-910, PI 654065), SJ-07P-FRO2 (Reg. No. GP-911, PI 654066), SJ-07P-FR03 (Reg. No. GP-912, PI 654067), and SJ-07P-FR04 (Reg. No. GP-913, PI 654068), were developed by the USDA-ARS and New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station and jointly released with the University of California in 2008. The primary purpose for these releases is to provide germplasm with good levels of resistance to Fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Atk. Sny & Hans] (FOV) race 4 to cotton breeders in California. Lines SJ-07P-FR01 to -FR03 originated from a cross made at New Mexico State University in 1997 of germplasm lines 8810 and NMSI 1601. The germplasm line SJ-07P-FR04 originated from reselection within the publicly released USDA-ARS germplasm line P 73. The lines were evaluated for resistance to race 4 in two field and three greenhouse trials conducted in 2003 and 2005. Five replicated field evaluations for yield potential, fiber characteristics, and other agronomic traits were conducted at Five Points, CA, Shafter, CA, and Maricopa, AZ, in 2005 and 2006. The SJ-07P-FR series possesses good resistance, moderate lint yield potential, and good to superior fiber length and strength. Caution should be applied when using these lines, and it should not be assumed that the lines provide complete resistance against FOV race 4. C1 [Ulloa, M.] USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Percy, R.] USDA ARS, SPARC, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Hutmacher, R. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Sci, Shafter Res & Extens Ctr, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Wright, S. D.] Univ Calif, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. [Davis, R. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ulloa, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM Mauricio.Ulloa@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Foundation; Supima Association FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Roy Cantrell (New Mexico State University) for providing the original (F,.,) seed from which SJ-07P-FRO1 to FR03 originated. The assistance of University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisors (Dan Munk, Fresno County; Brian Marsh, Kern County; Ron Vargas, Madera and Merced counties), Bruce Roberts (California State University, Fresno), IPM Regional Advisor Peter Goodell (University of California Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier), and Michael McGuire (WICSRU, Shafter) is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks for field and greenhouse project support provided by Monica Biggs, Mark Keeley, Gerardo Banuelos, John Soares, Raul Delgado, Sarah Hutmacher, Anna Brown, Stan Bergen, Brian Neufeld, and James Frelichowski, from University of California County Cooperative Extension and Research and Extension Centers, and USDA-ARS, WICSRU. Access to field sites was possible with the permission and assistance of growers. Use of the greenhouse facilities of the University of California at the Kearney Research and Extension Center (Parlier, CA) and the assistance of Fred Swanson and Laura van der Staay of that center are gratefully acknowledged. Use of farm equipment and help of staff from the University of California Shafter Research and Extension Center are also gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the Cotton Foundation and the Supima Association for partial support of this study. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or enclorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the University of California, or New Mexico State University. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.09.0530crg PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AE UT WOS:000268932800017 ER PT J AU Mishra, A El-Osta, H Gillespie, JM AF Mishra, Ashok El-Osta, Hisham Gillespie, Jeffrey M. TI Effect of agricultural policy on regional income inequality among farm households SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article DE Income inequality; Off-farm income; Government farm program payments; Adjusted Gini coefficient; Farm resource regions ID COMPONENTS AB Policymakers are underconstant pressure to alleviate financial stress, mainly associated with farm business income. on farm households through government farm program payments. The 1996 FAIR Act signaled the end of these payments and Congress decided that agricultural policy should be more market oriented. Using the Gini coefficient concept and a large farm-level dataset, this study investigates the impact of government payments on income inequality among farm households in nine farming resource regions of the U.S. Results indicate that distribution of income among farm households in the Fruitful Rim region was above the level of dispersion for all U.S. farm households; however, income inequality in the Heartland region was below the level of dispersion for all U.S. farm households. Finally, income from government farm programs helped reduce total income inequality in the Heartland and Northern Great Plains regions, while income from off farm wages and/or salaries played an important role in reducing total income inequality in Basin and Range and Fruitful Rim regions of the U.S. farm sector. (C) 2009 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishra, Ashok; Gillespie, Jeffrey M.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [El-Osta, Hisham] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Mishra, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, 226 Ag Adm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM amishra@lsu.edu; helsota@ers.usda.gov; jmgille@lsu.edu OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 325 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2008.12.007 PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 446MO UT WOS:000266125900002 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Wiener, JD AF Schneider, Jeanne M. Wiener, John D. TI Progress toward filling the weather and climate forecast need of agricultural and natural resource management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL FORECASTS; DEPENDABILITY; PRIORITIES; COMMUNITY C1 [Schneider, Jeanne M.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Wiener, John D.] Univ Colorado, Environm & Soc Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 64 IS 3 BP 100A EP 106A DI 10.2489/jswc.64.3.100A PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 459VC UT WOS:000267138100004 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL McMullen, LD Jones, CS AF Hatfield, J. L. McMullen, L. D. Jones, C. S. TI Nitrate-nitrogen patterns in the Raccoon River Basin related to agricultural practices SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE cropping practices; farming practices; nitrogen management; water balance; water quality; watershed ID DES-MOINES RIVER; COVER CROP; TILE DRAINAGE; LAND-USE; WATERSHEDS; BASEFLOW; IOWA; STREAMFLOW; ALFALFA; LOSSES AB Nitrate-N concentrations in the Raccoon River have increased beginning in the early 1970s. Since thus river is the predominant water supply for the City of Des Moines in Iowa, there is concern about the potential long-term impacts of these trends. Improvements in water quality from agricultural watersheds are critical to protect the water supply, and understanding the factors affecting water quality will lead to potential changes in agricultural management to improve water quality. The historical database of nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) concentrations sampled at the Des Moines Water Works were combined with observations oil N fertilizer use, animal production, crop yields, land-use changes, and precipitation patterns to evaluate these interrelationships. Mean annual NO(3)-N concentrations in the Raccoon River watershed have been increasing since 1970 in spite of no significant change in N fertilizer use for the past 15 years. There have been three years with maximum NO(3)-N concentrations above 18 mg L(-1). However, these spikes occurred throughout the past 30 years and are not isolated to the last 10 years of record. Nitrate-N loads from the Raccoon River watershed have shown a slight decrease in the past ten years because of the increased crop yields and increased removal of N in the corn (lea mays L.) and soybean (Gylcine max [L.] Merr.) grains. Production numbers for cattle have decreased by 63% since the early 1980s, while hogs have shown a 20% decrease over the same time period. Therefore, N available for application into the basin has decreased by 25%. Annual variations in NO(3)-N loads are signifcantly related to precipitation in the first five months of the year. A significant correlation was found between the land area within the watershed cropped to small grains and hay crops and the increase of NO(3)-N since 1970 (r = -0.76). This relationship was caused by alteration in the seasonal water-use patterns and loss of N during the fall or early spring in the water movement in contrast to corn or soybean, which have a limited N uptake pattern concentrated between June and early September. Changes in the water-use patterns caused by shifts in cropping patterns provide an explanation for the positive correlation between precipitation and flow during the early part of the year. Development of agricultural management practices that can potentially affect water quality will have to be more inclusive of all components in agricultural systems, rather than only changing fertilizer rate or timing. C1 [Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McMullen, L. D.; Jones, C. S.] Des Moines Water Works, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 64 IS 3 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.3.190 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 459VC UT WOS:000267138100007 ER PT J AU Sonmez, O Pierzynski, GM Frees, L Davis, B Leikam, D Sweeney, DW Janssen, KA AF Sonmez, O. Pierzynski, G. M. Frees, L. Davis, B. Leikam, D. Sweeney, D. W. Janssen, K. A. TI A field-based assessment tool for phosphorus losses in runoff in Kansas SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; index; P losses; P runoff; soil test P; water quality ID SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; WATER-QUALITY; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; MANURE PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; INDEX; RELEASE; SITES; STRATEGIES AB Nonpoint P sources from the agricultural landscape are a significant environmental problem for surface water bodies because of the promotion of eutrophication. Many states have developed P assessment tools to help differentiate land uses and their potential for P losses to surface water. Kansas has developed such a P index (PI), and the purposes of this paper are to report on the calibration of that index against data collected from four runoff studies and to explore the modification of the PI as a means to improve the predictive capability of the PI. The PI includes soil test P, rate and application method for P from fertilizers and manure, soil erosion, runoff class, distance froth surface water bodies, and irrigation erosion as inputs. As originally proposed, the PI was well correlated with soluble P (r = 0.93) and bioavailable P (r = 0.94) losses but was less correlated with total P (r = 0.79). By modification of the PI, the r values improved to 0.97 for bioavailable P, 0.95 for soluble P, and 0.89 for total P Of the 90 plots at four different sites, plots from Neosho and Franklin-1 and Franklin-2 sites were ranked as having very low and low vulnerability to P loss (82%) whereas plots in the Riley County site were ranked as high and very high vulnerability to P loss (18%) due to manure-applications. Therefore, for only the Riley site, P management strategies need to be modified to reduce P losses. Moreover, additional P applications are not warranted for this site. Using soil test P as a single factor to predict P losses in runoff for our sites produced results similar to using the modified PI. C1 [Sonmez, O.] Harran Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Sanliurfa, Turkey. [Pierzynski, G. M.; Janssen, K. A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Frees, L.; Davis, B.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Salina, KS USA. [Leikam, D.] Fluid Fertilizer Fdn, Manhattan, KS USA. [Sweeney, D. W.] Kansas State Univ, SE Agr Expt Stn, Parsons, KS USA. RP Sonmez, O (reprint author), Harran Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Sanliurfa, Turkey. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 64 IS 3 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.3.212 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 459VC UT WOS:000267138100009 ER PT J AU Paarlberg, PL Seitzinger, AH Lee, JG Mathews, KH AF Paarlberg, Philip L. Seitzinger, Ann Hillber Lee, John G. Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr. TI Supply reductions, export restrictions, and expectations for hog returns in a potential classical swine fever outbreak in the United States SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE swine; classical swine fever; economic impacts; pork; trade ID SCALE ECONOMIES; DEMAND SYSTEMS; CONSOLIDATION; SLAUGHTER; TRADE; MODEL; MEAT AB An economic model of-pork, swine, and related markers examines effects of hypothetical classical swine fever (CSF) outbreaks in the United States. Equations determine deviations in endogenous variables front observed supply and demand values. The analysis assumes 11 million US hogs arc destroyed. Live swine and pork exports arc stopped during, the outbreak, with full recovery. Pork demand by US consumers is assumed to fall by 1% during the outbreaks, with a gradual recovery. Hog oil the basis of current market conditions. One potential CSF outbreak reflects losses in the hog population skewed towards grower and finisher swine, while another outbreak has stronger effects oil breeding inventory and the pig crop. The largest effects occur ill pork and swine. Effects on other sectors are small. Over 20 quarters, the pork industry returns lose $4 billion. Losses for hogs, including the value of animals destroyed, range from $2.6 billion to $4.1 billion. An assumption of unchanged compared to that when expectations adjust Unchanged expectations alter the pattern of slaughter and prices because breeding inventory falls less, thus more hogs are available For sale after Quarter 7. C1 [Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Seitzinger, Ann Hillber] USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Paarlberg, PL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, 403 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM paarlbep@purdue.edu FU Economic Research Service; US Department of Agriculture FX This research was funded as a cooperative with the Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, under the Program of Research of the Economics of Invasive Species Management. The authors are grateful to Missy Schoenbaum for technical support In the development of the computer model. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1537-209X J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 17 IS 3 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 438IC UT WOS:000265548100009 ER PT J AU Spears, KE Kim, H Behall, KM Conway, JM AF Spears, Karen E. Kim, Hyunsook Behall, Kay M. Conway, Joan M. TI Hand-Held Indirect Calorimeter Offers Advantages Compared with Prediction Equations, in a Group of Overweight Women, to Determine Resting Energy Expenditures and Estimated Total Energy Expenditures during Research Screening SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-RATE MEASUREMENTS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; CROSS-VALIDATION; BASAL-METABOLISM; HARRIS-BENEDICT; FEEDING TRIAL; OBESE WOMEN; DEVICE; POPULATION; CHILDREN AB Objective To compare standardized prediction equations to a hand-held indirect calorimeter in estimating resting energy and total energy requirements in overweight women. Design Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by hand-held indirect calorimeter and calculated by prediction equations Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor, World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University (WHO), and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Physical activity level, assessed by questionnaire, was used to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE). Subjects Subjects (n=39) were female nonsmokers older than 25 years of age with body mass index more than 25. Statistical analyses Repeated measures analysis of variance, Bland-Altman plot, and fitted regression line of difference. A difference within +/-10% of two methods indicated agreement. Results Significant proportional bias was present between hand-held indirect calorimeter and prediction equations for REE and TEE (P<0.01); prediction equations overestimated at lower values and underestimated at higher values. Mean differences (+/-standard error) for REE and TEE between hand-held indirect calorimeter and Harris-Benedict were -5.98+/-46.7 kcal/day (P=0.90) and 21.40+/-75.7 kcal/day (P=0.78); between hand-held indirect calorimeter and Mifflin-St Jeor were 69.93+/-46.7 kcal/day (P=0.14) and 116.44+/-75.9 kcal/day (P=0.13); between hand-held indirect calorimeter and WHO were -22.03+/-48.4 kcal/day (P=0.65) and -15.8+/-77.9 kcal/day (P=0.84); and between hand-held indirect calorimeter and DRI were 39.65+/-47.4 kcal/day (P=0.41) and 56.36+/-85.5 kcal/day (P=0.51). Less than 50% of predictive equation values were within +/-10% of hand-held indirect calorimeter values, indicating poor agreement. Conclusions A significant discrepancy between predicted and measured energy expenditure was observed. Further evaluation of hand-held indirect calorimeter research screening is needed. C1 [Spears, Karen E.] Univ Nevada, Coll Agr Biotechnol & Nat Resources, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kim, Hyunsook] Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. [Spears, Karen E.; Kim, Hyunsook; Behall, Kay M.; Conway, Joan M.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Spears, KE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Coll Agr Biotechnol & Nat Resources, 1664 N Virginia St,Mail Stop 142, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kspears@cabnr.unr.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 109 IS 5 BP 836 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2009.02.016 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 438LQ UT WOS:000265557300020 PM 19394470 ER PT J AU Murphy, SP Martin, CL Davison, N Cheung, LWK Au, DL Novotny, R AF Murphy, Suzanne P. Martin, Carrie L. Davison, Nicola Cheung, Leo Wang-Kit Au, Donna Lyn Novotny, Rachel TI A Comparison of Two Systems for Entering and Assessing Dietary Data for a Research Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB To reduce the cost of analyzing dietary data for research studies, we evaluated the accuracy of an entry and assessment system that could be used by trained food and nutrition professionals who did not routinely perform this type of task. We compared intakes from 24-hour recalls for 175 adult women and 185 schoolchildren using two methods for entry of dietary data. For the standard method, registered dietitians who routinely evaluate dietary data entered the recalls using a professional data entry program, RapidCalc. For the second method, other food and nutrition professionals were trained by the registered dietitians to use the Pacific Tracker program, a consumer-friendly dietary assessment system. Both programs use the same food composition table. Mean food group and nutrient intakes were similar for the two methods, differing by <10% on average for both adults and children. Correlations were also high, ranging from 0.77 to 0.96 for the women and from 0.76 to 0.94 for the children. For adults and children combined, mean energy intakes were remarkably close, at 2,067 kcal/d for RapidCalc and 2,072 kcal/d for Pacific Tracker, although absolute differences in energy intakes were >300 kcal/d for 23% of the women and 30% of the children. Costs are much lower with the Pacific Tracker method, unless the fees for the standard method are subsidized. We conclude that the Pacific Tracker method provides an accurate and cost-effective method of dietary data entry for research purposes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:905-908. C1 [Murphy, Suzanne P.; Martin, Carrie L.; Au, Donna Lyn] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Martin, Carrie L.] USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Davison, Nicola; Novotny, Rachel] Univ Hawaii, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Cheung, Leo Wang-Kit] Loyola Univ Chicago, Dept Prevent Med & Epidemiol, Stritch Sch Med, Loyola Univ Med Ctr, Maywood, IL USA. RP Murphy, SP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala St,Suite 407, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM suzanne@crch.hawaii.edu FU US Department, of Agriculture Integrated National Research Initiative [2004-35215-14252] FX This study was supported by US Department, of Agriculture Integrated National Research Initiative grant 2004-35215-14252. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 109 IS 5 BP 905 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2009.02.007 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 438LQ UT WOS:000265557300029 PM 19394479 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Aldema-Ramos, M Latona, NP Latona, RJ AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Aldema-Ramos, Mila Latona, Nicholas P. Latona, Renee J. TI LEATHER COATED WITH MIXTURES OF HUMECTANT AND ANTIOXIDANTS TO IMPROVE ULTRAVIOLET AND HEAT RESISTANCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHROME-FREE LEATHER; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; COLLAGEN MATERIAL; GLUTARALDEHYDE; COATINGS AB Ultraviolet (UV) and heat resistance are very important qualities for leather products. We recently developed an environmentally friendly finishing process for improving the UV- and heat resistance of chrome-free leather. We previously reported and demonstrated some promising results from coating tocopherol, a natural antioxidant, onto the grain layer of leather. Tocopherol (Vitamin E) is a potent free radical scavenger and highly protective a agent for collagen fibers against UV damage. This antioxidant has improved the UV- and heat resistance of the leather product. To help prevent over-drying, glycerol, a humectant, is added to tocopherol to not only maintain proper moisture content, but also to improve the UV and heat resistance of leather. The mixture of glycerol and tocopherol is applied as an emulsion with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as ail emulsifying agent, and coated oil the grain layer of leather. Following exposure in a Fade-Ometer, the treated samples were evaluated by colorimetry and mechanical testing for the efficacy of UV- and heat resistance. Data showed that leather coated with glycerol/tocopherol exhibited significant improvement in color fading resistance against UV radiation and heat. C1 [Liu, Cheng-Kung; Aldema-Ramos, Mila; Latona, Nicholas P.; Latona, Renee J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 104 IS 5 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 442SU UT WOS:000265861700001 ER PT J AU Balada, EH Marmer, WN Cooke, PH Phillips, JG AF Balada, Eduard Hernandez Marmer, William N. Cooke, Peter H. Phillips, John G. TI EVALUATION OF DEGREASERS AS BRINE CURING ADDITIVES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The length of time needed for brine curing of raw hides and skins, a minimum of 18 h, is a time-consuming process. In this paper we initially report the results of an investigation of the stratigraphic distribution of sodium chloride and water in fleshed hides cured for varying intervals of time. We demonstrated that salt entered the hide mainly from the flesh side. Water, on the other hand, was withdrawn from both sides of the hide; the epidermis acted as a semipermeable membrane. Three commercial degreasers as well as a glycolipid surfactant (sophorolipid) were tested as brine curing additives and their efficiency evaluated according to the moisture, salt, salt saturation and fat content levels in the brine-cured hide. One of the commercial degreasers, when used at 0.5% w/w, significantly removed fat from the hide as well as enhanced the uptake of salt. The sophorolipid also was an effective degreasing agent, decreasing the fat content of the brine-cured hide and, if used in excess, significantly increasing the uptake of salt. The data presented here confirmed that the usage of an appropriate degreasing agent in the brine is a suitable option for reducing the turn-around times in raceways and thus creating additional curing capacity. C1 [Balada, Eduard Hernandez; Marmer, William N.; Cooke, Peter H.; Phillips, John G.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM William.Marmer@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 104 IS 5 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 442SU UT WOS:000265861700002 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Dickey, LC Johnston, DB Hicks, KB AF Moreau, Robert A. Dickey, Leland C. Johnston, David B. Hicks, Kevin B. TI A Process for the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Corn Oil from Dry Milled Corn Germ and Enzymatic Wet Milled Corn Germ (E-Germ) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Corn; Zea mays; Oil; Enzymes; Extraction ID RAPESEED OIL; FRACTIONS AB A bench-scale aqueous enzymatic method was developed to extract corn oil from corn germ from either a commercial corn dry mill or corn germ from a newly-developed experimental enzymatic wet milling process (E-Germ). With both types of germs, no oil was extracted when acidic cellulase was the only enzyme used. Pre-treating dry milled corn germ by heating it in boiling water or microwave pretreatment, followed by enzymatic extraction with the acidic cellulase resulted in oil yields of about 43% and 57%, respectively. A two-step process, combining both acidic cellulase and alkaline protease treatments, with no heat pretreatment, achieved oil yields of 50-65% from dry milled corn germ and 80-90% from E-Germ. C1 [Moreau, Robert A.; Dickey, Leland C.; Johnston, David B.; Hicks, Kevin B.] USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1363-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 442FH UT WOS:000265825300009 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM AF Glenn, David M. TI Particle Film Mechanisms of Action That Reduce the Effect of Environmental Stress in 'Empire' Apple SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE kaolin; Surround; whole canopy gas exchange; vapor pressure deficit; fruit; photosynthetically active radiation; Malus xdomestica ID FRUIT-QUALITY; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; SOLAR INJURY; HEAT-STRESS; SUNBURN; YIELD; TREES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE AB Heat stress is a limiting factor of plant productivity throughout the world and kaolin-based particle films (PF) have demonstrated that the reflective nature of the resulting plant surface can increase plant productivity primarily by reducing temperature in fruit, leaf, and canopy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental mechanisms and related physiological responses of 'Empire' apple (Malus xdomestica) gas exchange at the canopy level to PF treatments to identify those parameters key to plant response and increased plant productivity. Trees received either no treatment or season-long applications of a PF treatment and each treatment either received no supplemental irrigation or full replacement of evapotranspiration. Studies were begun in 1998 and continued to 2007. Fruit number and fruit weight were measured in all years. Whole canopy carbon dioxide assimilation rates (A) were measured in apple for a 4-year period to determine the relationship with incoming light and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) levels. The photosynthetic response to the irrigation and PF treatments varied between years as a result of environmental variation in VPD and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels. There was a unique treatment response for PAR levels greater than 1600 mu mol.m(-2).s(-1) in which the combination of PF and irrigation maintained midday A at maximum levels compared with other treatments although A was reduced by increasing VPD. This response indicated that although VPD limited A, the combination of PF and adequate water could maintain maximum A rates at full sun levels during the midday period and minimize the midday depression of A that is commonly observed and reduces the daily carbon accumulation. The increased carbon accumulation during the midday period was likely partitioned to the fruit. Increased fruit weight resulting from the PF treatment, compared with the control, was positively correlated with the growing season air temperature and VPD indicating that as the environment becomes hotter and/or drier, the magnitude of the PF response increased as a result of the reduced leaf and fruit temperature and the subsequent physiological effect. The PF treatments reduced radiation and heat load on exposed leaves enabling them to better regulate leaf temperature and improved the light distribution inside the canopy resulting in increased carbon gain at the whole plant scale. Fruit hue angle was reduced and red color improved by PF treatments in 5 of 10 years. The use of PF may be an effective substitute for evaporative cooling to reduce solar injury and to improve apple quality through increased fruit weight. The results indicate that benefits of PF treatments would occur in agroecosystems with large VPDs and high temperatures and that use of irrigation would further enhance the benefits at high PAR levels. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.glenn@ars.usda.gov FU Engelhard Corporation FX Received for publication 2 Feb. 2009. Accepted for publication 23 Mar. 2009. I thank the Engelhard Corporation for their partial financial support of this research. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 134 IS 3 BP 314 EP 321 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WT UT WOS:000279015600003 ER PT J AU Liu, XA Grieve, C AF Liu, Xuan Grieve, Catherine TI Accumulation of Chiro-inositol and Other Non-structural Carbohydrates in Limonium Species in Response to Saline Irrigation Waters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fructose; glucose; Limonium perezii; Limonium sinuatum; myo-inositol; phloem transportation; starch; statice; sucrose ID COMPATIBLE SOLUTES; SALT STRESS; PINITOL; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; MYOINOSITOL; LATIFOLIUM; HALOPHYTES; RESISTANCE; SYSTEMS AB Two statice cultivars, Limonium perezii cv. Blue Seas and L. sinuatum CV. American Beauty, were grown in greenhouse sand tanks to determine the effect of salt stress on carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning. For the first experiment, irrigation waters were prepared to simulate typical saline-sodic drainage effluent in the San Joaquin Valley of California with electrical conductivities of 2.5, 7, 11, 15, 20, 25, and 30 dS.m(-1). A second experiment compared responses to two types of irrigation waters with salinity levels of 2.5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 dS.m(-1): 1) San Joaquin Valley drainage waters, and 2) solutions mimicking concentrations of Colorado River water, a major irrigation water source for southern California. In addition to the presence of myo-inositol and three common sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose), chiro-inositol was for the first time isolated and identified in leaf and root tissues of both Limonium species. As salinity increased from 2.5 to 30 dS.m(-1), leaf chiro-inositol concentration increased from 6.4 to 52.8 and from 2.6 to 72.9 mu mol.g(-1) dry weight for L. perezii and L. sinuatum, respectively, suggesting that chiroinositol contributes substantially to osmotic adjustment in the stressed plants. Meanwhile, leaf myo-inositol concentration remained low in both species and showed little response to salinity. Before salt stress, the seedlings contained little chiro-inositol, indicating that salt enhanced chiro-inositol synthesis per unit of biomass formation. Significant (P <= 0.05) increasing trends for fructose and glucose and a decreasing trend for sucrose with increasing salinity were observed in the leaves of L. perezii but not L. sinuatum. As a result, the leaves of L. perezii had higher glucose and fructose but lower sucrose levels than that of L. sinuatum. However, no significant (P>0.05) salt effect was found on the sum of the three common sugar concentrations in either species. Therefore, the accumulation of chiroinositol resulted in a change in carbon partitioning among the soluble carbohydrates (i.e., the ratio of leaf chiroinositol over a sum of the three common sugars rose from 0.034 to 0.29 dS.m(-1) and from 0.012 to 0.32 dS.m(-1) for L. perezii and L. sinuatum, respectively, as salinity increased from 2.5 to 30 dS.m(-1)). Salt stress did not affect starch accumulation and caused no carbon reserve deficiency. Furthermore, it was observed that salinity increased chiroinositol phloem transport. The chiro-inositol response might be a physiological process for Limonium salt adaptation. The types of saline irrigation waters (i.e., sodium sulfate-dominated waters vs. a sodium chloride system) appear to have little effect on carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning in L. perezii. C1 [Liu, Xuan; Grieve, Catherine] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Liu, XA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Xuan.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 134 IS 3 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WT UT WOS:000279015600005 ER PT J AU Porch, TG Blair, MW Lariguet, P Galeano, C Pankhurst, CE Broughton, WJ AF Porch, Timothy G. Blair, Matthew W. Lariguet, Patricia Galeano, Carlos Pankhurst, Clive E. Broughton, William J. TI Generation of a Mutant Population for TILLING Common Bean Genotype BAT 93 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EMS; mutagenesis; Phaseolus vulgaris ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS-L; CHEMICALLY-INDUCED MUTATIONS; PLANT FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; REVERSE GENETICS; POINT MUTATIONS; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; GENES; INHERITANCE; DISCOVERY; LEGUMES AB Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the major food legume worldwide, making it an important target for novel approaches of genetic analysis. This study evaluated the use of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) for the generation of a mutant population for targeted induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) in common bean. TILLING is a powerful reverse genetics approach that uses a large mutant population for identification of mutants in loci of interest. Based on overall survival, development, and yield of treated seed, 40 mM EMS was found to be an appropriate concentration for the generation of a mutant population in common bean genotype BAT 93. Higher concentrations of EMS resulted in survival rates of less than 10% and lower concentrations resulted in the generation of fewer mutants. Based on TILLING results from other species, a population of 5000 lines is estimated to be sufficient for saturation of the common bean genome. Phenotypic mutation frequencies and the isolation of targeted mutations in the BAT 93 mutant population indicate that mutagenesis was effective. C1 [Porch, Timothy G.] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Blair, Matthew W.; Galeano, Carlos] CIAT, Cali 6713, Colombia. [Lariguet, Patricia] Univ Geneva, Lab Mol Biol Higher Plants LBMPS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Porch, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM timothy.porch@ars.usda.gov FU Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique [3100AO-104097, 3100A0-116858]; Departement de l'Instruction Publique du Canton de Geneve FX Received for publication 22 May 2008. Accepted for publication 25 Mar. 2009. The work conducted at the University of Geneva was supported by the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique (Projects 3100AO-104097 and 3100A0-116858) as well as the Departement de l'Instruction Publique du Canton de Geneve. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 134 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WT UT WOS:000279015600007 ER PT J AU Schneider, DA Tibary, A Raudsepp, T Das, PJ O'Rourke, KI AF Schneider, David A. Tibary, Ahmed Raudsepp, Terje Das, Pranab J. O'Rourke, Katherine I. TI Blood chimerism confounds genetic relative susceptibility testing for classical scrapie in sheep SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Chimera; diagnostics; genotyping; microsatellite; PRNP; scrapie; sheep ID PLACENTAL ANASTOMOSES; HEREDITARY OCCURRENCE; FREEMARTIN SYNDROME; PRNP GENE; FREQUENCY; GENOTYPES; POPULATIONS; SCIENCE; PRIONS; SEX AB Classical scrapie disease is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep that is enzootic in the United States. Susceptibility of sheep to classical scrapic is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP), forming the basis for genetic testing strategies used by national efforts to eradicate scrapie. Such efforts are occasionally hampered by inconclusive results stemming from the detection of "complex" genotypes. Naturally Occurring cases of ovine chimerism are thought to account for some of these instances. In the Current report, 4 naturally Occurring ovine chimeras are documented through cytogenetic and molecular analyses. All 4 of these sheep had chimeric cells circulating in their blood. Blood and alternate tissue Samples Of ear punch and hair bulbs from one of these chimeras Was submitted in batch with similar samples from control sheep for routine scrapie genetic relative susceptibility testing. A complex PRNP genotype was detected in the blood of the chimeric female but not in the alternate tissue samples or in the control sheep samples. The results demonstrate that naturally occurring blood chimerism call confound Current testing efforts. The potential impacts Of undetected chimeras on current scrapie eradication efforts are discussed. C1 [Schneider, David A.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Tibary, Ahmed] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Raudsepp, Terje; Das, Pranab J.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mol Cytogenet Lab, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Schneider, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Agr Res Serv, POB 646630,3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM das@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU Agricultural Research Service, USDA [CRIS 5348-32000-021-00D] FX This work was supported by CRIS 5348-32000-021-00D from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA. The authors especially wish to recognize the logistic and expert technical contributions of Desiree Lesiak to this project, and thank Caylee Birge, Duane Chandler, Amy Hetrick, and Marta Henrickson for their contributions to the care and use of the animals. From the USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, the authors thank Dr. John V Duncan (Veterinary Services), and Norma J. Newton and Patricia A. Meinhardt (both from the Pathobiology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratory), for their interest and Support in helping to obtain chimeric animals or samples for study. The authors thank Patricia Meinhardt, Dr. Diane Sutton (National Scrapie Program Coordinator, National Center for Animal Health Programs), and Associate Professor Mike Varnum (Washington State University) for their critical review of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products or enterprises in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 295 EP 305 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 442SO UT WOS:000265861100001 PM 19407081 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Chiang, YW Waldbillig, J Neill, JD AF Ridpath, Julia F. Chiang, Yu-Wei Waldbillig, Jill Neill, John D. TI Stability of Bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen in ear punch samples collected from bovine fetuses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Bovine viral diarrhea virus; detection; fetal; persistent infection ID IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS; PERSISTENT INFECTION; BVDV; SKIN; IMPACT; CALVES; FEEDLOT; CATTLE; DEATH; 1A AB Fourteen first-calf heifers were tested free of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) by serum neutralization and free of BVDV by polymerase chain reaction. Twelve were exposed to BVDV-1b strain CA0401186a at 84-86 days of gestation, and 2 were exposed to mock inoculum and served as negative controls. Fetuses were harvested by cesarean section at 115-117 days of gestation. The 12 fetuses removed from the BVDV-exposed heifers were BVDV positive based on virus isolation from kidney, thymus, cerebellum, and spleen. It can be assumed that these fetuses would have developed into persistently infected calves had they been allowed to go to term. Virus was not isolated from the fetuses of control animals. Ear punch samples were collected from all fetuses at time of harvest. Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACE), using a commercial kit, was performed on ear punch samples that were frozen within 5 hr of collection and stored at -20 degrees C until tested, tested after storage for 7 days at room temperature (18-25 degrees C), or tested after storage for 7 days at 37 degrees C. Samples stored for 7 days at room temperature or 37 degrees C lost an average of 34% of their starting weight. All samples from BVDV isolation-positive fetuses tested positive by ACE, whereas samples from nonexposed fetuses tested negative, regardless of storage conditions. These results suggest that ACE testing of skin samples collected from aborted fetuses and stillborn calves found in the field may represent a practical Surveillance method for BVDV-induced reproductive disease. C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.; Neill, John D.] Agr Res Serv, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Chiang, Yu-Wei; Waldbillig, Jill] Ft Dodge Anim Hlth, Bio R&D Div, Ft Dodge, IA USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 346 EP 349 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 442SO UT WOS:000265861100007 PM 19407087 ER PT J AU Messinger, JS Windham, WR Ward, CR AF Messinger, J. S. Windham, W. R. Ward, C. R. TI Ionized Hypercalcemia in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 109 Cases (1998-2003) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Hypervitaminosis D; Hypoadrenocorticism; Lymphosarcoma; Primary hyperparathyroidism ID SERUM TOTAL CALCIUM; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; RENAL-FAILURE; CANINE; DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; HYPOADRENOCORTICISM; LYMPHOSARCOMA; MAGNESIUM AB Serum hypercalcemia in dogs has been reported in association with a variety of diseases. Serum-ionized calcium (iCa) concentration is a more accurate measure of hypercalcemia than total serum calcium or corrected serum calcium concentrations. The severity of hypercalcemia has been utilized to suggest the most likely differential diagnosis for the hypercalcemia. Diseases causing ionized hypercalcemia may be different than those that cause increases in total or corrected serum calcium concentrations. The severity of ionized hypercalcemia in specific diseases cannot be used to determine the most likely differential diagnosis for ionized hypercalcemia. One-hundred and nine client-owned dogs with a definitive cause for their ionized hypercalcemia evaluated between 1998 and 2003 were included in this study. Retrospective, medical records review. Neoplasia, specifically lymphosarcoma, followed by renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, and hypoadrenocorticism were the most common causes of ionized hypercalcemia. Dogs with lymphoma and anal sac adenocarcinoma have higher serum iCa concentrations than those with renal failure, hypoadrenocorticism, and other types of neoplasia. The magnitude of serum-ionized hypercalcemia did not predict specific disease states. Serum-ionized hypercalcemia was most commonly associated with neoplasia, specifically lymphosarcoma. Although dogs with lymphosarcoma and anal sac adenocarcinoma had higher serum iCa concentrations than dogs with other diseases, the magnitude of the serum iCa concentration could not be used to predict the cause of hypercalcemia. Total serum calcium and corrected calcium concentrations did not accurately reflect the calcium status of the dogs in this study. C1 [Ward, C. R.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Messinger, J. S.] VCA Alameda E Vet Hosp, Denver, CO USA. [Windham, W. R.] USDA ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Ward, CR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM crward@uga.edu NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 514 EP 519 DI 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0288.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 446HI UT WOS:000266112300013 PM 19658207 ER PT J AU Weingartl, HM Albrecht, RA Lager, KM Babiuk, S Marszal, P Neufeld, J Embury-Hyatt, C Lekcharoensuk, P Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A Richt, JA AF Weingartl, Hana M. Albrecht, Randy A. Lager, Kelly M. Babiuk, Shawn Marszal, Peter Neufeld, James Embury-Hyatt, Carissa Lekcharoensuk, Pomtippa Tumpey, Terrence M. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Richt, Juergen A. TI Experimental Infection of Pigs with the Human 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWINE INFLUENZA; A VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DIFFERENT AGES; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; GENES; MICE AB Swine influenza was first recognized as a disease entity during the 1918 "Spanish flu" pandemic. The aim of this work was to determine the virulence of a plasmid-derived human 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (reconstructed 1918, or 1918/rec, virus) in swine using a plasmid-derived A/swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1 virus (1930/rec virus), representing the first isolated influenza virus, as a reference. Four-week-old piglets were inoculated intratracheally with either the 1930/rec or the 1918/rec virus or intranasally with the 1918/rec virus. A transient increase in temperature and mild respiratory signs developed postinoculation in all virus-inoculated groups. In contrast to other mammalian hosts (mice, ferrets, and macaques) where infection with the 1918/rec virus was lethal, the pigs did not develop severe respiratory distress or become moribund. Virus titers in the lower respiratory tract as well as macro- and microscopic lesions at 3 and 5 days postinfection (dpi) were comparable between the 1930/rec and 1918/rec virus-inoculated animals. In contrast to the 1930/rec virus-infected animals, at 7 dpi prominent lung lesions were present in only the 1918/rec virus-infected animals, and all the piglets developed antibodies at 7 dpi. Presented data support the hypothesis that the 1918 pandemic influenza virus was able to infect and replicate in swine, causing a respiratory disease, and that the virus was likely introduced into the pig population during the 1918 pandemic, resulting in the current lineage of the classical H1N1 swine influenza viruses. C1 [Weingartl, Hana M.; Babiuk, Shawn; Marszal, Peter; Neufeld, James; Embury-Hyatt, Carissa] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. [Weingartl, Hana M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Babiuk, Shawn] Univ Manitoba, Dept Immunol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Albrecht, Randy A.; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lager, Kelly M.; Lekcharoensuk, Pomtippa; Richt, Juergen A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Richt, Juergen A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lekcharoensuk, Pomtippa] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Weingartl, HM (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. EM hweingartl@inspection.gc.ca; jricht@vet.k-state.edu OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827; Albrecht, Randy/0000-0003-4008-503X FU Canadian Food Inspection Agency; ARS-USDA technical development FX We thank John Copps, Jason Gren, and Greg Smith for technical support. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 9 BP 4287 EP 4296 DI 10.1128/JVI.02399-08 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 431DN UT WOS:000265041600028 PM 19224986 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, Y Swayne, DE Thomas, C Rameix-Welti, MA Naffakh, N Warnes, C Altholtz, M Donis, R Subbarao, K AF Matsuoka, Yumiko Swayne, David E. Thomas, Colleen Rameix-Welti, Marie-Anne Naffakh, Nadia Warnes, Christine Altholtz, Melanie Donis, Ruben Subbarao, Kanta TI Neuraminidase Stalk Length and Additional Glycosylation of the Hemagglutinin Influence the Virulence of Influenza H5N1 Viruses for Mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; IN-VITRO; OSELTAMIVIR; GROWTH; SITE; REPLICATION; SENSITIVITY; ALTER AB Following circulation of avian influenza H5 and H7 viruses in poultry, the hemagglutinin ( HA) can acquire additional glycosylation sites, and the neuraminidase (NA) stalk becomes shorter. We investigated whether these features play a role in the pathogenesis of infection in mammalian hosts. From 1996 to 2007, H5N1 viruses with a short NA stalk have become widespread in several avian species. Compared to viruses with a long-stalk NA, viruses with a short-stalk NA showed a decreased capacity to elute from red blood cells and an increased virulence in mice, but not in chickens. The presence of additional HA glycosylation sites had less of an effect on virulence than did NA stalk length. The short-stalk NA of H5N1 viruses circulating in Asia may contribute to virulence in humans. C1 [Matsuoka, Yumiko; Warnes, Christine; Altholtz, Melanie; Donis, Ruben; Subbarao, Kanta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Swayne, David E.; Thomas, Colleen] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rameix-Welti, Marie-Anne; Naffakh, Nadia] CNRS, URA 3015, Inst Pasteur, Unite Genet Mol Virus ARN, Paris, France. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, 33 N Dr,MSC 3203, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov OI Rameix-Welti, Marie-Anne/0000-0002-5901-3856; Naffakh, Nadia/0000-0002-0424-0277 FU Oakridge Institute for Science and Education ( ORISE); Institut Pasteur FX C. W. and M. A. were supported by Oakridge Institute for Science and Education ( ORISE) fellowships. M.- A. R.- W. was supported by a fellowship from the Institut Pasteur. NR 24 TC 110 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 9 BP 4704 EP 4708 DI 10.1128/JVI.01987-08 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 431DN UT WOS:000265041600070 PM 19225004 ER PT J AU Runge, MC Sauer, JR Avery, ML Blackwell, BF Koneff, MD AF Runge, Michael C. Sauer, John R. Avery, Michael L. Blackwell, Bradley F. Koneff, Mark D. TI Assessing Allowable Take of Migratory Birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; allowable take; black vulture; Coragyps atratus; depredation; harvest theory; migratory birds; potential biological removal; prescribed take level; yield curve ID ROOSTING BLACK VULTURES; TURKEY VULTURES; GYPS-FULVUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HOME RANGES; MANAGEMENT; CAROLINA; HARVEST AB Legal removal of migratory birds from the wild occurs for several reasons, including subsistence, sport harvest, damage control, and the pet trade. We argue that harvest theory provides the basis for assessing the impact of authorized take, advance a simplified rendering of harvest theory known as potential biological removal as a useful starting point for assessing take, and demonstrate this approach with a case study of depredation control of black vultures (Coragyps atratus) in Virginia, USA. Based on data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and other sources, we estimated that the black vulture population in Virginia was 91,190 (95% credible interval = 44,520-212,100) in 2006. Using a simple population model and available estimates of life-history parameters, we estimated the intrinsic rate of growth (r(max)) to be in the range 7-14%, with 10.6% a plausible point estimate. For a take program to seek an equilibrium population size on the conservative side of the yield curve, the rate of take needs to be less than that which achieves a maximum sustained yield (0.5 X r(max)). Based on the point estimate for r(max) and using the lower 60% credible interval for population size to account for uncertainty, these conditions would be met if the take of black vultures in Virginia in 2006 was,3,533 birds. Based on regular monitoring data, allowable harvest should be adjusted annually to reflect changes in population size. To initiate discussion about how this assessment framework could be related to the laws and regulations that govern authorization of such take, we suggest that the Migratory Bird Treaty Act requires only that take of native migratory birds be sustainable in the long-term, that is, sustained harvest rate should be < r(max). Further, the ratio of desired harvest rate to 0.5 X r(max) may be a useful metric for ascertaining the applicability of specific requirements of the National Environmental Protection Act. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(4): 556-565; 2009) C1 [Runge, Michael C.; Sauer, John R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Koneff, Mark D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Blackwell, Bradley F.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Avery, Michael L.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Runge, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mrunge@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 556 EP 565 DI 10.2193/2008-090 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 446PP UT WOS:000266133900012 ER PT J AU Moll, RJ Millspaugh, JJ Beringer, J Sartwell, J Woods, RJ Vercauteren, KC AF Moll, Remington J. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Beringer, Jeff Sartwell, Joel Woods, Rami J. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Physiological Stress Response of Captive White-Tailed Deer to Video Collars SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adrenocortical response; animal-borne video and environmental data collection systems; Odocoileus virginianus; stress hormones; temperature; video collar; white-tailed deer ID BEHAVIOR; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; CORTICOSTERONE; TRANSMITTERS; RADIOCOLLARS; METABOLISM; CORTISOL; SURVIVAL; HORMONES; ECOLOGY AB Animal-borne video and environmental data collection systems (AVEDs) are an advanced form of biotelemetry that combines video with other sensors. As a proxy for physiological stress, we assessed fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) excretion in 7 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fitted with AVED dummy collars; 9 additional deer served as controls. We collected fecal samples over 3 2-week periods: pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment periods. There were no differences in FGMs across time periods (F-2,F-218 = 1.94, P = 0.147) and no difference between FGMs of control and treatment individuals (F-1,F-14 = 0.72, P = 0.411). Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite excretion in AVED-collared deer was indistinguishable from uncollared animals and within the normal, baseline range for this species. Absence of an adrenal response to collaring suggested that AVED collaring does not induce physiological stress in deer. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(4): 609-614; 2009) C1 [Moll, Remington J.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Woods, Rami J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Beringer, Jeff; Sartwell, Joel] Conservat Res Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, Anim & Hlth Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Moll, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM MillspaughJ@missouri.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.2193/2008-266 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 446PP UT WOS:000266133900019 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Long, DB AF Campbell, Tyler A. Long, David B. TI Strawberry-Flavored Baits for Pharmaceutical Delivery to Feral Swine SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE baits; FeralMone; feral swine; oral delivery system; pharmaceutical; PIGOUT; strawberry; Sus scrofa ID WILD DOGS; VISITATION; FOXES; PIGS; ATTRACTIVENESS AB More effective methods to control feral swine (Sus scrofa) damage are needed. We evaluated 8 oral delivery systems designed to deliver pharmaceuticals to feral swine on 2 properties in southern Texas, USA. We used modified PIGOUT(R) feral pig bait (Animal Control Technologies Australia P/L, Somerton, Victoria, Australia) throughout our trials to compare species-specific visitation and removal rates. Given our consistent finding of high nontarget removal of baits intended for feral swine, we question whether a swine-specific oral delivery system exists for this region. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(4): 615-619; 2009) C1 [Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 615 EP 619 DI 10.2193/2008-326 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 446PP UT WOS:000266133900020 ER PT J AU Singh, MAF Singh, NA Hansen, RD Finnegan, TP Allen, BJ Diamond, TH Diwan, AD Lloyd, BD Williamson, DA Smith, EUR Grady, JN Stavrinos, TM Thompson, MW AF Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone Singh, Nalin A. Hansen, Ross D. Finnegan, Terence P. Allen, Barry J. Diamond, Terrence H. Diwan, Ashish D. Lloyd, Bradley D. Williamson, Dominique A. Smith, Emma U. R. Grady, Jodie N. Stavrinos, Theodora M. Thompson, Martin W. TI Methodology and Baseline Characteristics for the Sarcopenia and Hip Fracture Study: A 5-Year Prospective Study SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Body composition; Disability; Hip fracture; Sarcopenia ID VITAMIN-D; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; RISK; HEALTH; INDEX; METAANALYSIS; WOMEN AB Age-related hip fractures are associated with poor functional outcomes, resulting in substantial personal and societal burden. There is a need to better identify reversible etiologic predictors of suboptimal functional recovery in this group. The Sarcopenia and Hip Fracture (SHIP) study was a 5-year prospective cohort study following community-dwelling older persons admitted to three Sydney hospitals for hip fracture. Information was collected at baseline, and 4 and 12 months, including health status, quality of life, nutritional status, body composition, muscle strength, range of motion, gait velocity, balance, walking endurance, disability, cognition, depression, fear of falling, self-efficacy, social support, physical activity level, vision, and fall-related data, with residential status, disability, and mortality reassessed at 5 years. 193 participants enrolled (81 +/- 8 years, 72% women). High levels of activities of daily living, disability and sedentariness were present prior to fracture. At admission, the cohort had high levels of chronic disease; 38% were depressed, 38% were cognitively impaired, and 26% had heart disease. Seventy-one percent of participants were sarcopenic, 58% undernourished, and 55% vitamin D deficient. Mobility, strength, and vision were severely impaired. There was little evidence that these comorbidities were either recognized or treated during hospitalization. Disability, sedentariness, malnutrition, and walking endurance predicted acute hospitalization length of stay. The complex comorbidity, pre-existing functional impairment, and sedentary behavior in patients with hip fracture suggest the need for thorough screening and targeting of potentially reversible impairments. Rehabilitation outcomes are likely to be highly dependent on amelioration of these highly prevalent accompaniments to hip fracture. C1 [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone; Lloyd, Bradley D.; Williamson, Dominique A.; Smith, Emma U. R.; Grady, Jodie N.; Stavrinos, Theodora M.; Thompson, Martin W.] Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Singh, Nalin A.; Stavrinos, Theodora M.] Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. [Hansen, Ross D.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Gastrointestinal Invest Unit, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. [Hansen, Ross D.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Ctr Vivo Body Composit, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. [Finnegan, Terence P.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Dept Aged Care & Rehabil Med, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. [Allen, Barry J.] St George Hosp, Canc Care Ctr, Ctr Expt Radiat Oncol, Kogarah, NSW, Australia. [Diwan, Ashish D.] Univ New S Wales, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Singh, MAF (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, East St, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. EM m.singh@usyd.edu.au FU Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [107472]; University of Sydney FX This study was funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, project grant 107472, and supported by the University of Sydney. We thank Peter Smerdely and Tom Gwinn for their contribution to the study's design. We thank all hospital personnel who assisted in the recruitment of participants, and the participants and their families for their generous commitment to this project. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 7 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 64 IS 5 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.1093/gerona/glp002 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 431WQ UT WOS:000265095900008 ER PT J AU Lloyd, BD Williamson, DA Singh, NA Hansen, RD Diamond, TH Finnegan, TP Allen, BJ Grady, JN Stavrinos, TM Smith, EUR Diwan, AD Fiatarone Singh, MA AF Lloyd, Bradley D. Williamson, Dominique A. Singh, Nalin A. Hansen, Ross D. Diamond, Terrence H. Finnegan, Terence P. Allen, Barry J. Grady, Jodie N. Stavrinos, Theodora M. Smith, Emma U. R. Diwan, Ashish D. Fiatarone Singh, Maria A. TI Recurrent and Injurious Falls in the Year Following Hip Fracture: A Prospective Study of Incidence and Risk Factors From the Sarcopenia and Hip Fracture Study SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Falls; Hip fracture; Osteoporosis; Aging ID COMMUNITY-DWELLING WOMEN; VITAMIN-D; OLDER-PEOPLE; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ELDERLY PERSONS; HEALTH OUTCOMES; SELF-EFFICACY; INDEX AB The incidence and etiology of falls in patients following hip fracture remains poorly understood. We prospectively investigated the incidence of, and risk factors for, recurrent and injurious falls in community-dwelling persons admitted for surgical repair of minimal-trauma hip fracture. Fall surveillance methods included phone calls, medical records, and fall calendars. Potential predictors of falls included health status, quality of life, nutritional status, body composition, muscle strength, range of motion, gait velocity, balance, walking endurance, disability, cognition, depression, fear of falling, self-efficacy, social support, physical activity level, and vision. 193 participants enrolled in the study (81 +/- 8 years, 72% women, gait velocity 0.3 +/- 0.2 m/s). We identified 227 falls in the year after hip fracture for the 178 participants with fall surveillance data. Fifty-six percent of participants fell at least once, 28% had recurrent falls, 30% were injured, 12% sustained a new fracture, and 5% sustained a new hip fracture. Age-adjusted risk factors for recurrent and injurious falls included lower strength, balance, range of motion, physical activity level, quality of life, depth perception, vitamin D, and nutritional status, and greater polypharmacy, comorbidity, and disability. Multivariate analyses identified older age, congestive heart failure, poorer quality of life, and nutritional status as independent risk factors for recurrent and injurious falls. Recurrent and injurious falls are common after hip fracture and are associated with multiple risk factors, many of which are treatable. Interventions should therefore be tailored to alleviating or reversing any nutritional, physiological, and psychosocial risk factors of individual patients. C1 [Lloyd, Bradley D.; Williamson, Dominique A.; Grady, Jodie N.; Stavrinos, Theodora M.; Smith, Emma U. R.; Fiatarone Singh, Maria A.] Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. [Singh, Nalin A.; Stavrinos, Theodora M.] Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. [Hansen, Ross D.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Gastrointestinal Invest Unit, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. [Hansen, Ross D.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Ctr Vivo Body Composit, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. [Diamond, Terrence H.] St George Hosp, Kogarah, NSW, Australia. [Finnegan, Terence P.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Dept Aged Care & Rehabil Med, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. [Allen, Barry J.] St George Hosp, Ctr Expt Radiat Oncol, Canc Care Ctr, Kogarah, NSW, Australia. [Diwan, Ashish D.] Univ New S Wales, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Fiatarone Singh, Maria A.] Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [Fiatarone Singh, Maria A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fiatarone Singh, MA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, East St, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. EM m.singh@usyd.edu.au; m.singh@usyd.edu.au FU Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [107472]; University of Sydney FX This study was funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, project grant 107472, and supported by the University of Sydney. We wish to thank Peter Smerdely, Martin Thompson, and Tom Gwinn for their contribution to the study's design. We thank all hospital personnel who assisted in the recruitment of participants, and the participants and their families for their generous commitment to this project. NR 58 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 7 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 64 IS 5 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1093/gerona/glp003 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 431WQ UT WOS:000265095900012 PM 19264957 ER PT J AU Miranda, BR Sturtevant, BR Yang, J Gustafson, EJ AF Miranda, Brian R. Sturtevant, Brian R. Yang, Jian Gustafson, Eric J. TI Comparing fire spread algorithms using equivalence testing and neutral landscape models SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Equivalence; Fire model; Meta-model; Neutral landscape; Scale ID BIOEQUIVALENCE; ECOLOGY; DISTURBANCE; VALIDATION; SUCCESSION; PATTERNS; TRIALS; ISSUES; SCALES AB We demonstrate a method to evaluate the degree to which a meta-model approximates spatial disturbance processes represented by a more detailed model across a range of landscape conditions, using neutral landscapes and equivalence testing. We illustrate this approach by comparing burn patterns produced by a relatively simple fire spread algorithm with those generated by a more detailed fire behavior model from which the simpler algorithm was derived. Equivalence testing allows objective comparisons of the output of simple and complex models, to determine if the results are significantly similar. Neutral landscape models represent a range of landscape conditions that the model may encounter, allowing evaluation of the sensitivity and behavior of the model to different landscape compositions and configurations. We first tested the model for universal applicability, then narrowed the testing to assess the practical domain of applicability. As a whole, the calibrated simple model passed the test for significant equivalence using the 25% threshold. When applied to a range of landscape conditions different from the calibration scenarios, the model failed the tests for equivalence. Although our particular model failed the tests, the neutral landscape models were helpful in determining an appropriate domain of applicability and in assessing the model sensitivity to landscape changes. Equivalence testing provides an effective method for model comparison, and coupled with neutral landscapes, our approach provides an objective way to assess the domain of applicability of a spatial model. C1 [Miranda, Brian R.; Sturtevant, Brian R.; Gustafson, Eric J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Yang, Jian] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Miranda, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM brmiranda@fs.fed.us RI Yang, Jian/H-3169-2011 OI Yang, Jian/0000-0002-2170-589X FU National Fire Plan FX We thank Andrew Robinson for preliminary advice and thoughtful comments on an earlier draft, in addition to providing his Equivalence package for R. Comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers led to a substantially improved manuscript. We thank John Stanovick for his valuable consultations. This research was supported by funding from the National Fire Plan. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 587 EP 598 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9343-y PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 438PT UT WOS:000265568500002 ER PT J AU Powell, JA Bentz, BJ AF Powell, James A. Bentz, Barbara J. TI Connecting phenological predictions with population growth rates for mountain pine beetle, an outbreak insect SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mountain pine beetle; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Growth rate prediction; Phenology; Temperature change; Insect outbreak ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; REPRODUCTIVE ASYNCHRONY; BARK BEETLES; LIFE-CYCLES; HOST-PLANT; SCOLYTIDAE; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; COLEOPTERA; ECOLOGY AB It is expected that a significant impact of global warming will be disruption of phenology as environmental cues become disassociated from their selective impacts. However there are few, if any, models directly connecting phenology with population growth rates. In this paper we discuss connecting a distributional model describing mountain pine beetle phenology with a model of population success measured using annual growth rates derived from aerially detected counts of infested trees. This model bridges the gap between phenology predictions and population viability/growth rates for mountain pine beetle. The model is parameterized and compared with 8 years of data from a recent outbreak in central Idaho, and is driven using measured tree phloem temperatures from north and south bole aspects and cumulative forest area impacted. A model driven by observed south-side phloem temperatures and that includes a correction for forest area previously infested and killed is most predictive and generates realistic parameter values of mountain pine beetle fecundity and population growth. Given that observed phloem temperatures are not always available, we explore a variety of methods for using daily maximum and minimum ambient temperatures in model predictions. C1 [Powell, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bentz, Barbara J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Powell, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jim.powell@usu.edu; bbentz@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 657 EP 672 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9340-1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 438PT UT WOS:000265568500007 ER PT J AU Evans, JS Cushman, SA AF Evans, Jeffrey S. Cushman, Samuel A. TI Gradient modeling of conifer species using random forests SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Predictive modeling; Random forests; CART; Gradient ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; CLASSIFICATION; ECOLOGY; AREAS AB Landscape ecology often adopts a patch mosaic model of ecological patterns. However, many ecological attributes are inherently continuous and classification of species composition into vegetation communities and discrete patches provides an overly simplistic view of the landscape. If one adopts a niche-based, individualistic concept of biotic communities then it may often be more appropriate to represent vegetation patterns as continuous measures of site suitability or probability of occupancy, rather than the traditional abstraction into categorical community types represented in a mosaic of discrete patches. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the high effectiveness of species-level, pixel scale prediction of species occupancy as a continuous landscape variable, as an alternative to traditional classified community type vegetation maps. We use a Random Forests ensemble learning approach to predict site-level probability of occurrence for four conifer species based on climatic, topographic and spectral predictor variables across a 3,883 km(2) landscape in northern Idaho, USA. Our method uses a new permutated sample-downscaling approach to equalize sample sizes in the presence and absence classes, a model selection method to optimize parsimony, and independent validation using prediction to 10% bootstrap data withhold. The models exhibited very high accuracy, with AUC and kappa values over 0.86 and 0.95, respectively, for all four species. The spatial predictions produced by the models will be of great use to managers and scientists, as they provide vastly more accurate spatial depiction of vegetation structure across this landscape than has previously been provided by traditional categorical classified community type maps. C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Dept Agr, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nat Conservancy Rocky Mt Conservat Reg, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Dept Agr, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM Jeffrey_evans@tnc.org; scushman@fs.fed.us OI Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 NR 46 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 673 EP 683 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9341-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 438PT UT WOS:000265568500008 ER PT J AU Riitters, K Vogt, P Soille, P Estreguil, C AF Riitters, Kurt Vogt, Peter Soille, Pierre Estreguil, Christine TI Landscape patterns from mathematical morphology on maps with contagion SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pattern analysis; Neutral model; Percolation theory; Phase transition; Simulation; Threshold ID SPATIAL-PATTERN; NEUTRAL MODEL; UNIVERSALITY; PERCOLATION; THRESHOLDS; DISPERSAL; GRADIENTS; BEHAVIOR; METRICS; AREA AB The perceived realism of simulated maps with contagion (spatial autocorrelation) has led to their use for comparing landscape pattern metrics and as habitat maps for modeling organism movement across landscapes. The objective of this study was to conduct a neutral model analysis of pattern metrics defined by morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) on maps with contagion, with comparisons to phase transitions (abrupt changes) of patterns on simple random maps. Using MSPA, each focal class pixel on a neutral map was assigned to one of six pattern classes-core, edge, perforated, connector, branch, or islet-depending on MSPA rules for connectivity and edge width. As the density of the focal class (P) was increased on simple random maps, the proportions of pixels in different pattern classes exhibited two types of phase transitions at threshold densities (0.41 a parts per thousand currency sign P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.99) that were predicted by percolation theory after taking into account the MSPA rules for connectivity and edge width. While there was no evidence of phase transitions on maps with contagion, the general trends of pattern metrics in relation to P were similar to simple random maps. Using an index P for comparisons, the effect of increasing contagion was opposite that of increasing edge width. C1 [Riitters, Kurt] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Vogt, Peter; Estreguil, Christine] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Soille, Pierre] Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Riitters, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us FU Quantitative Sciences Staff, US Forest Service FX Two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their assistance. Funding was provided by the Quantitative Sciences Staff, US Forest Service. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US Government. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 699 EP 709 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9344-x PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 438PT UT WOS:000265568500010 ER PT J AU Looper, ML Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Rosenkrans, CF AF Looper, M. L. Edrington, T. S. Callaway, T. R. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from contaminated manure slurry applied to soil surrounding tall fescue SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; ecology; production; soil; waste water ID RANGE BEEF-CALVES; IRRIGATION WATER; O157-H7; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; LETTUCE; TRANSMISSION; PERSISTENCE AB To investigate the potential transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from contaminated manure slurry into the tissue of tall fescue plants. Tall fescue plants (n = 50) were fertilized with a manure slurry inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Soil was collected and tall fescue plants (n = 10 per day) harvested on day 1, 2, 4, 8, and 14 after manure slurry fertilization. Soil samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7 on all days and on day 1, 2, 8, and 14 for Salmonella. None of the plant tissue samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7 on day 1 or 2; however, 20%, 30% and 40% of plant tissue samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7 on day 4, 8, and 14, respectively. It may be possible that E. coli O157:H7 can become transmitted and internalized into tall fescue plant tissue within 4 days after exposure to an E. coli O157:H7-contaminated manure slurry. Salmonella did not appear to be transferred to tall fescue plant tissue. Faeces contaminated with E. coli O157:11H7 may be one means by which grazing ruminants spread bacterial pathogens to additional animals. C1 [Looper, M. L.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Edrington, T. S.; Callaway, T. R.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. EM mike.looper@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02563.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 431QB UT WOS:000265076800002 PM 19220738 ER PT J AU Narciso, JA AF Narciso, J. A. TI A simple method for screening antimicrobial compounds with application to plant disease and fruit quality SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial treatments; environmental chamber; experimental method; macro and microscopic evaluation; tissue evaluation ID ESSENTIAL OILS; INFESTANS AB It is often difficult to extrapolate information from a Petri dish and apply it to commercial applications as with antimicrobial assays. Often large volumes of commodities are used for a virtually untested protocol and result in an unnecessary expenditure of time and materials. An intermediate method, where experimental compounds could be tested directly on a specific commodity without expending large quantities of either sample or compound, would be practical and economical. A method was developed that employs the use of a small experimental chamber in which pieces of natural materials (e.g. fruit) can be tested with antimicrobial compounds. This method uses a type of autoclavable incubation chamber with a filter paper base, hydrating sponge pieces and a sterile glass sample platform. The chamber offers a sterile, controlled environment and can be manipulated to serve a number of studies. The chamber results are more analogous to what happens on whole fruit than the Petri dish. This method is presently used to screen for antimicrobial compounds and treatments needed to control serious economic pests compromising Florida's agriculture. C1 ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Narciso, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jan.narciso@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 548 EP 553 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02568.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 431QB UT WOS:000265076800008 PM 19228289 ER PT J AU Hall, RO Tank, JL Sobota, DJ Mulholland, PJ O'Brien, JM Dodds, WK Webster, JR Valett, HM Poole, GC Peterson, BJ Meyer, JL McDowell, WH Johnson, SL Hamilton, SK Grimm, NB Gregory, SV Dahm, CN Cooper, LW Ashkenas, LR Thomas, SM Sheibley, RW Potter, JD Niederlehner, BR Johnson, LT Helton, AM Crenshaw, CM Burgin, AJ Bernot, MJ Beaulieu, JJ Arango, CP AF Hall, Robert O., Jr. Tank, Jennifer L. Sobota, Daniel J. Mulholland, Patrick J. O'Brien, Jonathan M. Dodds, Walter K. Webster, Jackson R. Valett, H. Maurice Poole, Geoffrey C. Peterson, Bruce J. Meyer, Judy L. McDowell, William H. Johnson, Sherri L. Hamilton, Stephen K. Grimm, Nancy B. Gregory, Stanley V. Dahm, Clifford N. Cooper, Lee W. Ashkenas, Linda R. Thomas, Suzanne M. Sheibley, Richard W. Potter, Jody D. Niederlehner, B. R. Johnson, Laura T. Helton, Ashley M. Crenshaw, Chelsea M. Burgin, Amy J. Bernot, Melody J. Beaulieu, Jake J. Arango, Clay P. TI Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by N-15 addition experiments: Total uptake SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HEADWATER STREAMS; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; NITROGEN SATURATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; NEW-ZEALAND; WATERSHEDS; RIVER; RETENTION AB We measured uptake length of (NO3)-N-15- in 72 streams in eight regions across the United States and Puerto Rico to develop quantitative predictive models on controls of NO3- uptake length. As part of the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment II project, we chose nine streams in each region corresponding to natural (reference), suburban-urban, and agricultural land uses. Study streams spanned a range of human land use to maximize variation in NO3- concentration, geomorphology, and metabolism. We tested a causal model predicting controls on NO3- uptake length using structural equation modeling. The model included concomitant measurements of ecosystem metabolism, hydraulic parameters, and nitrogen concentration. We compared this structural equation model to multiple regression models which included additional biotic, catchment, and riparian variables. The structural equation model explained 79% of the variation in log uptake length (S-Wtot). Uptake length increased with specific discharge (Q/w) and increasing NO3- concentrations, showing a loss in removal efficiency in streams with high NO3- concentration. Uptake lengths shortened with increasing gross primary production, suggesting autotrophic assimilation dominated NO3- removal. The fraction of catchment area as agriculture and suburban urban land use weakly predicted NO3- uptake in bivariate regression, and did improve prediction in a set of multiple regression models. Adding land use to the structural equation model showed that land use indirectly affected NO3- uptake lengths via directly increasing both gross primary production and NO3- concentration. Gross primary production shortened SWtot, while increasing NO3- lengthened SWtot resulting in no net effect of land use on NO3- removal. C1 [Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Tank, Jennifer L.; Johnson, Laura T.; Beaulieu, Jake J.; Arango, Clay P.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Sobota, Daniel J.; Gregory, Stanley V.; Ashkenas, Linda R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.; Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [O'Brien, Jonathan M.; Dodds, Walter K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [O'Brien, Jonathan M.; Hamilton, Stephen K.; Burgin, Amy J.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Webster, Jackson R.; Valett, H. Maurice; Niederlehner, B. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.; Meyer, Judy L.; Thomas, Suzanne M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, Bruce J.; Helton, Ashley M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McDowell, William H.; Potter, Jody D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NC USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grimm, Nancy B.; Sheibley, Richard W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Dahm, Clifford N.; Crenshaw, Chelsea M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bernot, Melody J.] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Hall, RO (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM bhall@uwyo.edu RI Burgin, Amy/G-7444-2014; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Burgin, Amy/C-1528-2010; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; O'Brien, Jonathan/G-6786-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009 OI Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017; Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536; Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002; Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0111410]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX This work was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB-0111410 to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, several NSF Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) grants to some of the individual sites, and numerous smaller grants and fellowships to a number of participating institutions. We thank more than 100 students and scientists who gathered data that contributed to this synthesis. We also thank the NSF LTER network, U. S. Forest Service, National Park Service, local municipalities, and many private landowners for permission to conduct experiments on lands they control. Dolly Gudder and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 53 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 653 EP 665 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.0653 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 474ZY UT WOS:000268325000001 ER PT J AU Mulholland, PJ Hall, RO Sobota, DJ Dodds, WK Findlay, SEG Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK McDowell, WH O'Brien, JM Tank, JL Ashkenas, LR Cooper, LW Dahm, CN Gregory, SV Johnson, SL Meyer, JL Peterson, BJ Poole, GC Valett, HM Webster, JR Arango, CP Beaulieu, JJ Bernot, MJ Burgin, AJ Crenshaw, CL Helton, AM Johnson, LT Niederlehner, BR Potter, JD Sheibley, RW Thomas, SM AF Mulholland, Patrick J. Hall, Robert O., Jr. Sobota, Daniel J. Dodds, Walter K. Findlay, Stuart E. G. Grimm, Nancy B. Hamilton, Stephen K. McDowell, William H. O'Brien, Jonathan M. Tank, Jennifer L. Ashkenas, Linda R. Cooper, Lee W. Dahm, Clifford N. Gregory, Stanley V. Johnson, Sherri L. Meyer, Judy L. Peterson, Bruce J. Poole, Geoffrey C. Valett, H. Maurice Webster, Jackson R. Arango, Clay P. Beaulieu, Jake J. Bernot, Melody J. Burgin, Amy J. Crenshaw, Chelsea L. Helton, Ashley M. Johnson, Laura T. Niederlehner, B. R. Potter, Jody D. Sheibley, Richard W. Thomas, Suzanne M. TI Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by N-15 addition experiments: Denitrification SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; NITROGEN EXPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; REACH-SCALE; SEDIMENTS; NITRIFICATION; WATER; METABOLISM AB We measured denitrification rates using a field N-15-NO3- tracer-addition approach in a large, cross-site study of nitrate uptake in reference, agricultural, and suburban-urban streams. We measured denitrification rates in 49 of 72 streams studied. Uptake length due to denitrification (S-Wden) ranged from 89 m to 184 km (median of 9050 m) and there were no significant differences among regions or land-use categories, likely because of the wide range of conditions within each region and land use. N-2 production rates far exceeded N2O production rates in all streams. The fraction of total NO3- removal from water due to denitrification ranged from 0.5% to 100% among streams (median of 16%), and was related to NH4+ concentration and ecosystem respiration rate (ER). Multivariate approaches showed that the most important factors controlling SWden were specific discharge (discharge / width) and NO3- concentration (positive effects), and ER and transient storage zones (negative effects). The relationship between areal denitrification rate (Uden) and NO3- concentration indicated a partial saturation effect. A power function with an exponent of 0.5 described this relationship better than a Michaelis Menten equation. Although Uden increased with increasing NO3- concentration, the efficiency of NO3- removal from water via denitrification declined, resulting in a smaller proportion of streamwater NO3- load removed over a given length of stream. Regional differences in stream denitrification rates were small relative to the proximate factors of NO3- concentration and ecosystem respiration rate, and land use was an important but indirect control on denitrification in streams, primarily via its effect on NO3- concentration. C1 [Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.; Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sobota, Daniel J.; Ashkenas, Linda R.; Gregory, Stanley V.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dodds, Walter K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Findlay, Stuart E. G.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Grimm, Nancy B.; Sheibley, Richard W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Hamilton, Stephen K.; O'Brien, Jonathan M.; Burgin, Amy J.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [McDowell, William H.; Potter, Jody D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NC USA. [Tank, Jennifer L.; Arango, Clay P.; Beaulieu, Jake J.; Johnson, Laura T.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Dahm, Clifford N.; Crenshaw, Chelsea L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meyer, Judy L.; Poole, Geoffrey C.; Helton, Ashley M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, Bruce J.; Thomas, Suzanne M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Valett, H. Maurice; Webster, Jackson R.; Niederlehner, B. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bernot, Melody J.] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Mulholland, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mulhollandpj@ornl.gov RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Burgin, Amy/C-1528-2010; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; O'Brien, Jonathan/G-6786-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Burgin, Amy/G-7444-2014; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014; OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002; Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017; Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536; Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0111410]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB-0111410 to the University of Tennessee, NSF Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) grants to some of the individual sites, and numerous smaller grants and fellowships to other institutions. More than 100 students and scientists gathered the information for this synthesis paper. We thank Nathaniel Ostrom for assistance with stable isotope measurements of N2 and N2O and Wil Wollheim for initial development of the model that we modified to estimate denitrification rates from field data. We thank Charles Garten and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved earlier versions of the manuscript. We also thank the NSF LTER network, U. S. Forest Service, National Park Service and many private landowners for permission to conduct experiments on their lands. Partial support to PJM during manuscript preparation was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC. NR 57 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 666 EP 680 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.0666 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 474ZY UT WOS:000268325000002 ER PT J AU Mikkonen, KS Tenkanen, M Cooke, P Xu, CL Rita, H Willfor, S Holmbom, B Hicks, KB Yadav, MP AF Mikkonen, Kirsi S. Tenkanen, Maija Cooke, Peter Xu, Chunlin Rita, Hannu Willfor, Stefan Holmbom, Bjarne Hicks, Kevin B. Yadav, Madhav P. TI Mannans as stabilizers of oil-in-water beverage emulsions SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Galactomannan; Glucomannan; Spruce galactoglucomannan; Emulsion stability ID CORN FIBER GUM; DISSOLVED GALACTOGLUCOMANNANS; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; HYDROCOLLOIDS; GALACTOMANNANS; SPRUCE; EMULSIFICATION; EMULSIFIERS; FILMS; PULP AB The stabilizing effect of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) on a model beverage emulsion system was studied and compared to that of guar gum and locust bean gum galactomannans, konjac glucomannan, and corn arabinoxylan. In addition, guar gum was enzymatically modified in order to examine the effect of the degree of polymerization and the degree of substitution of galactomannans on emulsion stability. Use of GGM increased the turbidity of emulsions both immediately after preparation and after storage of up to 14 days at room temperature. GGM emulsions had higher turbidity than the emulsions containing other mannans. The initial turbidity increased with increasing GGM content, but after 14 days storage at room temperature, the turbidity was the highest for GGM/oil ratio of 0.10:1 when ethanol-precipitated GGM was used. Increasing the storage temperature to +45 degrees C led to rapid emulsion breakdown, but a decrease in storage temperature increased emulsion stability after 14 days. Confocal microscopy showed that the average particle size in the bottom part of GGM emulsions stored for 14 days was smaller than 1 gm. A low degree of polymerization and a high degree of substitution of the modified galactomannans were associated with a decrease in emulsion turbidity. (C) 2008 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mikkonen, Kirsi S.; Tenkanen, Maija] Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Mikkonen, Kirsi S.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Technol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Cooke, Peter; Hicks, Kevin B.; Yadav, Madhav P.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Xu, Chunlin; Willfor, Stefan; Holmbom, Bjarne] Abo Akad Univ, Proc Chem Ctr, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Rita, Hannu] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Resource Management Stat & Methodol, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Mikkonen, KS (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM kirsi.s.mikkonen@heisinki.fi RI Xu, Chunlin/H-5224-2012; Tenkanen, Maija/F-9080-2016; OI Xu, Chunlin/0000-0003-1860-9669; Tenkanen, Maija/0000-0003-2883-2717; Mikkonen, Kirsi/0000-0003-4490-5912 FU The Foundation for Research of Natural Resources in Finland; Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes); Academy of Finland FX We thank Michael Kurantz: for the moisture, ash, and protein content analysis. The Foundation for Research of Natural Resources in Finland, Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes), and Academy of Finland are acknowledged for financial support. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 42 IS 4 BP 849 EP 855 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.11.010 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 410MD UT WOS:000263580500008 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, OA Stelly, DM Saha, S Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Raska, DA Scheffler, BE AF Gutierrez, Osman A. Stelly, David M. Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C., Jr. Raska, Dwaine A. Scheffler, Brian E. TI Integrative placement and orientation of non-redundant SSR loci in cotton linkage groups by deficiency analysis SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Chromosomal location; Gossypium hirsutum; Gossypium tomentosum; Gossypium barbadense; SSR; Interspecific hypoaneuploids ID X GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; EST-DERIVED MICROSATELLITES; HIRSUTUM L.; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; GENETIC DIVERSITY; QTL ANALYSIS; GENOME; MAP; MARKERS; CHROMOSOMES AB A combination of previously mapped and unmapped non-redundant SSR loci, using 381 primer pairs were chromosomally and sub-chromosomally localized by deficiency analysis of two sets of quasi-isogenic interspecific Gossypium hirsutum L. hypoaneuploid F(1) hybrids involving Gossypium barbadense L. and Gossypium tomentosum (Nuttall ex Seemann). Polymorphisms were detected for 369 SSR primer pairs. A total of 318 SSR loci were rendered deficient by the available hypoaneuploid stocks, which included primary monosomics (2n = 51), monotelodisomics and duplication-deficient (segmental trisomic-monosomic) (2n = 52) types. Chromosomal associations were newly determined for 123 SSR loci, of which 90, 106 and 73 were polymorphic in G. tomentosum, G. barbadense, and both sets, respectively. The deficiency tests independently confirmed the recent identifications of linkage groups (LG) A01, A02, A03 and D08 to be chromosome (Chr)-13, Chr-8, Chr-11 and Chr-19, respectively, and collectively delimited LG D02 and D03 to Chr-21 and 24, and their homeologs to Chr-8 and 11. Segmental homeology was detected between Chr-2 and Chr-17 loci, adding to evidence of segmental homeology between Chr-2 and 3 versus Chr-14 and 17. The 318 non-redundant SSR loci localized in this study will enhance the construction of linkage maps and QTL identification in molecular marker assisted selection since the confirmed and newly discovered SSR loci can serve as anchor loci for their respective chromosomes. C1 [Gutierrez, Osman A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Stelly, David M.; Raska, Dwaine A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Saha, Sukumar; Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C., Jr.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, CGRU, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Gutierrez, OA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM oag1@msstate.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 693 EP 707 DI 10.1007/s11032-009-9266-y PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 428IC UT WOS:000264840200013 ER PT J AU Janzen, DH Hallwachs, W Blandin, P Burns, JM Cadiou, JM Chacon, I Dapkey, T Deans, AR Epstein, ME Espinoza, B Franclemont, JG Haber, WA Hajibabaei, M Hall, JPW Hebert, PDN Gauld, ID Harvey, DJ Hausmann, A Kitching, IJ Lafontaine, D Landry, JF Lemaire, C Miller, JY Miller, JS Miller, L Miller, SE Montero, J Munroe, E Green, SR Ratnasingham, S Rawlins, JE Robbins, RK Rodriguez, JJ Rougerie, R Sharkey, MJ Smith, MA Solis, MA Sullivan, JB Thiaucourt, P Wahl, DB Weller, SJ Whitfield, JB Willmott, KR Wood, DM Woodley, NE Wilson, JJ AF Janzen, Daniel H. Hallwachs, Winnie Blandin, Patrick Burns, John M. Cadiou, Jean-Marie Chacon, Isidro Dapkey, Tanya Deans, Andrew R. Epstein, Marc E. Espinoza, Bernardo Franclemont, John G. Haber, William A. Hajibabaei, Mehrdad Hall, Jason P. W. Hebert, Paul D. N. Gauld, Ian D. Harvey, Donald J. Hausmann, Axel Kitching, Ian J. Lafontaine, Don Landry, Jean-Francois Lemaire, Claude Miller, Jacqueline Y. Miller, James S. Miller, Lee Miller, Scott E. Montero, Jose Munroe, Eugene Green, Suzanne Rab Ratnasingham, Sujeevan Rawlins, John E. Robbins, Robert K. Rodriguez, Josephine J. Rougerie, Rodolphe Sharkey, Michael J. Smith, M. Alex Solis, M. Alma Sullivan, J. Bolling Thiaucourt, Paul Wahl, David B. Weller, Susan J. Whitfield, James B. Willmott, Keith R. Wood, D. Monty Woodley, Norman E. Wilson, John J. TI Integration of DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory of complex tropical biodiversity SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; Braconidae; COI; Costa Rica; DNA barcoding; Lepidoptera; species identification; Tachinidae; taxonomy; tropical biodiversity inventory ID PARASITOID FLIES DIPTERA; SKIPPER BUTTERFLIES; GROUP HYMENOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; WASPS; GENUS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERGENCE; TACHINIDAE; DIVERSITY AB Inventory of the caterpillars, their food plants and parasitoids began in 1978 for today's Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This complex mosaic of 120 000 ha of conserved and regenerating dry, cloud and rain forest over 0-2000 m elevation contains at least 10 000 species of non-leaf-mining caterpillars used by more than 5000 species of parasitoids. Several hundred thousand specimens of ACG-reared adult Lepidoptera and parasitoids have been intensively and extensively studied morphologically by many taxonomists, including most of the co-authors. DNA barcoding - the use of a standardized short mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify specimens and flush out undisclosed species - was added to the taxonomic identification process in 2003. Barcoding has been found to be extremely accurate during the identification of about 100 000 specimens of about 3500 morphologically defined species of adult moths, butterflies, tachinid flies, and parasitoid wasps. Less than 1% of the species have such similar barcodes that a molecularly based taxonomic identification is impossible. No specimen with a full barcode was misidentified when its barcode was compared with the barcode library. Also as expected from early trials, barcoding a series from all morphologically defined species, and correlating the morphological, ecological and barcode traits, has revealed many hundreds of overlooked presumptive species. Many but not all of these cryptic species can now be distinguished by subtle morphological and/or ecological traits previously ascribed to 'variation' or thought to be insignificant for species-level recognition. Adding DNA barcoding to the inventory has substantially improved the quality and depth of the inventory, and greatly multiplied the number of situations requiring further taxonomic work for resolution. C1 [Janzen, Daniel H.; Hallwachs, Winnie; Dapkey, Tanya] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Blandin, Patrick] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75005 Paris, France. [Burns, John M.; Hall, Jason P. W.; Harvey, Donald J.; Miller, Scott E.; Robbins, Robert K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Chacon, Isidro; Espinoza, Bernardo; Montero, Jose] Inst Nacl Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo De Heredia, Costa Rica. [Deans, Andrew R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Epstein, Marc E.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Haber, William A.] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [Hajibabaei, Mehrdad; Ratnasingham, Sujeevan; Rougerie, Rodolphe; Smith, M. Alex; Wilson, John J.] Univ Guelph, Canadian Ctr DNA Barcoding, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hebert, Paul D. N.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hausmann, Axel] Zool State Collect Munich, Sekt Lepidoptera, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Kitching, Ian J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lafontaine, Don; Landry, Jean-Francois; Wood, D. Monty] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Natl Collect Insects, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Miller, Jacqueline Y.; Willmott, Keith R.] Univ Florida, McGuire Ctr Lepidoptera & Biodivers, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Green, Suzanne Rab] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Rawlins, John E.] Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Sect Invertebrate Zool, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Rodriguez, Josephine J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sharkey, Michael J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Solis, M. Alma; Woodley, Norman E.] Smithsonian Inst, SEL, USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wahl, David B.] Amer Entomol Inst, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Weller, Susan J.; Whitfield, James B.] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Janzen, DH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM djanzen@sas.upenn.edu RI Rougerie, Rodolphe/D-2930-2009; Wilson, John James/C-4656-2012; Smith, M Alex/B-4468-2013; Hebert, Paul/C-4161-2013; Ratnasingham, Sujeevan/G-9103-2014; Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014; OI Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378; Rougerie, Rodolphe/0000-0003-0937-2815; Smith, M Alex/0000-0002-8650-2575; Hebert, Paul/0000-0002-3081-6700; Dapkey, Tanya/0000-0002-2050-7664; Deans, Andrew/0000-0002-2119-4663 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSERC; Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute; Canada Research Chairs program; US National Science Foundation [BSR 9024770, DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699]; Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund; Wege Foundation; Science Connection; Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust; INBio; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste FX This research was supported by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, NSERC, Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, and the Canada Research Chairs program to PDNH, and by grants from the US National Science Foundation (BSR 9024770, DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730 and 0515699), Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund, Wege Foundation, Science Connection, Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust, INBio, and Area de Conservacion Guanacaste to DHJ and WH. We thank our many colleagues at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario for the diligent labour of DNA barcoding tens of thousands of specimens, and the 30 ACG parataxonomists for collecting, rearing, and databasing caterpillars and parasitoids. This study would never have occurred, nor could the analysis have been conducted, without the taxonomic and identification support of more than 150 taxonomists and their institutes that have identified plants, and Lepidoptera, wasps, and flies for the ACG caterpillar and parasitoid inventory during the past 30 years. Many of those supporting the taxonomy behind this barcoding study are co-authors, but we additionally wish to thank Andy Warren, Linda Pitkin, Malcolm Scoble, Robert Poole, Patricia Gentili-Poole, Phil DeVries, Mike Pogue, Vitor Becker, Jorge Corrales, Thierry Vaglia, Jean Haxaire, Manuel Balcazar and Espinita Porcupine for taxonomic and editing support. NR 60 TC 160 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 SU 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02628.x PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 433TC UT WOS:000265227700001 PM 21564960 ER PT J AU Foottit, RG Maw, HEL Havill, NP Ahern, RG Montgomery, ME AF Foottit, R. G. Maw, H. E. L. Havill, N. P. Ahern, R. G. Montgomery, M. E. TI DNA barcodes to identify species and explore diversity in the Adelgidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Adelgidae; COI; DNA barcoding; life cycles; mitochondrial DNA; parthenogenesis; species identification ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; NORTH-AMERICA; HOMOPTERA; EVOLUTION AB The Adelgidae are relatively small, cryptic insects, exhibiting complex life cycles with parthenogenetic reproduction. Due to these characteristics, the taxonomy of the group is problematic. Here, we test the effectiveness of the standard 658-bp barcode fragment from the 5'-end of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI) in differentiating among 17 species of Adelgidae, in associating life-cycle stages, and in assessing patterns of geographical variation in selected species. Species of Adelgidae are well-differentiated by DNA barcodes, enabling the identification of different morphological forms, immature stages and individuals on different hosts and at different periods of the life cycle. DNA barcodes have uncovered cryptic diversity within taxa and, in other cases, a lack of sequence divergence in species pairs previously separated by life-cycle characteristics, indicating a need for further taxonomic analysis. C1 [Foottit, R. G.; Maw, H. E. L.] Invertebrate Biodivers Agr & Agri Food Canada, Natl Environm Hlth Program, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Havill, N. P.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ahern, R. G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Havill, N. P.; Montgomery, M. E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Ctr, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Foottit, RG (reprint author), Invertebrate Biodivers Agr & Agri Food Canada, Natl Environm Hlth Program, KW Neatby Bldg,960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM foottitrg@agr.gc.ca FU USDA Forest Service; USDA CSREES; Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute); NSERC FX Specimens were provided by C. Bystrowski, C. Donahue, K. Glover, M. Hall, L. Jones, M. Kenis, G. Kohler, A. Lamb, A. Lynch, T. McAvoy, Z. Mendel,Y. Miyatake, K. Ripley, K. Ozaki, S. Salom, K. Saltonstall, M. Schultz, S. Stearns, S. Shiyake, J. Vakula, H. Y. Wang, B. Willhite, Guoyue Yu, G. Zilahi-Balogh, and M. Zubrik. This work is supported in part by funding provided by the USDA Forest Service and USDA CSREES, and through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute), NSERC and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02644.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 433TC UT WOS:000265227700019 PM 21564978 ER PT J AU Garlapati, RB Cross, DC Perera, OP Caprio, MA AF Garlapati, Rajesh B. Cross, David C. Perera, Omaththage P. Caprio, Michael A. TI Characteristics of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE fire ant; genetic markers; microsatellite; Solenopsis invicta; SSR AB We have characterized 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the invasive ant Solenopsis invicta. Primer pairs were evaluated on fire ants collected from monogyne mounds in Lauderdale County, Mississippi. The observed and effective number of alleles ranged from two to six and from 1.31 to 2.64, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.1613 to 0.7826 and from 0.1491 to 0.6242, respectively. The polymorphism information content of the microsatellites ranged from 0.1482 to 0.6208. Probability tests indicated significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at three loci. Pairwise tests did not detect linkage disequilibrium between any pair of loci. C1 [Perera, Omaththage P.] ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Garlapati, Rajesh B.; Cross, David C.; Caprio, Michael A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Perera, OP (reprint author), ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM op.operera@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX We thank student workers Andrea Brace, Anny Guthrie for their assistance in ant collection and DNA extraction, Sheron Simpson and Fanny Liu of USDA-ARS Mid-South Area Genomics Laboratory, Stoneville, Mississippi, for technical assistance in nucleotide sequencing and genotyping. This research was supported by the USDA-ARS area-wide management of imported fire ants project. This is the manuscript no. J-11241 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station, Mississippi State University. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 822 EP 824 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02276.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 443GC UT WOS:000265897200032 PM 21564756 ER PT J AU Renshaw, MA Douglas, KC Rexroad, CE Jobity, AMC Gold, JR AF Renshaw, Mark A. Douglas, Kory C. Rexroad, Caird E., III Jobity, Ann Marie C. Gold, John R. TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the Serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE microsatellites; Serra Spanish mackerel AB Thirteen nuclear-encoded microsatellites from a genomic DNA library of Serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis, were isolated and characterized. The microsatellites include 10 perfect repeats (eight tetranucleotide and two dinucleotide) and three imperfect repeats (two tetranucleotide and one dinucleotide). An additional five microsatellites, isolated originally from two congeneric species (S. cavalla and S. niphonius), were characterized in S. brasiliensis. Serra Spanish mackerel support artisanal fisheries along the Caribbean and Atlantic coasts of Central and South America, from Belize to Brazil. C1 [Renshaw, Mark A.; Douglas, Kory C.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rexroad, Caird E., III] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cold & Cool Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Jobity, Ann Marie C.] Minist Agr Land & Marine Resources, Newtown, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. RP Renshaw, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mrenshaw@ag.tamu.edu FU Ministry of Food Production and Marine Resources; Trinidad and Tobago and by Texas AgriLIFE Research [H-6703]; Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity at Texas A M University [159] FX We thank S. C. Bradfield for technical assistance in the laboratory. Funding was provided by the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Food Production and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago and by Texas AgriLIFE Research Project H-6703. This paper is no. 63 in the series 'Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes' and Contribution no. 159 of the Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity at Texas A & M University. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 835 EP 838 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02285.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 443GC UT WOS:000265897200037 PM 21564761 ER PT J AU Rehner, SA Evans, JD AF Rehner, Stephen A. Evans, Jay D. TI Microsatellite loci for the fungus Ascosphaera apis: cause of honey bee chalkbrood disease SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; entomopathogenic fungi; honey bee; social insect ID MELLIFERA; COLONIES; GENOME AB The fungus Ascosphaera apis is a worldwide fungal pathogen of honey bees. To provide tools for understanding the dispersal history of this pathogen, strain differences in virulence, and host-pathogen interactions, we used the draft genome assembly of A. apis to develop microsatellite loci for this species. We present testing results for 25 scorable loci revealing two to eight alleles per locus in a survey of Maryland isolates of this fungus. C1 [Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rehner, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stephen.rehner@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU National Honey Board (JDE) FX We thank Ellen Buckley, Kin Lan Han, Detiger Dunams and Dawn Lopez for laboratory assistance and Barry Thompson for specimens. This project was supported in part by the National Honey Board (JDE). NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 855 EP 858 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02455.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 443GC UT WOS:000265897200044 PM 21564768 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Grubisha, LC Fujiyoshi, P Garbelotto, M Bergemann, SE AF Baumgartner, K. Grubisha, L. C. Fujiyoshi, P. Garbelotto, M. Bergemann, S. E. TI Microsatellite markers for the diploid basidiomycete fungus Armillaria mellea SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Armillaria root disease; Basidiomycota; plant pathogen; population structure; somatic incompatibility ID FORESTS; LOCI AB We isolated and characterized 12 microsatellite markers for two North American populations (California, Pennsylvania) of Armillaria mellea, a fungal pathogen responsible for Armillaria root disease of numerous woody plants. Allele frequency ranged from two to nine alleles per locus, and gene diversity ranged from 0.05 to 0.86. Of the 12 loci, eight loci were polymorphic in the California and Pennsylvania populations, and showed no evidence of heterozygote deficiencies or severe linkage disequilibrium. Our results suggest that we have isolated and characterized variable loci to estimate genotypic diversity, gene flow and migration, and to determine population structure of North American A. mellea. C1 [Baumgartner, K.; Fujiyoshi, P.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grubisha, L. C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, USDA, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Garbelotto, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bergemann, S. E.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, 363 Hutchison Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu FU USDA FX We thank Jenna Groom for laboratory assistance, and Ravi Bhat and Mallikarjuna Aradhya for manuscript review. We thank Jessie Micales from the USDA Forest Products Laboratory for supplying the Pennsylvania cultures of Armillaria mellea. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 943 EP 946 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02494.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 443GC UT WOS:000265897200075 PM 21564799 ER PT J AU Baird, RE Wadl, PA Wang, XW Johnson, DH Rinehart, TA Abbas, HK Shier, T Trigiano, RN AF Baird, Richard E. Wadl, Phillip A. Wang, Xinwang Johnson, Denita H. Rinehart, Timothy A. Abbas, Hamed K. Shier, Thomas Trigiano, Robert N. TI Microsatellites from the charcoal rot fungus (Macrophomina phaseolina) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE genomic library; PCR; SSR enrichment ID LIBRARIES AB Microsatellite loci were identified from the charcoal rot fungus (Macrophomina phaseolina). Primer pairs for 46 loci were developed, and of these, 13 were optimized and screened using genomic DNA from 55 fungal isolates collected predominantly from two soybean fields in Mississippi. Twelve of the optimized loci were polymorphic and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 22. These microsatellites will be useful in population and pathogenicity studies to correspond with development of potential disease-resistant soybean and other susceptible crops. C1 [Baird, Richard E.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Wadl, Phillip A.; Wang, Xinwang; Johnson, Denita H.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Abbas, Hamed K.] USDA ARS CGRU MSA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shier, Thomas] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Baird, RE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM rbaird@plantpath.msstate.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 946 EP 948 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02511.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 443GC UT WOS:000265897200076 PM 21564800 ER PT J AU Davis, CS Mock, KE Bentz, BJ Bromilow, SM Bartell, NV Murray, BW Roe, AD Cooke, JEK AF Davis, C. S. Mock, K. E. Bentz, B. J. Bromilow, S. M. Bartell, N. V. Murray, B. W. Roe, A. D. Cooke, J. E. K. TI Isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus ponderosae; microsatellite; mountain pine beetle ID DNA AB We isolated 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) and developed conditions for amplifying these markers in four multiplex reactions. Three to 14 alleles were detected per locus across two sampled populations. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.902 and from 0.100 to 0.830, respectively. Three loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in one sampled population. One of these loci may be sex linked. These markers will be useful in the study of population structure in this important pest species. C1 [Davis, C. S.; Bromilow, S. M.; Roe, A. D.; Cooke, J. E. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Mock, K. E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Mock, K. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Bartell, N. V.] Univ No British Columbia, Nat Resources & Environm Studies Inst, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z, Canada. RP Davis, CS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, CW 405 Biol Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM cordavis@ualberta.ca RI Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011; Cooke, Janice /G-5906-2011; Murray, Brent/F-5031-2012; Roe, Amanda/A-3902-2013; Davis, Corey/I-4058-2014 OI Cooke, Janice /0000-0002-4990-628X; FU USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Government of Alberta through Genome Alberta FX The USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Government of Alberta through Genome Alberta, provided funding for this project. We thank N. A. Schable (SREL), T. C. Glenn (SREL), S. Dang (UA) and S. King-Jones (UA) for technical assistance, B. Jones, D. Edwards, S. Bourassa and E. Hunt for collecting D. ponderosae in Alberta, and F. Sperling, D. Coltman and M. Pfrender for supporting laboratory work and providing advice. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1073 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02579.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 443GC UT WOS:000265897200119 PM 21564842 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Pittman, HE Hager, T Hager, A Howard, L Prior, RL AF Wu, Xianli Pittman, Hoy E., III Hager, Tiffany Hager, Aaron Howard, Luke Prior, Ronald L. TI Phenolic acids in black raspberry and in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs following ingestion of black raspberry SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanin; Black raspberry; Phenolic acids; Protocatechuic acid ID COMPOUND PROTOCATECHUIC ACID; ANTHOCYANIN-RICH EXTRACTS; ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; COLON-CANCER CELLS; ESOPHAGEAL TUMORIGENESIS; MICROBIAL FERMENTATION; TUMOR-DEVELOPMENT; NATURAL-PRODUCT; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS AB Black raspberries (BRB) contain high levels of polyphenols and have been demonstrated to be chemopreventive. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism and study the metabolism of anthocyanins, pigs were fed freeze-dried BRB powder or purified diet ( control) and three segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (small intestine, cecum, and colon; 4 h after feeding) were collected for analysis of phenolic acids. Protocatechuic acid was the major phenolic acid (8.35 mg/100 g, dry weight (DW)) in BRB, followed by p-coumaric acid (1.63 mg/100 g, DW), caffeic acid (1.34 mg/100 g, DW), ferulic acid (0.24 mg/100 g, DW), and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (0.20 mg/100 g, DW). Recoveries of these five phenolic acids in the whole GI tract were 199.9 +/- 54.0%, 7.0 +/- 3.0%, 37.0 +/- 9.7%, 56.6 +/- 31.3%, and 916.8 +/- 642.3% (mean +/- SEM, n = 5), respectively, and quantities in contents of the GI tract ranged from 0.13 +/- 0.05 mu mol (p-coumaric acid) to 23.47 +/- 6.09 mu mol (protocatechuic acid) (mean +/- SEM, n = 5). Six other phenolic acids were detected primarily in the cecum and/or colon which were not in BRB, with total contents in the GI tract ranging from 0.18 +/- 0.18 mu mol (homovanillic acid) to 8.49 +/- 4.31 mu mol (homoprotocatechuic acid). Total phenolic acids in the GI tract were 49.32 +/- 16.37 mu mol (mean +/- SEM, n = 5). Phenolic acids measured in the GI tract accounted for only 6.31% of the degraded anthocyanins. C1 [Prior, Ronald L.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, USDA, ACNC, ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Hager, Tiffany; Howard, Luke] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Food Sci, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, USDA, ACNC, ARS, 1212 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 53 BP S76 EP S84 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200800231 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 515MI UT WOS:000271475300010 PM 19199287 ER PT J AU Bolton, MD AF Bolton, Melvin D. TI Primary Metabolism and Plant Defense-Fuel for the Fire SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; MUTANT ALBOSTRIANS SHOWS; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; CELL-WALL INVERTASE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; POWDERY MILDEW C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Bolton, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Melvin.Bolton@ars.usda.gov NR 171 TC 246 Z9 258 U1 8 U2 66 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.1094/MPMI-22-5-0487 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 430KA UT WOS:000264986800001 PM 19348567 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Ehrlich, KC Beltz, SB Harris-Coward, P Klich, MA AF Cary, J. W. Ehrlich, K. C. Beltz, S. B. Harris-Coward, P. Klich, M. A. TI Characterization of the Aspergillus ochraceoroseus aflatoxin/sterigmatocystin biosynthetic gene cluster SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus ochraceoroseus; Aspergillus rambellii; gene cluster; mycotoxin; sterigmatocystin ID AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SECTION FLAVI; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; NIDULANS; PARASITICUS; EVOLUTION; AFLR; RECOMBINATION; PRODUCER; BINDING AB Production of carcinogenic aflatoxins has been reported from members of Aspergillus section Flavi, Aspergillus section Nidulantes and a newly proposed Aspergillus section Ochraceorosei that consists of Aspergillus ochraceoroseus and A. rambellii. Unlike members of section Flavi, A. ochraceoroseus and A. rambellii have been shown to accumulate both aflatoxin (AF) and the aflatoxin precursor sterigmatocystin (ST). Alhough morphologically distinct. from A. nidulans, molecular characterization of A. ochraceorose,us AF/ST genes and physiological characteristics of AF/ST production indicated that A. ochraceoroseus is more closely related to A. nidulans than to A. flavus. Knowing that the A. nidulans ST gene cluster is organized differently from the A. flavus AF gene cluster, we determined the genetic organization of the AF/ST biosynthetic cluster in A. ochraceoroseus. Sequencing of overlapping lambda clones and genomic PCR fragments obtained by gene-walking techniques demonstrated that the A. ochraceoroseus AF/ST gene cluster is organized Much like the A. nidulans ST gene Cluster expect that the region from aflN to aflW is located directly upstream of aflC and in reverse orientation Such that aflW represents the distal end and aflY the proximal end of the cluster. The A. ochraceoroseus cluster genes demonstrated 62-76% nucleotide identity to their A. nidulans ST cluster gene homologs. Transformation of an A. nidulans aflR Mutant with the A. ochraceoroseus aflR restored ST production in A. nidulans transformants. PCR amplification of A. rembellii genomic DNA demonstrated that the AF/ST gene Cluster is organized in the same manner as that of A. ochraceoroseus. C1 [Cary, J. W.; Ehrlich, K. C.; Beltz, S. B.; Harris-Coward, P.; Klich, M. A.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Jeff.Cary@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 352 EP 362 DI 10.3852/08-173 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 453ON UT WOS:000266620300007 PM 19537208 ER PT J AU Horn, BW Moore, GG Carbone, I AF Horn, Bruce W. Moore, Geromy G. Carbone, Ignazio TI Sexual reproduction in Aspergillus flavus SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus alliaceus; Aspergillus parasiticus; heterothallism; Petromyces alliaceus; Petromyces flavus; Petromyces parasitucus; Trichocomaceae ID AFLATOXIN GENE-CLUSTER; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; SECTION FLAVI; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; A-TAMARII; PARASITICUS; DIVERSITY; FIELD; DNA; POPULATION AB Aspergillus flavus is the major producer Of carcinogenic aflatoxins in crops world vide and is also an important opportunistic human pathogen in aspergillosis. The sexual state of this heterothallic fungus is described from crosses between strains of the opposite mating type. Sexual reproduction occurred between sexually compatible strains belonging to different vegetative compatibility groups. Multiple, indehiscent ascocarps containing asci and ascospores formed within the pseudoparenchymatous matrix of stromata, which places the fungus in genus Petromyces. The teleomorph of P. flavus could not be distinguished from that of P. parasiticus (anamorph = A. parasiticus), another aflatoxin-producing Species, based on morphology of the sexual structures. The two species can be separated by anamorph morphology, mycotoxin profile and molecular characters. C1 [Horn, Bruce W.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Moore, Geromy G.; Carbone, Ignazio] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Horn, BW (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM bruce.horn@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35319-16126] FX We appreciate the help of Patricia Eckel who prepared the Latin diagnosis, Travis Walk and Michael Munster for technical assistance and Valerie Knowlton at the center for Electron Microscopy (NC State University) for assistance with the SEM. This work was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service to IC. (grant number 2005-35319-16126). NR 42 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 24 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.3852/09-011 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 453ON UT WOS:000266620300014 PM 19537215 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW AF Peterson, Stephen W. TI Aspergillus brevijanus SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 430 EP 430 DI 10.3852/08-151 PG 1 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 453ON UT WOS:000266620300015 ER PT J AU Dunn, PH Goos, RD Wang, CJK AF Dunn, Paul H. Goos, Roger D. Wang, C. J. K. TI Gladys Elizabeth Baker, 1908-2007 SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Dunn, Paul H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Goos, Roger D.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Wang, C. J. K.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Dunn, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM pdunn15@verizon.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 431 EP 435 DI 10.3852/08-226 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 453ON UT WOS:000266620300016 PM 19537216 ER PT J AU Cabanillas, HE Jones, WA AF Cabanillas, H. Enrique Jones, Walker A. TI Effects of Temperature and Culture Media on Vegetative Growth of an Entomopathogenic Fungus Isaria sp (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Naturally Affecting the Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci in Texas SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Isaria sp.; Paecilomyces; Silverleaf whitefly; Whiteflies; Aleyrodidae ID PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GERMINATION; LARVAE AB The effects of temperature and mycological media on mycelial growth and estimates of spore production of an indigenous entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria sp., found during natural epizootics on whiteflies in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, were investigated. The radial growth (mm/day) of Isaria sp. as a function of temperature fits a linear model; with faster growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract, SDAY slopes (0.23) than on Sabouraud maltose agar, SMA slopes (0.14) from 20 to 30A degrees C, with an optimal temperature of 30A degrees C (SDAY: 4.1 mm, SMA: 3.1 mm). Moderate growth occurred at 25A degrees C (SDAY: 3.4 mm, SMA: 2.7 mm). Growth was lowest at 20A degrees C (SDAY: 1.9 mm, SMA: 1.8 mm). No fungal growth was observed at 35A degrees C and 40A degrees C. However, when Isaria sp. was exposed to 35A degrees C for the first 7 days, it could recover and grow when transferred to 25A degrees C (SDAY: 3.5 mm, SMA: 2.8 mm). No recovery or growth occurred after transfer from 40A degrees C to 25A degrees C. The average conidial production on SDAY after 20 days incubation at 25A degrees C and a photoperiod of 14:10 h light: dark was 1.2 x 10(8) conidia/cm(2) with 100% spore viability. When compared on SDAY at 25A degrees C, the radial growth rate of I. javanica ex type CBS 134.22 (5.1 mm/day) was greater than seven Isaria isolates including Isaria sp.; but maximum growth rates were similar among all related Isaria isolates (90-97%). The Isaria sp. fungus tolerates high temperatures (35A degrees C), suggesting that it is naturally selected for the subtropical semi-arid environment, where it could serve as an important natural control agent of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B, one of the most invasive and economically damaging insects to agriculture. C1 [Cabanillas, H. Enrique] USDA ARS, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Cabanillas, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM humberto.cabanillas@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD MAY PY 2009 VL 167 IS 5 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s11046-008-9176-2 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 434XN UT WOS:000265307600003 PM 19125352 ER PT J AU Read, JJ Sistani, KR Oldham, JL Brink, GE AF Read, J. J. Sistani, K. R. Oldham, J. L. Brink, G. E. TI Double-cropping annual ryegrass and bermudagrass to reduce phosphorus levels in soil with history of poultry litter application SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Forage; Bermudagrass; Annual ryegrass; Broiler litter; Nutrient uptake; Soil phosphorus ID BROILER LITTER; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; RUNOFF; ACCUMULATION; COPPER; FIELD; ZINC AB Long-term application of poultry litter may result in excessively high soil phosphorus (P). This field study determined the potential of 'Coastal' bermudagrass overseeded with 'Marshall' annual ryegrass and harvested for hay to reduce the level of Mehlich-3 extractable P (M3-P) that had accumulated in a Savannah soil due to a 30-year history of broiler litter application to bermudagrass, as well as antecedent litter rates of 0, 4.48, 8.96, 17.9, and 35.8 Mg ha(-1) in 1999-2001. Following the cessation of litter, the plots were overseeded in fall 2001-2003 and fertilized in summer with 268 kg N ha(-1) as NH(4)NO(3). Applying 8.96 Mg ha(-1) litter significantly elevated M3-P in surface soil (0-15 cm depth) from about 183 to 263 mg kg(-1). Annual dry matter (DM) yield and P uptake generally increased as litter rate increased up to 17.9 Mg ha(-1). Analysis of M3-P at four sampling dates from October 2002 to April 2004 found no significant effect of forage system or its interaction with litter rate, and levels in both systems decreased by about 25, 27, 22, 26, and 29% at the five litter rates, respectively. Ryegrass-bermudagrass significantly increased DM yield and P uptake, but did not translate to reductions in M3-P, as compared to bermudagrass winter fallow. With no further litter additions and five harvests per year, both forage systems removed about 49 kg ha(-1) P with a DM yield of 15 Mg ha(-1) and reduced M3-P by about 26 mg kg(-1) annually. Bermudagrass performance is important in the remediation of high soil P. C1 [Read, J. J.] USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Oldham, J. L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Brink, G. E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Read, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM john.read@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 84 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10705-008-9229-4 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 434XP UT WOS:000265307800008 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Kalt, W Carey, AN Vinqvist-Tymchuk, M McDonald, J Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Kalt, Wilhelmina Carey, Amanda N. Vinqvist-Tymchuk, Melinda McDonald, Jane Joseph, James A. TI Plum juice, but not dried plum powder, is effective in mitigating cognitive deficits in aged rats SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Polyphenolics; Hydroxycinnamates; Antioxidant; Spatial memory and learning; Prunes; Anthocyanins; Chlorogenic ID DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTATION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; WATER-MAZE; MEMORY; POLYPHENOLICS AB Objective: Normal aging in animals and humans is accompanied by a decline in cognitive performance that is thought to be due to the long-term effects of oxidative stress and inflammation on neurologic processes. Previous findings have suggested that protection against age-related cognitive declines may be achieved by increasing the dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, especially those that are high in antioxidant activity, such as blueberries and strawberries. The objective of this study was to investigate supplementation with Prunes domestica L. in mitigating age-related deficits in cognitive function. Methods: We investigated the effects of supplementation with P. domestica L., consumed as a 2% dried plum (i.e., prune) powder or 100% plum juice for 8 wk, in mitigating age-related deficits in cognitive function in aged Fischer 344 rats. Results: Rats that drank plum juice from 19 to 21 mo of age had improved working memory in the Morris water maze, whereas rats fed dried plum powder were not different from the control group, possibly due to the smaller quantity of phenolics consumed in the powder group compared with the juice group. Conclusion: These results are discussed in relation to the amount and type of phenolics present in the plum products and in relation to other dietary intervention studies in which cognitive benefits have been reported. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Carey, Amanda N.; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kalt, Wilhelmina; Vinqvist-Tymchuk, Melinda; McDonald, Jane] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kentville Res Ctr, Kentville, NS, Canada. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.shukitthale@ars.usda.gov FU California Dried Plum Board (Sacramento, CA) FX Financial support was provided, in part, by the California Dried Plum Board (Sacramento, CA). NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2008.10.018 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 433HF UT WOS:000265194200011 PM 19097856 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay H. TI Limitations of current indicators of micronutrient status SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Public Health Nutrition/7th Congress de la Sociedad-Espanola de Nutricion Comunitaria CY SEP 28-30, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Nutr Comunitaria DE dietary diversity; fortification; micronutrient status; nutrition assessment ID TRIAL AB Assessment of micronutrient status is a major concern in public health nutrition, yet there are serious limitations to the indicators currently available. This paper presents the merits of these indicators along with their drawbacks, which include cost, lack of congruence between cutoffs denoting deficiency and adverse functional consequences, and inconsistent methods of evaluating the confounding effects of infections on micronutrient status indicators. Methods for assessing the functional consequences of micronutrient deficiencies are even less well developed; their usefulness would be enhanced by a greater focus on outcomes known to be influenced by deficiencies. Although there have been notable breakthroughs, further improvements in methods to assess micronutrient status are urgently needed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 67 IS 5 BP S21 EP S23 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00154.x PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 437TY UT WOS:000265511000006 PM 19453673 ER PT J AU Lawrence, MA Chai, WH Kara, R Rosenberg, IH Scott, J Tedstone, A AF Lawrence, Mark A. Chai, Weizhong Kara, Raija Rosenberg, Irwin H. Scott, John Tedstone, Alison TI Examination of selected national policies towards mandatory folic acid fortification SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Public Health Nutrition/7th Congress de la Sociedad-Espanola de Nutricion Comunitaria CY SEP 28-30, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Nutr Comunitaria DE folic acid; mandatory fortification; policy ID VITAMIN-B-12; FOLATE; PLASMA AB The purpose of this paper is to present an examination of the contrasting policies towards mandatory folic acid fortification in six countries from different regions of the world. Three questions are addressed: 1) What is the policy of the country? 2) Why was the policy adopted? 3) What lessons have been learned? Policy contrasts among countries were assessed as reflecting different interpretations of the potential risks and benefits associated with folic acid fortification. Although commonalities were identified, it was considered unlikely that there could be a standard policy response for all countries. Instead, a country-by-country policy response based on national circumstances is indicated. C1 [Lawrence, Mark A.] Deakin Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. [Chai, Weizhong] Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Human Nutr & Food Hyg, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kara, Raija] Natl Nutr Council, Helsinki, Finland. [Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Scott, John] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Biochem & Immunol, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Tedstone, Alison] Food Stand Agcy, Div Nutr, London, England. RP Lawrence, MA (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. EM mark.lawrence@deakin.edu.au NR 18 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 67 IS 5 BP S73 EP S78 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00164.x PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 437TY UT WOS:000265511000016 PM 19453684 ER PT J AU Chambers, JQ Robertson, AL Carneiro, VMC Lima, AJN Smith, ML Plourde, LC Higuchi, N AF Chambers, Jeffrey Q. Robertson, Amanda L. Carneiro, Vilany M. C. Lima, Adriano J. N. Smith, Marie-Louise Plourde, Lucie C. Higuchi, Niro TI Hyperspectral remote detection of niche partitioning among canopy trees driven by blowdown gap disturbances in the Central Amazon SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Competitor-colonizer; Dispersal; Ecosystem; Mosaic; Forest; Tropical ID TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; NEUTRAL THEORY; WOOD DENSITY; BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BETA-DIVERSITY; EO-1 HYPERION; CARBON AB Advanced recruitment and neutral processes play important roles in determining tree species composition in tropical forest canopy gaps, with few gaps experiencing clear secondary successional processes. However, most studies are limited to the relatively limited spatial scales provided by forest inventory plots, and investigations over the entire range of gap size are needed to better understand how ecological processes vary with tree mortality events. This study employed a landscape approach to test the hypothesis that tree species composition and forest structural attributes differ between large blowdown gaps and relatively undisturbed primary forest. Spectral mixture analysis on hyperspectral satellite imagery was employed to direct field sampling to widely distributed sites, and blowdown plots were compared with undisturbed primary forest plots. Tree species composition and forest structural attributes differed markedly between gap and non-gap sites, providing evidence of niche partitioning in response to disturbance across the region. Large gaps were dominated by classic Neotropical pioneer genera such as Cecropia and Vismia, and average tree size was significantly smaller. Mean wood density of trees recovering in large gaps (0.55 g cm(-3)) was significantly lower than in primary forest plots (0.71 g cm(-3)), a difference similar to that found when comparing less dynamic (i.e., tree recruitment, growth, and mortality) Central Amazon forests with more dynamic Western Amazon forests. Based on results, we hypothesize that the importance of neutral processes weaken, and niche processes strengthen, in determining community assembly along a gradient in gap size and tree mortality intensity. Over evolutionary time scales, pervasive dispersal among colonizers could result in the loss of tree diversity in the pioneer guild through competitive exclusion. Results also underscore the importance of considering disturbance processes across the landscape when addressing forest carbon balance. C1 [Chambers, Jeffrey Q.; Robertson, Amanda L.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Carneiro, Vilany M. C.; Lima, Adriano J. N.; Higuchi, Niro] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Smith, Marie-Louise] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Plourde, Lucie C.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Chambers, JQ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM chambers@tulane.edu RI Chambers, Jeffrey/J-9021-2014 OI Chambers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3983-7847 FU NASA's [CD- 34]; INPA in Brazil; Tulane University FX We thank Jerome Chave, Doug Yu, Kyle Harms, and three anonymous reviewers for comments and discussions on earlier versions of this manuscript, and Richard Campanella for assistance with image processing. Research was supported by NASA's LBA- ECO grant CD- 34, Weld assistants and colleagues at INPA in Brazil, and Tulane University's Research Enhancement Fund. All research activities conducted within Brazil complied with current laws and regulations. NR 68 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2009 VL 160 IS 1 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1274-9 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431YK UT WOS:000265100500011 PM 19194726 ER PT J AU Shim, JH Pendall, E Morgan, JA Ojima, DS AF Shim, Jee H. Pendall, Elise Morgan, Jack A. Ojima, Dennis S. TI Wetting and drying cycles drive variations in the stable carbon isotope ratio of respired carbon dioxide in semi-arid grassland SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Carbon cycle; Carbon isotope; Isotope partitioning; Plant functional type; Precipitation pulses ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; PRECIPITATION PULSES; PLANT-RESPONSES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER RELATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL-WATER; DELTA-C-13 AB In semi-arid regions, where plants using both C(3) and C(4) photosynthetic pathways are common, the stable C isotope ratio (delta(13)C) of ecosystem respiration (delta(13)C(R)) is strongly variable seasonally and inter-annually. Improved understanding of physiological and environmental controls over these variations will improve C cycle models that rely on the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO(2). We hypothesized that timing of precipitation events and antecedent moisture interact with activity of C(3) and C(4) grasses to determine net ecosystem CO(2) exchange (NEE) and delta(13)C(R). Field measurements included CO(2) and delta(13)C fluxes from the whole ecosystem and from patches of different plant communities, biomass and delta(13)C of plants and soils over the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons. NEE shifted from C source to sink in response to rainfall events, but this shift occurred after a time lag of up to 2 weeks if a dry period preceded the rainfall. The seasonal average of delta(13)C(R) was higher in 2000 (-16aEuro degrees) than 2001 (20aEuro degrees), probably due to drier conditions during the 2000 growing season (79.7 mm of precipitation from April up to and including July) than in 2001 (189 mm). During moist conditions, delta(13)C averaged -22aEuro degrees from C(3) patches, -16aEuro degrees from C(4) patches, and -19aEuro degrees from mixed C(3) and C(4) patches. However, during dry conditions the apparent spatial differences were not obvious, suggesting reduced autotrophic activity in C(4) grasses with shallow rooting depth, soon after the onset of dry conditions. Air and soil temperatures were negatively correlated with delta(13)C(R); vapor pressure deficit was a poor predictor of delta(13)C(R), in contrast to more mesic ecosystems. Responses of respiration components to precipitation pulses were explained by differences in soil moisture thresholds between C(3) and C(4) species. Stable isotopic composition of respiration in semi-arid ecosystems is more temporally and spatially variable than in mesic ecosystems owing to dynamic aspects of pulse precipitation episodes and biological drivers. C1 [Pendall, Elise] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pendall, Elise] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Shim, Jee H.; Ojima, Dennis S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shim, Jee H.; Ojima, Dennis S.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morgan, Jack A.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Pendall, E (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM Pendall@uwyo.edu RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; OI Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969 FU National Science Foundation (NSF)-IRC [DEB-9977066 001, NSF NNGO4GH63G]; Biological and Environmental Research Program; U. S. Department of Energy; National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreement [DE-FC03-90ER61010] FX The authors thank Pieter Tans and Jim White for providing flask CO2 concentration and isotope measurements, and Arvin Mosier for providing access to a gas chromatograph. We are very grateful to D. R. LeCain and D. Smith for providing plant biomass and micrometeorological data. David Williams and two thoughtful reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. This work was supported, in part, by funding from grant National Science Foundation (NSF)-IRC DEB-9977066 001 and grant NSF NNGO4GH63G, and the Biological and Environmental Research Program, U. S. Department of Energy, through the Great Plains Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC03-90ER61010. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2009 VL 160 IS 2 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1302-4 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 444WI UT WOS:000266010700012 PM 19259704 ER PT J AU Desneux, N Barta, RJ Hoelmer, KA Hopper, KR Heimpel, GE AF Desneux, Nicolas Barta, Ruth J. Hoelmer, Kim A. Hopper, Keith R. Heimpel, George E. TI Multifaceted determinants of host specificity in an aphid parasitoid SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Host range; Specialization; Preference-performance hypothesis; Oviposition; Binodoxys communis ID APHELINUS-ASYCHIS HYMENOPTERA; SELECTION BEHAVIOR; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DNA-SEQUENCES; PEA APHID; RESISTANCE AB The host specificity of insect parasitoids and herbivores is thought to be shaped by a suite of traits that mediate host acceptance and host suitability. We conducted laboratory experiments to identify mechanisms shaping the host specificity of the aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis. Twenty species of aphids were exposed to B. communis females in microcosms, and detailed observations and rearing studies of 15 of these species were done to determine whether patterns of host use resulted from variation in factors such as host acceptance or variation in host suitability. Six species of aphids exposed to B. communis showed no signs of parasitism. Four of these species were not recognized as hosts and two effectively defended themselves from attack by B. communis. Other aphid species into which parasitoids laid eggs had low suitability as hosts. Parasitoid mortality occurred in the egg or early larval stages for some of these hosts but for others it occurred in late larval stages. Two hypotheses explaining low suitability were investigated in separate experiments: the presence of endosymbiotic bacteria conferring resistance to parasitoids, and aphids feeding on toxic plants. An association between resistance and endosymbiont infection was found in one species (Aphis craccivora), and evidence for the toxic plant hypothesis was found for the milkweed aphids Aphis asclepiadis and Aphis nerii. This research highlights the multifaceted nature of factors determining host specificity in parasitoids. C1 [Desneux, Nicolas] INRA, Unite Rech Integrees Hort, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Desneux, Nicolas; Barta, Ruth J.; Heimpel, George E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hoelmer, Kim A.; Hopper, Keith R.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Desneux, N (reprint author), INRA, Unite Rech Integrees Hort, 400 Route Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. EM nicolas.desneux@sophia.inra.fr RI Desneux, Nicolas/J-6262-2013 FU USDA-RAMP; North Central Soybean Research Council; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Jacques Brodeur, Martha Hunter, Zeynep Sezen for comments on the manuscript, and Nancy Fares, Burke Bourne and Edwige Desneux for technical assistance. This work was funded in part by a USDA-RAMP project, in part by the North Central Soybean Research Council, and in part by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 60 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2009 VL 160 IS 2 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1289-x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 444WI UT WOS:000266010700018 PM 19219460 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Milton, RC Klein, R Gensler, G Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Milton, Roy C. Klein, Ronald Gensler, Gary Taylor, Allen TI Dietary Compound Score and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCEMIC INDEX; CLINICAL-TRIAL; CARBOHYDRATE; MODEL; SUPPLEMENTATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; CURVE; AREDS AB Purpose: Because foods provide many nutrients that may interact to modify risk for multifactorial diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), we sought to develop a composite scoring system to summarize the combined effect of multiple dietary nutrients on AMD risk. This has not been done previously. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: From the 4003 participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), there were 7,934 eyes included in this study. Methods: Considering dietary intakes of vitamins C and E, zinc, lutein/zeaxanthin, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and low-dietary glycemic index (dGI) from AREDS baseline information, we assigned each nutrient a percentile rank score then summed them into a compound score for each participant. Using eye as the unit of analysis, we evaluated the association between the compound score and risk of prevalent AMD. Validation, fitness, and performance of the model were evaluated using bootstrapping techniques, adjusted quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion, and the c-index, respectively. Main Outcome Measures: Stereoscopic fundus photographs of the macula were taken and graded at baseline using the AREDS protocol and AMD Classification System. Results: Our results showed that higher compound scores were associated with lower risk for early AMD, indicated by drusen, and advanced AMD. Validation analyses indicated that these relationships are robust (the average 50-time bootstrapping per quartile odds ratios = 0.727, 0.827, and 0.753, respectively, for drusen, and 0.616, 0.536, and 0.572, respectively, for advanced AMD). Model selection analyses suggested that the compound score should be included, but that measures of dietary beta-carotene should not be included. Conclusions: We found that consuming diets that provide low dGI and higher intakes of these nutrients were associated with the greatest reduction in risk for prevalent drusen and advanced AMD, whereas dietary beta-carotene did not affect these relationships. These findings warrant further prospective studies. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references. Ophthalmology 2009;116:939-946 (C) 2009 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 [Chiu, Chung-Jung; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Ophthalmol,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Milton, Roy C.; Gensler, Gary] EMMES Corp, AREDS Coordinating Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. [Klein, Ronald] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Chiu, CJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Ophthalmol,Sch Med, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM cj.chiu@tufts.edu OI Klein, Ronald/0000-0002-4428-6237 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture, National Institutes of Health [1950-5100-060-01A, R01-13250, R03-EY014183-01A2]; Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving Program; American Health Assistance Foundation FX Financial support for this project has been provided by the U. S. Department of Agriculture under agreements, 1950-5100-060-01A (C-JC, AT) and R01-13250 and R03-EY014183-01A2 from the National Institutes of Health (AT); grants (AT) from the Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving Program and American Health Assistance Foundation, and to C-JC from the Ross Aging Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 116 IS 5 BP 939 EP 946 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.12.025 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 508DI UT WOS:000270907500019 PM 19410952 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Moura, L Majumdar, D Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Kwok, OCH Kelly, P Krecek, RC Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Moura, L. Majumdar, D. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Kwok, O. C. H. Kelly, P. Krecek, R. C. Su, C. TI Isolation and characterization of viable Toxoplasma gondii isolates revealed possible high frequency of mixed infection in feral cats (Fells domesticus) from St Kitts, West Indies SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Felis domesticus; Feral; St Kitts; West Indies; genotype ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; SAO-PAULO; BRAZIL; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; STATE AB Cats are essential in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii because the, are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally, resistant oocysts in nature. Samples of serum, feces, and tissues from feral cats from St Kitts, E,test Indies were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test, and found in 71 of 96 (73.9%,) of cats with titres of 1 : 10 in six, 1 : 20 in six, l : 40 in seven, 1 : 80 in three, 1 : 160 in 10, 1 : 320 in 13, 1 : 640 in nine, and 1 : 1,280 or higher in 17. Tissues Of 10 cats were bio-assayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of 7 cats; from hearts of 6, from tongue of 5, and brains of 3 cats. All 7 isolates were avirulent for mice. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were not found in the feces of 51 cats. Genotyping of these 7 T. gondii isolates by 10 multi-locus PCR-RFLP markers, including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and an apicoplast marker, Apico, revealed 4 genotypes, including clonal Type II, Type II and 2 unique genotypes. Five of the 7 cats had infection with 2 genotypes, indicating high frequency of mixed infection in the cat population on the St Kitts island. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Sundar, N.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Kwok, O. C. H.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Moura, L.; Kelly, P.; Krecek, R. C.] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi. [Majumdar, D.; Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Krecek, R. C.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Zool, Auckland Pk 2006, South Africa. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 FU Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM) FX This project was funded in part by Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM). We thank the RUSVM Diagnostics Research Laboratory for preparing all samples, and Cassandra Benjamin, Jaime Thurk, Tanva Miller, Giscle Roy and Tiffany Caudill for technical help. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 136 IS 6 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1017/S0031182009006015 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 454AB UT WOS:000266652900002 PM 19402949 ER PT J AU Castillo, L Carcillo, J AF Castillo, Leticia Carcillo, Joseph TI Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and severe sepsis/systemic inflammatory response syndrome/multiorgan dysfunction syndrome/macrophage activation syndrome share common intermediate phenotypes on a spectrum of inflammation SO PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; sepsis; systemic inflammatory response syndrome; multiorgan dysfunction syndrome; macrophage activation syndrome ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS; NATURAL-KILLER; SEPTIC SHOCK; FERRITIN LEVELS; SOLUBLE CD163; T-CELLS; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB In an effort to attain earlier diagnoses in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), the International Histiocyte Society has now broadened their diagnostic criteria to no longer differentiate primary (HLH) and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH). Five of the following eight diagnostic criteria needed to be met: 1) fever, 2) cytopenia of two lines, 3) hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia, 4) hyperferritinemia (>500 mu g/L), 5) hemophagocytosis, 6) elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor (C025), 7) decreased natural killer-cell activity, and 8) splenomegaly can also commonly be found in patients with sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Nevertheless, the therapeutic options for these are radically different. Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant have been used for treatment of HLH/SHLH, whereas antibiotics and supportive treatment are used in severe sepsis/SIRS and MODS. MAS is treated with limited immune suppression. Outcomes are also different, SHLH has a mortality rate around 50%, whereas pediatric septic shock and MODS have a mortality of 10.3% and 18%, respectively, and severe sepsis in previously healthy children has a mortality rate of 2%. MAS has a mortality rate between 8% and 22%. Because SHLH and severe sepsis/SIRS/MODS/MAS share clinical and laboratory inflammatory phenotypes, we recommend extreme caution when considering applying HLH therapies to children with sepsis/SIRS/MODS/MAS. HLH therapies are clearly warranted for children with HLH; however, a quantitative functional estimate of cytotoxic lymphocyte function may be a more precise approach to define the overlap of these conditions, better identity these processes, and develop novel therapeutic protocols that may lead to improved treatments and outcomes. (Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009; 10:387-392) C1 [Castillo, Leticia] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Crit Care Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Castillo, Leticia] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Carcillo, Joseph] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Crit Care Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Castillo, L (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Crit Care Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM lcastill@BCM.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-62363] NR 92 TC 81 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1529-7535 J9 PEDIATR CRIT CARE ME JI Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181a1ae08 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Pediatrics SC General & Internal Medicine; Pediatrics GA 444YG UT WOS:000266016200018 PM 19325510 ER PT J AU Kwak, YS Bakker, PAHM Glandorf, DCM Rice, JT Paulitz, TC Weller, DM AF Kwak, Youn-Sig Bakker, Peter A. H. M. Glandorf, Debora C. M. Rice, Jennifer T. Paulitz, Timothy C. Weller, David M. TI Diversity, Virulence, and 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Sensitivity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Isolates from Washington State SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Pseudomonas fluorescens; take-all ID TAKE-ALL FUNGUS; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS SPP.; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RIBOSOMAL DNA; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; RHIZOSPHERE AB We determined whether isolates of the take-all pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici become less sensitive to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) during wheat monoculture as a result of exposure to the antibiotic over multiple growing seasons. Isolates of G. graminis var. tritici were baited from roots of native grasses collected from noncropped fields and from roots of wheat from fields with different cropping histories near Lind, Ritzville, Pullman, and Almota, WA. Isolates were characterized by using morphological traits, G. graminis variety-specific polymerase chain reaction and pathogenicity tests. The sensitivity of G. graminis var. tritici isolates to 2,4-DAPG was determined by measuring radial growth of each isolate. The 90% effective dose value was 3.1 to 4.4 mu g ml(-1) for 2,4-DAPG-sensitive isolates, 4.5 to 6.1 mu g ml(-1) for moderately sensitive isolates, and 6.2 to 11.1 mu g ml(-1) for less sensitive isolates. Sensitivity of G. graminis var. tritici isolates to 2,4-DAPG was normally distributed in all fields and was not correlated with geographic origin or cropping history of the field. There was no correlation between virulence on wheat and geographical origin, or virulence and sensitivity to 2,4-DAPG. These results indicate that G. graminis var. tritici does not become less sensitive to 2,4-DAPG during extended wheat monoculture. C1 [Kwak, Youn-Sig; Rice, Jennifer T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bakker, Peter A. H. M.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Biol, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Glandorf, Debora C. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Expert Ctr Subst, GMO Off, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Paulitz, Timothy C.; Weller, David M.] ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@wsu.edu RI Bakker, Peter/B-9355-2011; Utrecht Univ., PMI/G-9549-2011; OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-5-0472 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 430HI UT WOS:000264979600001 PM 19351242 ER PT J AU Sechler, A Schuenzel, EL Cooke, P Donnua, S Thaveechai, N Postnikova, E Stone, AL Schneider, WL Damsteegt, VD Schaad, NW AF Sechler, A. Schuenzel, E. L. Cooke, P. Donnua, S. Thaveechai, N. Postnikova, E. Stone, A. L. Schneider, W. L. Damsteegt, V. D. Schaad, N. W. TI Cultivation of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca. L. africanus', and 'Ca. L. americanus' Associated with Huanglongbing SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE greening ID SAO-PAULO; AXENIC CULTURE; PURE CULTURE; CITRUS; BACTERIA; DISEASE; PATHOGENICITY; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION C1 [Sechler, A.; Schuenzel, E. L.; Postnikova, E.; Stone, A. L.; Schneider, W. L.; Damsteegt, V. D.; Schaad, N. W.] USDA ARS, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Cooke, P.] USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Donnua, S.; Thaveechai, N.] Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 57 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-5-0480 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 430HI UT WOS:000264979600002 PM 19351243 ER PT J AU Pfender, W AF Pfender, W. TI A Damage Function for Stem Rust of Perennial Ryegrass Seed Crops SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE azoxystrobin; Lolium perenne; propiconazole; Puccinia graminis subsp graminicola ID GREEN LEAF-AREA; DISEASE; YIELD; WHEAT; LOSSES; GROWTH; DEFOLIATION; MANAGEMENT; FUNGICIDES; COMPONENTS C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, W (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 498 EP 505 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-5-0498 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 430HI UT WOS:000264979600004 PM 19351245 ER PT J AU Pusey, PL Stockwell, VO Mazzola, M AF Pusey, P. Lawrence Stockwell, Virginia O. Mazzola, Mark TI Epiphytic Bacteria and Yeasts on Apple Blossoms and Their Potential as Antagonists of Erwinia amylovora SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIRE BLIGHT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ICE NUCLEATION; PEAR BLOSSOMS; HERBICOLA; MICROORGANISMS; COLONIZATION C1 [Pusey, P. Lawrence; Mazzola, Mark] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Stockwell, Virginia O.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM larry.pusey@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 571 EP 581 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-5-0571 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 430HI UT WOS:000264979600012 PM 19351253 ER PT J AU Vengadesan, G Pijut, PM AF Vengadesan, G. Pijut, Paula M. TI Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Embryogenic callus; Germination; Maturation; Oak; Somatic embryos ID SUBER L.; ROBUR L; VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION; ASEXUAL EMBRYOGENESIS; EMBRYO GERMINATION; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; IMMATURE EMBRYOS; PICEA-GLAUCA; INDUCTION; CULTURES AB A somatic embryogenesis protocol for plant regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) was established from immature cotyledon explants. Embryogenic callus cultures were induced on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel (TM), and various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) after 4 weeks of culture in darkness. A higher response (66%) of embryogenic callus was induced on 0.45 mu M 2,4-d. Higher numbers of globular- (31), heart- (17), torpedo- (12), and cotyledon-stage (8) embryos per explant were obtained by culturing embryogenic callus on MS with 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel (TM), and devoid of growth regulators after 8 weeks culture in darkness. Continuous sub-culturing of embryogenic callus on medium containing 2,4-d yielded only compact callus. Desiccation of embryos for 3 days in darkness at 25 +/- A 2A degrees C followed by cold storage at 4A degrees C in darkness for 8 weeks favored embryo germination and development of plantlets. Cotyledon-stage embryos subjected to desiccation and chilling treatment cultured on MS with 3% sucrose, 0.24 Phytagel (TM), 0.44 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and 0.29 mu M gibberellic acid germinated at a higher frequency (61%) than with 0.44 mu M BA alone and control cultures. Germinated plantlets developed a shoot and root, were acclimatized successfully, and maintained in a growth room for plantlet development. C1 [Vengadesan, G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pijut, Paula M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, HTIRC, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@purdue.edu RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 FU van Eck Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the van Eck Foundation for Purdue University for providing financial support. We gratefully acknowledge Drs. Wagner A. Vendrame and Eva Wilhelm, and Gisele Andrade for their constructive review and suggestions for improvement of this manuscript; and Jim McKenna and Dr. Francis Salifu (HTIRC, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University) for their valuable assistance in gathering acorns and statistical analysis, respectively. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 97 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s11240-009-9508-z PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 428IV UT WOS:000264842100003 ER PT J AU Smigocki, AC Puthoff, DP Zuzga, S Ivic-Haymes, SD AF Smigocki, A. C. Puthoff, D. P. Zuzga, S. Ivic-Haymes, S. D. TI Low efficiency processing of an insecticidal Nicotiana proteinase inhibitor precursor in Beta vulgaris hairy roots SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; Proteinase inhibitor; A. rhizogenes; NaPI gene; Hairy root culture ID CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SERINE PROTEINASES; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; ORYZACYSTATIN-II; PEST RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; LARVAL MIDGUT; ALATA AB We report on the transformation and expression in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) hairy roots of a Nicotiana alata NaPI gene encoding a serine proteinase inhibitor (PI) that has been shown to effectively reduce the population of a number of insect pests. Using in-gel analysis, two PI protein activities were detected at approximately 24- and/or 28-kDa in hairy roots generated via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated gene transfer. Immunoblot analysis revealed the presence of the expected similar to 40 kDa precursor, and in some transformants, a similar to 20 kDa processing intermediate and the mature 6-kDa PIs. In general, processing of the precursor in the clonal lines was reduced or not detected. The reduced efficiency of post-translational processing of the N. alata PI precursor may be attributed to modification and/or altered folding of the recombinant protein or distinct post-translational machinery functioning in sugar beet hairy roots and Nicotiana. C1 [Smigocki, A. C.; Puthoff, D. P.; Zuzga, S.; Ivic-Haymes, S. D.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smigocki, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, BARC W B-004,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ann.Smigocki@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 97 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s11240-009-9512-3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 428IV UT WOS:000264842100006 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, JN Bristow, PR Windom, GE Walters, TW AF Pinkerton, J. N. Bristow, P. R. Windom, G. E. Walters, T. W. TI Soil Solarization as a Component of an Integrated Program for Control of Raspberry Root Rot SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOILBORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS; PHYTOPHTHORA-FRAGARIAE OOSPORES; RED RASPBERRY; THERMAL INACTIVATION; COVER CROPS; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; CINNAMOMI; SURVIVAL; ERYTHROSEPTICA AB Field and growth chamber studies were conducted during 2000 to 2005 to determine the efficacy of soil solarization for the control of Phytophthora root rot of raspberry (PRR). The exposure time that was lethal to Phytophthora rubi cultures of V8 juice agar plates was evaluated at intervals up to 240 h and at a range of temperature from 20 to 35 degrees Colonies incubated at 20 and 25 degrees C nearly covered the plates in 240 h, while radial growth slowed at 27 degrees C and ceased at temperatures >= 29 degrees C. The exposure times required to kill P. rubi were estimated to be 222 h at 29 degrees C, 168 h at 31 degrees C. The exposure times required to kill P. rubi were estimated to be 222 h at 29 degrees C, 168 h at 31 degrees C, 108 h at 33 degrees C, and 52 h at 35 degrees C. Previous exposure to shorter durations at temperature >= 29 degrees C slowed growth of colonies when they later were incubated at 20 degrees C. Field trials were established in 2000 and 2003 at three locations in Washington State to evaluate soil solarization for the management of PRR. Cumulative hours with soil temperature >29 degrees C at 30 cm soil depth in solarized plots exceeded 200 h in each trials. In the 2000 trial, combination of solarization, bed sharpe, and amendments of gypsum were evaluated. Over the 3 years after planting PRR-susceptible raspberry 'Malahat' and 'Willamette', primocane growth and survival were greater (P < 0.05) in raised bed plots that were solarized than in solarized and nonsolarized flat bed plots or hilled bed plots with gypsum. In 2003, trials were initiated to evaluate solarization in combination with applications of mefenoxam and fosetyl-Al. In 2004, solarization increased (P < 0.05) primocane growth of 'Malahat' and 'Qualicum' raspberries at both locations compared to application of fungicides alone and nontreated control plots. At both locations in 2005. density and growth of 'Qualicum' primocanes were greatest in solarized plots, while canes in solarized and fungicide only plots of 'Malahat' were similar. Incidence of diseased canes was lowest in plots that received fungicides. Primocane survival and fruit yields were very low at both locations in the third season because of favorable conditions for PRR and plant stress in late spring. These results indicate that soil solarization can be an effective component of integrated management of PRR in the Pacific Northwest, especially when combined with raised beds and gypsum amendments. C1 [Pinkerton, J. N.] USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bristow, P. R.; Windom, G. E.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Walters, T. W.] WSU Mt Vernon NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. RP Pinkerton, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Jack.Pinkerton@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Walters, Thomas/G-1348-2010 OI Walters, Thomas/0000-0002-2938-8542 FU USDA Northwest Center; Sakurna Bros; Farms Inc., Burlington, WA FX We thank Tim Lair, Charles Hand, and Megan Kitner for technical assistance with aspects of this research. The research was funded in part by USDA Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research. Raspberry plants were provided gratis by Sakurna Bros. Farms Inc., Burlington, WA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 93 IS 5 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0452 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446OL UT WOS:000266130800002 ER PT J AU Shishkoff, N AF Shishkoff, Nina TI Propagule Production by Phytophthora ramorum on Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) Leaf Tissue Left on the Surface of Potting Mix in Nursery Pots SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RHODODENDRON; SURVIVAL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PARASITICA; INFECTION; PATHOGEN; DIEBACK; ROOTS; SOILS AB Lilac leaf tissue infected with Phytophthora ramorum was placed on top of potting mix in pots and exposed to different watering regimes or different temperatures to determine if it could serve as a source of inoculum. If pieces of infected leaf were placed in pots containing healthy lilac plants kept under constantly moist conditions or under twice-a-day trickle irrigation for 1 month, inoculum production from infected tissue declined for the first 4 days but declined significantly less steeply under constantly moist conditions. At the end of the experiment, 28% of plants exposed to moist conditions developed root infections, whereas only 6% exposed to trickle irrigation did. If infected leaf pieces were placed on the surface of potting mix in pots containing lilacs and watered for 5 min one, two, or three times a day, inoculum production in the first 4 days declined but declined significantly more slowly in pots watered three times a day. If 0 to 16 leaf pieces were placed on the surface of potting mix in pots containing healthy lilacs under constantly moist conditions, leaf number significantly influenced the incidence of root infection. The effect of temperature was more difficult to quantify. At 10 or 15 degrees C, propagules included zoospores whereas, at 20 or 25 degrees C, they were predominantly sporangia. These results confirm the importance of detached leaves as inoculum producers under greenhouse conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Shishkoff, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM Nina.Shishkoff@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 93 IS 5 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0475 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446OL UT WOS:000266130800005 ER PT J AU Njoroge, SMC Kabir, Z Martin, FN Koike, ST Subbarao, KV AF Njoroge, Samuel M. C. Kabir, Zahangir Martin, Frank N. Koike, Steven T. Subbarao, Krishna V. TI Comparison of Crop Rotation for Verticillium Wilt Management and Effect on Pythium Species in Conventional and Organic Strawberry Production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; DAHLIAE MICROSCLEROTIA; CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; BROCCOLI RESIDUE; SOIL; CAULIFLOWER; AMENDMENT; DISEASES; SPP.; IRRIGATION AB The effects of broccoli and lettuce rotations on population densities of Verticillium dahliae and Pythium spp. in soil and oil strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) growth, yield. and Verticillium wilt were evaluated in conventional and organic production systems in California for 2 years. Under both management systems, strawberry was planted after two successive crops of broccoli or lettuce. The control treatment in the conventional field was strawberry planted in soils fumigated with methyl bromide + chloropicrin. Preplant densities of V. dahliae and Pythium sp. did not differ in these fields. At the end of the second broccoli crop, V dahliae densities ill conventional plots had declined by 44% in both years. In contrast, after the second broccoli crop. densities in organic fields decreased 47% in 2000 and 25% in 2001. In general, there were no differences in V dahliae inoculum densities in organic and conventional Plots following lettuce rotations. After the second vegetable production cycle. Population densities of V dahliae in broccoli rotated organic (24 CFU/g of soil in 2000 and 27 CFU/g of soil in 2001) or conventional (23 CFU/g of soil in 2000 and 19 CFU/g of soil in 2001) fields were significantly lower than those in lettuce rotated organic (40 CFU/g of soil in 2000 and 42 CFU/g of soil in 2001) or conventional (39 CFU/g of soil in 2000 and 35 CFU/g of soil in 2001) fields. However, crop rotation treatments had no consistent effect on the inoculum densities of Pythium spp. Canopy diameters of strawberry plants grown in rotation with broccoli were not different from those in fumigated control plots, whereas those from lettuce plots were 10% smaller. Strawberry plant nutrient analysis showed that fertilizer inputs into organic or conventional production Were not responsible for the observed differences in plant size. Increases in Strawberry yields were not consistent between years. Verticillium wilt incidence oil strawberry was 122 to 24% lower ill fields rotated with broccoli compared with fields rotated with lettuce. Wilt severity oil strawberry was 22 to 36% lower in Fields rotated with broccoli compared with those rotated with lettuce. The strategy of using broccoli rotation coupled with postharvest incorporation of broccoli residue continues to show promise as a tool the management of Verticillium wilt in both conventional and organic strawberry production systems. C1 [Njoroge, Samuel M. C.; Kabir, Zahangir; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Martin, Frank N.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Koike, Steven T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU USDA-SARE; California Department of Food and Agriculture FX The funding provided by USDA-SARE and the California Department of Food and Agriculture - Department of Pesticide Regulation is gratefully acknolwedged. The Califronia Strawberry Commission, Coastal Berries, and Golden Field Green house provided material support for this project. We are grateful to Frank Westerlund for suggestions throughout this study. We thank Stuart Yamamoto for managing the strawberry crops. C. Blackford, T. Price. M.E. Abarca, and M. Orozco for technical assistance, and Mark Bolda for discussions on strawberry plant nutrient data. We also thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions have significantly improved the manuscript. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 93 IS 5 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0519 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446OL UT WOS:000266130800012 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, J. A. Long, D. L. Hughes, M. E. TI Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2007 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; SPRING WHEAT; VIRULENCE; GENETICS; CANADA; CULTIVARS; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB In 2007, leaf rust of wheat was severe throughout the Great Plains re-ion of North America. Yield losses in wheat due to leaf rust were estimated to he 14% in Kansas. Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, Southeast, California, and Washing-ton State in Order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2007. Single uredinial isolates (868 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1. Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka. Lr11. Lr17a, Lr30, LrB. Lr10, Lr14a. Lr18, Lr21, and Lr28, and on winter wheat lines with lines Lr41 and Lr42. Fifty-two virulence phenotypes were found. Virulence phenotypes TDBJG, MFPSC, and TDBJH were among the four most common phenotypes and were all Virulent to resistance gene Lr24. These phenotypes were found throughout the Great Plains region. Phenotype MLDSD. with virulence to Lr9, Lr17, and Lr41, was also widely distributed in the Great Plains. In the soft red winter wheat region of the Southeastern states, phenotypes TCRKG. with virulence to genes Lr11, Lr26, and Lr18, and MFGJH. with virulence to Lr24, Lr26, and Lr11, were among the common phenotypes. Virulence phenotypes with virulence to Lr16 were roost frequent in the spring wheat region of the northern Great Plains. Virulence phenotypes with virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 were most common in the soft red winter areas of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley. Virulence to Lr21 was not found in any of the tested isolates. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.; Long, D. L.; Hughes, M. E.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 20 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 93 IS 5 BP 538 EP 544 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0538 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446OL UT WOS:000266130800015 ER PT J AU Valiunas, D Jomantiene, R Ivanauskas, A Abraitis, R Staniene, G Zhao, Y Davis, RE AF Valiunas, D. Jomantiene, R. Ivanauskas, A. Abraitis, R. Staniene, G. Zhao, Y. Davis, R. E. TI First Report of a New Phytoplasma Subgroup, 16SrIII-T, Associated with Decline Disease Affecting Sweet and Sour Cherry Trees in Lithuania. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Valiunas, D.; Jomantiene, R.; Ivanauskas, A.] Inst Bot, Phytovirus Lab, Mol Plant Pathol Grp, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Abraitis, R.] Inst Biotechnol, Eukaryote Genet Engn Lab, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Staniene, G.] Inst Hort, Plant Biotechnol Lab, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania. [Zhao, Y.; Davis, R. E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Valiunas, D (reprint author), Inst Bot, Phytovirus Lab, Mol Plant Pathol Grp, Zaliujuezeru 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 93 IS 5 BP 550 EP 550 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0550B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446OL UT WOS:000266130800031 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Bester, G AF Crosslin, J. M. Bester, G. TI First Report of 'Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous' in Zebra Chip Symptomatic Potatoes from California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Bester, G.] Frito Lay Inc, Plano, TX 75024 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 93 IS 5 BP 551 EP 551 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0551B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446OL UT WOS:000266130800034 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Sengoda, VG Crosslin, JM De la Rosa-Lozano, G Sanchez, A AF Munyaneza, J. E. Sengoda, V. G. Crosslin, J. M. De la Rosa-Lozano, G. Sanchez, A. TI First Report of 'Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous' in Potato Tubers with Zebra Chip Disease in Mexico. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Munyaneza, J. E.; Sengoda, V. G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [De la Rosa-Lozano, G.] Univ Autonoma Coahuila, Dept Invest Alimentos, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. [Sanchez, A.] Sabritas Mexico, Saltillo Region, Coahuila, Mexico. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 4 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 93 IS 5 BP 552 EP 552 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0552A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446OL UT WOS:000266130800035 ER PT J AU Hurteau, M North, M AF Hurteau, Matthew North, Malcolm TI Response of Arnica dealbata to climate change, nitrogen deposition, and fire SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Mixed-conifer; Sierra Nevada ID GRASSLAND RESPONSES; CHANGE SCENARIOS; CALIFORNIA; RESTORATION; EMISSIONS; CO2 AB Predicted changes in climate and increasing nitrogen deposition are likely to have significant impacts on species that have limited distributions or are already experiencing diminished population size. Arnica dealbata (A. Gray, Asteraceae), a listed sensitive species in Yosemite National Park, is endemic to California and has limited distribution within the park boundaries. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of altered precipitation resulting from climate change, increasing nitrogen deposition resulting from pollution, and prescribed fire on A. dealbata. A. dealbata cover significantly increased with increasing snowpack and prescribed fire. Increasing nitrogen deposition negatively affected cover. Our results suggest Yosemite's A. dealbata populations can thrive even under a changing climate if prescribed fire is frequently applied coupled with increased moisture availability. C1 [Hurteau, Matthew] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [North, Malcolm] USFS Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hurteau, M (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, POB 6077, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Matthew.Hurteau@nau.edu; mnorth@ucdavis.edu RI Hurteau, Matthew/D-2301-2009 OI Hurteau, Matthew/0000-0001-8457-8974 FU USFS PSW Sierra Nevada Research Center FX We would like to thank Jan van Wagtendonk from the USGS and Kara Paintner from the NPS for assistance with project establishment, Mike Beasley and Yosemite Helitack for implementing the burn treatments, Jason Jimenez, Don Stevens, and Kevin Tucker for help with data collection, and the USFS PSW Sierra Nevada Research Center for providing funding for this project. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 202 IS 1 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s11258-008-9472-4 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 428IW UT WOS:000264842200017 ER PT J AU Tobias, CM AF Tobias, Christian M. TI A Genome May Reduce Your Carbon Footprint SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM christian.tobias@ars.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAY PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2009.02.0004let PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WN UT WOS:000208575800004 ER PT J AU Jannink, JL Iwata, H Bhat, PR Chao, S Wenzl, P Muehlbauer, GJ AF Jannink, Jean-Luc Iwata, Hiroyoshi Bhat, Prasanna R. Chao, Shiaoman Wenzl, Peter Muehlbauer, Gary J. TI Marker Imputation in Barley Association Studies SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Association mapping requires high marker density, potentially leading to many missing marker data and to high genotyping costs. In human genetics, methods exist to impute missing marker data and whole markers typed in a reference panel but not in the experimental dataset. We sought to determine if an imputation method developed for human data would function effectively in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) panel. The panel contained 98 lines, 2517 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and 716 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers. Averaged over markers, masked scores were correctly imputed 97.1% of the time. We chose 610 and 273 tag markers in two- and six-row barley subpopulations, respectively. Despite this low number of tags, imputation accuracy was such that for about 80% of non-tag markers, the prediction r(2) between imputed and true scores was 0.8 or higher. When DArT markers were used as tags, SNP markers were imputed with similar accuracy, suggesting that the method can convert association information from one marker system (e.g., DArT) to another marker system (e.g., SNP). We believe marker imputation methods will have an important future in association studies as a component of tagging methods and in reducing problems due to missing data. C1 [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Iwata, Hiroyoshi] Natl Agr Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bhat, Prasanna R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wenzl, Peter] Triticarte PL, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722] FX We thank Paul Scheet for help with fastPHASE version 1.3. Martha Hamblin and Peter Bradbury gave valuable comments and advice over the course of this research. Patrick Hayes and Peter Szucs mapped DArT and SNP markers on the OWB mapping population used in this research. Timothy J. Close, Stefano Lonardi, and Yonghui Wu developed the 2943 SNP map used in this research. Sequencing of DArT marker clones was performed by Triticarte P/L. Comments of two anonymous reviewers helped greatly improve the manuscript. This research was supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No. 2006-55606-16722 "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement." NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAY PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.09.0006 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WN UT WOS:000208575800005 ER PT J AU Gasic, K Gonzalez, DO Thimmapuram, J Liu, L Malnoy, M Gong, G Han, YP Vodkin, LO Aldwinckle, HS Carroll, NJ Orvis, KS Goldsbrough, P Clifton, S Pape, D Fulton, L Martin, J Theising, B Wisniewski, ME Fazio, G Feltus, FA Korban, SS AF Gasic, Ksenija Gonzalez, Delkin O. Thimmapuram, Jyothi Liu, Lei Malnoy, Mickael Gong, George Han, Yuepeng Vodkin, Lila O. Aldwinckle, Herb S. Carroll, Natalie J. Orvis, Kathryn S. Goldsbrough, Peter Clifton, Sandra Pape, Deana Fulton, Lucinda Martin, John Theising, Brenda Wisniewski, Michael E. Fazio, Gennaro Feltus, Frank A. Korban, Schuyler S. TI Comparative Analysis and Functional Annotation of a Large Expressed Sequence Tag Collection of Apple SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-LIKE GENES; SCAB RESISTANCE; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; CDNA LIBRARY; FRUIT-TREES; RICE GENOME; MARKERS; MAP; EVOLUTION AB A total of 34 apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) cDNA libraries were constructed from root, leaf, bud, shoot, flower, and fruit tissues, at various developmental stages and/or under biotic or abiotic stress conditions, and of several genotypes. From these libraries, 190,425 clones were partially sequenced from the 5' end and 42,619 clones were sequenced from the 3' end, and a total of 182,241 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. These coalesced into 23,442 tentative contigs and 9843 singletons, for a total of 33,825 apple unigenes. Functional annotation of this unigene set revealed an even distribution of apple sequences among the three main gene ontology categories. Of similar to 33,000 apple unigenes, 8437 (25%) had no detectable homologs (E >0.1) in the Arabidopsis genome. When the entire apple unigene set was compared with the entire citrus [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] unigene set and the poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) predicted proteome, both members of the core eudicot and rosids clade, 13,521 of apple unigenes matched one or more sequences in citrus, while 25,817 had counterparts in the poplar protein database. Apple-Arabidopsis-citrus-poplar comparisons revealed closer evolutionary relationships between apple and poplar than with the other two species. Genes involved in basic metabolic pathways appear to be largely conserved among apple, citrus, poplar, and Arabidopsis. C1 [Gasic, Ksenija; Han, Yuepeng; Korban, Schuyler S.] Univ Illinois, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gonzalez, Delkin O.; Vodkin, Lila O.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Thimmapuram, Jyothi; Liu, Lei; Gong, George] Univ Illinois, Biotechnol WM Keck Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Malnoy, Mickael; Aldwinckle, Herb S.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dep Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Carroll, Natalie J.; Orvis, Kathryn S.] Purdue Univ, Dep Youth Dev & Agr Educ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Goldsbrough, Peter] Purdue Univ, Dep Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Clifton, Sandra; Pape, Deana; Fulton, Lucinda; Martin, John; Theising, Brenda] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Wisniewski, Michael E.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Fazio, Gennaro] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Feltus, Frank A.] Clemson Univ, Dep Genet & Biochem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Korban, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 310 ER Madigan Bldg,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM korban@illinois.edu RI malnoy, mickael/C-5007-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-03-21701] FX K. Gasic, Y. Han, and S. S. Korban, Dep. of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Illinois, 310 E. R. Madigan Bldg., 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801; D.O. Gonzalez and L.O. Vodkin, Dep. of Crop Sciences, Univ. of Illinois, 384 E. R. Madigan Bldg., 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801; J. Thimmapuram, L. Liu, and G. Gong, Biotechnology W. M. Keck Center, Univ. of Illinois, 354 E. R. Madigan Bldg., 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801; M. Malnoy and H. S. Aldwinckle, Dep. of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell Univ., 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456; N.J. Carroll and K. S. Orvis, Dep. of Youth Development and Agricultural Education, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907; P. Goldsbrough, Dep. of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907; S. Clifton, D. Pape, L. Fulton, J. Martin, and B. Theising, Genome Sequencing Center, Washington Univ., School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63108; M. E. Wisniewski, USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430; G. Fazio, USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456; F. A. Feltus, Dep. of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson Univ., 302-C Biosystems Research Complex, 51 New Cherry Rd., Clemson, SC 29634. K. Gasic, present address: Dep. of Horticulture, Clemson Univ., 112BRC, 51 New Cherry Rd., Clemson, SC, 29634. M. Malnoy, present address: IASMA Research Center, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN), 38010, Italy. This work was funded by National Science Foundation Grant No. DBI-03-21701. Received 10 Nov. 2008. *Corresponding author (korban@illinois.edu). NR 67 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAY PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.11.0014 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WN UT WOS:000208575800006 ER PT J AU Yu, JM Zhang, ZW Zhu, CS Tabanao, DA Pressoir, G Tuinstra, MR Kresovich, S Todhunter, RJ Buckler, ES AF Yu, Jianming Zhang, Zhiwu Zhu, Chengsong Tabanao, Dindo A. Pressoir, Gael Tuinstra, Mitchell R. Kresovich, Stephen Todhunter, Rory J. Buckler, Edward S. TI Simulation Appraisal of the Adequacy of Number of Background Markers for Relationship Estimation in Association Mapping SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Complex trait dissection through association mapping provides a powerful complement to traditional linkage analysis. The genetic structure of an association mapping panel can be estimated by genomewide background markers and subsequently accounted for in association analysis. Deciding the number of background markers is a common issue that needs to be addressed in many association mapping studies. We first showed that the adequacy of markers in relationship estimation influences the maximum likelihood of the model explaining phenotypic variation and demonstrated this influence with a series of computer simulations with different trait architectures. Analyses and computer simulations were then conducted using two different data sets: one from a diverse set of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines with a complex population structure and familial relatedness, and the other from a group of crossbred dogs. Our results showed that the likelihood-based model-fitting approach can be used to quantify the robustness of genetic relationships derived from molecular marker data. We also found that kinship estimation was more sensitive to the number of markers used than population structure estimation in terms of model fitting, and a robust estimate of kinship for association mapping with diverse germplasm requires a certain amount of background markers (e.g., 300-600 biallelic markers for the simulated pedigree materials, >1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms or 100 simple sequence repeats [SSRs] for the diverse maize panel, and about 100 SSRs for the canine panel). Kinship construction with subsets of the whole marker panel and subsequent model testing with multiple phenotypic traits could provide ad hoc information on whether the number of markers is sufficient to quantify genetic relationships among individuals. C1 [Yu, Jianming; Zhu, Chengsong] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zhang, Zhiwu; Kresovich, Stephen] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tabanao, Dindo A.] Philippine Rice Res Inst, Munoz 3119, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. [Pressoir, Gael] Hispaniola Ctr Biofuels & Sustainable Agr, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Tuinstra, Mitchell R.] Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Todhunter, Rory J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Yu, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jyu@ksu.edu RI Zhu, Chengsong/F-8045-2011 FU National Research Initiative (NRI) Plant Genome Program of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES); Morris Animal Foundation (RST); Cornell Advanced Technology Biotechnology (RST); Master Foods Inc. (RST); USDA-ARS; U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-9872631, DBI-0321467] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their critical review of the manuscript. This project is supported by the National Research Initiative (NRI) Plant Genome Program of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) to JY. We acknowledge funding support from Morris Animal Foundation (RST), Cornell Advanced Technology Biotechnology (RST), Master Foods Inc. (RST), USDA-ARS (ESB), and U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-9872631 and DBI-0321467) (ESB and SK). NR 63 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAY PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.09.0009 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WN UT WOS:000208575800009 ER PT J AU Mueller, LA Lankhorst, RK Tanksley, SD Giovannoni, JJ White, R Vrebalov, J Fei, ZJ van Eck, J Buels, R Mills, AA Menda, N Tecle, IY Bombarely, A Stack, S Royer, SM Chang, SB Shearer, LA Kim, BD Jo, SH Hur, CG Choi, D Li, CB Zhao, JH Jiang, HL Geng, Y Dai, YY Fan, HJ Chen, JF Lu, F Shi, JF Sun, SH Chen, JJ Yang, XH Lu, C Chen, MS Cheng, ZK Li, CY Ling, HQ Xue, YB Wang, Y Seymour, GB Bishop, GJ Bryan, G Rogers, J Sims, S Butcher, S Buchan, D Abbott, J Beasley, H Nicholson, C Riddle, C Humphray, S McLaren, K Mathur, S Vyas, S Solanke, AU Kumar, R Gupta, V Sharma, AK Khurana, P Khurana, JP Tyagi, A Sarita Chowdhury, P Shridhar, S Chattopadhyay, D Pandit, A Singh, P Kumar, A Dixit, R Singh, A Praveen, S Dalal, V Yadav, M Ghazi, IA Gaikwad, K Sharma, TR Mohapatra, T Singh, NK Szinay, D de Jong, H Peters, S van Staveren, M Datema, E Fiers, MWEJ van Ham, RCHJ Lindhout, P Philippot, M Frasse, P Regad, F Zouine, M Bouzayen, M Asamizu, E Sato, S Fukuoka, H Tabata, S Shibata, D Botella, MA Perez-Alonso, M Fernandez-Pedrosa, V Osorio, S Mico, A Granell, A Zhang, ZH He, J Huang, SW Du, YC Qu, DY Liu, LF Liu, DY Wang, J Ye, ZB Yang, WC Wang, GP Vezzi, A Todesco, S Valle, G Falcone, G Pietrella, M Giuliano, G Grandillo, S Traini, A D'Agostino, N Chiusano, ML Ercolano, M Barone, A Frusciante, L Schoof, H Jocker, A Bruggmann, R Spannagl, M Mayer, KXF Guigo, R Camara, F Rombauts, S Fawcett, JA Van de Peer, Y Knapp, S Zamir, D Stiekema, W AF Mueller, Lukas A. Lankhorst, Rene Klein Tanksley, Steven D. Giovannoni, James J. White, Ruth Vrebalov, Julia Fei, Zhangjun van Eck, Joyce Buels, Robert Mills, Adri A. Menda, Naama Tecle, Isaak Y. Bombarely, Aureliano Stack, Stephen Royer, Suzanne M. Chang, Song-Bin Shearer, Lindsay A. Kim, Byung Dong Jo, Sung-Hwan Hur, Cheol-Goo Choi, Doil Li, Chang-Bao Zhao, Jiuhai Jiang, Hongling Geng, Yu Dai, Yuanyuan Fan, Huajie Chen, Jinfeng Lu, Fei Shi, Jinfeng Sun, Shouhong Chen, Jianjun Yang, Xiaohua Lu, Chen Chen, Mingsheng Cheng, Zhukuan Li, Chuanyou Ling, Hongqing Xue, Yongbiao Wang, Ying Seymour, Graham B. Bishop, Gerard J. Bryan, Glenn Rogers, Jane Sims, Sarah Butcher, Sarah Buchan, Daniel Abbott, James Beasley, Helen Nicholson, Christine Riddle, Clare Humphray, Sean McLaren, Karen Mathur, Saloni Vyas, Shailendra Solanke, Amolkumar U. Kumar, Rahul Gupta, Vikrant Sharma, Arun K. Khurana, Paramjit Khurana, Jitendra P. Tyagi, Akhilesh Sarita Chowdhury, Parul Shridhar, Smriti Chattopadhyay, Debasis Pandit, Awadhesh Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Ajay Dixit, Rekha Singh, Archana Praveen, Sumera Dalal, Vivek Yadav, Mahavir Ghazi, Irfan Ahmad Gaikwad, Kishor Sharma, Tilak Raj Mohapatra, Trilochan Singh, Nagendra Kumar Szinay, Dora de Jong, Hans Peters, Sander van Staveren, Marjo Datema, Erwin Fiers, Mark W. E. J. van Ham, Roeland C. H. J. Lindhout, P. Philippot, Murielle Frasse, Pierre Regad, Farid Zouine, Mohamed Bouzayen, Mondher Asamizu, Erika Sato, Shusei Fukuoka, Hiroyuki Tabata, Satoshi Shibata, Daisuke Botella, Miguel A. Perez-Alonso, M. Fernandez-Pedrosa, V. Osorio, Sonia Mico, Amparo Granell, Antonio Zhang, Zhonghua He, Jun Huang, Sanwen Du, Yongchen Qu, Dongyu Liu, Longfei Liu, Dongyuan Wang, Jun Ye, Zhibiao Yang, Wencai Wang, Guoping Vezzi, Alessandro Todesco, Sara Valle, Giorgio Falcone, Giulia Pietrella, Marco Giuliano, Giovanni Grandillo, Silvana Traini, Alessandra D'Agostino, Nunzio Chiusano, Maria Luisa Ercolano, Mara Barone, Amalia Frusciante, Luigi Schoof, Heiko Joecker, Anika Bruggmann, Remy Spannagl, Manuel Mayer, Klaus X. F. Guigo, Roderic Camara, Francisco Rombauts, Stephane Fawcett, Jeffrey A. Van de Peer, Yves Knapp, Sandra Zamir, Dani Stiekema, Willem TI A Snapshot of the Emerging Tomato Genome Sequence SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB The genome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is being sequenced by an international consortium of 10 countries (Korea, China, the United Kingdom, India, the Netherlands, France, Japan, Spain, Italy, and the United States) as part of the larger "International Solanaceae Genome Project (SOL): Systems Approach to Diversity and Adaptation" initiative. The tomato genome sequencing project uses an ordered bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) approach to generate a high-quality tomato euchromatic genome sequence for use as a reference genome for the Solanaceae and euasterids. Sequence is deposited at GenBank and at the SOL Genomics Network (SGN). Currently, there are around 1000 BACs finished or in progress, representing more than a third of the projected euchromatic portion of the genome. An annotation effort is also underway by the International Tomato Annotation Group. The expected number of genes in the euchromatin is similar to 40,000, based on an estimate from a preliminary annotation of 11% of finished sequence. Here, we present this first snapshot of the emerging tomato genome and its annotation, a short comparison with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) sequence data, and the tools available for the researchers to exploit this new resource are also presented. In the future, whole-genome shotgun techniques will be combined with the BAC-by-BAC approach to cover the entire tomato genome. The high-quality reference euchromatic tomato sequence is expected to be near completion by 2010. C1 [Mueller, Lukas A.; Giovannoni, James J.; White, Ruth; Vrebalov, Julia; Fei, Zhangjun; van Eck, Joyce; Buels, Robert; Mills, Adri A.; Menda, Naama; Tecle, Isaak Y.; Bombarely, Aureliano] Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tanksley, Steven D.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stack, Stephen; Royer, Suzanne M.; Chang, Song-Bin; Shearer, Lindsay A.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jo, Sung-Hwan; Hur, Cheol-Goo] KRIBB, Plant Genome Res Ctr, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Kim, Byung Dong; Choi, Doil] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Li, Chang-Bao; Zhao, Jiuhai; Jiang, Hongling; Geng, Yu; Dai, Yuanyuan; Fan, Huajie; Chen, Jinfeng; Lu, Fei; Shi, Jinfeng; Sun, Shouhong; Chen, Jianjun; Yang, Xiaohua; Lu, Chen; Cheng, Zhukuan; Li, Chuanyou; Ling, Hongqing; Xue, Yongbiao; Wang, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Seymour, Graham B.] Univ Nottingham, Div Plant Sci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, England. [Bishop, Gerard J.; Butcher, Sarah; Buchan, Daniel; Abbott, James] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Bryan, Glenn] SCRI Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Mathur, Saloni; Vyas, Shailendra; Solanke, Amolkumar U.; Kumar, Rahul; Gupta, Vikrant; Sharma, Arun K.; Khurana, Paramjit; Khurana, Jitendra P.; Tyagi, Akhilesh] Univ Delhi, New Delhi 11002, India. [Sarita; Chowdhury, Parul; Shridhar, Smriti; Chattopadhyay, Debasis] Natl Inst Plant Genome Res, New Delhi 110067, India. [Pandit, Awadhesh; Singh, Pradeep; Kumar, Ajay; Dixit, Rekha; Singh, Archana; Praveen, Sumera; Dalal, Vivek; Yadav, Mahavir; Ghazi, Irfan Ahmad; Gaikwad, Kishor; Sharma, Tilak Raj; Mohapatra, Trilochan; Singh, Nagendra Kumar] Indian Agr Res Inst, NRC Plant Biotechnol, New Delhi 110012, India. [Lankhorst, Rene Klein; van Ham, Roeland C. H. J.; Stiekema, Willem] Ctr BioSyst Genom, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Szinay, Dora; de Jong, Hans; Peters, Sander; Lindhout, P.] Wageningen Univ, Genet Lab, NL-6703 BD Wageningen, Netherlands. [van Staveren, Marjo; Datema, Erwin; Fiers, Mark W. E. J.; van Ham, Roeland C. H. J.] Plant Res Int, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Philippot, Murielle; Frasse, Pierre; Regad, Farid; Zouine, Mohamed; Bouzayen, Mondher] INRA, UMR990, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Asamizu, Erika; Sato, Shusei; Tabata, Satoshi; Shibata, Daisuke] Kazusa, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan. [Osorio, Sonia; Mico, Amparo; Granell, Antonio] Univ Politecn Valencia, CSIC, Inst Biol Mol & Celular Plantas, Valencia 46011, Spain. [Botella, Miguel A.] Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Falcone, Giulia; Pietrella, Marco; Giuliano, Giovanni] ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00123 Rome, Italy. [Traini, Alessandra; D'Agostino, Nunzio; Chiusano, Maria Luisa; Ercolano, Mara; Barone, Amalia; Frusciante, Luigi] Univ Naples Federico II, Dep Soil Plant Environm & Anim Prod Sci, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Zamir, Dani] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Fukuoka, Hiroyuki] Natl Agr Res Org, Natl Inst Vegetable & Tea Sci, Tsu, Mie 5142392, Japan. [Rogers, Jane; Sims, Sarah; Beasley, Helen; Nicholson, Christine; Riddle, Clare; McLaren, Karen] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Zhang, Zhonghua; He, Jun; Huang, Sanwen; Du, Yongchen; Qu, Dongyu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Liu, Longfei; Liu, Dongyuan; Wang, Jun] Beijing Genom Inst, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. [Ye, Zhibiao] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Forestry, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Yang, Wencai] China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Wang, Guoping] S China Agr Univ, Dep Hort, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Schoof, Heiko; Joecker, Anika] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. [Perez-Alonso, M.; Fernandez-Pedrosa, V.] Sistemas Genom SL, Valencia 46980, Spain. [Guigo, Roderic; Camara, Francisco] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Ctr Regulacio Genom, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Humphray, Sean] Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, England. [Rombauts, Stephane; Fawcett, Jeffrey A.; Van de Peer, Yves] Univ Ghent VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Knapp, Sandra] Nat Hist Museum, Bot Dep, London SW7 5BD, England. [Bruggmann, Remy] Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst Microbiol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Spannagl, Manuel; Mayer, Klaus X. F.] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, MIPS Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Vezzi, Alessandro; Todesco, Sara; Valle, Giorgio] Univ Padua, CRIBI, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Grandillo, Silvana] Inst Plant Genet, CNR, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Giovannoni, James J.; White, Ruth] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mueller, LA (reprint author), Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lam87@cornell.edu RI Menda, Naama/G-2915-2012; Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011; Giuliano, Giovanni/A-2701-2012; Rombauts, Stephane/D-7640-2014; Osorio, Sonia/M-2258-2014; Perez-Alonso, Manuel/M-3333-2014; Seymour, Graham/N-4539-2014; Sato, Shusei/A-3616-2015; Botella, Miguel/B-5734-2012; Yang, Wencai/G-6517-2011; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/G-9841-2015; Guigo, Roderic/D-1303-2010; Chen, Jinfeng/K-4024-2015; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Bombarely, Aureliano/C-6580-2009; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; D'Agostino, Nunzio/A-6071-2017; Granell, Antonio/G-3664-2010; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016 OI Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945; Giuliano, Giovanni/0000-0002-2486-0510; Rombauts, Stephane/0000-0002-3985-4981; Perez-Alonso, Manuel/0000-0002-3266-0340; Sato, Shusei/0000-0002-0293-5366; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/0000-0002-1971-5466; Guigo, Roderic/0000-0002-5738-4477; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Bombarely, Aureliano/0000-0001-6257-8914; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; D'Agostino, Nunzio/0000-0001-9840-3817; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874 FU Crop Functional Genomic Center, a Frontier 21 Project of the MOEST of Korean government; Chinese Academy of Sciences; BBSRC/DEFRA; RERAD; Wellcome Trust; NSF PBI program [DEB-0316614]; Department of Biotechnology, Government of India; Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi; European Commission (EU-SOL Project) [PL 016214]; Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), which is part of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA, France); National Research Funding Agency (ANR, France); Chiba Prefecture, Japan; Genoma Espana; Italian Ministry of Agriculture (Agronanotech Project); Italian Ministry of Research (FIRB Project); EU (EU-SOL project); National Science Foundation, USA [DBI-0421634, DBI-0606595] FX Financial sources: Sequencing of chromosome 2 in Korea is supported by Crop Functional Genomic Center, a Frontier 21 Project of the MOEST of Korean government. Chromosome 3 is being sequenced with support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chromosome 4 is being sequenced at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in the United Kingdom with the support of BBSRC/DEFRA and RERAD. The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute is funded by the Wellcome Trust. Biodiversity work in Solanum at the NHM is supported by the NSF PBI program through award DEB-0316614 "PBI Solanum-a worldwide treatment." Chromosome 5 is sequenced by the "Indian Initiative on Tomato Genome Sequencing (IITGS)" funded by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India and supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. Chromosome 6 is sequenced with the support of the European Commission (EU-SOL Project PL 016214) and by the Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), which is part of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. Chromosome 7 sequencing is funded by the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA, France) and the National Research Funding Agency (ANR, France). Chromosome 8 sequencing is supported by the Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Chromosome 9 sequencing is supported by Genoma Espana. Chromosome 11 is supported by the Chinese Academy of the Sciences. Chromosome 12 is sequenced with the support of the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (Agronanotech Project), the Italian Ministry of Research (FIRB Project), and the EU (EU-SOL project). The U.S. group is supported by the National Science Foundation, USA, grants DBI-0421634 and DBI-0606595. We would like to acknowledge the contribution of the following people at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute: Matthew Jones (Shotgun Library Construction), Karen Oliver (Fosmid End Sequencing), Sarah Sims (Shotgun Data Production), Stuart McLaren (Automated Sequence Improvement), and Christine Lloyd (Finishing Quality Control). NR 90 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 55 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAY PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 78 EP 92 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.08.0005 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WN UT WOS:000208575800010 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y He, JM McCormick, S AF Zhang, Yan He, Junmin McCormick, Sheila TI Two Arabidopsis AGC kinases are critical for the polarized growth of pollen tubes SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE actin cytoskeleton; male gametophyte; polarity; pollen tube growth; secondary messengers; unfertilized ovules ID BLUE-LIGHT RECEPTORS; ROOT HAIR-GROWTH; PROTEIN-KINASES; TIP GROWTH; GENE-EXPRESSION; AUXIN EFFLUX; CELL-GROWTH; IN-VITRO; REORIENTATION; MEMBRANE AB Reproduction of flowering plants requires the growth of pollen tubes to deliver immotile sperm for fertilization. Pollen tube growth resembles that of polarized metazoan cells, in that some molecular mechanisms underlying cell polarization and growth are evolutionarily conserved, including the functions of Rho GTPases and the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. However, a role for AGC kinases, crucial signaling mediators in polarized metazoan cells, has yet to be shown in pollen tubes. Here we demonstrate that two Arabidopsis AGC kinases are critical for polarized growth of pollen tubes. AGC1.5 and AGC1.7 are pollen-specific genes expressed during late developmental stages. Pollen tubes of single mutants had no detectable phenotypes during in vitro or in vivo germination, whereas those of double mutants were wider and twisted, due to frequent changes of growth trajectory in vitro. Pollen tubes of the double mutant also had reduced growth and were probably compromised in response to guidance cues in vivo. In the agc1.5 background, downregulation of AGC1.7 using an antisense construct phenocopied the growth defect of double mutant pollen tubes, providing additional support for a redundant function of AGC1.5/1.7 in pollen tube growth. Using the actin marker mouse Talin, we show that pollen tubes of double mutants had relatively unaffected longitudinal actin cables but had ectopic filamentous actin, indicating disturbed control of polarity. Our results demonstrate that AGC1.5 and AGC1.7 are critical components of the internal machinery of the pollen tube leading to polarized growth of pollen tubes. C1 [Zhang, Yan] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Agr Res Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Agr Res Serv, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM yan_zhang@berkeley.edu; sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 47 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 474 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03792.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 436RN UT WOS:000265432800010 PM 19144004 ER PT J AU Pressoir, G Brown, PJ Zhu, WY Upadyayula, N Rocheford, T Buckler, ES Kresovich, S AF Pressoir, Gael Brown, Patrick J. Zhu, Wenyan Upadyayula, Narasimham Rocheford, Torbert Buckler, Edward S. Kresovich, Stephen TI Natural variation in maize architecture is mediated by allelic differences at the PINOID co-ortholog barren inflorescence2 SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE barren inflorescence2; association mapping; quantitative trait loci; polar auxin transport ID POLAR AUXIN TRANSPORT; FLOWERING-TIME; INFLORESCENCE DEVELOPMENT; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; BARREN INFLORESCENCE2; PATTERN-FORMATION; ARABIDOPSIS; EFFLUX; PLANT; POPULATION AB We characterized allelic variation at barren inflorescence2 (bif2), a maize co-ortholog of the Arabidopsis PINOID protein kinase (PID), and tested for trait associations with bif2 in both an association mapping population of 277 diverse maize inbreds and in the inter-mated B73 x Mo17 (IBM) linkage population. Results from the quantitative analyses were compared with previous reports of bif2 phenotypes in mutagenesis studies. All three approaches (association, linkage, and mutagenesis) detect a significant effect of bif2 on tassel architecture. Association mapping implicates bif2 in an unexpectedly wide range of traits including plant height, node number, leaf length, and flowering time. Linkage mapping finds a significant interaction effect for node number between bif2 and other loci, in keeping with previous reports that bif2;spi1 and Bif2;Bif1 double mutants produce fewer phytomers. The Mo17 allele is associated with a reduced tassel branch zone and shows lower expression than the B73 allele in hybrid B73-Mo17 F(1) inflorescences, consistent with the complete absence of tassel branches in the bif2 knockout mutant. Overall, these data suggest that allelic variation at bif2 affects maize architecture by modulating auxin transport during vegetative and inflorescence development. C1 [Pressoir, Gael; Brown, Patrick J.; Zhu, Wenyan; Kresovich, Stephen] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Upadyayula, Narasimham; Rocheford, Torbert; Buckler, Edward S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kresovich, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sk20@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU NSF Plant Genome [DBI 0321467] FX We would like to thank Paula McSteen for her thorough review of the initial manuscript and for providing the bif2 sequence before it was made public. Research support was provided by NSF Plant Genome Grant DBI 0321467. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 618 EP 628 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03802.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 444MB UT WOS:000265984000007 PM 19154226 ER PT J AU Huo, NX Vogel, JP Lazo, GR You, FM Ma, YQ McMahon, S Dvorak, J Anderson, OD Luo, MC Gu, YQ AF Huo, Naxin Vogel, John P. Lazo, Gerard R. You, Frank M. Ma, Yaqin McMahon, Stephanie Dvorak, Jan Anderson, Olin D. Luo, Ming-Cheng Gu, Yong Q. TI Structural characterization of Brachypodium genome and its syntenic relationship with rice and wheat SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brachypodium distachyon; Comparative genomics; Gene density; Colinearity; Repetitive DNA elements; Genome evolution ID MAIZE GENOME; GRASS GENOMES; MODEL SYSTEM; SEQUENCE COMPOSITION; POLYPLOID WHEAT; BAC-ENDS; BIN MAP; GENE; EVOLUTION; DISTACHYON AB Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has been recently recognized as an emerging model system for both comparative and functional genomics in grass species. In this study, 55,221 repeat masked Brachypodium BAC end sequences (BES) were used for comparative analysis against the 12 rice pseudomolecules. The analysis revealed that similar to 26.4% of BES have significant matches with the rice genome and 82.4% of the matches were homologous to known genes. Further analysis of paired-end BES and similar to 1.0 Mb sequences from nine selected BACs proved to be useful in revealing conserved regions and regions that have undergone considerable genomic changes. Differential gene amplification, insertions/deletions and inversions appeared to be the common evolutionary events that caused variations of microcolinearity at different orthologous genomic regions. It was found that similar to 17% of genes in the two genomes are not colinear in the orthologous regions. Analysis of BAC sequences also revealed higher gene density (similar to 9 kb/gene) and lower repeat DNA content (similar to 13.1%) in Brachypodium when compared to the orthologous rice regions, consistent with the smaller size of the Brachypodium genome. The 119 annotated Brachypodium genes were BLASTN compared against the wheat EST database and deletion bin mapped wheat ESTs. About 77% of the genes retrieved significant matches in the EST database, while 9.2% matched to the bin mapped ESTs. In some cases, genes in single Brachypodium BACs matched to multiple ESTs that were mapped to the same deletion bins, suggesting that the Brachypodium genome will be useful for ordering wheat ESTs within the deletion bins and developing specific markers at targeted regions in the wheat genome. C1 [Gu, Yong Q.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Huo, Naxin; Vogel, John P.; Lazo, Gerard R.; You, Frank M.; McMahon, Stephanie; Anderson, Olin D.; Gu, Yong Q.] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Huo, Naxin; You, Frank M.; Ma, Yaqin; Dvorak, Jan; Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Yong.Gu@ars.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU United State Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service CRIS [532502100-000, 532502100-011, 532521000-13] FX The authors thank Roger Thilmony and William Belknap for the critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the United State Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service CRIS 532502100-000 532502100-011, and 532521000-13. NR 69 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s11103-009-9456-3 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 428VT UT WOS:000264880200004 PM 19184460 ER PT J AU Meyer, JDF Silva, DCG Yang, C Pedley, KF Zhang, C van de Mortel, M Hill, JH Shoemaker, RC Abdelnoor, RV Whitham, SA Graham, MA AF Meyer, Jenelle D. F. Silva, Danielle C. G. Yang, Chunling Pedley, Kerry F. Zhang, Chunquan van de Mortel, Martijn Hill, John H. Shoemaker, Randy C. Abdelnoor, Ricardo V. Whitham, Steven A. Graham, Michelle A. TI Identification and Analyses of Candidate Genes for Rpp4-Mediated Resistance to Asian Soybean Rust in Soybean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILDEW BREMIA-LACTUCAE; RICH REPEAT PROTEINS; LRR-ENCODING GENES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; DOWNY MILDEW; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; MESSENGER-RNA; COILED-COIL AB Asian soybean rust is a formidable threat to soybean (Glycine max) production in many areas of the world, including the United States. Only five sources of resistance have been identified (Resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi1 [Rpp1], Rpp2, Rpp3, Rpp4, and Rpp5). Rpp4 was previously identified in the resistant genotype PI459025B and mapped within 2 centimorgans of Satt288 on soybean chromosome 18 (linkage group G). Using simple sequence repeat markers, we developed a bacterial artificial chromosome contig for the Rpp4 locus in the susceptible cv Williams82 (Wm82). Sequencing within this region identified three Rpp4 candidate disease resistance genes (Rpp4C1-Rpp4C3 [Wm82]) with greatest similarity to the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) RGC2 family of coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat disease resistance genes. Constructs containing regions of the Wm82 Rpp4 candidate genes were used for virus-induced gene silencing experiments to silence resistance in PI459025B, confirming that orthologous genes confer resistance. Using primers developed from conserved sequences in the Wm82 Rpp4 candidate genes, we identified five Rpp4 candidate genes (Rpp4C1-Rpp4C5 [PI459025B]) from the resistant genotype. Additional markers developed from the Wm82 Rpp4 bacterial artificial chromosome contig further defined the region containing Rpp4 and eliminated Rpp4C1 (PI459025B) and Rpp4C3 (PI459025B) as candidate genes. Sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products revealed that Rpp4C4 (PI459025B) was highly expressed in the resistant genotype, while expression of the other candidate genes was nearly undetectable. These data support Rpp4C4 (PI459025B) as the single candidate gene for Rpp4-mediated resistance to Asian soybean rust. C1 [Meyer, Jenelle D. F.; Shoemaker, Randy C.; Graham, Michelle A.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Silva, Danielle C. G.; Abdelnoor, Ricardo V.] Embrapa Soja, BR-86001970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. [Silva, Danielle C. G.] Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-14884900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Yang, Chunling; Zhang, Chunquan; van de Mortel, Martijn; Hill, John H.; Whitham, Steven A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shoemaker, Randy C.; Graham, Michelle A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pedley, Kerry F.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Graham, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM michelle.graham@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Abdelnoor, Ricardo/F-7011-2012; Abdelnoor, Ricardo/G-4116-2012 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Embrapa Soja; Iowa Soybean Association; North Central Soybean Research Program; United Soybean Board; National Science Foundation [0820642] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Embrapa Soja, the Iowa Soybean Association, the North Central Soybean Research Program, the United Soybean Board, and the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0820642). NR 75 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1 BP 295 EP 307 DI 10.1104/pp.108.134551 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 439XT UT WOS:000265661700025 PM 19251904 ER PT J AU Hatfield, RD Marita, JM Frost, K Grabber, J Ralph, J Lu, FC Kim, H AF Hatfield, Ronald D. Marita, Jane M. Frost, Kenneth Grabber, John Ralph, John Lu, Fachuang Kim, Hoon TI Grass lignin acylation: p-coumaroyl transferase activity and cell wall characteristics of C3 and C4 grasses SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Lignin; Acylation; p-Coumarates; p-Coumaroyl transferase; Cell wall carbohydrates ID DIFERULATE CROSS-LINKS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; NEUTRAL SUGARS; MAIZE LIGNIN; BAMBOO SHOOT; COA LIGASE; STEMS; WHEAT; NMR AB Grasses are a predominant source of nutritional energy for livestock systems around the world. Grasses with high lignin content have lower energy conversion efficiencies for production of bioenergy either in the form of ethanol or to milk and meat through ruminants. Grass lignins are uniquely acylated with p-coumarates (pCA), resulting from the incorporation of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates into the growing lignin polymer within the cell wall matrix. The required acyl-transferase is a soluble enzyme (p-coumaroyl transferase, pCAT) that utilizes p-coumaroyl-CoenzymeA (pCA-CoA) as the activated donor molecule and sinapyl alcohol as the preferred acceptor molecule. Grasses (C3and C4) were evaluated for cell wall characteristics; pCA, lignin, pCAT activity, and neutral sugar composition. All C3 and C4 grasses had measurable pCAT activity, however the pCAT activities did not follow the same pattern as the pCA incorporation into lignin as expected. C1 [Hatfield, Ronald D.; Marita, Jane M.; Frost, Kenneth; Grabber, John; Ralph, John] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Grabber, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John; Lu, Fachuang; Kim, Hoon] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hatfield, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ronald.hatfield@ars.usda.gov; j.marita@ars.usda.gov; kfrost@wisc.edu; john.grabber@ars.usda.gov; jralph@wisc.edu; fachuanglu@wisc.edu; hoonkim@wisc.edu FU NRI-CGP [2004-03034]; Monsanto Company [58-3K952- 938]; ArborGen, LLC [58-3K95-8-598] FX This work was supported with funding from NRI-CGP (Plant Biochemistry Section-Grant No. 2004-03034) and was partially funded by Monsanto Company (CRADA No. 58-3K952- 938) and ArborGen, LLC (CRADA No. 58-3K95-8-598). Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. A special thanks to Lindsay Stafslien for her dedication and help in processing the samples. NR 58 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 2009 VL 229 IS 6 BP 1253 EP 1267 DI 10.1007/s00425-009-0900-z PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 438FA UT WOS:000265540100009 PM 19288269 ER PT J AU Booij-James, IS Edelman, M Mattoo, AK AF Booij-James, Isabelle S. Edelman, Marvin Mattoo, Autar K. TI Nitric oxide donor-mediated inhibition of phosphorylation shows that light-mediated degradation of photosystem II D1 protein and phosphorylation are not tightly linked SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Chloroplast; Reaction center proteins; Spirodela; Duckweeds; D1 phosphorylation; Nitric oxide ID S-NITROSYLATED PROTEINS; IN-VIVO; DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHOTOINHIBITION; DYNAMICS; CORE; DEPHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION AB An outcome of the photochemistry during oxygenic photosynthesis is the rapid turn over of the D1 protein in the light compared to the other proteins of the photosystem II (PS II) reaction center. D1 is a major factor of PS II instability and its replacement a primary event of the PS II repair cycle. D1 also undergoes redox-dependent phosphorylation prior to its degradation. Although it has been suggested that phosphorylation modulates D1 metabolism, reversible D1 phosphorylation was reported not to be essential for PS II repair in Arabidopsis. Thus, the involvement of phosphorylation in D1 degradation is controversial. We show here that nitric oxide donors inhibit in vivo phosphorylation of the D1 protein in Spirodela without inhibiting degradation of the protein. Thus, D1 phosphorylation is not tightly linked to D1 degradation in the intact plant. C1 [Booij-James, Isabelle S.; Mattoo, Autar K.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Edelman, Marvin] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 2009 VL 229 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1352 DI 10.1007/s00425-009-0914-6 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 438FA UT WOS:000265540100017 PM 19294415 ER PT J AU Brooks, L Strable, J Zhang, XL Ohtsu, K Zhou, RL Sarkar, A Hargreaves, S Elshire, RJ Eudy, D Pawlowska, T Ware, D Janick-Buckner, D Buckner, B Timmermans, MCP Schnable, PS Nettleton, D Scanlon, MJ AF Brooks, Lionel, III Strable, Josh Zhang, Xiaolan Ohtsu, Kazuhiro Zhou, Ruilian Sarkar, Ananda Hargreaves, Sarah Elshire, Robert J. Eudy, Douglas Pawlowska, Teresa Ware, Doreen Janick-Buckner, Diane Buckner, Brent Timmermans, Marja C. P. Schnable, Patrick S. Nettleton, Dan Scanlon, Michael J. TI Microdissection of Shoot Meristem Functional Domains SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR AUXIN TRANSPORT; LASER-CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; GLOBAL GENE-EXPRESSION; MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; APICAL MERISTEM; CELL-DIVISION; ARABIDOPSIS-EMBRYOGENESIS; ROUGH-SHEATH2 GENE; DOMINANT MUTATION AB The shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintains a pool of indeterminate cells within the SAM proper, while lateral organs are initiated from the SAM periphery. Laser microdissection-microarray technology was used to compare transcriptional profiles within these SAM domains to identify novel maize genes that function during leaf development. Nine hundred and sixty-two differentially expressed maize genes were detected; control genes known to be upregulated in the initiating leaf (P0/P1) or in the SAM proper verified the precision of the microdissections. Genes involved in cell division/growth, cell wall biosynthesis, chromatin remodeling, RNA binding, and translation are especially upregulated in initiating leaves, whereas genes functioning during protein fate and DNA repair are more abundant in the SAM proper. In situ hybridization analyses confirmed the expression patterns of six previously uncharacterized maize genes upregulated in the P0/P1. P0/P1-upregulated genes that were also shown to be downregulated in leaf-arrested shoots treated with an auxin transport inhibitor are especially implicated to function during early events in maize leaf initiation. Reverse genetic analyses of asceapen1 (asc1), a maize D4-cyclin gene upregulated in the P0/P1, revealed novel leaf phenotypes, less genetic redundancy, and expanded D4-CYCLIN function during maize shoot development as compared to Arabidopsis. These analyses generated a unique SAM domain-specific database that provides new insight into SAM function and a useful platform for reverse genetic analyses of shoot development in maize. C1 [Brooks, Lionel, III; Strable, Josh; Elshire, Robert J.; Scanlon, Michael J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Zhang, Xiaolan] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ohtsu, Kazuhiro; Zhou, Ruilian; Hargreaves, Sarah; Schnable, Patrick S.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA USA. [Sarkar, Ananda; Ware, Doreen; Timmermans, Marja C. P.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Eudy, Douglas; Janick-Buckner, Diane; Buckner, Brent] Truman State Univ, Div Sci, Kirksville, MO USA. [Pawlowska, Teresa] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA, Agr Res Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Nettleton, Dan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. RP Brooks, L (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Genet, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM mjs298@cornell.edu OI Elshire, Robert/0000-0003-1753-6920 FU National Science Foundation [032195, 0638770, 0750171] FX This work was sponsored by National Science Foundation grants 032195, 0638770, and 0750171 to MJS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 91 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 AR e1000476 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000476 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 459EH UT WOS:000267083000031 PM 19424435 ER PT J AU Droby, S Wisniewski, M Macarisin, D Wilson, C AF Droby, Samir Wisniewski, Michael Macarisin, Dumitru Wilson, Charles TI Twenty years of postharvest biocontrol research: Is it time for a new paradigm? SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Postharvest biological control; Yeast; Bacteria; Mode of action; Commercialization; Additives; Biological pesticide ID AGENT CANDIDA-OLEOPHILA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; BLUE MOLD; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CITRUS-FRUIT; BROWN-ROT; METSCHNIKOWIA-FRUCTICOLA AB The use of biocontrol agents as an alternative to synthetic, chemical fungicides that are presently used to control postharvest pathogens, has many constraints and obstacles that make it difficult to their use as a practical control strategy. Over the last 20 years postharvest biocontrol research has evolved towards being more integrated into a production systems approach with greater awareness of industry concerns, More research, however, is needed in many aspects of the science and technology of postharvest biocontrol and in integrating biocontrol agents into combined pre- and postharvest production and handling systems. Better understanding of the mode of action of postharvest biocontrol agents, relationships between infection levels occurring in the field and development of postharvest decay, along with basic information on microbial ecology and survival mechanisms of biocontrol agents on fruit surfaces, is critical for the advancement of successful implementation of postharvest biocontrol technology. The 20 years of postharvest biocontrol research has seen tremendous advances and the creation of several products. Nonetheless, numerous challenges and opportunities still exist as this field of research matures. This review is an attempt to examine the field of postharvest biocontrol as it has developed over the 20 years, define the reasons that have limited its commercialization, and identify areas of research need to be addressed if the potential of postharvest biocontrol is to be achieved. We have also introduced a new paradigm for biocontrol research that may provide new opportunities for increasing the and consistency of biocontrol products. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights C1 [Droby, Samir] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Wisniewski, Michael; Macarisin, Dumitru] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Wilson, Charles] Wilson Associates Int LLC, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Droby, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM samird@volcani.agri.gov.il; michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 97 TC 236 Z9 267 U1 15 U2 118 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.11.009 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 430CZ UT WOS:000264967700001 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Collin, S Mackey, B Sievert, J Fjeld, K Arpaia, ML AF Obenland, David Collin, Sue Mackey, Bruce Sievert, James Fjeld, Kent Arpaia, Mary Lu TI Determinants of flavor acceptability during the maturation of navel oranges SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soluble solids; Acidity; Volatiles; GC olfactometry; BrimA; Flavor ID VALENCIA LATE; FRESH; COMPONENTS; VOLATILES; JUICES; ODOR; THRESHOLDS; QUALITY; STORAGE AB Navel oranges of differing maturities were harvested at regular intervals for three successive seasons and evaluated for external color, percent juice, soluble solids concentration (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA). Fruit from harvest dates throughout the season were rated by a sensory panel (12-20 panelists) for flavor likeability (hedonic score), sweetness, tartness and richness (strength of citrus flavor). Gas chromatograpy/olfactometry was used to identify odor-active volatiles present at each harvest date in the final season. Peel color and BrimA, a parameter calculated by subtracting TA times a constant from SSC, were the most closely related quality parameters to the hedonic score and ratings of sweetness, richness and tartness. A predictive equation for hedonic score was developed using stepwise regression the variation in the data. that combined peel color, percent juice and BrimA and accounted for 63% of the variation in the data,year, location and navel strain had only minor effects on the relationship between the quality parameters and the sensory ratings. Nineteen odor-active compounds were identified, of which six were significantly correlated with changes that occurred in the sensory attributes during navel orange maturation. The SSC/TA ratio, the basis for the current minimum Maturity Standard in California, was not as closely related to likeability as BrimA. At the minimum maturity standard (SSC/TA) of 8:1, the hedonic score calculated from the overall regression equation was 4.4, a value well into the "dislike" range, indicating that the current standard is likely set at too low of a value to satisfy most consumers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Obenland, David] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Collin, Sue; Sievert, James; Fjeld, Kent; Arpaia, Mary Lu] Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Mackey, Bruce] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM david.obenland@fresno.ars.usda.gov FU California Citrus Research Board FX This work was partially funded by a grant from the California Citrus Research Board. The help of Julie Doctor (Sunkist Growers) and the excellent technical assistance of Paul Neipp were much appreciated. We also appreciate the very helpful comments provided to us by members of the California citrus industry, in particular, Mr. Don Roark and Dr. Etienne Rabe. Additional thanks to Dr. Adel Kader for reviewing the manuscript. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.01.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 430CZ UT WOS:000264967700003 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Vance, AM Branton, SL Collier, SD Gerard, PD AF Peebles, E. D. Vance, A. M. Branton, S. L. Collier, S. D. Gerard, P. D. TI Effects of time-specific F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation overlays on prelay ts-11-strain M. gallisepticum vaccination on blood characteristics of commercial laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood; commercial layer; F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; ts-11-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID EGG; CHICKENS; AGE; PERFORMANCE; INFECTION; SYNOVIAE; BREEDER; LAYERS; CONJUNCTION AB Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of a prelay ts-11-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (ts-11MG) vaccination alone or in combination with subsequent time-specific F-strain M. gallisepticum (FMG) inoculations on the blood characteristics of commercial laying hens. The following 4 treatments were utilized: 1) sham vaccination at 10 wk of age, 2) vaccination of ts-11MG at 10 wk, 3) ts-11MG at 10 wk overlaid by FMG inoculation at 22 wk, and 4) ts-11MG at 10 wk overlaid by FMG at 45 wk. Parameters measured in both trials were whole blood hematocrit, plasma protein, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum calcium. No significant age x treatment interactions and no significant age or treatment main effects were observed for any of the blood parameters investigated, except for serum calcium. At wk 22, serum calcium concentrations were increased by vaccination with ts-11MG at 10 wk, and levels were further increased when the ts-11MG vaccination at 10 wk was overlaid by an FMG inoculation at 22 wk. These results suggest that ts-11MG vaccination at 10 wk of age alone or combined with F-strain inoculum overlays at either 22 or 45 wk may be used without any consequential effects on hematocrit or the lipid and protein levels in the blood of commercial layers. Because elevations in serum calcium were not associated with changes in hen performance, as reported in a previous companion article, it is further suggested that prelay ts-11MG vaccination before FMG inoculation overlays during lay may provide adequate protection against field strain M. gallisepticum infections while being innocuous to layer performance. C1 [Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Vance, A. M.; Branton, S. L.; Collier, S. D.] Agr Res Serv, Poultry Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu FU USDA; [MIS-321010] FX This is journal no. J-11380 from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station supported by MIS-321010. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 5 BP 911 EP 916 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00438 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 436IE UT WOS:000265405900004 PM 19359676 ER PT J AU Vance, AM Branton, SL Collier, SD Gerard, PD Peebles, ED AF Vance, A. M. Branton, S. L. Collier, S. D. Gerard, P. D. Peebles, E. D. TI Effects of time-specific F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation overlays on prelay ts-11-strain M. gallisepticum vaccination on digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE layer; liver; oviduct; small intestine; ts-11-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID QUALITY PARAMETERS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LAYER FLOCKS; PERFORMANCE; INFECTION; AGE; SYNOVIAE; ONSET; CYCLE AB Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of a prelay ts-11-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (ts-11MG) vaccination alone or in conjunction with F-strain M. gallisepticum (FMG) inoculation overlays at 2 different age periods during lay on the digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens. In each trial, the following 4 treatments were utilized: sham vaccination at 10 wk of age, ts-11MG vaccination at 10 wk of age, ts-11MG at 10 wk of age overlaid by FMG inoculation at 22 wk of age, and ts-11MG at 10 wk of age overlaid by FMG at 45 wk of age. Necropsies were performed at the end of both trials (58 wk of age), using 2 birds from each of 4 replicate units per treatment, to observe treatment effects on the following parameters: liver weight, liver lipid and moisture concentrations, incidence of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome, ovary weight, number of mature ovarian follicles, and the total and segmental weights, lengths, and histologies of the oviduct and small intestine. Treatments affected only vaginal length as a percentage of total oviduct length. Vaginas were relatively longer in hens that had only been vaccinated with ts-11MG at 10 wk in comparison to all the other treatment groups, including controls. Except for relative vaginal length, the digestive and reproductive organs of layers were not influenced by the ts-11MG and FMG treatment regimens imposed in this study. These results confirm that when coupled with FMG inoculations during lay, prelay ts-11MG vaccinations may be a practical substitute for prelay FMG inoculations for providing continual protection against field-strain M. gallisepticum infections in layers. C1 [Vance, A. M.; Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.; Collier, S. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Poultry Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu FU USDA; [MIS-321010] FX This work was funded by a grant by the USDA. We express appreciation to fellow workers of the USDA Poultry Research Unit and Sharon Womack of the Mississippi State University Poultry Science Department. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 5 BP 980 EP 983 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00545 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 436IE UT WOS:000265405900014 PM 19359686 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Ebel, ED Wells, SJ AF Williams, Michael S. Ebel, Eric D. Wells, Scott J. TI Population inferences from targeted sampling with uncertain epidemiologic information SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Model-based inference; Prevalence; Disease detection; Surveillance ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MODEL BSURVE; FREEDOM; DISEASE; HERD AB Targeted sampling is an increasingly popular method of data collection in animal-based epidemiologic Studies. This sampling approach allows the user to exclusively choose samples from subpopulations that have a higher likelihood of the disease of interest. This is achieved by selecting animals from a subpopulation that exhibits some characteristic that indicates a higher probability of the presence of the disease. inferences drawn from a targeted sample require information regarding the epidemiology of the disease under surveillance, which is generally not known with certainty. This Study describes estimators for both the detection of disease and the estimation of prevalence when targeted sampling is employed. Modifications of these estimators are provided that account for the uncertainty in the parameters that describe the epidemiology of the disease. Results of a simulation study are provided to illustrate the effect of the uncertainty in these parameters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Michael S.; Ebel, Eric D.] Food Safety Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wells, Scott J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), Food Safety Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike.williams@fsis.usda.gov; eric.ebel@fsis.usda.gov; Wells023@umn.edu FU National Surveillance Unit at the Centers for Epidemiology; Animal Plant Health Inspection Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX Support for this project was provided by the National Surveillance Unit at the Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health which is part of the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.12.008 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 438QP UT WOS:000265570800004 PM 19200614 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Ebel, ED Wells, SJ AF Williams, Michael S. Ebel, Eric D. Wells, Scott J. TI Poisson sampling: A sampling strategy for concurrently establishing freedom from disease and estimating population characteristics SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Improved efficiency; Prevalence; Targeted sampling; Points; Estimation ID SUBSTANTIATE FREEDOM; SCRAPIE; HERD AB Surveys of animal populations are often designed to either demonstrate freedom from disease or to estimate parameters that describe the population,such as disease prevalence, proportion of vaccinated animals, or average animal weight and value. Targeted surveillance is a sampling approach where animals are selected for testing based on the presence of characteristics that indicate a higher probability of disease. This approach can substantially reduce the sample size that is required to demonstrate freedom from disease, but inferences about other population parameters are generally not possible because the sample design often lacks the properties required for making inferences in a traditional survey sample. Determining which animals to sample can also be difficult when either more than one characteristic exists or the characteristic is a continuous attribute, such as age or weight. Poisson sampling is an unequal probability sampling design that can provide efficiencies similar to targeted surveillance while allowing inferences for other population parameters. The adaptation of Poisson sampling to animal surveys is described. A simulation study, based on sampling a flock of sheep, is used to demonstrate the reductions in sample size that are possible with Poisson sampling. The study showed that the sample size required for a flock-level sensitivity of 0.95 when using Poisson sampling was less than half that required when using simple random sampling. The performance of estimators for prevalence of scrapie and distribution of genotypes are also compared. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Michael S.; Ebel, Eric D.] Food Safety Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wells, Scott J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), Food Safety Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike.williams@fsis.usda.gov; eric.ebel@fsis.usda.gov; Wells023@umn.edu FU Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health; Animal Plant Health Inspection Service; U. S. Department of Agriculture FX We would like to acknowledge the support provided by the National Surveillance Unit at the Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, which is part of the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.01.005 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 438QP UT WOS:000265570800005 PM 19217677 ER PT J AU Wells, SJ Ebel, ED Williams, MS Scott, AE Wagner, BA Marshall, KL AF Wells, Scott J. Ebel, Eric D. Williams, Michael S. Scott, Aaron E. Wagner, Bruce A. Marshall, Katherine L. TI Use of epidemiologic information in targeted surveillance for population inference SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Targeted surveillance; Prevalence estimation; Risk ratio AB Epidemiologic information, including animal characteristics (e.g., observable risk factors or clinical signs) predisposing to animal disease, is frequently used for design of targeted surveillance systems, but this information is infrequently used for Population inference. In this Study, we report the evaluation of use of epidemiologic information for population inference in targeted surveillance in three animal disease scenarios. We adapted sampling theory using Monte Carlo methods to determine target population sample size to detect disease with 95% confidence, using information from the epidemiologic parameters risk ratio and fraction of the population with the characteristic. These parameters and their uncertainties were derived from a reference population. The next step was to use a second (sampled) population to evaluate effects of sampling the targeted population. The focus of the study was on estimation of prevalence. Our results showed that if one is less certain of the epidemiologic parameters, a rational decision is to model the input parameter distributions reflecting this uncertainty, thereby increasing the sample size above the minimum needed for the detection of the disease with a known confidence. Targeted Surveillance is appropriate for prevalence estimation when one has representative and justifiable estimates of key epidemiologic parameters. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wells, Scott J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ebel, Eric D.; Williams, Michael S.] Food Safety Inspect Serv, Risk Anal Div, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Scott, Aaron E.] USDA APHIS Vet Serv, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Scott, Aaron E.] USDA APHIS Vet Serv, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wells, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, 136 ABLMS,1354 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wells023@umn.edu FU USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services FX The authors would like to acknowledge the USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services for funding this study. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.01.007 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 438QP UT WOS:000265570800006 PM 19269705 ER PT J AU Degrelle, SA Blomberg, LA Garrett, WM Li, RW Talbot, NC AF Degrelle, Severine A. Blomberg, Le Ann Garrett, Wesley M. Li, Robert W. Talbot, Neil C. TI Comparative proteomic and regulatory network analyses of the elongating pig conceptus SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Conceptus; Elongation; Pre-implantation; Proteome; Swine ID RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; PORCINE CONCEPTUS; VISCERAL ENDODERM; SERIAL ANALYSIS; TROPHOBLASTIC ELONGATION; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN PLACENTA AB Embryo loss during peri-implantation can approach 20% in swine following artificial insemination or natural mating and coincides with rapid conceptus elongation. The objective of the present study was to establish a comprehensive profile of the abundant proteins of the pig conceptus at the time prior to implantation and identify stage-specific changes during elongation. The abundant proteins of a homogenous population of gestational day-11 ovoid (0.7-1 cm) and gestational day-12 filamentous (15-20 cm) porcine concepti were compared by extracting proteins from three independent conceptus pools and separating the proteins by 2-DE. Proteins in 305 spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF or additionally by LC-MS/MS and 275 were positively identified representing 174 distinct proteins. The proteins could be classified into the following functional categories: cell proliferation/differentiation, cytoskeleton, metabolism, and stress response. Based on spot density, 35 proteins associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and embryo/maternal signaling, were found to be differentially expressed between ovoid and filamentous concepti. A comparison of the protein expression profile with transcriptomic data from pig concepti of the same developmental stages identified similarities and dissimilarities between protein and mRNA expression profiles. This proteomic study helps to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the early embryonic development of the pig. C1 [Degrelle, Severine A.; Blomberg, Le Ann; Garrett, Wesley M.; Talbot, Neil C.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Robert W.] Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Blomberg, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 22,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leann.blomberg@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Current Research Information System [1265-31000-082-00D] FX We wish to acknowledge Lori Schreier for technical assistance with animal management, Paul Graninger and Tom Caperna for advice on 2-DE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer sample preparations, and Larry Shade for bioinformatics assistance. This work was supported by USDA-ARS Current Research Information System Project no. 1265-31000-082-00D. Mention of trade name, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department Of Agriculture or imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 91 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2678 EP 2694 DI 10.1002/pmic.200800776 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 454UI UT WOS:000266707800007 PM 19391182 ER PT J AU Romme, WH Allen, CD Balley, JD Baker, WL Bestelmeyer, BT Brown, PM Eisenhart, KS Floyd, ML Huffman, DW Jacobs, BF Miller, RF Muldavin, EH Swetnam, TW Tausch, RJ Weisberg, PJ AF Romme, William H. Allen, Craig D. Balley, John D. Baker, William L. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Brown, Peter M. Eisenhart, Karen S. Floyd, M. Lisa Huffman, David W. Jacobs, Brian F. Miller, Richard F. Muldavin, Esteban H. Swetnam, Thomas W. Tausch, Robin J. Weisberg, Peter J. TI Historical and Modern Disturbance Regimes, Stand Structures, and Landscape Dynamics in Pinon-Juniper Vegetation of the Western United States SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE climate; CO2; drought; fire; grazing; tree infill; tree invasion; range expansion ID FIRE HISTORY; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CENTRAL OREGON; GREAT-BASIN; NEW-MEXICO; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LATE HOLOCENE; SAGE-GROUSE AB Pinon-juniper is a major vegetation type in western North America. Effective management of these ecosystems has been hindered by inadequate understanding of 1) the variability in ecosystem structure and ecological processes that exists among the diverse combinations of pinons, junipers, and associated shrubs, herbs, and soil organisms; 2) the prehistoric and historic disturbance regimes; and 3) the mechanisms driving changes in vegetation structure and composition during the past 150 yr. This article summarizes what we know (and don't know) about three fundamentally different kinds of pinon-juniper vegetation. Persistent woodlands are found where local soils, climate, and disturbance regimes are favorable for pinon, juniper, or a mix of both; fires have always been infrequent in these woodlands. Pinon juniper savannas are found where local soils and climate are suitable for both trees and grasses; it is logical that low-severity fires may have maintained low tree densities before disruption of fire regimes following Euro-American settlement, but information is insufficient to support any confident statements about historical disturbance regimes in these savannas. Wooded shrublands are found where local soils and climate support a shrub community, but trees can increase during moist climatic conditions and periods without disturbance and decrease during droughts and following disturbance. Dramatic increases in tree density have occurred in portions of all three types of pinon-juniper vegetation, although equally dramatic mortality events have also occurred in some areas. The potential mechanisms driving increases in tree density-such as recovery from past disturbance, natural range expansion, livestock grazing, fire exclusion, climatic variability, and CO, fertilization-generally have not received enough empirical or experimental investigation to predict which is most important in any given location. The intent of this synthesis is 1) to provide a Source of information for managers and policy makers; and 2) to stimulate researchers to address the most important unanswered questions. C1 [Romme, William H.; Brown, Peter M.; Jacobs, Brian F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Romme, William H.; Brown, Peter M.; Jacobs, Brian F.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Balley, John D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Baker, William L.] Univ Wyoming, Ecol Program, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Baker, William L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Brown, Peter M.] Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Eisenhart, Karen S.] Edinboro Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Edinboro, PA 16444 USA. [Floyd, M. Lisa] Prescott Coll, Environm Studies Program, Prescott, AZ 86303 USA. [Huffman, David W.] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Jacobs, Brian F.] Natl Pk Serv, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Miller, Richard F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Range Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Muldavin, Esteban H.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Swetnam, Thomas W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tausch, Robin J.] USDA ARS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Weisberg, Peter J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Romme, WH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM romme@warnercnr.colostate.edu RI Baker, William/A-7008-2008; Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008; Romme, William/C-7317-2016 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184; FU Bureau of Land Management; US Dept of Defense; US Joint Fire Sciences Program; US National Park Service, the Uncompahgre Plateau Partnership; US Forest Service; US Geological Survey; Nature Conservancy; Colorado Forest Restoration Institute of Colorado State University (CSU); CSU and Universite Laval (Quebec, OC) FX The research that forms the basis of this article has been supported by the authors' home institutions and by many other sources, including the Bureau of Land Management, the US Dept of Defense, the US Joint Fire Sciences Program, the US National Park Service, the Uncompahgre Plateau Partnership, the US Forest Service, and the US Geological Survey, among others. The workshop in which we developed the article was funded by The Nature Conservancy and the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute of Colorado State University (CSU), CSU and Universite Laval (Quebec, OC) provided time and resources for writing the article via a sabbatical leave for W.H.R. in 2007-2008. NR 120 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 7 U2 60 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 203 EP 222 DI 10.2111/08-188R1.1 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448VT UT WOS:000266290800001 ER PT J AU Vermeire, LT Heitschmidt, RK Rinella, MJ AF Vermeire, Lance T. Heitschmidt, Rod K. Rinella, Matthew J. TI Primary Productivity and Precipitation-Use Efficiency in Mixed-Grass Prairie: A Comparison of Northern and Southern US Sites SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; drought; grassland; precipitation-use efficiency; primary production; rangeland; water ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; RAIN-USE EFFICIENCY; GREAT-PLAINS; UNITED-STATES; HONEY MESQUITE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; FORAGE PRODUCTION; BIOMASS DYNAMICS; FUNCTIONAL TYPES AB Precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) is a key determinant of aboveground net primary production (ANPP). We used long-term datasets to contrast ANPP and PUE estimates between northern (southeast Montana) and southern (north Texas) mixed-grass prairies. Effects of varying amounts and temporal distribution of precipitation on PUE were examined at the Montana site, using a rainout shelter and irrigation. Results show that 1) ANPP was 21% less in Montana than Texas (188 g . m(-2) vs. 237 g.m(-2)); 2) plant function type (PFT) composition varied between the two study locations, with cool-season perennial grasses (CSPG) dominating in Montana (52%) and warm-season perennial grasses (WSPG) dominating in Texas (47%); 3) production dynamics varied between the two sites with 90% of ANPP completed by 1 July in Montana as compared to 31 August in Texas; 4) average PUE estimates were greater in Montana (0.56 g dry matter . m(-2) . mm(-1) of precipitation) than Texas (0.40 g . m(-2) . mm(-1)); and 5) contributions to PUE estimates varied among PFT and location, with CSPG estimates being greater in Montana than Texas (52% vs. 31%) and WSPG estimates being greater in Texas than Montana (47% vs. 27%). Seasonal droughts and supplemental irrigations at the Montana site substantially altered ANPP, HT biomass composition, and PUE. Results show PUE was responsive to PFT composition relative to amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Therefore, one should expect changes in ANPP and PUE to occur with shifts in precipitation patterns until PFT composition becomes adjusted to the regime. C1 [Vermeire, Lance T.; Heitschmidt, Rod K.; Rinella, Matthew J.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Vermeire, LT (reprint author), USDA ARS, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM lance.vermeire@ars.usda.gov RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 31 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.2111/07-140R2.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448VT UT WOS:000266290800003 ER PT J AU Moffet, CA AF Moffet, Corey A. TI Agreement Between Measurements of Shrub Cover Using Ground-Based Methods and Very Large Scale Aerial Imagery SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE antelope bitterbrush; georeferencing; limit-of-agreement analysis; mountain big sagebrush; spineless horsebrush ID DIGITAL IMAGERY AB Very large scale aerial (VLSA) photography is a remote sensing method, which is collected and analyzed more efficiently than ground-based measurement methods, but agreement with ground-based measurements needs to be quantified. In this study, agreement between ground- and image-measured cover and precision, and accuracy of image locations and scale, were assessed. True image locations were determined by georeferencing images and conducting a ground search. Accuracy and precision of planned, aircraft, and georeferenced locations were evaluated by comparison with true image locations. Shrub cover was measured at true image locations using ground-based line-intercept and on the image using point-intercept. Sagebrush (Artemisia spp. L.), antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata [Pursh] DC.), and spineless horsebrush (Tetradymia canescens DC.) were distinguished in the imagery. Agreement between ground- and image-based measurements was quantified using limit agreement analysis. True ground locations of the VLSA images were within a 41-m radius of the aircraft location at the time of image acquisition, with 95% confidence. Using a panchromatic image from the QuickBird satellite (0.6-m pixel resolution) as a base map, 90% of true ground locations were within a 5-m radius of the location estimated from georeferencing the VLSA image to the base map. VLSA image-measured cover was, in general, unbiased with mean absolute differences between VLSA- and ground-based methods less than 1.3%. The degree of agreement and absence of bias between VLSA image-measured and ground-measured cover is Sufficient to recommend using VLSA imagery to measure shrub cover. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Moffet, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, 19 Off Loop, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM cmoffet@pw.ars.usda.gov OI Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.2111/08-244R.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448VT UT WOS:000266290800006 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Svejcar, TJ AF Sheley, Roger L. Svejcar, Tony J. TI Response of Bluebunch Wheatgrass and Medusahead to Defoliation SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE competitive ability; grazing management; invasive plants; stimulation grazing; tillering ID AGROPYRON BUNCHGRASSES; RANGELAND; HERBIVORY; GROWTH AB Our objective was to determine the short-term response of bluebunch wheatgrass and medusahead to defoliation of wheatgrass designed to Stimulate regrowth through tillering. We hypothesized that defoliating bluebunch wheatgrass by 20% at the 3 to 3.5 leaf stage followed by a 50% defoliation at peak standing crop would increase its tillering and biomass production. Consequently, we expected a reduction of the density and biomass of medusahead over that of bluebunch wheatgrass defoliated 50% at peak standing crop. Treatments included four initial medusahead densities (200, 333, 444, 600 plants . m(-2)) created by hand-pulling and three defoliation regimes factorially arranged (12 treatment combinations) in a randomized complete-block design and replicated four times at two sites. In 2006 and 2007, defoliation was accomplished by hand-clipping bluebunch wheatgrass 1) by 50% once at peak standing crop (late June); 2) by 20% at the 3 to 3.5 leaf stage, then again to 50% at peak standing crop (mid May, late June); or 3) plants were not clipped. Density was sampled in 2006 and 2007, and biomass was harvested only at Star Mountain (near Riverside, Oregon) in 2007 because Warm Springs (near Drewsey, Oregon) was burned by a wildfire before final 2007 data could be collected. In 2006, no treatments applied at either site detectably altered the number of tillers produced by bluebunch wheatgrass nor did they affect bluebunch wheatgrass density or biomass in 2007 at Star Mountain. Changes in medusahead density were not detected in 2006, but this annual invasive grass increased in density and biomass in 2007 at Star Mountain in plots receiving two defoliations. The relatively short growing period caused by summer drought and the relative intolerance of bluebunch wheatgrass to grazing make the twice-over grazing an unlikely practice for arid rangelands in the western United States. In fact, it could possibly increase the risk of annual grass invasion. C1 [Sheley, Roger L.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.2111/08-160R2.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448VT UT WOS:000266290800007 ER PT J AU Jones, TA AF Jones, T. A. TI Dynamics of Dormancy-Status Subpopulations of Indian Ricegrass Seed Held in Dry Storage SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE after-ripening; germination; seed dormancy ID GERMINATION AB Germination of Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides [Roem. & Schult] Barkworth), a rangeland species native to western North America, is limited by persistent seed dormancy. We previously identified high-dormancy (HD) and low-dormancy (LD) genotypes from within the genetically heterogeneous cultivar Rimrock. Seed was produced in 2000 and 2001 in a common garden, stored in paper-can containers at room temperature, and tested every 3 mo with and without prechill through 2005. In 2005, tetrazolium viability of all four lots was 99%, reflective of this species' extensive seed longevity. Over this time period, germination of nonprechilled seed increased from 1% to 53% for HD and from 15% to 79% for LD, whereas corresponding increases for prechilled seed were from 8% to 56% for HD and from 61% to 76% for LD. At first, the great majority of seeds of HD (99%) and LD (86%) were dormant, but this majority was overwhelmingly prechill nonresponsive for HD (92%) compared to roughly equal portions of prechill-non responsive (39%) and prechill-responsive (46%) seed for LD. At the end of the trial, most seeds of both HD (53%) and LD (79%) were nondormant, but more prechill-nonresponsive seeds were present in HD (44%) than LD (24%). Over the course of the study, the prechill-non responsive subpopulation declined more for HD (by 32%), the prechill-responsive subpopulation declined more for LD (by 45%), and overall dormancy (SLIM of the two subpopulations) declined more for HD (by 13%). The prechill-responsive subpopulation was depleted more quickly than the prechill-non responsive subpopulation for both genotypes. Both HD and LD genotypes were responsive to room-temperature storage without loss of viability over a 4-5-yr period. These data highlight the utility of long-term storage as a technique to improve germinability, and consequently establishment, success of Indian ricegrass. C1 [Jones, T. A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jones, T. A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), 969 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Thomas.Jones@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.2111/07-119R2.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448VT UT WOS:000266290800008 ER PT J AU Walburger, KJ Wells, M Vavra, M DelCurto, T Johnson, B Coe, P AF Walburger, Kenric J. Wells, Micah Vavra, Martin DelCurto, Timothy Johnson, Bruce Coe, Pricilla TI Influence of Cow Age on Grazing Distribution in a Mixed-Conifer Forest SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; distribution patterns; resource selection ID CATTLE DISTRIBUTION; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; FOOTHILL RANGELAND; RESOURCE SELECTION; LIVESTOCK; BEHAVIOR; AREAS; DEER AB Optimal distribution of cattle on forested rangelands has long been a subject of concern specifically related to uniform and sustainable use of forage resources. Our objective was to determine if cow age influenced distribution and resource use on forested rangelands. This study was conducted from 1991 to 2001 at the US Department of Agriculture Starkey Experimental Forest and Range, northeastern Oregon, a mixed-conifer forested rangeland. We used 43 039 locations of cattle taken from 1 h prior to sunrise until 4 h after sunrise and 4 h prior to sundown until 1 h after sundown from 1.5 July to 30 August to evaluate cattle distribution patterns during peak foraging time. Cattle were grouped into four age classes: 2- and 3-yr-old cattle, 4- and 5-yr-old cattle, 6- and 7-yr-old cattle, and cattle >= 8 yr old. All age classes preferred areas with gentler slopes (P < 0.05), westerly aspects (P < 0.05), farther from water (P < 0.05), and with greater forage production (P < 0.05) than pasture averages. Cattle older than 3 yr of age selected areas with less canopy closure (P < 0.05) than the mean value for the pasture. Young cows (< 4 yr old) selected lower elevations and steeper slopes than the oldest cows (P < 0.05). In summary, cow age and correspondingly its experience directly influences distribution patterns and forage resource use of cattle at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range. C1 [DelCurto, Timothy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Walburger, Kenric J.] British Columbia Minist Forests & Range, Cranbrook, BC V1C 7G1, Canada. [Wells, Micah] CHS Nutr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Vavra, Martin] USDA ARS, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Johnson, Bruce; Coe, Pricilla] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP DelCurto, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. EM tim.delcurto@oregonstate.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.2111/08-163R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448VT UT WOS:000266290800009 ER PT J AU Ho, GYF Figueroa-Valles, NR De la Torre-Feliciano, T Tucker, KL Tortolero-Luna, G Rivera, WT Jimenez-Velazquez, IZ Ortiz-Martinez, AP Rohan, TE AF Ho, Gloria Y. F. Figueroa-Valles, Nayda R. De la Torre-Feliciano, Taina Tucker, Katherine L. Tortolero-Luna, Guillermo Rivera, Winna T. Jimenez-Velazquez, Ivonne Z. Ortiz-Martinez, Ana Patricia Rohan, Thomas E. TI Cancer disparities between mainland and island Puerto Ricans SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Hispanic Americans; neoplasms; incidence; Puerto Rico; United States ID UNITED-STATES; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; DIETARY PATTERNS; BORN POPULATION; NEW-YORK; RICO; ACCULTURATION; OBESITY; HISPANICS; RESIDENCE AB Objectives. Examination of cancer rates in a single Hispanic subgroup-Puerto Ricans- and comparison of incidence rates among mainland Puerto Ricans living in the United States, island Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico, and U. S. non-Hispanic whites to reveal ethnic-specific cancer patterns and disparities in Puerto Ricans. Methods. Incidence data were obtained from the cancer registries of Puerto Rico and three U. S. northeastern states (New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut) with a high density of mainland Puerto Ricans. Age-adjusted rates were compared by standardized rate ratios (SRRs). Results. Total cancer incidence was the lowest in island Puerto Ricans, intermediate for mainland Puerto Ricans, and highest in U. S. non-Hispanic whites. Compared to mainland Puerto Ricans, islanders had significantly lower rates (p < 0.05) for major cancers-lung (SRRs = 0.36 in males and 0.29 in females), prostate (SRR = 0.71), female breast (SRR = 0.73), and colon-rectum (SRRs = 0.74 in males and 0.65 in females)-as well as several less common cancers (urinary bladder; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; liver; kidney and renal pelvis; pancreas; thyroid; leukemia; and skin melanoma). Overall cancer rates in mainland Puerto Ricans were modestly lower than those in U. S. non-Hispanic whites, but mainland Puerto Ricans had the highest rates for stomach, liver, and cervical cancers among the three populations. Conclusion. Despite socioeconomic disadvantages, island Puerto Ricans have relatively low cancer incidence. Identifying contributing factors would be informative for cancer research, and understanding the reasons for increased cancer risk in their mainland counterparts would facilitate the development of ethnic-specific intervention programs. C1 [Ho, Gloria Y. F.; Rohan, Thomas E.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Figueroa-Valles, Nayda R.; Tortolero-Luna, Guillermo; Rivera, Winna T.; Ortiz-Martinez, Ana Patricia] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Publ Hlth, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [De la Torre-Feliciano, Taina] Puerto Rico Cent Canc Registry, San Juan, PR USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jimenez-Velazquez, Ivonne Z.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Internal Med, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Ho, GYF (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, 1300 Morris Pk Ave,Belfer Bldg 1312, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM ho@aecom.yu.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 394 EP 400 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471CW UT WOS:000268033400003 PM 19695128 ER PT J AU Pinay, G O'Keefe, TC Edwards, RT Naiman, RJ AF Pinay, Gilles O'Keefe, Thomas C. Edwards, Richard T. Naiman, Robert J. TI NITRATE REMOVAL IN THE HYPORHEIC ZONE OF A SALMON RIVER IN ALASKA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hyporheic zone; riparian forest; nitrate removal; plant uptake; denitrification; marine-derived nitrogen; Alaskan salmon streams ID PACIFIC SALMON; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; URSUS-ARCTOS; SINGLE-WELL; BROWN BEARS; FRESH-WATER; COHO SALMON; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION AB Pacific boreal streams and riparian zones are believed to receive significant N loads that are derived from the ocean in the form of decaying sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Using a small stream in south-central Alaska we examined whether the associated riparian forest could take up the pulse of marine-derived nitrogen (MDN) entering the hyporheic zone from spawning and dying sockeye salmon. We evaluate the relative importance of riparian uptake and denitrification in nitrate-N removal in hyporheic sediment. We found that maximum biological removal of nitrate peaked within 1 h of water entering the hyporheic zone, decreasing exponentially with subsurface flow duration. Plant and microbial uptake reached 14 mu g NO(3)(-)-N L(-1) min(-1) and denitrification reached 4 mu g NO(3)(-)-N L(-1) min(-1) during the initial 2 h of transit time. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that MDN from Pacific salmon can be transferred to riparian zone via hyporheic flow. Most nitrate-N removal along hyporheic flow paths is by plant and microbial uptake (the respective contributions could not be determined). Denitrifying bacteria are present and active in the hyporheic zones of this well-oxygenated Alaskan stream but their contribution to the nitrate-N removal is small compared to plant and microbial uptake in such nitrate-N poor environment. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Pinay, Gilles] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [O'Keefe, Thomas C.; Naiman, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Edwards, Richard T.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Pinay, G (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM g.pinay@bham.ac.uk RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DEB9806575] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant DEB9806575 to R. J. Naiman and the Aquatic and Lands Interaction Program, PNW Research Station, USDA Forest Service. We gratefully acknowledge our collaboration with and field assistance from K. Bartz, J. S. Bechtold, J. Helfield, and K. Overberg. We also thank T. Rogers, D. Schindler, and staff from the University of Washington's Alaska Salmon Program for their assistance and support at the field site. NR 47 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 41 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1002/rra.1164 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 447IY UT WOS:000266186000001 ER PT J AU Romanova, TS Aver'yanov, AA Pasechnik, TD Lapikova, VP Baker, CJ AF Romanova, T. S. Aver'yanov, A. A. Pasechnik, T. D. Lapikova, V. P. Baker, C. J. TI Rice resistance to blast caused by leaf surface moistening prior to inoculation SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe grisea; acquired disease resistance; blast disease of rice; elicitors; reactive oxygen species; superoxide radical; water metabolism ID MECHANISM AB Effect of water droplets placed onto rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves before inoculation with blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr on disease severity and superoxide radical generation by the leaves was investigated. The leaves were inoculated by placement of spore suspension droplets. One day before, droplets of distilled water were placed to the same sites as an inoculum. It was found, that such a pretreatment decreased frequency of susceptible-type lesions by 2 to 2.5 times and increased that of symptomless outcome by 1.5 times in comparison with the nontreated control. Besides, the pretreatment enhanced superoxide radical generation in diffusates of healthy leaves of susceptible cultivar and in diffusates of infected leaves of resistant cultivar one day post inoculation. It is suggested that water contacting with the leaf surface for a rather long time washes out from its cells compounds possessing properties of plant endogenous elicitors. The latter induce superoxide radical formation by plants and, as a consequence, their disease resistance. This may be interpreted as plant adaptation to high humidity, which usually favors infections. C1 [Romanova, T. S.; Aver'yanov, A. A.; Pasechnik, T. D.; Lapikova, V. P.] Russian Acad Agr Sci, Res Inst Phytopathol, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Baker, C. J.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Romanova, TS (reprint author), Russian Acad Agr Sci, Res Inst Phytopathol, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM aaveryanov@post.ru FU International Science and Technology Center [2682p] FX The work was supported by Agricultural Research Service of USDA by mediation of International Science and Technology Center (grant 2682p). NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1021-4437 J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+ JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.1134/S1021443709030121 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 444DR UT WOS:000265961200012 ER PT J AU Violi, HA Brown, JS Tondo, CL Borrone, JW Schnell, RJ AF Violi, H. A. Brown, J. S. Tondo, C. L. Borrone, J. W. Schnell, R. J. TI Microsatellite markers reveal low breeding system efficacy and pollen contamination can limit production of full-sib avocado progeny SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora cinnamomi; Root rot; Avocado; Persea americana; Dichogamy; Outcrossing; Breeding; Microsatellite markers ID PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT-ROT; PERSEA-AMERICANA MILL.; PATERNITY INFERENCE; OUTCROSSING RATE; PROGRAM CERVUS; SOYBEAN SEEDS; HASS AVOCADO; TUBE GROWTH; FRUIT-SET; YIELD AB Phytophthora cinnamomi Causes a severe root rot in avocado, Persea americana. Breeding tolerant rootstocks is thought to be the most promising method for phytophthora root rot disease control but breeding avocado is challenging. The avocado flowering syndrome (synchronous protogynous dichogamy), combined with high flowering and low fruit set, render controlled pollination exceedingly difficult. juxtaposing complementary flowering types of elite parent cultivars (cultivars that produce progeny with tolerance to phytophthora root rot) was performed in an effort to increase the number of full-sib progeny for elite maternal parents and, hypothetically, the number of phytophthora root rot tolerant progeny. Although high outcrossing rates were achieved (estimated similar to 93%), the majority of progeny had a non-elite paternal parent (56% of progeny were offtypes) implying maternal trees were pollinated by non-elite distant trees. Among progeny that could be confidently genotyped, a high number of cross types were detected (33). Contrary to our hypothesis, a significant portion of the progeny were the result of crosses between like, and not complementary, flowering types. The spatial distribution of productive trees and grafts helped to explain these data, as productive grafts were directly adjacent to grafts of the same flowering type more often than that of the complementary flowering type. Selfed progeny were significantly less tolerant to phytophthora root rot than outcrossed progeny. Progeny resulting from crosses between an elite maternal parent and non-elite pollen donor (offtypes) were less tolerant than full-sib progeny resulting from crosses between elite parents. Maternal effects may interfere with identifying truly disease tolerant selections. Thus, to reduce maternal effects and non-elite pollen donor contamination, removal of seedling cotyledons before screening for disease tolerance and better isolation of elite parent trees and windbreaks may improve breeding efficacy. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of microsatellite markers in parentage analysis where a high proportion of the putative parents are closely related. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Violi, H. A.; Brown, J. S.; Tondo, C. L.; Schnell, R. J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Violi, H. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Borrone, J. W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Violi, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM hvioli@sfwmd.gov FU USDA-CSREES T-STAR FX We thank Mike Winterstein for contributions to various portions of this work. Randy Ploetz provided comments and access to his study trees at TREC. This work was Supported, in part, by an USDA-CSREES T-STAR grant "Development of avocado rootstocks via molecular and conventional means". Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 120 IS 3 BP 360 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.11.011 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 425PA UT WOS:000264648400010 ER PT J AU Xu, SX Huang, QY Shu, QY Chen, C Vick, BA AF Xu, Suxia Huang, Qingyun Shu, Qingyan Chen, Chun Vick, Brady A. TI Reproductive organography of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Bouganivillea spectabilis; Inflorescence; Organography ID FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; NYCTAGINACEAE; COLOR; FLOWERS; PROTEIN; PATTERN; POLLEN; LEAVES; PLANTS AB Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. is of prime importance for horticulture, as well as potentially for pharmaceutical industries, agriculture and environmental industries. However, its floral development is not yet well understood. A detailed study on floral structure and floral organography in the species was first completed using microscopy of paraffin microtome sections of buds. The results were indicated as follows: first, the three trumped flowers in the cymose inflorescence develop asynchronously. Secondly, Varieties with multi-whorl bracts do not develop any sexual organs, i.e., perianth, pistil and stamens. Thirdly, the wall of the two-loculus anther consists of two kinds of cells: the inner wall, consisting of thick-cytoplasmed cells and the outer wall, consisting of fibrous cells. Fourthly, the pollen grains, with three germination colpi, vary substantially in the form and size in summer under the highest day temperature of 40 degrees C. Fifthly, the pistil is characterized with betalain-acumulating stylar brush. Followed the developmental Course, only one basal ovule is developed in the superior ovary. Finally, organs of one flower develop consecutively from the outer to the inner, i.e., from bracts, to calyx, stamen, and carpel while the three flowers bloomed one by one in one cymose inflorescence. It almost takes I week from first bud to the third flower blooming. Our research showed a series of special characteristics of reproduction organography of B. spectabilis which can be useful for understanding its reproduction biology and its sterility. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Suxia; Huang, Qingyun; Chen, Chun] Fujian Inst Subtrop Bot, Key Lab Physiol & Biochem, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Xu, Suxia] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Shu, Qingyan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing Bot Garden, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Vick, Brady A.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SX (reprint author), Fujian Inst Subtrop Bot, Key Lab Physiol & Biochem, 780-800 Jiahe Rd, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM xsx518@yahoo.com.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800757]; Fujian Provincial Science & Technology Foundation [2008N0107]; Xiamen Municipal Science & Technology Project [3502Z20081137] FX The research was funded by the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30800757), by the key project of Fujian Provincial Science & Technology Foundation (No. 2008N0107), and by the Xiamen Municipal Science & Technology Project (No. 3502Z20081137). We deeply appreciate the excellent technical assistance and advice provided by Vice-professor Zhang Ning. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 120 IS 3 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.11.023 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 425PA UT WOS:000264648400016 ER PT J AU Muruganandam, S Israel, DW Robarge, WP AF Muruganandam, Subathra Israel, Daniel W. Robarge, Wayne P. TI Activities of Nitrogen-Mineralization Enzymes Associated with Soil Aggregate Size Fractions of Three Tillage Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NO-TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; ARYLAMIDASE ACTIVITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; EXTRACTION METHOD; CARBON; AMIDOHYDROLASES AB Nitrogen mineralization occurring near the soil surface of agroecosystems determines the quantity of plant-available N, and soil enzymes produced by microorganisms play significant roles in the N mineralization process. Tillage systems may influence soil microbial communities and N mineralization enzymes through alterations in total soil C and N. Soil aggregates of different sizes provide diverse microhabitats for microorganisms and therefore influence soil enzyme activities. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that activities of N mineralization enzymes increase with aggregate size and in no-till compared with tilled systems. Potential activities of N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG), arylamidase, L-glutaminase, and L-asparaginase were measured in five aggregate size fractions (<0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, and 2-4 mm) obtained from soils of three long-term (22-yr) tillage systems (no-till, chisel plow, and moldboard plow). All enzyme activities were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in no-till than in tilled systems and positively correlated (P < 0.005) with potential N mineralization. Potential activities of NAG, L-glutaminase, and arylamidase were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the intermediate (0.5-1-mm) aggregate size than in other size fractions. All enzyme activities were positively correlated with total soil C (P < 0.0001), N (P < 0.05), and microbial biomass C (P < 0.05). Aggregate size had significant effects on NAG, arylamidase, and L-glutaminase activities but the magnitudes were small. Fungal biomarkers (18:2w6c and 16:1w5c) determined by the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method were significantly greater in the no-till than in tilled systems and positively correlated with all enzyme activities. This suggests that no-till management enhances activities of N mineralization enzymes by enhancing the proportion of fungal organisms in the soil microbial community. C1 [Israel, Daniel W.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Muruganandam, Subathra; Israel, Daniel W.; Robarge, Wayne P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dan_israel@ncsu.edu NR 48 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 48 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0231 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 439IX UT WOS:000265621900008 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Evett, SR Pelletier, MG Bell, JM AF Schwartz, R. C. Evett, S. R. Pelletier, M. G. Bell, J. M. TI Complex Permittivity Model for Time Domain Reflectometry Soil Water Content Sensing: I. Theory SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; ATTENUATION TOMOGRAPHY; FREQUENCY; CALIBRATION; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; MONTMORILLONITE AB Despite numerous applications of time-domain reflectometry (TDR), serious difficulties remain in estimating accurate soil water contents under field conditions, especially in fine-textured soils. We developed a physically based calibration model to predict the frequency- and temperature-dependent complex dielectric response of soils. The model was used to predict frequency-dependent attenuation and a single "effective" frequency approximation of apparent permittivity of the soil. Effective frequency was predicted to decline from 450 to 160 MHz as water contents increased from air dry to saturation. Predicted frequency decline was small for an input bandwidth of 130 MHz, reflecting that modeled polarization mechanisms associated with relaxation frequencies above 100 MHz were responsible for most of the frequency-dependent attenuation. For specific surface areas ranging from 150 to 300 m(2) g(-1), simulations indicate that ignoring dielectric and conductive losses or the associated decline in effective frequency results in a 5 to 22% underestimation of the apparent permittivity. Both the power-law and de Loor-Dobson mixing models gave a reasonable approximation to the measured apparent permittivity for a silty clay loam (34% clay) across the entire water content range. Moreover, the models were able to describe the behavior of apparent permittivity in response to temperature for two soils with contrasting bulk electrical conductivity contributions to losses. These results demonstrate that loss mechanisms and declines in effective frequency need to be considered to accurately predict the soil water content of fine-textured soils. C1 [Schwartz, R. C.; Evett, S. R.; Bell, J. M.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Pelletier, M. G.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 886 EP 897 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008-0194 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 439IX UT WOS:000265621900021 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Evett, SR Bell, JM AF Schwartz, R. C. Evett, S. R. Bell, J. M. TI Complex Permittivity Model for Time Domain Reflectometry Soil Water Content Sensing: II. Calibration SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BULK ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SURFACE-AREA SOILS; DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY; LABORATORY CALIBRATION; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; FREQUENCY; ACCURACY; TEXTURE AB Despite numerous applications of time domain reflectometry (TDR), serious difficulties in estimating accurate soil water contents under field conditions remain, especially in fine-textured soils. A complex dielectric mixing model was calibrated for fine-textured soils (24-45% clay) and its accuracy was evaluated and compared with empirical calibrations. The Ap and Bt horizons of two soils were packed into columns and adjusted to volumetric water contents (theta) ranging from air dry to near saturation. Travel time and bulk electrical conductivity (sigma(0)) were measured using TDR at temperatures (T) of 8, 22, and 40 degrees C and using three coaxial cables to obtain a range of input spectrum bandwidths (omega(S)). Apparent permittivities (K(a)) were predicted using the complex permittivity model with measured theta, T, sigma(0), omega(S), and soil bulk density, and fitted to measured K(a) by optimizing specific surface area (A(s)), the power-law exponent (a), and an empirical polarization loss factor. Measured K(a) was best approximated using the power-law dielectric mixing model with a semiempirical effective frequency estimate and a = 0.68. Predicted A(S) increased with increasing clay content, cation exchange capacity, and measured specific surface areas. The two-parameter power-law calibration removed temperature bias in theta estimates and reduced the RMSE in theta estimates by an average of 0.006 m(3) m(-3) compared with an empirical calibration. Empirical models predicted field theta with oscillations of up to 0.022 m(3) m(-3) in phase with soil temperatures resulting from permittivity temperature dependencies. In contrast, the calibrated dielectric mixing model removed or dampened in-phase theta fluctuations to <0.004 m(3) m(-3), which permitted the detection of more subtle changes (<0.02 m(3) m(-3)) in theta. C1 [Schwartz, R. C.; Evett, S. R.; Bell, J. M.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 898 EP 909 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008-0195 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 439IX UT WOS:000265621900022 ER PT J AU Olk, DC Jimenez, RR Moscoso, E Gapas, P AF Olk, D. C. Jimenez, R. R. Moscoso, E. Gapas, P. TI Phenol Accumulation in a Young Humic Fraction following Anaerobic Decomposition of Rice Crop Residues SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL LOWLAND SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; ACID FRACTIONS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGNIN RESIDUES; YIELD DECLINE AB Soil phenols have been implicated as inhibitors of soil N cycling within many agroecosystems, including irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). To quantify the effects of crop management on temporal patterns of phenol accumulation in lowland rice soils, we measured phenol concentrations in two humic fractions at two crop growth stages in each growing season during a 4-yr field study at the International Rice Research Institute (Philippines). Samples were collected from two double-crop rotations (continuous rice and rice-maize [Zea mays L.]) with two N fertilizer rates (0 and nonlimiting), and with either aerobic or anaerobic decomposition of incorporated crop residues. Phenols were determined by tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis. Compared with the other field treatments, anaerobic decomposition of crop residues with continuous rice and nonlimiting rates of N fertilizer promoted a gradual increase in the relative enrichment of phenols in the mobile humic acid fraction during the 4 yr. The level of enrichment varied among phenol compounds, developing the fastest and becoming most pronounced with the smaller molecules of molecular weight 168 or less. Anaerobic decomposition had less effect on phenol enrichment for continuous rice cropping without N fertilizer. No phenol enrichment was found with anaerobic decomposition of rice residues in the rice-maize rotation. Our results are consistent with previous findings of inhibited mineralization of humic N with anaerobic decomposition, continuous rice, and nonlimiting rates of N fertilizer. Rotation of maize with rice or other techniques to ensure aerobic decomposition of crop residues may help mitigate or prevent phenol accumulation. C1 [Olk, D. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jimenez, R. R.; Moscoso, E.; Gapas, P.] Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dan.olk@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX This work was conducted during the authors' tenure at the International Rice Research Institute. We thank Noli Balanial and Vic Lubigan for the humic extractions. Completion of this work was partially supported by funds from the USDA-ARS. Statistical advice was provided by Dr. D.W Meek. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0438 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 439IX UT WOS:000265621900026 ER PT J AU Olk, DC Anders, MM Filley, TR Isbell, C AF Olk, D. C. Anders, M. M. Filley, T. R. Isbell, C. TI Crop Nitrogen Uptake and Soil Phenols Accumulation under Continuous Rice Cropping in Arkansas SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL LOWLAND SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; LIGNIN RESIDUES; YIELD DECLINE; FRACTIONS; SYSTEMS; DICYANDIAMIDE AB Soil C stocks in the Grand Prairie region of eastern Arkansas have declined under the prevalent 2-yr rotation of rice (Orzya sativa L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Continuous rice cropping could promote soil C sequestration, but in previous work continuous rice averaged 19% less grain yield than rice following soybean, apparently due to N deficiency. To further study N cycling, microplots were imbedded during the rice phase of a crop rotation field study in 2002 and 2004. Urea labeled with (15)N was applied preflood, when all N fertilizer is conventionally applied. Crop biomass was often smaller with continuous rice than with rice following soybean (sampled both years) and rice following corn (Zea mays L.) (sampled only in 2004), although the difference varied by growth stage. Crop uptake of native (14)N, presumably mineralized from soil organic matter, was inhibited with continuous rice in both years. This trend was clearest at harvest (P = 0.02), when continuous rice averaged 40 kg (14)N ha(-1) less uptake than rice in the two rotations. Fertilizer (15)N averaged only 30% of total crop N and its uptake differed among cropping treatments only in 2002. At harvest, soil C with continuous rice cropping was enriched by 42% with syringyl phenols and by 83% with cinnamic phenols compared with the rotations. These enrichments appear unrelated to estimated input rates of lignin-derived phenols. Results support the hypothesis that continuous rice cropping promotes the binding of soil N by lignin-derived phenols, thereby inhibiting N mineralization and late-season crop growth. Similar observations were reported for tropical rice production, suggesting that the responsible soil processes might be common in continuous rice cropping. C1 [Olk, D. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Anders, M. M.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Ext Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Filley, T. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Isbell, C.] Zero Grade Farms, England, AR 72046 USA. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dan.olk@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 952 EP 960 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0069 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 439IX UT WOS:000265621900027 ER PT J AU McFarlane, KJ Schoenholtz, SH Powers, RF AF McFarlane, Karis J. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Powers, Robert F. TI Plantation Management Intensity Affects Belowground Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in Northern California SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; REPEATED UREA FERTILIZATION; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; SOIL CARBON; PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST-SOIL; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; LITTER DECOMPOSITION AB Belowground C and N storage is important in maintaining forest productivity and to CO(2) sequestration. How these pools respond to management is poorly understood. We investigated effects of repeated applications of complete fertilizer and competing vegetation control with herbicides on C and N storage in forest-floor, fine-root, and mineral-soil C and N pools to 1-m depth at three Pinus ponderosa P Lawson & C. Lawson var. ponderosa plantations across a site quality gradient in northern California. Belowground C pools without treatment were 66, 153, and 199 Mg C ha(-1) for the low-, intermediate-, and high-quality sites, respectively, and N pools were 5.1, 6.7, and 6.5 Mg N ha(-1), respectively. Treatments increased tree-bole volume at 20 yr as much as 400%, while changes in C and N pools belowground were less dramatic. Herbicide treatment increased forest-floor C pools 35% at the poorer quality site. Fertilization increased forest-floor C and N storage 46 to 106% at all sites. Fertilization decreased fine-root C pools at 0 to 0.3 m at the most productive site 43% and increased this N pool 43% at the least productive site, but did not influence fine-root pools to 1 m. Fertilization increased mineral-soil C pools on lower quality sites, resulting in 12 to 57% more belowground C storage. At the intermediate site, fertilization increased total belowground N storage 12%. Results of this study suggest that the major sequestration mechanism up to this point in stand development is through gains in tree biomass rather than storage in fine roots and soil belowground. C1 [McFarlane, Karis J.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Eng Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Powers, Robert F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP McFarlane, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, POB 808,L-397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mcfarlane3@llnl.gov OI McFarlane, Karis/0000-0001-6390-7863 FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We thank Dave Young and Bert Spear for their assistance in the field. Chris Gerig and Erin Heim also helped with fieldwork and processed samples. David Myrold, Steve Perakis, and Glen Murphy edited early versions of this manuscript, and Alan Stangenberger supplied trs with unpublished, archived soil bulk density data from the University of California, Berkeley. Three anonymous reviewers provided comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. 'l'his study was supported by the National Fire Plan, the Sierra-Cascade Intensive Forest Management Research Cooperative, and Sierra Pacific Industries. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 1020 EP 1032 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0158 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 439IX UT WOS:000265621900036 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Caesar-Tonthat, T Lenssen, AW Evans, RG Kolberg, R AF Sainju, Upendra M. Caesar-Tonthat, Thecan Lenssen, Andrew W. Evans, Robert G. Kolberg, Robert TI Tillage and cropping sequence impacts on nitrogen cycling in dryland farming in eastern Montana, USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT HighLand 2006 International Symposium CY SEP 21-25, 2006 CL Mekelle, ETHIOPIA DE Cropping sequence; Dryland cropping system; Nitrogen cycling; Nitrogen fractions; Tillage; Residue nitrogen ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SPRING WHEAT; NO-TILL; SYSTEM INFLUENCES; SEMIARID MONTANA; CARBON; CONSERVATION AB Information on N cycling in dryland crops and soils as influenced by long-term tillage and cropping sequence is needed to quantify soil N sequestration, mineralization, and N balance to reduce N fertilization rate and N losses through soil processes. The 21-yr effects of the combinations of tillage and cropping sequences was evaluated on dryland crop grain and biomass (stems + leaves) N, soil surface residue N, soil N fractions, and N balance at the 0-20 cm depth in Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid, Typic Argiboroll) in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were no-tilled continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat-barley (Hordeum vulgare L) (1984-1999) followed by spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (2000-2004) (FSTW-B/P), and spring-tilled spring wheat-fallow (STW-F). Nitrogen fractions were soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH(4)-N, and NO(3)-N. Annualized crop grain and biomass N varied with treatments and years and mean grain and biomass N from 1984 to 2004 were 14.3-21.2 kg N ha(-1) greater in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, and FSTW-B/P than in STW-F. Soil surface residue N was 9.1-15.2 kg N ha(-1) greater in other treatments than in STW-F in 2004. The STN at 0-20 cm was 0.39-0.96 Mg N ha(-1), PON 0.10-0.30 Mg N ha(-1), and PNM 4.6-9.4 kg N ha(-1) greater in other treatments than in STW-F. At 0-5 cm, STN, PON, and MBN were greater in STCW than in FSTW-B/P and STW-F. At 5-20 cm, STN and PON were greater in NTCW and STCW than in SIW-F, PNM and MBN were greater in STCW than in NTCW and STW-F, and NO(3)-N was greater in FSTW-B/P than in NTCW and FSTCW. Estimated N loss through leaching, volatilization, or denitrification at 0-20 cm depth increased with increasing tillage frequency or greater with fallow than with continuous cropping and ranged from 9 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in NTCW to 46 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in SIW-F. Long-term no-till or spring till with continuous cropping increased dryland crop grain and biomass N, soil surface residue N, N storage, and potential N mineralization, and reduced N loss compared with the conventional system, such as STW-F, at the surface 20 cm layer. Greater tillage frequency, followed by pea inclusion in the last 5 out of 21 yr in FSTW-B/P, however, increased N availability at the subsurface layer in 2004. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Caesar-Tonthat, Thecan; Lenssen, Andrew W.; Evans, Robert G.; Kolberg, Robert] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 103 IS 2 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.still.2008.10.024 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 440WH UT WOS:000265729900017 ER PT J AU Mahon, JM Jordan, L Schimleck, LR Clark, A Daniels, RF AF Mahon, Jerry M., Jr. Jordan, Lewis Schimleck, Laurence R. Clark, Alexander, III Daniels, Richard F. TI A Comparison of Sampling Methods for a Standing Tree Acoustic Device SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article CT Southern Mensurationists Conference 2007 CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Orange Beach, AL DE acoustic velocity; analysis of covariance; loblolly pine; time of flight; TreeSonic ID STIFFNESS; VELOCITY; PINE; LOGS AB One method of evaluating potential product performance is the use of acoustic tools for identifying trees with high stiffness. Acoustic velocities for 100 standing labially pine (Pinus taeda) trees, obtained with the transmitting and receiving probes placed on the same face and opposite faces, were compared. Significant differences in velocity between the two methods were found, with velocity determined using the opposite-face method generally dependent on stem diameter, or the amount of wood through which the stress wave must pass. The only opposite-face method in which the velocities did not vary with dbh was for an assumed flight path where the stress wave traveled from the transmitting probe around the circumference of the stem in the outerwood and then down longitudinally to the receiving probe. Variation in velocities from hit-to-hit was 62% less using the opposite-face method compared with the same-face method. It is recommended to use the circumferential opposite-face (Vel_OC) calculation when determining stress wave velocity for a standing tree. C1 [Mahon, Jerry M., Jr.; Jordan, Lewis] Weyerhaeuser Co, Columbus, MS 39701 USA. [Schimleck, Laurence R.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mahon, JM (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser Co, Columbus, MS 39701 USA. EM jmabon@molpus.com; lewis.jordan@weyerhaeuser.com; lschimleck@warnell.uga.edu; aclark@fs.fed.us; ddaniels@warnell.uga.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 33 IS 2 BP 62 EP 68 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 445AS UT WOS:000266022600004 ER PT J AU Rodgers, J Beck, K AF Rodgers, James Beck, Keith TI NIR Characterization and Measurement of the Cotton Content of Dyed Blend Fabrics SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NIR; polyester; blend; fabrics AB Near infrared (NIR) techniques for the measurement of cotton-polyester (PET) blend content have concentrated on yarn slivers and greige fabrics rather than the more difficult application to dyed or printed fabrics. The need for a robust and rapid measurement of the fiber content in dyed cotton-PET fabrics has been expressed by several organizations. Investigations were initiated to develop NIR techniques to measure the cotton content of dyed blend fabrics. NI R measurements were made on dyed or pigmented cotton-PET fabrics that comprised a wide range of cotton content, fabric parameters, and patterns/colors. The samples were analyzed on two NIR instruments at two locations with various reflectance NIR sampling systems. Significant spectral differences were observed for 100% cotton and 100% PET samples, and these spectral differences carried over to the dyed cotton-PET samples with changing cotton content. The impacts of significant differences in baseline were minimized with the use of advanced chemometric normalization techniques. Rapid (less than 5 minutes) and accurate NIR measurements of the blend content in dyed cotton-PET fabrics were developed, with a NIR-laboratory method agreement normally within 3.0% cotton for nearly 90% and higher of the validation samples. C1 [Rodgers, James] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Beck, Keith] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rodgers, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM james.rodgers@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 79 IS 8 BP 675 EP 686 DI 10.1177/0040517508090884 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 442EP UT WOS:000265823100001 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Chu, CG Liu, ZH Xu, SS Halley, S Faris, JD AF Friesen, Timothy L. Chu, C. -G. Liu, Z. H. Xu, S. S. Halley, S. Faris, J. D. TI Host-selective toxins produced by Stagonospora nodorum confer disease susceptibility in adult wheat plants under field conditions SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; WINTER-WHEAT; TAN SPOT; PARTIAL RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; GLUME BLOTCH; LEAF BLOTCH; GENE; SENSITIVITY; PATHOSYSTEM AB Stagonospora nodorum, causal agent of Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), is a destructive pathogen of wheat worldwide. As is true for many necrotrophic host-pathogen systems, the wheat-S. nodorum system is complex and resistance to SNB is usually quantitatively inherited. We recently showed that S. nodorum produces at least four proteinaceous host-selective toxins that interact with dominant host sensitivity/susceptibility gene products to induce SNB in seedlings. Here, we evaluated a population of wheat recombinant inbred lines that segregates for Tsn1, Snn2, and Snn3, which confer sensitivity to the toxins SnToxA, SnTox2, and SnTox3, respectively, to determine if compatible host-toxin interactions are associated with adult plant susceptibility to SNB foliar disease under field conditions. Artificial inoculation of the population in 2 years and two locations with a fungal isolate known to produce SnToxA and SnTox2 indicated that compatible SnToxA-Tsn1 and SnTox2-Snn2 interactions accounted for as much as 18 and 15% of the variation in disease severity on the flag leaf, respectively. As previously reported for seedlings, the effects of these two interactions in conferring adult plant susceptibility were largely additive. Additional adult plant resistance QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1B, 4B, and 5A, of which, the 1B and 5A QTLs were previously reported to be associated with seedling resistance to SNB. Therefore, in this population, some of the same QTLs are responsible for seedling and adult plant resistance/susceptibility. This is the first report showing that host-selective toxins confer susceptibility of adult plants to SNB, further substantiating the importance of compatible toxin-host interactions in the wheat-S. nodorum pathosystem. C1 [Friesen, Timothy L.; Xu, S. S.; Faris, J. D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chu, C. -G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Liu, Z. H.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Halley, S.] N Dakota State Univ, Langdon Res Extens Ctr, Langdon, ND 58249 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 118 IS 8 BP 1489 EP 1497 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-0997-2 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 444DA UT WOS:000265959300007 PM 19266177 ER PT J AU Yu, GT Cai, XW Harris, MO Gu, YQ Luo, MC Xu, SS AF Yu, Guo Tai Cai, Xiwen Harris, Marion O. Gu, Yong Qiang Luo, Ming-Cheng Xu, Steven S. TI Saturation and comparative mapping of the genomic region harboring Hessian fly resistance gene H26 in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BRACHYPODIUM-DISTACHYON; BREAD WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-3; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; GRASS GENOMICS; UNITED-STATES; COMMON WHEAT; RICE AB Resistance gene H26, derived from Aegilops tauschii Coss., is one of the most effective R genes against the Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], an important pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Using a limited number of PCR-based molecular markers a previous study mapped H26 to the wheat chromosomal deletion bin 3DL3-0.81-1.00. The objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring H26 with newly developed PCR-based markers and to investigate the collinearity of this wheat chromosomal region with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Brachypodium distachyon genome. A population of 96 F(2) individuals segregating at the H26 gene locus was used for saturation mapping. All wheat ESTs assigned to the deletion bin 3DL3-0.81-1.00 were used to design STS (sequence tagged site) primers. The wheat ESTs mapped near H26 were further used to BLAST rice and B. distachyon genomic sequences for comparative mapping. To date, 26 newly developed STS markers have been mapped to the chromosomal region spanning the H26 locus. Two of them were mapped 1.0 cM away from the H26 locus. Comparative analysis identified genomic regions on rice chromosome 1 and Brachypodium Super contig 13 which are collinear with the genomic region spanning the H26 locus within the distal region of 3DL. The newly developed STS markers closely linked to H26 will be useful for mapped-based cloning of H26 and marker-assisted selection of this gene in wheat breeding. The results will also enhance understanding of this chromosomal region which contains several other Hessian fly resistance genes. C1 [Xu, Steven S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Yu, Guo Tai; Harris, Marion O.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Cai, Xiwen] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gu, Yong Qiang] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM steven.xu@ars.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-033-00D] FX We thank Drs. Chao-Chien Jan and Bin Ye for critically reviewing the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-22000-033-00D. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 118 IS 8 BP 1589 EP 1599 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1006-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 444DA UT WOS:000265959300015 PM 19322558 ER PT J AU Mccarthy, SG Duda, JJ Emlen, JM Hodgson, GR Beauchamp, DA AF Mccarthy, Sarah G. Duda, Jeffrey J. Emlen, John M. Hodgson, Garth R. Beauchamp, David A. TI Linking Habitat Quality with Trophic Performance of Steelhead along Forest Gradients in the South Fork Trinity River Watershed, California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; RAINBOW-TROUT; OLD-GROWTH; FOOD WEBS; STREAM; SALMON; FISH; SURVIVAL; PREY AB We examined invertebrate prey. fish diet, and energy assimilation in relation to habitat variation for steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) and rainbow trout in nine low-order tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River, northern California. These streams spanned a range of environmental conditions, which allowed us to use bioeneractics modeling to determine the relative effects of forest cover, stream temperature, season, and fish age on food consumption and growth efficiency. Evidence of seasonal shifts in reliance on aquatic versus terrestrial food sources was detected among forest cover categories and fish ages, although these categories were not robust indicators of O. mykiss condition and growth efficiency. Consumption estimates were generally less than 20% of maximum consumption, and fish lost weight in some streams during summer low-flow conditions when stream temperatures exceeded 15 degrees C, Current 100-year climate change projections for California threaten to exacerbate negative growth patterns and may undermine the productivity of this steelhead population, which is currently not listed as endangered or threatened. To demonstrate the potential effect of global warming on fish growth. we ran three climate change scenarios in two representative streams. Simulated temperature increases ranging from 1.4 degrees C to 5.5 degrees C during the summer and from 1.5 degrees C to 2.9 degrees C during the winter amplified the weight loss: estimated average growth for age-1 fish was 0.4-4.5 times lower than normal (low to high estimated temperature increase) in the warm stream and 0.05-0.8 times lower in the cool stream. We conclude that feeding rate and temperature during the summer currently limit the growth and productivity of steelhead and rainbow trout in low-order streams in the South Fork Trinity River basin and predict that climate change will have detrimental effects on steelhead growth as well as on macroinvertebrate communities and stream ecosystems in general. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.; Emlen, John M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hodgson, Garth R.] US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Mccarthy, SG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sarahpdr@yahoo.com RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, the University of Washington, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Forest Service's Redwood Sciences Laboratory FX We thank Hartwell Welsh of the U.S. Forest Service's Redwood Sciences Laboratory in Arcata. California, as well as John Lang and Jim Fitzgerald of the U.S. Forest Service's ranger station in Hayfork, California, for background research, local insight, field Support, and supplementary data. Funding and support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, the University of Washington, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the U.S. Forest Service's Redwood Sciences Laboratory. Additional assistants and volunteers included Evelyn Chia, Daniel O'Donnell, Adam Van Mason, Catherine Chambers, Christina Galitsky, Jeremy Steinbacher, Jim Matilla, Chris Sergeant, and Steve Damm. This paper benefited from reviews by Wait Duffy, Scott Vanderkooi, and journal peer reviewers. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion Of others that may be suitable. NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 138 IS 3 BP 506 EP 521 DI 10.1577/T08-053.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EJ UT WOS:000268501100006 ER PT J AU Ebersole, JL Colvin, ME Wigington, PJ Leibowitz, SG Baker, JP Church, MR Compton, JE Miller, BA Cairns, MA Hansen, BP LaVigne, HR AF Ebersole, Joseph L. Colvin, Mike E. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Leibowitz, Scott G. Baker, Joan P. Church, M. Robbins Compton, Jana E. Miller, Bruce A. Cairns, Michael A. Hansen, Bruce P. LaVigne, Henry R. TI Modeling Stream Network-Scale Variation in Coho Salmon Overwinter Survival and Smolt Size SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; WINTER REARING HABITAT; OREGON COASTAL STREAMS; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; ATLANTIC SALMON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; WASHINGTON STREAMS; RESIDENT SALMONIDS AB We used multiple regression and hierarchical mixed-effects models to examine spatial patterns of overwinter survival and size at smolting in juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in relation to habitat attributes across an extensive stream network in southwestern Oregon over 3 years. Contributing basin area explained the majority of spatial variation (R-2 = 0.57-0.63) in coho salmon overwinter Survival (range 0.02-0.63). with highest survival rates observed in smaller headwater and intermittent streams. Other habitat attributes, including proportional pool area, percent exposed bedrock substrate, percent broadleaf canopy cover, and adult salmon carcass density. were relatively poor predictors Of Survival. Indices of individual fish condition. including fall parr fork length, condition factor, and Parasite infestation tales. were also relatively uninformative in coho salmon overwinter survival models. Cohn salmon smolt length was primarily a function of length at the time of fall tagging. but stream type, contributing basin area (positive effect), thermal history (positive effect), and black spot infestation (i.e.. trematode metacercariae negative effect) were also important, The consistent, broad spatial gradients in overwinter Survival observed in this study can help guide efforts designed to enhance coho salmon production in coastal streams and suggest that habitat protection. restoration. and enhancement strategies will be best guided by a whole-basin context. C1 [Ebersole, Joseph L.; Wigington, Parker J., Jr.; Leibowitz, Scott G.; Baker, Joan P.; Church, M. Robbins; Compton, Jana E.; Cairns, Michael A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Colvin, Mike E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Miller, Bruce A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. [Hansen, Bruce P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [LaVigne, Henry R.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ebersole, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM ebersole.joe@epa.gov NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 138 IS 3 BP 564 EP 580 DI 10.1577/T08-047.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EJ UT WOS:000268501100010 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Lee, DH Sudduth, KA Chung, SO Kitchen, NR Drummond, ST AF Lee, K. S. Lee, D. H. Sudduth, K. A. Chung, S. O. Kitchen, N. R. Drummond, S. T. TI WAVELENGTH IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE ESTIMATION FOR SURFACE AND PROFILE SOIL PROPERTIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 17-20, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy; Optical properties; Precision agriculture; Sensors; Site-specific; Soil properties ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC-MATTER; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; NIR SPECTROPHOTOMETER; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; MOISTURE; CARBON; SENSOR; SELECTION AB Optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been used to estimate soil physical and chemical properties, but much of the previous work has been limited to surface soils or to samples obtained from a restricted geographic area. Our objectives in this research were: (1) to assess the accuracy of DRS for estimating variation in several important surface and profile soil properties across a wide range of soils from the U.S. Corn Belt, and (2) to determine the wavelength ranges and/or specific wavelengths that should be included in a DRS soil property sensor. Soil cores were obtained to a 120 cm depth from ten fields, two each in Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, South Dakota, and Iowa. Cores were segmented by pedogenic horizon and samples (n = 165 for the surface soil horizon, n = 697 for all soil horizons in the profile) were analyzed for texture fractions, cations (calcium, magnesium, and potassium) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, total and organic carbon, and total nitrogen using standard laboratory procedures. Spectra were obtained on sieved, air-dried soils from 350 to 2500 tun using a commercial three-detector spectrometer. Reflectance data were related to soil properties using partial least squares (PLS) regression and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR). Calibration accuracies varied among the different soil properties, but for a given soil property, similar accuracies were generally obtained with PLS and SMLR. The most accurate estimates, with R(2) values above 0.8, were obtained for organic carbon, clay, CEC, and calcium. When data from each of the three spectrometer detector ranges were analyzed separately with PLS, the third detector range (1770 to 2500 nm) provided results similar to those obtained using the complete spectral range. Discrete wavelength models that described 90% or more of the variance described by a full model were obtained using eight or fewer wavelengths for the profile dataset and six or fewer wavelengths for the surface dataset. Several wavelengths and wavelength ranges common to models for multiple soil properties were identified: 2070 nm, 1870 to 1915 nm, and 2220 to 2410 nm. Because additional wavelengths important for individual soil properties were dispersed across the 1770 to 2500 nm spectral range, a full-spectrum sensing approach is recommended for simultaneous estimation of multiple soil properties. A discrete-waveband sensor could be practical for estimating one or two individual soil properties. C1 [Sudduth, K. A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, K. S.; Lee, D. H.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Biomechatron Engn, Suwon, South Korea. [Chung, S. O.] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Taejon, South Korea. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Ken.Sudduth@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 683 EP 695 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 475GQ UT WOS:000268347000001 ER PT J AU Tekeste, MZ Raper, RL Schwab, EB Seymour, L AF Tekeste, M. Z. Raper, R. L. Schwab, E. B. Seymour, L. TI SOIL DRYING EFFECTS ON SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL HARDPAN ATTRIBUTES ON PACOLET SANDY LOAM SOIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bulk density; Cone index; Hardpan; Semivariogram; Soil compaction; Soil moisture ID CONE PENETROMETER; STRENGTH AB Soil hardpans found in many of the southeastern U.S. soils reduce crop yields by restricting the root growth. Site-specific soil compaction management to alleviate this problem requires determination of the spatial variability and mapping of soil hardpans. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial variability of soil hardpan as influenced by soil moisture. Geo-referenced soil cone index measurements were taken in 200 grid cells (10 m X 10 m grid cell size) on Pacolet sandy loam soil (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) in Auburn, Alabama, on 29 June and 25 August 2004, representing "wet" and "dry" soil measurement dates. Core samples were also taken in 5 cm depth increments up to a depth of 65 cm for soil moisture and bulk density determinations. Statistical and geostatistical methods were used for the data analysis. In the 0-35 cm depth, the soil moisture had dried significantly by 25 August 2004 (dry) as compared to the soil moisture on 29 June 2004 (wet; P < 0.0001). An isotropic spherical semivariogram model best fit the semivariances of the peak cone index for wet (R(2) = 0.98) and dry (R(2) = 0.97) soil conditions. Soil drying increased the peak cone index and the maximum semivariance value (sill). Small but statistically significant differences (P < 0.0001) were also observed oil the depth to the peak cone index as the soil dried in the 0-35 cm depth. In the dry soil condition, the sentivariances of the depth to the peak cone index were nearly constant over the separation distances, suggesting that the depth to the hardpan did not exhibit substantial spatial dependence. C1 [Tekeste, M. Z.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Raper, R. L.; Schwab, E. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Seymour, L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tekeste, MZ (reprint author), Deere & Co, 6805 74th Ave, I-61264 Milan, IL, Italy. EM tekestemehari@johndeere.com NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 697 EP 705 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 475GQ UT WOS:000268347000002 ER PT J AU Thomson, SJ Smith, LA Hanks, JE AF Thomson, S. J. Smith, L. A. Hanks, J. E. TI EVALUATION OF APPLICATION ACCURACY AND PERFORMANCE OF A HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED VARIABLE-RATE AERIAL APPLICATION SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Aerial application; Automatic flow control; Precision agriculture; Site-specific management; Variable-rate application ID RECEIVERS AB An aerial variable-rate application system consisting of DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System)-based guidance, an automatic flow controller, and a hydraulically controlled pump was evaluated for response to rapidly changing flow requirements and accuracy of application. Spray deposition position error was evaluated by direct field observation of water-sensitive paper (WSP) cards while traveling east to west and north to south across rate change boundaries. Data from the flow controller and a custom-built flowmeter monitor were used to evaluate flow controller error and variable-rate system error while making applications to a series of four management zones (28, 47, 56, and 37 L ha(-1); each 81 in long). Observations of WSP showed that average spray deposition position error magnitude was 5.0 in when traveling east to west and 5.2 in when traveling north to south. Statistical analysis indicated that direction of travel had a non-significant effect on the magnitude of spray deposition position error Flow controller error and variable-rate system error were evaluated from data collected while making applications to a series of four management zones (each zone required approximately 1.2 s) with application rates of 28, 47, 56, and 37 L ha-1. Areas under time plots of required and actual flow rates were compared and indicated flow controller error ranging from -1.0% to 2.1%. Variable-rate system error due to rate change timing was evaluated by comparing required rates from the system to required rates from the prescription. A rea under time plots of these variables showed that average rate timing error for six application passes ranged from -9.1% to 1.4% with an average of -3.04%. Considering the speed at which changes have to be made for aircraft typically flying at 65 m s(-1), the hydraulically operated variable-rale system performed well for location accuracy of deposition, response to changing flow rates, and accuracy of application amounts for the prescription. C1 [Thomson, S. J.; Smith, L. A.; Hanks, J. E.] USDA ARS, APTRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomson, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, APTRU, POB 36, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM steve.thomson@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 715 EP 722 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 475GQ UT WOS:000268347000004 ER PT J AU Qi, S Sun, G Wang, Y McNulty, SG Myers, JAM AF Qi, S. Sun, G. Wang, Y. McNulty, S. G. Myers, J. A. Moore TI STREAMFLOW RESPONSE TO CLIMATE AND LANDUSE CHANGES IN A COASTAL WATERSHED IN NORTH CAROLINA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Landuse change; PRMS; Watershed streamflow North Carolina ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; IMPACTS; CATCHMENT; RUNOFF; FOREST; SCALE; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB It is essential to examine the sensitivity of hydrologic responses to climate and landuse change across different physiographic regions in order to formulate sound water management policies for local response to projected global change. This study used the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model to examine the potential impacts of climate and landuse changes on the monthly streamflow of the Trent River basin on the lower coastal plain of eastern North Carolina. The model was first calibrated and then validated using measured, historic, long-term daily streamflow. The model performed satisfactorily for simulating monthly streamflow, as indicated by an overall Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency greater than 0.85. We examined the sensitivity of streamflow to changes in air temperature and precipitation. The simulations suggested that streamflow of individual years could change from -93% to 238%, depending on the two global circulation model (GCM) scenarios used (i.e., HadCMSul2 and CGC1). Streamflow of the Trent River will decrease with an increase in air temperature, and increase (or decrease) with an increase (or decrease) in precipitation. Streamflow was more sensitive to prescribed changes in precipitation than to air temperature for the study area, given its high and stable evapotranspiration rates in the humid climatic environment. Seven hypothetical landuse change scenarios representing forest conversion to crop lands and urban areas indicated that water yield could increase by 14% to 20%. The likely impacts of landuse changes may not be as high as those caused by predicted changes in climate, but moderate urbanization and extreme hydrologic events caused by climate change could pose significant water quantity and quality problems in the Trent River basin. C1 [Sun, G.; McNulty, S. G.; Myers, J. A. Moore] USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Qi, S.; Wang, Y.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sun, G (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ge_sun@ncsu.edu FU China Scholarship Council; China National Natural Science Foundation [30571486]; USDA Forest Service Southern Global Change Program FX This study was supported by China Scholarship Council for Shi Qi's postdoctoral study at North Carolina State University. Partial support was provided by China National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 30571486) and the USDA Forest Service Southern Global Change Program. The authors are grateful for the insights from two anonymous reviewers and the ASABE Associate Editor, which greatly improved the original manuscript. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 739 EP 749 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 475GQ UT WOS:000268347000007 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Arnold, JG Vazquez-Amabile, GG Engel, BA Rossi, CG AF Moriasi, D. N. Arnold, J. G. Vazquez-Amabile, G. G. Engel, B. A. Rossi, C. G. TI INCORPORATION OF A NEW SHALLOW WATER TABLE DEPTH ALGORITHM INTO SWAT2005 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE DRAINMOD; Simulation; SWAT; Watershed; Water table depth ID HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; SOIL; SIMULATION; UNCERTAINTY; VALIDATION; STREAMFLOW AB The fluctuation of the shallow water table depth (wtd) is important for planning drainage systems at the plot-, field-, and watershed-scale because its proximity to the ground surface impacts farm machine trafficability, crop development, agricultural chemical transport, soil salinity, and drainage. Therefore, it is important for hydrologic models to accurately simulate wtd. The goals of this study were to: (1) develop and incorporate a new wtd algorithm into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model (SWAT Release 2005), a continuous-time, physically based, watershed-scale hydrologic model, in order to improve the prediction of the wtd; and (2) evaluate the wtd prediction improvement using measured wtd data for three observation wells located within the Muscatatuck River basin in southeast Indiana. The Modified DRAINMOD wtd simulation approach, based oil the DRAINMOD wtd prediction approach, was developed and incorporated into SWAT2005. SWAT2005 was calibrated and validated for wtd for the three observation wells, and the wtd prediction performance of the Modified DRAINMOD approach was compared to those of three other wtd routines used in SWAT Based on the simulation results, the Modified DRAINMOD approach yielded the best wtd prediction performance, as indicated by the highest average daily calibration and validation Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values of 0.64 and 0.41, respectively, and correlation coefficient (R) values of 0.81 and 0.65, respectively, and the lowest percent bias (PBIAS) values of -13% and -3%, respectively, and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.41 m and 0.59 m, respectively, for the three observation wells. This implies that the Modified DRAINMOD approach within SWAT2005 improved the prediction of wtd. Enhanced wtd prediction is anticipated to increase the simulation accuracy of watershed hydrologic processes and water management components such as tile drainage. C1 [Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Arnold, J. G.; Rossi, C. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Vazquez-Amabile, G. G.] Univ La Plata, Grad Sch, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Engel, B. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 FU USDA-ARS FX The authors are grateful to Nancy Sammons and Georgie Mitchell and for their invaluable assistance with incorporation of the Modified DRAINMOD approach into SWAT2005 and the model evaluation. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-ARS. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 771 EP 784 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 475GQ UT WOS:000268347000010 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Yoon, SC Jones, DR Heitschmidt, GW Park, B Windham, WR AF Lawrence, K. C. Yoon, S. C. Jones, D. R. Heitschmidt, G. W. Park, B. Windham, W. R. TI MODIFIED PRESSURE SYSTEM FOR IMAGING EGG CRACKS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE CCD camera; Cracks; Image processing; Machine vision; Negative pressure; Shell eggs; Vacuum ID MACHINE VISION AB One aspect of grading table eggs is shell checks or cracks. Currently, USDA voluntary regulations require that humans grade a representative sample of all eggs processed. However, as processing plants and packing facilities continue to increase their volume and throughput, human graders are having difficulty matching the pace of the machines. Additionally, some plants also have a problem with micro-cracks that the graders often miss because they are very small and hard to see immediately post-processing but grow and become readily apparent before they reach market. An imaging system was developed to help the grader detect these small micro-cracks. The imaging system utilized one image captured at atmospheric pressure and a second at a slight negative pressure to enhance the crack and make detection much easier A simple image processing algorithm was then applied to the ratio of these two images, and the resulting image, containing both cracked and/or intact eggs were color-coded to simplify identification. The imaging system was capable of imaging 15 eggs in about 0.75 s, and the algorithm processing took about another 10 s. These times could easily be reduced with a compiled program specifically written for the application. In analyzing 1000 eggs, the system was 99.6% accurate overall with only 0.3% false positives, compared to 94.2% accurate overall for the human graders with 1.2% false positives. An international patent on the system has been filed, and further automation of the system is needed. C1 [Lawrence, K. C.; Yoon, S. C.; Jones, D. R.; Heitschmidt, G. W.; Park, B.; Windham, W. R.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM kurt.lawrence@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 983 EP 990 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 475GQ UT WOS:000268347000031 ER PT J AU Park, B Yoon, SC Kise, M Lawrence, KC Windham, WR AF Park, B. Yoon, S. C. Kise, M. Lawrence, K. C. Windham, W. R. TI ADAPTIVE IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS FOR IMPROVING CONTAMINANT DETECTION ACCURACY ON POULTRY CARCASSES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Contamination; False positive; Food safety; Machine vision; Multispectral imaging; On-line inspection; Poultry ID FECAL DETECTION AB A real-time multispectral imaging system has demonstrated a science-based tool for fecal and ingesta contaminant detection during poultry processing. In order to implement this imaging system in the commercial poultry processing industry, the false positives must be removed. To do this, we tested and implemented additional image processing algorithms including binning, cuticle removal filter, median filtering, and morphological analysis in real-time mode to maximize detection accuracy and minimize false positives (FPs). The median filtering and binning processes were able to reduce FPs up to 98.7% and 95.2%, respectively, by eliminating most of the salt-and-pepper noise from the raw images. The detection accuracy varied with the parameter values of the image processing algorithms, including binning, thresholding, median filtering, and morphological analysis. Overall contaminant detection accuracy on moving birds varied from 84.3% to 97.8%, and FP errors were 1.9% and 47.8%, respectively. Although neither the overall detection accuracy nor FP errors were affected by the camera gain, the detection accuracy results changed slightly, from 87.4% to 95.1%. In this case, the FP errors were 1.8% and 15.9%, respectively. Thus, the USDA-ARS multispectral imaging system was able to detect contaminants with 91.6% accuracy and 3.3% FP errors by selecting optimum image processing methods at a processing speed of 140 birds per minute. C1 [Park, B.; Yoon, S. C.; Lawrence, K. C.; Windham, W. R.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Kise, M.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Precis Agr Syst, Prosser, WA USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 999 EP 1008 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 475GQ UT WOS:000268347000033 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Kim, SH Timlin, DJ Fleisher, DH Quebedeaux, B Reddy, VR AF Yang, Y. Kim, S. -H. Timlin, D. J. Fleisher, D. H. Quebedeaux, B. Reddy, V. R. TI SIMULATING CANOPY TRANSPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF CORN PLANTS UNDER CONTRASTING WATER REGIMES USING A COUPLED MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Crop modeling; Drought stress; Growth chamber; Soil water content; Stomatal conductance ID LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS; ZEA-MAYS L; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HYDRAULIC SIGNALS; LEAVES; CO2; RESPONSES; STRESS; MAIZE AB A process-based corn simulation model (MaizSim) was coupled with a two-dimensional soil simulator (2DSOIL) to simulate transpiration and photosynthesis of corn under contrasting water regimes. To improve the simulation of stomatal reaction to drought stress, a hydraulic stomatal control algorithm was implemented in the coupled photosynthesis-stomatal conductance module. Corn plants were grown in sunlit growth chambers and irrigated at three different frequencies. Simulated soil water content, transpiration, and photosynthesis rates were compared with those measured in the chambers. Comparison among simulations and measurements indicated that the coupled model was able to simulate the changes in soil water contents as well as the changes in transpiration and photosynthesis rates of corn plants under varying water status over the growing season. It was also found that the simulated photosynthesis rates were not as sensitive to reduction in stomatal conductance as the simulated transpiration rates. Reasons for this difference are discussed from the modeling viewpoint. This result agreed with the differences in sensitivity of photosynthesis and transpiration to changes in stomatal closure that have been reported in the literature. These results suggest that the coupled model not only is a valuable tool in studying corn transpiration and photosynthesis under drought stress, but it also provides a platform to implement and evaluate algorithms in studies of corn crop water dynamics and CO2 assimilation. C1 [Yang, Y.] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. [Kim, S. -H.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Timlin, D. J.; Fleisher, D. H.; Reddy, V. R.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Quebedeaux, B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, POB 169, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. EM yang@ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1011 EP 1024 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 475GQ UT WOS:000268347000034 ER PT J AU Ha, W Mansell, RS Shinde, D Kim, NH Ajwa, HA Stanley, CD AF Ha, Wonsook Mansell, Robert S. Shinde, Dilip Kim, Nam-Ho Ajwa, Husein A. Stanley, Craig D. TI 2-D Simulation of Non-isothermal Fate and Transport of a Drip-applied Fumigant in Plastic-mulched Soil Beds. I. Model Development and Performance Investigation SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE Soil fumigant; Metham sodium (MS); Methyl isothiocyanate(MITC); Non-isothermal pesticide fate/transport; Numerical model ID METHYL-BROMIDE; BARE SOIL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER; SURFACE; YIELD; HEAT; ALGORITHMS; EXTRACTION; STRAWBERRY AB Pre-plant application of toxic fumigants to soil beds covered by plastic film is commonly used in agriculture to control soil-borne pathogens. Plastic mulch covers tend to physically suppress the emissive loss of gaseous fumigant to the atmosphere. When liquid fumigant metham sodium (MS) is applied in irrigation water to field soil, it is rapidly transformed to the gaseous methyl isothiocyanate (MITC). The gaseous MITC is a potential atmospheric contaminant, and any untransformed MS is a potential contaminant of underlying groundwater due to the high water solubility of MS. A finite element numerical model was developed to investigate two-dimensional MITC fate/transport under non-isothermal soil conditions. Directional solar heating on soil beds, coupled heat and water flow in the soil, and non-isothermal chemical transport were included in the model. Field soil data for MITC distribution, soil water content, meteorological data, and laboratory data were used to verify the model for soil beds covered with plastic mulch. Four possible scenarios were considered: low and high drip-irrigation rates and low and high water contents. The movement of the center of MITC mass in the soil profile was effectively simulated. The lower drip-irrigation rate of MS yielded more extensive coverage of MITC in the plastic-covered soil bed. The lower soil air contents due to higher soil water contents for the higher irrigation rate resulted in high concentrations of soil MITC. NRMSE (normalized root mean square error) calculations further verified that the model predicted fumigant fate/transport well under these non-isothermal field conditions. C1 [Ha, Wonsook] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Mansell, Robert S.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shinde, Dilip] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Kim, Nam-Ho] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ajwa, Husein A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Stanley, Craig D.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. RP Ha, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Wonsook.Ha@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD MAY PY 2009 VL 78 IS 1 BP 77 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s11242-008-9287-8 PG 23 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 430EZ UT WOS:000264972900005 ER PT J AU Hao, GY Jones, TJ Luton, C Zhang, YJ Manzane, E Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Cao, KF Goldstein, G AF Hao, Guang-You Jones, Tim J. Luton, Corene Zhang, Yong-Jiang Manzane, Eric Scholz, Fabian G. Bucci, Sandra J. Cao, Kun-Fang Goldstein, Guillermo TI Hydraulic redistribution in dwarf Rhizophora mangle trees driven by interstitial soil water salinity gradients: impacts on hydraulic architecture and gas exchange SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic lift; mangrove; sap flow; water relations ID NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA TREES; VS. PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; MANGROVE FOREST; SAP FLOW; ROOTS; GROWTH; PLANTS; LIFT AB Rhizophora mangle L. trees of Biscayne National Park (Florida, USA) have two distinct growth forms: tall trees (5-10 m) growing along the coast and dwarf trees (1 m or less) growing in the adjacent inland zone. Sharp decreases in salinity and thus increases in soil water potential from Surface soil to about a depth of I in were found at the dwarf mangrove site but not at the tall mangrove site. Consistent with our prediction, hydraulic redistribution detected by reverse sap flow in shallow prop roots was observed during nighttime, early morning and late afternoon in dwarf trees, but not In tall trees. In addition, hydraulic redistribution was observed throughout the 24-h period during a low temperature spell. Dwarf trees had significantly lower sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity, smaller stein vessel diameter, lower leaf area to sapwood area ratio (LA/SA), smaller leaf size and higher leaf mass per area. Leaves of dwarf trees had lower CO(2) assimilation rate and lower stomatal conductance compared to tall trees. Leaf water potentials at midday were more negative in tall trees that are consistent with their substantially higher stomatal conductance and LA/SA. The substantially lower water transport efficiency and the more conservative water use of dwarf trees may be due to a combination of factors such as high salinity in the surface soil, particularly during dry periods, and Substantial reverse sap flow in shallow roots that make upper soil layers with high salinity a competing sink of water to the transpiring leaves. There may also be a benefit for the dwarf trees in having hydraulic redistribution because the reverse flow and the release of water to upper soil layers should lead to dilution of the high salinity in the rhizosphere and thus relieve its potential harm to dwarf R. mangle trees. C1 [Hao, Guang-You; Jones, Tim J.; Luton, Corene; Zhang, Yong-Jiang; Manzane, Eric; Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hao, Guang-You; Zhang, Yong-Jiang; Cao, Kun-Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla 666303, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Hao, Guang-You; Zhang, Yong-Jiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 10049, Peoples R China. [Jones, Tim J.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Luton, Corene] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nevada Fisheries Resource Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, CONICET, RA-9000 San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivada, Argentina. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Lab Ecol Funct, Dept Biol, RA-9000 San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivada, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, Lab Ecol Funct, Dept Ciencias Biol, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM gold@bio.miami.edu RI Cao, Kun-Fang/D-2157-2009; OI Cao, Kun-Fang/0000-0002-2253-7189; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 FU National Science Foundation (USA) [DEB-0542912] FX The authors are grateful to Biscayne National Park for providing access to the Study sites. This work Was Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (USA) DEB-0542912. The authors also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp005 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 442OM UT WOS:000265850500007 PM 19324702 ER PT J AU Archetti, M Doring, TF Hagen, SB Hughes, NM Leather, SR Lee, DW Lev-Yadun, S Manetas, Y Ougham, HJ Schaberg, PG Thomas, H AF Archetti, Marco Doering, Thomas F. Hagen, Snorre B. Hughes, Nicole M. Leather, Simon R. Lee, David W. Lev-Yadun, Simcha Manetas, Yiannis Ougham, Helen J. Schaberg, Paul G. Thomas, Howard TI Response to Sinkkonen: Ultraviolet reflectance in autumn leaves and the un-naming of colours SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter C1 [Archetti, Marco] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Doering, Thomas F.; Leather, Simon R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Hagen, Snorre B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Hughes, Nicole M.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Lee, David W.] Natl Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33155 USA. [Lev-Yadun, Simcha] Univ Haifa, Dept Sci Educ Biol, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. [Manetas, Yiannis] Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Patras 26500, Greece. [Ougham, Helen J.; Thomas, Howard] Aberystwyth Univ, IBERS, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Dyfed, Wales. [Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Archetti, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM marco.archetti@zoo.ox.ac.uk RI Thomas, Howard/G-6812-2011; Hagen, Snorre/O-5220-2015; OI Hagen, Snorre/0000-0001-8289-7752; Doring, Thomas/0000-0001-9074-5978 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 237 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2009.01.007 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 447JT UT WOS:000266188100003 ER PT J AU Derby, NE Casey, FXM Kinghton, RE AF Derby, Nathan E. Casey, Francis X. M. Kinghton, Raymond E. TI Long-Term Observations of Vadose Zone and Groundwater Nitrate Concentrations under Irrigated Agriculture SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; TILE DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; SANDY SOILS; CORN YIELD; FERTILIZER; SYSTEMS; LYSIMETERS AB Proper N management for agricultural production is critical to minimize contamination with NO(3). For 18 yr, research was conducted to observe NO(3)-N concentrations in the vadose zone, groundwater, and subsurface under sprinkler-irrigated, primarily corn (Zea mays L.) production. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were also grown intermittently on the site. The lysimeter leachate NO(3)-N concentration to 156 mg L(-1) under corn production within 1 yr after the initiation of irrigation (at the onset of the study), decreased to < 10 mg L(-1) during a 6-yr period of best-management N fertility management for corn. The average lysimeter NO(3)-N concentration fluctuated between 8 and 117 mg L(-1) during the study. Nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater followed a similar time series trend as leachate concentrations, but with lower concentrations lagging about 1 yr. Subsurface drainage NO(3)-N concentrations were much lower but followed the same trend as shallow groundwater. An N balance indicated higher net N mineralization after the initiation of irrigation and the after potato production. Fertilizer N application rates and yearly weather conditions, which affected crop vigor N uptake, combined to affect the fall residual soil NO(3). Fall soil NO3 from 0- to 1.8-m depth was the most significant influencing the leachate NO(3)-N concentration each year during the study (r(2) = 0.76). C1 [Derby, Nathan E.; Casey, Francis X. M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Kinghton, Raymond E.] USDA CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Derby, NE (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM nathan.derby@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 FU U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, North Dakota Dep. of Health; CSREES Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS) FX Funding and sample analysis was provided in part by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, North Dakota Dep. of Health, and CSREES Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS). NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0162 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 448YE UT WOS:000266297100002 ER PT J AU Green, TR Dunn, GH Erskine, RH Salas, JD Ahuja, LR AF Green, Timothy R. Dunn, Gale H. Erskine, Robert H. Salas, Jose D. Ahuja, Lajpat R. TI Fractal Analyses of Steady Infiltration and Terrain on an Undulating Agricultural Field SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL-MOISTURE IMAGES; LAND-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CROP YIELD; DISC INFILTROMETERS; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; MESOSCALE RAINFALL; WATER AB Analysis of spatially distributed quasi-steady infiltration measurements is important because of the effects of infiltration capacity on spatial patterns of soil water, nutrients, and plant development and production. We explored fractal models of quasi-steady infiltration rates, emphasizing apparent changes in scaling exponents with domain size. Quasi-steady infiltration rates were measured using single-ring (0.30-m-diameter) constant-head infiltrometers at 150 locations over 10 landscape positions (30 by 30 m, or approximately 0.1 ha) across a field (approximately 100 ha). At each landscape position, 15 rings were distributed randomly in nested patterns. The field in northeastern Colorado comprises undulating agricultural terrain cropped with dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under conventional tillage. Data were analyzed for multifractal and monofractal behavior. A monofractal model fit the infiltration data best, while terrain attributes other than elevation deviated from monofractals to different degrees. The Hurst exponent (H) was estimated by fitting power-law variograms at different scales across the field. Values of H changed with the maximum lag distance, peaking near H = 0.9 at approximately 200 m, which represents a typical hillslope length. Spatial persistence in steady infiltration was not observed at long distances (> 300 m). Using dense and sparsely sampled terrain attributes as proxy data indicated that the observed spatial scaling of infiltration was not solely due to the clustering of infiltration measurements. These results shed new light on research needed to address spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties, with implications for hillslope process interactions between land areas when modeling distributed infiltration, runoff and run-on, and plant water use. C1 [Green, Timothy R.; Dunn, Gale H.; Erskine, Robert H.; Ahuja, Lajpat R.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Salas, Jose D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Green, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150-D Ctr Ave 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tim.green@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 310 EP 320 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0021 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 448YE UT WOS:000266297100004 ER PT J AU Singh, P Wu, JQ McCool, DK Dun, S Lin, CH Morse, JR AF Singh, Prabhakar Wu, Joan Q. McCool, Donald K. Dun, Shuhui Lin, Chun-Hsu Morse, John R. TI Winter Hydrologic and Erosion Processes in the US Palouse Region: Field Experimentation and WEPP Simulation SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; FREEZE-THAW; RUNOFF; MODEL; INFILTRATION; FROZEN; STRENGTH; SNOW AB Soil erosion by water is detrimental to soil fertility, crop yield, and the environment. For cold areas, knowledge of winter hydrologic processes is critical to determining land-use and management practices for reducing soil loss and protecting land and water resources. Adequate understanding of winter processes is also essential to developing models as effective predictive tools. This study evaluated the effects of two contrasting tillage practices on winter hydrologic and erosion processes, and the suitability of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model with a newly implemented energy-budget-based winter routine for quantifying these processes. Research plots subject to two tillage treatments-continuous tilled bare fallow (CTBF) and no-till (NT) seeding of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Madsen) after spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-were established at the USDA-ARS Palouse Conservation Field Station, Pullman, WA. The plots were monitored for runoff, erosion, soil temperature, water content, and depths of snow and freeze thaw during October to May of 2003-2004 through 2006-2007. The NT plot generated negligible runoff and erosion (0.5 mm, 0.2 Mg ha(-1)) compared with CTBF (323 mm, 547 Mg ha(-1)). Frost occurred more frequently and was deeper in CTBF, probably due to its lack of residue and shallower snow depth. The modified WEPP model could reasonably reproduce major winter processes, yet it cannot represent all the complicated winter phenomena observed in the field. Continued efforts are needed to further improve the ability of WEPP to properly account for soil freeze-thaw and thus transient soil hydraulic properties and hydrologic and erosion processes. C1 [Singh, Prabhakar; Wu, Joan Q.; Dun, Shuhui] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McCool, Donald K.; Morse, John R.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lin, Chun-Hsu] Chung Hua Inst Econ Res, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Singh, P (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM prabhakar_singh@wsu.edu FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [2002-01195] FX This research was supported in part by the USDA-CSREES-NRI Watershed Processes and Water Resources Grant 2002-01195. We thank Cory Greer, Hanxue Qiu, and Li Wang for their help with the field runoff. and erosion experiments, and Travis Parry and Colette Easter for their help with soil sample analyses. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0061 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 448YE UT WOS:000266297100016 ER PT J AU Farnsworth, ML Ward, MP AF Farnsworth, Matthew L. Ward, Michael P. TI Identifying spatio-temporal patterns of transboundary disease spread: examples using avian influenza H5N1 outbreaks SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disease spread; spatio-temporal analysis; epidemic pattern; avian influenza; poultry ID SUBTYPE H5N1; SPATIAL STATISTICS; VIRUSES; SPLINES; CHINA; DISTRIBUTIONS; RESTORATION AB Characterizing spatio-temporal patterns among epidemics in which the mechanism of spread is uncertain is important for generating disease spread hypotheses, which may in turn inform disease control and prevention strategies. Using a dataset representing three phases of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 outbreaks in village poultry in Romania, 2005-2006, spatio-temporal patterns were characterized. We first fit a set of hierarchical Bayesian models that quantified changes in the spatio-temporal relative risk for each of the 23 affected counties. We then modeled spatial synchrony in each of the three epidemic phases using non-parametric covariance functions and Thin Plate Spline regression models. We found clear differences in the spatio-temporal patterns among the epidemic phases (local versus regional correlated processes), which may indicate differing spread mechanisms (for example wild bird versus human-mediated). Elucidating these patterns allowed us to postulate that a shift in the primary mechanism of disease spread may have taken place between the second and third phases of this epidemic. Information generated by such analyses could assist affected countries in determining the most appropriate control programs to implement, and to allocate appropriate resources to preventing contact between domestic poultry and wild birds versus enforcing bans on poultry movements and quarantine. The methods used in this study could be applied in many different situations to analyze transboundary disease data in which only location and time of occurrence data are reported. C1 [Farnsworth, Matthew L.] APHIS, USDA, VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Farnsworth, Matthew L.] APHIS, USDA, VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ward, Michael P.] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. RP Farnsworth, ML (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, VS, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2W64, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM matt.farnsworth@aphis.usda.gov RI Ward, Michael/C-5758-2009 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3 AR 20 DI 10.1051/vetres/2009003 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 428VF UT WOS:000264878800007 PM 19210952 ER PT J AU Castle, S Palumbo, J Prabhaker, N AF Castle, Steven Palumbo, John Prabhaker, Nilima TI Newer insecticides for plant virus disease management SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Plant Virus Epidemiology Symposium CY OCT 14-18, 2007 CL Patancheru, INDIA SP Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop DE Virus transmission; Bemisia tabaci; Neonicotinoids; Antifeedant; Insecticide resistance ID SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; WHITEFLY BEMISIA-TABACI; YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; STUNTING-DISORDER-VIRUS; MYZUS-PERSICAE; NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES; THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; TRANSMITTED GEMINIVIRUSES; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES AB Effective management of insect and mite vectors of plant pathogens is of crucial importance to minimize vector-borne diseases in crops. Pesticides play an important role in managing vector populations by reducing the number of individuals that can acquire and transmit a virus, thereby potentially lowering disease incidence. Certain insecticides exhibit properties other than lethal toxicity that affect feeding behaviours or otherwise interfere with virus transmission. To evaluate the potential of various treatments against the Bemisia tabaci-transmitted Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), insecticide field trials were conducted in Yuma, AZ, USA, during spring and autumn growing seasons. Differences in vector-intensity each season led to mixed results, but at least five insecticide treatments showed promise in limiting virus spread during spring 2008. Increasing concern among growers in this region regarding recent epidemics of CYSDV is leading to more intensive use of insecticides that threatens to erupt into unmanageable resistance. Sustainability of insecticides is an important goal of pest management and more specifically resistance management, especially for some of the most notorious vector species such as B. tabaci and Myzus persiscae that are likely to develop resistance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prabhaker, Nilima] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Castle, Steven] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Palumbo, John] Univ Arizona, Yuma Agr Ctr, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. RP Prabhaker, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM nilima.prabhaker@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 141 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.12.006 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 440YM UT WOS:000265735600003 PM 19152818 ER PT J AU Witt, EL Kolka, RK Nater, EA Wickman, TR AF Witt, E. L. Kolka, R. K. Nater, E. A. Wickman, T. R. TI Influence of the Forest Canopy on Total and Methyl Mercury Deposition in the Boreal Forest SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric deposition; Canopy; Methyl mercury; Total mercury; Throughfall ID METHYLMERCURY; PRECIPITATION; THROUGHFALL; ECOSYSTEMS; FLUXES; LAKE AB Atmospheric mercury deposition by wet and dry processes contributes mercury to terrestrial and aquatic systems. Factors influencing the amount of mercury deposited to boreal forests were identified in this study. Throughfall and open canopy precipitation samples were collected in 2005 and 2006 using passive precipitation collectors from pristine sites located across the Superior National Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. Samples were collected approximately every 2 weeks and analyzed for total (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg). Forest canopy type and density were the primary influences on THg and MeHg deposition. Highest THg and MeHg concentrations were measured beneath conifer canopies (THg mean = 19.02 ng L(-1); MeHg mean = 0.28 ng L(-1)) followed by deciduous throughfall (THg mean = 12.53 ng L(-1); MeHg mean = 0.19 ng L(-1)) then open precipitation (THg mean = 8.19 ng L(-1); MeHg mean = 0.12 ng L(-1)). The greater efficiency of conifers at scavenging THg and MeHg from the atmosphere may increase the risk of mercury related water quality issues in conifer-dominated systems. C1 [Witt, E. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kolka, R. K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [Nater, E. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wickman, T. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Duluth, MN USA. RP Witt, EL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, 105 TP Cooper Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM emma.witt@uky.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 199 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9854-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 446AW UT WOS:000266093600002 ER PT J AU Kim, M Boone, SA Gerba, CP AF Kim, Minyoung Boone, Stephanie A. Gerba, Charles P. TI Factors that Influence the Transport of Bacillus cereus Spores through Sand SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Groundwater contamination; Spore transport; Bacillus cereus; pH; Flow rate; Soil grain size ID ALLUVIAL GRAVEL AQUIFER; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; BACTERIA TRANSPORT; SURFACES; SUBTILIS; BACTERIOPHAGES; APPENDAGES; ATTACHMENT; VIRUS AB The goal of this study is to clarify the surface-chemical and microphysical variables that influence bacterial spore transport through soil, thereby defining the factors that may affect spore transport velocity. Bacillus cereus spores were continuously monitored in a soil column under saturated conditions with experimental variations in soil grain size (0.359 and 0.718 mm), pH (7.2 and 8.5), and water flow rate (1.3 and 3.0 mL/min). Increasing soil grain size, flow rate, and pH resulted in enhanced spore movement. Spore transport increased 82% when soil grain size was doubled. An increase in effluent flow rate from 1.3 to 3.0 mL/min increased spore movement by 71%. An increase in pH increased spore transport by 53%. The increase in hydrodynamic forces resulting from the larger grain size soil and higher flow rate functioned to overcome the hydrophobic nature of the spore's coat, and the interparticle bonding forces between the spore and soil particles. C1 [Kim, Minyoung] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Engn, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [Boone, Stephanie A.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Gerba, Charles P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Engn, 249 Seodun Dong, Suwon 441707, South Korea. EM mykim75@rda.go.kr; sboone@srrc.ars.usda.gov; gerba@ag.arizona.edu FU Office of the Vice President FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Homeland Security Grant from the Office of the Vice President for Research of the University of Arizona for the support of this research. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 199 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9867-9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 446AW UT WOS:000266093600015 ER PT J AU Sosnoskie, LM Herms, CP Cardina, J Webster, TM AF Sosnoskie, Lynn M. Herms, Catherine P. Cardina, John Webster, Theodore M. TI Seedbank and Emerged Weed Communities Following Adoption of Glyphosate-Resistant Crops in a Long-Term Tillage and Rotation Study SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Weed communities; tillage; rotation; glyphosate; indicator species ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; REDUCED TILLAGE; FLORA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; SHIFTS; INTENSITY; RESPONSES; YIELDS AB The compositions of the germinable weed seedbank and aboveground weed communities in a long-term tillage and rotation study were characterized 4, 5, and 6 yr (2002 to 2004) after the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybean. Averaged across rotation, mean germinable weed seed density and diversity were greatest in the no-tillage treatment as compared to the minimum- and conventional-tillage treatments. Averaged over tillage, density and diversity were greater in the corn-oat-hay (ryegrass + alfalfa) system as compared to the continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations. Similar trends in density and diversity were observed for the aboveground weed communities. Differences in community composition among treatments were quantified with the use of a multiresponse permutation procedure. Results indicated that the weed seedbank community in a corn-oat-hay rotational system differed from the communities associated with the continuous corn and corn-soybean rotational systems. Weed seedbank communities developing under a no-tillage operation differed from those in minimum- and conventional-tillage scenarios. Compositional differences among the aboveground weed communities were less pronounced ill response to tillage and rotation. Indicator species analyses indicated that the number of significant indicator weed species was generally higher for no tillage than minimum or conventional tillage for both the seedbank and the aboveground weed communities. The number of significant indicator species for the seedbank and weed communities was generally greater in the three-crop rotation as compared to the continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations. The trends observed in density, diversity, and community composition after the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybeans, and a glyphosate-dominated weed management program, were also observed when soil-applied herbicides were included in the study. We suggest that the switch to a POST-glyphosate protocol did not significantly alter weed communities in the short term in this study. C1 [Sosnoskie, Lynn M.; Herms, Catherine P.; Cardina, John] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Cardina, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM cardina.2@osu.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; Sosnoskie, Lynn/A-8854-2014 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Sosnoskie, Lynn/0000-0002-1892-7934 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1614/WS-08-147.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 449XT UT WOS:000266364800006 ER PT J AU So, YF Williams, MM Pataky, JK Davis, AS AF So, Yim F. Williams, Martin M., II Pataky, Jerald K. Davis, Adam S. TI Principal Canopy Factors of Sweet Corn and Relationships to Competitive Ability with Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Competition; crop tolerance; cultural weed control; factor analysis; interference; integrated weed management; phenology; weed suppressive ability ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; WEED SUPPRESSIVE ABILITY; ZEA-MAYS HYBRIDS; CROSS-SENSITIVITY; TOLERANCE; INTERFERENCE; SELECTION; ARCHITECTURE; HERBICIDES; CULTIVAR AB Univariate analyses fail to account for covariance among phenomorphological traits implicated in crop competitive ability. A more complete analysis of cultivar-weed interactions would reduce a number of important traits to a few underlying principal factors responsible for sweet corn competitiveness. Twenty-three commercial sweet corn hybrids from nine seed companies were grown in the presence and absence of wild-proso millet to (1) quantify the extent to which phenomorphological traits vary in sweet corn, (2) identify underlying principal factors that describe variation in crop canopy development, and (3) determine functional relationships between crop canopy factors and competitive ability. A principal component factor analysis revealed that 7 of the 18 weed-free crop traits measured at silking loaded highly (0.65 to 0.90) into the First factor, Including plant height, shoot biomass, per plant leaf area, leaf area index, and intercepted light, as well as thermal time from emergence to silking and emergence to maturity. All seven traits were highly correlated (0.38 to 0.93) and were interpreted as a "late canopy and maturity" factor. Another five traits formed two additional principal factors that were interpreted as an early "seedling quality" factor (e.g., kernel mass, seedling vigor, and height at two-leaf stage) and a mid-season "canopy closure" factor (e.g., leaf area index and intercepted photosynchetically active radiation at six-leaf stage). Relationships between principal factors and competitive abilities were quantified using least-squares linear regression. Cultivars with greater loadings in the late canopy and maturity and canopy closure factors were more competitive with wild-proso millet. In contrast, crop competitive ability declined with cultivars that loaded highly into the seedling quality factor. The analyses showed that sweet corn's ability to endure weed interference and suppress weed fitness relates uniquely to three underlying principal factors that capture crop canopy development around emergence and near canopy closure and during the reproductive phase. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II; Davis, Adam S.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [So, Yim F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pataky, Jerald K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 18 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1614/WS-08-158.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 449XT UT WOS:000266364800010 ER PT J AU Vermeire, LT Rinella, MJ AF Vermeire, Lance T. Rinella, Matthew J. TI Fire Alters Emergence of Invasive Plant Species from Soil Surface-Deposited Seeds SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Germination; grassland; invasion; prescribed burning; seed mortality ID KNAPWEED CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; WEED-CONTROL; GERMINATION; GRASSLAND; INVASIBILITY AB Restoration of historic fire regimes is complicated by concerns about exotic plant invasions, yet little is known of how the two may interact. Seeds of Japanese brome, spotted knapweed, Russian knapweed, and leafy spurge were subjected to fire at six fuel loads (100 to 700 g m(-2)) and a nonburned control. Fires were simulated with field-cured grass and time-temperature profiles were developed from thermocouples at the soil surface. Emergence was determined by species and fuel load in growth chambers. Fuel load explained 98% of variation in mean heat dosage and emergence decreased with increasing fuel load across species. Emergence was reduced 79 to 88% relative to nonburned treatment with 100 g m(-2) of fuel and at least 97% with 200 g m(-2) of fuel. Emergence probabilities were less than 0.01 for all species but spotted knapweed with a 300 g m(-2) fuel load. Results indicate high potential for fire to disrupt the life cycle of invasive species through direct seed mortality. The relationship between fuel load and seedling emergence provides good predictability of fire effects on surface-deposited seeds. A single fire is unlikely to eradicate many invasive species because they often produce abundant seeds and sonic will undoubtedly escape fire. However, abrupt reductions in seedling emergence with relatively light fuel loads indicate that fire may be an effective tool for increasing mortality of invasive plant seed across a broad range of habitats. C1 [Vermeire, Lance T.; Rinella, Matthew J.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Vermeire, LT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM Lance.Vermeire@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 30 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1614/WS-08-170.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 449XT UT WOS:000266364800011 ER PT J AU Williams, MM AF Williams, Martin M., II TI Within-Season Changes in the Residual Weed Community and Crop Tolerance to Interference over the Long Planting Season of Sweet Corn SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competitive ability; integrated weed management; planting date; risk management ID COMPETITIVE ABILITY; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; ZEA-MAYS; DATE; GROWTH; EMERGENCE; YIELD; SELECTION; BELT AB Sweet corn is planted over a long season to temporally extend the perishable supply of ears for fresh and processing markets. Most growers' fields have weeds persisting to harvest (hereafter called residual weeds), and evidence Suggests the crop's ability to endure competitive stress from residual weeds (i.e., crop tolerance) is not constant over the planting season. Field studies were conducted to characterize changes in the residual weed community over the long planting season and determine the extent to which planting date influences crop tolerance to weed interference in growth and yield traits. Total weed density at harvest was similar across five planting dates From mid-April to early-July; however, some changes in composition of species common to the midwestern United States were observed. Production of viable weed seed within the relatively short growth period of individual sweet corn plantings showed weed seedbank additions are influenced by species and planting date. Crop tolerances in growth and yield were variable in the mid-April and both May plantings, and the crop was least affected by weed interference in the mid-June and early-July planting dates. As the planting season progressed from late-May to early-July, sweet corn accounted for a great proportion of the total crop-weed biomass. Based on results from Illinois, a risk management perspective to weeds should recognize the significance of planting date oil sweet corn competitive ability. This work suggests risk of yield loss from weed control failure is lower in late-season sweet corn plantings (June and July) than earlier plantings (April and May). C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1614/WS-08-164.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 449XT UT WOS:000266364800013 ER PT J AU Grey, TL Vencill, WK Webster, TM Culpepper, AS AF Grey, Timothy L. Vencill, William K. Webster, Theodore M. Culpepper, A. Stanley TI Herbicide Dissipation from Low Density Polyethylene Mulch SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Herbicide persistence; herbicide dissipation; low density polyethylene mulch; exponential decay equation; half-life ID SOIL; PHOTODEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; GLYPHOSATE; FILMS AB Field and laboratory studies were conducted to examine herbicide dissipation when applied to low density polyethylene (LDPE) mulch for dry scenarios vs. irrigation. Analytical chemical analysis was used for quantification. In field studies, halosulfuron, paraquat, carfentrazone, glyphosate, and flumioxazin were surface applied to black 32-mu m-thick (1.25 mil) LDPE Mulch. LDPE mulch harvest began 1 h after treatment (HAT) then Continued every 24 h for five consecutive rain-free days after treatment (DAT) to determine the level of herbicide dissipation from the LDPE mulch surface. In a related study, created LDPE mulch was harvested 1 HAT, then sprinkler irrigation was applied, followed by a sampling five HAT, then the same irrigation and sampling procedure was repeated every 24 h for five consecutive DAT. The order for half-life, as defined as time for 50% dissipation (DT(50)), varied by herbicide and method of dissipation for dry and irrigated Studies. Data indicated that glyphosate and paraquat dissipation was rapid following irrigation. Glyphosate and paraquat DT(50) were both I h in the irrigated study, but 84 and 32 h for the dry scenario, respectively. This indicated that glyphosate and paraquat could be removed from LDPE mulch with rainfall or irrigation, primarily due to their high water solubility. Halosulfuron and flumioxazin DT50 were 3 and 6 h in the irrigated study, and 18 and 57 It for the dry Study, respectively. Carfentrazone DT50 Was similar at 28 and 30 It for the irrigated and dry studies, respectively. This indicated that carfentrazone was adsorbed to the LDPE Mulch, and irrigation water did not remove it from the LDPE Mulch. Results from 14 C-herbicide laboratory Studies were similar to those from Field studies for halosulfuron, glyphosate, paraquat, and flumioxazin. C1 [Grey, Timothy L.; Culpepper, A. Stanley] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Vencill, William K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Grey, TL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 6 Weed Sci Annex, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM tgrey@uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; Vencill, William/K-7748-2015 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Vencill, William/0000-0001-7233-4534 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1614/WS-08-144.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 449XT UT WOS:000266364800017 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Rajasekaran, K Yu, J Brown, RL Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Cary, J. W. Rajasekaran, K. Yu, J. Brown, R. L. Bhatnagar, D. Cleveland, T. E. TI Transgenic approaches for pre-harvest control of mycotoxin contamination in crop plants SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; trichothecenes; genetic engineering; proteomics; genomics ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; THAUMATIN-LIKE PROTEIN; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; TRICHOTHECENE 3-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; PLASTID TRANSFORMATION AB Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that can contaminate food and feed crops worldwide and are responsible for toxic effects in animals and humans that consume contaminated commodities. Regulatory guidelines and limits for mycotoxins have been set by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and food safety agencies of other countries for both import and export of affected commodities. Mycotoxin contamination of foods and feeds can also cause serious economic hardships to producers, processors, and the consumer. Therefore, there has been a concerted effort by researchers worldwide to develop strategies for the effective control of mycotoxin contamination of crops, particularly at the pre-harvest stage. Strategies currently being utilised to combat pre-harvest mycotoxin contamination include: (1) use of non-toxigenic biocontrol strains; (2) improved agricultural practices; (3) application of agrochemicals; (4) plant breeding for resistance; and (5) genetic engineering of resistance genes into crop plants. This article highlights research on the genetic engineering of plants for resistance to invasion by mycotoxigenic fungi as well as detoxification of mycotoxins. Emphasis is placed on the most economically relevant fungi and the mycotoxins they produce. These include aflatoxins produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, trichothecenes produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum, and to a lesser extent, fumonisins produced by F verticillioides. Information is also presented on the use of genomics and proteomics technologies as a means of identifying genes and proteins that can be utilised in transgenic approaches to control the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the mycotoxins that they produce in food and feed crops. C1 [Cary, J. W.; Rajasekaran, K.; Yu, J.; Brown, R. L.; Bhatnagar, D.; Cleveland, T. E.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jeff.cary@ars.usda.gov NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.3920/WMJ2009.1138 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 664WU UT WOS:000282995400011 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, C. M. TI Biosensors for mycotoxin analysis: recent developments and future prospects SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sensor; biosensor; immunoassay ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOSENSOR ARRAY; MOLECULAR IMPRINTED POLYMERS; PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR; VARIABLE FRAGMENT ANTIBODY; THROUGH ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; AFLATOXIN M1 DETERMINATION AB The toxicity and prevalence of mycotoxins in commodities and foods has necessitated the development of rapid methods in order to ensure the protection of human food and animal feed supplies. Testing for mycotoxins can be accomplished by many techniques that range from determinative tests in which the presence of the toxin is confirmed, to presumptive tests in which the presence of the toxin is inferred from the presence of markers. This review focuses on tests that fall into a third category, namely indirect assays, where the presence of the toxin is established by it's interaction with an intermediary. Such intermediaries include biological materials that bind mycotoxins, such as antibodies, as well as synthetic materials such as polymers and man-made peptides. The diversity of assays within this category is extraordinary and includes assays based upon traditional microwell formats, microbeads, membranes, electrodes, wave-guides, and solution-phase assays. The microbead format includes platforms as diverse as flow injection immunoassays, tandem column immunoassays, and immunoaffinity columns. The membrane-based formats include flow-through as well as lateral-flow assays. The electrode-based formats incorporate miniaturised immunoassays with electrochemical endpoints. The wave-guide-based devices include formats such as surface plasmon resonance, and fluorescence array biosensors, and the solution phase formats include homogeneous assays such as fluorescence polarisation immunoassay. The breadth of technologies brought to bear upon solving the need for rapid, accurate, detection of mycotoxins is impressive and includes technologies currently available commercially and those which appear poised to enter the marketplace. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 133 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 35 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.1117 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 664WU UT WOS:000282995400013 ER PT J AU Sacks, EJ Robinson, AF AF Sacks, Erik J. Robinson, A. Forest TI Introgression of resistance to reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) into upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Gossypium arboreum and a G. hirsutum/Gossypium aridum bridging line SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Reniform nematode; Resistance; Inheritance; Introgression; Wide cross ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HYBRIDIZATION; GERMPLASM; CULTIVARS AB Gossypium hirsutum L. is the predominant cotton of commerce and all cultivars of this species are susceptible to the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis. To introgress resistance to R. reniformis into the tetraploid 2(AD(1)) G. hirsutum, a resistant diploid A(2)-genome Gossypium arboreum accession (A(2)-190) was crossed with a hexaploid 2((AD(1))D(4)) bridging line (G 371) to obtain a tetraploid triple-species hybrid. The triple-species hybrid was back-crossed to G. hirsutum and a population of 277 BC(1) individuals was produced. The BC(1)s and controls were assayed in growth chambers for resistance to R. reniformis. Fortuitously, the hexaploid bridging line G 371 was also found to be resistant to R. reniformis. The BC(1) segregated 3:1, resistant: susceptible, indicating that resistance was conferred by dominant genes at two different loci, with each originating from a distinct germplasm Source. This study demonstrated that it is possible to introgress and pyramid genes for resistance to R. reniformis in G. hirsutum. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sacks, Erik J.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Robinson, A. Forest] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Sacks, EJ (reprint author), Mendel Biotechnol, 3935 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. EM erik_sacks@lycos.com NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 112 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.01.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 438YL UT WOS:000265592600001 ER PT J AU Ko, J Piccinni, G AF Ko, Jonghan Piccinni, Giovanni TI Characterizing leaf gas exchange responses of cotton to full and limited irrigation conditions SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Photosynthesis; Water use efficiency; Yield ID WATER-STRESS; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE; C-3 PLANTS; DROUGHT; SOIL; RESISTANCE; INHIBITION; THRESHOLDS AB Plant responses to water deficit need to be monitored for producing a profitable crop as water deficit is a major constraint on crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to various environmental conditions under limited water availability using commercially available varieties grown in South Texas. Soil moisture and variables of leaf gas exchange were measured to monitor water deficit for various varieties under different irrigation treatments. Lint yield and growth variables were also measured and correlations among growth parameters of interest were investigated. Significant differences were found in soil moisture, leaf net assimilation (A(n)), stomatal conductance (g), transpiration rate (T(r)), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE(i)) among irrigation treatments in 2006 while no significant differences were found in these parameters in 2007. Some leaf gas exchange parameters, e.g., T(r), and leaf temperature (T(L)) have strong correlations with A(n) and g. A(n) and WUE were increased by 30-35% and 30-40%, respectively, at 600 mu mol (CO(2)) m(-2) s(-1) in comparison with 400 mu mol (CO(2)) m(-2) s(-1). Lint yield was strongly correlated with g, T(r), WUE, and soil moisture at 60 cm depth. Relative A(n), T(r), and T(L) started to decrease from FTSW 0.3 at 60 cm and FTSW 0.2 at 40 cm. The results demonstrate that plant water status under limited irrigation management can be qualitatively monitored using the measures of soil moisture as well as leaf gas exchange, which in turn can be useful for describing yield reduction due to water deficit. We found that using normalized A(n), T(r), and T(L) is feasible to quantify plant water deficit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ko, Jonghan] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Piccinni, Giovanni] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. RP Ko, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jonghan.Ko@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 112 IS 1 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.02.007 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 438YL UT WOS:000265592600009 ER PT J AU Parrotta, JA Fui, LH Liu, JL Ramakrishnan, PS Yeo-Chang, Y AF Parrotta, John A. Fui, Lim Hin Liu Jinlong Ramakrishnan, P. S. Yeo-Chang, Youn TI Traditional forest-related knowledge and sustainable forest management in Asia Preface SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Agroforestry; Forest history; Biodiversity conservation; Forest livelihoods; Indigenous knowledge; Local knowledge C1 [Parrotta, John A.] US Forest Serv Res & Dev, IUFRO Task Force Tradit Forest Knowledge, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Fui, Lim Hin] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 52109, Malaysia. [Liu Jinlong] Renmin Univ China, Sch Agr Econ & Rural Dev, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Ramakrishnan, P. S.] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Environm Sci, New Delhi 110167, India. [Yeo-Chang, Youn] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Parrotta, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv Res & Dev, IUFRO Task Force Tradit Forest Knowledge, 4th Floor,RP-C,1601 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM jparrotta@fs.fed.us NR 2 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 10 BP 1987 EP 1988 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(09)00221-7 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 443JR UT WOS:000265906500001 ER PT J AU Buda, AR Kleinman, PJA Srinivasan, MS Bryant, RB Feyereisen, GW AF Buda, Anthony R. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Srinivasan, M. S. Bryant, Ray B. Feyereisen, Gary W. TI Factors influencing surface runoff generation from two agricultural hillslopes in central Pennsylvania SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hillslope hydrology; surface runoff generation; variable source area; landscape position; fragipan; agriculture ID SOURCE-AREA CONTROLS; RAINFALL INTENSITY; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; WATER-QUALITY; STORM RUNOFF; SOILS; HYDROLOGY; TRANSPORT; SHALLOW; SCALE AB The variable Source area (VSA) concept provides the underlying paradigm for managing phosphorus losses in runoff in the north-eastern USA. This study sought to elucidate factors controlling runoff along two hillslopes with contrasting soils, including characterizing runoff generation mechanisms and hydrological connectivity. Runoff monitoring plots (2 m x 1 m) were established in various landscape positions. Footslope positions were characterized by the presence of a fragipan that contributed to seasonally perched water tables. In upslope positions without a fragipan, runoff was generated primarily via the infiltration-excess (IE) mechanism (96% of events) and was largely disconnected from downslope runoff. Roughly 80% of total runoff originated from the north footslope landscape position via saturation-excess (SE) (46% of events; 62% of runoff) and IE (54% of events 38% of runoff) mechanisms. Runoff from the north hillslope was substantially greater than the south hillslope despite their proximity, and apparently was a function of the extent of fragipan representation. Results demonstrate the influence Of Subsurface soil properties (e.g. fragipan) oil Surface runoff generation in variable Source area hydrology settings, which could be useful for improving the accuracy of existing runoff prediction tools. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Buda, Anthony R.; Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Srinivasan, M. S.; Bryant, Ray B.; Feyereisen, Gary W.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Buda, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Anthony.Buda@ars.usda.gov RI Buda, Anthony/B-4860-2013 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 31 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1295 EP 1312 DI 10.1002/hyp.7237 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 438NJ UT WOS:000265561900004 ER PT J AU Giraldo, MA Bosch, D Madden, M Usery, L Finn, M AF Giraldo, Mario A. Bosch, David Madden, Marguerite Usery, Lynn Finn, Michael TI Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ground temperature; Infrared temperature; Landuse; Soil moisture; Landscape heterogeneity; Remote sensing ID WATER-CONTENT; ENERGY FLUXES; VEGETATION; SATELLITE; PIXEL; GEORGIA; LANDSAT; COVER; MODEL; INDEX AB At the Little River Watershed (LRW) heterogeneous landscape near Tifton Georgia US an in situ network of stations operated by the US Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Lab (USDA-ARS-SEWRL) was established in 2003 for the long term study of climatic and soil biophysical processes. To develop an accurate interpolation of the in situ readings that can be used to produce distributed representations of soil moisture (SM) and energy balances at the landscape scale for remote sensing studies, we studied (1) the temporal and spatial variations of ground temperature (GT) and infra red temperature (IRT) within 30 by 30 m plots around selected network stations; (2) the relationship between the readings from the eight 30 by 30 m plots and the point reading of the network stations for the variables SM, GT and IRT; and (3) the spatial and temporal variation of GT and IRT within agriculture landuses: grass, orchard, peanuts, cotton and bare soil in the surrounding landscape. The results showed high correlations between the station readings and the adjacent 30 by 30 m plot average value for SM; high seasonal independent variation in the GT and IRT behavior among the eight 30 by 30 m plots; and site specific, in-field homogeneity in each 30 by 30 m plot. We found statistical differences in the GT and IRT between the different landuses as well as high correlations between GT and IRT regardless of the landuse. Greater standard deviations for IRT than for GT (in the range of 2-4) were found within the 30 by 30 m, suggesting that when a single point reading for this variable is selected for the validation of either remote sensing data or water-energy models, errors may occur. The results confirmed that in this landscape homogeneous 30 by 30 m plots can be used as landscape spatial units for soil moisture and ground temperature studies. Under this landscape conditions small plots can account for local expressions of environmental processes, decreasing the errors and uncertainties in remote sensing estimates caused by landscape heterogeneity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Giraldo, Mario A.] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Geog, Atlanda, GA 30144 USA. [Bosch, David] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Madden, Marguerite] Univ Georgia, Ctr Remote Sensing & Mapping Sci CRMS, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Finn, Michael] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Giraldo, MA (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Geog, 1000 Chastian Rd, Atlanda, GA 30144 USA. EM mgirald2@Kennesaw.edu; David.Bosch@ars.us-da.gov; mmadden@uga.edu FU United States Geological Survey, Rolla, Missouri (USGS); United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service-South East Water Research Laboratory, Tifton, Georgia (USDA-ARS-SEWRL); National Environmental Sound Production Agriculture Laboratory, University of Georgia (NESPAL-UGA) FX This research was funded by an agreement between United States Geological Survey, Rolla, Missouri (USGS), United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service-South East Water Research Laboratory, Tifton, Georgia (USDA-ARS-SEWRL) and National Environmental Sound Production Agriculture Laboratory, University of Georgia (NESPAL-UGA). The authors express their gratitude to the personnel of the precision agriculture laboratory at NESPAL for their help in the field data collection, to Ms. Laura Marshal (USDA-ARS-SEWRL), and to personnel of the SEWRL that administrate the Hydra-probe network. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 368 IS 1-4 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 436OW UT WOS:000265424700020 ER PT J AU Liang, SM Liu, LS Huang, QR Yam, KL AF Liang, Songmiao Liu, Linshu Huang, Qingrong Yam, Kit L. TI Unique Rheological Behavior of Chitosan-Modified Nanoclay at Highly Hydrated State SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; SITU INTERCALATIVE POLYMERIZATION; AQUEOUS CLAY SUSPENSIONS; HYBRID MATERIALS; MONTMORILLONITE; HYDROGELS; DYNAMICS; SHEAR; FLOW; TEMPERATURE AB This work attempts to explore the dynamic and steady-state rheological properties of chitosan modified clay (CMCs) at highly hydrated state. CMCs with different initial chitosan/clay weight ratios (s) were prepared from pre-exfoliated clay via electrostatic adsorption process. Thermogravimetric analysis and optical microscopy were used to determine the adsorbed content of chitosan (m) in CMCs and the microstructure of CMCs at highly hydrated state, respectively. Dynamic rheological results indicate that both stress-strain behavior and moduli of CMCs exhibit strong dependence oil in. Shear-thinning behavior for all of CMCs is observed and further confirmed by steady-state shear test. Interestingly, two unique transitions, denoted as a small peak region of the shear viscosity for CMCs with in > 2.1% and a sharp drop region of the shear viscosity for CMCs with m <= 6.3%, were observed at shear rate range of about 10 < gamma < 40 and 0.2 < gamma < 0.5 s(- 1), respectively. Further, analysis on the recovery of CMCs at rest after underwent a preshearing process was performed with all emphasis to explain the presence of these unique transitions. Thixotropic effect was observed in CMCs and showed strong dependence on in and the preshearing history. Failure to Cox-Merz rule of the rheological behavior of CMCs suggests that some preferential orientation of the initial quiescent random arrangement of CMCs particles or their tactoids occurs under the applied shearing C1 [Liang, Songmiao; Huang, Qingrong; Yam, Kit L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Liu, Linshu] Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yam, KL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM yam@aesop.rutgers.edu FU National Research Initiative [2006-35503-17568]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Program FX We thank Dr. Jozef Kokini for the use of rheology instruments. This work was supported by National Research Initiative Grant 2006-35503-17568 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Program on Improving Food Quality and Value. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 17 BP 5823 EP 5828 DI 10.1021/jp8107304 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 438BC UT WOS:000265529900022 PM 19344170 ER PT J AU Tellinghuisen, J Bolster, CH AF Tellinghuisen, Joel Bolster, Carl H. TI Weighting Formulas for the Least-Squares Analysis of Binding Phenomena Data SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MICHAELIS-MENTEN; ERROR PROPAGATION; MONTE-CARLO; VARIABLES; CONSTANTS; UNCERTAINTIES; LIGAND; CALIBRATION; REGRESSION; INCONSISTENCY AB The rectangular hyperbola, Y = abx/(1 + bx), is widely used as a fit model in the analysis of data obtained in studies of complexation, sorption, fluorescence quenching, and enzyme kinetics. Frequently, the "independent variable" x is actually a directly measured quantity, and y may be a simply computed function of x, like y = x(0) - x. These circumstances violate one of the fundamental tenets of most least-squares methods-that the independent variable be error-free-and they lead to fully correlated error in x and y. Using an effective variance approach, we treat this problem to derive weighting formulas for the least-squares analysis of such data by the given equation and by all of its common linearized versions: the double reciprocal, gamma-reciprocal, and x-reciprocal forms. We verify the correctness of these expressions by computing the nonlinear least-squares parameter standard errors for exactly fitting data, and we confirm their utility through Monte Carlo simulations. The latter confirm a problem with inversion methods when the inverted data are moderately uncertain (similar to 30%), leading to the recommendation that the reciprocal methods not be used for such data. For benchmark tests, results are presented for specific data sets having error in x alone and in both x and x(0). The actual estimates of a and b and their standard errors vary somewhat with the choice of fit model, with one important exception: the Demng-Lybanon algorithm treats multiple uncertain variables equivalently and returns a single set of parameters and standard errors independent of the manner in which the fit model is expressed. C1 [Tellinghuisen, Joel] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bolster, Carl H.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Tellinghuisen, J (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Box 1583, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 17 BP 6151 EP 6157 DI 10.1021/jp8112039 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 438BC UT WOS:000265529900058 PM 19385695 ER PT J AU Escobedo, FJ Nowak, DJ AF Escobedo, Francisco J. Nowak, David J. TI Spatial heterogeneity and air pollution removal by an urban forest SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Scale; Heterogeneity; Santiago de Chile; Urban forest structure ID ESTIMATING COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RESIDENTIAL YARD TREES; EXISTING MODELS; DEPOSITION; SANTIAGO; CHILE; CALIFORNIA; QUALITY; SACRAMENTO; VEGETATION AB Estimates of air pollution removal by the urban forest have mostly been based on mean values of forest structure variables for an entire city. However, the urban forest is not uniformly distributed across a city because of biophysical and social factors. Consequently, air pollution removal function by urban vegetation should vary because of this spatial heterogeneity. This paper presents a different approach to evaluate how the spatial heterogeneity of the urban forest influences air pollution removal at the socioeconomic subregion scale. Air pollution removal for July 1997 to June 1998 and July 2000 to June 2001 were estimated using measured urban forest structure data from three socioeconomic subregions in Santiago, Chile. Dry deposition was estimated using hourly climate, mixing height, and pollutant concentration data. Pollution removal rates among the three socioeconomic subregions were different because of heterogeneous urban forest structure and pollution concentrations. Air pollution removal per square meter of tree cover was greatest in the low socioeconomic subregion. Pollution removal during 1997-1998 was different from 2000 to 2001 due to pollution concentration differences. Seasonal air quality improvement also differed among the subregions. Results can be used to design management alternatives at finer administrative scales such as districts and neighborhoods that maximize the pollution removal rates by the urban forest in a subregion. Policies that affect the functionality of urban forest structure must consider spatial heterogeneity and scale when making region-wide recommendations. Similarly, when modeling the functionality of the urban forest, models must capture this spatial heterogeneity for inter-city comparisons. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Escobedo, Francisco J.] Univ Florida IFAS, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nowak, David J.] SUNY ESF, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13215 USA. RP Escobedo, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida IFAS, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110806, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fescobed@ufl.edu; dnowak@fs.fed.us RI Escobedo, Francisco/N-9526-2013; Escobedo, Francisco /H-1286-2016 OI Escobedo, Francisco /0000-0002-9272-5046 FU Chilean Fondo de Fornento al Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico [FONDEF D0011078]; USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station FX We thank the Chilean Fondo de Fornento al Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico FONDEF D0011078 and the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station for funding the project and the USDA Forest Service, Southern Centers for Urban and Interface Forestry for office support. At the USDA Forest Service, we especially thank Wayne Zipperer for insightful reviews and suggestions. We thank Dan Crane and Robert Hoehn for technical assistance with the UFORE model. At the University of Chile we especially thank Carmen Luz de La Maza, Manuel Rodriguez, Jaime HernAndez, Valeska Pizarro, as well as Maria Teresa Serna and the field crew; Cynnamon Dobbs, Nico, Pablo Gonzales, Victoria, and Pepe for assistance in field measurements. We also thank Pablo Ulricksen from CENMA for compiling pollution and mixing height data. NR 51 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 6 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.021 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 432SF UT WOS:000265153700002 ER PT J AU Solis, MA AF Solis, M. A. TI EUGENE G. MUNROE (8 SEPTEMBER 1919-31 MAY 2008) OBITUARY SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, SEL, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA, SEL, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,E-517,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD APR 29 PY 2009 VL 63 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 441XP UT WOS:000265804100008 ER PT J AU Jencso, KG McGlynn, BL Gooseff, MN Wondzell, SM Bencala, KE Marshall, LA AF Jencso, Kelsey G. McGlynn, Brian L. Gooseff, Michael N. Wondzell, Steven M. Bencala, Kenneth E. Marshall, Lucy A. TI Hydrologic connectivity between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach-and plot-scale understanding to the catchment scale SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN SHIELD; TOPOGRAPHIC CONTROLS; SUBSURFACE FLOW; FORESTED SLOPE; RIPARIAN ZONES; SOIL-MOISTURE; STORM RUNOFF; HILLSLOPE; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB The relationship between catchment structure and runoff characteristics is poorly understood. In steep headwater catchments with shallow soils the accumulation of hillslope area (upslope accumulated area (UAA)) is a hypothesized first-order control on the distribution of soil water and groundwater. Hillslope-riparian water table connectivity represents the linkage between the dominant catchment landscape elements (hillslopes and riparian zones) and the channel network. Hydrologic connectivity between hillslope-riparian-stream (HRS) landscape elements is heterogeneous in space and often temporally transient. We sought to test the relationship between UAA and the existence and longevity of HRS shallow groundwater connectivity. We quantified water table connectivity based on 84 recording wells distributed across 24 HRS transects within the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (U. S. Forest Service), northern Rocky Mountains, Montana. Correlations were observed between the longevity of HRS water table connectivity and the size of each transect's UAA (r(2) = 0.91). We applied this relationship to the entire stream network to quantify landscape-scale connectivity through time and ascertain its relationship to catchment-scale runoff dynamics. We found that the shape of the estimated annual landscape connectivity duration curve was highly related to the catchment flow duration curve (r(2) = 0.95). This research suggests internal catchment landscape structure (topography and topology) as a first-order control on runoff source area and whole catchment response characteristics. C1 [Jencso, Kelsey G.; McGlynn, Brian L.; Marshall, Lucy A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wondzell, Steven M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Bencala, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jencso, KG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM kelsey.jencso@myportal.montana.edu RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Jencso, Kelsey/G-3443-2011; McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU NSF [EAR-0337650, EAR-0337781]; INRA FX This work was made possible by NSF grant EAR-0337650 to McGlynn, EAR-0337781 to Gooseff, and an INRA fellowship awarded to Jencso. The authors appreciate extensive logistic collaboration with the USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, especially, Ward McCaughey, scientist-in-charge of the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest. Airborne Laser Mapping was provided by the National Science Foundation supported Center for Airborne Laser Mapping ( NCALM) at the University of California, Berkeley. We thank Jan Seibert and Thomas Grabs for technical and collaborative support. We are grateful to Jennifer Jencso, Robert Payn, Vince Pacific, Diego Riveros-Iregui, Rebecca McNamara, and especially Austin Allen for invaluable assistance in the field. NR 48 TC 164 Z9 165 U1 10 U2 113 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 29 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W04428 DI 10.1029/2008WR007225 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 440CT UT WOS:000265676800005 ER PT J AU Willis, LM Shukitt-Hale, B Cheng, V Joseph, JA AF Willis, Lauren M. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Cheng, Vivian Joseph, James A. TI Dose-dependent effects of walnuts on motor and cognitive function in aged rats SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Polyphenols; Fatty acids; Antioxidants; Spatial memory; Learning ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; MALE FISCHER-344; MEMORY; MELATONIN; BRAIN; POLYPHENOLS; MODULATION; SENESCENCE; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH AB Aged rats show decrements in performance on motor and cognitive tasks that require the use of spatial learning and memory. Previously we have shown that these deficits can be reversed by the polyphenolics in fruits and vegetables. Walnuts, which contain the n-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, are a dietary source of polyphenols, antioxidants and lipids. Thus, the present study examined the effects of walnut supplementation on motor and cognitive ability in aged rats. Fischer 344 rats, aged 19 months, were fed a control, or a 2, 6 or 9 % walnut diet for 8 weeks before motor and cognitive testing. Results for the motor testing showed that the 2 % walnut diet improved performance on rod walking, while the 6 % walnut diet improved performance on the medium plank walk; the higher dose of the 9 % walnut diet did not improve psychomotor performance and on the large plank actually impaired performance. All of the walnut diets improved working memory in the Morris water maze, although the 9 % diet showed impaired reference memory. These findings show for the first time that moderate dietary walnut supplementation can improve cognitive and motor performance in aged rats. C1 [Willis, Lauren M.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Cheng, Vivian; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@ars.usda.gov FU California Walnut Commission (Sacramento, CA, USA) FX The present study was supported in part by the California Walnut Commission (Sacramento, CA, USA). The authors declare no conflict of interest in performing these studies. J. A. J. and B. S.-H. designed and implemented these studies, including dietary interventions and behavioural assessments. V. C. performed the behavioural tests. L. M. W. participated in data analysis and in manuscript preparation. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 101 IS 8 BP 1140 EP 1144 DI 10.1017/S0007114508059369 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 440KH UT WOS:000265698700003 PM 18778529 ER PT J AU Thibivilliers, S Joshi, T Campbell, KB Scheffler, B Xu, D Cooper, B Nguyen, HT Stacey, G AF Thibivilliers, Sandra Joshi, Trupti Campbell, Kimberly B. Scheffler, Brian Xu, Dong Cooper, Bret Nguyen, Henry T. Stacey, Gary TI Generation of Phaseolus vulgaris ESTs and investigation of their regulation upon Uromyces appendiculatus infection SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; RUST RESISTANCE; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; HAUSTORIA; FUNGUS; L.; NORMALIZATION; ACCUMULATION AB Background: Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is the second most important legume crop in the world after soybean. Consequently, yield losses due to fungal infection, like Uromyces appendiculatus (bean rust), have strong consequences. Several resistant genes were identified that confer resistance to bean rust infection. However, the downstream genes and mechanisms involved in bean resistance to infection are poorly characterized. Results: A subtractive bean cDNA library composed of 10,581 unisequences was constructed and enriched in sequences regulated by either bean rust race 41, a virulent strain, or race 49, an avirulent strain on cultivar Early Gallatin carrying the resistance gene Ur-4. The construction of this library allowed the identification of 6,202 new bean ESTs, significantly adding to the available sequences for this plant. Regulation of selected bean genes in response to bean rust infection was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Plant gene expression was similar for both race 41 and 49 during the first 48 hours of the infection process but varied significantly at the later time points (72-96 hours after inoculation) mainly due to the presence of the Avr4 gene in the race 49 leading to a hypersensitive response in the bean plants. A biphasic pattern of gene expression was observed for several genes regulated in response to fungal infection. Conclusion: The enrichment of the public database with over 6,000 bean ESTs significantly adds to the genomic resources available for this important crop plant. The analysis of these genes in response to bean rust infection provides a foundation for further studies of the mechanism of fungal disease resistance. The expression pattern of 90 bean genes upon rust infection shares several features with other legumes infected by biotrophic fungi. This finding suggests that the P. vulgaris-U. appendiculatus pathosystem could serve as a model to explore legume-rust interaction. C1 [Thibivilliers, Sandra; Nguyen, Henry T.; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Ctr Sustainable Energy, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thibivilliers, Sandra; Nguyen, Henry T.; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Ctr Sustainable Energy, Div Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Joshi, Trupti; Xu, Dong] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Joshi, Trupti; Xu, Dong] Univ Missouri, Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Campbell, Kimberly B.; Cooper, Bret] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Scheffler, Brian] USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Stacey, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Ctr Sustainable Energy, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM st5y7@mizzou.edu; joshitr@missouri.edu; campbelk@ba.ars.usda.go; bscheffler@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; xudong@missouri.edu; cooperb@ba.ars.usda.gov; nguyenhenry@missouri.edu; staceyg@missouri.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU DOE [DE-PS023-07ER07-02] FX We are grateful to Marc Libault, William Franck, and James English for their critical reading of this manuscript. This research was supported by DOE grant DE-PS023-07ER07-02. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD APR 27 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 46 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-46 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 456QV UT WOS:000266863200001 PM 19397807 ER PT J AU Lopatin, IK Konstantinov, AS AF Lopatin, I. K. Konstantinov, A. S. TI New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Leaf beetles; Chrysomelidae; new species; new genera; skunk vine; China; South Korea AB Two new genera from China (Taumaceroides Lopatin and Yunnaniata Lopatin) and 11 new species (Smaragdina quadrimaculata Lopatin, S. oblongum Lopatin, Hyphaenia volkovitshi Lopatin, Arthrotus daliensis Lopatin, Taumaceroides sinicus Lopatin, Yunnaniata konstantinovi Lopatin, Calomicrus yunnanus Lopatin, C. minutissimus Lopatin, Hermaeophaga belkadavi Konstantinov, H. dali Konstantinov from China, and H. korotyaevi Konstantinov from South Korea) are described and illustrated. A key to Hermaeophaga species of Eurasia is presented. Since Hermaeophaga dali was collected feeding on Paederia foetida L. (Rubiaceae), which is an invasive noxious weed in the United States, this species has potential as a biological control agent of this weed. C1 [Lopatin, I. K.] Byelorussian State Univ, Dept Zool, Minsk, Byelarus. [Konstantinov, A. S.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist,MRC 16, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lopatin, IK (reprint author), Byelorussian State Univ, Dept Zool, Minsk, Byelarus. EM lopatinik@gmail.com; alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 27 PY 2009 IS 2083 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 438SM UT WOS:000265575700001 ER PT J AU Villa-Angulo, R Matukumalli, LK Gill, CA Choi, J Van Tassell, CP Grefenstette, JJ AF Villa-Angulo, Rafael Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Gill, Clare A. Choi, Jungwoo Van Tassell, Curtis P. Grefenstette, John J. TI High-resolution haplotype block structure in the cattle genome SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SNP DISCOVERY; BOVINE CHROMOSOME-6; MAP; SELECTION; GENOTYPES; BREEDS AB Background: The Bovine HapMap Consortium has generated assay panels to genotype similar to 30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 501 animals sampled from 19 worldwide taurine and indicine breeds, plus two outgroup species (Anoa and Water Buffalo). Within the larger set of SNPs we targeted 101 high density regions spanning up to 7.6 Mb with an average density of approximately one SNP per 4 kb, and characterized the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype block structure within individual breeds and groups of breeds in relation to their geographic origin and use. Results: From the 101 targeted high-density regions on bovine chromosomes 6, 14, and 25, between 57 and 95% of the SNPs were informative in the individual breeds. The regions of high LD extend up to similar to 100 kb and the size of haplotype blocks ranges between 30 bases and 75 kb (10.3 kb average). On the scale from 1-100 kb the extent of LD and haplotype block structure in cattle has high similarity to humans. The estimation of effective population sizes over the previous 10,000 generations conforms to two main events in cattle history: the initiation of cattle domestication (similar to 12,000 years ago), and the intensification of population isolation and current population bottleneck that breeds have experienced worldwide within the last similar to 700 years. Haplotype block density correlation, block boundary discordances, and haplotype sharing analyses were consistent in revealing unexpected similarities between some beef and dairy breeds, making them non-differentiable. Clustering techniques permitted grouping of breeds into different clades given their similarities and dissimilarities in genetic structure. Conclusion: This work presents the first high-resolution analysis of haplotype block structure in worldwide cattle samples. Several novel results were obtained. First, cattle and human share a high similarity in LD and haplotype block structure on the scale of 1-100 kb. Second, unexpected similarities in haplotype block structure between dairy and beef breeds make them non-differentiable. Finally, our findings suggest that similar to 30,000 uniformly distributed SNPs would be necessary to construct a complete genome LD map in Bos taurus breeds, and similar to 580,000 SNPs would be necessary to characterize the haplotype block structure across the complete cattle genome. C1 [Villa-Angulo, Rafael; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Grefenstette, John J.] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Gill, Clare A.; Choi, Jungwoo] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Villa-Angulo, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rvillaan@gmu.edu; Lakshmi.Matukumalli@ars.usda.gov; clare-gill@ansc.tamu.edu; choijungwoo@neo.tamu.edu; Curt.VanTassell@ars.usda.gov; jgrefens@gmu.edu RI Villa-Angulo, Rafael/I-5937-2015; OI Villa-Angulo, Rafael/0000-0002-7698-6617; Gill, Clare/0000-0003-2640-1825; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Animal Genome program [2007-35604-17870]; Fulbright Scholarship FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Grant no. 2007-35604-17870 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Animal Genome program. RV was supported in part by a Fulbright Scholarship. NR 30 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD APR 24 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-10-19 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 454DO UT WOS:000266662100002 PM 19393054 ER PT J AU MacEachern, S McEwan, J Goddard, M AF MacEachern, Sean McEwan, John Goddard, Mike TI Phylogenetic reconstruction and the identification of ancient polymorphism in the Bovini tribe (Bovidae, Bovinae) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BUFFALO BUBALUS-BUBALIS; ASIAN WATER-BUFFALO; RIBOSOMAL DNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SUBFAMILY BOVINAE; FAMILY BOVIDAE; SWAMP BUFFALO; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN AB Background: The Bovinae subfamily incorporates an array of antelope, buffalo and cattle species. All of the members of this subfamily have diverged recently. Not surprisingly, a number of phylogenetic studies from molecular and morphological data have resulted in ambiguous trees and relationships amongst species, especially for Yak and Bison species. A partial phylogenetic reconstruction of 13 extant members of the Bovini tribe (Bovidae, Bovinae) from 15 complete or partially sequenced autosomal genes is presented. Results: We identified 3 distinct lineages after the Bovini split from the Boselaphini and Tragelaphini tribes, which has lead to the (1) Buffalo clade (Bubalus and Syncerus species) and a more recent divergence leading to the (2) Banteng, Gaur and Mithan and (3) Domestic cattle clades. A fourth lineage may also exist that leads to Bison and Yak. However, there was some ambiguity as to whether this was a divergence from the Banteng/Gaur/Mithan or the Domestic cattle clade. From an analysis of approximately 30,000 sites that were amplified in all species 133 sites were identified with ambiguous inheritance, in that all trees implied more than one mutation at the same site. Closer examination of these sites has identified that they are the result of ancient polymorphisms that have subsequently undergone lineage sorting in the Bovini tribe, of which 53 have remained polymorphic since Bos and Bison species last shared a common ancestor with Bubalus between 5-8 million years ago (MYA). Conclusion: Uncertainty arises in our phylogenetic reconstructions because many species in the Bovini diverged over a short period of time. It appears that a number of sites with ambiguous inheritance have been maintained in subsequent populations by chance (lineage sorting) and that they have contributed to an association between Yak and Domestic cattle and an unreliable phylogenetic reconstruction for the Bison/Yak clade. Interestingly, a number of these aberrant sites are in coding sections of the genome and their identification may have important implications for studying the neutral rate of mutation at nonsynonymous sites. The presence of these sites could help account for the apparent contradiction between levels of polymorphism and effective population size in domesticated cattle. C1 [MacEachern, Sean; Goddard, Mike] Primary Ind Res Victoria Anim Genet & Gen, Attwood, Vic 3049, Australia. [MacEachern, Sean] La Trobe Univ, Dept Genet, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [McEwan, John] AgRes, Anim Genom, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Goddard, Mike] Univ Melbourne, Sch Agr & Food Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [MacEachern, Sean] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP MacEachern, S (reprint author), Primary Ind Res Victoria Anim Genet & Gen, Attwood, Vic 3049, Australia. EM sean.maceach@gmail.com; john.mcewan@agresearch.co.nz; mike.goddard@dpi.vic.gov.au OI Goddard, Michael/0000-0001-9917-7946; McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207 NR 50 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 24 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 177 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-177 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 467JD UT WOS:000267733900001 PM 19393045 ER PT J AU MacEachern, S McEwan, J McCulloch, A Mather, A Savin, K Goddard, M AF MacEachern, Sean McEwan, John McCulloch, Alan Mather, Andrew Savin, Keith Goddard, Mike TI Molecular evolution of the Bovini tribe (Bovidae, Bovinae): Is there evidence of rapid evolution or reduced selective constraint in Domestic cattle? SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; NONSYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTION; DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; MAMMALIAN GENES; POPULATION-SIZE AB Background: If mutation within the coding region of the genome is largely not adaptive, the ratio of nonsynonymous (dN) to synonymous substitutions (dS) per site (dN/dS) should be approximately equal among closely related species. Furthermore, dN/dS in divergence between species should be equivalent to dN/dS in polymorphisms. This hypothesis is of particular interest in closely related members of the Bovini tribe, because domestication has promoted rapid phenotypic divergence through strong artificial selection of some species while others remain undomesticated. We examined a number of genes that may be involved in milk production in Domestic cattle and a number of their wild relatives for evidence that domestication had affected molecular evolution. Elevated rates of dN/dS were further queried to determine if they were the result of positive selection, low effective population size (N(e)) or reduced selective constraint. Results: We have found that the domestication process has contributed to higher dN/dS ratios in cattle, especially in the lineages leading to the Domestic cow (Bos taurus) and Mithan (Bos frontalis) and within some breeds of Domestic cow. However, the high rates of dN/dS polymorphism within B. taurus when compared to species divergence suggest that positive selection has not elevated evolutionary rates in these genes. Likewise, the low rate of dN/dS in Bison, which has undergone a recent population bottleneck, indicates a reduction in population size alone is not responsible for these observations. Conclusion: The effect of selection depends on effective population size and the selection coefficient (N(e)s). Typically under domestication both selection pressure for traits important in fitness in the wild and N(e) are reduced. Therefore, reduced selective constraint could be responsible for the observed elevated evolutionary ratios in domesticated species, especially in B. taurus and B. frontalis, which have the highest dN/dS in the Bovini. This may have important implications for tests of selection such as the McDonald-Kreitman test. Surprisingly we have also detected a significant difference in the supposed neutral substitution rate between synonymous and noncoding sites in the Bovine genome, with a 30% higher rate of substitution at synonymous sites. This is due, at least in part, to an excess of the highly mutable CpG dinucleotides at synonymous sites, which will have implications for time of divergence estimates from molecular data. C1 [MacEachern, Sean; Mather, Andrew; Savin, Keith; Goddard, Mike] Primary Ind Res Victoria, Anim Genet & Genom, Attwood, Vic 3049, Australia. [MacEachern, Sean] La Trobe Univ, Dept Genet, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [McEwan, John; McCulloch, Alan] Anim Genom, AgRes, Invermay, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Goddard, Mike] Univ Melbourne, Sch Agr & Food Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [MacEachern, Sean] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP MacEachern, S (reprint author), Primary Ind Res Victoria, Anim Genet & Genom, Attwood, Vic 3049, Australia. EM sean.maceach@gmail.com; john.mcewan@agresearch.co.nz; alan.mcculloch@agresearch.co.nz; andrew.mather@dpi.vic.gov.au; keith.savin@dpi.vic.gov.au; mike.goddard@dpi.vic.gov.au OI McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207; Goddard, Michael/0000-0001-9917-7946 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 24 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 179 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-179 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 455YZ UT WOS:000266806300001 PM 19393048 ER PT J AU MacEachern, S Hayes, B McEwan, J Goddard, M AF MacEachern, Sean Hayes, Ben McEwan, John Goddard, Mike TI An examination of positive selection and changing effective population size in Angus and Holstein cattle populations (Bos taurus) using a high density SNP genotyping platform and the contribution of ancient polymorphism to genomic diversity in Domestic cattle SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-SELECTION; BISON POPULATIONS; DNA; MUTATION; GENES; SIGNATURES; EVOLUTION; DISEQUILIBRIUM; CHROMOSOME-6; PATTERNS AB Background: Identifying recent positive selection signatures in domesticated animals could provide information on genome response to strong directional selection from domestication and artificial selection. With the completion of the cattle genome, private companies are now providing large numbers of polymorphic markers for probing variation in domestic cattle (Bos taurus). We analysed over 7,500 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in beef (Angus) and dairy (Holstein) cattle and outgroup species Bison, Yak and Banteng in an indirect test of inbreeding and positive selection in Domestic cattle. Results: Outgroup species: Bison, Yak and Banteng, were genotyped with high levels of success (90%) and used to determine ancestral and derived allele states in domestic cattle. Frequency spectrums of the derived alleles in Angus and Holstein were examined using Fay and Wu's H test. Significant divergences from the predicted frequency spectrums expected under neutrality were identified. This appeared to be the result of combined influences of positive selection, inbreeding and ascertainment bias for moderately frequent SNP. Approximately 10% of all polymorphisms identified as segregating in B. taurus were also segregating in Bison, Yak or Banteng; highlighting a large number of polymorphisms that are ancient in origin. Conclusion: These results suggest that a large effective population size (N(e)) of approximately 90,000 or more existed in B. taurus since they shared a common ancestor with Bison, Yak and Banteng similar to 1-2 million years ago (MYA). More recently N(e) decreased sharply probably associated with domestication. This may partially explain the paradox of high levels of polymorphism in Domestic cattle and the relatively small recent N(e) in this species. The period of inbreeding caused Fay and Wu's H statistic to depart from its expectation under neutrality mimicking the effect of selection. However, there was also evidence for selection, because high frequency derived alleles tended to cluster near each other on the genome. C1 [MacEachern, Sean; Hayes, Ben; Goddard, Mike] Primary Ind Res Victoria, Anim Genet & Genom, Attwood, Vic 3049, Australia. [MacEachern, Sean] La Trobe Univ, Dept Genet, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [McEwan, John] Anim Genom, AgRes, Invermay, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Goddard, Mike] Univ Melbourne, Sch Agr & Food Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [MacEachern, Sean] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP MacEachern, S (reprint author), Primary Ind Res Victoria, Anim Genet & Genom, Attwood, Vic 3049, Australia. EM sean.maceach@gmail.com; ben.hayes@dpi.vic.gov.au; john.mcewan@agresearch.co.nz; mike.goddard@dpi.vic.gov.au RI Hayes, Ben/L-3308-2016; McEwan, John/A-1143-2008 OI Hayes, Ben/0000-0002-5606-3970; McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207 NR 37 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 24 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 181 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-181 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 455YZ UT WOS:000266806300003 PM 19393053 ER PT J AU Tellam, RL Lemay, DG Van Tassell, CP Lewin, HA Worley, KC Elsik, CG AF Tellam, Ross L. Lemay, Danielle G. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Lewin, Harris A. Worley, Kim C. Elsik, Christine G. TI Unlocking the bovine genome SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; CELLS AB The draft genome sequence of cattle (Bos taurus) has now been analyzed by the Bovine Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium and the Bovine HapMap Consortium, which together represent an extensive collaboration involving more than 300 scientists from 25 different countries. C1 [Tellam, Ross L.] CSIRO, Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Lemay, Danielle G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Van Tassell, Curtis P.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lewin, Harris A.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lewin, Harris A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Worley, Kim C.] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Elsik, Christine G.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Tellam, RL (reprint author), CSIRO, Livestock Ind, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. EM ross.tellam@csiro.au; dglemay@ucdavis.edu; Curt.VanTassell@ars.usda.gov; h-lewin@uiuc.edu; kworley@bcm.edu; ce75@georgetown.edu RI Tellam, Ross/H-2798-2013; Elsik, Christine/C-4120-2017; OI Tellam, Ross/0000-0003-2353-1640; Elsik, Christine/0000-0002-4248-7713; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [U54 HG003273] NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 24 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 193 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-193 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 456PC UT WOS:000266858300003 PM 19393070 ER PT J AU Elsik, CG Tellam, RL Worley, KC Gibbs, RA Abatepaulo, ARR Abbey, CA Adelson, DL Aerts, J Ahola, V Alexander, L Alioto, T Almeida, IG Amadio, AF Anatriello, E Antonarakis, SE Anzola, JM Astashyn, A Bahadue, SM Baldwin, CL Barris, W Baxter, R Bell, SN Bennett, AK Bennett, GL Biase, FH Boldt, CR Bradley, DG Brinkman, FSL Brinkmeyer-Langford, CL Brown, WC Brownstein, MJ Buhay, C Caetano, AR Camara, F Carroll, JA Carvalho, WA Casey, T Cervelatti, EP Chack, J Chacko, E Chandrabose, MM Chapin, JE Chapple, CE Chen, HC Chen, L Cheng, Y Cheng, Z Childers, CP Chitko-McKown, CG Chiu, R Choi, JW Chrast, J Colley, AJ Connelley, T Cree, A Curry, S Dalrymple, B Diep Dao, M Davis, C de Oliveira, CJF de Miranda Santos, IKF de Campos, TA Deobald, H Devinoy, E Dickens, CM Ding, Y Dinh, HH De Donato, M Donohue, KE Donthu, R Dovc, P Dugan-Rocha, S Durbin, KJ Eberlein, A Edgar, RC Egan, A Eggen, A Eichler, EE Elhaik, E Ellis, SA Elnitski, L Ermolaeva, O Eyras, E Fitzsimmons, CJ Fowler, GR Franzin, AM Fritz, K Gabisi, RA Garcia, GR Garcia, JF Genini, S Gerlach, D German, JB Gilbert, JGR Gill, CA Gladney, CJ Glass, EJ Goodell, J Grant, JR Graur, D Greaser, ML Green, JA Green, RD Guan, L Guigo, R Hadsell, DL Hagen, DE Hakimov, HA Halgren, R Hamernik, DL Hamilton, C Harhay, GP Harrow, JL Hart, EA Hastings, N Havlak, P Henrichsen, CN Hernandez, J Hernandez, M Herzig, CTA Hiendleder, SG Hines, S Hitchens, ME Hlavina, W Hobbs, M Holder, M Holt, RA Hu, ZL Hume, J Iivanainen, A Ingham, A Iso-Touru, T Jamis, C Jann, O Jensen, K Jhangiani, SN Jiang, HY Johnson, AJ Jones, SJM Joshi, V Junier, T Kapetis, D Kappes, SM Kapustin, Y Keele, JW Kent, MP Kerr, T Khalil, SS Khatib, H Kiryutin, B Kitts, P Kokocinski, F Kolbehdari, D Kovar, CL Kriventseva, EV Kumar, CG Kumar, D Lahmers, KK Landrum, M Larkin, DM Lau, LPL Leach, R Lee, JCM Lee, S Lemay, DG Lewin, HA Lewis, LR Li, CX Lien, S Liu, GE Liu, YS Liu, Y Logan, KM Lopez, J Lozado, RJ Lutzow, YS Lynn, DJ MacNeil, MD Maglott, D Malinverni, R Maqbool, NJ Marques, E Marra, MA Martin, WF Martins, NF Maruyama, SR Matukumalli, LK Mazza, R McEwan, JC McKay, SD McLean, KL McWilliam, S Medrano, JF Memili, E Moen, C Molenaar, AL Moore, SS Moore, R More, DD Moreno, BT Morgan, MB Muntean, CT Muzny, DM Nandakumar, HP Nazareth, LV Nguyen, NB Nicholas, FW Nogueira, MFG Okwuonu, GO Olsaker, I Pant, SD Panzitta, F Pastor, RCP Patel, BM Payne, GM Plass, M Poli, MA Poslusny, N Pruitt, K Pu, LL Qin, X Rachagani, S Raison, JM Ranganathan, S Ratnakumar, A Razpet, A Reecy, J Reese, JT Ren, Y Reymond, A Riggs, PK Rijnkels, M Rincon, G Roberts, A Rodriguez-Osorio, N Rodriguez-Zas, SL Romero, NE Rosenwald, A Ruiz, SJ Sabo, A Salih, H Sando, L Santibanez, J Sapojnikov, V Schein, JE Schmutz, SM Schnabel, RD Schook, L Searle, SM Seo, SW Shen, YF Shen, LB Sherman, L Skow, LC Smith, T Snelling, WM Sodergren, E Solovyev, V Song, H Song, JZ Sonstegard, TS Southey, BR Souvorov, A Spurlock, D Steffen, D Stone, RT Stothard, P Sugimoto, Y Sweedler, JV Takasuga, A Tammen, I Taniguchi, M Taylor, JF Telugu, BPVL Ucla, C Urbanski, JM Utsunomiya, YT Van, CP Vattathil, S Verschoor, CP Waardenberg, AJ Walker, A Wang, ZQ Ward, R Warren, JT Waterman, RC Weikard, R Weinstock, GM Welsh, TH Wheeler, DA Wheeler, TT White, SN Whitside, MD Wilczek-Boney, K Williams, JL Williams, RL Wilming, LG Womack, J Wright, RA Wunderlich, KR Wyss, C Yang, MQ Yang, JQ Zdobnov, EM Zhang, JK Zhao, FQ Zhu, B AF Elsik, Christine G. Tellam, Ross L. Worley, Kim C. Gibbs, Richard A. Abatepaulo, Antonio R. R. Abbey, Colette A. Adelson, David L. Aerts, Jan Ahola, Virpi Alexander, Lee Alioto, Tyler Almeida, Iassudara G. Amadio, Ariel F. Anatriello, Elen Antonarakis, Stylianos E. Anzola, Juan M. Astashyn, Alex Bahadue, Suria M. Baldwin, Cynthia L. Barris, Wes Baxter, Rebecca Bell, Stephanie Nicole Bennett, Anna K. Bennett, Gary L. Biase, Fernando H. Boldt, Clayton R. Bradley, Daniel G. Brinkman, Fiona S. L. Brinkmeyer-Langford, Candice L. Brown, Wendy C. Brownstein, Michael J. Buhay, Christian Caetano, Alexandre R. Camara, Francisco Carroll, Jeffrey A. Carvalho, Wanessa A. Casey, Theresa Cervelatti, Elaine P. Chack, Joseph Chacko, Elsa Chandrabose, Mimi M. Chapin, Jennifer E. Chapple, Charles E. Chen, Hsiu-Chuan Chen, Lin Cheng, Ye Cheng, Ze Childers, Christopher P. Chitko-McKown, Carol G. Chiu, Readman Choi, Jungwoo Chrast, Jacqueline Colley, Adam J. Connelley, Tomothy Cree, Andy Curry, Stacey Dalrymple, Brian Diep Dao, Marvin Davis, Clay de Oliveira, Carlo J. F. de Miranda Santos, Isabel K. F. de Campos, Tatiana A. Deobald, Heather Devinoy, Eve Dickins, C. Michael Yan, Ding Dinh, Huyen H. De Donato, Marcos Donohue, Kaitlin E. Donthu, Ravikiran Dovc, Peter Dugan-Rocha, Shannon Durbin, K. James Eberlein, Annett Edgar, Robert C. Egan, Amy Eggen, Andre Eichler, Evan E. Elhaik, Eran Ellis, Shirley A. Elnitski, Laura Ermolaeva, Olga Eyras, Eduardo Fitzsimmons, Carolyn J. Fowler, Gerald R. Franzin, Alessandra M. Fritz, Krista Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha Garcia, Gustavo R. Garcia, Jose Fernando Genini, Sem Gerlach, Daniel German, J. Bruce Gilbert, James G. R. Gill, Clare A. Gladney, Cody J. Glass, Elizabeth J. Goodell, Jason Grant, Jason R. Graur, Dan Greaser, Marion L. Green, Jonathan A. Green, Ronnie D. Guan, Leluo Guigo, Roderic Hadsell, Darryl L. Hagen, Darren E. Hakimov, Hatam A. Halgren, Rob Hamernik, Debora L. Hamilton, Cerissa Harhay, Gregory P. Harrow, Jennifer L. Hart, Elizabeth A. Hastings, Nicola Havlak, Paul Henrichsen, Charlotte N. Hernandez, Judith Hernandez, Marta Herzig, Carolyn T. A. Hiendleder, Stefan G. Hines, Sandra Hitchens, Matthew Edward Hlavina, Wratko Hobbs, Matthew Holder, Michael Holt, Robert A. Hu, Zhi-Liang Hume, Jennifer Iivanainen, Antti Ingham, Aaron Iso-Touru, Terhi Jamis, Catherine Jann, Oliver Jensen, Kirsty Jhangiani, Shalini N. Jiang, Huaiyang Johnson, Angela Jolivet Jones, Steven J. M. Joshi, Vandita Junier, Thomas Kapetis, Dimos Kappes, Steve M. Kapustin, Yuri Keele, John W. Kent, Matthew P. Kerr, Tovah Khalil, Sari S. Khatib, Hasan Kiryutin, Boris Kitts, Paul Kokocinski, Felix Kolbehdari, Davood Kovar, Christie L. Kriventseva, Evgenia V. Kumar, Charu G. Kumar, Dinesh Lahmers, Kevin K. Landrum, Melissa Larkin, Denis M. Lau, Lilian P. L. Leach, Richard Lee, Justin C. M. Lee, Sandra Lemay, Danielle G. Lewin, Harris A. Lewis, Lora R. Li, Changxi Lien, Sigbjorn Liu, George E. Liu, Yih-shin Liu, Yue Logan, Krystin M. Lopez, John Lozado, Ryan J. Lutzow, Ylva Strandberg Lynn, David J. MacNeil, Michael D. Maglott, Donna Malinverni, Roberto Maqbool, Nauman J. Marques, Elisa Marra, Marco A. Martin, William F. Martins, Natalia F. Maruyama, Sandra R. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Mazza, Raffaele McEwan, John C. McKay, Stephanie D. McLean, Kim L. McWilliam, Sean Medrano, Juan F. Memili, Erdogan Moen, Charles Molenaar, Adrian J. Moore, Stephen S. Moore, Richard More, Daniela D. Moreno, Barbara T. Morgan, Margaret B. Muntean, Carl T. Muzny, Donna M. Nandakumar, Hari P. Nazareth, Lynne V. Nguyen, Ngoc Bich Nicholas, Frank W. Nogueira, Marcelo F. G. Okwuonu, Geoffrey O. Olsaker, Ingrid Pant, Sameer D. Panzitta, Francesca Pastor, Rosemeire C. P. Patel, Bella Mayurkumar Payne, Gemma M. Plass, Mireya Poli, Mario A. Poslusny, Nathan Pruitt, Kim Pu, Ling-Ling Qin, Xiang Rachagani, Satyanarayana Raison, Joy M. Ranganathan, Shoba Ratnakumar, Abhirami Razpet, Andrej Reecy, James Reese, Justin T. Ren, Yanru Reymond, Alexandre Riggs, Penny K. Rijnkels, Monique Rincon, Gonzalo Roberts, Andy Rodriguez-Osorio, Nelida Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra L. Romero, Natasha E. Rosenwald, Anne Ruiz, San Juana Sabo, Aniko Salih, Hanni Sando, Lillian Santibanez, Jireh Sapojnikov, Victor Schein, Jacqueline E. Schmutz, Sheila M. Schnabel, Robert D. Schook, Lawrence Searle, Stephen M. Seo, Seongwon Shen, Yufeng Shen, Libing Sherman, Laura Skow, Loren C. Smith, Timothy Snelling, Warren M. Sodergren, Erica Solovyev, Victor Song, Henry Song, Jiuzhou Sonstegard, Tad S. Southey, Bruce R. Souvorov, Alexandre Spurlock, Diane Steffen, David Stone, Roger T. Stothard, Paul Sugimoto, Yoshikazu Sweedler, Jonathan V. Takasuga, Akiko Tammen, Imke Taniguchi, Masaaki Taylor, Jeremy F. Telugu, Bhanu Prakash V. L. Ucla, Catherine Urbanski, Jennifer M. Utsunomiya, Yuri T. Van, Curtis P. Vattathil, Selina Verschoor, Chris P. Waardenberg, Ashley J. Walker, Angela Wang, Zhiquan Ward, Robert Warren, James T. Waterman, Richard C. Weikard, Rosemarie Weinstock, George M. Welsh, Thomas H., Jr. Wheeler, David A. Wheeler, Thomas T. White, Stephen N. Whiteside, Matthew D. Wilczek-Boney, Katarzyna Williams, John L. Williams, Rex Lee, Jr. Wilming, Laurens G. Womack, James Wright, Rita A. Wunderlich, Kris R. Wyss, Carine Yang, Mary Q. Yang, Jianqi Zdobnov, Evgeny M. Zhang, Jingkun Zhao, Feng-Qi Zhu, Bin CA Bovine Genome Sequencing & Analysis Consortium TI The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle: A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION; NEONATAL FC-RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; BOVINE; ORGANIZATION; INTERFERON; FAMILY; ROLES; SINES; MAPS AB To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production. C1 [Elsik, Christine G.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Tellam, Ross L.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. 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INRA, Anim Genetics & Integrative Biol, Bovine Genetics & Genomics, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France. Pfizer Anim Hlth, Pfizer Anim Genetics, New York, NY 10017 USA. Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Ctr Integrative Genetics, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Shirakawa Inst Anim Genetics, Nishigo, Fukushima 9618061, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Biochem & Immunology, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Biotech & Food Res, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. INTA, EEA Rafaela, RA-3080 Rafaela, Argentina. USDA Agr Res Serv, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Bioinfo, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Oriente, Inst Invest Biomed & Ciencias Aplicadas, Cumana 6101, Sucre, Venezuela. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. INRA UR1196, Genomique Phys Lactation, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Anim Sci, SI-1230 Domzale, Slovenia. Res Inst Biol Farm Anim FBN, Res Unit Mol Biol, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EMBL Heidelberg, Cell Biol & Biophys, Heidelberg, Germany. ITACyL, Lab Mol Biol, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Monsanto Co, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA. Natl Bur Anim Genetic Res, Genes & Genetic Res Mol Anal Lab, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India. Agr & Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AL T4L 1W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Biomed Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W6, Canada. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Zootechnics Inst, I-29100 Piacenza, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. UNESP Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Ciencias Biol, Fac Ciencias Letras, BR-19806900 Assis, SP, Brazil. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquatic Med, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. INTA, Inst Genetica Ewald Favret, RA-B1712WAA Buenos Aires, Argentina. Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Singapore 117597, Singapore. Univ Antioquia, Grp CENTAURO, Medellin, Colombia. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Griffith Univ, Eskitis Inst Cell & Mol Therapies, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia. Utah State Univ, Nutr & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Pharm 2 344 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci 211 Terrill, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Elsik, CG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, 406 Reiss,37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM ce75@georgetown.edu; ross.tellam@csiro.au; kworley@bcm.edu RI Ingham, Aaron/C-1166-2008; Junier, Thomas/A-6748-2011; Dalrymple, Brian/F-8721-2010; Nogueira, Marcelo/D-9801-2012; Maruyama, Sandra/G-1171-2012; Eyras, Eduardo/A-1560-2010; MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009; Keele, John/A-5846-2009; Riggs, Penny/A-8192-2008; Ward, Robert/E-1250-2011; Zhu, Bin/E-4911-2010; Bradley, Daniel/A-3240-2012; Waardenberg, Ashley/D-2595-2012; Greaser, Marion/C-6147-2012; Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009; Zdobnov, Evgeny/K-1133-2012; Kumar, Charu/A-1582-2013; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013; McWilliam, Sean/H-8978-2013; Garcia, Gustavo/E-5182-2013; Utsunomiya, Yuri Tani/K-5214-2013; Brinkman, Fiona/N-3195-2013; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; BIASE, FERNANDO/A-3994-2010; Franzin, Alessandra/D-4545-2013; Eyras, Eduardo/L-1053-2014; Holt, Robert/C-3303-2009; Antonarakis, Stylianos/N-8866-2014; Adelson, David/E-5506-2011; Schein, Jacquie/G-3674-2015; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/G-9841-2015; Hor, Charlotte/H-5908-2015; Tellam, Ross/H-2798-2013; Guigo, Roderic/D-1303-2010; Alioto, Tyler/K-7267-2015; Marra, Marco/B-5987-2008; Anatriello, Elen/N-1429-2015; de Miranda Santos, Isabel/D-5261-2016; Jones, Steven/C-3621-2009; Glass, Elizabeth/L-4612-2016; Gasull, Martina/A-6630-2013; de Miranda Santos, Isabel/B-7597-2012; Rodrigues Caetano, Alexandre/B-5227-2017; Elsik, Christine/C-4120-2017; Pant, Sameer/D-1448-2017; Seo, Seongwon/E-9687-2013; OI Dalrymple, Brian/0000-0003-3891-5233; Riggs, Penny/0000-0003-3296-320X; Ward, Robert/0000-0002-6981-4040; Greaser, Marion/0000-0002-6583-9566; Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922; Utsunomiya, Yuri Tani/0000-0002-6526-8337; Brinkman, Fiona/0000-0002-0584-4099; Eyras, Eduardo/0000-0003-0793-6218; Antonarakis, Stylianos/0000-0001-8907-5823; Adelson, David/0000-0003-2404-5636; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/0000-0002-1971-5466; Hor, Charlotte/0000-0002-5361-2372; Tellam, Ross/0000-0003-2353-1640; Guigo, Roderic/0000-0002-5738-4477; Alioto, Tyler/0000-0002-2960-5420; Glass, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6183-0185; de Miranda Santos, Isabel/0000-0002-0438-4430; Rodrigues Caetano, Alexandre/0000-0002-3419-7337; Elsik, Christine/0000-0002-4248-7713; Pant, Sameer/0000-0002-0672-4478; Jensen, Kirsty/0000-0002-0005-6931; Wilming, Laurens/0000-0002-4154-7358; Rincon, Gonzalo/0000-0002-6149-9103; Gilbert, James/0000-0001-8079-3159; Ranganathan, Shoba/0000-0002-8290-813X; Gerlach, Daniel/0000-0001-9338-3765; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Casey, Theresa/0000-0002-8835-3550; White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Amadio, Ariel Fernando/0000-0002-1147-4485; Rodriguez-Osorio, Nelida/0000-0002-2235-979X; Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Gill, Clare/0000-0003-2640-1825; McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207; Waardenberg, Ashley/0000-0002-9382-7490; Maqbool, Nauman/0000-0002-9404-3647; Bradley, Daniel G/0000-0001-7335-7092; Nicholas, Frank/0000-0002-9178-3965; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957; plass, mireya/0000-0002-9891-2723; Maruyama, Sandra/0000-0001-6807-1452; Molenaar, Adrian J./0000-0001-7347-0714; Childers, Anna/0000-0002-0747-8539; Childers, Chris/0000-0002-1253-5550 FU National Human Genome Research Institute [U54 HG003273]; U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service [59-0790-3-196]; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative [2004-35216-14163]; the state of Texas; Genome British Columbia; Alberta Science and Research Authority; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia (CSIRO); Agritech Investments Ltd; Dairy Insight, Inc; AgResearch Ltd.; Research Council of Norway; Kleberg Foundation; National, Texas, and South Dakota Beef Check-off Funds FX Funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI U54 HG003273); the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS agreement no. 59-0790-3-196) and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative (grant no. 2004-35216-14163); the state of Texas; Genome Canada through Genome British Columbia; the Alberta Science and Research Authority; the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia (CSIRO); Agritech Investments Ltd., Dairy Insight, Inc., and AgResearch Ltd., all of New Zealand; the Research Council of Norway; the Kleberg Foundation; and the National, Texas, and South Dakota Beef Check-off Funds. The master accession for this WGS sequencing project is AAFC03000000. The individual WGS sequences are AAFC03000001 to AAFC03131728, and the scaffold records are CM000177 to CM000206 (chromosomes) and DS490632 to DS495890 (unplaced scaffolds). NR 28 TC 510 Z9 633 U1 12 U2 156 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 24 PY 2009 VL 324 IS 5926 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.1126/science.1169588 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 436JU UT WOS:000265411200050 ER PT J AU Gibbs, RA Taylor, JF Van Tassell, CP Barendse, W Eversoie, KA Gill, CA Green, RD Hamernik, DL Kappes, SM Lien, S Matukumalli, LK McEwan, JC Nazareth, LV Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF Weinstock, GM Wheeler, DA Ajmone-Marsan, P Barendse, W Boettcher, PJ Caetano, AR Garcia, JF Hanotte, O Mariani, P Skow, LC Williams, JL Caetano, AR Diallo, B Green, RD Hailemariam, L Hanotte, O Martinez, ML Morris, CA Silva, LOC Spelman, RJ Taylor, JF Mulatu, W Zhao, KY Abbey, CA Agaba, M Araujo, FR Bunch, RJ Burton, J Gill, CA Gorni, C Olivier, H Harrison, BE Luff, B Machado, MA Mariani, P Morris, CA Mwakaya, J Plastow, G Sim, W Skow, LC Smith, T Sonstegard, TS Spelman, RJ Taylor, JF Thomas, MB Valentini, A Williams, P Womack, J Wooliams, JA Liu, Y Qin, X Worley, KC Gao, C Gill, CA Jiang, HY Liu, Y Moore, SS Nazareth, LV Ren, YR Song, XZ Bustamante, CD Hernandez, RD Muzny, DM Nazareth, LV Patil, S Lucas, AS Fu, Q Kent, MP Moore, SS Vega, R Abbey, CA Gao, C Gill, CA Green, RD Matukumalli, LK Matukumalli, A McWilliam, S Schnabel, RD Sclep, G Ajmone-Marsan, P Bryc, K Bustamante, CD Choi, J Gao, H Grefenstette, JJ Murdoch, B Stella, A Villa-Angulo, R Wright, M Aerts, J Jann, O Negrini, R Sonstegard, TS Williams, JL Taylor, JF Villa-Angulo, R Goddard, ME Hayes, BJ Barendse, W Bradley, DG Boettcher, PJ Bustamante, CD da Silva, MB Lau, LPL Liu, GE Lynn, DJ Panzitta, F Sclep, G Wright, M Dodds, KG AF Gibbs, Richard A. Taylor, Jeremy F. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Barendse, William Eversoie, Kallye A. Gill, Clare A. Green, Ronnie D. Hamernik, Debora L. Kappes, Steven M. Lien, Sigbjorn Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. McEwan, John C. Nazareth, Lynne V. Schnabel, Robert D. Taylor, Jeremy F. Weinstock, George M. Wheeler, David A. Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo Barendse, William Boettcher, Paul J. Caetano, Alexandre R. Garcia, Jose Fernando Hanotte, Olivier Mariani, Paola Skow, Loren C. Williams, John L. Caetano, Alexandre R. Diallo, Boubacar Green, Ronnie D. Hailemariam, Lemecha Hanotte, Olivier Martinez, Mario L. Morris, Chris A. Silva, Luiz O. C. Spelman, Richard J. Taylor, Jeremy F. Mulatu, Woudyalew Zhao, Keyan Abbey, Colette A. Agaba, Morris Araujo, Flabio R. Bunch, Rowan J. Burton, James Gill, Clare A. Gorni, Chiara Olivier, Hanotte Harrison, Blair E. Luff, Bill Machado, Marco A. Mariani, Paola Morris, Chris A. Mwakaya, Joel Plastow, Graham Sim, Warren Skow, Loren C. Smith, Timothy Sonstegard, Tad S. Spelman, Richard J. Taylor, Jeremy F. Thomas, Merle B. Valentini, Alessio Williams, Paul Womack, James Wooliams, John A. Liu, Yue Qin, Xiang Worley, Kim C. Gao, Chuan Gill, Clare A. Jiang, Huaiyang Liu, Yue Moore, Stephen S. Nazareth, Lynne V. Ren, Yanru Song, Xing-Zhi Bustamante, Carlos D. Hernandez, Ryan D. Muzny, Donna M. Nazareth, Lynne V. Patil, Shobha Lucas, Anthony San Fu, Qing Kent, Matthew P. Moore, Stephen S. Vega, Richard Abbey, Colette A. Gao, Chuan Gill, Clare A. Green, Ronnie D. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Matukumalli, Aruna McWilliam, Sean Schnabel, Robert D. Sclep, Gert Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo Bryc, Katarzyna Bustamante, Carlos D. Choi, Jungwoo Gao, Hong Grefenstette, John J. Murdoch, Brenda Stella, Alessandra Villa-Angulo, Rafael Wright, Mark Aerts, Jan Jann, Oliver Negrini, Riccardo Sonstegard, Tad S. Williams, John L. Taylor, Jeremy F. Villa-Angulo, Rafael Goddard, Mike E. Hayes, Ben J. Barendse, William Bradley, Daniel G. Boettcher, Paul J. Bustamante, Carlos D. da Silva, Marcos Barbosa Lau, Lilian P. L. Liu, George E. Lynn, David J. Panzitta, Francesca Sclep, Gert Wright, Mark Dodds, Ken G. TI Genome-Wide Survey of SNP Variation Uncovers the Genetic Structure of Cattle Breeds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MISSENSE MUTATION; MILK-YIELD; IDENTIFICATION; SELECTION; ORIGIN; SCANS; QTL AB The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled from six additional breeds were used to develop probes to interrogate 37,470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 497 cattle from 19 geographically and biologically diverse breeds. These data show that cattle have undergone a rapid recent decrease in effective population size from a very large ancestral population, possibly due to bottlenecks associated with domestication, selection, and breed formation. Domestication and artificial selection appear to have left detectable signatures of selection within the cattle genome, yet the current levels of diversity within breeds are at least as great as exists within humans. C1 [Van Tassell, Curtis P.; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Matukumalli, Aruna; Sonstegard, Tad S.; da Silva, Marcos Barbosa; Liu, George E.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gibbs, Richard A.; Nazareth, Lynne V.; Weinstock, George M.; Wheeler, David A.; Liu, Yue; Qin, Xiang; Worley, Kim C.; Jiang, Huaiyang; Liu, Yue; Nazareth, Lynne V.; Ren, Yanru; Song, Xing-Zhi; Muzny, Donna M.; Nazareth, Lynne V.; Patil, Shobha; Lucas, Anthony San; Fu, Qing; Vega, Richard] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gibbs, Richard A.; Nazareth, Lynne V.; Weinstock, George M.; Wheeler, David A.; Liu, Yue; Qin, Xiang; Worley, Kim C.; Jiang, Huaiyang; Liu, Yue; Nazareth, Lynne V.; Ren, Yanru; Song, Xing-Zhi; Muzny, Donna M.; Nazareth, Lynne V.; Patil, Shobha; Lucas, Anthony San; Fu, Qing; Vega, Richard] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Taylor, Jeremy F.; Schnabel, Robert D.; Taylor, Jeremy F.; Taylor, Jeremy F.; Taylor, Jeremy F.; Schnabel, Robert D.; Taylor, Jeremy F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Barendse, William; Barendse, William; Bunch, Rowan J.; Harrison, Blair E.; Sim, Warren; Thomas, Merle B.; Williams, Paul; McWilliam, Sean; Barendse, William] CSIRO, Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Barendse, William; Barendse, William; Bunch, Rowan J.; Harrison, Blair E.; Sim, Warren; Thomas, Merle B.; McWilliam, Sean; Barendse, William] Univ New England, CRC, Beef Genet Technol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Eversoie, Kallye A.] Alliance Anim Genome Res, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Gill, Clare A.; Abbey, Colette A.; Gill, Clare A.; Gao, Chuan; Gill, Clare A.; Abbey, Colette A.; Gao, Chuan; Gill, Clare A.; Choi, Jungwoo] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Green, Ronnie D.; Kappes, Steven M.; Green, Ronnie D.; Olivier, Hanotte; Green, Ronnie D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hamernik, Debora L.] USDA Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Lien, Sigbjorn; Kent, Matthew P.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Ctr Integrat Genet, N-1432 As, Norway. [Lien, Sigbjorn; Kent, Matthew P.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Grefenstette, John J.; Villa-Angulo, Rafael; Villa-Angulo, Rafael] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA USA. [McEwan, John C.; Dodds, Ken G.] AgRes, Anim Genom, Invermay 9053, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo; Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo; Negrini, Riccardo] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Zootecn, I-29100 Piacenza, Italy. [Boettcher, Paul J.; Garcia, Jose Fernando; Boettcher, Paul J.] IAEA, Joint United Nations FAO, Div Nucl Tech Food & Agr, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Caetano, Alexandre R.; Caetano, Alexandre R.] Embrapa Genet Resources & Biotechnol Ctr, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Garcia, Jose Fernando] UNESP, Dept Anim Prod & Hlth, IAEA, Collaborat Ctr Anim Genom & Bioinformat, BR-16050680 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil. [Hanotte, Olivier; Hanotte, Olivier; Agaba, Morris] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Skow, Loren C.; Skow, Loren C.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Integrat Biol Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Williams, John L.; Wooliams, John A.; Aerts, Jan; Jann, Oliver; Williams, John L.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Roslin Inst, Roslin E25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Diallo, Boubacar] Direct Natl Elevage, Conakry, Guinea. [Hailemariam, Lemecha] Ethiopian Inst Agr Res, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Martinez, Mario L.; Machado, Marco A.; da Silva, Marcos Barbosa] Embrapa Dairy Cattle Ctr, BR-36038330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Morris, Chris A.; Morris, Chris A.] AgRes, Anim Genom, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Silva, Luiz O. C.; Araujo, Flabio R.] Embrapa Beef Cattle Ctr, BR-79002970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Spelman, Richard J.; Spelman, Richard J.] LIC, Res & Dev, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Mulatu, Woudyalew] Int Livestock Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zhao, Keyan; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Hernandez, Ryan D.; Bryc, Katarzyna; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Gao, Hong; Wright, Mark; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Wright, Mark] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Burton, James] Univ Edinburgh Summerhall, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Plastow, Graham; Moore, Stephen S.; Moore, Stephen S.; Murdoch, Brenda] Univ Alberta, AgFor Ctr 410, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [Smith, Timothy] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Mol Genet Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Valentini, Alessio] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Prod Anim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Womack, James] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Aerts, Jan] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England. [Goddard, Mike E.] Univ Melbourne, Fac Land & Food Resources, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Bradley, Daniel G.; Lau, Lilian P. L.; Lynn, David J.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Smurfit Inst Genet, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Lynn, David J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Van Tassell, CP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM agibbs@bcm.tmc.edu; taylorjerr@missouri.edu; curt.vantassell@ars.usda.gov RI Barendse, William/D-8608-2011; Bradley, Daniel/A-3240-2012; Hanotte, Olivier/B-4669-2013; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013; McWilliam, Sean/H-8978-2013; valentini, alessio/L-3970-2013; Gao, Chuan/A-8808-2015; Villa-Angulo, Rafael/I-5937-2015; Hayes, Ben/L-3308-2016; McEwan, John/A-1143-2008; Rodrigues Caetano, Alexandre/B-5227-2017; OI Wright, Mark/0000-0001-8036-1161; Barendse, William/0000-0002-5464-0658; valentini, alessio/0000-0003-4733-7519; Gao, Chuan/0000-0002-1399-8450; Villa-Angulo, Rafael/0000-0002-7698-6617; Hayes, Ben/0000-0002-5606-3970; McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207; Rodrigues Caetano, Alexandre/0000-0002-3419-7337; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Dodds, Ken/0000-0002-9347-6379; Goddard, Michael/0000-0001-9917-7946; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Gill, Clare/0000-0003-2640-1825; Bradley, Daniel G/0000-0001-7335-7092; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Agricultures Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS); Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (USDA CSREES); Research Council of Norway; American Angus Association; American Hereford Association; American Jersey Cattle Association; AgResearch (New Zealand); Australian Brahman Breeders Association; Beefmaster Breeders United; The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa); Brown Swiss Association; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; Dairy InSight; GENO Breeding and Artificial Insemination Association-Norway; Herd Book/France Limousin Selection; Holstein Association USA; International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/IAEA Vienna; International Livestock Research Institute-Kenya; Italian Piedmontese Breeders-Parco Tecnologico Padano; Italian Romagnola Society-Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Livestock Improvement Corporation; Meat and Wool New Zealand; North American Limousin Foundation; Red Angus Association of America; Roslin Institute for UK Guernsey; Sygen (now Genus) FX The Bovine Hapmap Consortium funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Agricultures Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (USDA CSREES), the Research Council of Norway, as well as: American Angus Association, American Hereford Association, American Jersey Cattle Association, AgResearch (New Zealand), Beef CRC and Meat and Livestock Australia for the Australian Brahman Breeders Association, Beefmaster Breeders United, The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Brown Swiss Association, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Dairy InSight, GENO Breeding and Artificial Insemination Association-Norway, Herd Book/France Limousin Selection, Holstein Association USA, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/IAEA Vienna, International Livestock Research Institute-Kenya, Italian Piedmontese Breeders-Parco Tecnologico Padano, Italian Romagnola Society-Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Meat and Wool New Zealand. North American Limousin Foundation, Red Angus Association of America, Roslin Institute for UK Guernsey, and Sygen (now Genus). See SOM for additional acknowledgements. The genome sequence (AAFC03000000) and SNPs (SOM) are available from NCBI. NR 22 TC 348 Z9 363 U1 7 U2 85 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 24 PY 2009 VL 324 IS 5926 BP 528 EP 532 DI 10.1126/science.1167936 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 436JU UT WOS:000265411200051 ER PT J AU Chen, J Cantrell, CL Shang, HW Rojas, MG AF Chen, Jian Cantrell, Charles L. Shang, Han-wu Rojas, Maria G. TI Piperideine Alkaloids from the Poison Gland of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta Buren; venom; alkaloids; piperideine; piperldine; stings ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; VENOM ALKALOIDS; HEMLOCK ALKALOIDS; PHEROMONE; QUEENS; ALOES AB The major chemical components in the venom of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, are 2-methyl-6-alkyl or alkenyl piperidines. After isolating the extracts of poison glands and whole worker bodies with column chromatography, we obtained fractions containing a mixture of six piperideine alkaloids. Reduction of those samples using NaBH(4) in ethanol generated piperidine alkaloids found in the fire ant poison gland, resulting in both the cis- and the trans-piperidine alkaloids. The mass spectra and gas chromatographic behavior of most piperidine alkaloids from fire ant venom have been well-characterized, which significantly facilitated the identification of these piperdeine compounds. On the basis of the mass spectra and profiles of NaBH4 reduction products, we identified these alkaloids as 2-methyl-6-tridecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-tridecyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecenyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-pentadecyl-6-piperideine, 2-methyl-6-heptadecenyl-6-piperideine, and 2-methyl-6-heptadecyl-6-piperideine. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these piperideine alkaloids have been reported in red imported fire ant poison glands. C1 [Chen, Jian; Rojas, Maria G.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Shang, Han-wu] China Jiliang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jian.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 22 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 8 BP 3128 EP 3133 DI 10.1021/jf803561y PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 433TB UT WOS:000265227600018 PM 19326861 ER PT J AU Tako, E Glahn, RP Laparra, JM Welch, RM Lei, XG Kelly, JD Rutzke, MA Miller, DD AF Tako, Elad Glahn, Raymond P. Laparra, Jose M. Welch, Ross M. Lei, Xingen Kelly, James D. Rutzke, Mike A. Miller, Dennis D. TI Iron and Zinc Bioavailabilities to Pigs from Red and White Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Are Similar SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Beans; iron; zinc; bioavailability; absorption; pigs; stable isotopes; polyphenols ID DIETARY INULIN AFFECTS; CACO-2 CELL; SALIVARY PROTEINS; YOUNG-WOMEN; ABSORPTION; TEA; CONSUMPTION; MODEL; ACID; RATS AB Common beans contain relatively high concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) but are also high in polyphenols and phytates, factors that may inhibit Fe and Zn absorption. In vitro (Caco-2 cells) and in vivo (pigs) models were used to compare Fe and Zn bioavailabilities between red and white beans, which differ in polyphenol content. Bean/maize diets containing 37% of either white or red cooked beans were formulated. Fe uptake by Caco-2 cells was 14-fold higher from the white bean diet compared to the red bean diet. The diets were fed to anemic piglets (n = 10) for 35 days. On experiment days 7 and 21, pigs were given meals containing beans intrinsically labeled with stable isotopes of Fe and Zn ((58)Fe, (70)Zn), followed by intravenous (iv) injections of 54 Fe and 67 Zn, to assess Fe and Zn absorption. Isotope ratios determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in whole blood and plasma samples were used to calculate iron and zinc absorption, respectively. On day 35, animals were killed and duodenal sections were collected for DMT1 gene expression analysis. Fe absorption was 14 and 16% from the first labeled meal and 9 and 10.5% from the second labeled meal for the white and red beans, respectively (P > 0.05). Zn absorption was 28 and 23% from the first meal (P > 0.05) and 31 and 29% from the second meal (P > 0.05) for the white and red beans, respectively. DMT1 gene expression did not differ between treatments. It was concluded that bean color does not affect Fe or Zn bioavailability in vivo and that beans are a good source of bioavailable Fe and Zn. C1 [Tako, Elad; Laparra, Jose M.; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lei, Xingen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.; Welch, Ross M.; Rutzke, Mike A.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kelly, James D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011; OI Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 FU CGIAR HarvestPlus Program FX Supported by funding from the CGIAR HarvestPlus Program. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 22 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 8 BP 3134 EP 3140 DI 10.1021/jf803647m PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 433TB UT WOS:000265227600019 PM 19368350 ER PT J AU Wang, L Koike, T Yang, K Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Yang, DW AF Wang, Lei Koike, Toshio Yang, Kun Jackson, Thomas J. Bindlish, Rajat Yang, Dawen TI Development of a distributed biosphere hydrological model and its evaluation with the Southern Great Plains Experiments (SGP97 and SGP99) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC GCMS; HEAT FLUXES; PART I; WATER AB A distributed biosphere hydrological model, the so-called water and energy budget-based distributed hydrological model (WEB-DHM), has been developed by fully coupling a biosphere scheme (SiB2) with a geomorphology-based hydrological model (GBHM). SiB2 describes the transfer of turbulent fluxes (energy, water, and carbon fluxes) between the atmosphere and land surface for each model grid. The GBHM redistributes water moisture laterally through simulating both surface and subsurface runoff using grid-hillslope discretization and then flow routing in the river network. The WEB-DHM was calibrated and validated for the Little Washita Basin using field observations from Southern Great Plains Hydrology Experiments (SGP97 and SGP99). For the SGP97 period, the model was calibrated and it shows an ability to reproduce point-scale energy fluxes (RMSE < 50 W m(-2)) as well as CO2 flux ( RMSE = 4.6 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). At basin scale, the WEB-DHM can simulate a reasonable hydrograph (Nash = 0.956) and spatial soil moisture distribution with calibration of only a few soil hydraulic parameters for discharge. The model was then validated using SGP99 data sets and observed discharge. For the validation period, the model shows good performance in reproducing the soil surface temperature at 11 sites and the spatial distribution of surface soil moisture, as well as long-term discharges (Nash = 0.715) in the hydroyear from 1 September 1998 to 31 August 1999 that covers both the annual largest flood peak of 1999 and the SGP99 period. To our knowledge, this work is the first to undertake the development and evaluation of a distributed biosphere hydrological model using such comprehensive field observations. C1 [Wang, Lei; Koike, Toshio] Univ Tokyo, Dept Civil Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Jackson, Thomas J.; Bindlish, Rajat] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yang, Dawen] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Yang, Kun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Civil Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM wang@hydra.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Yang, Kun/G-8390-2011 OI Yang, Kun/0000-0002-0809-2371 FU Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Japan Science and Technology Corporation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan FX This study was funded by Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, the Japan Science and Technology Corporation. Parts of this work were also support by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. We greatly appreciate the receipt of OK Mesonet data. The USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory kindly provided the ARS Micronet data as well as Little Washita Basin discharge data in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey. Thanks are extended to Riccardo Rigon, Glacomo Bertoldi, and Thomas M. Over for their correspondence. We thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the paper. NR 70 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 22 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D08107 DI 10.1029/2008JD010800 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 438CY UT WOS:000265534700004 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF Kelley, RY AF Sakhanokho, Hamidou F. Kelley, Rowena Y. TI Influence of salicylic acid on in vitro propagation and salt tolerance in Hibiscus acetosella and Hibiscus moscheutos (cv 'Luna Red') SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hibiscus; in vitro; salt tolerance; salicylic acid ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; PROLINE ACCUMULATION; SALINITY TOLERANCE; STRESS; PLANTS; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; CULTURES; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION AB Salicylic acid (SA) has been reported to improve in vitro regeneration as well as induce abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The effects of varying SA concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 mM) on in vitro shoot apices of two Hibiscus species, Hibiscus moscheutos (cv 'Luna Red') and Hibiscus acetosella, grown under various salt (NaCl) concentrations (0, 175, and 200 mM) were assessed for shoot growth and multiplication, root formation, root elongation, plant survival rate, and proline accumulation. Application of exogenous SA, at 0.5 mM had a beneficial effect on all these parameters in both species under saline and non-saline conditions. Results obtained showed that H. moscheutos was more salt tolerant than H. acetosella and that SA could be used to improve in vitro regeneration and salt tolerance in these two species. Furthermore, the in vitro regeneration and screening system developed here could be incorporated in a breeding program for a rapid initial screening, further evaluation, and eventual development of salt tolerant Hibiscus plants. C1 [Sakhanokho, Hamidou F.] ARS, So Hort Lab, USDA, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Kelley, Rowena Y.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Sakhanokho, HF (reprint author), ARS, So Hort Lab, USDA, 810 Hwy 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Hamidou.Sakhanokho@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD APR 20 PY 2009 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1474 EP 1481 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 447EI UT WOS:000266174000013 ER PT J AU Matthews, CE Moorman, CE Greenberg, CH Waldrop, TA AF Matthews, Charlotte E. Moorman, Christopher E. Greenberg, Cathryn H. Waldrop, Thomas A. TI Response of soricid populations to repeated fire and fuel reduction treatments in the southern Appalachian Mountains SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire surrogates; Prescribed fire; Shrews; Soricids; Southern Appalachian Mountains; Understory cutting ID UPLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; SMALL MAMMALS; CANOPY GAPS; OAK FORESTS; ABUNDANCE; SHREWS; DISTURBANCE AB Fuel hazards have increased in forests across the United States because of fire exclusion during the 20th century. Treatments used to reduce fuel buildup may affect wildlife, such as shrews, living on the forest floor, especially when treatments are applied repeatedly. From mid-May to mid-August 2006 and 2007, we used drift fences with pitfall traps to capture shrews in western North Carolina in 3 fuel reduction treatment areas [(1) twice-burned (2003 and 2006), (2) mechanical understory cut (2002), and (3) mechanical understory cut (2002) followed by 2 burns (2003 and 2006)] and a control. We captured 77% fewer southeastern shrews (Sorex longirostris) in mechanical + twice-burned treatment areas than in mechanical treatment areas in 2006, but southeastern shrew captures did not differ among treatment areas in 2007. Total shrew captures did not differ among treatment areas in either year. Decreases in leaf litter, duff depth, and canopy cover in mechanical + twice-burned treatment areas may have decreased ground-level moisture, thereby causing short-term declines in southeastern shrew captures. Prescribed fire or mechanical fuel reduction treatments in the southern Appalachian Mountains did not greatly affect shrew populations, though the combination of both treatments may negatively affect some shrew species, at least temporarily. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Matthews, Charlotte E.; Moorman, Christopher E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Greenberg, Cathryn H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Matthews, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Box 7646, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM cematthe@ncsu.edu NR 45 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 16 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 9 BP 1939 EP 1944 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.006 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 438RC UT WOS:000265572100010 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Carrihill-Knoll, K Hinchman, M Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Foster, BC AF Rabin, Bernard M. Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty Hinchman, Marie Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. Foster, Brian C. TI Effects of heavy particle irradiation and diet on object recognition memory in rats SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE (56)Fe; Behavior; Novelty ID FE-56 PARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HIPPOCAMPAL-LESIONS; NEUROTOXIC LESIONS; RADIATION-EXPOSURE; PERIRHINAL CORTEX; MAZE PERFORMANCE; COSMIC-RAYS; AGED RATS; DEFICITS AB On long-duration missions to other planets astronauts will be exposed to types and doses of radiation that are not experienced in low, earth orbit. Previous research using a ground-based model for exposure to cosmic rays has shown that exposure to heavy particles, such as (56)Fe, disrupts spatial learning and memory measured using the Morris water maze. Maintaining rats oil diets containing antioxidant phytochemicals for 2 weeks prior to irradiation ameliorated this deficit. The present experiments were designed to determine: (1) the generality of the particle-induced disruption of memory by examining the effects of exposure to (56)Fe particles oil object recognition memory; and (2) whether maintaining rats on these antioxidant diets for 2 weeks prior to irradiation would also ameliorate any potential deficit. The results showed that exposure to low doses of (56)Fe particles does disrupt recognition memory and that maintaining rats oil antioxidant diets containing blueberry and strawberry extract for only 2 weeks was effective in ameliorating the disruptive effects of irradiation. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms by which exposure to these particles may produce effects on neurocognitive performance. (C) 2009 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rabin, Bernard M.; Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty; Hinchman, Marie; Foster, Brian C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rabin@umbc.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAG9-1529, NNJ06HD93G] FX This study was supported by Grants NAG9-1529 and NNJ06HD93G from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1193 EP 1199 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.01.015 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 438OV UT WOS:000265565900004 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Kim, SY Kim, YS Lee, WH Hwang, DH Lee, JY AF Lee, Jun Kyung Kim, So Young Kim, Yoon Sun Lee, Won-Ha Hwang, Daniel H. Lee, Joo Young TI Suppression of the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of Toll-like receptors by luteolin SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toll-like receptor; Phytochemicals; TRIF; TBK1; Inflammation ID KAPPA-B KINASE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; MOUSE MACROPHAGES; TYROSINE KINASE; INHIBITION; CELLS; FLAVONOIDS; MICE AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in induction of innate immune responses for both host defense against invading pathogens and wound healing after tissue injury. Since dysregulation of TLR-mediated immune responses is closely linked to many chronic diseases, modulation of TLR activation by small molecules may hive therapeutic potential against such diseases. Expression of the majority of lipopolysaccharide-induced TLR4 target genes is mediated through a MyD88-independent (TRIF-dependent) signaling pathway. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the flavonoid luteolin we examined its effect on TLR-stimulated signal transduction via the TRIF-dependent pathway. Luteolin suppressed activation of Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF kappa B induced by TLR3 and TLR4 agonists resulting in the decreased expression of target genes such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, IP-10, IFN beta, CXCL9, and IL-27 in macrophages. Luteolin attenuated ligand-independent activation of IRF3 or NF kappa B induced by TLR4, TRIF, or TBK1, while it did not inhibit TLR oligomerization. Luteolin inhibited TBK1-kinase activity and IRF3 dimerization and phosphorylation, leading to the reduction of TBK1-dependent gene expression. Structural analogs of luteolin such as quercetin, chrysin, and eriodictyol also inhibited TBK1-kinase activity and TBK1-target gene expression. These results demonstrate that TBK1 is a novel target of anti-inflammatory flavonoids resulting in the down-regulation of the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway. These results suggest that the beneficial activities of these flavonoids against inflammatory diseases may be attributed to the modulation of TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jun Kyung; Kim, So Young; Kim, Yoon Sun; Lee, Joo Young] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Lee, Jun Kyung; Kim, So Young; Kim, Yoon Sun; Lee, Joo Young] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Cell Dynam Res Ctr, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Lee, Jun Kyung; Kim, So Young; Kim, Yoon Sun; Lee, Joo Young] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Biomol Nanotechnol, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Lee, Won-Ha] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Genet Engn, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hwang, Daniel H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. EM joolee@gist.ac.kr FU Korea Health; Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [A080830]; National Institutes of Health [DK064007-01A2] FX We thank Dr. Charles B. Stephensen in USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA for critical readings and scientific editing. This work was supported by the grant from the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A080830) (to J.Y.L.) and by grants DK064007-01A2, from the National Institutes of Health (to D.H.H). NR 41 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1391 EP 1400 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.01.009 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 429EW UT WOS:000264904700010 PM 19426678 ER PT J AU Korth, C Bader, V Leliveld, SR Prikulis, I Onisko, B Onisko, B AF Korth, Carsten Bader, Verian Leliveld, S. Rutger Prikulis, Ingrid Onisko, Bruce Onisko, Bruce TI A Monoclonal Antibody Defining a Generic Epitope Present on Insoluble DISC1 and CRMP1 in Sporadic Cases with Chronic Mental Diseases SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Convention of the Society-of-Biological-Psychiatry CY MAY 14-16, 2009 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Biol Psychiat C1 [Korth, Carsten; Bader, Verian; Leliveld, S. Rutger; Prikulis, Ingrid] Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Onisko, Bruce] USDA, PAL, Albany, CA USA. RI Korth, Carsten/F-7433-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 65 IS 8 MA 216 BP 66S EP 66S PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 432OS UT WOS:000265144200210 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Pan, ZL Zhang, RH Jenkins, BM AF Zheng, Yi Pan, Zhongli Zhang, Ruihong Jenkins, Bryan M. TI Kinetic Modeling for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Creeping Wild Ryegrass SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lignocellulosic biomass; creeping wild ryegrass; kinetic model; enzymatic hydrolysis; Langmuir adsorption isotherm; nonproductive adsorption of lignin ID SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; FERMENTATION PROCESS; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; FUEL ETHANOL; LIGNOCELLULOSE; BIOMASS; LIGNIN AB A semimechanistic multi-reaction kinetic model was developed to describe the enzymatic hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass, creeping wild ryegrass (CWR; Leymus triticoides). This model incorporated one homogeneous reaction of cellobiose-to-glucose and two heterogeneous reactions of cellulose-to-cellobiose and cellulose-to-glucose. Adsorption of cellulase onto pretreated CWR during enzymatic hydrolysis was modeled via a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. This is the first kinetic model which incorporated the negative role of lignin (nonproductive adsorption) using a Langmuir-type isotherm adsorption of cellulase onto lignin. The model also reflected the competitive inhibitions of cellulase by glucose and cellobiose. The Matlab optimization function of "Isqnonlin" was used to fit the model and estimate kinetic parameters based on experimental data generated under typical conditions (8% solid loading and 15 FPU/g-cellulose enzyme concentration without the addition of background sugars). The model showed high fidelity for predicting Cellulose hydrolysis behavior over a broad range of solid loading (4-12%, w/w, dry basis), enzyme concentration (15-150 FPU/g-cellulose), Sugar inhibition (glucose of 30 and 60 mg/mL, and cellobiose of 10 mg/mL). In addition, sensitivity analysis showed that the incorporation of the nonproductive adsorption of cellulase onto lignin significantly improved the predictability of the kinetic model. Our model can serve as a robust tool for developing kinetic models for system optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolysis reactor design, and/or other hydrolysis systems with different type of enzymes and substrates. C1 [Zheng, Yi; Pan, Zhongli; Zhang, Ruihong; Jenkins, Bryan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS WRRC, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. RP Zheng, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yizheng@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Water Resources [4600002991] FX Contract grant sponsor: California Department of Water Resources Contract grant number: 4600002991 NR 48 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 33 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1558 EP 1569 DI 10.1002/bit.22197 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 422MX UT WOS:000264433500004 PM 19061240 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS Rempel, GL AF Liu, Z. S. Rempel, G. L. TI Hydrogen transfer from cyclohexanol to aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by heterogenized ruthenium(II) complexes bound to swellable polymer matrices SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen transfer; Cyclohexanol; Aromatic aldehydes; Ruthenium; Kinetics ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OLEFINS; ALCOHOLS; CHLOROTRIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RHODIUM(I); POLYCARBOXYLATE; MECHANISM; KETONES AB Aromatic aldehydes can be reduced to corresponding alcohols by hydrogen transfer from cyclohexanol in the presence of Ru(II) complexes bound to swellable polymer matrices. The kinetics of the reaction has been measured between 100 and 140 degrees C. The process was shown to depend on the structure of aromatic aldehydes, on the concentrations of aldehyde and hydrogen donor, and on the amount of catalyst. The reaction proceeded efficiently in halogenated hydrocarbon solvents. The metal leaching and deactivation of the catalyst was studied. The metal leaching was different for subsequent catalytic runs and it is most pronounced in the first catalytic run. The IR spectra study for the catalyst deactivation showed that catalyst deactivation may be ascribed to the formation of metallic units bound to two carboxylate groups. This problem can be prevented by esterifying the groups. An apparent activation energy, Ea = 22 +/- 1 kcal/mol was obtained, which suggests that the catalytic process involves predominantly a chemically controlled reaction. A general reaction mechanism and rate equation have been proposed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Z. S.; Rempel, G. L.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Liu, ZS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kevin.liu@ars.usda.gov; grempel@cape.uwaterloo.ca NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 147 IS 2-3 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2008.11.042 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 423UR UT WOS:000264521700036 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP Evens, TJ AF Niedz, Randall P. Evens, Terence J. TI Ca2+-alginate hydrogell swelling models are not pH-dependent SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Niedz, Randall P.; Evens, Terence J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Niedz, RP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM RNiedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 64 IS 8 BP 1907 EP 1907 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2009.01.002 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 435AX UT WOS:000265316700027 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Parkin, KL AF Bolling, Bradley W. Parkin, Kirk L. TI Limited contribution of isoflavones to hepatocellular phase II enzyme-inducing activity of soybean (Glycine max) extracts SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soy; Soybean; Soy flour; Quinone reductase; Hepa 1c1c7; Isoflavones; Genistein; Daidzein; Phase 2 enzyme; Cancer chemoprevention ID THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAMS; QUINONE REDUCTASE; SOY PROTEIN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAMMARY-TUMORS; INDUCTION; FOODS; RATS; ABSORPTION; GLYCOSIDE AB Soy flour was successively extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water and tested for quinone reductase (QR) induction in the Hepa 1c1c7 cell line. The ethanol extract was found to be the most potent, with a CD value (concentration required to double QR specific activity) of 460 mu g/ml. Phase separation of the ethanol extract and a phospholipid removal procedure yielded a fraction that doubled QR at 80 mu g/ml, Reverse phase medium pressure chromatography of the purified ethanol extract yielded 13 fractions. Constituents of selected fractions were identified using Mass spectrometry and NMR analysis. Fractions 2, 8, and 10 contained 47% of the recovered mass and were the least active of the isolates. These three fractions contained isoflavone glycosides. The latest eluting fractions 11-13 were found to be the most potent, and contained the majority of recovered inducing units (IUs), a measure of potency. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parkin, Kirk L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bolling, Bradley W.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Parkin, KL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Babcock Hall,1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM klparkin@wisc.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU University of Wisconsin College of Agricultural and Life Sciences [WIS04787]; Wisconsin Soybean Marketing Board FX This work was supported by the University of Wisconsin College of Agricultural and Life Sciences through an Experiment Station Hatch Project (WIS04787), and a Grant from the Wisconsin Soybean Marketing Board. The authors thank Gary Girdaukas and Torn Stringfellow from the Analytical Instrumentation Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for technical assistance with the collection of MS and NMR data. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1075 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.073 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 386BK UT WOS:000261857100033 ER PT J AU Drohan, PJ Merkler, DJ AF Drohan, P. J. Merkler, D. J. TI How do we find a true gypsophile? SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Gypsum; Mojave; Habitat; Arctomecon californica; Eriogonum corymbosum ID PLANT COMMUNITY PATTERNS; SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; AGGREGATE STABILITY; CENTRAL MEXICO; MOJAVE DESERT; GYPSUM AREA; FIELD SOIL; NE SPAIN; VEGETATION; ESTABLISHMENT AB The unique physical and chemical properties of gypsum soils have been used to explain species distribution across landscapes, however, past research on gypsophiles often has not encompassed broad analysis of soil-landscape-plant interaction and thus may have incorrectly labeled many species as gypsophiles. We use the example of the two reported gypsophiles, Arctomecon californica Torrey & Fremont and Eriogonum corymbosum Bentham var. nilesii Reveal found in the southern Mojave Desert, USA, to test the hypothesis that both species are gypsophiles and then draw conclusions from our work to evaluate past studies of gypsum soils, their landscapes and gypsophiles. Results from detailed pedologic analyses indicate that site characteristics affecting potential soil water content (topgraphic relief, soil particle size, depth to horizons perching water, and soil chemistry and mineralogy) differentiate habitat types and suggest surface differences affecting soil water content are more important for species success than sub-surface factors. Results suggest that gypsum is but one part of the explanation for A. californica and E corymbosum habitat differentiation and in fact neither species are gypsophiles. While few soils across all habitats had abundant gypsum, gypsum was of very low abundance at most sites and not limited to one habitat type. Foliar chemistry data also indicate neither species accumulates sulfur; the hypothesis that these species are gypsophiles is thus rejected. This research demostrates the complicated nature of determining the influence of soil and landscape on habitat differentiation and the necessity of detailed field-pedologic analysis when defining species limiting soil-landscape constraints. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Drohan, P. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Merkler, D. J.] USDA, Las Vegas, NV 89120 USA. RP Drohan, PJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pjd7@psu.edu FU Bureau of Land Management FX The author would like to acknowledge the following organizations and individuals: two reviewers from Geoderma for insightful comments; Gayle Marrs-Smith and Christina Lund, Bureau of Land Management, Las Vegas; Dr. Brenda Buck, Dr. Clay Crow, Colin Robins, Mike Howell, Joshua Boxell, Dr. Amy Brock, Dr. Spencer Steinberg, and Rekha Saxena The University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Drs. Rebecca Burt, Mike Hammer, and Mike Wilson USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, NE for laboratory assistance, Dr. Janis Boettinger, Utah State University; Dr. David Charlet and Dr. Lois Alexander, College of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas and Dr. Juan Herrero, Laboratorio asociado de Agricultura y Medioambiente (DGA-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain for reviews, and Eco-Write LLC for editorial assistance; funding for this project was provided by the Bureau of Land Management. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.01.008 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 435KM UT WOS:000265342800011 ER PT J AU Dourou, D Porto-Fett, ACS Shoyer, B Call, JE Nychas, GJE Illg, EK Luchansky, JB AF Dourou, Dimitra Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Shoyer, Brad Call, Jeffrey E. Nychas, George John E. Illg, Ernst K. Luchansky, John B. TI Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium in teewurst, a raw spreadable sausage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella Typhimurium; Food safety; Teewurst; Meats ID MANUFACTURING PROCESS; FERMENTED SAUSAGES; MEAT; VALIDATION; O157-H7; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; SOUDJOUK; GERMANY; SURFACE AB The fate of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, or Escherichia coli O157:H7 were separately monitored both in and on teewurst, a traditional raw and spreadable sausage of Germanic origin. Multi-strain cocktails of each pathogen (ca. 5.0 log CFU/g) were used to separately inoculate teewurst that was subsequently stored at 1.5, 4, 10, and 21 degrees C. When inoculated into commercially-prepared batter just prior to stuffing, in general, the higher the storage temperature, the greater the lethality. Depending on the storage temperature, pathogen levels in the batter decreased by 2.3 to 3.4, ca. 3.8, and 2.2 to 3.6 log CFU/g for E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L monocytogenes, respectively, during storage for 30 days. When inoculated onto both the top and bottom faces of sliced commercially-prepared finished product, the results for all four temperatures showed a decrease of 0.9 to 1.4, 1.4 to 1.8, and 2.2 to 3.0 log CFU/g for E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes, respectively, over the course of 21 days. With the possible exceptions for salt and carbohydrate levels, chemical analyses of teewurst purchased from five commercial manufacturers revealed only subtle differences in proximate composition for this product type. Our data establish that teewurst does not provide a favourable environment for the survival of E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, or L. monocytogenes inoculated either into or onto the product. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Shoyer, Brad; Call, Jeffrey E.; Luchansky, John B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Dourou, Dimitra; Nychas, George John E.] Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lab Microbiol & Biotechnol Foods, GR-11855 Athens, Greece. [Dourou, Dimitra] Cranfield Univ, Appl Microbiol Lab, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Illg, Ernst K.] Ernst A Illg Meats Inc, Chalfont, PA USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Luchansky@ars.usda.gov RI Nychas, George/B-2734-2009 OI Nychas, George/0000-0002-2673-6425 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 3 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.01.037 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 434WZ UT WOS:000265306100013 PM 19269050 ER PT J AU Picciani, PHS Medeiros, ES Pan, ZL Orts, WJ Mattoso, LHC Soares, BG AF Picciani, Paulo H. S. Medeiros, Eliton S. Pan, Zhongli Orts, William J. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. Soares, Bluma G. TI Development of Conducting Polyaniline/Poly(lactic acid) Nanofibers by Electrospinning SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conducting polymers; electron microscopy; fibers; nanocomposites ID X-RAY; POLYANILINE; FIBERS; SENSOR; FABRICATION; MEMBRANES; BLENDS AB Ultrafine fibers consisting of blends of polyaniline doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid and poly(L-lactic acid) were prepared by electrospinning. The presence of polyaniline resulted in fibers with diameters as thin as 100-200 rim and a significant reduction of bead formation. These fibers were visually homogeneous, and this indicated good interactions between the components of the polyaniline/poly(L-lactic acid) blend. The high interaction between the components and the rapid evaporation of the solvent during electrospinning resulted in nanofibers with a lower degree of crystallinity in comparison with cast films. The electrical conductivity of the electrospun fiber mats was lower than that of blend films produced by casting, probably because of the lower degree of crystallinity of the polyaniline dispersion and the high porosity of the nonwoven mat. This novel system opens up new and interesting opportunities for applications in biomedical devices, biodegradable materials, and sensors, among other things. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112: 744-753, 2009 C1 [Picciani, Paulo H. S.; Soares, Bluma G.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Macromol, Ctr Tecnol, Ilha Fundao, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Medeiros, Eliton S.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Aplicada Agronegocio, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Medeiros, Eliton S.; Orts, William J.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Agr Res Serv, Bioprod Chem & Engn Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] Agr Res Serv, Processed Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mattoso, LHC (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Macromol, Ctr Tecnol, Ilha Fundao, Bloco J,POB 68525, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM mattoso@cnpdia.embrapa.br; bluma@ima.ufrj.br RI Medeiros, Eliton/C-5768-2013; Picciani, Paulo/H-8847-2013; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [210237/2006-6]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior; Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Embrapa/U.S. Department of Agriculture Labex program FX Contract grant sponsor: Embrapa/U.S. Department of Agriculture Labex program. NR 37 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 31 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 112 IS 2 BP 744 EP 753 DI 10.1002/app.29447 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 412YW UT WOS:000263761100021 ER PT J AU Petters, MD Parsons, MT Prenni, AJ DeMott, PJ Kreidenweis, SM Carrico, CM Sullivan, AP McMeeking, GR Levin, E Wold, CE Collett, JL Moosmuller, H AF Petters, Markus D. Parsons, Matthew T. Prenni, Anthony J. DeMott, Paul J. Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Carrico, Christian M. Sullivan, Amy P. McMeeking, Gavin R. Levin, Ezra Wold, Cyle E. Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr. Moosmueller, Hans TI Ice nuclei emissions from biomass burning SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; CLOUD FORMATION; SOOT AEROSOLS; NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; AMAZON; FIRES; SMOKE AB Biomass burning is a significant source of carbonaceous aerosol in many regions of the world. When present, biomass burning particles may affect the microphysical properties of clouds through their ability to function as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei. We report on measurements of the ice nucleation ability of biomass burning particles performed on laboratory-generated aerosols at the second Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment. During the experiment we generated smoke through controlled burns of 21 biomass fuels from the United States and Asia. Using a Colorado State University continuous flow diffusion chamber, we measured the condensation/immersion freezing potential at temperatures relevant to cold cumulus clouds (-30 degrees C). Smokes from 9 of the 21 fuels acted as ice nuclei at fractions of 1: 10,000 to 1: 100 particles in at least one burn of each fuel; emissions from the remaining fuels were below the ice nuclei detection limit for all burns of each fuel. Using a bottom-up emission model, we estimate that smokes that emit ice nuclei fractions exceeding 1: 10,000 particles can perturb ice nuclei concentrations on a regional scale. C1 [Petters, Markus D.; Parsons, Matthew T.; Prenni, Anthony J.; DeMott, Paul J.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Carrico, Christian M.; Sullivan, Amy P.; McMeeking, Gavin R.; Levin, Ezra; Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Moosmueller, Hans] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Wold, Cyle E.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Petters, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Campus Delivery 1371, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM petters@atmos.colostate.edu RI Parsons, Matthew/C-3663-2008; Levin, Ezra/F-5809-2010; McMeeking, Gavin/A-7679-2008; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Petters, Markus/D-2144-2009; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877; McMeeking, Gavin/0000-0001-9782-3713; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Petters, Markus/0000-0002-4082-1693; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP05-3-1-06]; Department of Energy NICCR [MPC35TA-A]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG06GF00G, NNG04GR44G]; National Science Foundation [NSF ATM-0521643]; U.S. Department of Energy's Global Change Education Program FX We acknowledge funding from the Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP05-3-1-06. We also acknowledge support from the Department of Energy NICCR under grant MPC35TA-A, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grants NNG06GF00G and NNG04GR44G, and the National Science Foundation under grant NSF ATM-0521643. G. R. M. was supported by a U. S. Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship (GREF) funded by the U. S. Department of Energy's Global Change Education Program. We thank Wei-Min Hao and William Malm for their key roles in organizing the FLAME study. We thank all supporting members of the FLAME II team, particularly staff at the USDA Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula. We thank Mike Chandler, Joey Chong, Guenter Engling, Eric Garrell, Grizelle Gonzales, Sue Grace, Jennifer Hinkley, Randi Jant, Sheah Mucci, Rachael Moore, Robert Olson, Kenneth Outcalt, Jim Reardon, Kevin Robertson, Pauline Spain, and David Weise for collecting the fuel samples for the project. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism that helped us improve this manuscript. NR 52 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D07209 DI 10.1029/2008JD011532 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435FH UT WOS:000265328800004 ER PT J AU Delikanaki-Skaribas, E Trail, M Wong, WWL Lai, EC AF Delikanaki-Skaribas, Evangelia Trail, Marilyn Wong, William Wai-Lun Lai, Eugene C. TI Daily Energy Expenditure, Physical Activity, and Weight Loss in Parkinson's Disease Patients SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; weight loss; doubly labeled water; activity questionnaires; activity monitors ID DEEP BRAIN-STIMULATION; BODY-MASS INDEX; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; GAIN; WATER AB Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly exhibit weight loss (WL) which investigators attribute to various factors, including elevated energy expenditure. We tested the hypothesis that daily energy expenditure (DEE) and its components, testing energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity (PA) energy expenditure (PAEE), are elevated in WL compared with weight stable (WS) PD patients. We measured DEE in 10 PD WL Patients and 10 PD WS patients using doubly labeled water (DLW). PAEE was estimated with DLW, activity monitors, and activity questionnaires. REE was measured with indirect calorimetry. We evaluated energy intake (EI) with a patient's 3-day food diary. Data was assessed employing SPSS, Spearman correlation coefficients, and Bland and Altman plots. There was no difference in DEE between the WL and WS groups measured with DLW. There were no differences in REE and EI between groups. DEE (r = 0.548, P < 0.05) and PAEE (r = 0.563. P < 0.01) are related with caloric intake. The WL group had higher PA than the WS group (P < 0.042) only when measured with wrist activity monitors. Results suggest that WL in PD patients cannot be fully explained by an increase in DEE. Large longitudinal studies to examine multiple relationships between variables might provide us with a better understanding of WL among PD patients. (C) 2008 Movement Disorder Society C1 [Delikanaki-Skaribas, Evangelia; Trail, Marilyn; Lai, Eugene C.] Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, Parkinsons Dis Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Trail, Marilyn; Lai, Eugene C.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wong, William Wai-Lun] Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Trail, M (reprint author), Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, Parkinsons Dis Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Dept Neurol, 2002 Holcombe Blvd,127 PD, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mtrail@bcm.tmc.edu FU Veteran's Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service Center of Excellence on Healthy Aging with Disabilities [E0802C] FX Funding for this Study was provided by the Veteran's Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service Center of Excellence on Healthy Aging with Disabilities (grant # E0802C) at Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center. We thank our veteran patients with Parkinson's disease)mho participated in this study, NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 667 EP 671 DI 10.1002/mds.22372 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 439KG UT WOS:000265625400005 PM 19117356 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque 1818, tetraspanin membrane protein family: Characterization and expression analysis of CD81 cDNA SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; CD81; Tetraspanin; TAPA-1 ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE; CD59; MICE; WEB; PALMITOYLATION; LYMPHOCYTES; COMPLEXES; RESPONSES AB CD81, also known as the target of an antiproliferative antibody 1 (TAPA-1) in human, is a member of tetraspanin integral membrane protein family. This protein plays many important roles in immune and other physiological functions. In this report, we characterized and analyzed expression of the channel catfish CD81 transcript. The full-length of channel catfish CD81 cDNA comprised of 1130 nucleotides, including an open reading frame which appears to encode a putative peptide of 234 amino acid residues. By comparison with the human counterpart, the channel catfish CD81 peptide could be divided into domains, including four transmembrane domains, three intracellular domains, and one of each small and large extracellular loops. The degree of conservation of the channel catfish CD81 amino acid sequence to that of mammalian counterparts ranged from 65% to 67%. The large extracellular domain shows the least conservation between fish and mammals. However, the characteristic Cys(159)-Cys(160)-Gly(161) motif and Cys(176/188) in this domain were conserved. The channel catfish CD81 transcript was detected by RT-PCR in spleen, head kidney, liver, intestine, skin and gill. This result provides important information for further elucidating CD81 functions in channel catfish. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [6420-32000-020-00D] FX This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6420-32000-020-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 128 IS 4 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.11.028 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 429XF UT WOS:000264952700013 PM 19131118 ER PT J AU Jin, FX Frohman, C Thannhauser, TW Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Jin, Fuxia Frohman, Charles Thannhauser, Theodore W. Welch, Ross M. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Effects of ascorbic acid, phytic acid and tannic acid on iron bioavailability from reconstituted ferritin measured by an in vitro digestion-Caco-2 cell model SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Ferritin; Iron bioavailability; Phytic acid; Tannic acid; Ascorbic acid ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HORSE SPLEEN FERRITIN; NONANEMIC WOMEN; CACO-2 CELLS; FOOD IRON; PROTEIN; APOFERRITIN; DEFICIENCY; REDUCTION; RECEPTOR AB The effects of ascorbic acid (AA), phytate and tannic acid (TA) on Fe bioavailability from Fe supplied as reconstituted ferritin were compared with FeSO(4) using an in vitro digestion-Caco-2 cell model. Horse spleen apoferritin was chemically reconstituted into an animal-type ferritin (HSF) and a plant-type ferritin (P-HSF) according to the typical ratios of Fe:P found in these molecules. In the presence of AA (Fe:AA molar ratio of 1:20), significantly more Fe was absorbed from FeSo(4) (about 303%), HSF (about 454%) and P-HSF (about 371%) when compared with ferrous sulfate or ferritin without AA. Phytic acid (PA; FeTA molar ratio of 1:20) significantly reduced Fe bioavailability from FeSo(4) (about 86%), HSF (about 82%) and P-HSF (about 93%) relative to FeSO(4) and the ferritin controls. Treatment with TA (Fe:TA molar ratio of 1: 1) significantly decreased Fe bioavailability (about 97%) from both FeSo(4) and the ferritin samples. AA was able to partially reverse the negative effect of PA (Fe:PA:AA molar ratio of 1:20:20) on Fe bioavailability but did not reverse the inhibiting effect of TA (Fe:TA:AA molar ratio of 1: 1:20) on Fe bioavailability from ferritin and FeSO(4). Overall, there were no significant differences in bioavailable Fe between P-HSF, HSF or FeSO(4). Furthermore, the addition of AA (a known promoter) or the inhibitors, PA and TA, or both, did not result in significant differences in bioavailable Fe from ferritin relative to FeSO(4). The results suggest that Fe in the reconstituted ferritin molecule is easily released during in vitro digestion and interacts with known promoters and inhibitors. C1 [Jin, Fuxia; Frohman, Charles; Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Welch, Ross M.; Glahn, Raymond P.] Robert W Holley Ctr Hlth & Agr, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jin, Fuxia] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Onel Viticulture & Nat Product Lab, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Jin, FX (reprint author), Robert W Holley Ctr Hlth & Agr, USDA ARS, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jinf@appstate.edu FU HarvestPlus; US Department of Agriculture; Cornell University FX Mention of a trademark, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the United States Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. Financial support from HarvestPlus, the US Department of Agriculture and Cornell University is greatly appreciated. We thank Yongpei Chang and Mary Bodis for their assistance with cell-culture work and Mike Rutzke and Zhiqiang Cheng for Fe analysis by ICP-atomic emission spectroscopy/MS. We express our sincere appreciation to Tara L. Fish, Xiaolong Yang and Yong Yang at the Functional and Comparative Proteomics Center, USDA-ARS at Cornell University for assistance on the protein integrity study using native gel electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS (data not shown in this paper). Finally, we thank Dr Cynthia L. Kinsland and the staff at the Protein Facility of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Cornell University for their assistance with gel electrophoresis Figs. I (B) and (Q) and get filtration chromatography. There is no conflict of interest to declare and all authors adhere to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on research and publication ethics. F.J. was a co-investigator and the main contributor to the manuscript in designing the experiments, collecting data and preparing the manuscript. C. F. verified the ferritin mineral core integrity by measuring ferritin surface-bound Fe(H), coat-sequestered Fe(II) and core Fe. T. W. T. verified ferritin protein integrity by working on the native gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS experiments. R. M. W. was a co-investigator who helped with the design of the experiments and preparation of the manuscript. R. P. G. was the primary investigator who helped with the design of the expefiment and preparation of the manuscript. HarvestPlus, the US Department of Agriculture and Cornell University funded the present study. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR 14 PY 2009 VL 101 IS 7 BP 972 EP 981 DI 10.1017/S0007114508055621 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 435JI UT WOS:000265339800006 PM 18755051 ER PT J AU Montrichard, F Alkhalfioui, F Yano, H Vensel, WH Hurkman, WJ Buchanan, BB AF Montrichard, Francoise Alkhalfioui, Fatima Yano, Hiroyuki Vensel, William H. Hurkman, William J. Buchanan, Bob B. TI Thioredoxin targets in plants: The first 30 years SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE Redox regulation; Redox biology; Thioredoxin; Thioredoxin targets; Proteomic approaches; Disulfide proteome ID NADP-MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI THIOREDOXIN; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR PROTEINS; S-NITROSYLATED PROTEINS; LOCUS RECEPTOR KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; IN-VIVO; FERREDOXIN/THIOREDOXIN SYSTEM AB The turn of the century welcomed major developments in redox biology. in plants, proteomics made possible the identification of proteins linked to thioredoxin (Trx), initially in chloroplasts and then other cell compartments. Two procedures, one based on thiol specific probes and the other on mutant Trx proteins, facilitated the labeling or isolation of potential Trx targets that were later identified with proteomic approaches. As a result, the number of targets in land plants increased 10-fold from fewer than 40 to more than 400. Additional targets have been identified in green algae and cyanobacteria, making a grand total of 500 in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Collectively these proteins have the potential to influence virtually every major process of the cell. A number of laboratories currently seek to confirm newly identified Trx targets by biochemical and genetic approaches. Almost certainly many new targets become redox active during oxidative stress, enabling the plant to cope with changing environments. Under these conditions, certain targets may be glutathionylated or nitrosylated such that reversion to the original reduced state is facilitated not only by Trx, but also, in some cases preferably, by glutaredoxin. When judging changes linked to Trx, it is prudent to recognize that effects transcend classical light/dark or oxidative regulation and fall in other arenas, in some cases yet to be defined. While future work will continue to give insight into functional details, it is clear that Trx plays a fundamental role in regulating diverse processes of the living cell. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Montrichard, Francoise] Univ Angers, INRA, UMR 1191, Inst Natl Hort,ARES,QUASAV,IFR 149, F-49045 Angers 01, France. [Alkhalfioui, Fatima] Inst Gilbert Laustriat, UMR 7175, LC1, F-67412 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Yano, Hiroyuki] Natl Inst Crop Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Vensel, William H.; Hurkman, William J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Buchanan, Bob B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Montrichard, F (reprint author), Univ Angers, INRA, UMR 1191, Inst Natl Hort,ARES,QUASAV,IFR 149, 16 Blvd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers 01, France. EM francoise.montrichard@univ-angers.fr NR 136 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-3919 J9 J PROTEOMICS JI J. Proteomics PD APR 13 PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 452 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.12.002 PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 441XV UT WOS:000265804800012 PM 19135183 ER PT J AU Chassaigne, H Tregoat, V Norgaard, JV Maleki, SJ van Hengel, AJ AF Chassaigne, Hubert Tregoat, Virginie Norgaard, Jorgen V. Maleki, Soheila J. van Hengel, Arjon J. TI Resolution and identification of major peanut allergens using a combination of fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis, Western blotting and Q-TOF mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Peanut allergens; Two-dimensional fluorescence gel electrophoresis; 2D Western blotting; Nano-electrospray Q-TOF mass spectrometry ID ARA-H-I; IGE-BINDING; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; BASIC SUBUNIT; FOOD ALLERGY; ARA-H-2; EPITOPES; PROTEIN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; TECHNOLOGY AB Peanut allergy is triggered by several proteins known as allergens. In this study, the complexity the peanut allergome is investigated with proteomic tools. The strength of this investigation resides in combining the high-resolving power and reproducibility of fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis with specific immunological detection as well as polypeptide sequencing by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Matching of the peanut proteins in 2D gels was achieved by differential labelling whereby peanut proteins and purified allergens (Ara h 1, Ara h 2 or Ara h 3/4) were run on the same gel. Ten protein spots on a mass line of ca. 63-68 kDa were likely to correspond to Ara h 1. Two doublets on two different mass lines at ca. 16 and 18 kDa matched with purified allergen Ara h 2. The basic and acidic sub-units of Ara h 3/4 were observed at masses of ca. 25 kDa and 40-45 kDa, respectively. Subsequently the antibody-binding capacity of spots corresponding to peanut allergens was investigated by Western blotting of 2D gels using antibodies (IgY) raised against Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and the recombinant 40 kDa sub-unit of Ara h 3/4. Final confirmation of the identity of the protein spots matched after 2D electrophoresis and identified by Western blotting was obtained by in-gel digestion of protein spots and analysis by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. By using the method developed in our work, the location and identification of two different isoforms of the allergen Ara h 1, the allergen Ara h 2 and six isoforms of the allergen Ara h 3/4 in 2D peanut protein maps was established. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chassaigne, Hubert; Tregoat, Virginie; Norgaard, Jorgen V.; van Hengel, Arjon J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Maleki, Soheila J.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chassaigne, H (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM hubert.chassaigne@ec.europa.eu OI Norgaard, Jorgen Vinther/0000-0002-7004-8857 NR 42 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-3919 J9 J PROTEOMICS JI J. Proteomics PD APR 13 PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 511 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.02.002 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 441XV UT WOS:000265804800016 PM 19223023 ER PT J AU Burkey, KO Carter, TE AF Burkey, Kent O. Carter, Thomas E., Jr. TI Foliar resistance to ozone injury in the genetic base of US and Canadian soybean and prediction of resistance in descendent cultivars using coefficient of parentage SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ancestor; Coefficient of parentage; Foliar injury; Ozone tolerance; Soybean ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; YIELD RESPONSES; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; MATURITY GROUPS; TOLERANCE; GROWTH; REGISTRATION; SENSITIVITY; MIXTURES; MARKERS AB Development of ozone (O(3)) resistant cultivars is a potentially important approach for maintaining crop productivity tinder future climate scenarios in which tropospheric O(3) pollution is projected to rise. A first step in the breeding of resistant cultivars for a crop Such as soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is identification of sources of O(3) resistance genes. Thirty ancestral lines of soybean were screened for differences in O(3) foliar injury under greenhouse conditions. The ancestors represented 92% of the genetic base of North American soybean as determined by pedigree analysis. Injury among ancestors ranged from 5 to 50% of leaf area, based oil response of the live oldest main stem leaves, indicating both the presence of substantial genetic variation for O(3) injury among the ancestors as well as resistance levels greater than that of the standard control cultivar, resistant Essex (15% injury). Ancestral types Fiskeby 840-7-3 and Fiskeby III exhibited the greatest foliar resistance and PI 88788 the least. A subsequent field Study confirmed the foliar resistance of the Fiskeby types. Resistant ancestors identified here are proposed for inheritance and DNA mapping studies to determine the genetic basis of foliar resistance. Because the presence of O(3)-resistant ancestors suggested that resistant descendents may exist in addition to the resistant control Essex. a method was developed to facilitate their identification. A predicted O(3)-resistance score Was calculated for 247 Publicly released Cultivars, based on pedigree analysis and ancestral response to ozone. Using this approach, the 32 public cultivars most closely related to resistant ancestors and, thus, most likely to be resistant were identified as priority candidates for future screening efforts. Predicted scores from the analysis suggested that cultivars from the Midwest may be more sensitive to foliar injury, on average, than Southern cultivars. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burkey, Kent O.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Carter, Thomas E., Jr.] USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Burkey, Kent O.; Carter, Thomas E., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burkey, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM Kent.Burkey@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 11 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.12.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425PX UT WOS:000264650700004 ER PT J AU Pimstein, A Eitel, JUH Long, DS Mufradi, I Karnieli, A Bonfil, DJ AF Pimstein, Agustin Eitel, Jan U. H. Long, Dan S. Mufradi, Israel Karnieli, Arnon Bonfil, David J. TI A spectral index to monitor the head-emergence of wheat in semi-arid conditions SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zadoks; Vegetation index; Normalized heading index (NHI); Canopy reflectance; Water status; Advanced land imager (ALI) satellite images; Decision support system (DSS) ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; WATER-CONTENT; ABSORPTION FEATURES; VEGETATION INDEXES; REFLECTANCE DATA; LIQUID WATER; MODIS; INVERSION; PHENOLOGY; SERIES AB Harvesting wheat (Triticium aestivum L.) for forage or leaving it for grain is the main decision uncertainty growers face in semi-arid regions during mid-season. To facilitate decision-making, a decision support system (DSS) has recently been proposed that requires information about crop water and nutritional status during spike emergence. Though remote sensing has been used to provide site-specific crop status information, a spectral vegetation index is needed to ensure that the information has been acquired during spike emergence. The objective of this study was to propose a spectral index sensitive to spike emergence and validate its suitability across different commercial farm fields by using ground spectral measurements and multispectral satellite imagery. To develop the index, controlled experiments with commonly grown wheat varieties were conducted during the 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 growing season in the agricultural area of the northern Negev desert of Israel, The experiments showed that spike ernergence correlated most strongly (r = 0.7, p < 0.05) with spectral changes near the 1.2 mu m water absorption feature in contrast to the band at 1.1 mu m which appeared to be only weakly correlated. Thus, the spike emergence sensitive band at 1.2 mu m has been combined with the insensitive band at 1.1 mu m as reference to form the ratio-based normalized heading index (NHI). Experimental data were then used to establish an index threshold that helps separate data acquired before and after spike emergence. The proposed NHI was able to identify spike emergence with a classification accuracy varying between 53 and 83%. Accuracy was influenced by season, and whether narrow or broad spectral hands were used. Validation of the index in commercial farm fields in Israel and the United States showed that the classification accuracy was similar for ground spectral measurements and the advanced land imager (ALI) satellite imagery. These results suggest that the NHI is Suited for identifying the onset of heading throughout wheat-growing areas without the need for characterizing seasonal trends. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mufradi, Israel; Bonfil, David J.] Agr Res Org, Gilat Res Ctr, Field Crops & Nat Resources Dept, IL-85280 Negev 2, Israel. [Pimstein, Agustin; Karnieli, Arnon] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Remote Sensing Lab, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Eitel, Jan U. H.] Univ Idaho, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Long, Dan S.] USDA ARS, CPCRC, Pendleton, OR 97810 USA. RP Bonfil, DJ (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Gilat Res Ctr, Field Crops & Nat Resources Dept, IL-85280 Negev 2, Israel. EM bonfil@volcani.agri.gov.il FU BARD [IS-3721-05R]; The United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund; Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture; Israeli Ministry of Science, Culture, and Sport FX This research was supported by Research Grant Award No. IS-3721-05R from BARD, The United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund; the Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture, and the Israeli Ministry of Science, Culture, and Sport. The authors thank Silvia Asido from Gilat Research Center for her invaluable help in the field and laboratory. We also thank the Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies and the Israel Ministry of Immigration Absorption for granting a fellowship for the research period. Finally, we thank the staff and students of The Remote Sensing Laboratory at Sede-Boker for their constant help and support. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 11 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.12.009 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425PX UT WOS:000264650700005 ER PT J AU Peinetti, HR Baker, BW Coughenour, MB AF Peinetti, H. Raul Baker, Bruce W. Coughenour, Michael B. TI Simulation modeling to understand how selective foraging by beaver can drive the structure and function of a willow community SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Beaver; Castor canadensis; Community; Ecosystem model; Riparian; Rocky Mountain National Park; Salix; Stability; Willow ID CASTOR CANADENSIS KUHL; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; ARCTIC BEAVERS; POPULATION; HERBIVORY; DYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION; FACILITATION; METABOLISM; CALIFORNIA AB Beaver-willow (Castor-Salix) communities are a unique and vital component of healthy wetlands throughout the Holarctic region. Beaver selectively forage willow to provide fresh food, stored winter food, and construction material. The effects of this complex foraging behavior on the structure and function of willow communities is poorly understood. Simulation modeling may help ecologists understand these complex interactions. In this study, a modified version of the SAVANNA ecosystem model was developed to better understand how beaver foraging affects the structure and function of a willow community in a simulated riparian ecosystem in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado (RMNP). The model represents willow in terms of plant and stem dynamics and beaver foraging in terms of the quantity and quality of stems cut to meet the energetic and life history requirements of beaver. Given a site where all stems were equally available, the model suggested a simulated beaver family of 2 adults, 2 yearlings, and 2 kits required a minimum of 4 ha of willow (containing about 10 stems m(-2)) to persist in a steady-state condition. Beaver created a willow community where the annual net primary productivity (ANPP) was 2 times higher and plant architecture was more diverse than the willow community without beaver. Beaver foraging created a plant architecture dominated by medium size willow plants, which likely explains how beaver can increase ANPP. Long-term simulations suggested that woody biomass stabilized at similar values even though availability differed greatly at initial condition. Simulations also suggested that willow ANPP increased across a range of beaver densities until beaver became food limited. Thus, selective foraging by beaver increased productivity, decreased biomass, and increased structural heterogeneity in a simulated willow community. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Peinetti, H. Raul] Univ Nacl La Pampa, Fac Agron, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. [Peinetti, H. Raul; Coughenour, Michael B.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baker, Bruce W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Peinetti, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Nmsu Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM rpeinett@jornada.nmsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service FX We thank Susan Skagen and Brian Sturtevant for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 7 BP 998 EP 1012 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.009 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 430TP UT WOS:000265011900010 ER PT J AU Kumaran, S Yi, H Krishnan, HB Jez, JM AF Kumaran, Sangaralingam Yi, Hankuil Krishnan, Hari B. Jez, Joseph M. TI Assembly of the Cysteine Synthase Complex and the Regulatory Role of Protein-Protein Interactions SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID O-ACETYLSERINE SULFHYDRYLASE; SERINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SULFUR ASSIMILATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; REACTION-MECHANISM; BIENZYME COMPLEX; THIOL LYASE AB Macromolecular assemblies play critical roles in regulating cellular functions. The cysteine synthase complex (CSC), which is formed by association of serine O-acetyltransferase (SAT) and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS), acts as a sensor and modulator of thiol metabolism by responding to changes in nutrient conditions. Here we examine the oligomerization and energetics of formation of the soybean CSC. Biophysical examination of the CSC by size exclusion chromatography and sedimentation ultracentrifugation indicates that this assembly (complex M(r) similar to 330,000) consists of a single SAT trimer (trimer M(r) similar to 110,000) and three OASS dimers (dimer M(r) similar to 70,000). Analysis of the SAT-OASS interaction by isothermal titration calorimetry reveals negative cooperativity with three distinct binding events during CSC formation with K(d) values of 0.3, 7.5, and 78 nM. The three binding events are also observed using surface plasmon resonance with comparable affinities. The stability of the CSC derives from rapid association and extremely slow dissociation of OASS with SAT and requires the C terminus of SAT for the interaction. Steady-state kinetic analysis shows that CSC formation enhances SAT activity and releases SAT from substrate inhibition and feedback inhibition by cysteine, the final product of the biosynthesis pathway. Cysteine inhibits SAT and the CSC with K(i) values of 2 and 70 mu M, respectively. These results suggest a new model for the architecture of this regulatory complex and additional control mechanisms for biochemically controlling plant cysteine biosynthesis. Based on previous work and our results, we suggest that OASS acts as an enzyme chaperone of SAT in the CSC. C1 [Jez, Joseph M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kumaran, Sangaralingam; Yi, Hankuil; Jez, Joseph M.] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Jez, JM (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM jjez@biology2.wustl.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [NRI-2005-02518] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Grant NRI-2005-02518 (to J. M. J.). NR 43 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 10 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 15 BP 10268 EP 10275 DI 10.1074/jbc.M900154200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 429AJ UT WOS:000264892900068 PM 19213732 ER PT J AU Drechsler, Y Bohls, RL Smith, R Silvy, N Lillehoj, H Collisson, EW AF Drechsler, Yvonne Bohls, Ryan L. Smith, Roger Silvy, Nova Lillehoj, Hyun Collisson, Ellen W. TI An avian, oncogenic retrovirus replicates in vivo in more than 50% of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes from an endangered grouse SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oncogenic retrovirus; T lymphocytes; Infection; Endangered grouse; Attwater's prairie chicken ID INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; LEUKOCYTE SUBSETS; PRAIRIE CHICKENS; VIRAL-RNA; CELLS AB Reoccurring infection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), an avian oncogenic retrovirus, has been a major obstacle in attempts to breed and release an endangered grouse, the Attwater's prairie chicken (Tympanicus cupido attwateri). REV infection of these birds in breeding facilities was found to result in significant decreases in the CD4(+) and increases in the CD8(+) lymphocyte populations, although experimental infection of birds resulted in only increases in the CD8(+) lymphocytes. Because our indirect immunofluorescent assay readily detected infection of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes, a triple labeling flow cytometric procedure was developed to quantify the individual lymphocytes infected in vivo with REV. Lymphocytes were gated with a biotinylated pan-leukocyte marker bound to streptavidin R-PE-Cy5. Chicken CD4 or CD8 specific mouse MAb directly labeled with R-PE identified the phenotype and with permeabilizing of cells, infection was indirectly labeled with rabbit IgG specific for the REV gag polypeptide and FITC conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody. More than 50% of the total lymphocytes and of the total CD4(+) or CD8(+) lymphocytes supported in vivo viral expression in all infected birds examined. Remarkably, this level of infection was detected in the absence of visible clinical signs of illness. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Drechsler, Yvonne; Collisson, Ellen W.] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. [Bohls, Ryan L.; Smith, Roger] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Silvy, Nova] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lillehoj, Hyun] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collisson, EW (reprint author), Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. EM ecollisson@westernu.edu RI Smith III, Roger/C-8685-2013; OI Smith, Roger/0000-0001-5645-8422 FU U.S. Fisheries and Wildlife Services FX We greatly appreciate the support of the U.S. Fisheries and Wildlife Services for the funding this project. Both Refuge Manager Terry A. Rossignol and Wildlife Biologist, Dr. Mike Morrow at the Attwater Prairie Chicken NWR provided needed resources and valuable intellectual contributions to this study. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 10 PY 2009 VL 386 IS 2 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.01.027 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 461YJ UT WOS:000267310200017 PM 19237181 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Sisterson, MS Krugner, R Backus, EA Hunter, WB AF Stenger, Drake C. Sisterson, Mark S. Krugner, Rodrigo Backus, Elaine A. Hunter, Wayne B. TI A new Phytoreovirus infecting the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reoviridae; Phytoreovirus; dsRNA; Complete genome sequence; Phylogeny ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; GALL DWARF VIRUS; COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; TERMINAL SEQUENCES; DSRNA VIRUSES; PLANT VIRUS; GENOME; CICADELLIDAE; REOVIRUS; SEGMENTS AB A new virus species of the genus Phytoreovirus was isolated from glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in California and designated here as Homalodisca vitripennis reovirus (HoVRV). Extraction of nucleic acid from GWSS adults collected from three Californian Populations revealed an array of double-stranded (ds) RNA species that was soluble in 2 M LiCl and resistant to degradation upon exposure to S1 nuclease and DNase. Analysis of nucleic acid samples from single GWSS adults indicated that HoVRV dsRNA accumulated to high titer in individual insects. Double-shelled isometric virus particles purified from GWSS adults resembled those observed in thin sections of GWSS salivary glands by transmission electron microscopy. Purified HoVRV virions contained 12 dsRNA segments that. based oil complete nucleotide sequences, ranged in size from 4475 to 1040 bp. Sequence comparisons indicated that the HoVRV dsRNA segments were most closely related (58.5 to 43.7% nt sequence identity) to the corresponding genome segments of Rice dwarf virus (RDV). Each HoVRV dsRNA segment encoded a single open reading frame (>300 nts) except for segment 11, which appears to be dicistronic. Terminal nucleotide sequences of HoVRV positive-sense RNAs were similar to other phytoreoviruses (GGCG or GGCA at the 5'-end and UGAU or CGAU at the 3'-end) with adjacent imperfect inverted repeats potentially able to base pair. Phylogenetic analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase (encoded by segment I) and the Outer capsid protein (encoded by segment 8) confirmed placement of HoVRV as a species of the genus Phytoreovirus sharing a most recent common ancestor with RDV. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that HoVRV infection of GWSS in California was common and that the Virus also Occurred in GWSS populations from the Carolinas and Texas. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Stenger, Drake C.; Sisterson, Mark S.; Krugner, Rodrigo; Backus, Elaine A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 96348 USA. [Hunter, Wayne B.] US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 96348 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 10 PY 2009 VL 386 IS 2 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.01.037 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 461YJ UT WOS:000267310200026 PM 19239972 ER PT J AU Bekker, MF Clark, JT Jackson, MW AF Bekker, Matthew F. Clark, Jess T. Jackson, Mark W. TI Landscape metrics indicate differences in patterns and dominant controls of ribbon forests in the Rocky Mountains, USA SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ecotone; Feedback; Landscape ecology; Lithology; Microtopography; Remote sensing; Ribbon forest; Treeline; Wind-snow interaction ID MEDICINE-BOW MOUNTAINS; GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; ALPINE-TREELINE; CINNABAR PARK; SNOW REDISTRIBUTION; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; VEGETATION; ECOTONES; WIND; ESTABLISHMENT AB Question: Do landscape metrics reflect differences in dominant factors controlling ribbon forest patterns among sites? Location: West Flattop Mountain, Glacier National Park, Montana ( Flattop); Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming ( Medicine Bow); Park Range, Colorado ( Park Range). Methods: High-resolution aerial photography was used to delineate ribbon forest patches, and to calculate landscape metrics to distinguish between long, narrow, regular patterns expected from strong microtopographic control, and smaller, more compact, and variable patterns expected from wind-snowdrift interactions. Results: All but two metrics were significantly different (P<0.05) among the three sites. The rank and magnitude of differences indicated that ribbons at Flattop and Park Range are more similar to each other than to those at Medicine Bow. Flattop ribbons were also more elongated, narrower and less variable than those at Park Range, suggesting differences in the type and strength of structural control. Previous research showed that Flattop ribbons occupy regular lithologic ridges, while our observations of ribbons and analysis of geologic maps suggests weaker and less consistent microtopographic control at Park Range, and dominant wind-snowdrift interactions with little to no microtopographic influence at Medicine Bow. Conclusions: Landscape metrics indicate differences in pattern among sites that reflect differences in dominant factors influencing ribbon forest development and maintenance. Explanations of ribbon forest dynamics are site-specific and are more complex than is currently recognized. The sites vary in the level of endogenous versus exogenous control of ribbon patterns, and consequently in the sensitivity of this phenomenon to climate. C1 [Bekker, Matthew F.; Jackson, Mark W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geog, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Clark, Jess T.] US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Bekker, MF (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geog, 690 SWKT, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM matthew_bekker@byu.edu; jtclark@fs.fed.us; mj@byu.edu RI Jackson, Mark/D-4182-2013 FU Brigham Young University FX We appreciate constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by a Graduate Mentoring Grant to J. T. Clark from Brigham Young University. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD APR 9 PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2009.01021.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 464DA UT WOS:000267484100010 ER PT J AU Gorski, L Duhe, JM Flaherty, D AF Gorski, Lisa Duhe, Jessica M. Flaherty, Denise TI The Use of Flagella and Motility for Plant Colonization and Fitness by Different Strains of the Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HOST-CELL INVASION; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ROOT COLONIZATION; BIOFILM FORMATION; ALFALFA SPROUTS; ATTACHMENT; VIRULENCE; FOOD AB The role of flagella and motility in the attachment of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to various surfaces is mixed with some systems requiring flagella for an interaction and others needing only motility for cells to get to the surface. In nature this bacterium is a saprophyte and contaminated produce is an avenue for infection. Previous studies have documented the ability of this organism to attach to and colonize plant tissue. Motility mutants were generated in three wild type strains of L. monocytogenes by deleting either flaA, the gene encoding flagellin, or motAB, genes encoding part of the flagellar motor, and tested for both the ability to colonize sprouts and for the fitness of that colonization. The motAB mutants were not affected in the colonization of alfalfa, radish, and broccoli sprouts; however, some of the flaA mutants showed reduced colonization ability. The best colonizing wild type strain was reduced in colonization on all three sprout types as a result of a flaA deletion. A mutant in another background was only affected on alfalfa. The third, a poor alfalfa colonizer was not affected in colonization ability by any of the deletions. Fitness of colonization was measured in experiments of competition between mixtures of mutant and parent strains on sprouts. Here the flaA and motAB mutants of the three strain backgrounds were impaired in fitness of colonization of alfalfa and radish sprouts, and one strain background showed reduced fitness of both mutant types on broccoli sprouts. Together these data indicate a role for flagella for some strains to physically colonize some plants, while the fitness of that colonization is positively affected by motility in almost all cases. RP Gorski, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. EM lisa.gorski@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 9 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR e5142 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005142 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437RZ UT WOS:000265505900011 PM 19357783 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Cleveland, TE Carter-Wientjes, C Shih, BY Bhatnagar, D McLachlan, JM Burow, ME AF Boue, Stephen M. Cleveland, Thomas E. Carter-Wientjes, Carol Shih, Betty Y. Bhatnagar, Deepak McLachlan, John M. Burow, Matthew E. TI Phytoalexin-Enriched Functional Foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Functional; soybean; isoflavone; phytoalexin; phytoanticipin; food ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; GREEN TEA CATECHINS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; SECONDARY METABOLISM; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ANTIESTROGENIC ACTIVITIES; SOYBEAN PHYTOALEXINS; BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS; CANCER PREVENTION; ASIAN-AMERICANS AB Functional foods have been a developing area of food science research for the past decade. Many foods are derived from plants that naturally contain compounds beneficial to human health and can often prevent certain diseases. Plants containing phytochemicals with potent anticancer and antioxidant activities have spurred development of many new functional foods. This has led to the creation of functional foods to target health problems such as obesity and inflammation. More recent research into the use of plant phytoalexins as nutritional components has opened up a new area of food science. Phytoalexins are produced by plants in response to stress, fungal attack, or elicitor treatment and are often antifungal or antibacterial compounds. Although phytoalexins have been investigated for their possible role in plant defense, until recently they have gone unexplored as nutritional components in human foods. These underutilized plant compounds may possess key beneficial properties including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammation activity, cholesterol-lowering ability, and even anticancer activity. For these reasons, phytoalexin-enriched foods would be classified as functional foods. These phytoalexin-enriched functional foods would benefit the consumer by providing "health-enhanced" food choices and would also benefit many underutilized crops that may produce phytoalexins that may not have been considered to be beneficial health-promoting foods. C1 [Boue, Stephen M.; Cleveland, Thomas E.; Carter-Wientjes, Carol; Shih, Betty Y.; Bhatnagar, Deepak] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [McLachlan, John M.] Tulane Univ, Tulane Dept Med, Sect Hematol & Med Oncol, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Boue, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM sboue@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 NR 96 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 8 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 7 BP 2614 EP 2622 DI 10.1021/jf8040403 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 427SX UT WOS:000264800500002 PM 19334749 ER PT J AU Hoh, E Lehotay, SJ Pangallo, KC Mastovska, K Ngo, HL Reddy, CM Vetter, W AF Hoh, Eunha Lehotay, Steven J. Pangallo, Kristin C. Mastovska, Katerina Ngo, Helen L. Reddy, Christopher M. Vetter, Walter TI Simultaneous Quantitation of Multiple Classes of Organohalogen Compounds in Fish Oils with Direct Sample Introduction Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Direct sample introduction; comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; time-of-flight mass spectrometry; persistent organic pollutants; halogenated natural products; dietary supplements; fish oil ID HALOGENATED DIMETHYL BIPYRROLES; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; MARINE MAMMALS; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; HEALTH AB We successfully optimized an analytical method using gel permeation chromatography followed by direct sample introduction comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to quantify multiple groups of targeted persistent organic pollutants and halogenated natural products (HNPs) simultaneously in fish oil samples. This new method has a wider analytical scope than the traditional approach to use multiple methods to cover each class of compounds. Our analysis revealed that the relatively more volatile and lighter organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and other smaller organohalogen compounds, were still present in two brands of "PCB-free" cod liver oils, albeit at much lower levels than in an untreated commercial sample. Moreover, the less volatile organic compounds, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers and brominated HNPs, were detected at similar levels in all three cod liver oils. This suggests that the commercial molecular distillation treatment used for removal of organic/inorganic toxic contaminants is only effective for the lighter organic contaminants. C1 [Hoh, Eunha; Lehotay, Steven J.; Mastovska, Katerina; Ngo, Helen L.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Pangallo, Kristin C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MIT WHOI Joint Program Occanog Appl Ocean Sci & E, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Pangallo, Kristin C.; Reddy, Christopher M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Vetter, Walter] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Food Chem, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Hoh, E (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM ehoh@mail.sdsu.edu; steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 8 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 7 BP 2653 EP 2660 DI 10.1021/jf900462p PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 427SX UT WOS:000264800500007 PM 19265383 ER PT J AU Harry-O'Kuru, RE Mohamed, A AF Harry-O'Kuru, Rogers E. Mohamed, Abdellatif TI Processing Scale-Up of Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) Seed SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Senna obtusifolia; albumins; globulins; glutelins; prolamins; glycoproteins; DSC characterization; carbohydrates; anthraquinones ID CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA AB Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) is an invasive weed species especially of soybean and other field crops in the southeastern United States. The seeds contain a small amount (5-7%) of a highly colored fat as well as various phenolics, proteins, and galactomannans. The color of sicklepod seed oil is such that the presence of a small amount of the weed seed in a soybean crush lowers the quality of the soybean oil. Sicklepod is very prolific, and even volunteer stands yield >1000 lb of seed per acre, and prudence calls for tapping the potential of this weed as an alternative economic crop in the affected region. Pursuant to this, we have shown in laboratory-scale work the feasibility of separating the components of sicklepod seed. However, at kilogram and higher processing quantities, difficulties arise leading to modification of the earlier approach in order to efficiently separate components of the defatted seed meal. In a version for cleanly separating the proteins, the defatted meal was extracted with 0.5 M NaCl solution to remove globular proteins. Prolamins were extracted from the pellet left after salt extraction using 80% ethanol, and glutelins were then obtained in 0.1 N alkali from the residual solids left from ethanol treatment. In a pilot-scale version for water-soluble polysaccharides, the defatted meal was stirred with deionized water (DI) and centrifuged. The pooled centrifugates were heated to 92 degrees C (20-25 min), filtered, cooled to room temperature, and passed through a column of Amberlite XAD-4 to separate the polysaccharides from the anthraquinones. Senna obtusifolia L. is a one-stop-shop of a seed (from food components to medicinals). C1 [Harry-O'Kuru, Rogers E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mohamed, Abdellatif] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'Kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Rogers.HarryOkuru@ars.usda.gov FU ARS CRIS Project [3620-41000-092] FX ARS CRIS Project 3620-41000-092 is hereby acknowledged for financial support of this study. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 8 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 7 BP 2726 EP 2731 DI 10.1021/jf803801a PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 427SX UT WOS:000264800500016 PM 19296574 ER PT J AU Athalye, SK Garcia, RA Wen, ZY AF Athalye, Sneha K. Garcia, Rafael A. Wen, Zhiyou TI Use of Biodiesel-Derived Crude Glycerol for Producing Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) by the Fungus Pythium irregulare SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; crude glycerol; soap; methanol; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); proximate analysis; fatty acids profile; amino acid composition; elemental composition; heavy metal contamination ID RAW GLYCEROL; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; YARROWIA-LIPOLYTICA; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; NITZSCHIA-LAEVIS; CITRIC-ACID; HYDROGENOLYSIS; OIL; FERMENTATION AB Crude glycerol is a major byproduct for the biodiesel industry. Producing value-added products through microbial fermentation on crude glycerol provides opportunities to utilize a large quantity of this byproduct. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of using crude glycerol for producing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) by the fungus Pythium irregulare. When R irregulare was grown in medium containing 30 g/L crude glycerol and 10 g/L yeast extract, EPA yield and productivity reached 90 mg/L and 14.9 mg/L.day, respectively. Adding pure vegetable oils (flaxseed oil and soybean oil) to the culture greatly enhanced the biomass and the EPA production. This enhancement was due to the oil absorption by the fungal cells and elongation of shorter chain fatty acids (e.g., linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) into longer chain fatty acid (e.g., EPA). The major impurities contained in crude glycerol, soap and methanol, were inhibitory to fungal growth. Soap can be precipitated from the liquid medium through pH adjustment, whereas methanol can be evaporated from the medium during autoclaving. The glycerol-derived fungal biomass contained about 15% lipid, 36% protein, and 40% carbohydrate, with 9% ash. In addition to EPA, the fungal biomass was also rich in the essential amino acids lysine, arginine, and leucine, relative to many common feedstuffs. Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma showed that aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sodium, sulfur, and zinc were present in the biomass, whereas no heavy metals (such as mercury and lead) were detected. The results show that it is feasible to use crude glycerol for producing fungal biomass that can serve as EPA-fortified food or feed. C1 [Athalye, Sneha K.; Wen, Zhiyou] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Garcia, Rafael A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wen, ZY (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wenz@vt.edu RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 FU Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS); Fats and Proteins Research Foundation; Virginia Sea Grant FX We gratefully acknowledge the Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, and Virginia Sea Grant for their financial support of this project. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 31 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 8 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 7 BP 2739 EP 2744 DI 10.1021/jf803922w PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 427SX UT WOS:000264800500018 PM 19265450 ER PT J AU Scholdberg, TA Norden, TD Nelson, DD Jenkins, GR AF Scholdberg, Tandace A. Norden, Tim D. Nelson, Daishia D. Jenkins, G. Ronald TI Evaluating Precision and Accuracy When Quantifying Different Endogenous Control Reference Genes in Maize Using Real-Time PCR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endogenous control; maize; quantitative PCR; ADH; SSIIb; zein; IVR; HMG ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED ORGANISMS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; QUANTIFICATION; VALIDATION; FOODS; DNA; IMMUNOASSAY; EXPRESSION; PLANTS AB The agricultural biotechnology industry routinely utilizes real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for the detection of biotechnology-derived traits in plant material, particularly for meeting the requirements of legislative mandates that rely upon the trace detection of DNA. Quantification via real-time RT-qPCR in plant species involves the measurement of the copy number of a taxon-specific, endogenous control gene exposed to the same manipulations as the target gene prior to amplification. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO 21570:2005) specifies that the copy number of an endogenous reference gene be used for normalizing the concentration (expressed as a % w/w) of a trait-specific target gene when using RT-qPCR. For this purpose, the copy number of a constitutively expressed endogenous reference gene in the same sample is routinely monitored. Real-time qPCR was employed to evaluate the predictability and performance of commonly used endogenous control genes (starch synthase, SSIIb-2, SSIIb-3; alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH; high-mobility group, HIVIG; zein; and invertase, IVR) used to detect biotechnology-derived traits in maize. The data revealed relatively accurate and precise amplification efficiencies when isogenic maize was compared to certified reference standards, but highly variable results when 23 nonisogenic maize cultivars were compared to an IRMM Bt-11 reference standard. Identifying the most suitable endogenous control gene, one that amplifies consistently and predictably across different maize cultivars, and implementing this as an internationally recognized standard would contribute toward harmonized testing of biotechnology-derived traits in maize. C1 [Scholdberg, Tandace A.; Norden, Tim D.; Nelson, Daishia D.; Jenkins, G. Ronald] USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Tech Serv Div, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. RP Jenkins, GR (reprint author), USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Tech Serv Div, 10383 N Ambassador Dr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. EM G.Ronald.Jenkins@USDA.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 8 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 7 BP 2903 EP 2911 DI 10.1021/jf803599t PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 427SX UT WOS:000264800500042 PM 19275155 ER PT J AU Sebestyen, SD Boyer, EW Shanley, JB AF Sebestyen, Stephen D. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Shanley, James B. TI Responses of stream nitrate and DOC loadings to hydrological forcing and climate change in an upland forest of the northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NEW-ENGLAND; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TEMPERATE FORESTS; RUNOFF; SNOWMELT; RIVER; TRENDS; WATER; INCREASE AB In coming decades, higher annual temperatures, increased growing season length, and increased dormant season precipitation are expected across the northeastern United States in response to anthropogenic forcing of global climate. We synthesized long-term stream hydrochemical data from the Sleepers River Research Watershed in Vermont, United States, to explore the relationship of catchment wetness to stream nitrate and DOC loadings. We modeled changes in growing season length and precipitation patterns to simulate future climate scenarios and to assess how stream nutrient loadings respond to climate change. Model results for the 2070-2099 time period suggest that stream nutrient loadings during both the dormant and growing seasons will respond to climate change. During a warmer climate, growing season stream fluxes (runoff+20%, nitrate+57%, and DOC+58%) increase as more precipitation (+28%) and quick flow (+39%) occur during a longer growing season (+43 days). During the dormant season, stream water and nutrient loadings decrease. Net annual stream runoff (+8%) and DOC loading (+9%) increases are commensurate with the magnitude of the average increase of net annual precipitation (+7%). Net annual stream water and DOC loadings are primarily affected by increased dormant season precipitation. In contrast, decreased annual loading of stream nitrate (-2%) reflects a larger effect of growing season controls on stream nitrate and the effects of lengthened growing seasons in a warmer climate. Our findings suggest that leaching of nitrate and DOC from catchment soils will be affected by anthropogenic climate forcing, thereby affecting the timing and magnitude of annual stream loadings in the northeastern United States. C1 [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. RP Sebestyen, SD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM ssebestyen@fs.fed.us; ewb100@psu.edu; jshanley@usgs.gov RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013 OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108 FU STAR Research Assistance Agreement [U-916154]; Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union; Edna Bailey Sussman Fund; USDA-CSREES Program award; USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets program FX This research was funded by a STAR Research Assistance Agreement (U-916154) awarded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; the Horton Research Grant of the Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union; an Edna Bailey Sussman Fund grant; an USDA-CSREES Program award; and the USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets program. We appreciate field, laboratory, and logistical help from G. R. Aiken, B. L. Bedford, R. D. Briggs, M. G. Brown, A. Chalmers, S. F. Clark, J. Denner, D. H. Doctor, R. Germain, C. Kendall, K. Kendall, P. J. McHale, and M. J. Mitchell. We would like to thank T. G. Huntington, D. M. McKnight, C. C. Rhoades, F. Worrall, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on draft manuscripts. Archived W-9 streamflow data for the 1960s were obtained from http://hydrolab.arsusda.gov/wdc/vt.htm. This article has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 71 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 7 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G02002 DI 10.1029/2008JG000778 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 431ZC UT WOS:000265102300001 ER PT J AU Skory, CD Mertens, JA Rich, JO AF Skory, Christopher D. Mertens, Jeffrey A. Rich, Joseph O. TI Inhibition of Rhizopus lactate dehydrogenase by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizopus oryzae; Lactate dehydrogenase; Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; FUMARIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; BACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; PHYCOMYCES-BLAKESLEEANUS; PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE; ALLOSTERIC ACTIVATION; ORYZAE; PURIFICATION; GLUCOSE; GENES AB The closely related fungi Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus delemar are often used for the production of lactic and fumaric acid, respectively. These organisms differ primarily by their ability to regenerate NAD through alternative fermentative routes. R. oryzae contains an NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, RO-LdhA, that is primarily responsible for production of lactic acid, while both organisms contain another enzyme. LdhB that is thought to be involved in lactic acid production only under certain growth conditions. We have characterized LdhB from both R. oryzae and R. delemar, respectively referred to as RO-LdhB and RD-LdhB in this study. and have determined that RO-LdhB is significantly more effective than RD-LdhB with regard to k(cat)/K(m) with reductive LDH activity. Only negligible oxidative LDH activity could be measured with both enzymes: however, the presence of an amino terminal fusion with a small ubiquitin-related modifier, SUMO, increased the oxidative activity per mu mol protein by more than 100-fold. while having little effect on the reductive LDH activity. We also determined that RO-LdhA, RO-LdhB, and RD-LdhB were all significantly inhibited in a non-competitive manner by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) with K(i) values of 1.2, 3.2, and 28.8 mM. Intracellular concentrations of FBP were tested with fermentative conditions to demonstrate that this metabolic intermediate does accumulate to levels that would likely cause inhibition of the R. oryzae LDH. Possible reasons for the significant K(i) differences between the nearly identical LdhB proteins are discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Skory, Christopher D.; Rich, Joseph O.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mertens, Jeffrey A.] USDA ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Skory, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Chris.Skory@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD APR 6 PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.10.009 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 412YE UT WOS:000263759300010 ER PT J AU Phillips, R Beeri, O Scholljegerdes, E Bjergaard, D Hendrickson, J AF Phillips, Rebecca Beeri, Ofer Scholljegerdes, Eric Bjergaard, David Hendrickson, John TI Integration of geospatial and cattle nutrition information to estimate paddock grazing capacity in Northern US prairie SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Landsat thematic mapper; Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer ASTER; Livestock; Grassland; Remote sensing; Grazing capacity ID VEGETATION; RANGELANDS; IMAGERY; COVER; INDEX; TIME; TM AB Spatiotemporal variability in forage quantity and quality requires that regular assessment is needed of the capacity for grasslands to Support livestock nutritional requirements. Current methods for estimating grazing capacity are typically production-based and lack the forage quality data necessary to match nutrients in forage with livestock requirements in real time. This paper describes a method for estimating short-term grazing capacity for small (1-20 ha) paddocks using cattle nutrition and high spatial resolution forage data in Geographic Information Systems (GIs) for mixed-grass prairie. We define grazing capacity as the number of days a specific paddock will support the nutritional requirements of beef cattle. We integrate previously published methods for estimating cattle nutritional requirements, forage quality (crude protein) and forage quantity (phytomass) to estimate grazing capacity based on current standing-crop. The model utilizes high-resolution (<30-m) satellite imagery or field data to estimate short-term grazing capacity for small paddocks. Three versions of the model were evaluated on one paddock under cattle use in 2007. One version was parameterized using data collected on June 22 from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), one version was parameterized using data collected June 23 from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), and one version was parameterized using data collected June 20 from field clippings. TM and ASTER versions underestimated grazing capacity by four days while the field version overestimated grazing capacity by one day. Results suggest integration of cattle nutrition and forage data in GIS could assist with stocking rate adjustments, but additional trials are needed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Phillips, Rebecca; Scholljegerdes, Eric; Hendrickson, John] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Beeri, Ofer] Univ N Dakota, Space Studies Dept, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Bjergaard, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Phillips, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Highway 6 S,POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM rebecca.phillips@ars.usda.gov RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 FU USDA [5445-21310-001-000, 58-5445-3-314] FX This work was supported by the USDA Rangeland and Livestock Resource Management Program 5445-21310-001-000 and by Cooperative Agreement 58-5445-3-314. The authors gratefully acknowledge technical support provided by Scott Bylin, Gordon Jensen, Clay Erickson, and Faye Kroh, and Bruce Smith, Dean of the John D. Cidegard School of Aerospace Sciences at the University of North Dakota. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD APR PY 2009 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2009.01.002 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 442ED UT WOS:000265821900008 ER PT J AU Williams, RD Bartholomew, PW AF Williams, R. D. Bartholomew, P. W. TI Effects of accelerated aging and p-coumaric acid on crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) seed germination SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Allelochemical; accelerated seed aging; germination inhibition; 4-hydroxycinnamic acid; seed age; seed germination ID TESTS AB Several phenolic acids, including p-coumaric acid, have been described as allelochemicals that may inhibit seed germination or seedling growth. Whether these effects are exacerbated in forage species by environmental stressors is unknown. Accelerated seed aging [high temperature (41 degrees C) and high humidity (100%)] reduces germination and seedling vigour and provides some indication of seed germination and seedling performance under stress conditions (e.g. temperature and water stress). Thus, accelerated aging provides a means to determine how seed "age'! might affect germination or seedling vigor in response to a stressor. Here we compare responses of aged and non-aged seed of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) to p-coumaric acid at 10(-5) and 10(-3) M concentrations. Accelerated aging delayed and reduced crimson clover seed germination. The mean germination for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h aging treatment was 93%, 73%, 40%, and 15% respectively, and by 96 h most of the germination had occurred. Un-aged seed germination appeared to be slightly stimulated by 10(-3) M p-coumaric acid concentration, while, the 10(-5) M p-coumaric acid concentration reduced the seed germination. When accelerated aging was combined with the p-coumaric acid treatments, there were significant differences as to accelerated aging by p-coumaric acid treatment interactions. Accelerated aging for 24 h followed by p-coumaric acid further reduced the germination. At 48 h accelerated aging, there was no significant difference as to p-coumaric acid, probably due to the overwhelming effect of accelerated aging. These results showed that accelerated aging, as a proxy for increased physiological age, could make seed more susceptible to an allelochemical at concentration levels generally found in the soil. C1 [Williams, R. D.; Bartholomew, P. W.] Langston Univ, USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Williams, RD (reprint author), Langston Univ, USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM Robert.Williams@ars.usda.gov; rdw4228@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 431AH UT WOS:000265033200003 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE AF Hoagland, Robert E. TI Toxicity of tomatine and tomatidine on weeds, crops and phytopathogens fungi SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Allelochemicals; bioassay; bioherbicide; electrolyte leakage; natural product; phytoxicity; saponin; tomatine; tomatidine; weeds ID JIMSONWEED DATURA-STRAMONIUM; SAPONIN-DETOXIFYING ENZYME; ALPHA-TOMATINE; CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; SEPTORIA LYCOPERSICI; ALTERNARIA-CASSIAE; PLANT; DEFENSE; DETOXIFICATION; MYCOHERBICIDE AB alpha-Tomatine was not highly phytotoxic and slightly inhibited the stem elongation (7 to 13%) when applied as a spray to etiolated 4-day-old seedlings of sesbania [Sesbania exaltala (Raf.) Rybd], sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.), mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sorghum (Sorghum 1,valgare L.). Tomatidine had less effect on stem elongation than tomatine and reduced the elongation (5 to 10%). Tomatine was more effective than tomatidine ill reducing chlorophyll content in excised etiolated tissues of hemp sesbania, sicklepod. mungbean, wheat and sorghum. Inhibition of chlorophyll accumulation by tomatine ranged from 16 to 89% of control values, whereas inhibition by tomatidine ranged from 0 to 30% of control in these species. Both tomatine and tomatidine increased electrolyte leakage of corn (Zea mays L.), kudzu [Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi], palmleaf morningglory (Ipomea wrightii Gray) and wild senna (Cassia marilandica L.) leaf disks at 24 to 72 11 after exposure to the compounds (0.5 mM) and light (100 mu E m(2) s(-1). Tomatidine caused greater electrolyte leakage than tomatine in tissues of these species. When incorporated into growth media (agar) at 0.3 mM, tomatine and tomatidine inhibited the growth of three fungal bioherbicidal phytopathogens. Alternaria cassiae (weed host = sicklepod), the most sensitive pathogen was inhibited 70% by both compounds. Tomatine inhibited Colletotrichum truncatum (weed host = hemp sesbania) and Fusarium subglutinans (produces fumonisin, phytotoxic to many plants) growth by 63% and 50%, respectively; while tomatidine inhibited the growth of these latter two pathogens by 50% and 15%, respectively. These natural plant products were shown to have a broad range phytotoxicity and fungitoxicity which may be important in plant defense mechanisms. C1 ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bob.hoagland@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 425 EP 435 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 431AH UT WOS:000265033200018 ER PT J AU Bowling, AJ Vaughn, KC AF Bowling, Andrew J. Vaughn, Kevin C. TI GELATINOUS FIBERS ARE WIDESPREAD IN COILING TENDRILS AND TWINING VINES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE gelatinous (G) fibers; immunocytochemistry; tendrils; vines ID TENSION WOOD; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; R BR; ARABIDOPSIS; ANATOMY; FIBRES; CELLS; STEMS; LAYER; L. AB Although the coiling of tendrils and the twining of vines has been investigated since Darwin's time, a full understanding of the mechanism(s) of this coiling and twining ability has not yet been obtained. In a previous study (Planta 225: 485-498), gelatinous (G) fibers in tendrils of redvine occurred concomitantly with the ability to coil, strongly indicating their role in the coiling process. In this Study, tendrils and twining vines of a number of species were examined using microscopic and immunocytochemical techniques to determine if a similar presence and distribution of these fibers exists in other plant species. Tendrils that coiled in many different directions had a cylinder of cortical G fibers, similar to redvine. However, tendrils that coiled only in a single direction had gelatinous fibers only along the inner Surface of the coil. In tendrils with adhesive tips, the gelatinous fibers occurred in the central/core region of the tendril. Coiling occurred later in development in these tendrils, after the adhesive pad had attached. In twining stems, G fibers were not observed during the rapid circumnutation stage, but were found at later stages when the vine's position was fixed, generally one or two nodes below the node still circumnutating. The number and extent of fiber development correlated roughly with the amount of torsion required for the vine to ascend a support. In contrast, species that use adventitious roots for climbing or were trailing/scrambling-type vines did not have G fibers. These data strongly support the concept that coiling and twining in vines is caused by the presence of G fibers. C1 [Bowling, Andrew J.; Vaughn, Kevin C.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Kevin.Vaughn@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [DBI0421683, RCN-0090281] FX Thanks are extended to B. Maxwell for technical assistance with the SEM and the growing and collection of numerous vine species and to scientists in the SWSRU and other ARS locations for constructive criticism on these studies, and Suggestions/contributions of plant material. Two anonymous reviewers' criticisms and ideas greatly improved the text. A.B. was Supported by a headquarters-funded Research Associate position to K.C.V. The authors thank former National Program Leader, E. Delfosse, for his enthusiastic support of this research endeavor. R. Ligrone generously supplied us with a copy of the Borzi paper that was the original paper reporting fibers in tendrils of vines. Production of the CCRC series of polysaccharide monoclonal antibodies was provided by NSF grants DBI0421683 and RCN-0090281. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA. NR 34 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 25 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 2009 VL 96 IS 4 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800373 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 432YT UT WOS:000265171000001 PM 21628227 ER PT J AU Yan, L Spitznagel, EL AF Yan, Lin Spitznagel, Edward L. TI Soy consumption and prostate cancer risk in men: a revisit of a meta-analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LOBUND-WISTAR RATS; JAPANESE MEN; ISOFLAVONE CONSUMPTION; IN-VITRO; DIET; GENISTEIN; PROTEIN; PHYTOESTROGENS; INHIBIT; TUMORS AB Background: Epidemiologic studies have shown that the consumption of soy foods may be associated with a reduction in cancer risk in humans. Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a metaanalysis on the association between soy consumption and prostate cancer risk in men. Design: We systematically reviewed studies obtained through a thorough Medline literature search and identified 15 epidemiologic publications on soy consumption and 9 on isoflavones in association with prostate cancer risk. We extracted the most adjusted relative risks (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) of the highest and the lowest reported categories of intake from each study and conducted this analysis using a random-effects model in which studies with smaller SEEs are given greater weight in the summary measure. Results: Our analysis of studies on soy intake yielded a combined RR/OR of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.89; P = 0.01). When separately analyzed, studies on nonfermented soy foods yielded a combined RR/OR of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.88; P = 0.01) and those on fermented soy foods yielded a combined RR/OR of 1.02 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.42; P = 0.92). The analysis of studies on isoflavones yielded a combined RR/OR of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.02; P = 0.09). Further separate analyses showed a combined RR/OR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.81; P = 0.01) from studies with Asian populations and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.16; P = 0.91) from studies with Western populations. Conclusions: The results of this analysis suggest that consumption of soy foods is associated with a reduction in prostate cancer risk in men. This protection may be associated with the type and quantity of soy foods consumed. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1155-63. C1 [Yan, Lin] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Spitznagel, Edward L.] Washington Univ, Dept Math, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lin.yan@ars.usda.gov OI yan, lin/0000-0003-3646-6374 FU USDA/ARS [5450-51000-032-00D] FX Supported by USDA/ARS research project 5450-51000-032-00D. NR 53 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1155 EP 1163 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27029 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420WF UT WOS:000264319200023 PM 19211820 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Jugdaohsingh, R Powell, JJ Qiao, N Hannan, MT Sripanyakorn, S Cupples, LA Kiel, DP AF Tucker, Katherine L. Jugdaohsingh, Ravin Powell, Jonathan J. Qiao, Ning Hannan, Marian T. Sripanyakorn, Supannee Cupples, L. Adrienne Kiel, Douglas P. TI Effects of beer, wine, and liquor intakes on bone mineral density in older men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY SILICON INTAKE; MODERATE ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HEART-DISEASE; ELDERLY-WOMEN; HEALTH; RISK; RESVERATROL; METABOLISM AB Background: Moderate intake of alcohol has been reported to have beneficial effects on bone. However, different classes of alcoholic beverages have not been investigated. Objective: Our aim was to determine the association between intake of total alcohol or individual alcoholic beverages and bone mineral density (BMD). Design: Adjusting for potential confounding factors, we examined alcohol intakes and BMD at 3 hip sites and the lumbar spine in 1182 men and in 1289 postmenopausal and 248 premenopausal women in the population-based Framingham Offspring cohort (age: 29-86 y). Results: Men were predominantly beer drinkers, and women were predominantly wine drinkers. Compared with nondrinkers, hip BMD was greater (3.4-4.5%) in men consuming 1-2 drinks/d of total alcohol or beer, whereas hip and spine BMD were significantly greater (5.0-8.3%) in postmenopausal women consuming >2 drinks/d of total alcohol or wine. Intake of >2 drinks/d of liquor in men was associated with significantly lower (3.0-5.2%) hip and spine BMD than was intake of 1-2 drinks/d of liquor in men. After adjustment for silicon intake, all intergroup differences for beer were no longer significant; differences for other alcohol sources remained significant. Power was low for premenopausal women, and the associations were not significant. Conclusions: Moderate consumption of alcohol may be beneficial to bone in men and postmenopausal women. However, in men, high liquor intakes (> 2 drinks/d) were associated with significantly lower BMD. The tendency toward stronger associations between BMD and beer or wine, relative to liquor, suggests that constituents other than ethanol may contribute to bone health. Silicon appears to mediate the association of beer, but not that of wine or liquor, with BMD. Other components need further investigation. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1188- C1 [Tucker, Katherine L.; Qiao, Ning] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jugdaohsingh, Ravin; Powell, Jonathan J.] MRC Human Nutr Res, Elsie Widdowson Lab, Cambridge, England. [Jugdaohsingh, Ravin] St Thomas Hosp, Rayne Inst, Gastrointestinal Lab, London SE1 7EH, England. [Hannan, Marian T.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Hannan, Marian T.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. [Sripanyakorn, Supannee] Loei Rajabhat Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, A Maung, Loei, Thailand. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU USDA [53-3K06-5-10]; NIH [R01 AR/AG 41398]; NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-25195]; Charitable Foundation of the Institute of Brewing and Distilling (United Kingdom); The Frances and Augustus Newman Foundation; Institute of Brewing and Distilling FX Supported by the USDA (contract 53-3K06-5-10), the NIH (grant R01 AR/AG 41398) and the NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (contract N01-HC-25195). The Charitable Foundation of the Institute of Brewing and Distilling (United Kingdom) provided some funds to the Gastrointestinal Laboratory at The Rayne Institute. SS was sponsored by a studentship from the Government of Thailand and RJ by a Fellowship from The Frances and Augustus Newman Foundation. RJ and JJP have an active grant from the charitable foundation of the Institute of Brewing and Distilling. NR 34 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1188 EP 1196 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26765 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420WF UT WOS:000264319200027 PM 19244365 ER PT J AU Gao, X Scott, T Falcon, LM Wilde, PE Tucker, KL AF Gao, Xiang Scott, Tammy Falcon, Luis M. Wilde, Parke E. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Food insecurity and cognitive function in Puerto Rican adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HISPANIC WHITE ELDERS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; UNITED-STATES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PUBLIC-ASSISTANCE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; SECURITY; HOMOCYSTEINE; PREVALENCE; PLASMA AB Background: Food insecurity is associated with nutrient inadequacy and a variety of unfavorable health outcomes. However, little is known about whether food security is associated with lower cognitive function in the elderly. Objective: We investigated the prevalence of food insecurity in a representative sample of 1358 Puerto Ricans aged 45-75 y living in Massachusetts in relation to cognitive function performances. Design: Food security was assessed with the US Household Food Security Scale. Cognitive function was measured to capture general cognition with a battery of 7 tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), word list learning (verbal memory), digit span (attention), clock drawing and figure copying (visual-spatial ability), and Stroop and verbal fluency tests (fluency executive functioning). Results: The overall prevalence of food insecurity during the past 12 mo was 12.1%; 6.1% of the subjects reported very low food security. Food insecurity was inversely associated with global cognitive performance, as assessed by the MMSE score. The adjusted difference in the MMSE score was -0.90 (95% CI: -1.6, -0.19; P for trend 0.003) for a comparison of participants with very low food security with those who were food secure, after adjustment for age, smoking, education, poverty status, income, acculturation, plasma homocysteine, alcohol, diabetes, and hypertension. Food insecurity was significantly associated with lower scores for word-list learning, percentage retention, letter fluency, and digit span backward tests. Conclusions: Very low food security was prevalent among the study subjects and was associated with lower cognitive performance. Further studies, both observational and experimental, are warranted to clarify the direction of causality in this association. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1197 -203. C1 [Gao, Xiang] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gao, Xiang] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Scott, Tammy] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA. [Falcon, Luis M.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Scott, Tammy; Wilde, Parke E.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Gao, X (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM xiang.gao@channing.harvard.edu; katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Falcon, Luis/C-1237-2009; OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA [P01AG023394, R01AG02708]; US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [581950-7-707] FX Supported by NIA grant P01AG023394, NIA grant R01AG02708, and US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service contract 581950-7-707. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1197 EP 1203 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26941 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420WF UT WOS:000264319200028 PM 19225117 ER PT J AU Paulino, G de la Serre, CB Knotts, TA Oort, PJ Newman, JW Adams, SH Raybould, HE AF Paulino, Gabriel de la Serre, Claire Barbier Knotts, Trina A. Oort, Pieter J. Newman, John W. Adams, Sean H. Raybould, Helen E. TI Increased expression of receptors for orexigenic factors in nodose ganglion of diet-induced obese rats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE cholecystokinin; diet-induced obesity; ghrelin ID HIGH-FAT DIET; FOOD-INTAKE; GHRELIN RECEPTORS; VAGAL NERVE; MICE; GUT; CHOLECYSTOKININ; HYPERPHAGIA; ADAPTATION; SATIATION AB Paulino G, Barbier de la Serre C, Knotts TA, Oort PJ, Newman JW, Adams SH, Raybould HE. Increased expression of receptors for orexigenic factors in nodose ganglion of diet-induced obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296: E898-E903, 2009. First published February 3, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90796.2008.-The vagal afferent pathway is important in short-term regulation of food intake, and decreased activation of this neural pathway with long-term ingestion of a high-fat diet may contribute to hyperphagic weight gain. We tested the hypothesis that expression of genes encoding receptors for orexigenic factors in vagal afferent neurons are increased by long-term ingestion of a high-fat diet, thus supporting orexigenic signals from the gut. Obesity-prone (DIO-P) rats fed a high-fat diet showed increased body weight and hyperleptinemia compared with low-fat diet-fed controls and high-fat diet-induced obesity-resistant (DIO-R) rats. Expression of the type I cannabinoid receptor and growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a in the nodose ganglia was increased in DIO-P compared with low-fat diet-fed controls or DIO-R rats. Shifts in the balance between orexigenic and anorexigenic signals within the vagal afferent pathway may influence food intake and body weight gain induced by high fat diets. C1 [Raybould, Helen E.] Univ Calif Davis, Vet Med APC, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Knotts, Trina A.; Oort, Pieter J.; Newman, John W.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Raybould, HE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Vet Med APC, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, 1321 Haring Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM heraybould@ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK-41004]; U. S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS); Intramural Current Research Information System [5306-51530-016-00D] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant DK-41004 (to H. E. Raybould), U. S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Intramural Current Research Information System Grant 5306-51530-016-00D (to S. H. Adams and J.W. Newman), and a USDA/ARS Postdoctoral Fellowship (to T. A. Knotts). NR 25 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 2009 VL 296 IS 4 BP E898 EP E903 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.90796.2008 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 423SB UT WOS:000264514900037 PM 19190260 ER PT J AU Griffin, TS Larkin, RP Honeycutt, CW AF Griffin, Timothy S. Larkin, Robert P. Honeycutt, C. W. TI Delayed Tillage and Cover Crop Effects in Potato Systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; ATLANTIC CANADA; MINIMUM TILLAGE; WEED-CONTROL; ROTATION; PRODUCTIVITY; LEGUME; PARAMETERS; FERTILIZER; DYNAMICS AB Delayed tillage and the inclusion of cover crops can substantially reduce erosion in intensively tilled potato systems. Both of these practices can potentially impact potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and quality via changes in soil temperature and soil water status, and suppression or enhancement of soil-borne diseases. Research was conducted over six rotation cycles at two Maine locations to evaluate the effects of timing of primary tillage (fall vs. spring) and cover crop [none, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), or winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)] on grain yield, ground cover, and tuber yield and quality within the context of 2-year barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)]-potato rotations. Delaying primary tillage until spring, immediately before planting potato, resulted in higher soil water content early in the growing season (before or immediately after planting) in some rotation cycles, and also provided nearly complete ground cover during potentially erosive periods in fall and early spring. The inclusion of clover or ryegrass cover crops had small, positive effects on the proportion of the soil surface covered by crop residue (determined by the line intercept method) in both tillage systems. A significant tillage effect on total tuber yield was seen in only one rotation cycle, when delaying tillage until spring reduced yield by about 12%. Cover crop treatments had no effect on total tuber yield, and neither tillage or cover crop affected the proportion of marketable tubers. Tillage did not affect black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) and common scab [Streptomyces scabiei (Thaxter) Lambert & Loria], which were significantly reduced by red clover in some rotation cycles. This research shows that conservation practices can be implemented, including delaying primary tillage until spring and including underseeded cover crops during the grain phase of the rotation, while maintaining potato yield. C1 [Griffin, Timothy S.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Larkin, Robert P.; Honeycutt, C. W.] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Griffin, TS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM timothy.griffin@tufts.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9050-2 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 424XZ UT WOS:000264602900001 ER PT J AU Navarre, DA Shakya, R Holden, J Crosslin, JM AF Navarre, Duroy A. Shakya, Roshani Holden, Joanne Crosslin, James M. TI LC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Tubers Showing Zebra Chip Symptoms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Browning; Salicylic acid; Tyrosine; Phenolics; Chlorogenic acid ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; POTATOES SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; TOBACCO RATTLE VIRUS; SALICYLIC-ACID; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; PLANTS; PCR; RESISTANCE AB A new potato disorder called Zebra Chip (ZC) has been identified in the United States and has been especially problematic in Texas, where substantial economic losses have been incurred. Upon frying, ZC tubers develop a dark "zebra" pattern of discoloration. LC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts from symptomatic tubers revealed major alterations in aromatic amino acids and phenolic compounds. Tyrosine concentrations increased over 8-fold in some symptomatic tubers, reaching up to 3 mg/g DW; This increase may be a major component of the browning of ZC tubers. No marked differences in chlorogenic acid concentrations were found, but differences in other caffeoyl derivatives, including caffeoylpolyamines, were observed. Salicylic acid, a key regulator of plant defenses, was present at very high concentrations in ZC tubers, which is consistent with what would be expected from tubers mounting a defense response to a pathogen. ZC tubers may be a useful model to study how certain plant-microbe/pest or plant-environment interactions affect tuber physiology. C1 [Navarre, Duroy A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Navarre, Duroy A.; Holden, Joanne; Crosslin, James M.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Shakya, Roshani] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Navarre, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM roy.navarre@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9060-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 424XZ UT WOS:000264602900002 ER PT J AU Schisler, DA Slininger, PJ Miller, JS Woodell, LK Clayson, S Olsen, N AF Schisler, David A. Slininger, Patricia J. Miller, Jeff S. Woodell, Lynn K. Clayson, Shane Olsen, Nora TI Bacterial Antagonists, Zoospore Inoculum Retention Time and Potato Cultivar Influence Pink Rot Disease Development SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora erythroseptica; Biological control; Bioassay ID FUSARIUM DRY ROT; 4 PEA CULTIVARS; PHYTOPHTHORA-ERYTHROSEPTICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; CONTROL AGENTS; LATE BLIGHT; RESISTANCE; STORAGE; GERMINATION AB Zoospores or germinating encysted zoospores of the pathogen Phytophthora erythroseptica can cause new infections via tuber eyes, lenticels and cracks and cuts that result from tuber harvesting operations; infection courts that theoretically could be protected using microbial antagonists. Ten microbial antagonists that reduce Fusarium dry rot, late blight and/or sprouting in storage were assayed for efficacy against pink rot on tubers of cultivars Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Antagonist strains were grown in a semidefined liquid medium at 25A degrees C for 48 h, diluted to a concentration of approximately 3 x 10(8) cfu/ml, individually combined with zoospores of P. erythroseptica, and the mixed microbial suspension was used to inoculate shallow puncture wounds on tubers. Data from full factorial experimental designs with ten levels of antagonist, two levels of cultivar, and two levels of inoculum age after inducing zoospore liberation from sporangia indicated that all factors influenced the size of pink rot lesions that developed internally around wound sites (P a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.05). In two different sets of experiments, Enterobacter cloacae strain S11:T:07 reduced lesion size more than the other antagonists (19% and 32% reduction versus the control) though Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. V S11:P:14, Pseudomonas sp. S22:T:04, and Enterobacter sp S11:P:08 also significantly reduced disease. Lesion size was greater on Russet Norkotah than Russet Burbank tubers (42.3 and 26.5 mm, respectively), but cultivar did not influence antagonist performance. Significantly, zoospore inoculum of the pathogen incited smaller lesions in the early stages of individual bioassays than occurred later in bioassays when most zoospores had encysted. The implications of inoculum potential changing over the course of conducting bioassay experiments on pink rot are discussed. C1 [Schisler, David A.; Slininger, Patricia J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Miller, Jeff S.] Miller Res LLC, Rupert, ID 83350 USA. [Woodell, Lynn K.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Soils & Entomol Sci, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Clayson, Shane] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Soils & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Olsen, Nora] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soils & Entomol Sci, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Schisler@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9066-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 424XZ UT WOS:000264602900004 ER PT J AU Cullen, KW Watson, KB AF Cullen, Karen W. Watson, Kathleen B. TI The Impact of the Texas Public School Nutrition Policy on Student Food Selection and Sales in Texas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREFERENCES; EXPOSURE; FRUIT; CONSUMPTION; PREVALENCE; ACCEPTANCE; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; LUNCH AB Objectives. We assessed the statewide impact of the 2004 Texas Public School Nutrition Policy on foods and beverages served or sold in schools. Methods. We collected lunch food production records from 47 schools in 11 Texas school districts for the school years before (2003-2004) and after (20042005) policy implementation. Cafeteria servings of fruit, vegetables (regular and fried), and milk served each day were calculated. Twenty-three schools from 5 districts provided records of 6 la carte sales of candy, chips, desserts, drinks, ice cream, and water. We examined aggregated school-level differences in total items served or sold per day per student between study years. Results. School demographics were similar to state data. Regardless of district and school size, cafeterias served significantly fewer high-fat vegetable items pet student postpolicy (P<.001). Postpolicy snack bar sales of large bags of chips were significantly reduced (P=.006), and baked chips sales significantly increased (P=.048). Conclusions. School food policy changes have improved foods served or sold to students. It is not known whether improved lunch choices influence consumption for the whole day. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:706-712. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.129387) C1 [Cullen, Karen W.; Watson, Kathleen B.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cullen, KW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kcullen@bcm.tmc.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; USDA/ARS [58-62506001] FX This project was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. It was also funded in part by federal funds from the USDA/ARS (cooperative agreement 58-62506001). NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 706 EP 712 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.129387 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423RA UT WOS:000264512200023 PM 19150914 ER PT J AU Green, BT Pfister, JA Cook, D Welch, KD Stegelmeier, BL Lee, ST Gardner, DR Knoppel, EL Panter, KE AF Green, Benedict T. Pfister, James A. Cook, Daniel Welch, Kevin D. Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Lee, Stephen T. Gardner, Dale R. Knoppel, Edward L. Panter, Kip E. TI Effects of larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) on heart rate and electrically evoked electromyographic response of the external anal sphincter in cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2008 Annual Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; BUNGAROTOXIN BINDING-SITES; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; METHYLLYCACONITINE; TOXICITY; PHYSOSTIGMINE; POTENT; SPP. AB Objective-To determine whether larkspur-derived N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type alkaloids alter heart rate and electrically evoked electromyographic (eEMG) response of the external anal sphincter (EAS) in cattle and whether these effects can be reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Animals-12 beef heifers and 4 cows. Procedures-3 or 4 heifers were used in 1 or 2 of 7 dose-response experiments; heart rate and EAS eEMG response were assessed before and 24 hours after oral treatment with larkspur (doses equivalent to 0.5 to 15 mg of MSAL-type alkaloids/kg). In 3 subsequent experiments, 3 heifers (1 of which was replaced with another heifer in the control experiment) each received 10 mg of MSAL-type alkaloids/kg and were injected IV with physostigmine (0.04 mg/kg), neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution 24 hours later, prior to assessment. Additionally, EAS eEMG response was measured in 4 cows before and after epidural administration of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride. Results-Larkspur-treated heifers developed dose-related increases in heart rate and decreases in EAS eEMG response. Twenty-four hours after administration of MSAL-type alkaloids, neostigmine decreased heart rate but did not affect eEMG response, whereas physostigmine did not affect heart rate but caused a 2-fold increase in eEMG response. In cows, epidural anesthesia did not alter eEMG response, suggesting that transdermal stimulation of the EAS pudendal innervation did not occur. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-in cattle, cardiac effects and muscle weakness or loss of EAS eEMG response induced by larkspur-derived MSAL-type alkaloids were reversed by neostigmine or physostigmine, respectively. Treatment with anticholinesterase inhibitors may alter the clinical effects of larkspur poisoning in cattle. (Am J Vet Res 2009;70:539-546) C1 [Green, Benedict T.; Pfister, James A.; Cook, Daniel; Welch, Kevin D.; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.; Lee, Stephen T.; Gardner, Dale R.; Knoppel, Edward L.; Panter, Kip E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Green, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 70 IS 4 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.2460/ajvr.70.4.539 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 427ZT UT WOS:000264818300015 PM 19335112 ER PT J AU Horning, ME Webster, MS AF Horning, Matthew E. Webster, Michael S. TI Conservation Genetics of Remnant Lilium philadelphicum Populations in the Midwestern United States SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PLANT CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; URBAN LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; RARE; CONSEQUENCES AB In recent decades, an increasing number of plant species have been negatively affected by anthropogenic habitat fragmemation and disturbance. In many cases, the habitat matrix between populations has been converted front a natural to an urban environment. One such species, Lilium philadelphicum (Liliaceae) a showy perennial with a naturally patchy distribution, currently has populations in parts of its range in North America that persist on highly urbanized and fragmented landscapes. In this study, we used six nuclear microsatellite loci to characterize the amount and apportionment of genetic diversity among 12 remnant populations in the Midwest United States. Genetic diversity was high (7-31 alleles per locus, mean H(0) = 0.44-0.70). An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected a low level of genetic structure (F(ST) = 0.06, P < 0.001), and no effect of isolation by distance among sites (r(2) = 0.02, P = 0.28). Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) of inter-individual genetic distances revealed essentially no structuring with PC axes one and two explaining only 22.5 and 19.7% of the observed variation respectively. Moreover, Bayesian exploration of population Structure supported this observed lack of structure with a low optimum number of estimated genetic "Clusters" (e.g., populations; K = 1). If habitat fragmentation does affect gene flow among populations we cannot yet detect a strong genetic signature of this process; most likely due to the recency of landscape disturbance relative to the long generation time of this species. These results suggest that the genetic composition of these remnant populations is relatively homogenous and as Such, provides land managers with a large potential germplasm source with a broad genetic base for use in local restoration activities. C1 [Horning, Matthew E.; Webster, Michael S.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Horning, ME (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mhorning@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation; Graduate Group in Ecology and Evolution Graduate Student Research Grant-State University of New York-Buffalo; Betty W. Higinbotham Trust-Washington State University School of Biological Sciences; Hardman Native Plant Award-WSU School of Biological Sciences; Visiting Researcher Scholarship-The Field Museum of Natural History; Chicago Zoological Society Conservation and Research Fund FX This project was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (to MSW), the Graduate Group in Ecology and Evolution Graduate Student Research Grant-State University of New York-Buffalo (to MEH), the Betty W. Higinbotham Trust-Washington State University School of Biological Sciences (to MEH), the Hardman Native Plant Award-WSU School of Biological Sciences (to MEH), a Visiting Researcher Scholarship-The Field Museum of Natural History (to MEH) and The Chicago Zoological Society Conservation and Research Fund (to MEH). Many thanks to Chris Whelan, John Bishop, Steve Brunsfeld and the two anonymous reviewers for their improvements on earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank the County Forest Preserve Districts and State Parks for granting the permits for this work. Many individuals provided valuable information about extant Lilium Philadelphicum populations included in this study and the), are gratefully acknowledged in Horning's Ph.D. dissertation. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2009 VL 161 IS 2 BP 286 EP 300 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-161.2.286 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434GH UT WOS:000265262700011 ER PT J AU Humberg, LA Devault, TL Rhodes, OE AF Humberg, Lee A. Devault, Travis L. Rhodes, Olin E., Jr. TI Survival and Cause-Specific Mortality of Wild Turkeys in Northern Indiana SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HENS; TELEMETRY; DESIGN AB Information regarding survival and cause-specific mortality of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) is vital to their management, especially in small or isolated populations. Between January 2003 and August 2005, we used radio telemetry to investigate survival and cause-specific mortality of 87 [44 male (24 adult and 20 juvenile) and 43 female (34 adult and 9 juvenile)] wild turkeys in northern Indiana. We estimated annual and seasonal Survival using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Mean male and female annual Survival estimates were 0.257 and 0.777, respectively. Annual survival estimates were different between sexes within years, but were homogenous within sexes between years. Survival estimates did not differ among seasons for either sex. However, differences in survival estimates between sexes were detected in the spring, fall and winter seasons. Hunter harvest (46.2% male mortality) and predation (33.3% female mortality) were the leading known causes of mortality for male and female wild turkeys, respectively. Predators (canids, birds and unknown mammals) were responsible for 28.6% of mortality for both sexes combined. Although predation on adult birds was not severe, high mortality of male turkeys in the form of legal spring harvest, in addition to other causes of mortality, warrants concern for small, exploited populations in highly fragmented landscapes like those of northern Indiana. C1 [Humberg, Lee A.; Devault, Travis L.; Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Humberg, LA (reprint author), USDA Wildlife Serv, 1750 Pennsylvania Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11239 USA. EM Lee.A.Humberg@aphis.usda.gov FU Indiana Department of Natural Resources; National Wild Turkey Federation; Indiana Chapter of the National Wild Turkey Federation and Purdue University FX This Study would not have been possible Without cooperation of numerous landowners who allowed Lis access to their land. We thank J. Beasley and the many research technicians for their assistance in data collection. Thanks to the numerous state biologists and conservation officers from Indiana for their assistance in trapping and with public relations. S. Backs, H. P. Weeks and B. E. Washburn provided editorial comments in the writing of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, the National Wild Turkey Federation, the Indiana Chapter of the National Wild Turkey Federation and Purdue University. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2009 VL 161 IS 2 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-161.2.313 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434GH UT WOS:000265262700013 ER PT J AU Mundt, CC Sackett, KE Wallace, LD Cowger, C Dudley, JP AF Mundt, Christopher C. Sackett, Kathryn E. Wallace, Larae D. Cowger, Christina Dudley, Joseph P. TI Long-Distance Dispersal and Accelerating Waves of Disease: Empirical Relationships SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE avian influenza H5N1; epidemiology; invasion biology; long-distance dispersal (LDD); plant disease; West Nile virus ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; PLANT-DISEASE; TRAVELING-WAVES; RUST EPIDEMICS; SPATIAL HIERARCHIES; POPULATION SPREAD; AERIAL DISPERSAL; MIGRATORY BIRDS; FOCUS EXPANSION; SEED SHADOWS AB Classic approaches to modeling biological invasions predict a "traveling wave" of constant velocity determined by the invading organism's reproductive capacity, generation time, and dispersal ability. Traveling wave models may not apply, however, for organisms that exhibit long-distance dispersal. Here we use simple empirical relationships for accelerating waves, based on inverse power law dispersal, and apply them to diseases caused by pathogens that are wind dispersed or vectored by birds: the within-season spread of a plant disease at spatial scales of <100 m in experimental plots, historical plant disease epidemics at the continental scale, the unexpectedly rapid spread of West Nile virus across North America, and the transcontinental spread of avian influenza strain H5N1 in Eurasia and Africa. In all cases, the position of the epidemic front advanced exponentially with time, and epidemic velocity increased linearly with distance; regression slopes varied over a relatively narrow range among data sets. Estimates of the inverse power law exponent for dispersal that would be required to attain the rates of disease spread observed in the field also varied relatively little (1.74-2.36), despite more than a fivefold range of spatial scale among the data sets. C1 [Mundt, Christopher C.; Sackett, Kathryn E.; Wallace, Larae D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cowger, Christina] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dudley, Joseph P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Dudley, Joseph P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Earth Sci, Univ Alaska Museum, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mundt, CC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mundtc@science.oregonstate.edu FU U. S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [97353034537]; National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program [052756] FX We thank L. Cohnstaedt for pointing us toward West Nile virus as a potential model for study and M. Behrenfeld, N. Grunwald, and B. Smyth for their comments on an earlier draft. This work was supported by award 97353034537 from the U. S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program and by award 052756 from the National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program. NR 61 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 20 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD APR PY 2009 VL 173 IS 4 BP 456 EP 466 DI 10.1086/597220 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 415MG UT WOS:000263937300006 PM 19249979 ER PT J AU Kinsella, B Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Lightfield, AR Furey, A Danaher, M AF Kinsella, Brian Lehotay, Steven J. Mastovska, Katerina Lightfield, Alan R. Furey, Ambrose Danaher, Martin TI New method for the analysis of flukicide and other anthelmintic residues in bovine milk and liver using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EuroResidue VI Conference CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Egmond aan Zee, NETHERLANDS DE Anthelmintics; Flukicides; Residues; Food; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; QuEChERS ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SAMPLE PREPARATION METHOD; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; BENZIMIDAZOLE RESIDUES; BIOLOGICAL MATRICES; FOOD MATRICES; GAS; PERFORMANCE; INFECTIONS AB A liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) multi-residue method for the simultaneous quantification and identification of 38 residues of the most widely used anthelmintic veterinary drugs (including benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones, and flukicides) in milk and liver has been developed and validated. For sample preparation, we used a simple modification of the QuEChERS method, which was initially developed for pesticide residue analysis. The method involved extracting sample (10 g) with acetonitrile (10mL), followed by phase separation from water (salting out) with MgSO(4):NaCl (4:1, w/w). After centrifugation, an aliquot of the extract (1 mL) was purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction with MgSO(4) (150 mg) and C(18) (50 mg), prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Two injections of the same extract were required with the LC-MS/MS instrument to cover the 30 electrospray positive and 8 electrospray negative analytes. The limit of quantitation of the method was 5 mu g kg(-1) for 37 analytes (and 10 mu g kg(-1) for dichlorvos). The method was successfully validated according to the 2002/657/EC guidelines. Recovery of analytes was typically in the 70-120% range, with repeatabilities and reproducibilities typically <15% in milk and <20% in liver. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lehotay, Steven J.; Mastovska, Katerina; Lightfield, Alan R.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Kinsella, Brian; Danaher, Martin] TEAGASC, Ashtown Food Res Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. [Furey, Ambrose] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Team Elucidate, Cork, Ireland. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM brian.kinsella2@gmail.com RI Danaher, Martin/M-3605-2013; OI Danaher, Martin/0000-0003-4060-0441; Furey, Ambrose/0000-0003-4119-4318 NR 35 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 637 IS 1-2 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.072 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 429VB UT WOS:000264947100027 PM 19286030 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ Lightfield, AR Kinsella, B Shultz, CE AF Schneider, Marilyn J. Mastovska, Katerina Lehotay, Steven J. Lightfield, Alan R. Kinsella, Brian Shultz, Craig E. TI Comparison of screening methods for antibiotics in beef kidney juice and serum SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EuroResidue VI Conference CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Egmond aan Zee, NETHERLANDS DE Antibiotics; Screening; Microbial inhibition assays; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; VETERINARY DRUGS; CONFIRMATORY ANALYSIS; RESIDUES; BOVINE; MUSCLE AB Rapid screening tests can be used as part of an efficient program designed to monitor veterinary drug residues in cattle. In this work, three rapid tests designed to screen samples for the presence of antibiotic residues, the Fast Antimicrobial Screen Test (FAST), Premi (R) and Kidney Inhibition Swab (KIST (TM)) tests, were compared using beef kidney juice and serum samples. In order to provide a realistic assessment, potentially incurred samples of beef kidney juice and serum were obtained from 235 carcasses which had been retained by inspectors in a processing plant for further testing. In addition, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was conducted on these samples to identify what antibiotics were present, if any, and their levels. The comparison of the three rapid screening test results with those from LC-MS/MS analysis allowed for a more complete comparison of the relative sensitivity of these analytical methods, as well as valuable information on false positive and negative response rates. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Schneider, Marilyn J.; Mastovska, Katerina; Lehotay, Steven J.; Lightfield, Alan R.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Kinsella, Brian] TEAGASC, Ashtown Food Res Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. [Shultz, Craig E.] FSIS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marilyn.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 637 IS 1-2 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 429VB UT WOS:000264947100039 PM 19286042 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK AF Schwartz, M. K. TI Uniting ecological and genetic data for the conservation of wild ibex SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD APR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 103 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00253.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 421SM UT WOS:000264378600003 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Guerini, MN Kalchayanand, N Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, Joseph M. Guerini, Michael N. Kalchayanand, Norasak Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonellae in Commercial Ground Beef in the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT SALMONELLA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAW MEAT; ENTERICA; TYPHIMURIUM; PATTERNS; O157-H7; SAMPLES; ESTABLISHMENT AB Commercially produced ground beef samples (n = 4,136) were collected from seven regions of the United States over a 24-month period (July 2005 to June 2007) and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella enterica by using methods that concurrently provided total prevalence and enumerable levels. The overall prevalence of Salmonella strains was 4.2%. Enumeration showed that 94.2% were present at levels below 2 CFU/g. Regional monthly prevalences of Salmonella strains varied from 1.8% to 6.5% but were not statistically different (P > 0.05). All Salmonella isolates were serotyped and their antibiotic susceptibilities determined and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The most common serotypes identified were Salmonella enterica serotypes Montevideo, Anatum, Muenster, and Mbandaka, with these accounting for one-half of the isolates obtained. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella was determined to be 0.6%. The most common MDR serotypes were Salmonella enterica serotypes Dublin, Reading, and Typhimurium. MDR strains had resistance to between 2 and 10 antibiotics. There were no regional differences in prevalence of MDR Salmonella. PFGE analysis revealed that indistinguishable XbaI and AvrII restriction digest patterns (RDPs) could be observed in isolates of the same serotype found in different regions and months of sampling. The RDPs of 19 Salmonella strains were compared to RDPs in the PulseNet USA database. Thirteen were indistinguishable from existing patterns, and the number of records for each ranged from 1 to 478. These data show that Salmonella prevalence in commercial ground beef is low and suggest that attempts to identify sources contributing to Salmonella in ground beef by serotype, antibiogram, and PFGE cannot be made without additional documented evidence. C1 [Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Guerini, Michael N.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mick.bosilevac@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 38 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1892 EP 1900 DI 10.1128/AEM.02530-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 424EX UT WOS:000264549400012 PM 19201965 ER PT J AU Lindsey, RL Fedorka-Cray, PJ Frye, JG Meinersmann, RJ AF Lindsey, Rebecca L. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Frye, Jonathan G. Meinersmann, Richard J. TI Inc A/C Plasmids Are Prevalent in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM-BETA-LACTAMASE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SEROVAR NEWPORT; UNITED-STATES; GENE-TRANSFER; BACTERIA; INCOMPATIBILITY AB Bacterial plasmids are fragments of extrachromosomal double-stranded DNA that can contain a variety of genes that are beneficial to the host organism, like those responsible for antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to characterize a collection of 437 Salmonella enterica isolates from different animal sources for their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and plasmid replicon types and, in some cases, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in an effort to learn more about the distribution of multidrug resistance in relation to replicon types. A PCR-based replicon typing assay consisting of three multiplex PCRs was used to detect 18 of the 26 known plasmid types in the Enterobacteriaceae based on their incompatibility (Inc) replicon types. Linkage analysis was completed with antibiograms, replicon types, serovars, and Inc A/C. Inc A/C plasmids were prevalent in multidrug-resistant isolates with the notable exception of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Cluster analysis based on PFGE of a subset of 216 isolates showed 155 unique types, suggesting a variable population, but distinct clusters of isolates with Inc A/C plasmids were apparent. Significant linkage of serovar was also seen with Inc replicon types B/O, I1, Frep, and HI1. The present study showed that the combination of Salmonella, the Inc A/C plasmids, and multiple-drug-resistant genes is very old. Our results suggest that some strains, notably serovar Typhimurium and closely related types, may have once carried the plasmid but that the resistance genes were transferred to the chromosome with the subsequent loss of the plasmid. C1 [Lindsey, Rebecca L.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.; Frye, Jonathan G.; Meinersmann, Richard J.] Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, BEAR, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rmeiners@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 36 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1908 EP 1915 DI 10.1128/AEM.02228-08 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 424EX UT WOS:000264549400014 PM 19181840 ER PT J AU Zurdo-Pineiro, JL Garcia-Fraile, P Rivas, R Peix, A Leon-Barrios, M Willems, A Mateos, PF Martinez-Molina, E Velazquez, E van Berkum, P AF Luis Zurdo-Pineiro, Jose Garcia-Fraile, Paula Rivas, Raul Peix, Alvaro Leon-Barrios, Milagros Willems, Anne Francisco Mateos, Pedro Martinez-Molina, Eustoquio Velazquez, Encarna van Berkum, Peter TI Rhizobia from Lanzarote, the Canary Islands, That Nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris Have Characteristics in Common with Sinorhizobium meliloti Isolates from Mainland Spain SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT RNA PROFILES; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TOLERANT RHIZOBIA; TUNISIAN SOILS; LEGUMES; GENE; ELECTROPHORESIS; BRADYRHIZOBIUM; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB The stable, low-molecular-weight (LMW) RNA fractions of several rhizobial isolates of Phaseolus vulgaris grown in the soil of Lanzarote, an island of the Canary Islands, were identical to a less-common pattern found within Sinorhizobium meliloti (assigned to group II) obtained from nodules of alfalfa and alfalfa-related legumes grown in northern Spain. The P. vulgaris isolates and the group II LMW RNA S. meliloti isolates also were distinguishable in that both had two conserved inserts of 20 and 46 bp in the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region that were not present in other strains of S. meliloti. The isolates from P. vulgaris nodulated bean but not Medicago sativa, while those recovered from Medicago, Melilotus, and Trigonella spp. nodulated both host legumes. The bean isolates also were distinguished from those of Medicago, Melilotus, and Trigonella spp. by nodC sequence analysis. The nodC sequences of the bean isolates were most similar to those reported for S. meliloti bv. mediterranense and Sinorhizobium fredii bv. mediterranense (GenBank accession numbers DQ333891 and AF217267, respectively). None of the evidence placed the bean isolates from Lanzarote in the genus Rhizobium, which perhaps is inconsistent with seed-borne transmission of Rhizobium etli from the Americas to the Canaries as an explanation for the presence of bean-nodulating rhizobia in soils of Lanzarote. C1 [Velazquez, Encarna] Univ Salamanca, Dept Microbiol & Genet, Lab 209, Salamanca 37007, Spain. [Peix, Alvaro] IRNASA CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, Salamanca, Spain. [Leon-Barrios, Milagros] Univ La Laguna, Dept Microbiol & Biol Celular, Fac Farm, Tenerife, Spain. [Willems, Anne] Univ Gent KL, Microbiol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [van Berkum, Peter] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Velazquez, E (reprint author), Univ Salamanca, Dept Microbiol & Genet, Lab 209, Edificio Dept Biol,Campus M Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain. EM evp@usal.es RI Willems, Anne/B-2872-2010; Mateos, Pedro/L-6001-2014; Garcia-Fraile, Paula/N-8193-2014; Rivas, Raul/B-1869-2017; Peix, Alvaro/A-7196-2010; OI Willems, Anne/0000-0002-8421-2881; Mateos, Pedro/0000-0003-1628-598X; Garcia-Fraile, Paula/0000-0002-9576-2184; Rivas, Raul/0000-0003-2202-1470; Peix, Alvaro/0000-0001-5084-1586; Martinez-Molina, Eustoquio/0000-0002-0983-9780; Velazquez, Encarna/0000-0002-5946-7241 FU MICYT (central Spanish Government); JCyL (regional Spanish Government) FX This work was supported by MICYT (central Spanish Government) and JCyL (regional Spanish Government). NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2354 EP 2359 DI 10.1128/AEM.02811-08 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 429RC UT WOS:000264936800013 PM 19218416 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Chao, KL Kim, MS Tuschel, D Olkhovyk, O Priore, RJ AF Liu, Yongliang Chao, Kuanglin Kim, Moon S. Tuschel, David Olkhovyk, Oksana Priore, Ryan J. TI Potential of Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging Methods for Rapid and Routine Screening of the Presence of Melamine in Animal Feed and Foods SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; Chemical imaging; Melamine; Contaminants; Food safety C1 [Liu, Yongliang; Chao, Kuanglin; Kim, Moon S.] Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tuschel, David; Olkhovyk, Oksana; Priore, Ryan J.] ChemImage Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15208 USA. RP Chao, KL (reprint author), Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Bldg 303,BARC East,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 477 EP 480 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 430IL UT WOS:000264982700016 PM 19366516 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Bauer, L Martin, MR Center, TD AF Tipping, Philip W. Bauer, Laurie Martin, Melissa R. Center, Ted D. TI Competition between Salvinia minima and Spirodela polyrhiza mediated by nutrient levels and herbivory SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Salvinia minima; Spirodela polyrhiza; Competition; Herbivory; Nutrient ID VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AQUATIC PLANTS; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; DUCKWEED; FOREST; WATER AB We investigated the effects of initial biomass, nutrients, herbivory, and competition with Spirodela polyrhiza (L) Schleid on Salvinia minima Baker biomass and density. S. minima populations were subjected to two levels of herbivory (control vs. two adults per plant) from the weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands and eight levels of competition from S. polyrhiza, while growing in high (5 mg N l(-1)) or low (0.5 mg N l(-1)) nutrient conditions. Herbivory was the most important factor in S. minima biomass production while competition or fertility had no measurable impact. In contrast, S. polyrhiza biomass was mediated primarily by nutrients, not competition. There was no herbivory treatment for this plant. S. polyrhiza was superior to S. minima at converting nutrients to biomass but this did not give it a competitive advantage since S. minima biomass was unchanged when herbivory was absent. S. minima can generally overtop S. polyrhiza which, in turn, can form multiple layers within its mat. These characteristics may act to lessen competition between these species, thereby permitting their habitat sharing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Bauer, Laurie] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Martin, Melissa R.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. EM Philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.10.004 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 425ZO UT WOS:000264677200003 ER PT J AU Vinokurov, KS Elpidina, EN Zhuzhikov, DP Oppert, B Kodrik, D Sehnal, F AF Vinokurov, K. S. Elpidina, E. N. Zhuzhikov, D. P. Oppert, B. Kodrik, D. Sehnal, F. TI DIGESTIVE PROTEOLYSIS ORGANIZATION IN TWO CLOSELY RELATED TENEBRIONID BEETLES: RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) AND CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coleopteran insects; insect digestive peptidases; organization of digestion; Tribolium castaneum; Tribolium confusum ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS-RESISTANT; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; LARVAL MIDGUT; MOLITOR COLEOPTERA; YELLOW MEALWORM; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; CYSTEINE; PROTEASES; GUT AB The spectra of Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum larval digestive peptidases were characterized with respect to the spatial organization of protein digestion in the midgut. The pH of midgut contents in both species increased from 5.6-6.0 in the anterior to 7.0-7.5 in the posterior midgut. However, the pH optimum of the total proteolytic activity of the gut extract for either insect was pH 4.1. Approximately 80% of the total proteolytic activity was in the anterior and 20% in the posterior midgut of either insect when evaluated in buffers simulating the pH and reducing conditions characteristics for each midgut section. The general peptidase activity of gut extracts from either insect in pH 5.6 buffer was mostly due to cysteine peptidases. In the weakly alkaline conditions of the posterior midgut, the serine endopeptidases, 8 and 10 for T.castaneum, and 7 and 9 for T. confusum, repectively. Serine peptidases included trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, and elastase-like enzymes, the latter being for the first time reported in Tenebrionid insects. These data support a complex system of protein digestion in the Tribolium midgut with the fundamental role of cysteine peptidases. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Oppert, B.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Vinokurov, K. S.; Kodrik, D.; Sehnal, F.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Inst Entomol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Elpidina, E. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Phys Chem Biol, Moscow, Russia. [Zhuzhikov, D. P.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Entomol, Moscow, Russia. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksy.edu RI Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011; Kodrik, Dalibor /H-1522-2014; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 FU INTAS Post Doctoral Fellowship [06-1000014-6040]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-04-00737-a, 09-04-01449-a, 09-04-91289-INIS_a]; Czech Science Foundation [522/06/1591]; Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports [1M06030] FX Grant sponsor: INTAS Post Doctoral Fellowship; Grant number: 06-1000014-6040; Grant sponsor: Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Grant numbers: 08-04-00737-a, 09-04-01449-a, 09-04-91289-INIS_a; Grant sponsor: Czech Science Foundation; Grant number: 522/06/1591; Grant sponsor: Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports; Grant number: 1M06030. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 70 IS 4 BP 254 EP 279 DI 10.1002/arch.20299 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 424VK UT WOS:000264596200004 PM 19294681 ER PT J AU Piccone, ME Pauszek, S Pacheco, J Rieder, E Kramer, E Rodriguez, LL AF Piccone, M. E. Pauszek, S. Pacheco, J. Rieder, E. Kramer, E. Rodriguez, L. L. TI Molecular characterization of a foot-and-mouth disease virus containing a 57-nucleotide insertion in the 3'untranslated region SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE; UNTRANSLATED REGION; CELL-FREE; REPLICATION; ELEMENT; 3'-NCR AB A foot-and-mouth disease virus containing a 57-nucleotide (nt) insertion in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) was generated by transposon (tn)-mediated mutagenesis. Characterization of the mutant virus (A24-3'UTR8110) revealed no significant differences in virus growth, translation efficiency or virulence in cattle compared to the A24 wild-type virus. RNA modeling showed that the structures predicted in the 3'UTR were not affected by the tn insertion. These results revealed that the 3'UTR can tolerate foreign sequences that do not disrupt essential signals required for virus replication. C1 [Piccone, M. E.; Pauszek, S.; Pacheco, J.; Rieder, E.; Kramer, E.; Rodriguez, L. L.] ARS, USDA, NAA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit,Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Piccone, M. E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Piccone, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NAA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit,Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM maria.piccone@ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 154 IS 4 BP 671 EP 676 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0332-x PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 428SY UT WOS:000264871500016 PM 19288053 ER PT J AU Kabagambe, EK Ordovas, JM Tsai, MY Borecki, IB Hopkins, PN Glasser, SP Arnett, DK AF Kabagambe, Edmond K. Ordovas, Jose M. Tsai, Michael Y. Borecki, Ingrid B. Hopkins, Paul N. Glasser, Stephen P. Arnett, Donna K. TI Smoking, inflammatory patterns and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Smoking; Triglycerides; Lipids; Inflammation; Insulin resistance ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TRIGLYCERIDES; LIPOPROTEINS; DISEASE; LIPEMIA; MARKERS AB Background: Smoking is associated with increased postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPT). Inflammation and insulin resistance are potential "drivers" for this phenomenon. We tested whether inflammatory patterns and/or insulin resistance explain the effect of smoking on PPT. Methods and results: Men and women in the NHLBI Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study (n = 1036, age 49 +/- 16 y) were included. Each participant was asked to suspend use of lipid-lowering drugs for 3 weeks and was given a high-fat milkshake (83% fat and 700 kcal/m(2)). Triglyceride concentrations at 0, 3.5 and 6h after the fat load were measured. Inflammatory markets were measured at baseline. Principal component analysis was used to derive inflammatory patterns from individual inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL2 soluble receptor-alpha, IL6, TNF-alpha and MCP1). Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the HOMA equation. Repeated measures-ANOVA was used for analyses. Two inflammatory patterns, namely CRP-IL6 pattern and MCP1-TNF-alpha. pattern, were derived. We found significant main (smoking and time) and interaction (smoking x time) effects (P < 0.01) for triglycerides. The multivariate-adjusted triglyceride (mg/dL) concentrations (mean +/- S.E.M.) for never, past and current smokers were 127.38 +/- 1.04, 119.82 +/- 1.05 and 134.92 +/- 1.08 at 0 h; 229.42 +/- 104, 238.39 +/- 1.05 and 293.94 +/- 1.08 at 3.5 h; and 194.63 +/- 1.04, 208.38 +/- 1.05 and 248.27 +/- 1.08 at 6 h after the fat load, respectively. Smoking remained significant after adjusting for HOMA-IR and/or inflammatory patterns which showed independent associations with PPT (P < 0.05). Conclusions:These data confirm impaired metabolism of fat among smokers and suggest that mechanisms other than inflammation or insulin resistance may explain the observed hypertriglyceridemia among smokers. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Borecki, Ingrid B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Hopkins, Paul N.] Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Glasser, Stephen P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kabagambe, EK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM edmondk@uab.edu OI Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Glasser, Stephen/0000-0001-9620-6406 FU NHLBI [U01HL072524-04] FX Grant/funding support: This study was funded by NHLBI grant number U01HL072524-04. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD APR PY 2009 VL 203 IS 2 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.005 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 437CW UT WOS:000265464800049 PM 18804210 ER PT J AU Lupold, S Linz, GM Birkhead, TR AF Luepold, Stefan Linz, George M. Birkhead, Tim R. TI Sperm design and variation in the New World blackbirds (Icteridae) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sperm competition; Sperm morphology; Sperm velocity; Phylogenetic analysis; Passerine birds ID CRYPTIC FEMALE CHOICE; PASSERINE BIRDS; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; COMPETITION GAMES; SEXUAL SELECTION; ATLANTIC SALMON; MAMMALIAN SPERM; SWIMMING SPEED; DOMESTIC-FOWL; LARGER SPERM AB Post-copulatory sexual selection (PCSS) is thought to be one of the evolutionary forces responsible for the rapid and divergent evolution of sperm design. However, whereas in some taxa particular sperm traits are positively associated with PCSS, in other taxa, these relationships are negative, and the causes of these different patterns across taxa are poorly understood. In a comparative study using New World blackbirds (Icteridae), we tested whether sperm design was influenced by the level of PCSS and found significant positive associations with the level of PCSS for all sperm components but head length. Additionally, whereas the absolute length of sperm components increased, their variation declined with the intensity of PCSS, indicating stabilising selection around an optimal sperm design. Given the diversity of, and strong selection on, sperm design, it seems likely that sperm phenotype may influence sperm velocity within species. However, in contrast to other recent studies of passerine birds, but consistent with several other studies, we found no significant link between sperm design and velocity, using four different species that vary both in sperm design and PCSS. Potential reasons for this discrepancy between studies are discussed. C1 [Luepold, Stefan; Birkhead, Tim R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Luepold, Stefan] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Linz, George M.] USDA, APHIS, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Lupold, S (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM s.luepold@sheffield.ac.uk RI Lupold, Stefan/C-2091-2012 OI Lupold, Stefan/0000-0002-5069-1992 FU Leverhulme Trust FX We thank J. Homan, P. Llambias, N. Lopez, D. Ortiz, L. Reinhardt, J. Ross, C. and F. Ruiz, K. Soria and A. Trutsch for their help in the field. Additional sperm samples were provided by the Alaska Bird Observatory, Bird Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Museo de La Plata Buenos Aires, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology UC Davis, Proyecto Recuperacion de la Mariquita, M. Avery, A. Azpiroz, M. Conway, K. Ellison, D. Elwonger, A. Fonseca, S. Immler, W. Janousek, R. Keith, D. Maddox, R. Meese, B. Ortiz, B. Peer, T. Pepps, N. Perlut, R. Rehmeier, J. Rivers, V. Rohwer, B. Sandercock, W. Ward, C. Willis and G. Young. We also thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments on our manuscript. S. L. was supported by the Janggen- Poehn Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation, a Sheffield University Overseas Research Student Award, a Lauff Research Award and an NSF LTER Graduate Research Award; T. R. B. was funded by the Leverhulme Trust. All samples were collected under licence of the respective institutions or collaborators and, within the US, under an additional collective Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit ( MB 131466). NR 80 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 6 BP 899 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s00265-009-0733-6 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 424FF UT WOS:000264550200013 ER PT J AU Coudron, T Shelby, K Ellersieck, M Odoom, E Lim, E Popham, H AF Coudron, Thomas A. Shelby, Kent S. Ellersieck, Mark R. Odoom, Elisha D. Lim, Eugene Popham, Holly J. R. TI Developmental response of Euplectrus comstockii to ascorbic acid in the diet of the larval host, Heliothis virescens SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Parasitoid; Euplectrus comstockii; Heliothis virescens; Eulophid; Lepidoptera; Host diet; Ascorbic acid ID PARASITOID COTESIA-MELANOSCELA; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PLATHYPENAE HYMENOPTERA; FACTITIOUS HOSTS; PLANTS; BRACONIDAE; EULOPHIDAE; ICHNEUMONIDAE; LYMANTRIIDAE; ANTIOXIDANT AB Recent developments in genetic engineering have paved the way for researchers to produce crops of high nutritional and yield value, in addition to being resistant to diseases and pests. Ascorbic acid content is one of the parameters researchers are trying to enhance in plants. This study investigated the effect of different levels of dietary ascorbic acid of a beneficial wasp, Euplectrus comstockii Howard (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), by measuring life history parameters of the wasp when reared on lepidopteran larvae fed a basal diet containing low and high levels of ascorbic acid. Odds and odds ratio analyses showed that the probability of egg hatch and adult emergence for the wasp increased with the amount of ascorbic acid in the diet of the host, and that the rate of development and probability of female or male progeny was similar for most levels of ascorbic acid tested. This would indicate that as the ascorbic acid concentration increases in the pest insect the effectiveness of the wasp is likely to increase and when, by comparison with other published findings, the effectiveness of microbial pathogens is likely to decrease. C1 [Coudron, Thomas A.; Shelby, Kent S.; Popham, Holly J. R.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Odoom, Elisha D.] Lincoln Univ, Dept Chem, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. [Lim, Eugene] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Div Appl Life Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. RP Coudron, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM Tom.Coudron@ars.usda.gov FU Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development, Korea FX The authors extend their gratitude to James Smith, Larry Brown, and Steve Cooper for preparing diets and rearing the insects. Eugene Lim was supported by a grant from the BK21 Program through the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development, Korea. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 2 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10526-008-9179-4 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 417QQ UT WOS:000264091700003 ER PT J AU Perotto-Baldivieso, HL Melendez-Ackerman, E Garcia, MA Leimgruber, P Cooper, SM Martinez, A Calle, P Ramos Gonzales, OM Quinones, M Christen, CA Pons, G AF Perotto-Baldivieso, Humberto L. Melendez-Ackerman, Elvia Garcia, Miguel A. Leimgruber, Peter Cooper, Susan M. Martinez, Alma Calle, Paulina Ramos Gonzales, Olga M. Quinones, Maya Christen, Catherine A. Pons, Gaspar TI Spatial distribution, connectivity, and the influence of scale: habitat availability for the endangered Mona Island rock iguana SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri; Habitat spatial distribution; Landscape structure; Mona Island; Mona rock iguana; Scale ID CYCLURA-CORNUTA-STEJNEGERI; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; PATCHES; INDEXES AB The Caribbean region is one of the five leading biodiversity hotspots in the world. Analysis of the spatial structure of critical habitats and how it affects endemic species in this region is essential baseline information for biodiversity monitoring and management. We quantified and evaluated the spatial structure and connectivity of depression forests on Mona Island and their potential impact on Mona Island rock iguana habitat, as a framework to assess spatial distribution, connectivity, and the issue of scale in small and widely dispersed habitats. Using IKONOS imagery, we mapped and delineated depression forests at four different scales (minimum mapping units: < 100, 100, 500, and 1,000 m), and calculated landscape metrics describing their spatial structure, and connectivity, for each map resolution. Our approach resulted in a more detailed map than previously described maps, providing better information on habitat connectivity for iguanas. The comparison of the island landscape mapped at different scales provided evidence on how changing scales affect the output of spatial metrics and may have a significant impact when planning decisions and assigning conservation priorities. It also highlighted the importance of adequate ecological scales when addressing landscape management and conservation priorities. The analysis of landscapes at multiple scales provided a mechanism to evaluate the role of patch detection and its effect on the interpretation of connectivity and spatial structure of suitable areas for species with small and widely dispersed habitats. These methodologies can be applied other species, in different environments, with similar limitations related to connectivity and habitat availability. C1 [Perotto-Baldivieso, Humberto L.; Cooper, Susan M.] Texas AgriLife Res, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. [Melendez-Ackerman, Elvia; Martinez, Alma; Calle, Paulina] Univ Puerto Rico, ITES, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Melendez-Ackerman, Elvia; Garcia, Miguel A.; Martinez, Alma; Calle, Paulina; Pons, Gaspar] Univ Puerto Rico, CATEC, CREST, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Ramos Gonzales, Olga M.; Quinones, Maya] USDA Forest Serv, IITF, Jardin Bot Sur, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Leimgruber, Peter; Christen, Catherine A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Garcia, Miguel A.; Pons, Gaspar] Natl Pk Serv, Dept Nat & Environm Resources, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Perotto-Baldivieso, Humberto L.] Casilla, La Paz, Bolivia. RP Perotto-Baldivieso, HL (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, 1619 Garner Field Rd, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. EM hperotto@tamu.edu RI Perotto-Baldivieso, Humberto/C-5886-2011; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Perotto-Baldivieso, Humberto/0000-0001-7700-7110; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 FU NSF-CREST CATEC [HRD-0206200] FX We would like to thank G. Olivieri, H. Lopez, and J. Sustache for their valuable help during the Weld work in Mona Island, M. Jimnez and S. Martinuzzi for the comments and suggestions for the image analysis, M. Figueroa and J. N. Romo for their help during the data analysis, and E. Hollister, X. Ben Wu, H. Hood, and the two anonymous reviewers for their review comments that helped improve this manuscript. This project was funded by NSF-CREST CATEC HRD-0206200, federal support from the Smithsonian Latino Center, the Wildlife Restoration Program ( Project W14, US Fish and Wildlife Service), the Department of Natural and Environmental Resources of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Environmental Science Program of the University of Puerto Rico at R o Piedras. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD APR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 905 EP 917 DI 10.1007/s10531-008-9520-3 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 424DT UT WOS:000264546400009 ER PT J AU Roehrdanz, R Olson, D Fauske, G Bourchier, R Cortilet, A Sears, S AF Roehrdanz, R. Olson, D. Fauske, G. Bourchier, R. Cortilet, A. Sears, S. TI New DNA markers reveal presence of Aphthona species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) believed to have failed to establish after release into leafy spurge SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Flea beetles; Leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula; Aphthona; Molecular species key; Mitochondrial DNA; DNA markers ID INTRODUCED BIOCONTROL AGENT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; SPP. AB Six species of Aphthona flea beetles from Europe have been introduced in North America for the purpose of controlling a noxious weed, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). In the years following the releases, five of the species have been recorded as being established at various locations. There is no evidence that the sixth species ever became established. A molecular marker key that can identify the DNA of the five established species is described. The key relies on restriction site differences found in PCR amplicons of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Three restriction enzymes are required to separate the immature specimens which are not visually separable. Adults which can be quickly separated into the two black species and three brown species require only two restriction enzymes to resolve the species. Many of the original releases and relocations of the flea beetles used populations containing mixed species that were often not thoroughly characterized as to species. The markers showed the presence of two Aphthona species in North Dakota that were believed to have been absent from the state for the past decade. Without the marker assay these populations would probably have been overlooked. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Roehrdanz, R.; Sears, S.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Olson, D.; Fauske, G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bourchier, R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. [Cortilet, A.] Minnesota Dept Agr, Weed Integrated Pest Management Unit, Agr Resources Management & Dev Div, St Paul, MN USA. RP Roehrdanz, R (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM richard.roehrdanz@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.12.008 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 420SR UT WOS:000264310000001 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Johnson, MW Daane, KM Yokoyama, VY AF Wang, Xin-Geng Johnson, Marshall W. Daane, Kent M. Yokoyama, Victoria Y. TI Larger olive fruit size reduces the efficiency of Psyttalia concolor, as a parasitoid of the olive fruit fly SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Body size; Crop domestication; Enemy-free space; Structural refuge ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; COMPETITIVE SUPERIORITY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; OVIPOSITOR LENGTH; BACTROCERA-OLEAE; FOPIUS-ARISANUS; HYMENOPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; BRACONIDAE AB The larval parasitoid, Psyttalia concolor (Szepligeti), has been released for biological control of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), in California. The effect of olive (Olea europaea L) fruit size on parasitism efficiency was quantified within one cultivar (Sevillano) and across four different sized cultivars (in order of decreasing size: Sevillano, Ascolano, Manzanillo, and Mission). Parasitism was examined under two different host distributions: (a) variable distribution in which host density increased with fruit size; and (b) uniform distribution in which host density was similar across all fruit sizes. Regardless of host distribution and cultivar, parasitism by P, concolor was consistently higher on smaller fruit. Field cage studies also showed that olive fruit fly parasitism by P. concolor was lower within fruit of the largest olive cultivar (Sevillano) compared to fruit of the smallest cultivar (Mission). Results suggest larval B. oleae were protected in large fruit due to the relatively short ovipositor of A concolor. By rearing P. concolor on the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), adult females had a larger body size and ovipositor length than when female wasps were reared on B. oleae. In turn, A concolor females with longer ovipositors had higher levels of parasitism in similar sized olive fruit. We discuss the potential implications of these findings for biological control of B. oleae. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xin-Geng; Johnson, Marshall W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Daane, Kent M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yokoyama, Victoria Y.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM xgwang@uckac.edu FU California Department of Agriculture; California Olive Committee; USDA CSREES Special Grants Program: Pest Management Alternatives. FX We thank Martha Gerik for assistance and Pedro Rendon (USDA-APHID-PPQ Parasitoids Rearing Facility, Guatemala) for providing A concolor. We also thank Charles H. Pickett (Biological Control Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture Sacramento, California) for his valuable suggestions on an early version of this manuscript and his support of this study. Funds were provided by the California Department of Agriculture, the California Olive Committee, and the USDA CSREES Special Grants Program: Pest Management Alternatives. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 420SR UT WOS:000264310000007 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Bruckart, WL Cavin, CA Michael, JL AF Berner, D. K. Bruckart, W. L. Cavin, C. A. Michael, J. L. TI Mixed model analysis combining disease ratings and DNA sequences to determine host range of Uromyces salsolae for biological control of Russian thistle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Animal model; BLUP; Classical biological control; Uromyces salsolae; Disease prediction; GDATA; Henderson's mixed model equations; Host-range testing; Invasive weeds; MME; Plant pathogens; PROC MIXED; Quartet puzzling; Reduced animal model; Relationship matrix; Rust fungus; Salsola tragus; SAS ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; CHENOPODIACEAE; PREDICTION; SELECTION; NUCLEAR; RECORDS AB Russian thistle or tumbleweed (Salsola tragus L) is an introduced invasive weed in N. America. It is widely distributed in the U.S. and is a target of biological control efforts. The obligate biotrophic rust fungus Uromyces salsolae Reichardt is a candidate biological control agent of Russian thistle. and host range tests were conducted in quarantine to determine whether the fungus is safe to release in N. America. Limited non-target effects were observed, but the tests were conducted under optimum conditions for disease and may reflect only the response of the germ plasm tested. To arrive at anticipated disease reactions of each species as a whole, disease reaction data were combined with a relationship matrix derived from DNA sequences and analyzed with mixed model equations (MME) to produce Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (BLUPs) of susceptibility for each species. These results showed that the MME were more useful than least squares methods in delimiting the host range of U. salsolae. Only species in the genus Salsola were susceptible to the fungus, and U. salsolae should be safe to release for the control of S. tragus in N. America. The MME were also used effectively in this study to generate BLUPs for rare or difficult to grow species that were not actually inoculated and to generate or validate lists of non-target plants for host range determinations. Advantages of the MME are discussed in light of host range determinations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Berner, D. K.; Bruckart, W. L.; Cavin, C. A.; Michael, J. L.] ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, 1301 Ditto Ave, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM dana.berner@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.001 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 420SR UT WOS:000264310000010 ER PT J AU Arthurs, S McKenzie, CL Chen, JJ Dogramaci, M Brennan, M Houben, K Osborne, L AF Arthurs, Steven McKenzie, Cindy L. Chen, Jianjun Dogramaci, Mahmut Brennan, Mary Houben, Katherine Osborne, Lance TI Evaluation of Neoseiulus cucumeris and Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as biological control agents of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on pepper SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Chilli thrips; Predatory mite; Capsicum annuum; Inoculative biological control ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS THYSANOPTERA; PERGANDE THYSANOPTERA; IPHISEIUS-DEGENERANS; PREDATORY MITES; GREENHOUSE; CROPS; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPATIBILITY; ANTHOCORIDAE AB The invasive chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood poses a significant risk to many food and ornamental crops in the Caribbean, Florida and Texas. We evaluated two species of phytoseiid mites as predators of S. dorsalis. In leaf disc assays, gravid females of Neoseiulus cucumeris and Amblyseius swirskii both fed on S. dorsalis at statistically similar rates. Larvae were the preferred prey for both species, consuming on average 2.7/day, compared with 1.1-1.7 adults/day in no choice tests. Adult thrips were rarely consumed in subsequent choice tests when larvae were also present. Mite fecundity was statistically similar for both species feeding on thrips larvae (approximate to 13 eggs/day) but significantly less for A. swirskii restricted to a diet of adult thrips (0.5 eggs/day). In greenhouse tests with infested pepper plants, both mite species established and reduced thrips numbers significantly over 28 days following a single release (30 mites/plant). However, A. swirskii was the more effective predator, consistently maintaining thrips below 1 per terminal leaf, compared with up to 36 for N, cucumeris and 70 in control treatments. Similar results were obtained for plants maintained outside in the landscape, where A. swirskii continued to reproduce and control thrips up to 63 days post release. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Arthurs, Steven; Chen, Jianjun; Dogramaci, Mahmut; Brennan, Mary; Houben, Katherine; Osborne, Lance] Univ Florida, IFAS, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Arthurs, Steven; Chen, Jianjun; Dogramaci, Mahmut; Brennan, Mary; Houben, Katherine; Osborne, Lance] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [McKenzie, Cindy L.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Arthurs, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, 2725 Bin Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. EM spa@ufl.edu RI Kumar, Vivek/B-8500-2011 FU USDA's Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture Research (T-STAR) Program; American Floral Endowment; USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX We are grateful for funding through the USDA's Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture Research (T-STAR) Program, American Floral Endowment, and the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.002 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 420SR UT WOS:000264310000013 ER PT J AU Tuttle, NC Beard, KH Pitt, WC AF Tuttle, Nathania C. Beard, Karen H. Pitt, William C. TI Invasive litter, not an invasive insectivore, determines invertebrate communities in Hawaiian forests SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Bottom-up control; Eleutherodactylus coqui; Leaf litter; Top-down control; Trophic cascade ID FROG ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; TOP-DOWN; FALCATARIA-MOLUCCANA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PUERTO-RICO; LEAF-LITTER; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM AB In Hawaii, invasive plants have the ability to alter litter-based food chains because they often have litter traits that differ from native species. Additionally, abundant invasive predators, especially those representing new trophic levels, can reduce prey. The relative importance of these two processes on the litter invertebrate community in Hawaii is important, because they could affect the large number of endemic and endangered invertebrates. We determined the relative importance of litter resources, represented by leaf litter of two trees, an invasive nitrogen-fixer, Falcataria moluccana, and a native tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, and predation of an invasive terrestrial frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, on leaf litter invertebrate abundance and composition. Principle component analysis revealed that F. moluccana litter creates an invertebrate community that greatly differs from that found in M. polymorpha litter. We found that F. moluccana increased the abundance of non-native fragmenters (Amphipoda and Isopoda) by 400% and non-native predaceous ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by 200%. E. coqui had less effect on the litter invertebrate community; it reduced microbivores by 40% in F. moluccana and non-native ants by 30% across litter types. E. coqui stomach contents were similar in abundance and composition in both litter treatments, despite dramatic differences in the invertebrate community. Additionally, our results suggest that invertebrate community differences between litter types did not cascade to influence E. coqui growth or survivorship. In conclusion, it appears that an invasive nitrogen-fixing tree species has a greater influence on litter invertebrate community abundance and composition than the invasive predator, E. coqui. C1 [Tuttle, Nathania C.; Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tuttle, Nathania C.; Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pitt, William C.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hilo Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Beard, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.beard@usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 FU Jack H. Berryman Institute; Hawaii Invasive Species Council FX Funding was provided by the Jack H. Berryman Institute and the Hawaii Invasive Species Council ( Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources). We thank M. Higashi, M. Tuttle, A. Huff, J. Verlinde, K. Crowell, D. Grant, S. Bisrat, C. Richins, and S. Selamet for field and laboratory assistance; S. Durham for statistical advice; R. Ryel for vehicle use; and D. Preston and R. Snelling for invertebrate identification to species and origin. Procedures were performed with the approval of Utah State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit number 1145R. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 845 EP 855 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9298-y PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413IB UT WOS:000263785700007 ER PT J AU Harwood, JD Yoo, HJS Greenstone, MH Rowley, DL O'Neil, RJ AF Harwood, James D. Yoo, Ho Jung S. Greenstone, Matthew H. Rowley, Daniel L. O'Neil, Robert J. TI Differential impact of adults and nymphs of a generalist predator on an exotic invasive pest demonstrated by molecular gut-content analysis SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; Food web ecology; Immature generalist predators; Molecular gut-content analysis; Predator-prey interactions ID APHIS-GLYCINES MATSUMURA; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS SAY; LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; SOYBEAN APHID; ALTERNATIVE PREY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS; ARTHROPOD PREDATORS AB Generalist predators have the capacity to regulate herbivore populations through a variety of mechanisms, but food webs are complex and defining the strength of trophic linkages can be difficult. Molecular gut-content analysis has revolutionized our understanding of these systems. Utilizing this technology, we examined the structure of a soybean food web, identified the potential for adult and immature Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to suppress Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and tested the hypotheses that foraging behaviour would vary between life stages, but that both adults and immatures would exert significant predation pressure upon this invasive pest. We also identified the strength of trophic pathways with two additional food items: an alternative prey item, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and an intraguild predator, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). A. glycines constituted a greater proportion of the diet of immature O. insidiosus, but N. variabilis DNA was found in greater frequency in adults. However, both life stages were important early-season predators of this invasive pest, a phenomenon predicted as having the greatest impact on herbivore population dynamics and establishment success. No adult O. insidiosus screened positive for H. axyridis DNA, but a low proportion (2.5%) of immature individuals contained DNA of this intraguild predator, thus indicating the existence of this trophic pathway, albeit a relatively minor one in the context of biological control. Interestingly, approximately two-thirds of predators contained no detectable prey and fewer than 3% contained more than one prey item, suggesting the possibility for food limitation in the field. This research implicates O. insidiosus as a valuable natural enemy for the suppression of early-season A. glycines populations. C1 [Harwood, James D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Yoo, Ho Jung S.; O'Neil, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Greenstone, Matthew H.; Rowley, Daniel L.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harwood, JD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, S-225 Agr Sci Ctr N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM James.Harwood@uky.edu RI Yoo, Ho Jung/N-7069-2013 OI Yoo, Ho Jung/0000-0001-9677-0947 FU University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State Project [KY008043]; USDA/CSREES NRI [2003-03334]; Indiana Soybean Alliance; North Central Soybean Research Program FX J.D.H., H.J.S.Y. and M. H. G. are indebted to their co-author, Bob O'Neil, who passed away prior to preparation of this manuscript, for his support, encouragement and insights into this research initiative. All experiments comply with the current laws and regulations of the United States of America. J.D.H. is supported by the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State Project KY008043. This work was supported, in part, by a grant from USDA/CSREES NRI (2003-03334) as well as through support of the Indiana Soybean Alliance, and the North Central Soybean Research Program. This paper is publication number 08-08-053 of the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 895 EP 903 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9302-6 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413IB UT WOS:000263785700011 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Tew, TL Harvey, JJ Belesky, DP AF Burner, David M. Tew, Thomas L. Harvey, Jonathan J. Belesky, David P. TI Dry matter partitioning and quality of Miscanthus, Panicum, and Saccharum genotypes in Arkansas, USA SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Cellulose; Cold tolerance; Energy cane; Lignin; Miscanthus; Nitrogen; Sugarcane; Switchgrass; Total nonstructural carbohydrate ID BIOMASS PRODUCTION; X-GIGANTEUS; SWITCHGRASS; GRASSES; YIELD; EUROPE; CROPS AB The partitioning and quality of aboveground biomass have important ramifications for crop management and biomass conversion. In preliminary studies, Saccharum sp. x Miscanthus sp. hybrids exhibited stubble cold tolerance in west-central Arkansas, unlike Saccharum sp. x Saccharum spontaneum hybrids. The objective was to examine foliar and stern quality of the C(4) grasses Miscanthus sinensis ('Gracillimus'), Miscanthus x giganteus (Q42641, proprietary), Panicum virgatum ('Alamo'), and two F, hybrids of Saccharum sp. x Miscanthus sp. (US84-1028 and US84-1058) in a field study during 2004 (plant cane) and 2005 (first stubble) near Booneville, AR. Switchgrass produced more stems m(-2) than the other entries both years, and there was little difference in stein number among other entries. Clone US84-1028 yielded more dry mass m(-2) than other entries in plant cane, while switchgrass, US84-1028, and M. x giganteus did not differ in first stubble. Clone US84-1028 also had more stern dry mass and leaf dry mass than other entries both yr. Tissue N concentrations were low for these entries, but leaves contained about twice the N of stems (<= 15.2 and 7.8 g kg(-1) respectively). Leaves represented as much as one-third of total biomass, and had large cellulose (<= 482 g kg(-1)) and lignin (167 g kg(-1)) concentrations. The competitively high biomass yield of this small sample of sugarcane alleles should encourage the expansion of the crop beyond its current production regions. Sugarcane and M. x giganteus should be examined in higher-input temperate systems because of their bioenergy potential. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burner, David M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Tew, Thomas L.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Harvey, Jonathan J.] Biomass Ind Crops Ltd, Taunton TA4 4LS, Somerset, England. [Belesky, David P.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM david.burner@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 610 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.10.002 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 429EQ UT WOS:000264904000009 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Pan, XJ Wang, GS Gleisner, R AF Zhu, J. Y. Pan, X. J. Wang, G. S. Gleisner, R. TI Sulfite pretreatment (SPORL) for robust enzymatic saccharification of spruce and red pine SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enzymatic hydrolysis; Size reduction; Softwood; Sulfite pretreatment; SPORL ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; ETHANOL; HYDROLYSIS; SOFTWOOD AB This study established a novel process using sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust and efficient bioconversion of softwoods. The process consists of sulfite treatment of wood chips under acidic conditions followed by mechanical size reduction using disk refining. The results indicated that after the SPORL pretreatment of spruce chips with 8-10% bisulfite and 1.8-3.7% sulfuric acid on oven dry (od) wood at 180 degrees C for 30 min, more than 90% cellulose conversion of substrate was achieved with enzyme loading of about 14.6 FPU cellulase plus 22.5 CBU beta-glucosidase per grain of od substrate after 48 h hydrolysis. Glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate per 100 g of untreated od spruce wood (glucan content 43%) was about 37 g (excluding the dissolved glucose during pretreatment). Hemicellulose removal was found to be as critical as lignin sulfonation for cellulose conversion in the SPORL process. Pretreatment altered the wood chips, which reduced electric energy consumption for size reduction to about 19 Wh/kg od untreated wood. or about 19 g glucose/Wh electricity. Furthermore, the SPORL produced low amounts of fermentation inhibitors, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and furfural, of about 5 and 1 mg/g of untreated od wood, respectively. In addition, similar results were achieved when the SPORL was applied to red pine. By building on the mature sulfite pulping and disk refining technologies already practiced in the pulp and paper industry, the SPORL has very few technological barriers and risks for commercialization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Zhu, J. Y.; Pan, X. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wang, G. S.] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Tianjin Key Lab Pulp & Paper, Tianjin 300222, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us; xpan@wisc.edu RI mei, chaoqun/B-9857-2011 NR 27 TC 247 Z9 274 U1 13 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 100 IS 8 BP 2411 EP 2418 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.057 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 410MR UT WOS:000263582100014 PM 19119005 ER PT J AU Michener, WK Bildstein, KL Mckee, A Parmenter, RR Hargrove, WW McClearn, D Stromberg, M AF Michener, William K. Bildstein, Keith L. Mckee, Arthur Parmenter, Robert R. Hargrove, William W. McClearn, Deedra Stromberg, Mark TI Biological Field Stations: Research Legacies and Sites for Serendipity SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological field stations; long-term research; research legacies; serendipity; socially relevant research ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; NEW-MEXICO; HANTAVIRUS; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES; PERSPECTIVE; RESERVOIR; OUTBREAK AB Biological field stations are distributed throughout North America, capturing much of the ecological variability present at the continental scale and encompassing many unique habitats. In addition to their role in supporting research and education, field stations offer legacies of data, specimens, and accumulated knowledge. Such legacies often provide the only frame work for documenting and understanding the nature and pace of ecosystem, regional, and global changes in environmental conditions; ecological processes; and biodiversity. Because of these legacies and because they serve as gathering places for a rich diversity of highly creative and motivated scientists, students, and citizens, biological field stations are frequently where serendipitous scientific discoveries take place. The inclusion of biological field stations in environmental observatories and research networks ensures that these places will continue to foster future serendipitous scientific discoveries. C1 [Michener, William K.] Univ New Mexico, LTER Network Off, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Michener, William K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bildstein, Keith L.] Acopian Ctr Conservat Sci, Orwigsburg, PA USA. [Mckee, Arthur] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Parmenter, Robert R.] Valles Caldera Natl Preserve, Jemez Springs, NM USA. [Hargrove, William W.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. [Stromberg, Mark] UC Berkeley Nat Hist Museums, Carmel Valley, CA USA. RP Michener, WK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, LTER Network Off, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM wmichener@LTERnet.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the many program officers, including James T. Callahan and Gerald R. Selzer (both deceased), who enthusiastically and tirelessly guided the NSF Field Station and Marine Lab Program and otherwise contributed to the nationally important legacies represented in field stations and marine labs. The authors thank Barbara Kimbell and three anonymous reviewers who offered numerous suggestions for improvement. This is Hawk Mountain Sanctuary contribution to conservation science number 168. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2009 VL 59 IS 4 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1025/bio.2009.59.4.8 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 427CZ UT WOS:000264758700007 ER PT J AU Cho, J Mostaghimi, S AF Cho, Jaepil Mostaghimi, Saied TI Evaluating cell-based components of DANSAT for predicting surface and subsurface transport of pesticides SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MODEL; GROUNDWATER; RUNOFF; GLEAMS; SOIL AB Accurate simulation of cell-based processes is important for evaluating the impacts of best management practices (BMPs) on surface and ground water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cell-based component of the Dynamic Agricultural Non-point Source Assessment Tool (DANSAT) for simulating water, sediment, and pesticide movement both in surface and through the soil profile. DANSAT was applied to a maize field in Virginia cultivated by conventional tillage. The model performed well in predicting seasonal and total surface runoff, sediment load, and pesticides loads. Movements of percolated water and pesticides in the soil profile were also well reproduced by the model with 0.57 and 0.82 average index of agreements, respectively. However, the model had difficulty in predicting the temporal changes in sediment load using the dynamic erodibility approach for estimating daily variable rill and interrill erodibility parameters. The overall result showed that the cell-based component of DANSAT could be used for further evaluation of BMP impacts on surface and ground water at the watershed-scale. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Cho, Jaepil] ARS, USDA, SEWRL, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Cho, Jaepil; Mostaghimi, Saied] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SEWRL, 2375 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM jcho@vt.edu; smotagh@vt.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 473 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.01.007 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 438QD UT WOS:000265569600012 ER PT J AU Cho, J Mostaghimi, S AF Cho, Jaepil Mostaghimi, Saied TI Dynamic agricultural non-point source assessment tool (DANSAT): Model development SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; SOURCE POLLUTION MODELS; WATER; SEDIMENT; ANSWERS-2000; EVAPORATION AB Non-point source simulation models are commonly used tools for examining water and water quality issues. The dynamic agricultural non-point source assessment tool (DANSAT) is the distributed-parameter, physically-based, and continuous-simulation model for simulating the spatial and temporal impacts of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) on hydrology and water quality in small agricultural watersheds. The development of model components is described in this paper with results on temporal and spatial evaluation, sensitivity analysis, and application of the model presented in the companion paper. Three model components including dynamic variable, hydrology, and sediment components are described. The dynamic variable component includes interactive soil, plant growth, and residue decomposition subcomponents which predicts temporal changes in hydrology- and detachment-related soil parameters, crop variables, and the decomposition of three types of residues, respectively, according to applied land management practices. The hydrology components include interception, evapotranspiration, infiltration, percolation, overland flow, channel flow, inter-flow, and base flow components. Sediment components simulate inter-rill detachment, rill detachment, channel detachment, transport capacity, overland routing, and channel routing. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Cho, Jaepil] ARS, USDA, SEWRL, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Cho, Jaepil; Mostaghimi, Saied] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SEWRL, 2375 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM jcho@vt.edu; smotagh@vt.edu RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 486 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.01.011 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 438QD UT WOS:000265569600013 ER PT J AU Cho, J Mostaghimi, S AF Cho, Jaepil Mostaghimi, Saied TI Dynamic agricultural non-point source assessment tool (DANSAT): Model application SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; HYDROLOGICAL MODELS; VALIDATION; RUNOFF AB The dynamic agricultural non-point source assessment tool (DANSAT) is a distributed-parameter, physically based, and continuous-simulation model for simulating spatial and temporal impacts of best management practices (BMPs) on hydrology and water quality in small agricultural watersheds. Information on the development of the model components was described in a companion paper. In this paper, the results on temporal and spatial evaluation, sensitivity analysis and application of the model are presented. DANSAT was applied to two agricultural watersheds in Virginia to evaluate the capability of model for considering impacts of temporal variations and spatial distribution of agricultural land management on hydrology and sediment. The hydrology component of DANSAT was in reasonable agreement with field results considering both the temporal and spatial variations in stream flow at a watershed scale, while the sediment component showed acceptable agreement only for the watershed where measured stream flow and sediment yield showed better relationships. Minimum adjustment was necessary to consider the internal consistency of sediment yield between sub watersheds. Sensitivity analysis showed that soil parameters such as field capacity and total porosity were sensitive for all selected output variables. Stream flow and sediment yield were commonly sensitive to the subsurface-related parameters and sediment yield was additionally sensitive to the channel-related parameters. Changes in crop rotation influenced both surface and subsurface regimes. Although the differences in total stream flow and recharge were not significant, substantial temporal and spatial variations were detected by the model. The results indicated that DANSAT could be a useful tool for watershed managers who are interested in simulating the effectiveness of spatially and temporally variable BMPs on hydrology and water quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Cho, Jaepil; Mostaghimi, Saied] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Cho, Jaepil] ARS, USDA, SEWRL, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 200 Seitz Hall 0303, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM jcho@vt.edu; smotagh@vt.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 500 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.01.012 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 438QD UT WOS:000265569600014 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Chang, PFL Lin, YH Malkus, A Gao, LY Ueng, PP AF Wang, Chih-Li Chang, Pi-Fang Linda Lin, Ying-Hong Malkus, Arkadiusz Gao, Ling-Yan Ueng, Peter P. TI Group I introns in small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU-rDNA) of cereal Phaeosphaeria species SO BOTANICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Introns; Phaeosphaeria; Phylogenetic relationships; Ribosomal RNA gene; Small subunit; Wheat ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SELF-SPLICING INTRON; TERTIARY INTERACTIONS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII; COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; P-AVENARIA; GENE; FUNGUS AB In a study of small Subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene sequences in cereal and a grass Phaeosphaeria species, group I introns were found in 9 of 10 P. avenaria f. sp. avenaria (Paa) isolates from oat (Avena saliva L.), I of 2 Phaeosphaeria sp. (P-rye) isolates (Sn48-1) from Polish rye (Secale cereale L.), I Phaeosphaeria sp. (P-dg) isolate (S-93-48) from dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and both heterothallic P a. f. sp. triticea (Pat2) isolates (ATCC26370 and ATCC26377) from foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.). There were no group I introns in wheat- and barley-biotype P. nodorum (PN-w and PN-b), homothallic P a. f. sp. triticea (Patl) and P a. f. sp. triticea (Pat3) from the state of Washington. Based on the reference 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli (accession number J01695), the intron-inserted positions of Pav.nS943, Pse.nS943, Ppa.nS1199 and Pho.nS1533 were determined to be at nt943, nt943, nt1199 and nt1533, respectively. The sizes of the introns were 362 bp for Pav.nS943 (from Paa), 363 bp for Pse.nS943 (from P-rye), 460 bp for Pho.nS1533 (from Pat2) and 383 bp for Ppa.nS1199 (P-dg). The intron-inserted position at nt1533 found in SSU-rRNA of Pat2 pathogen was newly discovered. The phylogenetic relationships based on aligned conserved secondary structure component sequences of group I introns showed that three introns from cereal Phaeosphaeria species (Pav.nS943, Pse.nS943 and Pho.nS1533) were likely affiliated with subgroup IC1 introns while Ppa.nS1199 intron from the dallis grass pathogen belonged to Subgroup IE3. C1 [Ueng, Peter P.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Chih-Li] Agr Res Inst, Dept Plant Protect, Fengshan Trop Hort Expt Stn, Kaohsiung 830, Taiwan. [Chang, Pi-Fang Linda; Lin, Ying-Hong] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. [Malkus, Arkadiusz] Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. [Gao, Ling-Yan] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Hohhot, Peoples R China. RP Ueng, PP (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Peter.Ueng@ars.usda NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD SINICA, INST PLANT MICROBIAL BIOLOGY RES CENTER BIODIVERSITY PI TAIPEI PA NANKANG, TAIPEI, 11529, TAIWAN SN 1817-406X J9 BOT STUD JI Bot. Stud. PD APR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 448WT UT WOS:000266293400003 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Arthur, FH Campbell, JF AF Toews, M. D. Arthur, F. H. Campbell, J. F. TI Monitoring Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in pilot-scale warehouses treated with beta-cyfluthrin: are residual insecticides and trapping compatible? SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE integrated pest management; stored-product insects; population monitoring; contact insecticide; sampling; pyrethroid; refugia ID SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLANS; FLOUR BEETLES COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; WETTABLE POWDER; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP; PROBE TRAPS; TENEBRIONIDAE; TEMPERATURE; TOXICITY; CONCRETE AB Integrated pest management strategies for cereal processing facilities often include both pheromone-baited pitfall traps and crack and crevice applications of a residual insecticide such as the pyrethroid cyfluthrin. In replicated pilot-scale warehouses, a 15-week-long experiment was conducted comparing population trends suggested by insect captures in pheromone-baited traps to direct estimates obtained by sampling the food patches in untreated and cyfluthrin-treated warehouses. Warehouses were treated, provisioned with food patches and then infested with all life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Food patches, both those initially infested and additional uninfested, were surrounded by cyfluthrin bands to evaluate if insects would cross the bands. Results show that insect captures correlated with population trends determined by direct product samples in the untreated warehouses, but not the cyfluthrin-treated warehouses. However, dead insects recovered from the floor correlated with the insect densities observed with direct samples in the cyfluthrin-treated warehouses. Initially, uninfested food patches were exploited immediately and after six weeks harbored similar infestation densities to the initially infested food patches. These data show that pest management professionals relying on insect captures in pheromone-baited traps in cyfluthrin-treated structures could be deceived into believing that a residual insecticide application was suppressing population growth, when the population was actually increasing at the same rate as an untreated population. C1 [Toews, M. D.; Arthur, F. H.; Campbell, J. F.] USDA ARS Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 122 S Entomol Dr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM mtoews@uga.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU USDA/CSREES (RAMP) [200551101-02358]; USDA/CSREES (PMAP) [2005-34381-15952] FX We thank Jackie Rowan, Brian Barnett, Rich Hammel, Matt Kennedy and Caleb Doll for excellent technical support. Xinzhi Ni and Robert McPherson reviewed an earlier draft and made many helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. This work was funded with partial support from USDA/CSREES (RAMP) under Agreement No. 200551101-02358 and USDA/CSREES (PMAP) under Agreement No. 2005-34381-15952. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture or the University of Georgia. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 99 IS 2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1017/S0007485308006172 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 423IS UT WOS:000264490600002 PM 18947447 ER PT J AU Alamalakala, L Skoda, SR Foster, JE AF Alamalakala, L. Skoda, S. R. Foster, J. E. TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism used for inter- and intraspecific differentiation of screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AFLP; C. hominivorax; C. macellaria; genetic similarity ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; FLY POPULATIONS DIPTERA; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; AFLP ANALYSIS; TELL US; MARKERS; LEPIDOPTERA; MACELLARIA AB Morphologically, early immature stages of the economically important pest called screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and non-pest secondary screwworms, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), are nearly indistinguishable. Correct identification is crucial to the ongoing eradication and exclusion program protecting the United States, Mexico and Central America from reinvasion of screwworms persistent in South America and the Caribbean. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) polymerase chain reaction was used to differentiate populations of C. hominivorax and to discriminate them from C. macellaria. Ten primer pairs screened for interspecific discrimination of C. hominivorax from C. macellaria showed 52 discrete bands, allowing the two species to be readily distinguished; divergent branches on resulting dendrograms showed 100% bootstrap support. C. macellaria populations grouped at the 92% level; C. hominivorax populations grouped at the 68% level. Of the 52 bands, seven were monomorphic for both species, 22 were specific to C. macellaria, ten were present only in C. hominivorax and the remaining 13 bands differentiated C. hominivorax populations. Separate studies using ten strains of C. hominivorax showed a higher level of genetic similarity within than between populations. Analyses using 72 bands (19 monomorphic bands, 53 bands grouped all ten strains at the 58% similarity level) resolved seven mutant strains from Mexico (85% similarity level); all ten strains were resolved at the 72% similarity level. Diagnostic bands were identified for species and strain identification. We conclude that AFLP can be a valuable tool for studies of interspecific and intraspecific genetic variation in screwworm populations. C1 [Skoda, S. R.] USDA ARS SRU, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Alamalakala, L.; Foster, J. E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Insect Genet Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Skoda, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS SRU, PSC 2 Box 4178, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM steve.skoda@ars.usda.gov FU Coordinated Research Project [IAEA-314-D4-RC.851.1] FX The authors wish to thank Dennis Berkebile for providing the samples used in this research and, along with David Carter, useful comments provided on an early draft. This work was part of Coordinated Research Project IAEA-314-D4-RC.851.1. This article reports the results of research; mention of a proprietary product does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for its use by USDA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 99 IS 2 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1017/S0007485308006202 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 423IS UT WOS:000264490600004 PM 19006578 ER PT J AU Knight, SS Lizotte, RE Moore, MT Smith, S Shields, FD AF Knight, S. S. Lizotte, R. E. Moore, M. T. Smith, S. Shields, F. D. TI Mississippi Oxbow Lake Sediment Quality During an Artificial Flood SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flood; Lake; Sediment quality ID HYALELLA-AZTECA; TOXICITY; ATRAZINE; FIELD; INVERTEBRATES; PRODUCTS; RIVERS; INPUT AB Surface sediment quality was assessed during a 35-day artificial flood in a shallow (< 1.5 m) oxbow lake along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, using Hyalella azteca 28-day bioassays. Seventeen pesticides were monitored in sediments before, during and after flooding, with increases in atrazine and metolachlor concentrations coinciding with two unexpected storm events, 51 and 56 mm, during and after flooding, respectively. Mean 28-day H. azteca survival was > 85% throughout this study. However, growth was affected at three sites during flooding with limited growth recovery after flooding. Patterns in observed growth impairment were associated with changes in atrazine (R (2) = 0.524) and fipronil sulfone (R (2) = 0.584) concentrations. C1 [Knight, S. S.; Lizotte, R. E.; Moore, M. T.; Smith, S.; Shields, F. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Knight, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM scott.knight@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 82 IS 4 BP 496 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s00128-009-9653-4 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 423SA UT WOS:000264514800022 PM 19183821 ER PT J AU Harrington, TB Tappeiner, JC AF Harrington, Timothy B. Tappeiner, John C., II TI Long-term effects of tanoak competition on Douglas-fir stand development SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; PACIFIC MADRONE; MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE; SOUTHWESTERN OREGON; WHITELEAF MANZANITA; PONDEROSA PINE; WEED-CONTROL; VEGETATION; SAPLINGS; GROWTH AB In 1- to 2-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) plantations near Cave Junction and Glendale, Oregon, sprout clumps of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.) and other hardwoods were removed with herbicides in April 1983 to leave relative covers of 0%, 25%, 50%, or 100% of the nontreated cover, which averaged 15%. In 1996 (Cave Junction) and 1998 (Glendale), precommercial thinning (PCT) of Douglas-fir and cutting of nonconifer woody species were operationally applied across the four densities of tanoak. In 2005, Douglas-fir in 0% relative cover of tanoak averaged 5-8 cm larger at breast height and 3-6 m taller, and had two to four times the net stand volume of those growing in 100% relative cover. From 1999 to 2005, Douglas-fir stand growth accelerated more rapidly in tanoak relative covers of 0% and 25% than in covers of 50% and 100%. Differential development of Douglas-fir and hardwoods in relative covers of 0%, 25%, and 100%, followed by selection of crop trees via PCT, resulted in three distinct stand structures: pure stands of Douglas-fir with a single canopy layer 12-16 m tall, mixed stands with overstory Douglas-fir (12 m) and midstory hardwoods (7 m), and mixed stands with a single canopy layer (8-9 m). C1 [Harrington, Timothy B.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Tappeiner, John C., II] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Harrington, TB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM tharrington@fs.fed.us FU Oregon State University FX The authors are grateful to E. Goheen for her assistance with identification of black stain root disease, to D. Patton and J. Brimble for providing site histories, and to J. Dollins, B. Korman, D. Stephens, C. Dagley, J. Gatch, and D. Gatch for assistance with field measurements. Special thanks to W. Devine, M. Newton, and M. Ritchie for providing manuscript reviews. This research was initiated with financial support from the Forestry Intensified Research program at Oregon State University. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture of any product or service. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 765 EP 776 DI 10.1139/X09-004 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 468IJ UT WOS:000267810400007 ER PT J AU Bradford, J Weishampel, P Smith, ML Kolka, R Birdsey, RA Ollinger, SV Ryan, MG AF Bradford, John Weishampel, Peter Smith, Marie-Louise Kolka, Randall Birdsey, Richard A. Ollinger, Scott V. Ryan, Michael G. TI Detrital carbon pools in temperate forests: magnitude and potential for landscape-scale assessment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ALPINE FIR FOREST; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; HUBBARD-BROOK; OLD-GROWTH; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY AB Reliably estimating carbon storage and cycling in detrital biomass is an obstacle to carbon accounting. We examined carbon pools and fluxes in three small temperate forest landscapes to assess the magnitude of carbon stored in detrital biomass and determine whether detrital carbon storage is related to stand structural properties (leaf area, aboveground biomass, primary production) that can be estimated by remote sensing. We characterized these relationships with and without forest age as an additional predictive variable. Results depended on forest type. Carbon in dead woody debris was substantial at all sites, accounting for similar to 17% of aboveground carbon, whereas carbon in forest floor was substantial in the subalpine Rocky Mountains (36% of aboveground carbon) and less important in northern hardwoods of New England and mixed forests of the upper Midwest (similar to 7%). Relationships to aboveground characteristics accounted for between 38% and 59% of the variability in carbon stored in forest floor and between 21% and 71% of the variability in carbon stored in dead woody material, indicating substantial differences among sites. Relating dead woody debris or forest floor carbon to other aboveground characteristics and (or) stand age may, in some forest types, provide a partial solution to the challenge of assessing fine-scale variability. C1 [Bradford, John; Kolka, Randall] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Weishampel, Peter] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Smith, Marie-Louise] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Birdsey, Richard A.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Ollinger, Scott V.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03820 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bradford, J (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM jbbradford@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431 FU University of Colorado at Boulder; US Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Research Station; US Forest Service Northern Global change program; NASA Carbon Cycle Science research grants [CARBON/04-0225-0191, CARBON/04-0120-0011] FX Thomas Tracy, Ann Olilla, Anna McKee, Jonah DartMcLean, Tom Hayes, Michelle Day, Jamie Neal, Sarah Silverberg, John Richardson, and Kirsty Lloyd provided valuable help with field data collection. We thank the Mountain Research Station (University of Colorado at Boulder), the Fraser Experimental Forest (US Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Research Station), and the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiment Station (US Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Research Station) for logistical support. This research was supported by funding from the US Forest Service Northern Global change program and NASA Carbon Cycle Science research grants CARBON/04-0225-0191 and CARBON/04-0120-0011. NR 65 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 802 EP 813 DI 10.1139/X09-010 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 468IJ UT WOS:000267810400011 ER PT J AU Donato, DC Fontaine, JB Campbell, JL Robinson, WD Kauffman, JB Law, BE AF Donato, Daniel C. Fontaine, Joseph B. Campbell, John L. Robinson, W. Douglas Kauffman, J. Boone Law, Beverly E. TI Conifer regeneration in stand-replacement portions of a large mixed-severity wildfire in the Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE HISTORY; TREE REGENERATION; BOREAL FOREST; WESTERN OREGON; CALIFORNIA; USA; DISTURBANCES; RECRUITMENT; SUCCESSION AB Large-scale wildfires (similar to 10(4)-10(6) ha) have the potential to eliminate seed sources over broad areas and thus may lead to qualitatively different regeneration dynamics than in small burns; however, regeneration after such events has received little study in temperate forests. Following a 200 000 ha mixed-severity wildfire in Oregon, USA, we quantified (1) conifer and broadleaf regeneration in stand-replacement patches 2 and 4 years postfire; and (2) the relative importance of isolation from seed sources (live trees) versus local site conditions in controlling regeneration. Patch-scale conifer regeneration density (72%-80% Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb). Franco)) varied widely, from 127 to 6494 stems.ha(-1). Median densities were 1721 and 1603 stems.ha(-1) 2 and 4 years postfire, respectively, i.e., similar to 12 times prefire overstory densities (134 stems.ha(-1)). Because of the complex burn mosaic, similar to 58% of stand-replacement area was <= 200 m from a live-tree edge (seed source), and similar to 81% was <= 400 m. Median conifer density exceeded 1000 stems.ha(-1) out to a distance of 400 m from an edge before declining farther away. The strongest controls on regeneration were distance to live trees and soil parent material, with skeletal coarse-grained soils supporting lower densities (133 stems.ha(-1)) than fine-grained soils (729-1492 stems.ha(-1)). Other site factors (e. g., topography, broadleaf cover) had little association with conifer regeneration. The mixed-severity fire pattern strongly influenced the regeneration process by providing seed sources throughout much of the burned landscape. C1 [Donato, Daniel C.; Campbell, John L.; Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fontaine, Joseph B.; Robinson, W. Douglas] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kauffman, J. Boone] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Donato, DC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dan.donato@oregonstate.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/M-9186-2013; OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-6515-7864; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 FU Joint Fire Sciences Program and Department of Energy [DF-FG02-04ER63917] FX We thank A. Pfleeger, D. Clay, J. Boerner, L. Reidlinger, M. Stidham, R. Linden, S. Hamilton, and W. Veber for assistance with data collection; and D. Peterson, G. Meigs, G. Riegel, J. Jones, M. Culp (Rogue River - Siskiyou National Forest), and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. J. Thompson provided invaluable assistance with GIS and R software. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the US Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the US Government. This work was facilitated by the Rogue River - Siskiyou National Forest and Medford Bureau of Land Management. Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Sciences Program and Department of Energy (DF-FG02-04ER63917). NR 50 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 41 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 823 EP 838 DI 10.1139/X09-016 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 468IJ UT WOS:000267810400013 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Martinez, G Lyons, B Long, S AF Minocha, Rakesh Martinez, Gabriela Lyons, Benjamin Long, Stephanie TI Development of a standardized methodology for quantifying total chlorophyll and carotenoids from foliage of hardwood and conifer tree species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; HIGHER-PLANTS; EXTRACTION; SOLVENTS; PIGMENTS; SPRUCE; SPECTROSCOPY; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE AB Despite the availability of several protocols for the extraction of chlorophylls and carotenoids from foliage of forest trees, information regarding their respective extraction efficiencies is scarce. We compared the efficiencies of acetone, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) over a range of incubation times for the extraction of chlorophylls and carotenoids using small amounts of unmacerated tissue. Of the 11 species studied, comparable amounts of chlorophyll were extracted by all four solvents from three species and by ethanol and DMF from nine species. In four species, acetone, ethanol, and DMF extracted comparable chlorophyll amounts, while in another two species comparable amounts were extracted by ethanol, DMSO, and DMF. In one species, ethanol extracted significantly greater amounts of chlorophyll compared with all other solvents. The brown coloration of DMSO extracts for some species compromised the calculations of chlorophylls and carotenoids, making DMSO a poor choice. Overall, extraction efficiencies of ethanol and DMF were comparable for analyzing chlorophyll concentrations. However, because DMF is more toxic than ethanol, we recommend ethanol as the better option of these two for chlorophyll extractions. On the other hand, DMF is the most efficient solvent among the four tested for the extraction of carotenoids from these species. The results presented will facilitate the design of multispecies local- and regional-scale ecological studies to evaluate forest health. Additionally, they will enable reliable comparisons of results from multiple laboratories and (or) studies that used different solvents and help validate chlorophyll estimates obtained by remote sensing. C1 [Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Martinez, Gabriela; Lyons, Benjamin] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rminocha@fs.fed.edu NR 26 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 33 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 849 EP 861 DI 10.1139/X09-015 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 468IJ UT WOS:000267810400015 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Hessman, BE Ridpath, JF Johnson, BJ Burge, LJ Kapil, S Braziel, B Kautz, K Reck, A AF Fulton, Robert W. Hessman, Bill E. Ridpath, Julia F. Johnson, Bill J. Burge, Lurinda J. Kapil, Sanjay Braziel, Barbara Kautz, Kira Reck, Amy TI Multiple diagnostic tests to identify cattle with Bovine viral diarrhea virus and duration of positive test results in persistently infected cattle SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; POSTWEANING CALVES; CAPTURE ELISA; 1B; SAMPLES; BVDV; FEEDLOT; 2A; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; PASTEURELLA AB Several tests for Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were applied to samples collected monthly from December 20, 2005, through November 27, 2006 (day 0 to day 342) from 12 persistently infected (PI) cattle with BVDV subtypes found in US cattle: BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2a. The samples included clotted blood for serum, nasal swabs, and fresh and formalin-fixed ear notches. The tests were as follows: titration of infectious virus in serum and nasal swabs; antigen-capture (AC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or ACE, on serum, nasal swabs, and fresh ear notches; gel-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of serum, nasal swabs, and fresh ear notches; immunohistochemical (IHC) testing of formalin-fixed ear notches; and serologic testing for BVDV antibodies in serum. Of the 12 animals starting the study, 3 died with mucosal disease. The ACE and IHC tests on ear notches had positive results throughout the study, as did the ACE and PCR tests on serum. There was detectable virus in nasal swabs from all the cattle throughout the study except for a few samples that were toxic to cell cultures. The serum had a virus titer >= log(10) 1.60 in all samples from all the cattle except for 3 collections from 1 animal. Although there were several equivocal results, the PCR test most often had positive results. The BVDV antibodies were due to vaccination or exposure to heterologous strains and did not appear to interfere with any BVDV test. These findings illustrate that PI cattle may be identified by several tests, but differentiation of PI cattle from cattle with acute BVDV infection requires additional testing, especially of blood samples and nasal swabs positive on initial testing. Also, calves PI with BVDV are continual shedders of infectious virus, as shown by the infectivity of nasal swabs over the 11-mo study. C1 [Fulton, Robert W.; Johnson, Bill J.; Burge, Lurinda J.; Kapil, Sanjay; Braziel, Barbara; Kautz, Kira; Reck, Amy] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Johnson, Bill J.; Kapil, Sanjay] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Hessman, Bill E.] Haskell Cty Anim Hosp, Sublette, KS 67877 USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Room 250,McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM robert.fulton@okstate.edu NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 434JZ UT WOS:000265272300007 PM 19436580 ER PT J AU Lee, JE Li, HJ Giovannucci, E Lee, IM Selhub, J Stampfer, M Ma, J AF Lee, Jung Eun Li, Haojie Giovannucci, Edward Lee, I-Min Selhub, Jacob Stampfer, Meir Ma, Jing TI Prospective Study of Plasma Vitamin B(6) and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Men SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; COLON TUMORIGENESIS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; DIETARY VITAMIN-B6; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLATE; INFLAMMATION; DISEASE; PROTEIN AB Vitamin B(6) may lower risk of colorectal cancer by preventing aberrations in one-carbon metabolism or by anti-inflammatory effects. We prospectively evaluated the association between plasma levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP; the active form of vitamin 136) and risk of colorectal cancer in a nested case-control study within the Physicians' Health Study. Among 14,916 men who provided blood specimens in 1982 to 1984, we identified 197 incident colorectal cancer cases through 2000 and individually matched them to 371 controls by age and smoking status. Plasma PLP levels were positively correlated with cold cereal intake and plasma levels of folate and vitamin B(12) (age- and smokingadjusted partial correction r = 0.28-0.48) and slightly inversely correlated with body mass index (r = -0.11) and plasma levels of homocysteine, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-of. receptor 2, and interleukin-6 (r = -0.23 to -0.14). With control for these factors and known risk factors for colorectal cancer, plasma PLP levels were significantly inversely associated with risk of colorectal cancer; compared with men in the lowest quartile, those with PLP in quartiles 2 to 4 had relative risks (95% confidence interval) of 0.92 (0.55-1.56), 0.42 (0.23-0.75), and 0.49 (0.26-0.92; P(trend) = 0.01), respectively. In conclusion, vitamin B(6) may protect against colorectal cancer independent of other one-carbon metabolites and inflammatory biomarkers. (Cancer Epiderniol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(4):1197-202) C1 [Lee, Jung Eun; Giovannucci, Edward; Stampfer, Meir; Ma, Jing] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lee, I-Min] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Giovannucci, Edward; Lee, I-Min; Stampfer, Meir] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Giovannucci, Edward; Stampfer, Meir] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Li, Haojie] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, R&D, Worldwide Epidemiol, Collegeville, PA USA. RP Lee, JE (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jung.lee@channing.harvard.edu OI Lee, Jung Eun/0000-0003-1141-878X FU NIH/National Cancer Institute [CA42182, CA100971, CA34944, CA40360, CA097193]; NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL26490, HL34595]; Prevent Cancer Foundation; United States Department of Agriculture [2006-35200-17198] FX NIH/National Cancer Institute grants CA42182 (J.E.L., M.S., J.M.) CA100971 (E.G.), CA34944, CA40360, and CA097193. NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants HL26490 and HL34595. Prevent Cancer Foundation fellowship grant (J.E.L.), United States Department of Agriculture grant 2006-35200-17198 (J.S.). NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1197 EP 1202 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1001 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 432HV UT WOS:000265125000023 PM 19336555 ER PT J AU Jang, Y Paik, JK Hyun, YJ Chae, JS Kim, JY Choi, JR Lee, SH Shin, DJ Ordovas, JM Lee, JH AF Jang, Yangsoo Paik, Jean Kyung Hyun, Yae Jung Chae, Jey Sook Kim, Ji Young Choi, Ju Ree Lee, Sang Hak Shin, Dong-Jik Ordovas, Jose M. Lee, Jong Ho TI The apolipoprotein A5-1131T > C promoter polymorphism in Koreans: Association with plasma APOA5 and serum triglyceride concentrations, LDL particle size and coronary artery disease SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE APOA5-1131T > C polymorphism; Coronary artery disease; Triglycerides; Apolipoprotein A5 concentration; LDL particle size ID HEART-DISEASE; A5 GENE; INCREASED RISK; AV GENE; PROGRESSION; CHINESE; MICE; MEN; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Background: The association between -1131T>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) and hypertriglyceridemia raised the possibility that this SNP could be related to coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Therefore, we investigated the association of this APOA5 -1131T>C SNP with circulating concentrations of APOA5. triglyceride and CAD in Koreans. Methods: CAD patients (n=741) and age-, sex-matched healthy controls (n=741) were genotyped for the APOA5 -1131T>C SNP. The main outcome measures were the odds ratio (OR) on CAD risk and lipid variables, APOA5 concentration and LDL particle size. Results: The presence of the minor allele at the -1131T>C SNP was associated with an increased risk of CAD [OR 1.34 (95% CI, 1.09-1.65), P=0.007] after adjusting for BMI, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. There was an association between the APOA5 concentration and the -1131T>C genotype in controls (T/T: 245 +/- 7 ng/ml, T/C: 220 +/- 6, C/C: 195 +/- 12; P=0.001) and CAD patients (T/T: 218 +/- 8 ng/ml, T/C: 185 +/- 7, C/C: 169 +/- 12; P<0.001). Subjects with T/C or C/C in control and CAD patient groups showed higher triglyceride than those with T/T genotype. Also, the -1131T>C polymorphism was associated with LDL particle size (P=0.003), with the T/C or C/C controls having smaller size than the TIT controls. Conclusions: The APOA5 -1131C allele is associated with reduced APOA5 concentration and with increased CAD risk. This is consistent with the observed association between the -1131C SNP, increased triglycerides as well as small LDL particle size. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paik, Jean Kyung; Hyun, Yae Jung; Chae, Jey Sook; Kim, Ji Young; Choi, Ju Ree; Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, Natl Res Lab Clin Nutrigenet Nutrigenom, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jang, Yangsoo; Lee, Sang Hak] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Div Cardiol, Ctr Cardiovasc, Seoul, South Korea. [Jang, Yangsoo; Shin, Dong-Jik] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Jang, Yangsoo; Hyun, Yae Jung; Chae, Jey Sook; Kim, Ji Young; Shin, Dong-Jik; Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Paik, Jean Kyung; Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Brain Korea Project 21, Coll Human Ecol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, Natl Res Lab Clin Nutrigenet Nutrigenom, 134 Shinchon Ding, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) [M10642120002-06N4212-00210]; Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea [R0A-2005-000-10144-0]; Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Ministry of Health Welfare [A000385]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service, US [58-1950-9-001]; NIH [HL54776] FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant (M10642120002-06N4212-00210), Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, National Research Laboratory project #R0A-2005-000-10144-0, Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, Korea Health 21 R&D Projects, Ministry of Health & Welfare (A000385), Seoul, Korea, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Grant 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service, US and NIH grant HL54776, MSD Co. Ltd., and Seoul Science Fellowship. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD APR PY 2009 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2008.12.024 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 425EB UT WOS:000264618700015 PM 19159622 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Boyle, SM Schurig, GG Sriranganathan, NN AF Olsen, S. C. Boyle, S. M. Schurig, G. G. Sriranganathan, N. N. TI Immune Responses and Protection against Experimental Challenge after Vaccination of Bison with Brucella abortus Strain RB51 or RB51 Overexpressing Superoxide Dismutase and Glycosyltransferase Genes SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WBOA GENE; EFFICACY; ANTIGEN; CATTLE; ELK AB Vaccination is a tool that could be beneficial in managing the high prevalence of brucellosis in free-ranging bison in Yellowstone National Park. In this study, we characterized immunologic responses and protection against experimental challenge after vaccination of bison with Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) or a recombinant RB51 strain overexpressing superoxide dismutase (sodC) and glycosyltransferase (wboA) genes (RB51+sodC, wboA). Bison were vaccinated with saline only or with 4.6 x 10(10) CFU of RB51 or 7.4 x 10(10) CFU of RB51+sodC, wboA (n = eight animals/treatment). Bison vaccinated with RB51 or RB51+sodC, wboA had greater (P < 0.05) antibody responses, proliferative responses, and production of gamma interferon to RB51 after vaccination than did nonvaccinates. However, bison vaccinated with RB51+sodC, wboA cleared the vaccine strain from draining lymph nodes faster than bison vaccinated with the parental RB51 strain. Immunologic responses of bison vaccinated with RB51+sodC, wboA were similar to responses of bison vaccinated with RB51. Pregnant bison were intraconjunctivally challenged in midgestation with 10(7) CFU of B. abortus strain 2308. Bison vaccinated with RB51, but not RB51+sodC, wboA vaccinates, had greater protection from abortion, fetal/uterine, mammary, or maternal infection than nonvaccinates. Our data suggest that the RB51+sodC, wboA strain is less efficacious as a calfhood vaccine for bison than the parental RB51 strain. Our data also suggest that the RB51 vaccine is a currently available management tool that could be utilized to help reduce brucellosis in free-ranging bison. C1 [Olsen, S. C.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Boyle, S. M.; Schurig, G. G.; Sriranganathan, N. N.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1128/CVI.00419-08 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 429RS UT WOS:000264938400015 PM 19176693 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Noh, SM White, SN Snekvik, KR Truscott, T Knowles, DP AF Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. Noh, Susan M. White, Stephen N. Snekvik, Kevin R. Truscott, Thomas Knowles, Donald P. TI Peripheral Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Provirus Levels Correlate with and Predict Histological Tissue Lesion Severity in Naturally Infected Sheep SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; VIRUS; MACROPHAGES; DISEASE; IMMUNODOMINANT; EXPRESSION; MONOCYTES; LOAD AB Studies were undertaken to determine whether anti-ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) antibody responses in serum or OPP provirus levels in peripheral blood associate with the degree of histologically measured tissue lesions in naturally OPPV-infected sheep. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and hematoxylin- and eosin-stained lung, mammary gland, carpal synovial membrane, and brain tissues from 11 OPPV-infected ewes (mean age of 8.6 years) and 5 OPPV-uninfected ewes (mean age of 6 years) were evaluated for lesion severity. Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) provirus levels and anti-OPPV antibody titers in peripheral blood and serum samples, respectively, were measured upon euthanasia and 3 years prior to euthanasia. Both mean peripheral OPP provirus levels and mean serum anti-surface envelope glycoprotein (anti-SU) antibody titers at the time of euthanasia were significantly higher in ewes with moderate to severe histological lesions than in ewes with no to mild histological lesions. However, although mean peripheral blood OPP provirus levels at euthanasia and 3 years prior to euthanasia significantly correlated with the highest histological lesion score for any affected tissue (two-tailed P values, 0.03 and 0.02), mean serum anti-SU antibody titers, anti-capsid antibody titers, and anti-transmembrane 90 antibody titers at euthanasia did not show a significant correlation with the highest histological lesion score for any tissue (two-tailed P values, 0.32, 0.97, and 0.18, respectively). These data are the first to show that OPP provirus levels predict and correlate with the extent of OPPV-related histological lesions in various OPPV-affected tissues. These findings suggest that peripheral OPP provirus levels quantitatively contribute more to the development of histological lesions than the systemic anti-SU antibody host immune response. C1 [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; Noh, Susan M.; White, Stephen N.; Truscott, Thomas; Knowles, Donald P.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; Noh, Susan M.; White, Stephen N.; Snekvik, Kevin R.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, Stephen N.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1128/CVI.00459-08 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 429RS UT WOS:000264938400018 PM 19261772 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK AF Cushman, Samuel A. McKelvey, Kevin S. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Use of Empirically Derived Source-Destination Models to Map Regional Conservation Corridors SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal movement; black bear; connectivity; corridor; least-cost path; Ursus americanus; Yellowstone to Yukon ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE; POPULATIONS; CARNIVORES; RATES AB The ability of populations to be connected across large landscapes via dispersal is critical to long-term viability for many species. One means to mitigate population isolation is the protection of movement corridors among habitat patches. Nevertheless, the utility of small, narrow, linear features as habitat corridors has been hotly debated. Here, we argue that analysis of movement across continuously resistant landscapes allows a shift to a broader consideration of how landscape patterns influence connectivity at scales relevant to conservation. We further argue that this change in scale and definition of the connectivity problem improves one's ability to find solutions and may help resolve long-standing disputes regarding scale and definition of movement corridors and their importance to population connectivity. We used a new method that combines empirically derived landscape-resistance maps and least-cost path analysis between multiple source and destination locations to assess habitat isolation and identify corridors and barriers to organism movement. Specifically, we used a genetically based landscape resistance model for American black bears ( Ursus americanus) to identify major movement corridors and barriers to population connectivity between Yellowstone National Park and the Canadian border. Even though western Montana and northern Idaho contain abundant public lands and the largest wilderness areas in the contiguous United States, moving from the Canadian border to Yellowstone Park along those paths indicated by modeled gene flow required bears to cross at least 6 potential barriers. Our methods are generic and can be applied to virtually any species for which reliable maps of landscape resistance can be developed. C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.; McKelvey, Kevin S.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 44 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01111.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420EP UT WOS:000264272000021 PM 19016821 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK McKelvey, KS AF Schwartz, Michael K. McKelvey, Kevin S. TI Why sampling scheme matters: the effect of sampling scheme on landscape genetic results SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; Microsatellite; Population structure; Sample design; Sampling ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DNA DIVERSITY; CANADA LYNX; INFERENCE; DISPERSAL; FLOW; ASSIGNMENT AB There has been a recent trend in genetic studies of wild populations where researchers have changed their sampling schemes from sampling pre-defined populations to sampling individuals uniformly across landscapes. This reflects the fact that many species under study are continuously distributed rather than clumped into obvious "populations". Once individual samples are collected, many landscape genetic studies use clustering algorithms and multilocus genetic data to group samples into subpopulations. After clusters are derived, landscape features that may be acting as barriers are examined and described. In theory, if populations were evenly sampled, this course of action should reliably identify population structure. However, genetic gradients and irregularly collected samples may impact the composition and location of clusters. We built genetic models where individual genotypes were either randomly distributed across a landscape or contained gradients created by neighbor mating for multiple generations. We investigated the influence of six different sampling protocols on population clustering using program STRUCTURE, the most commonly used model-based clustering method for multilocus genotype data. For models where individuals (and their alleles) were randomly distributed across a landscape, STRUCTURE correctly predicted that only one population was being sampled. However, when gradients created by neighbor mating existed, STRUCTURE detected multiple, but different numbers of clusters, depending on sampling protocols. We recommend testing for fine scale autocorrelation patterns prior to sample clustering, as the scale of the autocorrelation appears to influence the results. Further, we recommend that researchers pay attention to the impacts that sampling may have on subsequent population and landscape genetic results. C1 [Schwartz, Michael K.; McKelvey, Kevin S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU Presidential Early Career Award for Science and Engineering FX This research was supported by a Presidential Early Career Award for Science and Engineering to MKS. We thank Sam Cushman, Gordon Luikart, Fred Allendorf, and the Allendorf lab seminar group for thoughts on this work. In addition, we thank Jodi Copeland for help running simulations. We thank Jonathan Pritchard, Eric Anderson, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 61 TC 167 Z9 169 U1 5 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9622-1 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 414MV UT WOS:000263869100016 ER PT J AU Cabanillas, HE Jones, WA AF Cabanillas, H. Enrique Jones, Walker A. TI Pathogenicity of Isaria sp (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) against the sweet potato whitefly B biotype, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Entomopathogenic fungi; Whitefly ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; MICROBIAL CONTROL; ARGENTIFOLII; VIRULENCE; HOMOPTERA; INSECTICIDE; RESISTANCE; PROSPECTS; FUNGI AB The pathogenicity of a naturally occuring entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria sp., found during natural epizootics on whiteflies in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, was tested under laboratory conditions (27 degrees C, 70% RH and a photoperiod of 14:10 h light:dark). Exposure of second-, third- and fourth-instar nymphs to 20, 200 and 1000 spores/mm(2), on sweet potato leaves resulted in insect mortality. Median lethal concenterations for second-instar nymphs (72-118 spores/mm(2)) were similar to those for third-instar nymphs (101-170 spores/mm(2)), which were significantly more susceptible than fourth-instar nymphs (166-295 spores/mm(2)). The mean time to death was less for second instars (3 days) than for third instars (4 days) when exposed to 1000 spores/mm(2). Mycosis in adult whiteflies became evident after delayed infections of sweet potato whitefly caused by this fungus. These results indicate that Isaria sp. is pathogenic to B. tabaci nymphs, and to adults through delayed infections caused by this fungus. Its low lethal concenterations and high virulence against B. tabaci make this fungus a promising biocontrol agent to control whitefly. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cabanillas, H. Enrique; Jones, Walker A.] ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Cabanillas, HE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM humberto.cabanillas@art.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.015 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 421OY UT WOS:000264369400008 ER PT J AU Thomas, JE Ou, LT Allen, LH Vu, JC Dickson, DW AF Thomas, J. E. Ou, L. -T. Allen, L. H., Jr. Vu, J. C. Dickson, D. W. TI Nematode, fungi, and weed control using Telone C35 and colored plastic mulches SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Methyl bromide; 1,3-Dichloropropene; Chloropicrin; Polyethylene film; Virtually impermeable film; Nutsedge ID EMISSIONS; CYPERUS AB Methyl bromide controls three major problems in crop production: weeds, nematodes and phytopathogenic fungi. An alternative system was investigated that used various colored plastic mulches with Telone C35 (63.4% 1,3-dicloropropene, 34.7% chloropicrin, 1.9% inert ingredients), This alternative to methyl bromide was to investigate: 1) control weeds through wavelength selective plastic mulches, 2) Control fungi by chloropicrin, and 3) control weeds and nematodes by 1,3-dichloropropene. These mulches control weeds by a thickness that prevented weed penetration, especially nutsedges, by retaining phytotoxic fumigant longer, or by allowing infra-red and red light to penetrate through the film while restricting other photo synthetically active wavelengths. Infra-red and red light changed the morphology of outsedges from a hard plastic-penetrating point to a soft leafy structure that cannot tear The mulches tested were blue Virtually impermeable film (VIF), black VIF, black polyethylene film (PE), as well as blue, green, olive, brown, and metalized PE. Conclusions after a two-year study were: 1) that there was no direct correlation between the amount of light transmitted through colored mulch with tomato yield per plant, 2) that the use of fumigation with plastic mulches led to an average increase of 40% in crop yield compared to non-fumigated beds, and 3) finally, that if the grower decided not to use any pesticide, fungicide, or herbicide, then metalized PE mulch would maximize weed control and crop yield. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomas, J. E.; Ou, L. -T.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Allen, L. H., Jr.; Vu, J. C.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Dickson, D. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Thomas, JE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, 2169 McCarty Hall,POB 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM thomas@ufl.edu FU University of Florida; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX Our thanks to David Gliderian, Joan Anderson, and Maritza Romero for technical assistance. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Florida and by a CSREES grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 338 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2008.12.003 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 421OY UT WOS:000264369400009 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Perry, KR AF Kimball, Bruce A. Perry, Kelly R. TI Evaluating new protein sources for development of a deer repellent product SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Browsing; Feather meal; Hydrolysate; Wildlife damage management ID HYDROLYZED CASEIN; FLAVOR AVERSIONS AB Several protein sources were tested as deer repellents with captive deer. Black-tailed deer were offered Western redcedar seedlings treated with Corn gluten meal, feather meal, Poultry blood, hydrolyzed casein, or a control (latex sticker used for treatment proteins). After 37 days, feather meal and hydrolyzed casein provided equivalent protection against browse damage (only 23% of seedlings significantly browsed). Poultry blood provided less browse protection (44% browsed), while browse damage to seedlings treated with corn gluten meal (73% browsed) was not statistically different than the control (100% browsed). Based on the efficacy of feather meal and its low material cost, this protein hydrolysate should be investigated for Use in commercial deer repellent formulations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kimball, Bruce A.; Perry, Kelly R.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kimball, Bruce A.] Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 364 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.005 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 421OY UT WOS:000264369400013 ER PT J AU Huang, Q AF Huang, Qi TI Specific Detection and Identification of Xylella fastidiosa Strains Causing Oleander Leaf Scorch Using Polymerase Chain Reaction SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIERCES-DISEASE STRAINS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; INHABITING BACTERIA; 16S RDNA; PCR; ASSOCIATION; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; PATHOGEN AB A pair of PCR primers, QH-OLS05/QH-OLS08 specific for strains of Xylella fastidiosa causing oleander leaf scorch was developed. The primers were designed according to a DNA sequence of a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product unique to oleander strains. The PCR assay using primer pair QH-OLS05/QH-OLS08 allowed quick and simple detection and identification of oleander strains in cultured bacterium and infected plant samples. The assay also can be applied to insect samples. Specific detection and identification of oleander strains of X. fastidiosa by PCR is useful for epidemiologic and etiologic studies of oleander leaf scorch by identifying what plants and insect vectors harbor or carry this particular strain of X. fastidiosa, especially in locations where mixed natural infections by oleander and other strains of X. fastidiosa occur. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM qi.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s00284-008-9324-4 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 414MW UT WOS:000263869200020 PM 19020933 ER PT J AU Matas, AJ Gapper, NE Chung, MY Giovannoni, JJ Rose, JKC AF Matas, Antonio J. Gapper, Nigel E. Chung, Mi-Young Giovannoni, James J. Rose, Jocelyn K. C. TI Biology and genetic engineering of fruit maturation for enhanced quality and shelf-life SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MADS-BOX GENE; TOMATO FRUIT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; RIPENING MUTANTS; CANDIDATE GENES; DOWN-REGULATION; VITIS-VINIFERA; GREEN-RIPE; ETHYLENE; PROTEIN AB Commercial regulation of ripening is currently achieved through early harvest, by controlling the postharvest storage atmosphere and genetic selection for slow or late ripening varieties. Although these approaches are often effective, they are not universally applicable and often result in acceptable, but poor quality, products. With increased understanding of the molecular biology underlying ripening and the advent of genetic engineering technologies, researchers have pursued new strategies to address problems in fruit shelf-life and quality. These have been guided by recent insights into mechanisms by which ethylene and a complex network of transcription factors regulate ripening, and by an increased appreciation of factors that contribute to shelf-life, such as the fruit cuticle. C1 [Matas, Antonio J.; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gapper, Nigel E.; Chung, Mi-Young; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.] USDA ARS, Robert Holly Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rose, JKC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jr286@cornell.edu RI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/A-9325-2008 OI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/0000-0003-4348-3930 FU USDA-NRI [2007-02773, 2006-35304-17323]; NSF [05-01778, 06-06.595]; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation; New Zealand Foundation [FRST-BTPR0701] FX We acknowledge the support from USDA-NRI grants 2007-02773 and 2006-35304-17323, and the NSF Plant Genome grants 05-01778 and 06-06.595. Support was also provided by a grant to JKCR from the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, and to NEG from the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology FRST-BTPR0701. NR 54 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 44 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.02.015 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 464QT UT WOS:000267521400011 PM 19339169 ER PT J AU Waugh, R Jannink, JL Muehlbauer, GJ Ramsay, L AF Waugh, Robbie Jannink, Jean-Luc Muehlbauer, Gary J. Ramsay, Luke TI The emergence of whole genome association scans in barley SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; HORDEUM-VULGARE; SELF-FERTILIZATION; WIDE ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPE DATA; RECOMBINATION; RESISTANCE; TRAITS; REGION; COLLECTIONS AB Barley geneticists are currently using association genetics to identify and fine map traits directly in elite plant breeding material. This has been made possible by the development of a highly parallel SNP assay platform that provides sufficient marker density for genome-wide scans and linkage disequilibrium-led gene identification. By leveraging the combined resources of the barley research and breeding sectors, marker-trait associations are being identified and a renewed interest has emerged in novel strategies for barley improvement. New database and visualization tools have been developed and statistical methods adapted from human genetics to account for complexities in the datasets. Exciting early results suggest that association genetics will assume a central role in establishing genotype-to-phenotype relationships. C1 [Waugh, Robbie; Ramsay, Luke] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Waugh, R (reprint author), Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. EM Robbie.Waugh@scri.ac.uk FU Association Genetics of Elite UK Barleys [SA LINK 302/BB/D522003/1] FX RW and LR would like to acknowledge SA LINK 302/BB/D522003/1 Association Genetics of Elite UK Barleys for funding to support the development of LD-mapping in the elite UK barley genepool. GJM and J-LJ acknowledge funding from USDA-CSREES-NRI for supporting the parallel Barley CAP focusing on the US elite genepool. Special thanks go to ProfT Close and colleagues for their tireless efforts in developing the pilot and production barley OPAs. NR 36 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 20 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 218 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.12.007 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 432ED UT WOS:000265115400016 PM 19185530 ER PT J AU Rhoads, RP Fernyhough, ME Liu, X McFarland, DC Velleman, SG Hausman, GJ Dodson, MV AF Rhoads, R. P. Fernyhough, M. E. Liu, X. McFarland, D. C. Velleman, S. G. Hausman, G. J. Dodson, M. V. TI Extrinsic regulation of domestic animal-derived myogenic satellite cells II SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Satellite cells; Extrinsic regulation; Extracellular matrix; Steroids; Growth factors ID FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; SKELETAL-MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION; HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; MULTIPLICATION-STIMULATING ACTIVITY; PIG SEMITENDINOSUS MUSCLES; FOCAL ADHESION FORMATION; IGF-I; MYOBLAST PROLIFERATION; FACTOR-BETA; STEM-CELLS AB The existence of myogenic satellite cells was reported some 47 years ago, and, since that time, satellite cell research has flourished. So much new information is generated (daily) on these cells that it can be difficult for individuals to keep abreast of important issues related to their activation and proliferation, the modulation of the activity of other cell types, the differentiation of the cells to facilitate normal skeletal muscle growth and development, or to the repair of damaged myofibers. The intent of this review is to summarize new information about the extrinsic regulation of myogenic satellite cells and to provide specific mechanisms involved in altering satellite cell physiology. Where possible, examples from agriculturally important animals are used for illustrative put-poses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dodson, M. V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rhoads, R. P.; Liu, X.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Fernyhough, M. E.] Hartz Mt Corp, Secaucus, NJ 07094 USA. [McFarland, D. C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Velleman, S. G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hausman, G. J.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Stn, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu RI Rhoads, Robert/F-2861-2016 OI Rhoads, Robert/0000-0002-5205-5834 NR 176 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.12.005 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 424VL UT WOS:000264596300001 PM 19261429 ER PT J AU Taguas, EV Ayuso, JL Pena, A Yuan, Y Perez, R AF Taguas, E. V. Ayuso, J. L. Pena, A. Yuan, Y. Perez, R. TI Evaluating and modelling the hydrological and erosive behaviour of an olive orchard microcatchment under no-tillage with bare soil in Spain SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE olive trees; microcatchment; erosion; AnnAGNPS model; management ID SOURCE POLLUTION MODEL; SOUTHEAST SPAIN; RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; RATES; WATER; CONSERVATION; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; HILLSLOPE AB Despite the high risk of erosion in olive Orchards located in mountainous areas in Spain, little research has been carried out to account for the complexity and interaction of the natural processes of runoff and soil erosion on the catchment scale or small catchment scale. In this Study, a microcatchment of 6.7 ha in a mountainous area under no-tillage farming with hare soil was Set Up to record runoff and sediment. Soil erosion and runoff patterns were monitored Over a two-year period. Totally events were observed. The data were analysed, and then Used to calibrate the, AnnAGNPS model, which allowed Lis to complete the data period and describe the hydrological and erosive behaviour on a monthly and annual basis. A high variability in catchment responses was observed, due to differences in the storms and to the effect of the surface Soil moisture content. Maximum intensities of 10 and 30 min determined the final runoff Values while the total sediment leads were dependent on the rainfall depth. The impact of management on the reduction of porosity can explain the relationship between runoff and intensity in the microcatchment. However, the impact of the spatial scale meant that the transport of sediment required substantial rainfall depths to ensure a Continuous flew front the hillslopes. The results of the calibration (E > 0.60 and r > 0.75) on the event and monthly scale confirmed the applicability of AnnAGNPS to predict runoff and erosion in the microcatchment. The predicted average runoff coefficient was 3.3% for the study period and the total average Sediment loads, 1.3 Mg/ha/yr. Despite these low Values, the model Simulation Showed that much larger runoff coefficients and soil losses can be expected for periods with several consecutive years in which the annual rainfall depth was over 500 mm). The use of cover is recommended to prevent the high levels of erosion associated with these conditions. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, C1 [Taguas, E. V.; Ayuso, J. L.; Pena, A.; Perez, R.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Rural Engn, Cordoba, Spain. [Yuan, Y.] USDA ARS, NSL, Oxford, MS USA. RP Taguas, EV (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Rural Engn, Apdo 3048, Cordoba, Spain. EM ir2larue@uco.es FU Spanish Government's Ministry of Science and Technology (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia) [AGL-2002-03400]; Andalusian Government, Spain FX This research was Supported by the following Research Project: 'Integration of erosive processes in olive Orchards in mountainous areas in the province of Cadiz', (AGL-2002-03400) granted by the Spanish Government's Ministry of Science and Technology (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia). Also, this study was sponsored by Predoctoral Fellowship Programme (Becas de Formacion de Doctores en Universidades Andaluzas) of the Innovation, Science and Business Board (Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa) of the Andalusian Government, Spain. We are very grateful to Jose Zamudio and Alonso Zamucio, the owners of the farm who have allowed Lis to conduct all the surveys; to the Red del Alerta Fitosanitaria (Junta de Andalucia) which has provided meteorological data, and to Sergio Robles and Carlos Castillo who have collaborated in the fieldwork. NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 5 BP 738 EP 751 DI 10.1002/esp.1775 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 434VI UT WOS:000265301800009 ER PT J AU Alexander, JM Naylor, B Poll, M Edwards, PJ Dietz, H AF Alexander, Jake M. Naylor, Bridgett Poll, Myriam Edwards, Peter J. Dietz, Hansjoerg TI Plant invasions along mountain roads: the altitudinal amplitude of alien Asteraceae forbs in their native and introduced ranges SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROPAGULE PRESSURE; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; CENTRAL ARGENTINA; LOCAL ADAPTATION; RAPID EVOLUTION; AUSTRALIAN ALPS; NORTH-AMERICA; SWISS ALPS; DISTURBANCE; GRASSLANDS AB Studying plant invasions along environmental gradients is a promising approach to dissect the relative importance of multiple interacting factors that affect the spread of a species in a new range. Along altitudinal gradients, factors such as propagule pressure, climatic conditions and biotic interactions change simultaneously across rather small geographic scales. Here we investigate the distribution of eight Asteraceae forbs along mountain roads in both their native and introduced ranges in the Valais (southern Swiss Alps) and the Wallowa Mountains (northeastern Oregon, USA). We hypothesised that a lack of adaptation and more limiting propagule pressure at higher altitudes in the new range restricts the altitudinal distribution of aliens relative to the native range. However, all but one of the species reached the same or even a higher altitude in the new range. Thus neither the need to adapt to changing climatic conditions nor lower propagule pressure at higher altitudes appears to have prevented the altitudinal spread of introduced populations. We found clear differences between regions in the relative occurrence of alien species in ruderal sites compared to roadsides, and in the degree of invasion away from the roadside, presumably reflecting differences in disturbance patterns between regions. Whilst the upper altitudinal limits of these plant invasions are apparently climatically constrained, factors such as anthropogenic disturbance and competition with native vegetation appear to have greater influence than changing climatic conditions on the distribution of these alien species along altitudinal gradients. C1 [Alexander, Jake M.; Poll, Myriam; Edwards, Peter J.; Dietz, Hansjoerg] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Naylor, Bridgett] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Alexander, JM (reprint author), ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM jake.alexander@env.ethz.ch RI Alexander, Jake/P-2580-2014 OI Alexander, Jake/0000-0003-2226-7913 FU Swiss National Science Foundation FX We thank Catherine Parks and the La Grande Forestry and Range Laboratory for providing support in the Wallowa Mountains, and Sabine Guesewell and Kirk Moloney for statistic advice. Josephine Haase, Susan Geer and Christoph Kueffer kindly helped with fieldwork. We also thank Dick Williams and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. This project was financed by a grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation to HD. NR 69 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD APR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05605.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 444YA UT WOS:000266015600015 ER PT J AU Dickson, BG Noon, BR Flather, CH Jentsch, S Block, WM AF Dickson, Brett G. Noon, Barry R. Flather, Curtis H. Jentsch, Stephanie Block, William M. TI Quantifying the multi-scale response of avifauna to prescribed fire experiments in the southwest United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BACI design; birds; density; distance sampling; fire severity; forest structure; fuel reduction treatments; model selection; ponderosa pine; prescribed fire; restoration; scale ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; CONSERVATION; BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; WILDFIRE; ARIZONA; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT AB Landscape-scale disturbance events, including ecological restoration and fuel reduction activities, can modify habitat and affect relationships between species and their environment. To reduce the risk of uncharacteristic stand-replacing. res in the southwestern United States, land managers are implementing restoration and fuels treatments ( e. g., mechanical thinning, prescribed. re) in progressively larger stands of dry, lower elevation ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa) forest. We used a Before-After/Control-Impact experimental design to quantify the multi-scale response of avifauna to large (similar to 250-400 ha) prescribed. re treatments on four sites in Arizona and New Mexico dominated by ponderosa pine. Using distance sampling and an information-theoretic approach, we estimated changes in density for 14 bird species detected before (May-June 2002-2003) and after (May-June 2004-2005) prescribed. re treatments. We observed few site-level differences in pre- and posttreatment density, and no species responded strongly to treatment on all four sites. Point-level spatial models of individual species response to treatment, habitat variables, and. re severity revealed ecological relationships that were more easily interpreted. At this scale, pretreatment forest structure and patch characteristics were important predictors of posttreatment differences in bird species density. Five species ( Pygmy Nuthatch [Sitta pygmaea], Western Bluebird [Sialia mexicana], Steller's Jay [Cyanocitta stelleri], American Robin [Turdus migratorius], and Hairy Woodpecker [Picoides villosus]) exhibited a strong treatment response, and two of these species ( American Robin and Hairy Woodpecker) could be associated with meaningful. re severity response functions. The avifaunal response patterns that we observed were not always consistent with those reported by more common studies of wildland. re events. Our results suggest that, in the short term, the distribution and abundance of common members of the breeding bird community in Southwestern ponderosa pine forests appear to be tolerant of low- to moderate-intensity prescribed. re treatments at multiple spatial scales and across multiple geographic locations. C1 [Dickson, Brett G.; Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dickson, Brett G.; Block, William M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jentsch, Stephanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dickson, BG (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Sustainable Environm, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM brett.dickson@nau.edu RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [4156, 4852, 4251] FX This research was supported by USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station research work unit numbers 4156, 4852, and 4251. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. C. Edminster, A. Franklin, W. Romme, C. Sieg, and D. Theobald provided support, direction, and comments that were critical to this research. D. Anderson, K. Burnham, R. King, and M. Wunder provided valuable statistical support and advice. C. Breece, N. Breece, and T. Kolb developed and implemented the tree damage protocols. We thank V. Saab for involving us in the Birds and Burns Network. Many thanks to the dozens of field technicians and USDA Forest Service personnel needed to implement and complete this project. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 608 EP 621 DI 10.1890/08-0905.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420SM UT WOS:000264309500011 PM 19425425 ER PT J AU Garren, JM Strauss, SY AF Garren, Julie M. Strauss, Sharon Y. TI Population-level compensation by an invasive thistle thwarts biological control from seed predators SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological control; biological invasions; Centaurea solstitialis; compensation; constant final yield; fitness; lambda; pre-dispersal seed predation; seed limitation; self-thinning ID STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; INFLORESCENCE-FEEDING INSECTS; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; PLANT-POPULATIONS; CARDUUS-NUTANS; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ZEALAND; RECRUITMENT; DYNAMICS; LIMITATION AB Pre-dispersal seed predators are often chosen as biocontrol agents because of their high impacts on plant fitness; however, they have a mixed record in realizing decreased plant population growth. Few studies have experimentally removed agents to explore their impact on weed population growth. Here, we used manipulative experiments with invasive yellow starthistle (YST), Centaurea solstitialis, and its pre-dispersal seed predator biological control agents, primarily Eustenopus villosus, the hairy weevil, and Chaetorellia succinea, the false peacock fly, to explore how these agents affect population growth of YST. We also use additional seed augmentation experiments to mimic effects of agents on seed inputs across a range of seed and adult plant densities. We found that biocontrol agents reduced seed production by >70% and that seedling numbers were significantly related to seed inputs. However, several compensatory processes prevented effective population reduction of YST by seed predators. First, self-thinning reduced seedling numbers such that densities of plants in our agents-present and agents-absent treatments converged. Second, plots in which plants started at low density had particularly high population growth rates. In this case, plant plasticity and conservation of final yield, in which a small number of large plants produce as much seed as a large number of smaller plants occupying the same area, also provided avenues where plant populations can compensate for damage. Similarly, seed production on a per-plot basis was unchanged across a large range of YST densities. Our results suggest that at very low plant densities, biocontrol agents may reduce plant populations; however, other sources of mortality to YST ( preferably imposed after self-thinning) will be needed to reduce populations to sizes where agents can become effective tools in weed control. C1 [Garren, Julie M.; Strauss, Sharon Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Garren, Julie M.] USDA ARS EIW, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Garren, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmgarren@gmail.com RI Strauss, Sharon /J-1827-2012 FU USDA-ARS-EIW; California Agricultural Experiment Station; NSFDGE-0114432 FX This research could not have been completed without the support of Ray Carruthers and funding from the USDA-ARS-EIW, the California Agricultural Experiment Station, and NSF DGE-0114432 IGERT on Biological Invasions (S. Y. Strauss, principal investigator). We are grateful for critical comments from John Maron, Joe Ditomaso, Kevin Rice, and conversation with K. Shea. An anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. We would like to thank April Cole, Rick Lankau, Jen Lau, Adrianna Muir, Justin Weber-Stover, and Ali Weber-Stover for their invaluable field assistance, as well as Larry Dew and UCD Putah Creek Preserve for allowing us to conduct experiments on their property. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 709 EP 721 DI 10.1890/07-0646.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420SM UT WOS:000264309500019 PM 19425433 ER PT J AU Mathews, CR Bottrell, DG Brown, MW AF Mathews, Clarissa R. Bottrell, Dale G. Brown, Mark W. TI Extrafloral nectaries alter arthropod community structure and mediate peach (Prunus persica) plant defense SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ants; biological control; community structure; diversity; extrafloral nectaries; Oedophrys hilleri; peach; plant defense; Prunus persica ID ANTS; COLEOPTERA; PROTECTION; ENHANCE AB We investigated the role of extra. oral nectaries (EFNs) in mediating plant defense for newly established peach (Prunus persica) trees. We used peaches of a single cultivar ("Lovell'') that varied with respect to EFN leaf phenotype (with or without EFNs) to determine if the EFNs affected the structure of the arthropod community colonizing newly planted seedlings. We also tested if the plants producing EFNs benefited from reduced herbivory or enhanced productivity. In the first year following planting, the young peach trees with EFNs were dominated by ants, and arthropod community diversity was lower than for trees without EFNs. The young trees with EFNs harbored fewer herbivores and experienced a twofold reduction in folivory compared to trees without EFNs. Productivity was also enhanced for the trees with EFNs, which attained significantly higher rates of trunk growth, greater terminal carbon composition, and a threefold increase in buds produced in subsequent years. In the second year of the field study, ants remained numerically dominant on trees with EFNs, but arthropod community diversity was higher than for trees without EFNs. An additional study revealed that folivory rates in May increased dramatically for trees with EFNs if ants were excluded from their canopies, indicating that ants have a protective function when the perennial trees produce new leaves. However, in later months, regardless of ants' presence, the trees with EFNs suffered less folivory than trees lacking EFNs. The diversity and richness of the predator trophic group increased when ants were excluded from trees with EFNs, but overall community diversity (i.e., herbivores and predators combined) was not affected by the ants' presence. Our research indicates that the EFNs play an important role in attracting predators that protect the trees from herbivores, and the EFN host-plant characteristic should be retained in future peach cultivar selections. Furthermore, peach production programs aimed at reducing insecticide inputs should seek to incorporate peach cultivars with EFNs, to optimize the potential for naturally occurring biological control agents to protect the trees from herbivores. C1 [Mathews, Clarissa R.; Bottrell, Dale G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Mark W.] USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Mathews, CR (reprint author), Shepherd Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM cmathews@shepherd.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 722 EP 730 DI 10.1890/07-1760.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420SM UT WOS:000264309500020 PM 19425434 ER PT J AU Reeve, JD Strom, BL Rieske, LK Ayres, BD Costa, A AF Reeve, John D. Strom, Brian L. Rieske, Lynne K. Ayres, Bruce D. Costa, Arnaud TI Geographic variation in prey preference in bark beetle predators SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bark beetles; Cleridae; diet breadth; predators; switching; Trogositidae ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; GREAT-LAKES REGION; THANASIMUS-DUBIUS CLERIDAE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; IPS-PINI; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; TEMNOCHILA-VIRESCENS; PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SILHOUETTE COLOR AB 1. Bark beetles and their predators are useful systems for addressing questions concerning diet breadth and prey preference in arthropod natural enemies. These predators use bark beetle pheromones to locate their prey, and the response to different pheromones is a measure of prey preference. 2. Trapping experiments were conducted to examine geographic variation in the response to prey pheromones by two bark beetle predators, Thanasimus dubius and Temnochila virescens. The experiments used pheromones for several Dendroctonus and Ips prey species (frontalin, ipsdienol, and ipsenol) and manipulated visual cues involved in prey location (black vs. white traps). The study sites included regions where the frontalin-emitter Dendroctonus frontalis was in outbreak vs. endemic or absent. 3. There was significant geographic variation in pheromone preference for T. dubius. This predator strongly preferred a pheromone (frontalin) associated with D. frontalis at outbreak sites, while preference was more even at endemic and absent sites. No geographic variation was found in the response by T. virescens. White traps caught fewer insects than black traps for both predators, suggesting that visual cues are also important in prey location. 4. The overall pattern for T. dubius is consistent with switching or optimal foraging theory, assuming D. frontalis is a higher quality prey than Ips. The two predator species partition the prey pheromones in areas where D. frontalis is abundant, possibly to minimise competition and intraguild predation. C1 [Reeve, John D.; Costa, Arnaud] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Strom, Brian L.] USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Pineville, LA USA. [Rieske, Lynne K.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Ayres, Bruce D.] Great Lakes Inst Pine Ecosyst Res, Colfax, WI USA. RP Reeve, JD (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM jreeve@zoology.siu.edu RI Costa, Arnaud/I-6359-2012 FU USDA; SIUC; NSF [LTREB-0314215] FX This research was supported by a cooperative agreement with the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, a Faculty Research/Creative Grant from SIUC, and NSF LTREB-0314215. We thank the Kellogg Biological Station and the Daniel Boone, Homochitto, Kisatchie, and Shawnee National Forests for providing access to field sites, and J. S. Fryar and J. A. Simpson for technical assistance. K. Raffa and an anonymous reviewer provided many helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01055.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444YC UT WOS:000266015800003 ER EF