FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU BLAKEY, CA DEWALD, CL COE, EH AF BLAKEY, CA DEWALD, CL COE, EH TI CO-SEGREGATION OF THE GYNOMONOECIOUS SEX FORM1 GENE (GSF1) OF TRIPSACUM DACTYLOIDES (POACEAE) WITH MOLECULAR MARKERS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE TRIPSACUM; GSF1; EASTERN GAMAGRASS; TS2; MAIZE ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; ZEA-MAYS-L; EASTERN GAMAGRASS; LINKAGE MAP; MAIZE; INHERITANCE; POPULATION AB The only monogenic trait in Tripsacum to date was first identified in the prolific sex form variant Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. forma prolificum Dayton et Dewald. The expression of this trait is controlled by the presence of a single-gene, recessive pistillate mutation hereby designated the gynomonoecious sex form1 gene (gsf1), after the registered plant germplasm accession GSF-I (PI483447) from which it was first identified. This trait confers a high degree of feminization to the primarily male floral structure of the Tripsacum rachis. Two molecular markers were found to co-segregate with the gsf1 gene in a diploid (2n = 36) F-2 population of Tripsacum dactyloides, where the female parent (GSF-I) had been previously determined to be homozygous recessive for the gene. Phenotypic scoring data were compared with restriction fragment length polymorphism data and linkage relationships were determined. The gsf1 gene is located similar to 7 cM from tda48, a Tripsacum-derived molecular marker, and similar to 9 cM from npi286, a maize-derived molecular marker. The marker npi286 also maps within similar to 5 cM of the tassel seed2 locus (ts2) of maize, which confers a similar change in the inflorescence of the maize tassel. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BLAKEY, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 809 EP 812 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA PP627 UT WOS:A1994PP62700014 PM 18470123 ER PT J AU BUSH, AL WISE, RP RAYAPATI, PJ LEE, M AF BUSH, AL WISE, RP RAYAPATI, PJ LEE, M TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS LINKED TO GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO CROWN RUST (PUCCINIA-CORONATA) IN NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES OF HEXAPLOID OAT (AVENA-SATIVA) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GENETICS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MONOCOTS; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES ID MILDEW RESISTANCE; RFLP MARKERS; TOMATO; LOCUS; IDENTIFICATION; BARLEY; IDENTIFY; LINKAGE; RAPD; RICE AB Crown rust, perhaps the most important fungal disease of oat, is caused by Puccinia coronata. An examination of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of hexaploid oat (Avena sativa) was conducted to identify markers linked to genes for resistance to crown rust. These lines were created such that a unique resistance gene is present in each of the two recurrent parent backgrounds. The six NILs of the current study, X434-II, X466-I, and Y345 (recurrent parent C237-89) and D486, D494, and D526 (recurrent parent Lang), thus provide a pair of lines to study each of three resistance genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and resistance loci were mapped using BC1F2 populations. Three markers were found linked to a locus for resistance to crown rust race 203, the closest at 1.9 cM in line D494 and 3.8 cM in line X466-I. In lines D526 and Y345 a marker was placed 1.0 and 1.9 cM, respectively, from the locus conferring resistance to crown rust race 345, and in D486 and X434-II a marker mapped at 8.0 and 10.2 cM from the locus for resistance to rust race 264B. C1 USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP BUSH, AL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 823 EP 831 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA PP627 UT WOS:A1994PP62700016 PM 18470125 ER PT J AU BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE PALTA, JP HARBAGE, JF AF BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE PALTA, JP HARBAGE, JF TI USING DISOMIC 4X(2EBN) POTATO SPECIES GERMPLASM VIA BRIDGE SPECIES SOLANUM-COMMERSONII SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM; POTATO; GERMPLASM; CROSSABILITY ID 2N POLLEN; ACAULE; BALANCE; INTROGRESSION; EFFICIENCY; RESISTANCE; HYBRIDS; CROSSES; WILD; BITT AB The cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum Dunal has many wild related species with desirable traits. Some of these wild tetraploids have disomic chromosome pairing, ready selfing with little inbreeding depression, but have strong crossing barriers with cultivars. They hybridize most easily with 2EBN forms (which include most diploid species). Chromosome doubling to the 8x level, use of 2n gametes, use of 2n gametes of 4x-2x triploid hybrids, and embryo rescue have been proposed to overcome the crossability barrier of these species with S. tuberosum. In this study, 2x S. commersonii (cmm) was used as a bridge species with S. acaule and series Longipedicellata species. Synthetic tetraploid 4x-cmm crossed readily to disomic 4x species, resulting in fertile F-1 and F-2 hybrids. Some of these had 2n gametes, which enabled direct crossing to tuberosum, resulting in 6x hybrids. The benefits of this scheme are (i) hybrids are relatively fertile, so many progeny may be produced for selection at each step, (ii) hybridization with cmm results in 2n gametes needed for crossing to tuberosum, and breaks up restricted recombination within disomic genomes, and (iii) simple techniques and tools are employed. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BAMBERG, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,INTER REG POTATO INTRODUCT STN,4312 HWY 42,STRUGEON BAY,WI 54235, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 866 EP 870 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA PP627 UT WOS:A1994PP62700021 PM 18470128 ER PT J AU TRENT, JD SVEJCAR, TJ BLANK, RR AF TRENT, JD SVEJCAR, TJ BLANK, RR TI MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION, HYPHAL LENGTHS, AND SOIL-MOISTURE ASSOCIATED WITH 2 ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA SUBSPECIES SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; HYPHAL LENGTH; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SOIL MOISTURE; SOIL TEMPERATURE AB Mycorrhizal fungi are thought to benefit associated plant species via enhanced nutrient uptake and/or improved water relations. However, detailed descriptions of the components of mycorrhizal colonization and mycorhizal hyphal growth are not available for Artemisia tridentata. This species occupies sites characterized by relatively low levels of both soil nutrients and moisture. We studied patterns of vesicular, arbuscular, and hyphal mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal hyphal lengths, and soil moisture associated with two subspecies of A. tridentata over a 2-year period. A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana (ATV) is generally associated with more mesic and slightly higher elevation sites compared to A. tridentata ssp. tridentata (ATT). Nearly twice as much precipitation was received the first year compared to the second. In general, there were higher levels of colonization and hyphal lengths associated with ATV than with ATT. The ATV site received slightly more precipitation and was lower in available nutrients than the ATT site. Hyphal lengths and arbuscular colonization appeared more responsive to precipitation than were either vesicular or hyphal colonization. Hyphal colonization did not necessarily follow the same temporal pattern as hyphal lengths. Thus, mycorrhizal activity was greater for the subspecies that received slightly more precipitation and occupied a site lower in available nutrients. Arbuscular colonization and hyphal lengths appeared to be most closely associated with soil moisture and thus plant activity. C1 USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 54 IS 4 BP 291 EP 300 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PP039 UT WOS:A1994PP03900001 ER PT J AU SADRZADEH, SMH MEYDANI, M KHETTRY, U NANJI, AA AF SADRZADEH, SMH MEYDANI, M KHETTRY, U NANJI, AA TI HIGH-DOSE VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION HAS NO EFFECT ON ETHANOL-INDUCED PATHOLOGICAL LIVER-INJURY SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW ENGLAND DEACONESS HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP A316 EP A316 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PM556 UT WOS:A1994PM55600875 ER PT J AU LU, NP EDWARDS, JH AF LU, NP EDWARDS, JH TI POULTRY LITTER QUANTITY INFLUENCES COLLARD GROWTH IN POTS AND AFFECTS CABBAGE GROWTH AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA-OLERACEA; SOIL NUTRIENT LEVELS; DRY MATTER YIELD; RESIDUAL NUTRIENT LEVELS ID MANURE AB A greenhouse pot study was conducted with a Wynnville sandy loam surface soil to determine the influence of application rates of poultry litter (PL) on growth and nutrient uptake of collard (Brassica oleracea, Acephata Group L., cv. Champion), and the residual effects of PL on growth and nutrient uptake of cabbage (Brassica oleracea, Capitata Group L., cv. Rio Verde). PL at 0, 13,26,53, and 106 g.kg-1 was incorporated into limed (pH 6.5) and nonlimed (pH 5.2) soil. Collard plants were grown for 52 days. The residual effects of PL were evaluated by growing three successive crops of cabbage without further application of PL (total 218 days). Collard plants were severely damaged or killed within 7 days after transplanting when the application rate of PL exceeded 26 g.kg-1 soil. Maximum dry matter yield of cabbage shifted from 26 to 106 g PL/kg soil during three successive crops. After four successive growth periods, 6% to 37% of N, 3% to 62% of Ca, 20% to 120% of K, 5% to 60% of Mg, and 3% to 25% of P added through PL was removed by plants. The decrease in water-extractable K accounted for the decrease in the soil salinity. Our results suggest that application rates of PL greater-than-or-equal-to 53 g.kg-1 soil can result in elevated levels of salts and NH3 in soil, which can produce severe salt stress and seedling injury. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP LU, NP (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1143 EP 1148 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PK434 UT WOS:A1994PK43400010 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, KGV MOORE, FD ROOS, EE NATH, S SOWA, S AF DAVIDSON, KGV MOORE, FD ROOS, EE NATH, S SOWA, S TI COMPARISON OF SEED-QUALITY INDEXES RESULTING FROM SINGLE-SEED ELECTROCONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS; ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE; INITIAL SLOPE; INTERNAL SLOPE; RICHARDS FUNCTION; SEED GERMINATION ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Five seed-quality indices based on individual seed electrolyte leakage tests were evaluated. Zea mays L. seeds were soaked for 6 hours, and individual seed leachate conductivity values were obtained. A total of 100 cells were scanned, one seed per cell, at 5-minute intervals for the first 30 minutes, followed by 15-minute intervals for the remaining 330 minutes. Seeds were allowed to dry for 5 to 7 days at room temperature and then were tested for germinability at 25C for 7 days. Radicle lengths were measured after 72 hours. The Richards function was fitted to cumulative frequency distributions of muAmps to obtain internal slope (IS), mean muAmp, and median muAmp values for each scan. Initial leach rate (ILR) was estimated after fitting hyperbolic functions to muAmp vs. soak time data. Average leach rate (ALR) was also derived from fitting the Richards function to muAmp vs. soak time data. Linear regression of seed quality on IS, mean, and median pAmp values after 5 hours of imbibition yielded r2 values of 0.91, 0.81, and 0.86 for predicting viability and 0.56,0.46,0.52 for predicting radicle length. Thus, IS was the best seed quality predictor, followed closely by median and mean muAmp values. ILR and ALR were not correlated with seed quality. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP DAVIDSON, KGV (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Vanderpool, Kimberly/M-2620-2014 OI Vanderpool, Kimberly/0000-0002-8295-6553 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1158 EP 1163 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PK434 UT WOS:A1994PK43400014 ER PT J AU SANXTER, SS NISHIJIMA, KA CHAN, HT AF SANXTER, SS NISHIJIMA, KA CHAN, HT TI HEAT-TREATING SHARWIL AVOCADO FOR COLD TOLERANCE IN QUARANTINE COLD TREATMENTS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PERSEA-AMERICANA; PRECONDITIONING; COLD STORAGE; CHILLING INJURY; FRUIT FLY; HEAT STRESS; HEAT SHOCK ID STRESS AB Chilling injury symptoms were reduced when 'Sharwil' avocados (Persea americana Mill.) were held at 37 to 38C for 17 to 18 hours and then air-cooled at 20C for 4 hours before storage at 1.1C for greater-than-or-equal-to 14 days. In contrast, nonheated fruit developed severe surface discoloration and pitting. Chilling injury symptoms were reduced further when the heated fruit were stored in perforated polyethylene bags during 1.1C storage. No treatment equaled or surpassed the quality of fruit in nontreated controls. RP SANXTER, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1166 EP 1168 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PK434 UT WOS:A1994PK43400016 ER PT J AU STAHLER, MM LAWRENCE, FJ MOORE, PP MARTIN, LW VARSEVELD, GW SHEETS, WA AF STAHLER, MM LAWRENCE, FJ MOORE, PP MARTIN, LW VARSEVELD, GW SHEETS, WA TI REDGEM AND BOUNTIFUL STRAWBERRIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; FRUIT BREEDING; DISEASE RESISTANCE C1 USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PUYALLUP RES & EXTENS CTR,PUYALLUP,WA 98371. N WILLAMETTE RES & EXTENS CTR,AURORA,OR 97002. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,WASHINGTON CTY EXTENS SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP STAHLER, MM (reprint author), USDA,SCS,CTR PLANT MAT,3415 NE GRANGER AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1203 EP 1205 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PK434 UT WOS:A1994PK43400032 ER PT J AU FLERCHINGER, GN COOLEY, KR DENG, Y AF FLERCHINGER, GN COOLEY, KR DENG, Y TI IMPACTS OF SPATIALLY AND TEMPORALLY VARYING SNOWMELT ON SUBSURFACE FLOW IN A MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHED .1. SNOWMELT SIMULATION SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article AB The dominant source of streamflow in many mountainous watersheds is snowmelt recharge through shallow groundwater systems. The hydrological response of these watersheds is controlled by basin structure and spatially distributed snowmelt. The purpose of this series of two papers is to simulate spatially varying snowmelt and groundwater response in a small mountainous watershed. This paper examines the spatially and temporally variable snowmelt to be used as input to the groundwater flow modelling described in the second paper. Snowmelt simulation by the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model (a detailed process model of the interrelated heat, water and solute movement through vegetative cover, snow, residue and soil) was validated by applying the model to two years of data at three sites ranging from shallow transient snow cover on a west-facing slope to a deep snow drift on a north-facing slope. The simulated energy balances for several melt periods are presented. Snow depth, density, and the magnitude and timing of snow cover outflow were simulated well for all sites. RP FLERCHINGER, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 0 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O SARAH CAGE, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 39 IS 5 BP 507 EP 520 DI 10.1080/02626669409492771 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA PK960 UT WOS:A1994PK96000007 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ AF LOEB, MJ TI GENITAL-TRACT GROWTH-FACTORS FROM A MOTH, THE TOBACCO BUDWORM, HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE INSECT; GENITAL TRACT; GROWTH FACTORS; ECDYSTEROIDS ID FAT-BODY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; IMAGINAL DISKS; INVITRO; PURIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; SPERMDUCTS; HEMOLYMPH; FAMILY AB Development and maturation of the genital tract of the moth, Heliothis virescens, takes place within a few days in the pupal stage. The insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), essential during this period, stimulated testis sheath and fat body tissue to secrete factors that, in turn, stimulated growth and development of pupal spermducts and genital imaginal discs in vitro. Factors could be extracted in aqueous solution from tissues incubated for 24 h in media containing 1000pg/mu l 20E, and partially purified by chromatography on polyacrylamide gels. Ten active molecular weight fractions were separated from testis sheath extracts, and 9 from fat body extracts. Most fractions were labile to protease, although the activity of six of the fractions was also destroyed by lipase. Testis sheath, fat body tissue, and active fractions, caused partial development of the genital tract in vitro, as well as increased incorporation of [H-3]methionine into precipitable protein and [H-3]thymidine into nuclear material. RP LOEB, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 306,RM 319,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 30A IS 10 BP 702 EP 708 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA PP647 UT WOS:A1994PP64700012 ER PT J AU OLAND, LA OBERLANDER, H AF OLAND, LA OBERLANDER, H TI FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURED NEURONS FROM THE BRAIN OF THE MOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE ANTENNAL LOBE; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; GROWTH FACTORS ID OLFACTORY GLOMERULI; ANTENNAL LOBES; STEROID-HORMONE; GROWTH; INSECT; DROSOPHILA; AXONS; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; RADIATION AB During metamorphic adult development, neurons and glial cells in the developing olfactory (antennal) lobes of the moth undergo characteristic and extensive changes in shape. These changes depend on an interplay among these two cell types and ingrowing sensory axons. All of the direct cellular interactions occur against a background of changing steroid hormone titers. Antennal-lobe (AL) neurons dissociated from stage-5 (of 18 stages) metamorphosing animals survive at least 3 wk in primary cell culture. We describe here the morphological influences on AL neurons of (1) exposure to the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, (2) exposure to sensory axons, and (3) interactions among the AL neurons. Cultured AL neurons respond only weakly, if at all, to 20-hydroxyecdysone. They do, however, show greater total outgrowth and branching when they had been exposed in vivo to sensory axons. Because there is no direct contact between some of the neuronal types and the sensory axons at the time of dissociation, the increase in outgrowth must have been mediated via a diffusible factor(s). When AL cells (neurons and glia) are plated at high density in low volumes of medium, or when the cells are plated at low density but in the presence of medium conditioned by high-density cultures, neurite outgrowth and cell survival are increased. Nerve growth factor (NGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor-basic (bFGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF(beta)) and insulin-like growth factor (ILGF) had no obvious effect on neuronal morphology and thus are unlikely to underlie these effects. Our results suggest that the mature shape of AL neurons depends on developmental interactions among a number of diffusible factors. C1 USDA ARS, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. RP OLAND, LA (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA, ARIZONA RES LABS, DIV NEUROBIOL, 644 GOULD SIMPSON BLDG, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 30A IS 10 BP 709 EP 716 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA PP647 UT WOS:A1994PP64700013 ER PT J AU HATT, PJ MORINIERE, M OBERLANDER, H PORCHERON, P AF HATT, PJ MORINIERE, M OBERLANDER, H PORCHERON, P TI ROLES FOR INSULIN AND ECDYSTEROIDS IN DIFFERENTIATION OF AN INSECT-CELL LINE OF EPIDERMAL ORIGIN SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE INSULIN; ECDYSTEROID; DNA SYNTHESIS; CELL PROLIFERATION; INSECT CELL LINE ID LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA INSECTA; IMAGINAL DISKS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INVITRO; ORTHOPTERA; GROWTH AB During postembryonic development of insects, molting cycles affect epidermal cells with alternate periods of proliferation and differentiation, Cells of the cell line established from imaginal discs of the Indian meal moth (IAL-PID2) differentiate under the action of the molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, in a manner that is meaningful in terms of the development of the tissue from which they were derived. In particular, the hormone caused an accumulation of the cells in the G2 phase of their cycle and induced the formation of epithelial-like aggregates and the synthesis of specific proteoglycans. Recent discovery of members of the insulin superfamily in insects and the role of growth factors played by this family of molecules in vertebrates led us to check for their potential effects on IAL-PID2 cell cycle regulation. On the one hand, our results showed that insulin was involved in partial resumption of the cell cycle after an arrest caused by serum deprivation, but that other growth factors present in fetal calf serum were needed for full completion of mitosis. On the other hand, the cytostatic effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone was reversible, and, prior exposure of the cells to the hormone allowed the cells to complete one cell cycle in serum-free medium. These results suggest that the production of autocrine growth factors induced by ecdysteroids could circumvent the absence of serum. This cell culture model provides potential for further study of interactions between ecdysteroids and growth factor homologs during differentiation of insect epidermal cells. C1 ECOLE NORMALE SUPER, DEPT BIOL,BIOCHIM & BIOCHIM DEV LAB,CNRS,URA 686, F-75005 PARIS, FRANCE. USDA ARS, INSECT ATTRACTANTS LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 30A IS 10 BP 717 EP 720 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA PP647 UT WOS:A1994PP64700014 ER PT J AU LI, ZJ JARRET, RL PITTMAN, RN DEMSKI, JW AF LI, ZJ JARRET, RL PITTMAN, RN DEMSKI, JW TI SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS FROM CULTURED SEED EXPLANTS OF PEANUT (ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L) USING THIDIAZURON SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE ARACHIS SPECIES; PEANUT; ORGANOGENESIS; PLANT REGENERATION; TISSUE CULTURE; THIDIAZURON ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; CYTOKININ ACTIVITY; REGENERATION; COTYLEDONS; EMBRYOS; PLANTS; TISSUE AB Thidiazuron (TDZ) was utilized to induce adventitious shoot formation from the hypocotyl region of cultured seed explants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Excision of the radicle from seed explants was more stimulatory to shoot initiation than removal of the epicotyl alone. Removal of both the radicle and the epicotyl from seeds resulted in a 37-fold increase in the frequency of shoot production when compared to intact seeds. Half seed explants with epicotyl and radicle removed produced the greatest number of shoots per explant. Explants from mature seeds were more responsive to TDZ than immature seed-derived explants. A 1-wk exposure to 10 mu M TDZ was sufficient to stimulate the initiation of adventitious shoots that subsequently developed into plants. High frequency of shoot initiation was readily induced in a variety of genotypes of A, hypogaea and a wild peanut (A. glabrata). Plants regenerated from shoots induced by TDZ were phenotypically normal and fertile. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD OCT PY 1994 VL 30P IS 4 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA PP650 UT WOS:A1994PP65000003 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC CHEVILLE, NF AF STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC CHEVILLE, NF TI LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION IN RESPONSE TO IMMUNODOMINANT ANTIGENS OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-2308 AND RB51 IN STRAIN-2308-INFECTED CATTLE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTION; COMPLEX AB Lymphocyte proliferation in response to proteins from the Brucella abortus strain 2308 (S2308) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen-deficient mutant of S2308, strain RB51 (SRB51), was measured in S2308-infected cattle following abortion. Supramammary and superficial cervical lymph node lymphocytes from infected cattle proliferated most when incubated with 27- to 18-kDa proteins of S2308 or SRB51. Proteins of SRB51, which contained no LPS O antigens, induced lymphocyte proliferation similar to that induced by S2308 proteins, which contained LPS O antigens. These results indicate that 27- to 18-kDa proteins, but not LPS O antigens, of S2308 and SRB51 are immunodominant in S2308-infected cattle as assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assays. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 62 IS 10 BP 4646 EP 4649 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PH298 UT WOS:A1994PH29800076 PM 7523295 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC PUGH, GW AF STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC PUGH, GW TI LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION IN RESPONSE TO BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-2308 OR RB51 ANTIGENS IN MICE INFECTED WITH STRAIN-2308, RB51, OR 19 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MUTANT STRAINS; PROTECTION; VIRULENT; PROTEINS AB Lymphocyte proliferation to 22 protein fractions (106 to 18 kDa) of Brucella abortus 2308 or the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen-deficient mutant of 2308, strain RB51, was measured for 20 weeks after infection of mice with strain 2308, RB51, or 19. Throughout the 20-week study, the 22 protein fractions of 2308 and RB51 induced a similar pattern of proliferation when they were incubated with lymphocytes from the infected mice. In addition, during the 20 weeks, lymphocytes from all groups of infected mice exhibited the highest proliferation when the lymphocytes were incubated with 18-kDa or smaller proteins from either 2308 or RB51. Lymphocytes obtained from mice at 6 weeks after infection with strain RB51 or 19 exhibited similar proliferation to the 18-kDa proteins of S2308 or SRB51. Lymphocytes from strain 2308-infected mice dill not proliferate to these proteins until 10 weeks after infection, and the responses were similar to those in strain RB51-infected mice but lower than those in strain 19-infected mice. Lymphocytes obtained from mice at 20 weeks after infection with strain 19 or 2308 proliferated to most of the 22 fractions of 2308 or RB51, which contained 106- to 18-kDa proteins. However, lymphocytes obtained from strain RB51-infected mite at 20 weeks did not proliferate to any of these fractions. These results indicate that mice infected with RB51 have less-persistent lymphocyte proliferative responses to 2308 proteins than do mice infected with 2308 or 19. In addition, all 2308 proteins that stimulate lymphocyte proliferation appear to be present in RB51. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 62 IS 10 BP 4659 EP 4663 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PH298 UT WOS:A1994PH29800080 PM 7927736 ER PT J AU STRAUS, DC PURDY, CW AF STRAUS, DC PURDY, CW TI IN-VIVO PRODUCTION OF NEURAMINIDASE BY PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA A1 IN GOATS AFTER TRANSTHORACIC CHALLENGE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note AB Nine goats were injected transthoracically with Pasteurella haemolytica A1 to determine if an extracellular bacterial enzyme, neuraminidase, was produced in vivo during infection with this organism. The principal group of goats (n = 9) each received 1 ml of 7.25 x 10(5) live P. haemolytica Al cells in polyacrylate beads transthoracically in the left lung on days 0 and 21, Six goats were used as negative controls and received 0.3 g of polyacrylate beads subcutaneously in the right flank on days 0 and 21. Serum was obtained from all animals on days -4, 3, 7, 14, 21, 24, and 32. Preimmune serum from all animals showed no detectable antibody to P. haemolytica Al neuraminidase in an enzyme neutralization assay. None of the sera from the negative control animals possessed a significant antibody concentration in response to the P. haemolytica A1 neuraminidase. On day 32, serum samples from the nine infected animals possessed enzyme neutralizing activity that ranged from 62% to 100%. Anti-neuraminidase antibody could be detected as early as day 14 by the enzyme neutralization assay. These data demonstrate that the enzyme neuraminidase is produced in vivo during an active P. haemolytica A1 lobar infection. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP STRAUS, DC (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79430, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 62 IS 10 BP 4675 EP 4678 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PH298 UT WOS:A1994PH29800084 PM 7927740 ER PT J AU TULLY, JG WHITCOMB, RF ROSE, DL BOVE, JM CARLE, P SOMERSON, NL WILLIAMSON, DL EDENGREEN, S AF TULLY, JG WHITCOMB, RF ROSE, DL BOVE, JM CARLE, P SOMERSON, NL WILLIAMSON, DL EDENGREEN, S TI ACHOLEPLASMA-BRASSICAE SP-NOV AND ACHOLEPLASMA-PALMAE SP-NOV, 2 NON-STEROL-REQUIRING MOLLICUTES FROM PLANT-SURFACES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMAS AB Two mollicutes (strains 0502(T) [T = type strain] and J233(T)), which were isolated from the surfaces of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) plants or the crown tissues of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), were capable of sustained growth in serum-free (or cholesterol-free) mycoplasma broth media. Examination by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques revealed that the cells of each strain were small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic, and coccoid and that each cell was surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. No evidence of a cell wall was found. The organisms were filterable and grew rapidly in most conventional mycoplasma culture medium formulations containing horse or fetal bovine sera under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The optimum temperature for growth of both organisms was 30 degrees C, but multiplication occurred over a temperature range from 18 to 37 degrees C. Both strains catabolized glucose, but did not hydrolyze arbutin, arginine, or urea. The genome size of strain 0502(T) was 1,215 kbp, and the DNA base composition (guanine-plus-cytosine content) was 35.5 mol%. The genome size of strain J233(T) was 1,610 kbp, and the DNA base composition was 30.0 mol%. The two isolates were not serologically related to each other or to the type strains of 11 previously described Acholeplasma species. Strain 0502 (= ATCC 49388) is the type strain of Acholeplasma brassicae sp. nov., and strain J233 (= ATCC 49389) is the type strain of Acholeplasma palmae sp. nov. C1 USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NAT RESOURCES INST,CHATHAM ME4 4TB,KENT,ENGLAND. RP TULLY, JG (reprint author), NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,MYCOPLASMA SECT,BLDG 550,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 44 IS 4 BP 680 EP 684 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM262 UT WOS:A1994PM26200015 PM 7981098 ER PT J AU TULLY, JG WHITCOMB, RF HACKETT, KJ ROSE, DL HENEGAR, RB BOVE, JM CARLE, P WILLIAMSON, DL CLARK, TB AF TULLY, JG WHITCOMB, RF HACKETT, KJ ROSE, DL HENEGAR, RB BOVE, JM CARLE, P WILLIAMSON, DL CLARK, TB TI TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTIONS OF 8 NEW NON-STEROL-REQUIRING MOLLICUTES ASSIGNED TO THE GENUS MESOPLASMA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUGAR-PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; ACHOLEPLASMA-FLORUM; CLASSIFICATION; MYCOPLASMAS AB Twenty mollicute strains isolated primarily from insect hosts were characterized and arranged into eight new species in the genus Mesoplasma. Morphological examination of the organisms by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques revealed that the cells of each strain were small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic, and coccoid and that each cell was surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane,vith no evidence of a cell wall. Although the new mollicutes grew well in media containing horse or fetal bovine serum, growth in serum-free or cholesterol-free medium occurred only when the medium contained 0.04% polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween 80). The optimum temperature for growth was usually 30 degrees C, but multiplication generally occurred over a temperature range of 10 to 32 degrees C. All strains catabolized glucose. Most strains did not hydrolyze arginine or urea, although three related strains isolated from fireflies (the strain PUPA-2(T) [T = type strain] group) did hydrolyze arginine. The genome sizes ranged from 825 to 930 kbp, and the DNA base compositions (guanine-plus-cytosine contents) ranged from 26.5 to 31.6 mol%. The proposed type strains of the eight new species were not serologically related to the type strains of four other Mesoplasma species, five Entomoplasma species, 11 Acholeplasma species, and 100 Mycoplasma species and subspecies. Strain PS-1 (= ATCC 49582) is the type strain of Mesoplasma pleciae sp. nov., strain PUPA-2 (= ATCC 49581) is the type strain of Mesoplasma photuris sp. nov., strain YJS (= ATCC 43706) is the type strain of Mesoplasma syrphidae sp. nov., strain CHPA-2 (= ATCC 49578) is the type strain of Mesoplasma chauliocola sp. nov., strain ELCA-2 (= ATCC 49579) is the type strain of Mesoplasma corruscae sp. nov., strain GRUA-1 (= ATCC 49580) is the type strain of Mesoplasma grammopterae sp. nov., strain BARC 779 (= ATCC 49583) is the type strain of Mesoplasma coleopterae sp. nov., and strain BARC 857 (= ATCC 49584) is the type strain of Mesoplasma tabanidae sp. nov. C1 USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP TULLY, JG (reprint author), NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,MYCOPLASMA SECT,BLDG 550,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 44 IS 4 BP 685 EP 693 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM262 UT WOS:A1994PM26200016 PM 7726910 ER PT J AU BOEKHOUT, T KURTZMAN, CP ODONNELL, K SMITH, MT AF BOEKHOUT, T KURTZMAN, CP ODONNELL, K SMITH, MT TI PHYLOGENY OF THE YEAST GENERA HANSENIASPORA (ANAMORPH KLOECKERA), DEKKERA (ANAMORPH BRETTANOMYCES), AND EENIELLA AS INFERRED FROM PARTIAL 26S RIBOSOMAL DNA NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RNA SEQUENCES; CLASSIFICATION; DIVERGENCE; FUNGI AB Partial 26S ribosomal DNA sequences of species assigned to the genera Hanseniaspora, Kloeckera, Dekkera, Brettanomyces, and Eeniella were determined. A phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed that the genus Eeniella is derived within the genus Brettanomyces and that the genus Hanseniaspora (anamorph Kloeckera) is not closely related to the genus Dekkera (anamorph Brettanomyces). As a consequence, the name Eeniella is reduced to synonymy with the name Brettanomyces. In addition, our data do not support reassignment of certain Hanseniaspora species to the recently revived genus Kloeckeraspora. C1 USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,RES SERV,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP BOEKHOUT, T (reprint author), CENT BUR SCHIMMELCULTURES,DIV YEAST,JULIANALAAN 67,2628 BC DELFT,NETHERLANDS. RI Boekhout, Teun/F-1552-2010 OI Boekhout, Teun/0000-0002-0476-3609 NR 35 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 44 IS 4 BP 781 EP 786 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM262 UT WOS:A1994PM26200028 PM 7981104 ER PT J AU DEMILO, AB WARTHEN, JD SARDASHTI, M ODONNELL, DJ AF DEMILO, AB WARTHEN, JD SARDASHTI, M ODONNELL, DJ TI STRUCTURE CONFIRMATION OF THE 4 TRANS-ISOMERS OF CERALURE, A MEDFLY ATTRACTANT, BY NMR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CERALURE; ATTRACTANT; NMR; PROTON; C-13 ID C-13 NMR; TRIMEDLURE; ENANTIOMERS AB A series of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments were used to confirm structures of the four racemic trans isomers of ceralure, ethyl 4-(or 5)-iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a synthetic attractant for the male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Proton and carbon assignments were made on the basis NMR data obtained from 2D chemical shift correlation maps, attached proton tests, and 2D-H-1 homonuclear correlation spectroscopy. Assignments of configuration and conformation, based on NMR, for the four trans isomers of ceralure (A, B-1, B-2, and C) were consistent with assignments previously derived from a comparison of the gas chromatographic elution behavior of the trans isomers of ceralure and the traits isomer of trimedlure, 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(or 5)-chloro-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate. C1 PHILLIPS PETR CO,RES CTR,BARTLESVILLE,OK 74006. RP DEMILO, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2089 EP 2093 DI 10.1021/jf00046a004 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500004 ER PT J AU WU, YV SESSA, DJ AF WU, YV SESSA, DJ TI CONFORMATION OF BOWMAN-BIRK INHIBITOR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BOWMAN-BIRK INHIBITOR; SOYBEAN; CIRCULAR DICHROISM; CONFORMATION CHANGE ID SOYBEAN PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; INACTIVATION; IMPROVEMENT AB Bowman-Birk inhibitor, a major trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from soybean, has 71 amino acids with 7 disulfide bonds. Conformation of Bowman-Birk inhibitor in native state, after heating, and after disulfide bonds were broken by sodium metabisulfite was determined by circular dichroism. The native Bowman-Birk inhibitor has 61% beta-sheet, 38% unordered form, 1% beta-turn, and no alpha-helical structure. There was no significant change in conformation after Bowman-Birk inhibitor was heated at 80 degrees C for 1 h in phosphate buffer. There was a decrease in beta-sheet and an increase in beta-turn structure after Bowman-Birk inhibitor was heated at 80 degrees C for 1 h in sodium metabisulfite-phosphate buffer. Although the change in conformation after disulfide bonds of Bowman-Birk inhibitor were broken was statistically significant (P < 0.05), the magnitude of the change was not large. The data support Bowman-Birk inhibitor's having a stable conformation even after disulfide bonds are broken. RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2136 EP 2138 DI 10.1021/jf00046a012 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500012 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J AF CHRASTIL, J TI STICKINESS OF ORYZENIN AND STARCH MIXTURES FROM PREHARVEST AND POSTHARVEST RICE GRAINS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE RICE; PROTEIN; STARCH; INTERACTIONS; STICKINESS ID STORAGE AB Stickiness, molecular weight, binding, sulfur bridges, and amylose of isolated oryzenin (rice storage glutelin) and/or starch from preharvest and postharvest rice grains were studied. The molecular weight, amylose content, and stickiness of starch did not change significantly during preharvest ripening or postharvest storage of rice, but the stickiness of oryzenin and its mixtures with starch increased during ripening and decreased during postharvest storage. The stickiness of oryzenin or oryzenin-starch mixtures from preharvest and postharvest rice grains was related to its average molecular weight, cystine bridges, and the oryzenin-starch equilibrium binding constant. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2147 EP 2151 DI 10.1021/jf00046a014 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500014 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J ZARINS, Z AF CHRASTIL, J ZARINS, Z TI CHANGES IN PEPTIDE SUBUNIT COMPOSITION OF ALBUMINS, GLOBULINS, PROLAMINS, AND ORYZENIN IN MATURING RICE GRAINS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE RICE; MATURING; PROTEINS; PEPTIDES; SUBUNITS ID STORAGE; PROTEINS; HOMOLOGY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCUMULATION; ENDOSPERM; SEQUENCE; GLUTELIN; SEEDS AB Peptide subunit albumin, globulin, prolamin, and oryzenin (rice glutelin) preparations from preharvest maturing rice grains of U.S. Lemont (long grain) rice variety have been studied by SDS-PAGE. Relative quantitative composition of peptide subunits in albumin, globulin, prolamin, and oryzenin (rice glutelin) fractions changed significantly during maturing of rice grains. The results revealed that the synthesis of peptide subunits during maturing was uneven. The lower molecular weight subunits increased and the higher molecular weight subunits decreased between 14 and 50 days after flowering. This was especially apparent in the rice storage protein (oryzenin) fraction and resulted in a significantly lower average molecular weight of this fraction. The synthesis of intramolecular -SS- bonds was preferable to intermolecular -SS- bonds during this maturing period. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2152 EP 2155 DI 10.1021/jf00046a015 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500015 ER PT J AU WONG, DWS TILLIN, SJ HUDSON, JS PAVLATH, AE AF WONG, DWS TILLIN, SJ HUDSON, JS PAVLATH, AE TI GAS-EXCHANGE IN CUT APPLES WITH BILAYER COATINGS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE EDIBLE COATING; GAS EXCHANGE; HEADSPACE GASES; INTERNAL GASES; MINIMAL PROCESSING ID MINIMALLY PROCESSED FRUITS; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SHELF-LIFE; STORAGE; OXYGEN; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE; VEGETABLES AB Cut apple pieces coated with double layers of buffered polysaccharide/lipid showed a 50-70% reduction in the rate of CO2 evolution and about 90% decrease in C2H4 as compared with uncoated controls at similar to 23 degrees C. This substantial decline in the rates of gas evolution was attributed primarily to the diffusion barrier properties of the lipid layer and secondarily to the inhibitory effect of the ascorbate buffer which contained calcium. Internal CO2 increased and leveled off at concentrations of similar to 120 mL/L after 8 h. The internal concentration of C2H4 decreased after an initial rise and reached a low level comparable to that observed in the untreated samples after 24 h. There was similar to 50-75% reduction in the internal O-2 concentration, while the headspace O-2 showed minimal changes. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of internal CO2 accumulation and O-2 depletion may be responsible for the reduced gas exchange in the coated fruit. RP WONG, DWS (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2278 EP 2285 DI 10.1021/jf00046a037 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500037 ER PT J AU CHOI, SW SAPERS, GM AF CHOI, SW SAPERS, GM TI EFFECTS OF WASHING ON POLYPHENOLS AND POLYPHENOL OXIDASE IN COMMERCIAL MUSHROOMS (AGARICUS-BISPORUS) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MUSHROOM; WASHING; BROWNING; POLYPHENOLS; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; HYPOCHLORITE ID PSEUDOMONAS-TOLAASII; HYPOCHLORITE; TYROSINASE; CROPS AB To explain differences in browning of skin tissue between unwashed and washed mushrooms, changes in soluble phenols, major substrates of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and PPO isozymes during washing, as well as effects of sodium hpochlorite (NaOCl) on phenolic compounds in mushrooms were investigated. About 15% of the soluble phenols from the skin of mushroms, mostly gamma-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (GHB) and gamma-L-glutaminly-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB), were leached out during washing. Among four isozymes of partially purified PPO separated by native electrohoresis, the two faster migrating forms were leached out during washing. Phenolic compounds extracted from skin tissue were readily oxidized and degraded by 0.01% sodium hypochlorite. In a model system, NaOCl oxidized L-DOPA to a quinone, which turned black-brown, and degraded GHB and GDHB to unknown compounds. Darkening of washed mushrooms may be due to the reaction of a quinone derived from oxidation of L-DOPA or its derivatives by NaOCl. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2286 EP 2290 DI 10.1021/jf00046a038 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500038 ER PT J AU MCCARTY, JC HEDIN, PA AF MCCARTY, JC HEDIN, PA TI EFFECTS OF 1,1-DIMETHYLPIPERIDINIUM CHLORIDE ON THE YIELDS, AGRONOMIC TRAITS, AND ALLELOCHEMICALS OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L), A 9-YEAR STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PIX; PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR; MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE; COTTON YIELD ID BIOREGULATORS; GROWTH; PIX AB The synthetic plant growth regulator 1,1-dimethylpiperdinium chloride (mepiquat chloride, PIX) has been used worldwide to control plant height in cereals and other crops such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) over the past 15 years. In cotton, its major effect is to shorten internodes, and the result is a more compact, darker green plant. Its effect on yield has varied from season to season with small decreases as the norm. However, its continued use may still be indicated because of decreased exposure of the crop to insects and enhanced maturity (earliness). During the study period at Mississippi State from 1982 through 1992 on three different varieties, yield was reduced by 6.6 and 17.0% at the low and high application rates, respectively. Lint percent was reduced by 1.7%, while bell size and seed index were increased by 5.7 and 6.1%, respectively. Several established cotton insect allelochemicals were analyzed each year. During the period, bud (square) gossypol was increased by 10.9 and 13.7%, tannins were decreased by 1.4 and 2.6%, and flavonoids were decreased by 1.0 and 6.0% at the low and high levels, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2302 EP 2304 DI 10.1021/jf00046a041 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500041 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC AF HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC TI MULTIYEAR STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF KINETIN AND OTHER PLANT-GROWTH HORMONES ON YIELD, AGRONOMIC TRAITS, AND ALLELOCHEMICALS OF COTTON SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS; CYTOKININS; COTTON YIELD AB In recent years, a number of plant growth hormones including the synthetic cytokinin, kinetin, have been evaluated for their effects on yield and agronomic traits of various crop plants. In a series of tests conducted from 1986 to 1992, kinetin was evaluated using foliar sprays applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants in an attempt to improve yield, agronomic traits, and content of allelochemicals in the bud. For comparison, tests were conducted using kinetin riboside, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellic acid. The effects of these plant growth hormones were near zero over the 6 year period, although, in some individual tests, statistically significant differences in yield were obtained. No multiyear trends were evident. Kinetin and gibberellic acid appeared to increase bud gossypol, an established cotton allelochemical, in some years. Overall, these growth hormones appeared to be marginally effective at best for increasing yields and allelochemicals as tested. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2305 EP 2307 DI 10.1021/jf00046a042 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500042 ER PT J AU REDDY, KN LOCKE, MA BRYSON, CT AF REDDY, KN LOCKE, MA BRYSON, CT TI FOLIAR WASHOFF AND RUNOFF LOSSES OF LACTOFEN, NORFLURAZON, AND FLUOMETURON UNDER SIMULATED RAINFALL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDES; LACTOFEN; NORFLURAZON; FLUOMETURON; RUNOFF; FOLIAR WASHOFF; WATER QUALITY; PLANT RESIDUE; COVER CROP; SEDIMENT ID TILTED-BED SIMULATION; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; SULFOMETURON-METHYL; CHEMICAL RUNOFF; WEED SCIENCE; TILLAGE; TRANSPORT; EROSION; PLOTS; FORMULATION AB Lactofen [(+/-)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate] washoff from velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) foliage was investigated. Plants were sprayed with lactofen at 0.4 kg of ai ha(-1) and subjected to 2.5 cm of rainfall in 20 min at 1 and 24 h after application (HAA). At 1 HAA, in both species, over 97% of lactofen was washed off from foliage. At 24 HAA, lactofen washoff ranged from 51% to 82% in both species. Runoff losses of lactofen, norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone], and fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea] on a Bosket sandy loam soil in 2.24 m x 1.22 m x 0.25 m fiberglass runoff trays with 1.1% slope were also studied. A rainfall of 2.5 cm in 20 min at 24 HAA generated 0.8 cm of runoff and contained 3.2% of applied lactofen. However, lactofen loss in runoff was reduced by 94% with a cover crop of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). Norflurazon and fluometuron losses in runoff from no-crop residue trays were 4.4% and 0.8%, respectively, when a rainfall of 3.8 cm in 30 min was applied at 24 HAA. No runoff was observed in cover-crop residue trays. More than one-third of the total loss of all herbicides occurred in the first liter of runoff. RP REDDY, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2338 EP 2343 DI 10.1021/jf00046a049 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500049 ER PT J AU STANKER, LH KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C FRIEDMAN, M AF STANKER, LH KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C FRIEDMAN, M TI DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES THAT DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN POTATO AND TOMATO GLYCOALKALOIDS AND AGLYCONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ANTIBODIES; CHACONINE; ELISA; HPLC; IMMUNOASSAYS; MOLECULAR MODELS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; SOLANIDINE; SOLANINE; SOLASODINE; TOMATIDINE; TOMATINE; TOMATO GLYCOALKALOIDS ID STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALPHA-CHACONINE; IMMUNOASSAY; HYDROLYSIS; SOLANINE; PRODUCTS; PHASE AB A series of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that bind the potentially toxic glycoalkaloids and the corresponding aglycons found in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) has been developed. Most of these Mabs differentially bind solanidine versus the potato glycosides alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine. Some bind solanidine, alpha-solanine, and alpha-chaconine with nearly equal affinity. Others bind only solanidine, and one binds the tomato glycoside alpha-tomatine and the corresponding aglycon, tomatidine. Fifty percent inhibition of control values in a competition ELISA ranged from 2.5 to 1000 ppb. Specificity and cross-reactivity are discussed in relation to three-dimensional, computer-generated molecular models of selected alkaloids. Results of analyses of potato samples by both the ELISA and an HPLC method are given and discussed. The data suggest that these antibodies provide a basis to develop sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive immunoassays for these alkaloids in plants, processed foods, and body fluids and tissues. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP STANKER, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2360 EP 2366 DI 10.1021/jf00046a053 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PN305 UT WOS:A1994PN30500053 ER PT J AU THRONE, JE CLINE, LD AF THRONE, JE CLINE, LD TI SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SELECTED STORED-PRODUCT COLEOPTERA AROUND GRAIN STORAGES IN SOUTH-CAROLINA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BAIT PACKETS; COLEOPTERA; FLIGHT TRAPS; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY; STORED GRAIN; TRAPPING ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; CUCUJIDAE; 1-OCTEN-3-OL AB In field studies on the ecology of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais Motschulsky, an additional 19 species of Coleoptera that are stored-product pests were identified (Ahasverus advena [Walt], Araecerus fasciculatus [DeGeer], Cryptolestes ferrugineus [Stephens], Cryptolestes pusillus [Schonherr]), Cryptophagus cellaris Scopoli, Cryptophilus integer [Heer], Cynaeus angustus [LeConte], Gnatocerus cornutus [F.], Gnatocerus maxillosus [F.], Latheticus orzae Waterhouse, Litargus balteatus LeConte, Oryzaephilus surinamensis [L.], Palorus subdepressus [Wollaston], Platydema ruficorne Sturm, Rhyzopertha dominica [F.], Stegobium paniceum [L.], Tenebroides mauritanicus [L.], Tribolium castaneum [Herbst], and Typhaea stercorea [L.]). Sixteen of these species were caught on sticky traps placed at three grain storage sites in southern South Carolina over a 1-yr period. Seventeen species were present in packets baited with corn at the same storage sites over a 2-yr period. These species were most active during warmer parts of the year, except Cryptophagus cellaris. Sex ratio of the Cryptolestes spp. was skewed toward females in sticky traps and bait packets, except for C. pusillus in bait packets at one site. Sex ratio of O. surinamensis in bait packets was skewed toward females at one site, but did not differ from 1:1 at other sites. This study shows that many stored-product insects are active year-round in South Carolina, and that grain may be subject to infestation year-round. RP THRONE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 9 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 321 EP 338 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA PW769 UT WOS:A1994PW76900004 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, WP MATTHEWS, GA BUCKLEY, PM AF WILLIAMS, WP MATTHEWS, GA BUCKLEY, PM TI CONTROL OF CONTAMINATION IN CORN CALLUS-CULTURES USED FOR INSECT RESISTANCE STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; FALL ARMYWORM; SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; PYRALIDAE ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; GERMPLASM LINE; LARVAL GROWTH; NOCTUIDAE; MAIZE; REGISTRATION; BORER; GENOTYPES; TISSUE AB Bioassays using corn, Zea mays L., callus have been used successfully to differentiate among genotypes that are resistant or susceptible to leaf feeding by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar. The use of such bioassays has, however, been limited by bacterial and fungal contamination of callus cultures following their infestation with insect larvae. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether transferring callus from petri plates containing a Murashige and Skoog medium amended with sucrose, agar, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-(2,4-D), and zeatin to 30-ml plastic cups containing water agar amended with gentamicin and sorbic acid prior to infestation with fall armyworm or southwestern corn borer larvae would reduce contamination without diminishing our ability to differentiate among leaf feeding resistant and susceptible corn hybrids. We found that 62% of the callus cultures on Murashige and Skoog medium were contaminated after infestation with fall armyworm larvae while only 2% of the callus transferred to the plastic cups with water agar amended with gentamicin and sorbic acid were contaminated. Both fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer larvae fed on callus of leaf feeding resistant corn hybrids were significantly smaller than those fed on susceptible hybrids when the callus was placed in cups with water, agar, gentamicin, and sorbic acid. Transferring callus from Murashige and Skoog medium to cups with gentamicin and sorbic acid prior to infestation with insect larvae appears to satisfactorily reduce contamination without affecting the growth of larvae fed on callus. RP WILLIAMS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,CORN HOST PLANT RESISTANCE RES UNIT,BOX 9555,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA PW769 UT WOS:A1994PW76900005 ER PT J AU ZENG, F PEDERSON, GA DAVIS, FM ELLSBURY, MM AF ZENG, F PEDERSON, GA DAVIS, FM ELLSBURY, MM TI MODALITIES OF RESISTANCE OF N-2 RED-CLOVER GERMPLASM TO PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIAE) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PEA APHID; RED CLOVER; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; TRIFOLIUM-PRATENSE AB The modalities of resistance in N-2 red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) germplasm to pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were determined by conducting experiments within growth chambers for presence of antixenosis, antibiosis and/or tolerance. Two red clover cultivars, 'Tensas' and 'Redland', were used for comparisons with N-2. Pea aphids significantly preferred the susceptible red clover plants of 'Redland' and 'Tensas' over the N-2 plants when given a choice. When aphids were reared on the three clovers in a no-choice experiment, survival and fecundity were significantly lower for those reared on N-2 than for those on one or both of the susceptible clovers. No significant differences in plant growth parameters were observed among clovers when equal numbers of aphids were maintained on plants of the three clovers. The modalities of resistance operating in N-2 were found to be a combination of antixenosis and antibiosis. RP ZENG, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 349 EP 359 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA PW769 UT WOS:A1994PW76900007 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ AF MILLERIHLI, NJ TI INFLUENCE OF SLURRY PREPARATION ON THE ACCURACY OF ULTRASONIC SLURRY ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE SLURRY OPTIMIZATION; ULTRASONIC; PARTICLE SIZE; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE MASS; ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY ID SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; ERROR ANALYSIS; GFAAS AB The influence of slurry preparation on the accuracy of ultrasonic slurry electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry has been studied and this technique has been used for very accurate determinations such as the characterization of reference materials. This approach is particularly useful for characterization of the homogeneity of materials at mg and sub-mg levels. Because of the distribution of analyte between the solid and liquid phase of the slurry, a new term ('representative sample mass') is introduced to describe what portion of the mass of sample weighed out is represented by the analysis. The suitability of alternative wavelengths is demonstrated and guidelines for optimization of slurry preparation are presented. RP MILLERIHLI, NJ (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1129 EP 1134 DI 10.1039/ja9940901129 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA PM857 UT WOS:A1994PM85700009 ER PT J AU REEVE, JD CRONIN, JT STRONG, DR AF REEVE, JD CRONIN, JT STRONG, DR TI PARASITISM AND GENERATION CYCLES IN A SALT-MARSH PLANTHOPPER SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANAGRUS-DELICATUS; GENERATION CYCLES; HOST PARASITOID DYNAMICS; PLANTHOPPER; STABILITY ID PROKELISIA-MARGINATA HOMOPTERA; ANAGRUS-DELICATUS HYMENOPTERA; PATCHY ENVIRONMENTS; DISCRETE GENERATIONS; MUTUAL INTERFERENCE; HOST; DELPHACIDAE; MODELS; AGGREGATION; STABILITY AB 1. In warm climates many insects exhibit discrete generations, in the absence of obvious factors that could synchronize their age structure. It has been hypothesized that parasitoid wasps might be responsible for these oscillations in the host age structure, known as generation cycles. 2. We examine the role of the parasitoid Anagrus delicatus in the dynamics of the salt-marsh planthopper Prokelisia marginata. In particular, we evaluate the hypothesis that Anagrus contributes to the formation of generation cycles in the hopper, in the subtropical climate of Florida. 3. Two kinds of evidence are presented. First, we construct continuous-time models of the system that incorporate what is known about Anagrus foraging behaviour, the life cycles of host and parasitoid, and their movements. We then examine the behaviour of these models to determine if Anagrus has the potential to induce generation cycles. We also show how spatial variation in the risk of parasitism can generate 'pseudo-interference' in our continuous-time framework. Secondly, we examine the temporal pattern of host and parasitoid abundance, and parasitism rates in the field. If Anagrus were contributing to the formation of generation cycles, we would expect to see a characteristic pattern of abundance and mortality from parasitism. 4. Both our modelling and empirical results suggest that Anagrus contributes to generation cycles in Prokelisia. Anagrus has the theoretical prerequisites for generation cycles to occur and in the field generates a cyclic pattern of parasitism that would help induce generation cycles in the planthopper. 5. The existence of an adult host stage that is invulnerable to parasitism strongly influences the stability of our models. Without this stage Anagrus cannot fully stabilize the system, even if the risk of parasitism varies greatly from patch to patch. C1 UNIV CALIF BODEGA MARINE LAB, BODEGA BAY, CA 94923 USA. RP US FOREST SERV, POB 5500, 2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 63 IS 4 BP 912 EP 920 DI 10.2307/5268 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA PM016 UT WOS:A1994PM01600017 ER PT J AU BENNETT, GL WILLIAMS, CB AF BENNETT, GL WILLIAMS, CB TI IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC CHANGES IN BODY-COMPOSITION ON BEEF-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; BODY COMPOSITION; GENETIC CHANGE; LEAN ID CARCASS TRAITS; QUALITY; CATTLE AB Changing the body composition of beef has implications for the entire beef production system. The dynamic nature of an animal's body composition and the production system itself make predictions of the implications of genetic change in body composition difficult. The cow-calf, stocker, and feeder segments of the production system mill be affected differently. Leaner cattle tend to be slaughtered at heavier weights. Heavier weights effectively reduce composition differences of slaughter beef to less than the genetic differences. The effects of four pricing scenarios on slaughter weight and composition were evaluated for two leaner genotypes, one with no change in marbling and one with reduced marbling. A; genetic difference of 1.0 yield grade at the same carcass weight resulted in slaughter beef that differed by .4 to 1.0 yield grade because of increased slaughter weights. Separate analyses suggested the stocker segment of beef production will be least affected by changes in body composition. Genotypes that are best fitted to slaughter requirements will have the most flexibility in types of stocker systems that can be used. The cow-calf segment of beef production has several options to adapt to leaner cattle. Management to reduce nutritional stress on leaner cows may be required by some producers. Increased selection for reproductive traits in cow genotypes may be needed. An alternative to selection for reproduction is terminal crossing to partially disassociate the slaughter animal's genotype from the cow's genotype. RP BENNETT, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 72 IS 10 BP 2756 EP 2763 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PK534 UT WOS:A1994PK53400031 PM 7883637 ER PT J AU BOYER, DG FELDHAKE, CM AF BOYER, DG FELDHAKE, CM TI IDENTIFICATION OF THERMALLY HOMOGENEOUS SUBUNITS IN A STEEP APPALACHIAN PASTURE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE AB Pasture improvement in the central Appalachian region is facilitated by knowledge of spatial relationships in microclimate attributable to complex topography. A small, steep horseshoe-shaped pasture watershed, with aspects encompassing 210 degrees, in southern West Virginia was instrumented to measure microclimatic variability under low-maintenance pasture conditions and to identify thermally homogeneous subunits. Temperature measurements were made at 32 sites on a 30-m grid in the 3-ha pasture. Average two-week temperatures were measured using chemical temperature integrators located 35 cm above the ground and at 25- and 35-cm soil depths. Temperatures were measured during the growing seasons (May-September) of 1985 through 1988. Principal components analyses (PCA) were performed on the combined growing season data as well as on each year individually. The first two components delineated homogeneous areas related to topographic-induced conditions and soil water status. Topographic-induced conditions were not of the same importance from year to year. The PCA results were confirmed through the analysis of variance, which identified statistically significant similarities in group means. The identification of thermally homogeneous subunits in pasture provides useful information for making pasture management decisions that maximize forage production and conserve the soil resource. RP BOYER, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,AIRPORT RD,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1200 EP 1209 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1200:IOTHSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ691 UT WOS:A1994PJ69100006 ER PT J AU LEMLY, AD AF LEMLY, AD TI AGRICULTURE AND WILDLIFE - ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION DRAINAGE SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Review DE IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; WILDLIFE; FISHERIES; SALINIZATION; SOIL TRACE ELEMENTS; SELENIUM ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; AQUATIC BIRDS; SELENIUM; CALIFORNIA; DRAINWATER; WATER; CONTAMINANTS; SALINITY; IMPACTS AB Subsurface agricultural irrigation drainage is a wastewater with the potential to severely impact wetlands and wildlife populations. Widespread poisoning of migratory birds by drainwater contaminants has occurred in the western United States and waterfowl populations are threatened in the Pacific and Central flyways. Irrigated agriculture could produce subsurface drainage and wildlife problems in other countries because several. of the factors contributing to toxic drainwater in the western U.S.A. (e.g. marine sedimentary basins with soils containing elevated concentrations of trace elements such as selenium and molybdenum; alkaline conditions that favor the formation of water-soluble forms of trace elements; soil salinization problems that require the use of irrigation to hush away excess salts), also occur in other arid regions of the world. Proposed agricultural irrigation projects should undergo a technical review to assess water demand and supply relationships, and to determine the potential for drainage problems. Environmental assessments should be made at existing irrigation projects to determine if subsurface drainage is present or could occur in the future. Anticipating and evaluating potential problems will allow changes to be made in irrigation practices for the benefit of agriculture and wildlife. The agricultural demands on water have reduced freshwater flows and affected the quantity and quality of wetlands throughout the world for decades. Subsurface irrigation drainage is yet another threat to the precarious existence of many wildlife populations. RP LEMLY, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PK760 UT WOS:A1994PK76000001 ER PT J AU PREMAKUMAR, R LOVELESS, TM BISHOP, PE AF PREMAKUMAR, R LOVELESS, TM BISHOP, PE TI EFFECT OF AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS IN A POTENTIAL METAL-BINDING SITE OF ANFA ON EXPRESSION FROM THE ANFH PROMOTER IN AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID 2ND ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; STRUCTURAL GENES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FIXATION SYSTEM; MUTAGENESIS; PROTEINS; NIFA; DELETION AB AnfA, an activator required for transcription of the structural genes encoding nitrogenase 3 (anfHDGK) in Azotobacter vinelandii, has a potential metal-binding site [(S19)H(C21)FTGE(C26)R] in its N terminus. Growth studies and expression of an anfH-lacZ fusion in mutants containing amino acid substitutions in this site indicate that Ser-19 is not required for AnfA activity whereas Cys-21 and Cys-26 are required. Residual expression of the anfH-lacZ fusion in AnfA(-) mutants mas found to be due to activation by VnfA, the activator required for expression of genes encoding nitrogenase 2. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT MICROBIOL, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 176 IS 19 BP 6139 EP 6142 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PJ904 UT WOS:A1994PJ90400034 PM 7928978 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC HOCK, JM AF FLEET, JC HOCK, JM TI IDENTIFICATION OF OSTEOCALCIN MESSENGER-RNA IN NONOSTEOID TISSUE OF RATS AND HUMANS BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS; K-DEPENDENT PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; BONE; GENE; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CALCIFICATION AB Diseased or necrotic tissue can become calcified in a way that resembles bone. We examined soft tissues for the presence and regulation of the mRNA for the bone-associated protein, osteocalcin (OC). RNA was isolated from liver, kidney, lung, brain, muscle, and bone of young (2 months) male SD rats and analyzed for beta-actin, IGF-I, metallothionein IIa, alpha(1) collagen, calbindin-D-9k (CaBP), and OC mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All PCR products but CaBP were found in bone; CaBP was present only in duodenum, kidney, and lung. OC product was detected in all tissues; the identity of the PCR product was confirmed by sequencing. Bone OC mRNA levels were calculated to be 1000-fold higher than duodenal levels. Rats fed a 0.8% strontium diet for 7 days to drive down serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 levels [1,25(OH)(2)D-3] and then injected with 300 ng 1,25(OH)(2)D-3/100 body weight had increased duodenal CaBP (2.5-fold) and femur OC mRNA (2.2-fold) 24 h after treatment. Duodenal OC mRNA was unchanged. OC mRNA was found in nondiseased human aortae, and the amount of message was elevated in calcified aorta and calcified aortic plaques. These results demonstrate that (1) tissues other than bone have low basal expression of OC mRNA, (2) OC mRNA is not regulated by vitamin D in nonosteoid tissue, and (3) expression of OC mRNA in atherosclerotic aorta reflects a role for bone-forming cells in ectopic bone formation observed in certain disease conditions. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH DENT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. US DEPT VET AFFAIRS,OUTPATIENT CLIN,BOSTON,MA. RP FLEET, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,824 HNRCA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL48743] NR 33 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1565 EP 1573 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PJ111 UT WOS:A1994PJ11100008 PM 7817802 ER PT J AU FLATH, RA CUNNINGHAM, RT MON, TR JOHN, JO AF FLATH, RA CUNNINGHAM, RT MON, TR JOHN, JO TI MALE LURES FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (CERATITIS-CAPITATA WIED) - STRUCTURAL ANALOGS OF ALPHA-COPAENE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATTRACTANTS; MEDFLY; CERATITIS CAPITATA; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; MALE LURES; ALPHA-COPAENE; BETA-COPAENE; ALPHA-YLANGENE; BETA-YLANGENE; CYCLOSATIVENE; CYCLOCOPACAMPHENE; LONGICYCLENE; LONGIPINENE; TRANS-ALPHA-BERGAMOTENE; ANGELICA SEED OIL; ANGELICA ARCHANGELICA; ENANTIOMERS ID ISOMERS AB Nine sesquiterpenes structurally related to the potent male Mediterranean fruit fly lure (+)-alpha-copaene were tested in a series of field bioassays to determine their male medfly attractiveness relative to one another and to (+)-alpha-copaene itself. This study was carried out to determine the relative importance of the various substructure components of the (+)-alpha-copaene molecule in eliciting an attractive response in the male fly. Tests indicated that any deviation from the three-dimensional structure of (+)-alpha-copaene leads to major losses in male fly attractancy. The tested analogs fell into two groups, based on their levels of attraction: (+)-alpha-ylangene, (+)-beta-copaene, (+)-beta-ylangene, and (-)-alpha-copaene were found to be somewhat attractive, although much less so than (+)-alpha-copaene, while (+)-cyclosativene, (+)-cyclocopacamphene, (+)-longicyclene, (+)-longipinene, and (-)-trans-alpha-bergamotene were not attractive. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP FLATH, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 20 IS 10 BP 2595 EP 2609 DI 10.1007/BF02036194 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR930 UT WOS:A1994PR93000011 PM 24241834 ER PT J AU KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M WAKABAYASHI, N WATERS, RM AF KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M WAKABAYASHI, N WATERS, RM TI MOTH RESPONSES TO SELECTIVELY FLUORINATED SEX-PHEROMONE ANALOGS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; OSTRINIA NUBILALIS; 11-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; (Z)-14-FLUORO-11-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; (Z)-14,14,14,-TRIFLUORO-11-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; PHEROMONE ANALOGS; FLUORINATED ANALOGS ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; LEPIDOPTERA; RECEPTORS; ACETATE; COMPONENTS; PYRALIDAE; BEHAVIOR; INSECTS; PROBES AB Partially fluorinated analogs of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) female sex pheromone, 11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3 Z: E), having mono- and trifluorosubstitutions at the terminal carbon of the pheromone chain, mimicked the biological activity of the pheromone, while analogs with fluorine at either side of the double bond and a pentafluoro analog were essentially inactive. Comparison of the pheromonal activity of these analogs with the previously reported activity of similarly fluorinated pheromones in five other species of moths revealed an unpredictable relationship between fluorine substitution pattern and pheromone-mimicking activity. Fluorine substitution pat terns that rendered pheromonal analogs biologically inactive in the European corn borer had no detrimental influence upon pheromonal activity in other species and the converse was also true. This is evidence that the relative importance of electronic qualities of sites within a pheromone molecule differ from species to species. Furthermore, it indicates that the biochemical components (pheromone receptor proteins, binding proteins, and enzymes) that make up moth olfactory chemosensory systems must also vary structurally from species to species, despite the fact that they are involved in olfactory sensing of compounds having very similar chemical structure. RP KLUN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 20 IS 10 BP 2705 EP 2719 DI 10.1007/BF02036202 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR930 UT WOS:A1994PR93000019 PM 24241842 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA YERGEY, AL HEANEY, RP AF ABRAMS, SA YERGEY, AL HEANEY, RP TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BALANCE AND DUAL TRACER ISOTOPIC MEASUREMENTS OF CALCIUM-ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID STABLE ISOTOPES; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; HUMANS; AGE AB Calcium (Ca) absorption was measured by the balance method and the dual tracer isotopic method in 462 studies of adult women. Results for both fractional absorption and net Ca balance were similar using the 2 methods. Slightly higher values (mean difference, 0.031 +/- 0.092) were found for fractional absorption measured by the balance method than by the isotopic method. No differences in fractional absorption between the methods were seen at a fractional absorption less than 25%. Variability in the data was greater from the balance than the isotopic method. Endogenous fecal Ca excretion was directly related to Ca intake, with an estimated value of 70-80 mg/day for a Ca intake less than 200 mg/day. These findings support the usefulness and accuracy of isotope-based measures of mineral absorption. No evidence is found from these or previous data to suggest that the process of isotopic equilibration falsely increases estimates of absorption or endogenous excretion in tracer studies. Isotopic techniques allow studies of calcium absorption in diverse populations and evaluation of unique aspects of mineral metabolism not accessible through other techniques. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NICHHD, THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. CREIGHTON UNIV, OMAHA, NE 68178 USA. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-07912] NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 79 IS 4 BP 965 EP 969 DI 10.1210/jc.79.4.965 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PN872 UT WOS:A1994PN87200009 PM 7962306 ER PT J AU GUIDRY, AJ OBRIEN, CN OLIVER, SP DOWLEN, HH DOUGLASS, LW AF GUIDRY, AJ OBRIEN, CN OLIVER, SP DOWLEN, HH DOUGLASS, LW TI EFFECT OF WHOLE STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AND MODE OF IMMUNIZATION ON BOVINE OPSONIZING ANTIBODIES TO CAPSULE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAPSULE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; ANTIBODIES; OPSONIN ID HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; MAMMARY-GLAND; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INTRAMAMMARY VACCINATION; STREPTOCOCCUS-AGALACTIAE; NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; MILK; MACROPHAGES; MASTITIS AB Exopolysaccharide capsule is a major virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus because it inhibits neutrophil recognition of antibodies to highly antigenic S. aureus cell wall. To circumvent this inhibition, two modes of immunization were tested for ability to induce anticapsular opsonins. Cows were immunized at drying off and boosted on d 14 and 28 by injection of Smith diffuse S. aureus plus dextran sulfate in the area of the supramammary lymph node or intramammarily. In cows immunized in the area of the supramammary lymph node, IgG(1) and IgG(2) sera antibody titers to capsule increased and remained elevated to the end of the study, 120 d postcalving. The IgM titers increased during the dry period but declined to preimmunization levels at calving. Response of serum IgG(1) and IgM to intramammary immunization was similar to that with supramammary lymph node immunization, but more delayed and lower in magnitude. Antibodies of all four isotypes, IgG(1), IgG(2), IgA, and IgM, increased in dry secretions following immunization via lymph node. In cows immunized in the lymph node, IgG(1) antibodies remained elevated throughout the study, but IgG(2) antibodies dropped to baseline 15 d postcalving. In cows immunized intramammarily, only IgA antibodies increased significantly in lacteal secretions and remained elevated throughout the study. Immunization of cows in the lymph node during the dry period enhanced the ability of dry secretions and colostrum to support phagocytosis. RP GUIDRY, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 2965 EP 2974 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PM290 UT WOS:A1994PM29000016 PM 7836584 ER PT J AU ANDREW, SM WALDO, DR ERDMAN, RA AF ANDREW, SM WALDO, DR ERDMAN, RA TI DIRECT ANALYSIS OF BODY-COMPOSITION OF DAIRY-COWS AT 3 PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DAIRY COWS; BODY COMPOSITION; LACTATION CYCLE ID FRIESIAN COWS; LACTATION; CATTLE; COMPONENTS; WEIGHT; STATE AB Holstein cows were killed at three physiological stages, prepartum (-7 d, n = 10), early lactation (63 d, n = 7), and late lactation (269 d, n = 8), for determination of chemical composition and prediction of energy changes during lactation. Cows were weighed, slaughtered, and separated into five or six fractions, including carcass, gastrointestinal tract, mammary gland, uterus, and fetus (if present); the remainder was noncarcass. Live BW and weight of all empty body components except fat were unaffected by physiological stage. Empty body fat was reduced 42.3 kg for the early lactation cows compared with that of prepartum cows. Fat-free matter was similar across physiological stages; however, the water content of fat-free matter was greater for the prepartum and early lactation cows than for late lactation cows. In early lactation cows, the percentages of total protein were less in carcass and greater in gastrointestinal tissue than in prepartum and late lactation cows, but fat distribution was not affected. The energy values of 9.2 and 5.57 Mcal/kg for fat and protein in tissue, respectively, were determined by regression and used to apportion energy associated with fat, .925, and protein, .07, during lactation using data adjusted for ash. A maximum loss of 442 Mcal of tissue energy by approximately 77 DIM was determined by regression of empty body energy on DIM. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 33 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 3022 EP 3033 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PM290 UT WOS:A1994PM29000022 PM 7836590 ER PT J AU VAREL, VH KREIKEMEIER, KK AF VAREL, VH KREIKEMEIER, KK TI RESPONSE TO VARIOUS AMOUNTS OF ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE FERMENTATION EXTRACT ON RUMINAL METABOLISM IN CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; FIBER DEGRADATION ID BACTERIUM SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; SIMULATION TECHNIQUE RUSITEC; LACTATE UTILIZATION; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; RUMEN; CULTURE; FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; DEGRADATION AB The objective of this study was to determine whether Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract stimulated or inhibited ruminal fermentation when fed at higher than recommended doses (3 g/d). Four dietary treatments of A. oryzae fermentation extract were fed daily to six cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. For each of four periods, bromegrass hay (6% CP) with and without extract was fed for 28 d. Dacron(R) bags containing bromegrass cell walls were ruminally incubated to determine ruminal fiber degradation. The A. oryzae fermentation extract did not affect degradation of cell walls, cellulose, or hemicellulose. Total ruminal anaerobic or cellulolytic bacteria were not different among treatments; neither were the proportions of cellulolytic species, Butyrivibrio sp., Ruminococcus albus, or Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Ruminal ammonia was not different; however, total VFA were higher, and pH tended to be lower, when 27 g/d of A. oryzae fermentation extract was fed. The proportion of VFA was not different among treatments. The A. oryzae fermentation extract fed at nine times the recommended dosage did not produce any stimulatory effects, except for total VFA, and was not inhibitory or toxic to ruminal metabolism and forage fiber degradation. RP VAREL, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 3081 EP 3086 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PM290 UT WOS:A1994PM29000028 PM 7836596 ER PT J AU QUIGLEY, JD MARTIN, KR BEMIS, DA POTGIETER, LND REINEMEYER, CR ROHRBACH, BW DOWLEN, HH LAMAR, KC AF QUIGLEY, JD MARTIN, KR BEMIS, DA POTGIETER, LND REINEMEYER, CR ROHRBACH, BW DOWLEN, HH LAMAR, KC TI EFFECTS OF HOUSING AND COLOSTRUM FEEDING ON THE PREVALENCE OF SELECTED INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS IN FECES OF JERSEY CALVES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLOSTRUM; HOUSING; JERSEY ID ONTARIO HOLSTEIN HERDS; DAIRY CALF MANAGEMENT; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; MORTALITY; ASSOCIATION; MORBIDITY; ANTIBODY; DIARRHEA AB Neonatal Jersey calves (n = 96) were used to evaluate effects of housing (individual hutches or wooden pens in a barn) and colostrum feeding (calves were separated from the dam and fed 2 L of colostrum in nipple-bottles or allowed to nurse the dam for 3 d) on the prevalence of selected organisms in feces. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria were reduced, and prevalence of rotavirus tended to be reduced, when calves were housed in hutches. Prevalence of coronavirus was unaffected by treatment. Weekly prevalence of Giardia was increased when calves were left to nurse the dam for 3 d. Mean prevalence of Cryptosporidia (wk 1 to 4), Eimeria (wk 4 to 5), Giardia, rotavirus, and coronavirus (wk 1 to 5) were 34.7, 20.6, 27.1, 15.8, and 4.9%, respectively. Escherichia coli (K99 positive) were observed in 3 of 174 samples cultured. Methods of housing and colostrum feeding affected acquisition of enteropathogens in this study. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL VET MED,DEPT COMPARAT MED,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. USDA ARS,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. RP QUIGLEY, JD (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,INST AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 3124 EP 3131 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PM290 UT WOS:A1994PM29000033 PM 7836601 ER PT J AU MILLER, RH BONCZEK, RR DOWLEN, HH LANGHOLFF, W BELL, BR RICHARDSON, DO AF MILLER, RH BONCZEK, RR DOWLEN, HH LANGHOLFF, W BELL, BR RICHARDSON, DO TI DEATHS AND DISPOSALS IN LINES SELECTED FOR MILK-YIELD AND CONTROL LINES OF JERSEY CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC LINE; DEATH; DISPOSAL ID DAUGHTERS; REASONS; SIRES AB Deaths and disposals of Jerseys from birth to 120 d of first lactation during a selection experiment were summarized. Cows were randomly assigned to the high milk yield and young sire lines. Service sires were bulls with the highest estimated breeding value for milk for the high milk line and a collection of all young unproven bulls available in AI in 1967. Cattle that were unsuitable for conditions of normal herd management were candidates for culling. Culling of uncalved heifers and of lactating cows was also permitted to maintain group sizes. Culling for herd reduction was random. Culling for low milk yield was permitted after cows reached 120 d of first lactation. Death and disposal data were analyzed through 120 d of first lactation. By 120 d of first lactation; 29.6% of females born to the young sire line had died or been involuntarily removed compared with 29.8% born to the high milk yield line. Deaths were 54.8% of total losses for the high milk yield line compared with 58.4% for the young sire line. Stillbirths were a larger proportion of total losses for animals in the high milk yield line (21.4%) than for those in the young sire line (15.3%). The most frequent cause of death was scours and pneumonia during 1st mo of life for animals in both lines. Selection of sires for high milk yield does not decrease total survival rates through the early first lactation. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. USDA ARS,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 3132 EP 3136 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PM290 UT WOS:A1994PM29000034 PM 7836602 ER PT J AU NORMAN, HD WAITE, LG WIGGANS, GR WALTON, LM AF NORMAN, HD WAITE, LG WIGGANS, GR WALTON, LM TI IMPROVING ACCURACY OF THE UNITED-STATES GENETICS DATABASE WITH A NEW EDITING SYSTEM FOR DAIRY RECORDS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DAIRY; GENETICS; DATABASE; RECORD EDITING SYSTEM AB A new editing system for records used to compute USDA-DHIA genetic evaluations was developed to allow immediate and more complete checking of data. The system uses direct (immediate on-line) access to pedigree and some lactation information to evaluate new data received. Birth dates are checked against parent birth dates and dam calving dates. For most conflicts, existing data are retained, and new data are returned for correction or verification. Records for early lactation can be edited monthly, and data disposition can be determined electronically on-line through telephone access prior to submission. For July 1993 evaluations, nearly 29,000 pedigree records were rejected out of 2.0 million submitted; over 19,000 others were usable after data received were changed to agree with previous information. The most frequent reasons for questionable data in rejected pedigree records were invalid codes or information and conflicts with existing information for animal, sire, and dam identification and animal birth date. Over 158,000 lactation records of 3.2 million submitted with sire identification were rejected; 319,000 others were usable after data were updated to agree with existing information. The four most common reasons for questionable data in rejected lactation records were conflicts for sire or dam identification and animal birth date and invalid sire identification. The new system will decrease turnaround time for correcting unacceptable records. RP NORMAN, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 10 BP 3198 EP 3208 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PM290 UT WOS:A1994PM29000041 ER PT J AU MCLAUGHLIN, JR MITCHELL, ER KIRSCH, P AF MCLAUGHLIN, JR MITCHELL, ER KIRSCH, P TI MATING DISRUPTION OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, PLUTELLIDAE) IN CABBAGE - REDUCTION OF MATING AND SUPPRESSION OF LARVAL POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE; MATING DISRUPTION ID FIELD; RESISTANCE AB An 8.1-ha field of and-wk-old cabbage within an area of general cabbage production received a single treatment with 8100 m of a continuous-rope formulation of a 70:30 mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, two components of the sex pheromone of the female diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Captures of males in synthetic pheromone-baited traps, mating of laboratory-reared sentinel females, and the mated status of native moths taken from the plots demonstrated suppression of mating activity by the pheromone treatment relative to that in the control area for 9 wk. Cabbage in this farm was planted sequentially. Fifteen insecticide treatments were applied during production of the block of cabbage, planted 13 d before the pheromone-treated cabbage, and 13 applications were made to the adjacent (control) block of cabbage planted 3 d after that in the pheromone plot. Two insecticide treatments were applied to plants in the pheromone-treated block to control diamondback moth larvae resident at the time of the pheromone application, and one spray was applied to this block 10 wk later at harvest. Cabbage at the extreme perimeter of the pheromone-treated area was damaged heavily by diamondback larvae; however, larval and pupal counts throughout most of this plot remained comparable to those in the control area. Cabbage at the interior of the pheromone area was graded as U.S. no. 1 quality. The results indicate that mating disruption can be used to protect cabbage from diamondback moth if pheromones are applied to areas of at least 8.1 ha with some supplemental application of insecticide. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. PACIFIC BIOCONTROL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Kirsch, Philipp/F-5740-2011 OI Kirsch, Philipp/0000-0002-9188-5697 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1198 EP 1204 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200012 ER PT J AU SHAVER, TN BROWN, HE RAULSTON, JR AF SHAVER, TN BROWN, HE RAULSTON, JR TI MATING POTENTIAL OF FERAL-REARED AND LABORATORY-REARED EOREUMA-LOFTINI (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EOREUMA LOFTINI; MATING; PHEROMONE ID BAITED TRAPS; PHEROMONE AB When Mexican rice borers, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), were provided a surplus of mates, an average of 91.0% and 88.3% of laboratory-reared Mexican rice borer males and females, respectively, mated on the night following eclosion. Males mated as many as five times each, but only 4.3% of females mated as many as two times and none mated more than twice. Of the 250 mated feral females captured with sweep nets or light traps, none contained more than one spermatophore. Captures of feral male Mexican rice borers in pheromone traps in sugarcane fields were initiated at approximately the same time with baits of synthetic lures and virgin females. Fewer males were caught in traps baited with mated females than ones baited with either pheromone lures or virgin females (0.1 males per trap per night versus 8.9 and 4.9 males per trap per night, respectively). RP SHAVER, TN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1216 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200014 ER PT J AU LEONHARDT, BA CUNNINGHAM, RT CHAMBERS, DL AVERY, JW HARTE, EM AF LEONHARDT, BA CUNNINGHAM, RT CHAMBERS, DL AVERY, JW HARTE, EM TI CONTROLLED-RELEASE PANEL TRAPS FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS CAPITATA; ATTRACTANT; PANEL TRAPS ID TRIMEDLURE; FORMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Solid, controlled-release dispensers containing 2 g of the synthetic attractant trimedlure now are used in Jackson traps to detect the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Panel traps consisting of trimedlure mixed in a sticky substance and spread on the surfaces of a plastic panel are used to delineate the limits of discovered insect infestations in California. We describe the development of controlled-release, polymeric panels that prolong release of trimedlure and a highly attractive analog, ceralure. Attractants were incorporated in a polyethylene matrix to form panels and in a polymer coating on cardboard panels that then were evaluated by biological and chemical assay. In addition, commercial polymer matrix panels were evaluated. Field bioassay tests conducted in Hilo, HI, using released flies and in Guatemala in a natural population showed that the polyethylene matrix panel became brittle and cracked during field exposure and that release rates of the attractants were relatively low. The coated cardboard panels were stable under field conditions and yielded high fly captures for up to 6 wk. Farma Tech commercial panels containing 12.3 and 23.4 g of trimedlure remained highly attractive throughout a 134-d test in Hawaii and appear to be a long-lasting alternative to panels coated with trimedlure in Stikem. The cost of the relatively high dose of trimedlure is offset by the prolonged active life of the panel. Commercial panels from AgriSense (10 g trimedlure and 10 g ceralure) released the attractants at a slower rate and were less attractive. C1 USDA ARS,APHIS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEONHARDT, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1223 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200015 PM 7962949 ER PT J AU NEVEN, LG AF NEVEN, LG TI COMBINED HEAT-TREATMENTS AND COLD-STORAGE EFFECTS ON MORTALITY OF 5TH-INSTAR CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYDIA POMONELLA; HEAT TREATMENT; COLD STORAGE ID ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE FUMIGATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; HOT-WATER TREATMENT; QUARANTINE PROCEDURE; DESICCATION STRESS; STONE FRUITS; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; PAPAYA; HARDINESS AB Combined heat treatments and cold storage have potential as a quarantine treatment for fifth instar of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Larvae were subjected to heat treatments of 43, 44, or 45 degrees C for 30 min, followed by cold storage at 5 or 0 degrees C for up to 28 d. Combinations of these treatments increased larval mortality compared with either treatment alone. Mortality increased with increasing intensity of heat treatment and duration of cold storage. Combination treatments could be effective in commodities, such as apples and pears, which can endure short periods of heat stress and prolonged cold storage. RP NEVEN, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSECTS RES LAB,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1262 EP 1265 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200021 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, VY HATCHETT, JH MILLER, GT AF YOKOYAMA, VY HATCHETT, JH MILLER, GT TI HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) MORTALITY RELATED TO MOISTURE, SEASON, TEMPERATURE, AND HARVESTING PRACTICES FOR COMPRESSED AND FUMIGATED HAY EXPORTED TO JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAYETIOLA DESTRUCTOR; QUARANTINE; HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE AB A significant reduction in mortality of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), puparia was related to moistening infested wheat seedlings with water before exposure to a multiple-quarantine treatment of compression (72 g/cm(2)) and hydrogen phosphide (60 g/28.3 m(3) aluminum phosphide) fumigation for 7 d in compressed hay for export to Japan. Mortality of puparia in laboratory tests was higher after a 3-wk exposure and significantly higher after exposures of 1, 2, and 4 wk to simulated summer (28 degrees C days, 22.5 degrees C nights; photoperiod of 12:12 [L:D] h; and 42-45% RH) versus simulated spring-fall conditions (25 degrees C days, 12.5 degrees C nights; photoperiod of 12:12 [L:D] h; and 60-65% RH) in laboratory tests. Mortality was higher in puparia exposed for 3-4 d than in those exposed for 1 d to 32.1, 34.9, or 37.7 degrees C days, 23.8 degrees C nights; and a photoperiod of 10:14 (L:D) h in laboratory tests. Hessian fly puparia did not survive field drying alone or in combination with any hay-harvesting practice including windrowing, baling, curing, or compression under normal seasonal temperatures in the field. We propose exposure of infested wheat seedlings to 25 degrees C for 7 d before treatment as a method to fulfill regulatory agency requirements of no survivors in large-scale tests. RP YOKOYAMA, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1266 EP 1271 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200022 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, VY HATCHETT, JH MILLER, GT HARTSELL, PL AF YOKOYAMA, VY HATCHETT, JH MILLER, GT HARTSELL, PL TI HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE RESIDUES AND EFFICACY TO CONTROL HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN COMPRESSED HAY FOR EXPORT TO JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAYETIOLA DESTRUCTOR; FUMIGATION; QUARANTINE ID METHYL-BROMIDE; FUMIGATION AB The response of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), puparia to 0.9-6.4 g/m(3) aluminum phosphide showed that higher mortality occurred at 20.0 degrees C for 3 d at all doses tested than at 15.6 degrees C for 4 d and that higher mortality was related to higher fumigant concentrations. A linear relation between dose and mortality was observed for both temperatures and durations tested, but complete mortality was not attained. The range in fumigant concentrations and mortality in all dose-response tests was 92.9-620.8 ppm and 85.6-99.3%, respectively. We attributed high mortality at the lower doses tested to desiccation of the puparia in the fumigation chamber. A large-scale test of the multiple-quarantine treatment that included compression (80 kg/cm(2)) and hydrogen phosphide fumigation (60 g/28.3 m(3) aluminum phosphide) for 7 d at a constant mean temperature of 17.6 degrees C or above to control Hessian By puparia in compressed timothy hay, Phleum pratense, loaded in freight containers for export to Japan resulted in 118 survivors in 54,593 insects tested (99.784% mortality). Significantly higher numbers of puparia survived the treatment in the front bottom row of the freight container, where lower fumigant concentrations occurred. Copper-plate corrosion values, bale temperatures, and fumigant concentrations were similar throughout the freight container. Hydrogen phosphide residues 1 d after fumigation and overnight aeration in previous large-scale tests with six species of hay and in the large-scale test with timothy hay resulted in residues below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tolerance of 0.1 ppm. RP YOKOYAMA, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1272 EP 1277 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200023 ER PT J AU BYERS, RA CALVIN, DD AF BYERS, RA CALVIN, DD TI ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS TO FIELD CORN FROM SLUG (STYLOMMATOPHORA, AGROLIMACIDAE) FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEROCERAS RETICULATUM; MOLLUSCA; CORN AB Slugs are important corn pests, but little is known about how their feeding on corn seedlings affects grain yields. Individual corn plants were infested with juvenile slugs, Deroceras reticulatum (Mueller), at four densities at the following three stages of growth: before seedling emergence and at the two- and four-leaf stage. Feeding injury to corn seedlings by slugs was scored visually for leaf area loss. Yield of roots, stalks, and grain (Y) was regressed against maximum injury estimates (X). Considerable plant mortality resulted from the highest slug density (5010.1 m(2)) in 1989. Therefore, lower initial densities (up to 20/0.1 m(2)) were used in the following 2 yr to study the effects of sublethal injury. Less plant mortality resulted from the lower initial slug densities used in 1990 and 1991. A significant linear relationship between yield of grain and maximum leaf injury occurred in 1989. A quadratic regression equation best described significant losses in grain yield from slug feeding in the combined years of 1990 and 1991. The linear and quadratic equations were used to establish economic injury levels (EILs) relative to the cost of slug control and the value of the corn crop. EILs ranged from 2 to 20% defoliation by slugs in 1989, which was a warm, wet season. EILs ranged from 39 to 59% defoliation by slugs in the combined years 1990-1991, which was characterized as cool and dry in 1990 and warm and dry in 1991. RP BYERS, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1350 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200033 ER PT J AU DOWDY, AK MCGAUGHEY, WH AF DOWDY, AK MCGAUGHEY, WH TI SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS IN AND AROUND FARM-STORED WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MIGRATION; POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS ID SOUTHERN MANITOBA; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; ELEVATORS; TRAPS AB This study was conducted to examine the activity of stored-product insect pests outside farm storage facilities during the first 2 mo of storage and to relate that activity to colonization of the grain by insects. Environmental parameters describing the grain storage environment also were analyzed to help in explaining the relationship between insect densities inside and outside grain bins. The most abundant species collected were Ahasverus advena (Waltl), Typhaea stercorea (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Cryptolestes spp. Farms with high numbers of stored-product insects outside of storage facilities had high numbers of insects in 25-bu experimental bins, and farms on which few insects were detected outside also had fewer insects in 25-bu bins. However, this relationship was not true for commercial farm bins, possibly because of the use of insecticide on the grain or residual pest populations in farm bins. Grain moisture and test weight and the presence of livestock tended to affect insect numbers in the untreated experimental bins, but the effects were not always consistent among species. In farm bins, the use of protectants on the grain tended to obscure expected relationships to environmental parameters. RP DOWDY, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1358 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200034 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI FEASIBILITY OF USING AERATION TO CONTROL INSECT PESTS OF CORN STORED IN SOUTHEAST GEORGIA - SIMULATED FIELD-TEST SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS; TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM; CORN ID UNITED-STATES; WHEAT; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; FARM; OATS AB Temperatures in aerated and unaerated corn stored in 2,545.45-kg (100-bushel) bins from 15 October 1992 to 3 June 1993 in Savannah, GA, were monitored at seven different sites within each bin. The corn was infested periodically with adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, adult red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and eggs of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), at selected intervals during storage. Bins were sampled each month using pitfall traps, cardboard traps, and a grain trier. Average daily temperatures in aerated bins were 11.49-15.49 degrees C compared with 15.27-18.70 degrees C in unaerated bins. Average temperatures at six of the seven sample positions were significantly greater in unaerated than in aerated bins. Total degree accumulations ranged from 2,654 to 3,527 degrees C in aerated bins and 3,740 to 4,320 degrees C in unaerated bins. Trap samples and trier samples were taken monthly at the approximate position of the temperature probes (seven positions, seven monthly samples); moth counts from cardboard traps were combined as one value per bin. During the sampling period, the average numbers of trapped maize weevils and red flour beetles were significantly greater in unaerated bins than in aerated bins for eight and 13 position comparisons, respectively (seven positions x seven monthly samples = 49 possible comparisons). The average numbers of Indianmeal moths and almond moths were significantly greater in unaerated than in aerated bins for two of seven and one of seven monthly samples, respectively. Moisture content was significantly greater in unaerated than in aerated corn for 43 of 49 sample comparisons for the entire study. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1359 EP 1365 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK982 UT WOS:A1994PK98200035 ER PT J AU SCOTT, WP MULROONEY, JE WOMAC, AR AF SCOTT, WP MULROONEY, JE WOMAC, AR TI MORTALITY OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE EXPOSED TO VARIOUS PETROLEUM OILS AND INSECTICIDE RATES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; TOBACCO BUDWORM; RESISTANT; SUSCEPTIBLE; BIFINTHRIN; PETROLEUM OIL ID PARASITOID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES AB Spray table tests with cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. leaves demonstrated that petroleum oil/diluent residues caused higher mortality in laboratory susceptible tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens L., larvae than in a laboratory resistant strain. Paraffinic diluents with bifenthrin caused higher mortality of the susceptible and resistant larvae under conditions of long-term exposure to spray residues than bifenthrin in an isoparaffinic oil or an aromatic solvent. None of the bifenthrin-oil treatments increased mortality above water-bifenthrin in either resistant or susceptible strains. RP SCOTT, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR018 UT WOS:A1994PR01800004 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, MR GILLESPIE, RL SHASHA, BS AF MCGUIRE, MR GILLESPIE, RL SHASHA, BS TI SURVIVAL OF OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS (HUBNER) AFTER EXPOSURE TO BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER ENCAPSULATED IN FLOUR MATRICES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FORMULATION; OSTRINIA NUBILALIS; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; FLOUR; GRANULES ID LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE AB Two types of pregelatinized corn flour were used to produce granules containing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki and various additives for control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in the whorl of corn plants. Laboratory-reared larvae were applied to corn whorls in the greenhouse and field, and a high natural infestation occurred at one field site (Champaign). In the greenhouse and at all three field sites, five of these formulations were just as effective as Dipel 10G, a commercially available B. thuringiensis product, for control of European corn borer larvae. In all greenhouse studies and at one of the three field sites (Champaign), the dose of B. thuringiensis could be reduced by as much as 75% when a phagostimulant was added to flour granules without significant loss of corn borer control. The phagostimulant dose response was not observed at the other two field sites in which larval infestations were relatively low. Flour type had no significant effect on European corn borer control under greenhouse and field conditions. Greenhouse evaluations provided results significantly similar to results from two of the field sites indicating the usefulness of the technique. The data presented highlight the versatility and potential for using novel formulation techniques for enhancing the efficacy of B. thuringiensis. RP MCGUIRE, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 496 EP 508 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR018 UT WOS:A1994PR01800008 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, ER LEACH, JA AF MITCHELL, ER LEACH, JA TI A YELLOW MUTANT OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE TOBACCO BUDWORM; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; PHENOTYPE RP MITCHELL, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR018 UT WOS:A1994PR01800009 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, SM NORDLUND, DA KING, EG AF GREENBERG, SM NORDLUND, DA KING, EG TI INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LARVAL FEEDING REGIMES AND DIET PRESENTATION METHODS ON CHRYSOPERLA-RUFILABRIS (NEUROPTERA, CHRYSOPIDAE) DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PREDATOR; ARTIFICIAL DIET; REARING ID CARNEA AB Results of a comparative analysis of the effects of seven different larval feeding regimes on the development of individually reared Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) larvae are presented. Also, four methods for presenting Liquid artificial diet (capillary tubes, sponge, agarose based jelly, and artificial eggs) are discussed. Development time, pupal weight, fecundity, and reproductive rate were higher for C. rufilabris larvae reared on the eggs of either Helicoverpa tea (Boddie) or Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) than for those reared on artificial diet. Diet presentation methods that show promise include agarose-based jelly and artificial eggs. RP GREENBERG, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 513 EP 522 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR018 UT WOS:A1994PR01800010 ER PT J AU AVERY, JW CHAMBERS, DL CUNNINGHAM, RT LEONHARDT, BA AF AVERY, JW CHAMBERS, DL CUNNINGHAM, RT LEONHARDT, BA TI USE OF CERALURE AND TRIMEDLURE IN MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) MASS-TRAPPING TESTS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; CERATITIS CAPITATA; CERALURE; TRIMEDLURE; CONTROLLED-RELEASE ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; ATTRACTION; DISPENSERS; FLIES AB Ceralure, a new potent and persistent attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was evaluated in a new technique which serves as an alternative to aerial application of male annihilation bait-sprays for eradication. Residual ceralure and trimedlure contents, release rates, and medfly captures using panels coated with ceralure and trimedlure in stickem were evaluated for effective attraction of male medflies. The lure/stickem coated panels may be more effective than the Jackson trap baited with the ''standard'' trimedlure plug dispenser. RP AVERY, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 543 EP 556 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR018 UT WOS:A1994PR01800014 ER PT J AU RIDGWAY, RL THORPE, KW WEBB, RE VENABLES, L AF RIDGWAY, RL THORPE, KW WEBB, RE VENABLES, L TI GYPSY-MOTH MANAGEMENT IN SUBURBAN PARKS - PROGRAM-EVALUATION SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GYPSY MOTH; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; DIFLUBENZURON ID LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS AB A specialized gypsy moth management program for urban parks was implemented in six state and county parks and the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) in Maryland in 1990 and 1991. Decisions to treat with aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (one or two applications) or diflubenzuron or to not treat were based on gypsy moth egg mass density, egg mass size, percentage of susceptible host trees, amount of previous defoliation, and the potential non-target effects of diflubenzuron. A total of 1025 and 1926 ha in the management program was treated with one and two applications of B. thuringiensis, respectively, and 1204 ha were left untreated. One block of 47 ha was treated with diflubenzuron. Larval mortality as a result of the treatments averaged 76 and 83% in areas treated with one and two applications of B. thuringiensis, respectively, and 87% in the area treated with diflubenzuron. Some noticeable defoliation occurred under all treatments. The greatest amount of defoliation (29% of total area) occurred in a management unit with an average initial egg mass density of 49,250/ha that was treated twice with B. thuringiensis. Comparisons with adjacent areas not included in the management program indicated that even when defoliation did occur, it was reduced both in severity and extent by the treatments. This evaluation of the gypsy moth management program that was developed to provide a high level of foliage protection in suburban parks indicated that a number of improvements can be made in the program. However, without more efficacious intervention tactics, the goal of preventing noticeable defoliation in any part of a management unit may not be achievable solely with biological agents where extremely high gypsy moth population densities are present. RP RIDGWAY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 402,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 557 EP 569 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR018 UT WOS:A1994PR01800015 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE AF BAKER, JE TI RESISTANCE MECHANISM IN THE BAMBERG STRAIN OF ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE ANISOPTEROMALAS; PARASITOID; MALATHION; RESISTANCE MECHANISM RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 580 EP 584 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR018 UT WOS:A1994PR01800017 ER PT J AU KLEIN, MG ALLSOPP, PG AF KLEIN, MG ALLSOPP, PG TI ARTIFICIAL DIETS FOR 3RD INSTAR JAPANESE-BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE JAPANESE BEETLE; POPILLIA JAPONICA; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; LARVAE AB Of four diets tested, one based on lima beans and casein was selected as the best and easiest for rearing third instars of Japanse beetles, Popillia. japonica. Newman. The diet gave the best survival and heaviest pupae and was previously used for rearing larvae of the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (White). RP KLEIN, MG (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,HORT INSECTS RES LAB,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 585 EP 589 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR018 UT WOS:A1994PR01800018 ER PT J AU MILLER, RG TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET AF MILLER, RG TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET TI IMPROVED XLT4 AGAR - SMALL ADDITION OF PEPTONE TO PROMOTE STRONGER PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN-SULFIDE BY SALMONELLAE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; XLT4 AGAR; CHICKEN; PORK ID SAMPLES AB Xylose lysine tergitol(4) agar (XLT4) is a highly selective plating medium used for isolating salmonellae. Studies have shown that XLT4 increases the recovery of salmonellae found in food, environmental and clinical samples. Further testing demonstrated that the addition of low concentrations of proteose peptone No. 3 (pp3) to XLT4 produced blacker Salmonella colonies in shorter incubation times (increased hydrogen sulfide production), while still maintaining strong inhibition of competing bacteria The increased black colony formation facilitates prompt recognition of the weaker hydrogen sulfide-producing Salmonella strains. Test concentrations of pp3 at 0.5, 1.2 and 1.8 g/L were added to XLT4 and compared with plain XLT4 using pure bacterial cultures. In addition, these four plating media, plus xylose lysine desoxycholate agar (XLD) were evaluated using nonspiked chicken liver and pork sausage samples. The concentration of 1.2 g/L of pp3 in XLT4 gave the best overall results. In virtually all cases, the Salmonella colonies were larger and more black than on plain XLT4 without pp3. The improved XLT4 is recommended for more reliable detection of salmonellae from food, environmental and clinical samples. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP MILLER, RG (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,BLDG 322,ARC-E,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 57 IS 10 BP 854 EP 858 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PR953 UT WOS:A1994PR95300001 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL AF SMITH, JL TI ARTHRITIS AND FOODBORNE BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE ARTHRITIS; FOODBORNE BACTERIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; SALMONELLA; SHIGELLA; YERSINIA ID TRIGGERED REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; SYNOVIAL-FLUID CELLS; ANKYLOSING-SPONDYLITIS; REITERS-SYNDROME; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; T-CELLS; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE AB Diarrheic episodes caused by the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella or Yersinia may lead to a sterile arthritis such as reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis. Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis have been shown to be sequelae in a few well-studied bacterial food poisoning outbreaks. Reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis show strong familial association related to the gene for HLA-B27 (HLA = human leucocyte antigen) antigen. Why HLA-B27-positive individuals are more susceptible to arthritis is not known, but molecular mimicry between the HLA-B27 antigen and antigens of triggering bacteria has been demonstrated and this mimicry has been proposed as a mechanism involved in etiology of the arthritides. Antigens from bacteria that triggered the arthritis are present in arthritic joints but bacterial cells are not found. Antibodies and T-cells specific for the triggering bacteria have been demonstrated in arthritic patients. T-cells present in synovial joints respond specifically to the particular arthritic triggering pathogen. The cells that respond to bacterial antigens belong to the T-cell subset T(H)1 that secrete a limited number of cytokines but it is not known if cytokines are involved in arthritis. A few studies have demonstrated that T-cells from the joints of arthritic patients respond to both bacterial and human heat shock proteins indicating that autoimmunity may be involved in causation of arthritis. While only about 2% of a population exposed to a triggering infection will acquire arthritis, these individuals undergo pain and suffering as well as economic hardships as a result of their disease. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 101 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 57 IS 10 BP 935 EP 941 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PR953 UT WOS:A1994PR95300019 ER PT J AU SCHOENEMAN, RS RIES, PD AF SCHOENEMAN, RS RIES, PD TI URBAN FORESTRY - MANAGING THE FORESTS WHERE WE LIVE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 OREGON DEPT FORESTRY,URBAN & COMMUNITY FORESTRY PROGRAM,SALEM,OR. RP SCHOENEMAN, RS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. OI Ries, Paul D/0000-0002-9550-7167 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 10 BP 6 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PJ698 UT WOS:A1994PJ69800007 ER PT J AU DWYER, JF SCHROEDER, HW AF DWYER, JF SCHROEDER, HW TI THE HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF URBAN FORESTRY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP DWYER, JF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,5801 N PULASKI RD,CHICAGO,IL 60646, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 10 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PJ698 UT WOS:A1994PJ69800010 ER PT J AU WESTPHAL, L CHILDS, G AF WESTPHAL, L CHILDS, G TI OVERCOMING OBSTACLES - CREATING VOLUNTEER PARTNERSHIPS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP WESTPHAL, L (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT EXPT STN,5801-C N PULASKI RD,CHICAGO,IL 60646, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 10 BP 28 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PJ698 UT WOS:A1994PJ69800017 ER PT J AU MCPHERSON, EG AF MCPHERSON, EG TI USING URBAN FORESTS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CARBON STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP MCPHERSON, EG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA,FOREST SERV,WESTERN CTR URBAN FOREST RES,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 10 BP 36 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PJ698 UT WOS:A1994PJ69800021 ER PT J AU NOWAK, DJ AF NOWAK, DJ TI UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF URBAN FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP NOWAK, DJ (reprint author), SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,5 MOON LIB,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 10 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PJ698 UT WOS:A1994PJ69800023 ER PT J AU ALREFAI, RH SHIEL, PJ DOMIER, LL DARCY, CJ BERGER, PH KORBAN, SS AF ALREFAI, RH SHIEL, PJ DOMIER, LL DARCY, CJ BERGER, PH KORBAN, SS TI THE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF APPLE MOSAIC-VIRUS COAT PROTEIN GENE HAS NO SIMILARITY WITH OTHER BROMOVIRIDAE COAT PROTEIN GENES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID TOBACCO STREAK VIRUS; CDNA SYNTHESIS; RNA AB A double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from in vitro polyadenylated apple mosaic virus (ApMV) RNA 3 using oligo(dT) and sequence-specific primers, and was cloned into plasmid vectors. A set of overlapping cDNA clones was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of RNA 4. ApMV RNA 4 was found to contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 666 nucleotides, which was flanked by 5' and 3' non-translated sequences of 55 and 264 nucleotides, respectively. The ORF encoding the coat protein was identified by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with that obtained from direct protein microsequencing of the native viral coat protein. The ORF encodes a protein with an M(r) of 25056. The nucleotide sequence of the ApMV coat protein gene showed no similarity to those of alfalfa mosaic virus, tobacco streak virus (TSV), brome mosaic virus or cucumber mosaic virus. The predicted amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal region of the ApMV coat protein is basic, rich in cysteine residues and may contain a zinc finger motif similar to that found in TSV. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HORT PLANT & ANIM BIOTECHNOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. USDA ARS,MWA,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 75 BP 2847 EP 2850 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-75-10-2847 PN 10 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA PJ651 UT WOS:A1994PJ65100038 PM 7931177 ER PT J AU ALONSO, CV AF ALONSO, CV TI GENERALIZED INNER REGION VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION EQUATION - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion ID STREAMS RP ALONSO, CV (reprint author), USDA,NAT SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1994 VL 120 IS 10 BP 1230 EP 1231 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:10(1230) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA PH815 UT WOS:A1994PH81500008 ER PT J AU HARTMAN, WJ TORRE, PM PRIOR, RL AF HARTMAN, WJ TORRE, PM PRIOR, RL TI DIETARY CITRULLINE BUT NOT ORNITHINE COUNTERACTS DIETARY ARGININE DEFICIENCY IN RATS BY INCREASING SPLANCHNIC RELEASE OF CITRULLINE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ARGININE; ORNITHINE; RATS; CITRULLINE; INTERORGAN FLUX ID TISSUE AMINO-ACIDS; UREA-CYCLE; ADULT FERRETS; PROTEIN INTAKE; AGED RATS; YOUNG; METABOLISM; PLASMA; FLUX; PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE AB Ornithine and citrulline have different arginine-sparing capabilities when provided in an arginine-deficient diet. Rats were fed arginine-deficient diets containing ornithine or citrulline to see the effect on net fluxes of free arginine, ornithine and citrulline across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver. The diets contained either 10g arginine/kg diet (+Arg) or no arginine: the -Agr/+Ala diet contained additional alanine and the -Arg/+Orn and -Arg/+Cit diets contained ornithine and citrulline, respectively, in amounts isomolar to the amount of arginine in the control (+Arg) diet. Blood arginine concentrations were 50% lower than control values (P < 0.001) in rats fed the -Arg/+Ala or the -Arg/+Orn diet. However, addition of citrulline to the arginine-deficient diet restored blood arginine concentrations. The source of the circulating arginine in the rats fed the -Arg/+Cit diet was neither the PDV nor the liver; net splanchnic uptake or arginine was 0.3 mu mol/min. Net citrulline release was substantial from the PDV (0.65 mu mol/min) as well as from the splanchnic bed (0.67 mu mol/min) of rats fed the -Arg/+Cit diet, such that blood citrulline concentrations were more than double (P < 0.001) those in rats fed the +Arg or -Arg/+Orn diet. Splanchnic release of citrulline in rats fed the -Arg/+Cit diet but not in rats fed the -Arg/+Orn diet supported the production of arginine in non-splanchnic organs such as presumable, the kidney. RP HARTMAN, WJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 124 IS 10 BP 1950 EP 1960 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PM637 UT WOS:A1994PM63700008 PM 7931704 ER PT J AU DUDLEY, MA WANG, H HACHEY, DL SHULMAN, RJ PERKINSON, JS ROSENBERGER, J MERSMANN, HJ AF DUDLEY, MA WANG, H HACHEY, DL SHULMAN, RJ PERKINSON, JS ROSENBERGER, J MERSMANN, HJ TI JEJUNAL BRUSH-BORDER HYDROLASE ACTIVITY IS HIGHER IN TALLOW-FED PIGS THAN IN CORN OIL-FED PIGS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HYDROLASES; PIGS; FATTY ACIDS; PHOSPHOLIPID; CHOLESTEROL ID INTESTINAL MICROVILLUS MEMBRANES; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; RAT JEJUNUM; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; TRANSPORT-SYSTEMS; D-GLUCOSE; CHOLESTEROL; LIPIDS; VESICLES AB We tested the effect of dietary fat on the lipid composition and hydrolase activity of jejunal brush border membranes in piglets. Eighteen 5-wk-old piglets were divided into three groups and for 4 wk fed either an unsaturated low fat diet (3.2% corn oil), an unsaturated high fat diet (17.2% corn oil) or a saturated high fat diet (2.2% corn oil + 15% tallow). Brush border membranes were prepared from the jejunal mucosa and analyzed for cholesterol, phospholipid and fatty acids. The activities of sucrase-isomaltase, lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, maltase-glucoamylase, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were measured. Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase isoforms were immunopurified and separated by SDS-PAGE, and their relative proportions were measured by densitometry. The activities of the disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase, but not aminopeptidase, were greater in animals fed the saturated high fat diet than in animals fed the unsaturated high fat diet. The fatty acid composition of the membranes generally reflected the composition of the diet. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the phospholipid, fatty acid and cholesterol compositions of the membranes were associated with the differences in brush border hydrolase activity. RP DUDLEY, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 124 IS 10 BP 1996 EP 2005 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PM637 UT WOS:A1994PM63700013 PM 7931709 ER PT J AU WIEN, EM VANCAMPEN, DR AF WIEN, EM VANCAMPEN, DR TI ENHANCED FE3+-REDUCING CAPACITY DOES NOT SEEM TO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN INCREASING IRON-ABSORPTION IN IRON-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RATS; IRON; IRON DEFICIENCY; ABSORPTION; FERRIC ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; REDUCTION; MUCOSAL; LUMEN AB Some eucaryotic organisms, including many plants, yeast and mice, have a higher iron uptake during iron deficiency because the capacity to reduce Fe3+ from the environment to Fe2+ is greatly enhanced. To determine whether this occurs in rats, a common experimental model for iron absorption in humans, we compared the in vivo capacity to reduce intraluminal Fe3+ in iron-deficient and normal rats. We also measured potential Fe3+-reducing components within the intestinal lumen and on the mucosal surface. Iron-reducing capacity was higher in iron-deficient rats, by a significant (P = 0.026) but modest 20%, in parallel with higher mucosal weight (R(2) = 0.501, P = 0.003). In vitro iron reduction by lumen contents was correlated with mucosal weight, even though mucosal tissue was not present in the assays. This capacity was not related to ascorbic acid, glutathione or other nonprotein sulfhydryls. Mucosal ferric reductase activity was higher in iron-deficient rats in parallel with higher tissue weight, but the specific activity did not differ and the higher total not associated with the brush border role of endogenous Fe3+ reduction in regulating iron absorption should be investigated in humans and in other experimental models. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP WIEN, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 124 IS 10 BP 2006 EP 2015 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PM637 UT WOS:A1994PM63700014 PM 7931710 ER PT J AU RHOADS, ML FETTERER, RH AF RHOADS, ML FETTERER, RH TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS FROM ADULT HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; CANIS INFECTIVE LARVAE; TOXOCARA-CANIS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; IMMUNOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PARASITIC NEMATODES; ANTIGENS; CUTICLE; CHITIN AB Extrinsic radioiodination experiments have shown that male and female adults of Haemonchus contortus (BPL strain) express a stage-specific set of surface-associated proteins with apparent molecular mass values of 30, 58, 81, and 143 kDa. A quantitatively different pattern of iodinated surface proteins is expressed by adults of the PPR strain of H. contortus, whereas the pattern of iodinated proteins expressed by Haemonchus similis is qualitatively distinct (38, 68, and 121 kDa). The 58-, 81-, and 143-kDa proteins of the BPL strain are glycosylated, whereas the 30-kDa protein is not. The binding of wheat germ agglutinin to the surface glycoproteins was inhibited by the trimer of N-acetylglucosamine (N,N,N-triacetylchitotriose) but not by the monosaccharide, indicating the presence of chitin-like homopolymers. The carbohydrate portion of the 58-kDa protein is N-linked and accounts for 30% of its apparent mass. Under nonreducing conditions, the 58-kDa glycoprotein forms a high molecular mass polymer that is unable to penetrate a 10% acrylamide gel. The 143- and 81-kDa surface glycoproteins were not hydrolyzed by either N- or O-glycanase, indicating unusual modifications to the saccharide-linkage and rendering it resistant to glycosidase digestion. The 30-, 58-, and 143-kDa purified surface proteins produced distinct peptide maps with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. RP RHOADS, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 80 IS 5 BP 756 EP 763 DI 10.2307/3283254 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PK545 UT WOS:A1994PK54500011 PM 7931909 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP THAYER, DW AF DUBEY, JP THAYER, DW TI KILLING OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII TISSUE CYSTS BY IRRADIATION UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIVITY; VIABILITY; PORK AB To study the effect of gamma-irradiation on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts, brains of mice inoculated with 95 newly isolated strains of T. gondii from pigs and 10 other laboratory isolates were pooled, flattened, packed in vacuum, and irradiated to absorbed doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.9 kGy at 5 C (+/-0.5 C) with a Cs-137 gamma-radiation source. Treated samples were bioassayed for viable T. gondii in mice, cats, or both. Tissue cysts of all strains were rendered nonviable at 0.4 kGy. To study the effect of temperature on inactivation by irradiation, tissue cysts were irradiated at -4, 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 C (+/-0.5 C) at 0.25 kGy. Temperature during irradiation had no marked effect on the viability of tissue cysts. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 80 IS 5 BP 764 EP 767 DI 10.2307/3283255 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PK545 UT WOS:A1994PK54500012 PM 7931910 ER PT J AU WEISS, GH GOANS, RE GITTERMAN, M ABRAMS, SA VIEIRA, NE YERGEY, AL AF WEISS, GH GOANS, RE GITTERMAN, M ABRAMS, SA VIEIRA, NE YERGEY, AL TI A NON-MARKOVIAN MODEL FOR CALCIUM KINETICS IN THE BODY SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM KINETICS; BONE ID BONE CALCIUM; BINDING AB We present a new generalized compartmental model for calcium kinetics as measured by tracer concentration in blood plasma. The parameter measuring incorporation of calcium in bone discriminates between different levels of physical development in female teenagers and between teenagers and adults. C1 NICHHD,THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BAR ILAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,IL-52100 RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP WEISS, GH (reprint author), NATL INST HLTH,DCRT,PHYS SCI LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-466X J9 J PHARMACOKINET BIOP JI J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 22 IS 5 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.1007/BF02353861 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QT172 UT WOS:A1994QT17200002 PM 7791037 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RL AF ANDERSON, RL TI PLANTING DATE EFFECT ON NO-TILL PROSO MILLET SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Producers in the Central Great Plains are changing their cropping systems to include summer annual crops after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.-hereafter referred to as proso) is well adapted to this region, especially when planted after winter wheat. This study examined the response of proso to planting date in a no-till system. 'Cope' proso was planted at six weekly intervals, starting on 18 May. Proso yielded highest when planted on 8 June and will yield greater than 95% of its potential if planted between 2 June and 12 June. Water use efficiency (WUE) reflected grain yield trends, with WUE highest when proso was planted in early June. Total crop water use (soil water + growing season precipitation) ranged between 13 and 14 in. for all planting dates. Proso initiated stem elongation and anthesis after approximately 600 and 1100 growing degree days, respectively, regardless of planting date. Based on this study, producers should plant proso during early June to maximize yield potential in no-till systems. RP ANDERSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 4 BP 454 EP 458 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PL732 UT WOS:A1994PL73200008 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, RM AF RUSSELL, RM TI MICRONUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND HYPOCHLORHYDRIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 530 EP 530 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK985 UT WOS:A1994PK98500058 ER PT J AU FIELDING, RA AF FIELDING, RA TI PLENARY SESSION IIB, SUNDAY MORNING - THE ROLE OF EXERCISE AND NUTRITION ON THE PRESERVATION OF LEAN BODY-MASS IN THE ELDERLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOSTON UNIV,DEPT HLTH SCI,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 532 EP 532 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK985 UT WOS:A1994PK98500064 ER PT J AU MASON, JB AF MASON, JB TI B-VITAMINS AND AGING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 532 EP 532 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK985 UT WOS:A1994PK98500065 ER PT J AU SAHYOUN, NR JACQUES, PF RUSSELL, RM AF SAHYOUN, NR JACQUES, PF RUSSELL, RM TI EVALUATING THE NUTRITION SCREENING INITIATIVE CHECKLIST AS A SCREENING AND AN EDUCATIONAL-TOOL IN AN ELDERLY POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK985 UT WOS:A1994PK98500083 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, W HUDSON, C KNUCKLES, B BECKER, R BOURDON, I DAVIS, P SCHNEEMAN, B AF YOKOYAMA, W HUDSON, C KNUCKLES, B BECKER, R BOURDON, I DAVIS, P SCHNEEMAN, B TI EFFECTS OF EXTRUSION PROCESSING AND BARLEY FIBER ON THE GLYCEMIC PROPERTIES OF PASTA IN MIXED MEALS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 538 EP 538 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK985 UT WOS:A1994PK98500088 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE MOUNTS, TL RINSCH, WM KONISHI, H ELAGAIMY, MA AF NEFF, WE MOUNTS, TL RINSCH, WM KONISHI, H ELAGAIMY, MA TI OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF PURIFIED CANOLA OIL TRIACYLGLYCEROLS WITH ALTERED FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS AS AFFECTED BY TRIACYLGLYCEROL COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE AUTOXIDATION; CANOLA OIL; OXIDATION PRODUCTS; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; PEROXIDE VALUE; PHOTOOXIDATION; STEREOSPECIFIC ANALYSIS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; VOLATILES ID CHLOROPHYLL-SENSITIZED PHOTOOXIDATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SOYBEAN OIL; HEAT-TREATMENTS; BETA-CAROTENE; PRESS OILS; LINOLENATE; KINETICS; STORAGE AB Canola oil triacylglycerols from genetically modified canola lines (InterMountain Canola Co., Cinnaminson, NJ) have been evaluated for their photooxidative and autoxidative stabilities, as influenced by their fatty acid compositions and their triacylglycerol compositions and structures. Purified canola oil triacylglycerols were oxidized in duplicate in fluorescent light at 25 degrees C and in the dark at 60 degrees C under oxygen, and their oxidative deterioration with time was monitored by determining colorimetric peroxide values. Also monitored with time, oxidation products were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection. Total volatiles, generated by thermal decomposition of the oxidized triacylglycerols, were quantitated by static-headspace gas chromatography. These experimental parameters were statistically correlated with predicted oxidizability, fatty acid composition, position of fatty acids on glycerol carbons and triacylglycerol composition. Oxidative deterioration of canola triacylglycerols correlated negative ly with oleic acid composition, with oleic acid content at carbon 2 and with trioleoylglycerol content of the oil. Deterioration was positively correlated with the amount of linolenic acid on nonspecific locations on glycerol carbons 1,2 and 3, the amount of linoleic acid on glycerol carbon 2 and with sn-oleoyllinoleoyllinolenoyl glycerol content. Differences in character or quantity of volatile product and triacylglycerol hydroperoxides mere low, whether generated during autoxidation or photooxidation of the canola triacylglycerols. RP NEFF, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 28 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1101 EP 1109 DI 10.1007/BF02675903 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PM037 UT WOS:A1994PM03700010 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE ELAGAIMY, MA MOUNTS, TL AF NEFF, WE ELAGAIMY, MA MOUNTS, TL TI OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF BLENDS AND INTERESTERIFIED BLENDS OF SOYBEAN OIL AND PALM OLEIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BLEND; INTERESTERIFICATION; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; PALM OLEIN; SOYBEAN OIL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL COMPOSITION; HYDROGENATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; AUTOXIDATION; ADDITIVES AB Improvement of oxidative stability of soybean oil by blending with a more stable oil was investigated. Autoxidation of blends and interesterified blends (9:1, 8:2, 7:3 and 1:1, w/w) of soybean oil and palm olein was studied with respect to fatty acid composition, fatty acid location and triacylglycerol composition. Rates of formation of triacylglycerol hydroperoxides, peroxide value and volatiles were evaluated. The fatty acid composition of soybean oil was changed by blending. Linolenic and linoleic acids decreased and oleic acid increased. The triacylglycerol composition of blends and interesterified blends was different from that of soybean oil. Relative to soybean oil, LnLL, LLL, LLO, LLP, LOO and LLS triacylglycerols were lowered and FOG, POP and PLP were higher in blends and interesterified blends (where Ln, L, O, P and S represent linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, respectively). Interesterification of the blends leads to a decrease in POO and POP and an increase in LOP Linoleic acid concentration at triacylglycerol carbon-2 was decreased by blending and interesterification. Rates of change for peroxide value and oxidation product formation confirmed the improvement of soybean oil stability by blending and interesterification. But, blends were more stable than interesterified blends. Also, the formation of hexanal, the major volatile of linoleate hydroperoxides of soybean oil, was decreased by blending and interesterification. RP NEFF, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1111 EP 1116 DI 10.1007/BF02675904 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PM037 UT WOS:A1994PM03700011 ER PT J AU WARNER, K ORR, P PARROTT, L GLYNN, M AF WARNER, K ORR, P PARROTT, L GLYNN, M TI EFFECTS OF FRYING OIL COMPOSITION ON POTATO-CHIP STABILITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CANOLA; FLAVOR; FREE FATTY ACID; FRYING; LOW-ERUCIC ACID; RAPESEED; ODOR; POLAR COMPOUNDS; POTATO CHIP; SENSORY; STABILITY; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS ID SOYBEAN OILS AB Potato chips were fried in six canola (low-erucic acid rapeseed) oils under pilot-plant process settings that represented commercial conditions. Oil samples included an unmodified canola oil and oils with fatty acid compositions modified by mutation breeding or hydrogenation. Chips were fried for a 2-d, 18-h cycle for each oil. Chips and oil were sampled periodically for sensory, gas-chromatographic volatiles and chemical analyses. Unmodified canola oil produced chips with lower flavor stability and oxidative stability than the other oils. The hydrogenated oil imparted a typical hydrogenation flavor to the chips that slightly affected overall quality. The modified canola oil (IMC 129) with the highest oleic acid level (78%) had the lowest content of total polar compounds and the lowest total volatile compounds at most of the storage times; however, the sensory quality of the potato chip was only fair. The potato chip with the best flavor stability was fried in a modified/blended oil (IMC 01-4.5/129) with 68% oleic acid, 20% linoleic acid and 3% linolenic acid. C1 USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,GRAND FORKS,ND. RP WARNER, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1117 EP 1121 DI 10.1007/BF02675905 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PM037 UT WOS:A1994PM03700012 ER PT J AU CHANG, MK CONKERTON, EJ CHAPITAL, D WAN, PJ AF CHANG, MK CONKERTON, EJ CHAPITAL, D WAN, PJ TI BEHAVIOR OF DIGLYCERIDES AND CONJUGATED FATTY-ACID TRIGLYCERIDES IN REVERSE-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE DIGLYCERIDES; REVERSE-PHASE HPLC; TRIGLYCERIDES ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; MIXTURES; OILS AB The behavior of conjugated fatty acid triglycerides and diglycerides on reverse-phase chromatography was studied. Trieleostearin is a geometric isomer of trilinolenin. The conjugated double bond arrangement in trieleostearin enhances its hydrophobic interaction with the stationary phase and causes it to be eluted later than trilinolenin. In separation of ''critical pairs'' of tri- and diglycerides, diglycerides elute later than triglycerides due to the longer fatty acid constituent. Position isomers of 1,2- and 1,3-diglycerides can be separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. RP CHANG, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1173 EP 1175 DI 10.1007/BF02675915 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PM037 UT WOS:A1994PM03700022 ER PT J AU WEN, B BROWER, JH AF WEN, B BROWER, JH TI SUPPRESSION OF MAIZE WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE), POPULATIONS IN DRUMS OF CORN BY SINGLE AND MULTIPLE RELEASES OF THE PARASITOID ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; RICE WEEVIL; WASP; WHEAT AB Drums containing 45.36 kg (100 lbs) of shelled corn were used to test the ability of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) to suppress populations of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. On July 15, 1992, 10 pairs of maize weevils were released into each drum. Three weeks later, A. calandrae were released in half the treatment drums (4 replicates) at rates of 5. 10, 20 or 40 pairs. No further A. calandrae were released in these drums. At the same time, releases of A. calandrae were begun in the other treatment drums at rates of 2, 5, 10 or 20 pairs and continued at these rates for 29 weeks. Insect populations were sampled four times during the experimental period: at 8, 14, 23 and 33 weeks. In control (untreated) drums and drums from single and multiple release treatments, maize weevil populations increased from 8 weeks to 33 weeks, however, populations in the controls increased much more rapidly than in either treatment. Both single release and multiple release treatments greatly suppressed maize weevil population growth. Final population counts showed that percentage suppression was over 90% in all release rates of both treatments. At high maize weevil population levels there was no significant difference between single and multiple release treatments in suppressing maize weevil populations in drums of corn. RP WEN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 67 IS 4 BP 331 EP 339 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QJ155 UT WOS:A1994QJ15500004 ER PT J AU EWALT, DR PAYEUR, JB MARTIN, BM CUMMINS, DR MILLER, WG AF EWALT, DR PAYEUR, JB MARTIN, BM CUMMINS, DR MILLER, WG TI CHARACTERISTICS OF A BRUCELLA SPECIES FROM A BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB A culture isolated from an aborted fetus of a bottlenose dolphin (Turisops truncatus) was characterized. The isolate was a gram-negative coccobacillus, and the colonial morphology was typical of a smooth Brucella. The isolate was positive for catalase, oxidase, nitrate reduction, and urease. Hydrogen sulfide was not produced. It grew in air at 37 C but required 72 hours for good growth. There was growth on media containing basic fuchsin, thionin, thionin blue, penicillin, and erythritol. The M antigen was dominant, and the isolate was lysed by 4 of 10 brucellaphages tested. The oxidative metabolic profile of the isolate was similar to that for B. abortus but differed in utilization of L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, and DL-citrulline. Whole-cell lysates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles were markedly different from the protein profiles of reference strains of Brucella species. Biochemical and oxidative metabolism profiles indicated that the isolate belongs in the genus Brucella but did not match the profiles of any established species or biovars. This isolate may be an atypical strain of a recognized Brucella species or a new biovar or species of Brucella. RP EWALT, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 135 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 448 EP 452 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PN460 UT WOS:A1994PN46000008 PM 7858024 ER PT J AU STEGELMEIER, BL RALPHS, MH GARDNER, DR MOLYNEUX, RJ JAMES, LF AF STEGELMEIER, BL RALPHS, MH GARDNER, DR MOLYNEUX, RJ JAMES, LF TI SERUM ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE ACTIVITY AND THE CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS OF LOCOWEED (ASTRAGALUS-MOLLISSIMUS) INTOXICATION IN RANGE CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Subclinical intoxication of livestock with Astragalus and Oxytropis species (locoweeds) results in decreased animal feed conversion, reduced weight gains, and reproductive failure. Sensitive diagnostic methods to definitively diagnose and monitor intoxication are needed to minimize these losses and better manage locoweed-infested pastures and rangelands. Sera from cattle grazing locoweed were evaluated for alpha-mannosidase activity, serum biochemical values, electrolytes, and thyroid hormone concentrations. As the cows began to ingest locoweed, the mean serum alpha-mannosidase activities dropped significantly (400.0 muM to 72.5 muM). Changes in other serum chemistry values were less specific; however, individual animals (generally those ingesting more locoweed) had elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, with decreased serum total protein (5.8 +/- 0.8 g/dl) and albumin (2.3 +/- 0.3 g/dl). Mean serum thyroid concentrations (both T4 and T3) were lower in animals that were ingesting locoweed. The calculated swainsonine dose correlated statistically with serum alpha-mannosidase activity, ALP, albumin, Cl, CO2, and thyroid hormone T3. This correlation suggests that serum alpha-mannosidase activity along with potential changes in ALP, albumin, and thyroid hormone concentrations is a sensitive indicator of locoweed exposure and intoxication. These parameters may also be useful for monitoring intoxication and allowing subclinically affected cattle to be removed from infested areas before irreversible damage occurs. RP STEGELMEIER, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 473 EP 479 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PN460 UT WOS:A1994PN46000012 PM 7858027 ER PT J AU LAGER, KM ACKERMANN, MR AF LAGER, KM ACKERMANN, MR TI PULMONARY-LESIONS IN FETUSES EXPOSED IN-UTERO TO PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP LAGER, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 480 EP 483 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PN460 UT WOS:A1994PN46000013 PM 7858028 ER PT J AU CHEUNG, AK AF CHEUNG, AK TI DETECTION OF THE LARGE LATENCY TRANSCRIPT OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS BY RNA-PCR AND ITS POTENTIAL IN DIAGNOSIS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP CHEUNG, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PN460 UT WOS:A1994PN46000014 PM 7858029 ER PT J AU LEVY, L LEE, IM HADIDI, A AF LEVY, L LEE, IM HADIDI, A TI SIMPLE AND RAPID PREPARATION OF INFECTED-PLANT TISSUE-EXTRACTS FOR PCR AMPLIFICATION OF VIRUS, VIROID, AND MLO NUCLEIC-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PLUM POX VIRUS; VIROID; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISM; TISSUE EXTRACTION; DETECTION; PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; POX POTYVIRUS DETECTION; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; LUTEOVIRUSES AB A rapid, simple method for preparing plant tissues infected with viruses, viroids, or MLOs using a commercial product known as Gene Releaser (TM) is described. The Gene Releaser (TM) polymeric matrix method produced plant extracts suitable for PCR amplification without the use of organic solvents, ethanol precipitation, or additional nucleic acid purification techniques. Modification of maceration methods and/or extraction buffers resulted in the PCR amplification of potato spindle tuber, apple scar skin, and dapple apple viroids, as well as, genomic segments of plum pox potyvirus, grapevine virus B, grapevine leafroll-associated virus III, and elm yellows MLO. These pathogens were amplified from tissue of woody and herbaceous hosts such as peach, apricot, apple, grapevine, elm, periwinkle and potato. The application of this product for use with intractable tissue avoids lengthy and laborious extraction procedures. In our hands, about 20 samples could be prepared for PCR or RT-PCR in 1-2 h versus 1-3 days. C1 USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEVY, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BARC-W,BLDG 011A,RM 106,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90144-9 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA PP729 UT WOS:A1994PP72900005 PM 7868647 ER PT J AU PENCE, DB WINDBERG, LA AF PENCE, DB WINDBERG, LA TI IMPACT OF A SARCOPTIC MANGE EPIZOOTIC ON A COYOTE POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CANIS-LATRANS; COYOTE; EPIZOOTIC DISEASE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SARCOPTES-SCABIEI; SARCOPTIC MANGE; TEXAS ID SOUTHERN TEXAS; DYNAMICS AB Although sarcoptic manage is a mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) infection that occurs as periodic epizootics in wild canids, the effect of this disease on populations has not been explained. We collected data from 1,489 coyotes (Canis latrans) during 1974-91 in southern Texas and examined the effect of a sarcoptic mange epizootic on the coyote population. Mange appeared in 1975, peaked during spring 1980 (69% of coyotes infected), and then decreased until absent among coyotes collected in 1991. The epizootic encompassed 60,000 km2 in southern Texas during 1982-89. Adult males were more (P < 0.001) frequently infected than other age-sex classes during the stationary phase of peak prevalence. Mange prevalence in juvenile males increased (P < 0.01) overwinter during the stationary and decline phases of the epizootic. There were more cases of severe mange among adult males (P < 0.01) during the stationary than the decline phase. Reduced ovulation (P = 0.04) and pregnancy rates (P = 0.03) were associated with greater mange severity in adult females. Usually, coyotes with severe mange had less (P < 0.05) internal fat. We suggest that this epizootic was initiated by the appearance of a virulent strain of S. scabiei in the host population, spread of the epizootic was enhanced by high host population densities but moderated by the social organization of coyotes, and decline of the epizootic resulted from selection for mange-resistant individuals in the host population. Understanding the effect of diseases on wildlife populations requires long-term analysis of host population dynamics, with attention to other relevant factors such as behavior. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,APHIS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP PENCE, DB (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79430, USA. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 4 BP 624 EP 633 DI 10.2307/3809675 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA PL727 UT WOS:A1994PL72700005 ER PT J AU LEHMKUHL, JF HANSEN, CA SLOAN, K AF LEHMKUHL, JF HANSEN, CA SLOAN, K TI ELK PELLET-GROUP DECOMPOSITION AND DETECTABILITY IN COASTAL FORESTS OF WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BIAS; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-ROOSEVELTI; ELK; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; PELLET-GROUP COUNTS; WAPITI; WASHINGTON AB Short count intervals (< 60 days) for pellet-group surveys in Pacific coastal forests, where precipitation is high and winter temperature moderate, are costly but necessary to reliably estimate elk (Cervus elaphas roosevelti) use of winter habitat because of potentially rapid pellet decomposition. We wanted to determine rate of pellet-group decay and minimum count interval necessary to detect > 90% of overwinter pellet groups in coastal rain forests on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. We analyzed effects of elevation and aspect in a randomized block experimental design, with forest canopy effects examined as a split-plot effect. Decomposition of experimental pellet groups was rated periodically on an ordinal scale from December 1991 through May 1993. Pellet groups persisted longer overwinter than expected from other studies, indicating that pellet-group counts can be a reliable technique in many situations. At least 90% of pellet groups were present after the first winter or 4 months after deposition. The detection rate of pellet groups on forested slopes was > 90% up to 1 year after deposition. Pellet groups in valley bottoms decayed more rapidly (P = 0.001) than those on mid- and upper slopes. Decomposition rates on north and south aspects were not different (P < 0.43). Pellet groups decayed more rapidly in clear-cuts than in forests (P < 0.001), which was opposite the pattern found in an earlier study. Decomposition rates and detection probabilities that we estimated are conservative and should be generally applicable for designing pellet-count studies in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest with similar environmental conditions. C1 WASHINGTON DEPT WILDLIFE,SHELTON,WA 98584. RP LEHMKUHL, JF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 8 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 4 BP 664 EP 669 DI 10.2307/3809679 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA PL727 UT WOS:A1994PL72700009 ER PT J AU DECALESTA, DS AF DECALESTA, DS TI EFFECT OF WHITE-TAILED DEER ON SONGBIRDS WITHIN MANAGED FORESTS IN PENNSYLVANIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HABITAT ALTERATION; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; PENNSYLVANIA; SONGBIRDS; WHITE-TAILED DEER AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations have been maintained at high densities in Pennsylvania for several decades with unknown effects on songbirds and their habitats. I evaluated effects of white-tailed deer density on songbird species richness, abundance, and habitat. I simulated 4 deer densities (3.7, 7.9, 14.9, and 24.9 deer/km2) within individually fenced enclosures on 4 65-ha forest areas in northwestern Pennsylvania. Within all enclosures, 10% of the area was clear-cut and 30% was thinned. Enclosures were subjected to 10 years of deer browsing, 1980-90, at the 4 simulated densities. I conducted bird counts in 1991. Varying deer density had no effect (P > 0.1) on ground- or upper canopy-nesting songbirds or their habitat, but species richness of intermediate canopy-nesting songbirds declined 27% (P = 0.01) and abundance declined 37% (P = 0.002) between lowest and highest deer densities. I did not observe the eastern wood pewee (Contopus virens), indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea), least flycatcher (Empidonax minimus), yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), or cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea) at densities > 7.9 deer/km2, and the eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), and American robin (Turdus migratorius) were not observed at 24.9 deer/km2. Threshold deer density for effect on habitat and songbirds within managed (100-yr rotation) forests was between 7.9 and 14.9 deer/km2. RP DECALESTA, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 928,WARREN,PA 16365, USA. NR 27 TC 145 Z9 149 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 4 BP 711 EP 718 DI 10.2307/3809685 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA PL727 UT WOS:A1994PL72700015 ER PT J AU CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC SAENZ, D SCHAEFER, RR AF CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC SAENZ, D SCHAEFER, RR TI HEARTWOOD, SAPWOOD, AND FUNGAL DECAY ASSOCIATED WITH RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER CAVITY TREES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ENDANGERED SPECIES; FUNGUS; HEARTWOOD; LONGLEAF PINE; PHELLINUS-PINI; PICOIDES-BOREALIS; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; RED HEART; SAPWOOD; TEXAS ID RAT SNAKES; SELECTION; PINES AB Provision of suitable sites for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity excavation is essential for successful management of the woodpecker. To evaluate internal characteristics of pines used by the woodpecker, we increment-cored longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) to determine heartwood diameter, sapwood thickness, and presence of fungal heartwood decay at 1.3, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 m aboveground in 53 red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees and 53 similar control pines in eastern Texas. Red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees had thinner sapwood and greater heartwood diameter at all heights than did control trees (P < 0.05). Cavity and control trees were similar in height (P = 0.38) and bole length (P = 0.51), but cavity trees were larger (51.1 vs. 48.4 cm diam at breast height [dbh], P = 0.046), older (124.5 vs. 98.5 yr, P < 0.001), and were growing with less vigor (P < 0.001) than were control pines. Red-cockaded woodpeckers require approximately 15-cm diameter of heartwood in which to excavate cavities. Longleaf pines 70-90 years old had sufficient heartwood to house cavities at 6 and 9 m aboveground. Only pines exceeding 90-110 years in age had sufficient heartwood present for cavity excavation at 12 m. However, unlike prior studies, heartwood decay was not detected until trees were > 100 years and did not occur with any regularity until pines were > 120 years. RP CONNER, RN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 4 BP 728 EP 734 DI 10.2307/3809687 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA PL727 UT WOS:A1994PL72700017 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS SIRAGUSA, GR AF DICKSON, JS SIRAGUSA, GR TI CELL-SURFACE CHARGE AND INITIAL ATTACHMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF ROUGH STRAINS OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ADHESION; HYDROPHOBICITY AB The relative negative surface charge and hydrophobicity of four bacterial strains were evaluated by gravity flow and spin column methods. There was no significant difference between the two methods, indicating that spin column chromatography is an acceptable alternative method of determining cell surface charge or hydrophobicity. Six strains of Listeria monocytogenes which exhibited rough colony appearance were evaluated for surface charge and hydrophobicity and their ability to contaminate beef muscle tissue. With one exception, all of the rough strains exhibited greater net negative surface charge and reduced ability to contaminate beef during the initial stages of attachment. Since greater net negative cell surface charge has been positively correlated to attachment to beef tissue surfaces, the reduction in attachment exhibited by the rough strains was interpreted as an indication that attachment to beef tissue cannot be solely explained by cell surface charge. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00941.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PK940 UT WOS:A1994PK94000004 ER PT J AU GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M STAFFORD, AE LIN, JT MAKAPUGAY, MI FULLER, G MCKEON, TA AF GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M STAFFORD, AE LIN, JT MAKAPUGAY, MI FULLER, G MCKEON, TA TI FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN NOVEL UFA MUTANTS OF NEUROSPORA-CRASSA SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE NEUROSPORA CRASSA; FATTY ACID DESATURATION; LIPIDS; OLEIC ACID ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DESATURASE GENE; OLE1 GENE; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; YEAST AB New mutants of Neurospora crassa having the ufa phenotype have been isolated. Two of these mutants, like previously identified ufa mutants, require an unsaturated fatty acid for growth and are almost completely blocked in the de novo synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The new mutations map to a different chromosomal location than previously characterized ufa mutations. This implies that at least one additional genetic locus controls the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in Neurospora. RP GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD OCT PY 1994 VL 140 BP 2683 EP 2690 PN 10 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PN556 UT WOS:A1994PN55600021 PM 8000539 ER PT J AU LOBOS, S LARRAIN, J SALAS, L CULLEN, D VICUNA, R AF LOBOS, S LARRAIN, J SALAS, L CULLEN, D VICUNA, R TI ISOENZYMES OF MANGANESE-DEPENDENT PEROXIDASE AND LACTASE PRODUCED BY THE LIGNIN-DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE CERIPORIOPSIS SUBVERMISPORA; MANGANESE-DEPENDENT PEROXIDASES; LACCASE; LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES ID FUNGUS PHLEBIA-RADIATA; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; RIGIDOPORUS-LIGNOSUS; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; AMINO-ACID; ENZYMES AB The white-rot basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora produces two families of ligninolytic enzymes, namely manganese-dependent peroxidases (MnPs) and laccases, when growing in liquid cultures of defined composition. In medium containing 11 p.p.m. of Mn(II), up to seven isoenzymes of MnP and four isoenzymes of laccase were resolved by isoelectrofocusing (IEF), with pi values in the range 4.10-4.60 and 3.45-3.65. respectively. Occasionally, a fifth laccase isoform of pI 4.70 was also detected. In cultures with 25 and 40 p.p.m. of Mn(II), mainly the MnPs with higher pi values are produced. The isoenzyme pattern of MnP is not altered throughout the growth period of the fungus. MnP and laccase are also produced by C. subvermispora when growing on wood chips of Pinus radiata. Highest levels of both enzymes were obtained during the first week of incubation. A second peak of MnP activity was observed during the fourth week, whereas very low revels of laccase were extracted from the chips after the second week of growth. IEF analysis showed that the pi values of these laccases are similar to those of laccases produced in liquid cultures, being in the range 3.45-3.65. In contrast, four isoforms of MnP were resolved during the first week of incubation on wood chips, with pi values of 4.40, 4.17, 4.04 and 3.53. This profile underwent a transition during the second week of growth, at the end of which isoforms of MnP with pi Values of 3.53, 3.40, 3.30 and 3.20 were resolved by IEF. Immunoblotting studies showed that the molecular mass of MnP isoenzymes from liquid cultures was about 52.5 kDa, whereas the molecular masses of MnPs extracted from wood varied from 52.5 kDa to 62.5 kDa upon ageing of the cultures. The amino terminal sequences of seven MnP isoenzymes were determined. The consensus sequences of MnPs from liquid and solid cultures were clearly distinct, although both showed homology to MnPs from related white-rot fungi. C1 PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE,FAC CIENCIAS BIOL,BIOQUIM LAB,SANTIAGO,CHILE. US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV CHILE,FAC CIENCIAS QUIM & FARMACEUT,SANTIAGO,CHILE. NR 37 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD OCT PY 1994 VL 140 BP 2691 EP 2698 PN 10 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PN556 UT WOS:A1994PN55600022 PM 8000540 ER PT J AU SIKORA, LJ KUYKENDALL, LD DWIVEDI, RS HERMAN, EM ENKIRI, NK AF SIKORA, LJ KUYKENDALL, LD DWIVEDI, RS HERMAN, EM ENKIRI, NK TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A 14-KDA COMPONENT WITH LOW EXPRESSION IN A UNIQUE NOD(+) FIX(-) BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE NITROGEN FIXATION; POLY-BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE; BACTEROID; BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM ID POLY-BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS H16; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ROOT-NODULE; GLYCINE-MAX; BACTEROIDS; AUXOTROPHS; SUCCINATE; MUTATIONS AB A pronase-sensitive, 14 kDa component of bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum I-110ARS was identified and characterized using monoclonal antibodies. This component was weakly synthesized or was missing in bacteroids of a unique Nod(+) Fix(-) mutant. ARS2525. Both the 14 kDa component and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) were located in the same protein peak after sucrose density gradient separation of lysed bacteroids. Thirty-five-day-old bacteroids of B. japonicum I-110ARS contained up to 10 times more PHB than B. japonicum ARS2525 bacteroids. Immunocytochemistry of ultra-thin nodule sections showed that the component was associated with PHB granules in the bacteroids, possibly with the limiting membrane around the granules. This observation implies that the component may be similar to other storage-lipid body proteins. Whether low synthesis of the 14 kDa component or low PHB content was a cause, a consequence or,related to the Fix(-) phenotype was not established. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC. RP SIKORA, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BLDG 318,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD OCT PY 1994 VL 140 BP 2761 EP 2767 PN 10 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PN556 UT WOS:A1994PN55600030 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS RHOADS, ML ALYAMAN, FM AF ZARLENGA, DS RHOADS, ML ALYAMAN, FM TI A TAENIA-CRASSICEPS CDNA SEQUENCE ENCODING A PUTATIVE IMMUNODIAGNOSTIC ANTIGEN FOR BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TAENIA; CESTODE; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; CYSTICERCOSIS; CDNA ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SAGINATA CYSTICERCOSIS; CYST FLUID; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INFECTED CATTLE; DNA; DIAGNOSIS; COMPONENTS; FRACTION; PROTEINS AB A cDNA expression library was constructed in lambda gt11 using poly A mRNA from the metacestode stage of Taenia crassiceps. The library was screened with rabbit antiserum to a previously defined protein fraction from Taenia hydatigena immunodiagnostic for bovine cysticercosis and with sera from cattle with experimentally induced cysticercosis. One clone (lambda TcA2) containing a 279-bp cDNA insert, reacted strongly with both antisera. A second clone (lambda TcA5.5) revealed the full-length cDNA sequence to be 361 bp. Data from Southern blots and enzymatically amplified genomic DNA segments were consistent with multiple copies or a gene family within the genome. The lambda TcA2 cDNA insert was subcloned into the plasmid pPR987 which generated a 47-kDa maltose-binding fusion protein (TcA2-MBP). Affinity-purified TcA2-MBP antigen reacted positively by ELISA with sera from cattle with experimentally induced T. saginata infections but not with sera from cattle with Fasciola hepatica or common gastrointestinal parasite infections. Rabbit polyclonal, monospecific antisera to TcA2-MBP recognized a 10-kDa protein in the cyst fluid, body wall and excretory/secretory products of the metacestode stage of T. crassiceps and immunolocalized this protein to organelles within the matrix of the cyst wall. C1 HELMINTHIC DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, LPSI, BIOSYST PARASITOL LAB, BLDG 1180, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 EI 1872-9428 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 67 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(94)00132-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA PP783 UT WOS:A1994PP78300004 PM 7870126 ER PT J AU GRANSTROM, DE MACPHERSON, JM GAJADHAR, AA DUBEY, JP TRAMONTIN, R STAMPER, S AF GRANSTROM, DE MACPHERSON, JM GAJADHAR, AA DUBEY, JP TRAMONTIN, R STAMPER, S TI DIFFERENTIATION OF SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA FROM 8 RELATED COCCIDIA BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA ASSAY SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA; EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; RANDOM DNA AMPLIFICATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; DNA PROBE ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; AMPLIFICATION; MYELITIS; INVITRO; POLYMERASE; SEQUENCES; HORSE; PCR AB Four isolates of Sarcocystis neurona from horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis and eight species of coccidia from the genera Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma or Eimeria were differentiated using the random amplified polymorphic DNA assay. A single, common, 550-bp DNA fragment was amplified from the DNA of each S. neurona isolate using a 16-nucleotide primer. Crosshybridization analyses among S. neurona isolates showed that DNA fragments had at least partial sequence homology. The primer generated several DNA fragments, including a 550-bp DNA fragment, from S. cruzi, Eimeria falciformis, E. neischulzi, E. ahsata and E. bovis. DNA hybridization analyses indicated no sequence homology between these fragments and the 550-bp DNA fragment generated from S. neurona. The S. neurona 550-bp DNA fragment also did not hybridize with genomic blots of various other coccidia. These results suggest that the S. neurona DNA fragment may be exploited as a species-specific probe for this parasite. C1 AGR CANADA,HLTH ANIM LAB,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. USDA,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. RP GRANSTROM, DE (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,GLUCK EQUINE RES CTR,DEPT VET SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1994.1051 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA PU425 UT WOS:A1994PU42500003 PM 7877630 ER PT J AU DUGAN, FM ROBERTS, RG AF DUGAN, FM ROBERTS, RG TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF CLADOSPORIUM-MACROCARPUM AND C-HERBARUM FROM BING-CHERRY FRUITS SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article ID MYCOSPHAERELLA AB Absence of major morphological discontinuities characterized a series of isolates of Cladosporium macrocarpum and C. herbarum. Conidial size, degree of septation, and relative nodosity of conidiophores all decreased along a series from the former to the latter species. Termini of the series were well separated morphologically and morphometrically. Isolates toward the macrocarpum terminus of the series produced pseudothecia under experimental conditions, whereas isolates toward the herbarum terminus produced sclerotium-like bodies. Based upon the observed morphological continuum from C. herbarum to C. macrocarpum and lacking any evidence that gene flow is restricted between the two taxa, we accept the previously proposed synonymy of C. macrocarpum with C. herbarum. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 513 EP 522 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA PU901 UT WOS:A1994PU90100009 ER PT J AU SHIFLEY, SR SCHLESINGER, RC AF SHIFLEY, SR SCHLESINGER, RC TI SAMPLING GUIDELINES FOR OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE MIDWEST, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Old-growth forests in the Midwest occur in tracts ranging from a few to a few hundred hectares in size. As more resources are directed toward understanding the unique features of these old forests, there will be new opportunities to inventory the vegetation on these areas and to compare the observed composition and structure with that of other old-growth and second-growth forests. Such comparisons are meaningful only if the sampling procedures are sufficiently sensitive to detect differences that are of practical importance. Based on detailed inventories of five upland old-growth tracts in Missouri, Indiana, and Illinois, we examine the relation between sampling intensity in old forests and precision of estimates for (1) measures of stand density, (2) coarse woody debris, and (3) species richness/diversity. Sample sizes necessary to estimates mean basal area and number of trees per hectare within +/- 10% of the mean can often be accomplished with 30 or fewer 0.1-ha plots. Estimating the density of dead trees, the volume of coarse woody debris, or the density of trees by individual species groups within +/- 10% of the mean can require several hundred 0.1-ha plots. Effects of plot size are discussed, and some practical aspects of inventorying midwestern old-growth forests are addressed. RP SHIFLEY, SR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1-26 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 258 EP 268 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA PP739 UT WOS:A1994PP73900003 ER PT J AU LEAK, WB YAMASAKI, M SMITH, ML FUNK, DT AF LEAK, WB YAMASAKI, M SMITH, ML FUNK, DT TI SELECTION CRITERIA FOR FORESTED NATURAL AREAS IN NEW-ENGLAND, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The selection of forested natural areas for research and educational purposes is discussed. Five factors are important: sufficient size; representation of typical communities and sites; documented disturbance histories; acceptable current condition in terms of age, tree size, and successional stage; and administrative feasibility. RP LEAK, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 300 EP 305 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA PP739 UT WOS:A1994PP73900008 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, LM ROUBENOFF, R AF FREEMAN, LM ROUBENOFF, R TI THE NUTRITION IMPLICATIONS OF CARDIAC CACHEXIA SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; FACTOR-ALPHA; SOLUBLE RECEPTORS; BODY-COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NITRIC-OXIDE; SERUM LEVELS; FATTY-ACIDS; INTERLEUKIN-1 AB Weight loss is a frequent sequela in patients with congestive heart failure and is commonly referred to as cardiac cachexia. This weight loss is unlike that seen in simple starvation because it preferentially involves the depletion of lean body mass. In addition, the presence of cardiac cachexia can have profound clinical implications for patients in terms of complications, clinical outcome, and overall cost. The mechanism for the alterations in body composition is multifactorial, but a major cause may be the cytokine-mediated host response to the underlying disease. This article reviews the syndrome of cardiac cachexia in light of recent evidence regarding the role of cytokines, as well as potential therapies. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,N GRAFTON,MA 01536. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP FREEMAN, LM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 65 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 52 IS 10 BP 340 EP 347 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PQ559 UT WOS:A1994PQ55900002 PM 7816351 ER PT J AU GAST, SJ STOCK, MW AF GAST, SJ STOCK, MW TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN OVERWINTERED AND NON-OVERWINTERED IPS-PINI (SAY) (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) IN IDAHO SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SCOLYTIDAE; GENETICS; HETEROZYGOSITY; STRESS AB The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), has two generations per year in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) in Idaho, one that develops in pine slash in the spring and one that develops in live trees in the summer. The summer generation overwinters to produce the spring generation the following year. Non-overwintered and overwintered beetles were sampled from two sites. Average heterozygosity was significantly higher in overwintered beetles in both groups. While the proportion of homozygous individuals did not differ significantly between overwintered and non-overwintered beetles from either site, the proportion of heterozygous individuals was significantly greater after overwintering in beetles from one of the two sites. The increase in genetic diversity after overwintering is consistent with observations that heterozygosity is favored by severe environmental conditions. RP GAST, SJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,TIMBER COOPERAT FORESTRY & PEST MANAGEMENT,1201 IRONWOOD DR,COEUR DALENE,ID 83814, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 4 BP 259 EP 266 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ061 UT WOS:A1994PQ06100001 ER PT J AU GRISWOLD, TL AF GRISWOLD, TL TI A REVIEW OF OCHRERIADES (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE, OSMIINI) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HYMENOPTERA; OCHRERIADES-ROZENI NEW SPECIES; MEGACHILIDAE AB A new Ochreriades is described from Namibia, O. rozeni NEW SPECIES. New records are presented for the only other known species, O. fasciatus Friese, restricted to the eastern Mediterranean. The disjunct distributional pattern exemplified by Ochreriades is uncommon among megachilids. The inclusion of this maculated genus in the Osmiini is confirmed and its relationship to other genera discussed. RP GRISWOLD, TL (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 4 BP 318 EP 321 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ061 UT WOS:A1994PQ06100009 ER PT J AU PEMBERTON, RW AF PEMBERTON, RW TI THE REVIVAL OF RICE-FIELD GRASSHOPPERS AS HUMAN FOOD IN SOUTH-KOREA SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP PEMBERTON, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 4 BP 323 EP 327 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ061 UT WOS:A1994PQ06100012 ER PT J AU THOENES, SC AF THOENES, SC TI DESCRIPTION OF A SLEEPING AGGREGATION OF MALE CHALICODOMA-CHILOPSIS (COCKERELL) (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP THOENES, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 4 BP 328 EP 330 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ061 UT WOS:A1994PQ06100014 ER PT J AU THOENES, SC AF THOENES, SC TI FAN PALM AS AN URBAN NESTING SUBSTRATE FOR XYLOCOPA-CALIFORNICA-ARIZONENSIS CRESSON (HYMENOPTERA, ANTHOPHORIDAE) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP THOENES, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 4 BP 330 EP 332 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ061 UT WOS:A1994PQ06100015 ER PT J AU DANFORTH, HD AUGUSTINE, PC CLARE, RA AF DANFORTH, HD AUGUSTINE, PC CLARE, RA TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF EIMERIA-TENELLA IN A NOVEL ESTABLISHED AVIAN-DERIVED CELL-LINE SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHICKENS AB Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the in vitro development of Eimeria tenella in a novel established avian-derived cell line (designated CEV-1/F7) used for antigen production in chicken immunization studies. Sporozoites of E. tenella were inoculated onto cell monolayers and the cells were fixed at 24-h intervals. Large numbers of intracellular sporozoites were seen at 24 h postinoculation (p.i.), and trophozoites were identified at 24-48 h p.i. Immature schizonts, some with budding merozoites, were seen by 48 h p.i. At 72-96 h p.i., immature and mature schizonts and extracellular merozoites were observed. No merozoite invasion occurred, but immature second-generation schizogony was seen in parasitophorous vacuoles of first-generation schizonts. No further development occurred and degeneration of most schizonts was seen by 120-144 h p.i. The results confirmed synchronous development of E. tenella until 48 h p.i., followed by asynchronous development and ultrastructural degeneration with increased incubation time. C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406. RP DANFORTH, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 80 IS 7 BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.1007/BF00933007 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PM665 UT WOS:A1994PM66500008 PM 7855124 ER PT J AU DANFORTH, HD AUGUSTINE, PC BARTA, JR JENKINS, MC AF DANFORTH, HD AUGUSTINE, PC BARTA, JR JENKINS, MC TI IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO IMMUNOLABELING OF SPOROZOITES, SCHIZONTS, AND SEXUAL STAGES OF EIMERIA-ACERVULINA AND E-TENELLA BY A SPECIES-CROSS-REACTIVE AND STAGE-CROSS-REACTIVE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOST-CELL; SPECIFICITY; INVASION; GRANULES; PROTEINS AB A cross-reactive monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated 1205, was used to study redistribution, parasitophorous vacuole (PV) incorporation, and in situ antigen production during the intracellular parasite development of Eimeria acervulina and E. tenella. Western-blot analysis of sporozoite preparations showed that the mAb recognized antigenic bands at 55 and 80 kDa. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) labeling of sporozoites produced an internal dot pattern. Immunogold electron microscopy (IM) showed labeling of dense granules within sporozoites. The IFA pattern changed to a general-internal label in immature schizonts followed by a surface-tip pattern in mature merozoites both in vitro and in vivo. IM of the asexual stages revealed the same labeling pattern for the in vivo development of both species, and labeling of rhoptries was seen. In vitro, the PV membrane together with amorphous material within the PV was labeled by IFA during schizont development for E. tenella. No IM labeling of either the PV membrane or material within the PV was observed. Sexual stages seen in vivo for both species had the general-internal IFA pattern. C1 UNIV GUELPH, ONTARIO VET COLL, DEPT PATHOL, GUELPH N1G 2W1, ON, CANADA. RP DANFORTH, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, ANIM PARASITOL UNIT, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 80 IS 7 BP 594 EP 599 DI 10.1007/BF00933008 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PM665 UT WOS:A1994PM66500009 PM 7855125 ER PT J AU REDEL, CA SHULMAN, RJ AF REDEL, CA SHULMAN, RJ TI CONTROVERSIES IN THE COMPOSITION OF INFANT FORMULAS SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; 2 PRETERM FORMULAS; COW MILK ALLERGY; PREMATURE-INFANTS; TERM INFANTS; AMINO-ACIDS; DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITIES AB Available infant formulas contain a vast assortment of carbohydrate, protein, and fat sources in an effort to emulate the composition of human milk. Although infants receiving commercial formulas thrive, physicians should be cognizant of differences in formula composition and the research that has resulted in the differences. Such awareness permits rational and scientific recommendations both in prescription of formulas and in direction of research on the optimal formula composition for infants. RP REDEL, CA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT NUTR & GASTROENTEROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP 909 EP & PG 0 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PM430 UT WOS:A1994PM43000005 PM 7936780 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA SCHANLER, RJ YERGEY, AL VIEIRA, NE BRONNER, F AF ABRAMS, SA SCHANLER, RJ YERGEY, AL VIEIRA, NE BRONNER, F TI COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM-METABOLISM IN VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENDOGENOUS FECAL EXCRETION; TERM INFANTS; DUAL-TRACER; HUMAN-MILK; ABSORPTION; KINETICS; FORMULA AB The calcium metabolism of 13 very-low-birth-weight infants fed a high-calcium diet was evaluated by means of stable isotope kinetic and balance studies. The studies used orally and i.v. administered stable isotopes, and the kinetic data were evaluated with the aid of a sequential, three-compartment model. The infants (postmenstrual age 33 +/- 1 wk, weight 1.34 +/- 0.03 kg) had higher bone calcium deposition rates (160 +/- 7 mg.kg(-1)d(-1) or 4.00 +/- 0.18 mmol.kg(-1)d(-1)) than those previously reported for either older children or adults. Furthermore, when analyzed as a function of net calcium absorption, bone calcium deposition rates increased markedly and significantly as net calcium absorption increased (r = 0.70, p < 0.01), whereas in older individuals, bone calcium deposition is a relatively invariant function of absorption. A relatively smaller response of bone calcium removal to calcium absorption was found for the very-low-birth-weight infants in this study (r = -0.39, p = 0.18), whereas in adults, bone calcium removal constitutes the major regulatory response. It is suggested that the calcium kinetic results in the very-low-birth-weight infants reflect the high rate of bone growth typical of the third trimester of gestation. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NICHHD,THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT BIOSTRUCT & FUNCT,FARMINGTON,CT 06030. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,110 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01188] NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 36 IS 4 BP 424 EP 428 DI 10.1203/00006450-199410000-00002 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PH403 UT WOS:A1994PH40300002 PM 7816515 ER PT J AU LU, ZM RADIN, JW TURCOTTE, EL PERCY, R ZEIGER, E AF LU, ZM RADIN, JW TURCOTTE, EL PERCY, R ZEIGER, E TI HIGH YIELDS IN ADVANCED LINES OF PIMA COTTON ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, REDUCED LEAF-AREA AND LOWER LEAF TEMPERATURE SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE; LEAF AREA; LEAF TEMPERATURE; PIMA COTTON; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE ID REGISTRATION AB Advanced lines of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) bred for higher yield potential and heat resistance have higher stomatal conductance and smaller leaf areas than those of obsolete lines. In controlled experiments, five commercial lines of Pima cotton having increasing lint yield and heat resistance showed a gradient of increasing stomatal conductance and decreasing leaf size. In field experiments, heat-sensitive, low yield Pima lines showed a lower stomatal conductance than high yielding, advanced lines. This indicates that selection for high yield potential and heat resistance has imposed a selection pressure for higher stomatal conductance and smaller leaf areas. The higher stomatal conductance and smaller leaf area in the advanced lines resulted in a lower leaf temperature in both controlled environments and in the field. The largest leaf temperature differences between obsolete and advanced lines were observed in the afternoon. These differences coincided with the largest differences in stomatal conductance and the highest air temperatures. Measurements of stomatal conductance and leaf temperature in field-grown progeny from a cross between the advanced line, Pima S-6, and the obsolete line, Pima 32, showed that genetically determined differences in stomatal conductance resulted in corresponding differences in leaf temperature. None of the altered physiological traits were selected for in the breeding program, indicating that selection for the desired agronomic traits imposed selection pressures on the altered physiological traits. The increases in stomatal conductance and decreases in leaf area could represent an integrated response to selection pressures on enhanced evaporative cooling, ensuing from selection for heat resistance. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. PIMA COTTON BREEDING & GENET,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. NR 21 TC 64 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 11 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 2 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.920211.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PN558 UT WOS:A1994PN55800011 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL KAISER, WM AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL KAISER, WM TI DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF NITRATE REDUCTASE AND SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE-ACTIVATION TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC SALTS, IN-VITRO AND IN-SITU SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE DIVALENT CATIONS; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; INORGANIC PHOSPHATE; IONIC STRENGTH; NITRATE REDUCTASE; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE ID LIGHT-DARK MODULATION; SPINACH LEAVES; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; KINETIC-PROPERTIES; RAPID MODULATION; OKADAIC ACID; PHOSPHORYLATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NUCLEOTIDES; INVIVO AB Studies were conducted to compare the modulation of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH):nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) with respect to regulation by the inorganic anions, phosphate (P-i), sulfate and tungstate. Following inactivation of both enzymes in vivo by transferring spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Bloomsdale) to a darkened growth chamber, spontaneous reactivation occurred in vitro when desalted leaf extracts were preincubated at 25 degrees C prior to assay. All three inorganic anions inhibited SPS activation in vitro and also reduced the light activation of SPS in situ when they were fed to excised leaves via the transpiration stream. As expected, feeding tungstate to excised leaves prevented the light-dependent increase in extractable NR activity. However, in contrast to SPS, the light activation of NR in situ was relatively unaffected by P-i and sulfate, and in vitro, both anions stimulated (rather than inhibited) the reactivation of NR. Part of the stimulation by P-i and sulfate was the result of increased ionic strength, and stimulation could also be demonstrated with other inorganic and organic salts. In the presence of high ionic strength (0.1 to 0.2 M KCl), the rate of NR activation in vitro was relatively constant when the pH of the preincubation medium was varied from pH 6.5 to 8.0, whereas in the absence of added salt the rate of activation was nearly zero at pH 6.5 but increased progressively as pH was raised. The stimulation by salts could be reversed, in part, by glycerol and ethylene glycol suggesting that hydrophobic interactions might play some role in the activation of NR. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV WURZBURG,JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH,D-97082 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RP HUBER, SC (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 92 IS 2 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.920216.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PN558 UT WOS:A1994PN55800016 ER PT J AU YUNOVITZ, H GROSS, KC AF YUNOVITZ, H GROSS, KC TI EFFECT OF TUNICAMYCIN ON METABOLISM OF UNCONJUGATED N-GLYCANS IN RELATION TO REGULATION OF TOMATO FRUIT RIPENING SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM; FRUIT RIPENING; ETHYLENE; OLIGOSACCHARIDE; GLYCOPROTEIN; OLIGOSACCHARIN ID LINKED GLYCANS; CELLS; GLYCOPROTEINS; SUPPRESSORS AB The unconjugated N-glycans (UNGs) Man(3)(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc and Man(5)GlcNAc influence tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv 'Rutgers') fruit ripening at nanomolar concentrations. In addition, we have shown a delaying effect on ripening of tomato pericarp discs by 10 ng per g fresh weight Man(5)GlcNAc, one of 10 UNGs purified from mature green tomato pericarp. In the present study, oligomannosidic UNGs from tomato fruit exhibited activity similar to Man(5)GlcNAc. However, complex UNGs isolated from tomato pericarp did not show the same inhibitory effect as Man(3)(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc, a complex N-glycan not detected in tomato. The metabolism of UNGs was also studied by metabolic labelling with C-14-glucosamine, revealing that the amount of oligomannosidic and complex type UNGs may change inversely during ripening. Both C-14-labelled UNGs disappeared after treatment with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation. There was a correlation between the appearance of UNGs and recovery of ripening after tunicamycin treatment. Furthermore, application of 10 nM Man(5)GlcNAc with 40 mu M tunicamycin prevented the delaying effect of tunicamycin. Our results indicate that endogenous unconjugated Man(5)GlcNAc may have a vital role in triggering and modulating tomato fruit ripening. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 663 EP 668 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90334-0 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA PQ585 UT WOS:A1994PQ58500009 PM 7765683 ER PT J AU ELLIGER, CA HALLOIN, JM AF ELLIGER, CA HALLOIN, JM TI PHENOLICS INDUCED IN BETA-VULGARIS BY RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI INFECTION SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BETA VULGARIS; CHENOPODIACEAE; RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI; PHYTOALEXINS; BETAVULGARIN; BETAVULGARIN GLYCOSIDES; FLAVONOIDS; PHENOLIC AMIDES ID SEED BALLS; SUGAR-BEET; AMIDES; ROOTS AB Rhizoctonia solani inoculated sugarbeet roots produced the new beta-xyloside and B-glucoside of 2'-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-5-methoxyisoflavone (betavulgarin) in response to infection. Also formed were 6,7-methylenedioxy-5-methoxyflavone, 6,7-methylenedioxy-5-methoxydihydroflavonol and 3'-methoxy-4',5,7-trihydroxy-dihydroflavonol, not reported previously in Beta vulgaris. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,SUGARBEET BEAN & CEREALS RES UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP ELLIGER, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 691 EP 693 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90340-6 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA PQ585 UT WOS:A1994PQ58500015 PM 7765684 ER PT J AU DUGAN, FM ROBERTS, RG AF DUGAN, FM ROBERTS, RG TI ETIOLOGY OF PREHARVEST COLONIZATION OF RING CHERRY FRUIT BY FUNGI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTHRINIUM; BOTRYTIS; EPICOCCUM; PENICILLIUM; POSTHARVEST PATHOLOGY; STEMPHYLIUM; ULOCLADIUM ID ROT AB During 1991-1993, the colonization of cherry fruit (Prunus avium 'Bing') by Alternaria spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium spp., and other fungi was detected soon after petal fall and thereafter until harvest, when 87-100% of surface-disinfested fruit yielded fungi. Taxa most frequently recovered were pathogenic to ripe, wounded fruit. Receptacular and stylar scars were frequently colonized. Histological sections of receptacle and stylar scar tissues from mature cherries revealed hyphae in walls and lumina of necrotic cells and vascular tissues. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1031 EP 1036 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-1031 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PQ071 UT WOS:A1994PQ07100006 ER PT J AU MOOSE, SP SISCO, PH AF MOOSE, SP SISCO, PH TI GLOSSY15 CONTROLS THE EPIDERMAL JUVENILE-TO-ADULT PHASE-TRANSITION IN MAIZE SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID B-A TRANSLOCATIONS; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; MUTATIONS; LEAVES AB Loss-of-function mutations at the maize Glossy15 (Gl15) locus alter the normal transition from juvenile-to-adult growth by conditioning the abbreviated expression of juvenile epidermal cell traits and the coordinate precocious expression of adult epidermal cell features. These include epicuticular wax composition, cell wall characteristics, and the presence or absence of differentiated epidermal cell types (e.g., epidermal macrohairs and bulliform cells). A transposon-induced mutable allele of Glossy15 (gl15-m1) was isolated and employed in both phenotypic and genetic analyses to characterize the role of Gl15 in the maize juvenile-to-adult phase transition. Comparisons between Gl15-active and Gl15-inactive somatic sectors in the leaves of variegated plants demonstrated that the Gl15 gene product acts in a cell-autonomous manner to direct juvenile epidermal differentiation but does not affect factors that regulate the overall process of phase change. Examination of the gl15-m1 phenotype in the Corngrass1, Teopod1, and Teopod2 mutant backgrounds showed that the prolonged expression of juvenile epidermal traits associated with these mutations also required Gl15 activity. These results support a model whereby the cell-autonomous Gl15 gene product responds to a juvenility program that operates throughout the vegetative shoot to condition the juvenile differentiation of maize leaf epidermal cells. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MOOSE, SP (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,BOX 7614,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 30 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1343 EP 1355 DI 10.1105/tpc.6.10.1343 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA PP656 UT WOS:A1994PP65600003 ER PT J AU DEWEY, RE WILSON, RF NOVITZKY, WP GOODE, JH AF DEWEY, RE WILSON, RF NOVITZKY, WP GOODE, JH TI THE AAPT1 GENE OF SOYBEAN COMPLEMENTS A CHOLINEPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE-DEFICIENT MUTANT OF YEAST SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING LINSEED COTYLEDONS; AUG INITIATOR CODON; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS; SN-1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROL CHOLINEPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; TRANSLATIONAL REPRESSION; MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BINDING-PROTEIN AB Aminoalcoholphosphotransferases (AAPTases) utilize diacylglycerols and cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-aminoalcohols as substrates in the synthesis of the abundant membrane lipids phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. A soybean cDNA encoding an AAPTase that demonstrates high levels of CDP-choline:sn-1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity was isolated by complementation of a yeast strain deficient in this function and was designated AAPT1. The deduced amino acid sequence of the soybean cDNA showed nearly equal similarity to each of the two characterized AAPTase sequences from yeast, cholinephosphotransferase and ethanolaminephosphotransferase (CDP-ethanolamine:sn-1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase). Moreover, assays of soybean AAPT1-encoded enzyme activity in yeast microsomal membranes revealed that the addition of CDP-ethanolamine to the reaction inhibited incorporation of C-14-CDP-choline into phosphatidylcholine in a manner very similar to that observed using unlabeled CDP-choline. Although DNA gel blot analysis suggested that AAPT1-like sequences are represented in soybean as a small multigene family, the same AAPT1 isoform isolated from a young leaf cDNA library was also recovered from a developing seed cDNA library. Expression assays in yeast using soybean AAPT1 cDNAs that differed only in length suggested that sequences in the 5' leader of the transcript were responsible for the negative regulation of gene activity in this heterologous system. The inhibition of translation mediated by a short open reading frame located 124 bp upstream of the AAPT1 reading frame is one model proposed for the observed down-regulation of gene activity. C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP DEWEY, RE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1495 EP 1507 DI 10.1105/tpc.6.10.1495 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA PP656 UT WOS:A1994PP65600015 PM 7994181 ER PT J AU NIEDZ, RP AF NIEDZ, RP TI GROWTH OF EMBRYOGENIC SWEET ORANGE CALLUS ON MEDIA VARYING IN THE RATIO OF NITRATE TO AMMONIUM NITROGEN SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE BUFFER; CITRUS; PH ID PLANT-REGENERATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PROTOPLAST-FUSION; CITRUS-SINENSIS; TRANSFORMATION AB Embryogenic callus from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Hamlin was cultured for 28 days on 20 media arranged in a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial varying in the ratio of nitrate to ammonium nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, and benzyladenine. Fresh weight increase of callus and final medium pH were significantly affected by total inorganic nitrogen and the ratio of nitrate to ammonium. The nitrate to ammonium ratio accounted for 55% of the variation in the fresh weight increase of the callus and 93% of the variation in the final medium pH. Varying the NO3- :NH4+ ratio provided adequate pH control. RP NIEDZ, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/BF00037584 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA QD860 UT WOS:A1994QD86000001 ER PT J AU BAKER, CJ MOCK, NM AF BAKER, CJ MOCK, NM TI AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR MONITORING CELL-DEATH IN CELL-SUSPENSION AND LEAF DISC ASSAYS USING EVANS BLUE SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE CELL VIABILITY; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE; SOYBEAN; TOBACCO ID INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; PLANT-CELLS; TOBACCO; FLUORESCEIN; VIABILITY; INHIBITION; SYRINGAE; SURVIVAL; K+/H+ AB Cell viability or cell death is an important variable to monitor in many studies of host/pathogen interactions. However for studies that focus on events within the first few hours of the interaction, many of the viability assays currently being used are either too laborious and time consuming or measure the cell's temporary metabolic state rather than irreversible cell death. Evans blue has proven over the years to be a dependable stain for microscopic determination of cell death. We have used this stain to develop a spectrophotometric procedure that allows rapid, reproducible quantification of the stain retained by dead cells. This spectrophotometric procedure was used to compare plant/bacteria interactions involving either soybean/Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea or tobacco/P. syringae pv. syringae. Relative increases in cell death during these interactions in suspension cell systems were measured by both the spectrophotometric and microscopic technique and found to be similar. The spectrophotometric procedure was also adapted for leaf disc assays. RP BAKER, CJ (reprint author), USDA,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BLDG 010,HH5,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 270 Z9 298 U1 3 U2 44 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA QD860 UT WOS:A1994QD86000002 ER PT J AU KAISER, WJ ALCALAJIMENEZ, AR HERVASVARGAS, A TRAPEROCASAS, JL JIMENEZDIAZ, RM AF KAISER, WJ ALCALAJIMENEZ, AR HERVASVARGAS, A TRAPEROCASAS, JL JIMENEZDIAZ, RM TI SCREENING OF WILD CICER SPECIES FOR RESISTANCE TO RACE-0 AND RACE-5 OF FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM F-SP CICERIS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CHICKPEA AB Fifty-two accessions representing 11 wild Cicer spp. were screened for resistance to races 0 and 5 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris from Andalucia, southern Spain, in pot-culture inoculations in growth chambers, and 47 accessions were tested for resistance to race 5 in inoculated field microplots in Cordoba, Spain. Resistance to F. o. ciceris race 5 was identified in accessions of Cicer bijugum, C. cuneatum, and C judaicum, and resistance to race 0 was found in accessions of C. bijugum, C canariense, C chorassanicum, C cuneatum, C. judaicum, and C. pinnatifidum. Isolations from asymptomatic plants of inoculated Cicer spp. indicated that the resistant reaction to races 0 and 5 occurred with or without systemic colonization of aerial tissues by the pathogen. No transmission of F. o. ciceris races 0 and 5 was detected in seed harvested from plants of eight Cicer spp. used in the artificial inoculation or microplot studies. C1 CSIC,INST AGR SOSTENIBLE,E-14080 CORDOBA,SPAIN. RP KAISER, WJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 78 IS 10 BP 962 EP 967 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM175 UT WOS:A1994PM17500006 ER PT J AU FERNANDO, WGD LINDERMAN, RG AF FERNANDO, WGD LINDERMAN, RG TI CHEMICAL CONTROL OF STEM AND ROOT-ROT OF COWPEA CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA-VIGNAE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE TOXICITY ID FOSETYL-AL; SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES; EFOSITE ALUMINUM; SRI-LANKA; METALAXYL; PARASITICA; INVITRO; CITRUS; GROWTH; CITROPHTHORA AB The fungicides metalaxyl (Subdue), fosetyl-Al (Aliette 80W), etridiazole (Banrot), and mancozeb (Manzate 200) significantly reduced in vitro mycelial growth of Phytophthora vignae isolates P001 and P006 at most concentrations tested. Metalaxyl was the most effective compound at low concentrations in both in vitro and pot experiments in reducing mycelial growth (1.68 mg a.i./L and 2.45 mg a.i./L for P001 and P006, respectively), oogonia formation (1.03 and 1.07 mg a.i./L for P001 and P006, respectively), and disease severity (10 mg a.i./L), and in increasing plant dry weight (10 mg a.i./L). High concentrations of metalaxyl (50 and 100 mg a.i./L) were phytotoxic and reduced plant and root dry weights. In contrast, fosetyl-Al was effective only at high concentrations. Mancozeb was effective both as a foliar spray and as a soil drench. Etridiazole was effective at low concentrations (5.75 mg a.i./ L) in reducing radial growth of the fungus and decreased disease severity and increased plant dry weight at 50 mg a.i./L. Growth in vitro of strain DF-3101 of the biocontrol bacterium Brevibacterium linens was not affected by metalaxyl and etridiazole, but growth was partially inhibited by mancozeb and completely inhibited by 1,250 mg a.i./ L of fosetyl-Al. Capacity for production of diffusible inhibitors by strain DF-3101 was not decreased significantly by prior exposure to 5 mg a.i./L of metalaxyl or 10 mg a.i./L of etridiazole but was decreased by 10 mg a.i./L of metalaxyl and 50 mg a.i./L of mancozeb on potato-dextrose agar; production of volatile inhibitors was not affected significantly by any chemical. All four fungicides tested were effective against P. vignae and could be used alternatively to reduce the development of fungicide resistance. Furthermore, all fungicides except fosetyl-Al could be applied at low concentrations in combination with bacterial biocontrol agents. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 78 IS 10 BP 967 EP 971 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM175 UT WOS:A1994PM17500007 ER PT J AU HALBERT, SE MINK, GI SILBERNAGEL, MJ MOWRY, TM AF HALBERT, SE MINK, GI SILBERNAGEL, MJ MOWRY, TM TI TRANSMISSION OF BEAN COMMON MOSAIC-VIRUS BY CEREAL APHIDS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POTYVIRUSES; IDAHO AB Bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV) is aphid-transmitted in a nonpersistent manner. BCMV can be subdivided into two serotypes, A and B. BCMV serotype A has been identified in Idaho as the cause of seed lot rejections and occasional crop failures in recent years. We suspected that cereal aphids could be important vectors of BCMV because they comprise a large proportion of airborne alate aphids in Idaho as measured by the Idaho suction trap survey system. Five species of cereal aphids-Diuraphis noxia, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, and Sitobion avenae-were tested along with Myzus persicae for efficiency of transmission of BCMV using timed acquisition probes: D. noxia, Metopolophium dirhodum, and M. persicae were tested in mass inoculation experiments, and winged D. noxia and M. persicae were tested further in an arena setting. All aphid species tested transmitted the virus in all three experiments except D. noxia, which appears to be a nonvector. Transmission efficiencies and average suction trap collections in bean production areas were combined to produce a potential vector index (PVI). Trap collection data for 1989-1992 showed a high correlation between the PVI and the number of hectares of seed beans rejected because of virus infection (r2 = 0.96, P = 0.018). Prior to that (1985-1988), the correlation was poor in that far fewer hectares were rejected than predicted by the PVI. C1 USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. UNIV IDAHO,PARMA RES & EXTENS CTR,I-83660 PARMA,ITALY. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP HALBERT, SE (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN RES & EXTENS CTR,POB AA,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 78 IS 10 BP 983 EP 985 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM175 UT WOS:A1994PM17500011 ER PT J AU WISLER, GC LIU, HY DUFFUS, JE AF WISLER, GC LIU, HY DUFFUS, JE TI BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO 8 SUGAR-BEET FURO-LIKE VIRUSES FROM THE UNITED-STATES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BETA-VULGARIS; RHIZOMANIA; SOILBORNE VIRUS; FUNGAL VECTOR ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA COMPOSITION; POLYMYXA-BETAE; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; GENE AB The degree of relatedness among five beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) isolates and eight other rigid, rod-shaped viruses coined beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV) isolated from sugar beet roots from the United States was evaluated by serology, electron microscopy, fungal transmission, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and host range. Polyclonal antisera to the C-terminal 60 amino acids of the BNYVV coat protein (CP), the 14- and 75-kDa nonstructural proteins, and seven monoclonal antibodies were specific to BNYVV in Western blots. Antisera to the BNYVV CP and its cloned CP reacted strongly with the 22-kDa CP of the BNYVV isolates, but weakly with the 24-kDa CP of the BSBMV. Antisera to the 42-kDa BNYVV nonstructural protein reacted with a 42-kDa protein of all BNYVV isolates and with a 44-kDa protein of all but one BSBMV isolate. No cross-reactivity was observed in reciprocal immunodiffusion tests between BNYVV and the BSBMV isolates using antisera to the CP of each virus. No products were observed for the BSBMV isolates analyzed in PCR using 10 BNYVV primer pairs. The eight BSBMV isolates investigated induced symptoms different from those of BNYVV in several hosts. Two BSBMV isolates tested were transmitted by Polymyxa betae. These eight BSBMV isolates appear to be furoviruses distinct from BNYVV. RP WISLER, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 78 IS 10 BP 995 EP 1001 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM175 UT WOS:A1994PM17500014 ER PT J AU MOJTAHEDI, H SANTO, GS BROWN, CR FERRIS, H WILLIAMSON, V AF MOJTAHEDI, H SANTO, GS BROWN, CR FERRIS, H WILLIAMSON, V TI A NEW HOST RACE OF MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI FROM CALIFORNIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,IAREC,PROSSER,WA 99350. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NEMATOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP MOJTAHEDI, H (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,IAREC,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 2 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 78 IS 10 BP 1010 EP 1010 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM175 UT WOS:A1994PM17500021 ER PT J AU PRATT, RG OCUMPAUGH, WR AF PRATT, RG OCUMPAUGH, WR TI OCCURRENCE OF CERCOSPORA-ZEBRINA ON SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER IN SOUTH TEXAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BEEVILLE,TX 78102. RP PRATT, RG (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,FRU,USDA ARS,BOX 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 78 IS 10 BP 1010 EP 1010 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM175 UT WOS:A1994PM17500019 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, SW REDINBAUGH, MG SHIRAISHI, N VRBA, JM CAMPBELL, WH AF RITCHIE, SW REDINBAUGH, MG SHIRAISHI, N VRBA, JM CAMPBELL, WH TI IDENTIFICATION OF A MAIZE ROOT TRANSCRIPT EXPRESSED IN THE PRIMARY RESPONSE TO NITRATE - CHARACTERIZATION OF A CDNA WITH HOMOLOGY TO FERREDOXIN-NADP(+) OXIDOREDUCTASE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRIMARY RESPONSE; FERREDOXIN NADP(+) OXIDOREDUCTASE; NITRATE; CYCLOHEXIMIDE; ZEA MAYS; ROOTS ID DEPENDENT GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE; REDUCTASE MESSENGER-RNA; NADP+ OXIDOREDUCTASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; COMPLEMENTARY-DNA; NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC TISSUES; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL NITRATE; NITRITE REDUCTASE; RAPID MODULATION AB To more fully understand the biochemical and molecular events which occur in plants exposed to nitrate, cDNAs whose accumulation was enhanced in nitrate- and cycloheximide-treated maize (Zea mays L. W64A x W182E) roots were isolated. The 340 bp Zmrprn1 (for Zea mays root primary response to nitrate) cDNA also hybridized with a probe enriched for nitrate-induced sequences, and was characterized further. Sequence analysis of a near full-length cDNA (Zmrprn1A) showed strong homology ( > 90 % amino acid identity) with a root ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR) of rice, and 45-50 % amino acid identity with leaf FNR genes. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the Zmrprn1A cDNA produced a protein with NADPH: ferricyanide reductase activity, consistent with the enzymatic properties of an FNR. The Zmrprn1 cDNA hybridized with a 1.4 kb transcript which was expressed in the maize root primary response to nitrate. That is, mRNA levels in roots increased rapidly and transiently in response to external nitrate, and low levels of nitrate (10 mu M) induced transcript accumulation. The accumulation of the Zmrprn1 transcript was not prevented by cycloheximide, indicating that the cellular factor(s) required for expression were constitutively present in maize roots. The Zmrprn1 mRNA accumulated specifically in response to nitrate, since neither K+ nor NH4+ treatment of roots caused transcript accumulation. Maize leaves had about 5 % of the transcript level found in roots, indicating a strong preference for expression of Zmrprn1 in roots. Analysis of maize genomic DNA indicated the presence of only a single gene or very small gene family for the Zmrprn1. Together, the data indicate that Zmrprn1A encodes a nitrate regulated maize root FNR. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,OXFORD,NC 27565. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 46 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 679 EP 690 DI 10.1007/BF00013753 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA PQ590 UT WOS:A1994PQ59000013 PM 7948922 ER PT J AU CALVO, ES RODERMEL, SR SHOEMAKER, RC AF CALVO, ES RODERMEL, SR SHOEMAKER, RC TI A 3RD HIGHLY CONSERVED GROUP-1 LEA GENE FROM ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA L SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ABSCISIC-ACID; OSMOTIC-STRESS; EM GENE; EMBRYOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; MATURATION; PROTEINS C1 USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP CALVO, ES (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 106 IS 2 BP 787 EP 788 DI 10.1104/pp.106.2.787 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM921 UT WOS:A1994PM92100046 PM 7991691 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL BAIK, DH AF MARKS, HL BAIK, DH TI SELECTION FOR 8-WEEK BODY-WEIGHT IN 2 RANDOM-BRED CHICKEN POPULATIONS UNDER ALTERED WATER TO FEED RATIOS .2. FEED-INTAKE, WATER-INTAKE, AND ABDOMINAL FAT LEVELS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SELECTION; BODY WEIGHT; FEED INTAKE; WATER INTAKE; ABDOMINAL FAT ID JAPANESE-QUAIL; PROTEIN LEVEL; BROILERS; GROWTH; DIET AB Four experiments were conducted to investigate feed and water intake, feed efficiency, and abdominal fat levels of six lines of chickens developed from two randombred control populations following selection for high 8-wk BW under high (1.6%), low (.2%), and normal (.4%) dietary salt selection environments. The Athens-Canadian Randombreds (AC) and Athens Randombreds (ARB) served as base populations for development of the six lines. Progeny from these lines were evaluated in the first, fifth, sixth, and seventh generations in Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In Experiment 1, abdominal fat levels were shown to be inversely related to dietary salt level. The lowest abdominal fat level was observed in birds fed the 1.6% salt diet and the highest abdominal fat level in birds fed the .2% salt diet. Birds receiving the normal (.4%) salt diet had intermediate abdominal fat levels. In Experiments 2, 3, and 4, selected lines were exposed to different dietary salt levels to measure both line and dietary salt response patterns. Significant (P < .05) differences were observed between genotypes (AC vs ARB) and between dietary salt treatments for BW, feed and water intake, and water to feed ratio. However, there was no evidence of genetic change between lines in abdominal fat level as a result of selection under different salt environments. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1489 EP 1498 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PH896 UT WOS:A1994PH89600003 PM 7816723 ER PT J AU CROOKS, AC WEIMAR, MR STILLMAN, RP AF CROOKS, AC WEIMAR, MR STILLMAN, RP TI THE MACROECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF IMPROVED FOOD ANIMAL HEALTH - THE CASE OF SWINE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This paper responds to the general critique that present health cost estimation techniques ignore the inelastic demand for agricultural products. Because of this characteristic, convention holds that mortality attributed to disease and other health problems may actually serve to support livestock prices and producer revenues above what they otherwise might be. Where in reality the benefits only occur to producers when technology reduces costs more that increased production reduces prices. A holistic approach is undertaken to examine the macro-economic implications of a non-cost-reducing hypothetical technology, induced over a 5 year period, that reduces swine mortality by 1% but does not alter the cost of production per unit. A dynamic simulation model of the livestock industry and the macro economy is employed to trace over a period of time (the years 1992-2000) the implications for an increase in the supply of live hogs by 1% diffused equally over the first 5 years. Estimates are provided for the economic impacts upon retail prices and consumption of beef, pork, broilers, and turkeys; and farm prices, producer revenues, and production for cattle, hogs, broilers, and turkeys. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP CROOKS, AC (reprint author), USDA,ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(94)90033-7 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PP934 UT WOS:A1994PP93400006 ER PT J AU GAGNE, RJ PAYNE, JA AF GAGNE, RJ PAYNE, JA TI VACCINIDIPLOSIS, A NEW GENUS FOR CECIDOMYIA-VACCINII OSTEN SACKEN (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE GALL MIDGE; NEARCTIC; DEERBERRY; VACCINIUM; ERICACEAE AB The adult and pupal stages of Cecidomyia vaccinii Osten Sacken are described for the first time and the larva is redescribed. Vaccinidiplosis Gagne, a new genus in the supertribe Cecidomyiidi, is expressly erected for C. vaccinii. Vaccinidiplosis vaccinii forms a scallop-shaped leaf gall on deerberry, Vaccinium stamineum (Ericaceae). Past records of this gall midge on other hosts are discussed. RP GAGNE, RJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 599 EP 606 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR116 UT WOS:A1994PR11600002 ER PT J AU SCHAUFF, ME YOSHIMOTO, CM HANSSON, C AF SCHAUFF, ME YOSHIMOTO, CM HANSSON, C TI A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ENTEDONINAE (HYMENOPTERA, EULOPHIDAE) FROM NORTH AND CENTRAL-AMERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE CHALCIDOIDEA; NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; EULOPHIDAE; CALLIFRONS AB A new genus and species of the subfamily Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Callifrons maculata Schauff, Yoshimoto, and Hansson are described based on specimens from Costa Rica, Mexico, and the United States (Florida Missouri). Califrons is differentiated from other entedonine genera by the expansion of the upper vertex and frons into two distinct points laterad of the eyes and is considered most closely related to Closterocerus and Omphale. The host is unknown. RP SCHAUFF, ME (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 607 EP 611 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR116 UT WOS:A1994PR11600003 ER PT J AU HENRY, TJ AF HENRY, TJ TI REVISION OF THE MYRMECOMORPHIC PLANT BUG GENUS SCHAFFNERIA KNIGHT (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE, ORTHOTYLINAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE HETEROPTERA; MIRIDAE; SCHAFFNERIA; SYNONYMY; DISTRIBUTION; HOSTS; HABITS; ANT MIMICRY; NORTH AMERICA AB The myrmecomorphic plant bug genus Schaffneria is reviewed, the species S. hungerfordi Knight is synonymized under S. davisi Knight, and S. bureni Knight and S. schaffneri Knight are synonymized under S. pilophoroides (Knight). The genus and the two included species are redescribed, new host and distribution records and comments on ant mimicry are provided, and the relationship of Schaffneria to other genera is discussed. RP HENRY, TJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 701 EP 712 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR116 UT WOS:A1994PR11600011 ER PT J AU HENRY, TJ HORMIGA, G AF HENRY, TJ HORMIGA, G TI VENABLES,BARBARA,ADRIENNE,BROADY 1957-1993 - OBITUARY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Item About an Individual RP HENRY, TJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Hormiga, Gustavo/C-3874-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 767 EP 768 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR116 UT WOS:A1994PR11600020 ER PT J AU KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT AF KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT TI INFLUENCE OF PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN ADMINISTRATION AND SEX ON GLUCOSE AND ENDOCRINE RESPONSES IN OBESE PIGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; GROWING-PIGS; HORMONE; INSULIN; SWINE; METABOLISM; PROTEIN; TISSUE; SECRETION; KINETICS AB The endocrine and hyperglycemic responses to chronic administration of exogenous porcine somatotropin (pST) were investigated in genetically obese intact and castrate male (boars and barrows) and female (gilts) swine. Somatotropin was administered at a dose of 4 mg.pig(-1)/day by daily im injection. After a 26-hr fast on Day 22 of treatment, a loading dose of glucose (0.5 g/kg body wt) was administered iv, and blood samples were collected to determine parameters of glucose clearance and responses to a glucose bolus. Blood samples were assayed for glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and pST. On Day 24 of treatment, blood samples were similarly collected every 15 min for 8 hr, to examine metabolic and endocrine measures In the fed state. After collection of the 5-hr sample, porcine growth hormone releasing factor (pGHRF, 0.5 mu g/kg body wt) was administered iv. Administration of pST reduced feed consumption, increased gain, and resulted in 50% greater efficiency of gain. Plasma glucose was increased with pST treatment in both fasted (44%) and fed (64%) pigs. After administration of glucose bolus, glucose distribution volume and half-life (t(1/2)) were approximately doubled and MCR was reduced 75% in PST-treated pigs. Peak glucose-induced insulin concentrations were increased in pST-treated gilts and barrows but not boars. Concentrations of IGF-I were increased with pST treatment. Concentrations of pST during the sampling periods were influenced by sex and pST treatment. Central pigs responded to GHRF administration with increased plasma concentrations of pST, whereas, no pST response to GHRF administration was observed in the pST-treated pigs. The glucose and insulin results indicate chronic administration of pST to gilts and barrows induces insulin insensitivity and enhances insulin responses to a glucose challenge. The differences among the sexes in pST concentrations in the pST-treated pigs suggest differences in sexual differentiation or activation of the mechanisms of pST clearance. C1 MONSANTO AGR CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP KLINDT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 207 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA PK018 UT WOS:A1994PK01800008 PM 7938036 ER PT J AU GAFFIELD, W KEELER, RF AF GAFFIELD, W KEELER, RF TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONS OF TERATOGENIC NATURAL-PRODUCTS SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products CY JAN 16-20, 1994 CL KARACHI, PAKISTAN SP INT UNION PURE & APPL CHEM, ORGANIC CHEM DIV, CHEM SOC PAKISTAN, H E J RES INST CHEM ID DIFFERENTIATION; HAMSTERS; JERVINE AB Mammalian ingestion of jervane, solanidane, and spirosolane steroidal alkaloids produces craniofacial congential malformations in offspring upon administration during the primitive streak/neural plate developmental phase. Structure-terata studies have shown that hamster teratogenicity induced by steroidal alkaloids is primarily related to the presence of C-5, C-6 unsaturation and secondarily to the molecular configuration at C-22 (spirosolanes and solanidanes). Teratogenic potencies of jervanes and solanidanes are appreciably higher than those of spirosolanes whereas the potency of jervanes is generally greater than that of solanidanes. The enhanced teratogenicity of functionalized steroidal alkaloids implies that their amphiphilic nature may be important in facilitating their passage of the embryonic membrane. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP GAFFIELD, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT-NOV PY 1994 VL 66 IS 10-11 BP 2407 EP 2410 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PM114 UT WOS:A1994PM11400102 ER PT J AU CHOUDHURY, BJ AHMED, NU IDSO, SB REGINATO, RJ DAUGHTRY, CST AF CHOUDHURY, BJ AHMED, NU IDSO, SB REGINATO, RJ DAUGHTRY, CST TI RELATIONS BETWEEN EVAPORATION COEFFICIENTS AND VEGETATION INDEXES STUDIED BY MODEL SIMULATIONS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR PARAMETER; LEAF-AREA INDEX; ENERGY-BALANCE; CROP COEFFICIENTS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LAND SURFACES; RADIATION; FOREST; REFLECTANCE AB Calculations using a heat balance and a radiative transfer model have been done to study relations among evaporation coefficients and vegetation indices. The evaporation coefficients are the crop coefficient (defined as the ratio of total evaporation and reference crop evaporation) and the transpiration coefficient (defined as the ratio of unstressed transpiration and reference crop evaporation), while the vegetation indices considered in this study are the normalized difference, soil adjusted vegetation index, and transformed soil adjusted vegetation index. The reference crop evaporation has been calculated using the Priestley-Taylor equation. The observed variations of crop (wheat) height, leaf area index, and weather conditions for 30 days at Phoenix (Arizona), together with the reflectances of different types of soil in wet and dry states, are used in the simulation. The total evaporation calculated from the model compared well with lysimeter observations. Variations in soil evaporation can introduce considerable scatter in the relation between the crop coefficient and leaf area index, while this scatter is much less for the relation between transpiration coefficient and leaf area index. The simulation results for 30 days of crop and weather data and reflectances of 19 soil types in wet and dry conditions gave significant linear correlations between the transpiration coefficient and the vegetation indices, the explained variance (r2) being highest for the soil adjusted vegetation index (r2 = 0.88) and lowest for the normalized difference (r2 = 0.81). A clump vegetation model is used to address the effect of spatial heterogeneity on the relationship between the transpiration coefficient and soil adjusted vegetation index. These simulated relationships between transpiration coefficient and vegetation indices for wheat are discussed in the context of the relationships derived from observations for several crops and grasses. The present analysis provides a theoretical basis for estimating, transpiration from remotely sensed data. C1 HUGHES STX CORP,LANHAM,MD. US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CHOUDHURY, BJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROL SCI BRANCH,CODE 974,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Reginato, Robert/F-6199-2011 NR 79 TC 280 Z9 314 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90090-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PK819 UT WOS:A1994PK81900001 ER PT J AU SIKORA, LJ YAKOVCHENKO, V KAUFMAN, DD AF SIKORA, LJ YAKOVCHENKO, V KAUFMAN, DD TI COMPARISON OF THE REHYDRATION METHOD FOR BIOMASS DETERMINATION TO FUMIGATION-INCUBATION AND SUBSTRATE-INDUCED RESPIRATION METHOD SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; 2 SOILS; CARBON; ROTATIONS RP SIKORA, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BLDG 318,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1443 EP 1445 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90230-5 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PJ406 UT WOS:A1994PJ40600022 ER PT J AU SOJKA, RE LENTZ, RD AF SOJKA, RE LENTZ, RD TI TIME FOR YET ANOTHER LOOK AT SOIL CONDITIONERS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT AGR ENGN,KIMBERLY,ID. RP SOJKA, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 158 IS 4 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.1097/00010694-199410000-00001 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PP187 UT WOS:A1994PP18700001 ER PT J AU LENTZ, RD SOJKA, RE AF LENTZ, RD SOJKA, RE TI FIELD RESULTS USING POLYACRYLAMIDE TO MANAGE FURROW EROSION AND INFILTRATION SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL CONDITIONERS; AGGREGATE STABILITY; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; WATER-QUALITY; POLYMERS; ADSORPTION; RUNOFF; ENERGY; TESTS AB Furrow irrigation-induced soil erosion is a serious threat to sustainable irrigated agriculture globally. Recent field studies have demonstrated that small concentrations of polymers dissolved in irrigation water appreciably reduce soil loss from irrigated furrows and increase net infiltration (total inflow - total outflow). This paper summarizes polymer-related field studies conducted in Idaho on highly erodible silt loam soils (Durixerollic Calciorthids, Xerollic Haplargids, Haploxerollic Durargids). A range of furrow lengths (163-264 m), slopes (0.5-7%), and inflows (15-38 L min-1) were included in the studies. A moderate-charge-density anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), highly effective for controlling furrow sediment losses, was employed in the field trials. Treatment efficacy depended primarily on application rate, PAM concentration in irrigation water, duration of furrow exposure, and inflow rate. Nontreated furrow soil loss in 75% of the irrigations exceeded soil loss tolerance (T) for these soils, whereas only 13% of the PAM-treated irrigations exceeded T. Those treatments that applied at least 0.7 kg ha-1 PAM (mean, 1.3 kg ha-1) reduced furrow sediment loss by 94% (range: 80-99%) and increased net infiltration by 15% (range: -8-57%). One of the most effective treatments applied PAM at 10 g m-3 in irrigation inflows during the furrow advance period. This initial high-load treatment was nearly twice as effective as a continuous 0.25 g m-3 PAM application on these soils when slopes were 1-2%. The initial high-load treatment protected furrows with slopes ranging from 0.5 to 3.5%. PAM reduced total phosphorus (84% of control value), nitrate (83%), biochemical oxygen demand (72%), and sediment (57%) in treated runoff water. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. RP LENTZ, RD (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT AGR ENGN,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 36 TC 144 Z9 178 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 158 IS 4 BP 274 EP 282 DI 10.1097/00010694-199410000-00007 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PP187 UT WOS:A1994PP18700007 ER PT J AU BUSSCHER, WJ SOJKA, RE AF BUSSCHER, WJ SOJKA, RE TI INTENSIVE CROPPING OF MAIZE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO SOIL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAIZE, INTENSIVE CROPPING; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES, MAIZE AB The long growing season of the southeastern Coastal Plains allows planting of a second crop after spring-planted maize (Zea mays L.). Second crops have been shown to reduce erosion and prevent leaching of nutrients and pesticides. Maize grown with a second annual crop might also have a yield advantage over mono-cultured maize. Seven tillage/cropping systems were compared. They included disking for weed control, disking for seedbed preparation, or no disking. Double-cropped treatments included sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean (Glycine max. L.), a cover crop [crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] or no double crop. Double-cropped soybean yields did not respond to irrigation. They averaged 0.63 Mg/ha over 4 years. This is less than half of the local non-double-cropped yields. Sunflower yields averaged 0.89 Mg/ha, also less than non-double-cropped yields (1.0-2.5 Mg/ha). The best continuous maize yields (7-8 Mg/ha) were from treatments with disking in some phase of the operation. Treatments with lower maize yields generally had higher plant nutrient contents. Double-cropped maize yields significantly (P < 0.10) outyielded mono-cropped maize yields in two of the three years. In 1984, a dry year, the minimum tillage treatment had lower tensiometer readings than the conventionally tilled treatment. RP BUSSCHER, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,POB 3039,FLORENCE,SC 29950, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0933-3630 J9 SOIL TECHNOL JI Soil Technol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 7 IS 3 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1016/0933-3630(94)90021-3 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PQ439 UT WOS:A1994PQ43900002 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ AF MILLERIHLI, NJ TI FUNDAMENTAL-STUDIES OF THE INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONAL RADIATIVE MODEL; STATE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ELECTRON NUMBER DENSITIES; ARGON PLASMA; WIDE-RANGE; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; EXCITATION TEMPERATURE; ANALYTE EMISSION; DISCHARGES C1 USDA,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD OCT PY 1994 VL 9 IS 8 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA RF251 UT WOS:A1994RF25100003 ER PT J AU LAMBOY, WF AF LAMBOY, WF TI THE ACCURACY OF THE MAXIMUM PARSIMONY METHOD FOR PHYLOGENY RECONSTRUCTION WITH MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID DISTANCE-MATRIX METHODS; RELATIVE EFFICIENCIES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; CONSISTENCY INDEX; MOLECULAR-DATA; FREQUENCY DATA; TREES; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMATICS AB The accuracy of maximum parsimony for phylogeny reconstruction using morphological data has never been adequately tested. In this study 128,000 known phylogenies of eight species and their associated discrete unordered character state data sets were generated by computer simulation. In order to mimic morphological data, values of the following seven simulation parameters were varied: 1) number of characters: 2) maximum number of character states per character: 3) number of character state changes per speciation event, and 4) the probabilities of parallelisms, reversals, phyletic changes, and extinctions. Character state data for the known simulated phylogenies were input into the program Hennig86, which found all equally parsimonious trees. The accuracy of maximum parsimony was judged primarily by the percent of time the strict consensus tree was found to be identical to the true tree. Parallelisms, reversals, phyletic changes, and extinctions all significantly decrease maximum parsimony's ability to find the true phylogenetic tree. In addition, maximum parsimony is less accurate when there are fewer characters, more character states per character, and more character state changes per speciation event. For the parameter values considered, maximum parsimony did not do particularly well at finding the true phylogenetic tree. For 24.2% of the simulations, the chance that maximum parsimony found the true tree was less 25%; for 60.2% of the simulations, it was less than 50%; and for 85.2% of the simulations, it was less than 75%. In order to determine the relevance of these results to real data sets, values of the consistency index from the simulated phylogenies were compared to values reported in published plant morphological studies. For simulated data sets having values of the consistency index in the range reported in the literature, maximum parsimony found the true phylogenetic tree only from 0.7% to 27.8% of the time (mean = 10.3%). I advise caution, therefore, in using phylogenies reconstructed from morphological data to make inferences about biological processes or patterns that rely on knowledge of the true phylogeny. Additionally, I raise the question whether the great emphasis in systematics on phylogeny reconstruction using maximum parsimony and other cladistic methods is misplaced. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP LAMBOY, WF (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 66 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 489 EP 505 DI 10.2307/2419773 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA PT339 UT WOS:A1994PT33900001 ER PT J AU CONDON, MA NORRBOM, AL AF CONDON, MA NORRBOM, AL TI 3 SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF BLEPHARONEURA (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) ON A SINGLE-SPECIES OF HOST (GURANIA-SPINULOSA, CUCURBITACEAE) - NEW SPECIES AND NEW TAXONOMIC METHODS SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We describe two new species of Blepharoneura (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Venezuela and Trinidad and redescribe Blepharoneura atomaria (Fabricius), comb.n. Each of the morphologically similar sympatric species feeds on a different tissue of Gurania spinulosa Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae): seeds (B.manchesteri, sp.n.), male flowers (B. atomaria), and female flowers (B.perkinsi, sp.n.). With the help of elementary school children and teachers we developed new methods for detecting and describing wing patterns. We present frequency distributions of character states and describe a denticulate area within the distiphallus that may function as a holdfast. For each species we provide notes on the ecology and behaviour of larvae and adults. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BIOL SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 279 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1994.tb00592.x PG 26 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA QF013 UT WOS:A1994QF01300001 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD RAMEY, HH AF TIMPA, JD RAMEY, HH TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COTTON FIBER STRENGTH AND CELLULOSE MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION - HVI CALIBRATION STANDARDS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CELL-WALL POLYMERS AB High volume instrument (HVI) classing of the U.S. cotton crop has focused attention on fiber quality, particularly strength. Characteristic of polymers is the relationship between molecular weight and physical properties. Cotton fibers composed mostly of the polymer cellulose were dissolved in the solvent N,N-dimethylacetamide with lithium chloride without cleanup or derivatization. Molecular weight distributions were determined by automated, nonaqueous gel permeation chromatography; HVI calibration standard cottons possessing a range of fiber lengths and strengths were sampled. Molecular compositional profiles indicate correlation of higher average molecular weight with greater strength of cotton fibers. C1 USDA,DIV COTTON,MEMPHIS,TN 38122. RP TIMPA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 64 IS 10 BP 557 EP 562 DI 10.1177/004051759406401001 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA PM956 UT WOS:A1994PM95600001 ER PT J AU POLZIN, KM LORENZEN, LL OLSON, TC SHOEMAKER, RC AF POLZIN, KM LORENZEN, LL OLSON, TC SHOEMAKER, RC TI AN UNUSUAL POLYMORPHIC LOCUS USEFUL FOR TAGGING RPS1 RESISTANCE ALLELES IN SOYBEAN SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; PHYTOPHTHORA SOJAE RESISTANCE; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (RFLP); GENE TAGGING; MARKER-ASSISTED BREEDING ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; MARKERS; CULTIVARS; GLYCINE AB The Phytophthora root and stem resistance locus Rps1 has been mapped to linkage group N of the USDA-ARS soybean molecular map, approximately 2 cM from locus A071-1. To determine if A071-1 polymorphisms exist that distinguish and tag different Rps1 alleles, germplasms containing the seven Rps1 alleles were screened with eight enzymes for pA071-detectable polymorphisms. Six enzymes revealed at least one polymorphic fragment. All six detected a polymorphism at A071-1 as determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping, comparison to an EMBL3 clone containing locus A071-1, and Southern hybridization with probes specific for locus A071-1. Screening of the Rps1 donors and 24 rps1- and 15 Rps1-containing U.S. soybean varieties showed that locus A071-1 exhibited three polymorphisms with each enzyme. The polymorphisms detected by one enyme did not always correlate with those detected by the other four, suggesting that multiple mutation events may be responsible for the different A071-1 polymorphisms. Although no combination of alleles distinguished rps1- and Rps1-containing genotypes, polymorphism at A071-1 made it possible to distinguish five groups of soybean germplasms. Thus, the unusual polymorphism of locus A071-1 should useful for following Rps1 inheritance in many breeding programs. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 89 IS 2-3 BP 226 EP 232 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PN768 UT WOS:A1994PN76800014 PM 24177833 ER PT J AU DIERS, BW BEILINSON, V NIELSEN, NC SHOEMAKER, RC AF DIERS, BW BEILINSON, V NIELSEN, NC SHOEMAKER, RC TI GENETIC-MAPPING OF THE GY4 AND GY5 GLYCININ GENES IN SOYBEAN AND THE ANALYSIS OF A VARIANT OF GY4 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE STORAGE PROTEIN; GENOME; RFLP ID ASSOCIATION; SUBUNITS; PROTEIN; ALLELE AB The predominant storage protein of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is a globulin called glycinin. Thus far five genes encoding glycinin subunits have been described, and these are denoted by the gene symbols Gy1 to Gy5. The objectives of this study were to map two of these genes, Gy4 and Gy5, and to conduct a genetic analysis of a subunit size-variant from an allele of Gy4. For this purpose a population was formed with an interspecific cross between PI468916 (G. soja) and A81-356022 (G. max). The two size forms of G4, the subunit from Gy4, segregated codominantly in the mapping population, and were due to a short insertion in the hypervariable region of the mutant protein. The biochemical and molecular characteristics of the two subunits indicate that they are produced from alternate alleles of the same gene. The gene symbols Gy(a) and Gy(b) have been assigned to the normal and variant genes, respectively. When genomic DNA from the two parents was probed with a Gy4 cDNA, RFLPs were identified for both Gy4 and Gy5. Using these genetic markers, the Gy4 and Gy5 glycinin genes were mapped in linkage group ''O'' and ''F'' on the public soybean genomic map. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BIOCHEM,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 89 IS 2-3 BP 297 EP 304 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PN768 UT WOS:A1994PN76800026 PM 24177845 ER PT J AU ROONEY, WL JELLEN, EN PHILLIPS, RL RINES, HW KIANIAN, SF AF ROONEY, WL JELLEN, EN PHILLIPS, RL RINES, HW KIANIAN, SF TI IDENTIFICATION OF HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES IN HEXAPLOID OAT (A-BYZANTINA CV KANOTA) USING MONOSOMICS AND RFLP ANALYSIS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AVENA BYZANTINA; AVENA-SATIVA; RFLP; HOMEOLOGY; C-BANDING; ANEUPLOIDS; RFLP MAPPING ID AVENA; WHEAT AB The use of RFLP markers, together with a partial set of monosomics available in Avena byzantina cv Kanota, has enabled us to identify putative homoeologous chromosome sets in hexaploid Avena species (2n=6x=42, AACCDD). We first identified probes producing distinct three-band patterns on Southern blots that possibly reflect orthologous loci of the three genomes present in the hexaploid. Using monosomic analysis, 51 different restriction fragments that hybridized to 26 probes were localized to 12 different chromosomes for which monosomic stocks were available. These DNA restriction fragments were localized to specific monosomics using image analysis to quantify band intensity relative to other bands in the same lane. From these data, we have tentatively identified two complete homoeologous sets of three chromosomes each and two partial sets of two of the three chromosomes. The results indicate that RFLP dosage analysis is useful in the characterization of homoeologous chromosomes in hexaploid oat where nullisomics for many of the chromosomes are not available. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP ROONEY, WL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,411 BORLAUG HALL,1991 BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 89 IS 2-3 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PN768 UT WOS:A1994PN76800031 PM 24177850 ER PT J AU SWORD, MA GARRETT, HE AF SWORD, MA GARRETT, HE TI BORIC-ACID PHENOLIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE PINUS-ECHINATA PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS ECTOMYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATION SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; PHENOLIC CONCENTRATION; PHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY; SHORTLEAF PINE AB At germination, container-grown shortleaf pine seedlings were inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch or left uninoculated, and both groups were fertilized semiweekly with a modified Hoagland's solution supplemented with 0 or 0.4 mM boric acid. After 12, 16 and 24 weeks, seedling root tissue was analyzed for ectomycorrhizal colonization, phenolic concentration and phenoloxidase activity. In addition, phenoloxidase activity was assayed in P. tinctorius that had been cultured in a liquid medium containing boric acid. Inoculation with P. tinctorius increased the root phenolic concentration of 16- and 24-week-old seedlings, and increased root phenoloxidase activity in 12-, 16- and 24-week-old seedlings. Fertilization with boric acid reduced the phenolic concentration of P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae after 24 weeks. Although boric acid fertilization did not affect the phenoloxidase activity of 12-, 16- and 24-week-old inoculated roots, or that of 16- and 24-week-old uninoculated roots, it increased the phenoloxidase activity of P. tinctorius grown in vitro and 12-week-old uninoculated roots. We conclude that boric acid fertilization influences the phenolic relations of the shortleaf pine-p. tinctorius ectomycorrhizal association, possibly through a boric acid-induced increase in phenoloxidase activity. RP SWORD, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1121 EP 1130 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PK715 UT WOS:A1994PK71500003 ER PT J AU LODGE, DJ MCDOWELL, WH MCSWINEY, CP AF LODGE, DJ MCDOWELL, WH MCSWINEY, CP TI THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRIENT PULSES IN TROPICAL FORESTS SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PUERTO-RICO; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOIL-MOISTURE; LEAF LITTER; DRY FOREST; WET FOREST; DYNAMICS; RELEASE AB Recent research shows that nutrient fluxes are often pulsed in tropical forests, and that pulsed versus gradual inputs have different effects on the fates of nutrients in the ecosystem. Synchrony of nutrient mineralization with plant uptake can lower competition between microbes and plants for limiting nutrients while maintaining tight nutrient cycling, whereas asynchrony can lead to losses of nutrients from the system. Thus, nutrient pulses may play a critical role in maintaining productivity in tropical forests with tight nutrient cycling. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP LODGE, DJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,FOREST PROD LAB,POB B,PALMER,PR 00721, USA. RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047 NR 46 TC 142 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 9 IS 10 BP 384 EP 387 DI 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90060-4 PG 4 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PE122 UT WOS:A1994PE12200014 PM 21236898 ER PT J AU IMAFIDON, GI SPANIER, AM AF IMAFIDON, GI SPANIER, AM TI UNRAVELING THE SECRET OF MEAT FLAVOR SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED MEAT; COOKING TEMPERATURE; BEEF FLAVOR; QUALITY; STORAGE; VOLATILES; GOAT AB Meat flavor arises from the complex interactions among amino acids, peptides, sugars, thiamine, metabolites of nucleotides, lipids and products of lipid oxidation. Previous research on meat flavor has shown numerous volatile compounds to be involved in meat aroma but the identities of specific mixtures of compounds contributing to individual meat flavors are not fully known. Factors that exert significant influence on meat flavors such as the nutritional status of the animal, the animal species and the temperature at which the meat is cooked are discussed. Lastly, it is suggested that the analytical procedures and the interpretation of the data arising from such analyses of meat flavor volatiles may be hindering rather than contributing to our understanding of meat flavor. RP IMAFIDON, GI (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 5 IS 10 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PP183 UT WOS:A1994PP18300002 ER PT J AU WIEDENBECK, JK GATCHELL, CJ WALKER, ES AF WIEDENBECK, JK GATCHELL, CJ WALKER, ES TI DATA-BANK FOR SHORT-LENGTH RED OAK LUMBER SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE LUMBER DEFECTS; COMPUTER-YIELD SIMULATION PROGRAMS; LUMBER GRADES; LUMBER SIZE AB This data bank for short-length lumber (less than 8 feet long) contains information on board outlines and defect size and quality for 426 4/4-inch-thick red oak boards. The Selects, 1 Common, 2A Common, and 3A Common grades are represented in the data bank. These boards are too short to be FAS. The data bank provides the kind of detailed lumber description that is required as input by computer programs that analyze rough mill yield. The data bank format provides more information than do other available board data sets. For Selects grade boards, the qualifying back-face rule used to grade the board is noted. For the other board grades, the percentage of the board-surface measure found in the grading cuttings and the number of cuttings used to determine the grade are given. Tables are included that list the boards by grade, width, length, and quality. These can be used to select subsamples when boards of specified sizes or quality levels are needed for a study. RP WIEDENBECK, JK (reprint author), ADV HARDWOOD PROC & TECH RESOURCE CTR,NE FOREST EXPT STN,PRINCETON,WV, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH EASTERN FOREST EXP STATION PI DELAWARE PA 359 MAIN RD, DELAWARE, OH 43015 J9 USDA FOR SERV NE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Northeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 1994 IS 695 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QR283 UT WOS:A1994QR28300001 ER PT J AU FREDRICKSON, E THILSTED, J ESTELL, R HAVSTAD, K AF FREDRICKSON, E THILSTED, J ESTELL, R HAVSTAD, K TI EFFECT OF CHRONIC INGESTION OF TARBUSH (FLOURENSIA-CERNUA) ON EWE LAMBS SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Efforts to increase livestock utilization of tarbush are being coupled with studies to examine tarbush toxicity. Thirty-eight (19/treatment) ewe lambs were assigned at birth to receive either tarbush or alfalfa (15%, dry matter basis) in a sorghum-based growing ration. Lambs were pen-fed this diet 60 d pre-weaning and 60 d post-weaning. No differences existed between treatments in feed consumption. In the tarbush group, 1 lamb died of unknown causes at 90 d of age, while 3 lambs died between 115 and 120 d of age. There were no deaths in the alfalfa group. Shortly before death, lambs fed tarbush appeared lethargic, disoriented and anorectic. At 122 d of age, 5 lambs were randomly selected from each group. Feces and jugular blood samples were obtained from each lamb before being euthanized and necropsied the following day. All fecal samples were negative for occult blood. Serum gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (P<0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.001) activities and platelet counts (P<0.05) were elevated in lambs fed tarbush, while serum calcium concentrations tended (P<0.10) to be greater. Histologic examination revealed diffuse liver apoptosis in lambs fed tarbush. These data indicate tarbush leaves cause liver damage when fed for extended periods of time. C1 NEW MEXICO DEPT AGR,VET DIAGNOST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87196. RP FREDRICKSON, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 36 IS 5 BP 409 EP 415 PG 7 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA PH290 UT WOS:A1994PH29000001 PM 7839564 ER PT J AU LUNNEY, JK AF LUNNEY, JK TI SPECIAL ISSUE - PORCINE IMMUNOLOGY SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP LUNNEY, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20875, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90113-9 PG 3 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200001 ER PT J AU LUNNEY, JK AF LUNNEY, JK TI CURRENT STATUS OF THE SWINE LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN COMPLEX SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS-II GENES; SLA CLASS-I; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE GENE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MINIATURE SWINE; DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; CROSS-REACTIVITY AB As immunologists expand their knowledge of the complex factors that regulate immune responses it has become increasingly apparent that genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a central role in the processing and presentation of foreign and self antigens. This review is intended to update the reader on the current knowledge of the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex: its genomic structure, the molecular biologic and monoclonal antibody (mAb) probes available for analysis of SLA gene expression, and the role of SLA genes in regulating disease and immune responses. Because of length restrictions, only highlights can be presented. RP LUNNEY, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,LPSI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BLDG 1040,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 79 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90116-3 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200004 PM 7856052 ER PT J AU SAALMULLER, A BRYANT, J AF SAALMULLER, A BRYANT, J TI CHARACTERISTICS OF PORCINE T-LYMPHOCYTES AND T-CELL LINES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SWINE PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SUBSETS; SUBPOPULATIONS; ANTIGEN; SYSTEM; DEFINE; VIRUS AB Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against leucocyte differentiation antigens have altered the way in which immunologists examine the immune system. These mAb allow us to identify distinct surface molecules on leucocyte populations, by which these cells can be classified, isolated and studied for their functional properties. This review summarizes the knowledge about differentiation antigens useful in the characterization of porcine T lymphocytes. Furthermore, it focuses on several properties of porcine T lymphocytes, T-lymphocyte subpopulations and the generation of porcine antigen-specific T-cell lines. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SAALMULLER, A (reprint author), FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,POB 1149,D-72001 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90119-8 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200007 PM 7856062 ER PT J AU BAKER, DG BRYANT, JD URBAN, JF LUNNEY, JK AF BAKER, DG BRYANT, JD URBAN, JF LUNNEY, JK TI SWINE IMMUNITY TO SELECTED PARASITES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ASCARIS-SUUM; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MINIATURE SWINE; CELL SUBSETS; PIGS; LARVAE; MANGE AB Swine parasitism exerts a significant economic impact worldwide. In the United States, the greatest losses are due directly or indirectly to the costs of zoonotic parasitisms. Three of the six most common foodborne parasitic diseases of humans in the United States are associated with pork consumption. These include toxoplasmosis, taeniasis or cysticercosis (caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium), and trichinellosis. Toxoplasmosis is of particular concern because of the fulminating disease that occurs in immunocompromised people. Generalizations and extrapolations of information derived from rodent and human studies, to swine parasitisms, are complicated by immunological differences between the hosts, and by the diverse biological characteristics of internal and external parasites studied. Swine studies thus far reported have demonstrated that protective immunity to helminth infection involves both cellular and humoral mechanisms, with antibodies and antibody-mediated responses playing important roles in preventing establishment of newly acquired larvae. Protection against protozoan parasites is primarily by cell-mediated strategies, whereas protective immunity to arthropod infestation is primarily through humoral mechanisms, principally those associated with type 1 hypersensitivity. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90128-7 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200016 PM 7856043 ER PT J AU LUNNEY, JK WALKER, K GOLDMAN, T AASTED, B BIANCHI, A BINNS, R LICENCE, S BISCHOF, R BRANDON, M BLECHA, F KIELIAN, TL MCVEY, DS CHU, RM CARR, M HOWARD, C SOPP, P DAVIS, W DVORAK, P DOMINGUEZ, J CANALS, A VIZCAINO, JMS KIM, YB LAUDE, H MACKAY, CR MAGNUSSON, U MCCULLOUGH, K MISFELDT, M MURTAUGH, M MOLITOR, T CHOI, C PABST, R PARKHOUSE, RM DENHAM, S YANG, H PESCOVITZ, M POSPISIL, R TLASKALOVA, H SAALMUELLER, A WEILAND, E SALMON, H SACHS, D ARN, S SHIMIZU, M STOKES, C STEVENS, K VALPOTIC, I ZUCKERMANN, F HUSMANN, R AF LUNNEY, JK WALKER, K GOLDMAN, T AASTED, B BIANCHI, A BINNS, R LICENCE, S BISCHOF, R BRANDON, M BLECHA, F KIELIAN, TL MCVEY, DS CHU, RM CARR, M HOWARD, C SOPP, P DAVIS, W DVORAK, P DOMINGUEZ, J CANALS, A VIZCAINO, JMS KIM, YB LAUDE, H MACKAY, CR MAGNUSSON, U MCCULLOUGH, K MISFELDT, M MURTAUGH, M MOLITOR, T CHOI, C PABST, R PARKHOUSE, RM DENHAM, S YANG, H PESCOVITZ, M POSPISIL, R TLASKALOVA, H SAALMUELLER, A WEILAND, E SALMON, H SACHS, D ARN, S SHIMIZU, M STOKES, C STEVENS, K VALPOTIC, I ZUCKERMANN, F HUSMANN, R TI OVERVIEW OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP TO DEFINE SWINE LEUKOCYTE CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION (CD) ANTIGENS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NATURAL-KILLER; FEVER VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET VIROL & IMMUNOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG,DENMARK. CENT DIERGENEESKUNDIG INST,8200 AB LELYSTAD,NETHERLANDS. BABRAHAM INST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 4AT,ENGLAND. UNIV MELBOURNE,CTR ANIM BIOTECHNOL,MELBOURNE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. PIG RES INST,MIAOLI 35099,TAIWAN. AFRC,INST ANIM HLTH,NEWBURY RG16 0NN,BERKS,ENGLAND. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV AGR BRNO,DEPT MORPHOL & PHYSIOL FARM ANIM,CS-61300 BRNO,CZECH REPUBLIC. INST NACL INVEST AGR,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV HLTH SCI CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. INRA,VIROL & IMMUNOL MOLEC LAB,F-78350 JOUY EN JOSAS,FRANCE. BASEL INST IMMUNOL,CH-4005 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. INST VIRUSKRANKHEITEN & IMMUNOPROPHYLAXE,CH-3147 MITTELHAUSERN,SWITZERLAND. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65212. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. HANNOVER MED SCH,W-3000 HANNOVER 61,GERMANY. AFRC,INST ANIM HLTH,PIRBRIGHT LAB,WOKING GU24 0NF,SURREY,ENGLAND. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST MICROBIOL,DEPT IMMUNOL,CR-14220 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,W-7400 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. INRA,IMMUNOL LAB,F-37380 MONNAIE,FRANCE. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP E,TRANSPLANTAT BIOL RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02129. NATL INST ANIM HLTH,IBARAKI 305,OSAKA,JAPAN. UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT VET MED,BRISTOL BS18 7DV,AVON,ENGLAND. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC MED,DEPT BIOL,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP LUNNEY, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Mackay, Charles/A-9673-2008; salmon, henri/B-2605-2010; Vopenkova, Katerina/C-7133-2012; Pospisil, Richard/B-7467-2012; Dvorak, Petr/G-2509-2013; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015; Dvorak, Petr/N-8936-2016; Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/G-6299-2015; OI Mackay, Charles/0000-0002-6338-7340; Dvorak, Petr/0000-0002-3229-140X; Dvorak, Petr/0000-0002-3229-140X; Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-1502-8968; Misfeldt, Michael/0000-0001-5598-6637 NR 35 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90136-8 PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200024 PM 7856053 ER PT J AU LUNNEY, JK WALKER, K GOLDMAN, T AF LUNNEY, JK WALKER, K GOLDMAN, T TI ANALYSES OF ANTI-HUMAN CD MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES FOR CROSS-REACTIONS WITH SWINE CELL ANTIGENS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID REACTIVITY AB For the First International Swine CD Workshop an effort was made to include commercially available anti-human CD monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that had been prescreened to determine whether they were cross-reactive with swine cell CD antigens. Thus before the actual workshop began, ten companies were contacted to determine whether they would participate in this effort. Four companies (Dako Corporation, Carpenteria, CA; T Cell Sciences, Cambridge, MA; Bioproducts for Science, Indianapolis, IN; PharMingen, SanDiego, CA) provided a total of 38 mAb for tests of cross-reactions with swine cell antigens. Two companies (Coulter, Hialeah, FL and Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA) declined to participate because of the low likelihood of positive cross-reactions, Several other companies (Behringewerke, Marburg, Germany; Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN; Biosource International, Camarillo, CA; Applied Immune Sciences, Menlo Park, CA) were interested but either had problems in preparing the mAb in time for US importation or in providing the quantities necessary free to the workshop. The studies described below verify that few anti-human CD mAb exhibit consistent, predictable cross-reactions on pig cells; of the seven mAb that showed reactivity on swine cells only one mAb, Dako's anti-CD18, showed consistent reactivity with every pig tested and at the expected intensity level. RP LUNNEY, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,LPSI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BLDG 1040,ROOM 2,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90137-6 PG 4 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200025 PM 7856054 ER PT J AU CARR, MM LUNNEY, JK ARN, S AASTED, B BINNS, RM DAVIS, WC CHOI, C HOWARD, CJ MISFELDT, M MOLITOR, T MURTAUGH, M PESCOVITZ, M SAALMULLER, A SACHS, D SOPP, P WALKER, K AF CARR, MM LUNNEY, JK ARN, S AASTED, B BINNS, RM DAVIS, WC CHOI, C HOWARD, CJ MISFELDT, M MOLITOR, T MURTAUGH, M PESCOVITZ, M SAALMULLER, A SACHS, D SOPP, P WALKER, K TI SUMMARY OF FIRST-ROUND CLUSTER-ANALYSIS - COMPLETE ANTIBODY PANEL SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM AB The reactivities of 141 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with 60 target cell types or lines were analysed by flow cytometry and the data subjected to statistical clustering. mAbs were assigned to 23 clusters by statistical similarity and information on specificity supplied by the contributor. Clustered mAbs were examined in more detail in the second round of workshop analyses. C1 USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP E,TRANSPLANTAT BIOMED RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02129. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET VIROL & IMMUNOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. BABRAHAM INST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 4AT,ENGLAND. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65212. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,W-7400 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RP CARR, MM (reprint author), AFRC,INST ANIM HLTH,NEWBURY RG16 0NN,BERKS,ENGLAND. OI Misfeldt, Michael/0000-0001-5598-6637 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90138-4 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200026 PM 7856055 ER PT J AU SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK MAURER, S PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H TLASKALOVA, H VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS WEILAND, E ZUCKERMANN, F AF SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK MAURER, S PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H TLASKALOVA, H VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS WEILAND, E ZUCKERMANN, F TI SUMMARY OF WORKSHOP FINDINGS FOR PORCINE T-LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGENS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SWINE LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS AB Fifty-four mAb preselected in the first round of the first porcine CD workshop for their possible reactivity with T-lymphocyte specific antigens and/or activation antigens were further analysed in a second round. PBMC, thymocytes and nylon-wool purified T lymphocytes derived from peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen served as target cells for flow cytometric analyses. For the classification of activation antigens several experiments were performed with activated, mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes and long-term T-lymphocyte cultures. Out of the 54 mAb, 35 mAb could be distributed to six different CD clusters and two swine workshop clusters (SWC). Five mAb could be distributed to the porcine CD2, four mAb to the CD4. Six mAb seemed to recognize the porcine CD5 and two mAb the porcine CD6 analogue. Six mAb were directed against the porcine CD8, whereas two different epitopes could be defined. One mAb was directed against the porcine CD25 analogue. Nine mAb could be clustered to the SWC1, defining an antigen on T lymphocytes and cells of the myeloic linage. Two mAb with high T-cell specificity were clustered to the SWC2. C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET VIROL & IMMUNOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. INST NACL INVEST AGR,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST MICROBIOL,DEPT IMMUNOL,CR-14220 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. INRA,IMMUNOL LAB,F-37380 MONNAIE,FRANCE. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,DEPT BIOL,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SAALMULLER, A (reprint author), FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,POB 1149,D-72001 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RI salmon, henri/B-2605-2010; Pospisil, Richard/B-7467-2012; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015 NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90139-2 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200027 PM 7856056 ER PT J AU PESCOVITZ, MD AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J VIZCAINO, JS POSPISIL, R SINKORA, J SALMON, H VALPOTIC, I DAVIS, WC ARN, S SACHS, DH LUNNEY, JK ZUCKERMAN, F WEILAND, E SAALMULLER, A AF PESCOVITZ, MD AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J VIZCAINO, JS POSPISIL, R SINKORA, J SALMON, H VALPOTIC, I DAVIS, WC ARN, S SACHS, DH LUNNEY, JK ZUCKERMAN, F WEILAND, E SAALMULLER, A TI ANALYSIS OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES REACTIVE WITH THE PORCINE CD2 ANTIGEN SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM AB As result of the First International Swine CD Workshop, six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (numbers 014, 023, 024, 057, 128, and 130) clustered closely to the internal standard anti-porcine CD2 mAb, MSA4. Despite the close clustering, the cluster was split into two subgroups. To further characterize the relationship between these mAbs, they were used in flow cytometry to inhibit binding of MSA4 to porcine lymphocytes. mAbs 014 (1038-8-31), 023 (MAC83), 024 (MAC80), 057 (PG168), and 128 (MSA4) completely inhibited the binding of MSA4, mAb 130 (MSA2) failed to inhibit MSA4 binding. On dual parameter flow cytometry comparing MSA2 with MSA4, all MSA2(+) cells were MSA4(+), two thirds of the MSA4(+) cells were MSA2(-). We conclude that five of the mAbs bind to the same or a closely related epitope on porcine lymphocytes. mAb 130 appears to have aberrantly clustered with the CD2 group of mAb. C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. INIA,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,MADRID,SPAIN. INST MICROBIOL,PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. LAB IMMUNOL,NOUZILLY MONNAIE,FRANCE. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,DEPT BIOL,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP E,TRANSPLANTAT BIOL RES CTR,BOSTON,MA. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. COLL VET MED,URBANA,IL. FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,W-7400 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RP PESCOVITZ, MD (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. RI salmon, henri/B-2605-2010; Pospisil, Richard/B-7467-2012; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015 NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90140-6 PG 4 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200028 PM 7531904 ER PT J AU PESCOVITZ, MD AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J VIZCAINO, JS POSPISIL, R TREBICHAVSKY, I SALMON, H VALPOTIC, I DAVIS, WC ARN, S SACHS, DH LUNNEY, JK ZUCKERMAN, F WEILAND, E SAALMUELLER, A AF PESCOVITZ, MD AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J VIZCAINO, JS POSPISIL, R TREBICHAVSKY, I SALMON, H VALPOTIC, I DAVIS, WC ARN, S SACHS, DH LUNNEY, JK ZUCKERMAN, F WEILAND, E SAALMUELLER, A TI ANALYSIS OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES REACTIVE WITH THE PORCINE CD4 ANTIGEN SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID SWINE AB As result of the First International Swine CD Workshop, four monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (#002, 054, 118, and 127) clustered closely to the internal standard anti-porcine CD4 mAb, 74-12-4. To further characterize the relationship between these mAb, they were used in flow cytometry to inhibit binding of 74-12-4 to porcine lymphocytes. mAb #002 (74-12-4) and #054 (PT90) completely inhibited, while mAb #127 (10.2H2) and #118 (b38c6) partially inhibited (57% and 77% respectively), the binding of 74-12-4. Furthermore, none of the mAbs bound to a 74-12-4 negative strain of pigs. We conclude that the four mAb bind to the same, or a closely related, epitope on porcine lymphocytes. C1 FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,W-7400 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG & MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. INIA,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,MADRID,SPAIN. INST MICROBIOL,PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. LAB IMMUNOL,NOUZILLY MONNAIE,FRANCE. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,DEPT BIOL,ZAGREB,CROATIA. DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP E,TRANSPLANTAT BIOL RES CTR,BOSTON,MA. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. COLL VET MED,URBANA,IL. RI salmon, henri/B-2605-2010; Pospisil, Richard/B-7467-2012; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015 NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90141-4 PG 4 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200029 PM 7531905 ER PT J AU SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK MAURER, S PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H SUMMERFIELD, A TLASKALOVA, H VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS WEILAND, E ZUCKERMANN, F AF SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK MAURER, S PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H SUMMERFIELD, A TLASKALOVA, H VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS WEILAND, E ZUCKERMANN, F TI ANALYSES OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES REACTIVE WITH PORCINE CD5 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID LYMPHOCYTES-T; DIFFERENTIATION; SHEEP; SWINE AB Among all monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) analyzed in the first porcine CD workshop, six mAbs showed reactivity to the porcine CD5 antigen (workshop mAbs 067, 068, 069, 070, 071 and 119). Because of lack of immunoprecipitation studies for five (067, 068, 069, 070 and 071) out of the six mAbs, only one mAb (119) could be definitely characterized as mAb against the monomeric 63 kDa porcine CD5 antigen. The five other mAbs included in this cluster are characterized by an identical labelling pattern in FCM and competition of the CD5 epitope recognized by mAb 119. These mAbs were allocated to the wCD5 subcluster. C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET VIROL & IMMUNOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. INIA,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG & MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST MICROBIOL,DEPT IMMUNOL,CR-14220 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. INRA,IMMUNOL LAB,F-37380 MONNAIE,FRANCE. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,DEPT BIOL,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SAALMULLER, A (reprint author), FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,POB 1149,D-72001 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RI salmon, henri/B-2605-2010; Pospisil, Richard/B-7467-2012; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015; OI Summerfield, Artur/0000-0001-8292-4634 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90142-2 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200030 PM 7531906 ER PT J AU SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK MAURER, S PAULY, T PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H TREBICHAVSKY, I VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS WEILAND, E ZUCKERMANN, F AF SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK MAURER, S PAULY, T PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H TREBICHAVSKY, I VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS WEILAND, E ZUCKERMANN, F TI ANALYSES OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES REACTIVE WITH PORCINE CD6 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID ANTIGENS; LYMPHOCYTES; SWINE AB Amongst the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) submitted to the first porcine CD workshop, two mAbs (workshop numbers 055 and 120) could be identified to recognize the porcine CD6 analogue. Both mAbs seemed to be highly T-cell specific and showed neither reactivity with cells of the myeloic lineage nor with B lymphocytes. The observed molecular mass of the antigen precipitated by mAb 120 of 110 kDa confirmed this classification. Without molecular analyses of the antigen recognized by mAb 055, but similar staining pattern in FCM compared with 120, mAb 055 was allocated to the wCD6 subcluster. C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET VIROL & IMMUNOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. INIA,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG & MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST MICROBIOL,DEPT IMMUNOL,CR-14220 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. INRA,IMMUNOL LAB,F-37380 MONNAIE,FRANCE. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,DEPT BIOL,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SAALMULLER, A (reprint author), FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,POB 1149,D-72001 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RI salmon, henri/B-2605-2010; Pospisil, Richard/B-7467-2012; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015 NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90143-0 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200031 PM 7531907 ER PT J AU SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK MAURER, S PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H TREBICHAVSKY, I VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS ZUCKERMANN, F AF SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK MAURER, S PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H TREBICHAVSKY, I VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS ZUCKERMANN, F TI ANALYSES OF MAB REACTIVE WITH PORCINE CD8 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID LYMPHOCYTES-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENS; SUBSET; MOUSE AB Among all mAb submitted to the first porcine CD workshop, based on FCM analyses six mAb could be identified to recognize the porcine CD8 analogue (workshop Nos. 004, 051, 052, 053, 108 and 109). In immunoprecipitation studies three mAb (Nos. 004, 108 and 109) recognized an antigen with an apparent molecular mass of about 35 kDa under reducing conditions and about 70 kDa under non-reducing conditions. The molecular masses of the antigens recognized by the three other mAb (Nos. 051, 052 and 053) are still unknown. Epitope analyses performed by blocking experiments led to the determination of two CD8 epitopes: CD8a and CD8b. CD8a is recognized by mAb Nos. 004, 051 and 052, and CD8b by Nos. 053, 108 and 109. C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET VIROL & IMMUNOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. INIA,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG & MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST MICROBIOL,DEPT IMMUNOL,CR-14220 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. INRA,IMMUNOL LAB,F-37380 MONNAIE,FRANCE. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,DEPT BIOL,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SAALMULLER, A (reprint author), FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,POB 1149,D-72001 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RI salmon, henri/B-2605-2010; Pospisil, Richard/B-7467-2012; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015 NR 11 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90144-9 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200032 PM 7531908 ER PT J AU SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK PAULY, T PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H SINKORA, J SUMMERFIELD, A VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS ZUCKERMANN, F AF SAALMULLER, A AASTED, B CANALS, A DOMINGUEZ, J GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK PAULY, T PESCOVITZ, MD POSPISIL, R SALMON, H SINKORA, J SUMMERFIELD, A VALPOTIC, I VIZCAINO, JS ZUCKERMANN, F TI ANALYSIS OF MAB REACTIVE WITH THE PORCINE SWC1 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID SWINE AB Among 54 mAb determined to be reactive with porcine T lymphocytes and/or activation antigens, eight mAb (workshop Nos. 005, 031, 080, 091, 092, 093, 094 and 110) derived from different laboratories grouped together in the T11 cluster and were ordered into the SWC1. One mAb (No. 111) which belong also to this group was lost during the workshop. The SWC1 antigen is a molecule expressed on the majority of leukocytes, resting T lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, but not on B lymphocytes. On T Iymphocytes it is down-regulated after activation. The molecular mass of the antigen is unknown. Epitope analyses revealed that seven out of the nine mAb recognized similar epitopes on the SWC1 molecule. C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET VIROL & IMMUNOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. INIA,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG & MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST MICROBIOL,DEPT IMMUNOL,CR-14220 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. INRA,IMMUNOL LAB,F-37380 MONNAIE,FRANCE. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,DEPT BIOL,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SAALMULLER, A (reprint author), FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM,POB 1149,D-72001 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RI salmon, henri/B-2605-2010; Pospisil, Richard/B-7467-2012; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015; OI Summerfield, Artur/0000-0001-8292-4634 NR 3 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90145-7 PG 4 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200033 PM 7531909 ER PT J AU BLECHA, F KIELIAN, T MCVEY, DS LUNNEY, JK WALKER, K STOKES, CR STEVENS, K KIM, YB CHU, RM CHEN, TS MURTAUGH, MP CHOI, C MOLITOR, TW MCCULLOUGH, K PESCOVITZ, MD AF BLECHA, F KIELIAN, T MCVEY, DS LUNNEY, JK WALKER, K STOKES, CR STEVENS, K KIM, YB CHU, RM CHEN, TS MURTAUGH, MP CHOI, C MOLITOR, TW MCCULLOUGH, K PESCOVITZ, MD TI WORKSHOP STUDIES ON MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES REACTIVE AGAINST PORCINE MYELOID CELLS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM AB Investigators from eight laboratories analyzed the reactivity of 22 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against porcine myeloid cells. Based on binding data, clustering analysis, and inhibition studies, workshop mAb 74-22-15 (003) and 6F3 (007) were assigned a swine workshop cluster number 3 (SWC3). These mAb recognized macrophages and neutrophils; a monocyte/macrophage-specific mAb was not identified by this workship. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT VET MED,BRISTOL BS18 7DU,AVON,ENGLAND. UNIV HLTH SCI CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. PIG RES INST,MIAOLI 35099,TAIWAN. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CLIN & POPULAT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. INST VIRUSKRANKHEITEN & IMMUNOPROPHYLAXE,CH-3147 MITTELHAUSEN,SWITZERLAND. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT SURG MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. RP BLECHA, F (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT & PHYSIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 3 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90147-3 PG 4 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200035 PM 7856058 ER PT J AU KIM, YB ZHANG, J DAVIS, WC LUNNEY, JK AF KIM, YB ZHANG, J DAVIS, WC LUNNEY, JK TI CD11/CD18 PANEL REPORT FOR SWINE CD WORKSHOP SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID BETA-SUBUNIT; NATURAL-KILLER; LFA-1; FAMILY; CELLS AB Five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), PNK-I (W #037), H20A (W #077), MUC76A (W #078), MVC93A (W #079) and MHM23 (W #136) of CD11/18 panels reacted with 80-96% of porcine PBMC and PMN. Epitope mapping studies by competitive binding of mAb by flow cytometric analysis based on PNK-I as CD18 epitope defining antibody resulted H20A and MHM23 mAbs bind to the same shared epitope as PNK-I, but MUC76A and MUC93A mAbs were distinct from PNK-I. Thus, PNK-I, H20A and MHM23 were designated as CD18a mAbs. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KIM, YB (reprint author), UNIV HLTH SCI CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,3333 GREEN BAY RD,N CHICAGO,IL 60064, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90150-3 PG 3 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200038 PM 7531911 ER PT J AU ZUCKERMANN, FA BINNS, RM HUSMANN, R YANG, HZ CARR, MM KIM, YB DAVIS, WC MISFELDT, M LUNNEY, JK AF ZUCKERMANN, FA BINNS, RM HUSMANN, R YANG, HZ CARR, MM KIM, YB DAVIS, WC MISFELDT, M LUNNEY, JK TI ANALYSES OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES REACTIVE WITH PORCINE CD44 AND CD45 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, at the 3rd International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY AUG 16, 1992 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP INT UNION IMMUNOL SCIENTISTS, VET IMMUNOL COMM ID ANTIGENS; LCA AB Twenty-six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), assigned to the CD44/CD45 section of the First International Swine CD Workshop, were compared for their reactivity against a selected group of target cells by one- and two-color flow cytometric analysis. Based on staining and reactivity patterns the 26 mAbs were assigned to six groups, group Fl mAbs were designated CD44 mAbs; and groups F2 and F3 as CD45 mAbs. With the information available, a CD designation could not be given to the mAbs in groups F4, F5 or F6 consisting of four, three and four mAbs each, respectively. The reactivity of all six mAbs in group Fl (MAC35, 25-32, PORC24A, H22A, BAG40A, and BAT31A) was blocked by soluble porcine CD44. One mAb in this group (MAC325) reacted with a cell surface protein with a molecular weight of 80 kDa and was designated as CD44; the other five mAbs were designated as wCD44 because no molecular weight was known. Blocking experiments utilizing a cross reactive anti-human CD44 (mAb Z062) allowed the definition of the wCD44a epitope recognized by mAbs PORC24A and H22A. The group F2 mAbs (74-9-3; MAC323; K252.1E4; and 2A5) were designated as CD45 based on their broad reactivity pattern with lymphoid and myeloid cells and their ability to immunoprecipitate three C1 BABRAHAM INST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 4AT,ENGLAND. AFRC,INST ANIM HLTH,PIRBRIGHT LAB,WOKING GU24 0NF,SURREY,ENGLAND. AFRC,INST ANIM HLTH,NEWBURY RG16 0NN,BERKS,ENGLAND. UNIV HLTH SCI CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65212. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ZUCKERMANN, FA (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,S LINCOLN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. OI Misfeldt, Michael/0000-0001-5598-6637 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90151-1 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP092 UT WOS:A1994PP09200039 PM 7531912 ER PT J AU GASBARRE, LC AF GASBARRE, LC TI OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI - CHANGES IN LYMPHOID POPULATIONS IN THE LOCAL LYMPHOID-TISSUES AFTER PRIMARY OR SECONDARY INFECTION SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; CATTLE NEMATODA; PATHOLOGY NEMATODA ID T-CELLS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; IGE RESPONSE; CATTLE; NEMATODES; MICE AB The purpose of this study was to begin to define the changes in the local lymphoid tissues that accompany Ostertagia ostertagi infection in naive and immunized calves. Abomasal lymph nodes were taken from calves beginning as early as 2 days post-infection. Phenotypic changes in the resulting lymphocyte populations were assessed by flow cytometry utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for the cell surface determinates CD2, CD4, and CD8. Changes in antigen specificity were determined by limiting dilution analysis utilizing antigen derived from fourth-stage O. ostertagi. Primary infection of naive calves caused a rapid 30-40% decrease in the percentage of T cells in the abomasal lymph nodes. This decrease in T cell percentage was due to a decrease in cells bearing the CD4 marker, a marker usually associated with helper T cells. Immunized calves were able to maintain normal T cell percentages of 50-60% for the first 5 weeks of infection. Immunization greatly increased the total number of Ostertagia-specific T cells in the abomasal lymph nodes owing to a marked increase in the size of the lymph nodes. Challenge infection of naive and immunized calves caused an increase in the frequency of parasite-specific T cells in both groups, but the increase was more rapid in the previously immunized calves. Within 5 weeks of infection, Ostertagia-specific cells could not be detected in the abomasal lymph nodes. These results indicate that the critical time period for expansion and regulation of Ostertagia-specific T cells in infected calves is early in the infection at a time that coincides with larval development. In addition, previous exposure to parasite antigens appears to result in more rapid responses and in the maintenance of normal ratios of T cell subpopulations in the draining lymphoid tissues. RP GASBARRE, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(94)90060-4 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA PR508 UT WOS:A1994PR50800010 PM 7886908 ER PT J AU REN, DL LEE, LF COUSSENS, PM AF REN, DL LEE, LF COUSSENS, PM TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS GENES HOMOLOGOUS TO ICP27 AND GLYCOPROTEIN-K OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS-1 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMEDIATE-EARLY PROTEIN; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY PROTEIN; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DELETION MUTANTS; BINDING PROTEIN; TYPE-1 ICP27; CELL-FUSION; EXPRESSION AB We have identified two Marek's Disease Virus (M DV) genes within the EcoRI-B fragment of M DV-GA genomic DNA. EcoRI-B is 11.3-kb long and maps within the long unique region of MDV genomes. A 3.2-kb fragment of EcoRI-B has been sequenced and contains two open reading frames, ORF53 and ORF54. ORF53 (MDV gK), a homolog to HSV-I glycoprotein K (gK), is 1062 nucleotides long and encodes 354 amino acids (39.5 kDa). ORF54, designated MDV ICP27, based on significant similarity to HSV-1 ICP27, is 1419 nucleotides long and encodes 473 amino acids (54.5 kDa), In Northern blot hybridization, two overlapping transcripts (2.9 and 1.6 kb) were detected in MDV-infected DEF cells treated with cycloheximide, suggesting that both transcripts belong to the immediate-early gene family. Amino acid sequence analysis of MDV gK shows some common glycoprotein features, including a putative N-terminal signal sequence, four N-linked glycosylation sites, and four potential transmembrane domains. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of MDV ICP27 with that of HSV-1 ICP27 and VZV ORF4 shows a high degree of conservation within the C-terminus, The C-terminal region of HSV-I ICP27 has been demonstrated to be critical to its function. A conserved zinc finger metal-binding motif C-(442)-X(4)-C-(447)-X(13)-H-(461)-C-(467) was also found in the C-terminus of MDV ICP27. Furthermore, MDV ICP27 upstream sequences contain four copies of consensus sequence elements similar to the tegument protein target sequence TAATGARAT. TrpE-ICP27 fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and rabbit antisera were generated using purified fusion protein. A 55-kDa protein has been detected in both MDV-GA- and Md11-infected cells using immunoblot analysis. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT ANIM SCI, MOLEC VIROL LAB, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA. NR 58 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 204 IS 1 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1528 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA PG067 UT WOS:A1994PG06700025 PM 8091655 ER PT J AU YOSHIDA, S LEE, LF YANAGIDA, N NAZERIAN, K AF YOSHIDA, S LEE, LF YANAGIDA, N NAZERIAN, K TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS GENE HOMOLOGOUS TO GLYCOPROTEIN-L OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID URACIL-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; FOWLPOX VIRUSES; TYPE-1; CELLS; EXPRESSION; COMPLEX; PRODUCT; ENCODES AB We have identified three Marek's disease virus (MDV) open reading frames (ORFs) within the BamHI D fragment of MDV genome. The predicted polypeptides are homologous to UL1 (glycoprotein L, gL), UL2 (uracil-DNA glycosylase), and UL3 (nuclear localizing phosphoprotein) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of these three ORFs with HSV-1 counterparts revealed overall identities of 18, 43, and 49%, respectively. In spite of the low overall amino acid identity with HSV-1 gL, the first open reading frame was identified as a gL homolog of HSV-1 based not only on the gene arrangement but also on a limited amino acid conservation among gL homologs of alpha-herpesviruses. To characterize the expression of the MDV gL gene, an antiserum to a hydrophilic region of the gene expressed in a bacterial expression vector was produced. Immunoprecipitation with this antiserum revealed a 25,000-Da polypeptide in MDV-infected cells. Furthermore, the 25,000-Da polypeptide migrated as a 18,000-Da polypeptide following PNGase F treatment. This result is consistent with the predicted molecular weight of MDV gL, considering the two potential N-glycosylation sites and the predicted N-terminal signal sequence. A recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the MDV gL gene was generated to characterize this glycoprotein. Unlike gL in MDV-infected cells, gL expressed by recFPV-gL was highly sensitive to Endo H, indicating that it was probably retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and was not properly processed to a mature form. Therefore, similar to HSV-1, coexpression and complex formation of MDV gL and gH may be required for proper processing and transport of gL to the cell surface. C1 USDA ARS, AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 204 IS 1 BP 414 EP 419 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1546 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA PG067 UT WOS:A1994PG06700043 PM 8091671 ER PT J AU PERDUE, ML LATIMER, J GREENE, C HOLT, P AF PERDUE, ML LATIMER, J GREENE, C HOLT, P TI CONSISTENT OCCURRENCE OF HEMAGGLUTININ VARIANTS AMONG AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS ISOLATES OF THE H7 SUBTYPE SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE H7 HEMAGGLUTININ; AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN VARIANT ID CHICKEN-EMBRYO; A VIRUS; NS GENE; PROTEINS AB Several field isolates of avian influenza virus of the H7 subtype were analyzed for the presence of hemagglutinin variants by labeling proteins in cells infected with virus clones, and reacting with monoclonal antibodies. Each strain was shown to contain two distinct electrophoretic variants of the uncleaved hemagglutinin. In the A/Tk/Ore/71 (H7N3) isolate, two variants remained in the population through 35 laboratory passages, indicating both are stable and may be important to expression of the viral phenotype. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the HA gene of these two variants demonstrated differences at several amino acid positions in the HA, subunit including one glycosylation site. Three additional recent North American isolates were also each found to contain two electrophoretic variants occurring within populations as few as one embryo passage away from the original clinical specimen. Pulse-chase assays indicated none of the variant HA molecules were cleavable in chick embryo fibroblasts. In the highly pathogenic Australian isolate; A/Ck/Victoria/75, both HA variants are cleavable in fibroblasts, without added trypsin, and the differences are localized within the HA1 region. With all the strains tested, the slower migrating HA variant was associated with a consistently higher hemagglutinin titer in embryos. Finally, recent H7 isolates from imported birds (A/Soft Bill/I11/92) also exhibit similar variants, indicating their occurrence is not limited to domestic poultry. This consistent presence of two distinct electrophoretic variants in several avian H7 isolates suggests multiple allelic forms of the H7 hemagglutinin. RP PERDUE, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90116-3 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA PJ042 UT WOS:A1994PJ04200002 PM 7831962 ER PT J AU WILSON, WC AF WILSON, WC TI SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF THE NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN-2 FROM EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUSES SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2 (NS2) ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; GENOME SEGMENTS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INSECT CELLS; RNA; SEROTYPE-1; NS2; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; ORBIVIRUSES AB The non-structural protein 2 (NS2) of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 (EHD-1) was cloned and sequenced. The NS2 gene was found to be 1185 bp containing a single open reading frame that encodes a 376 amino acid protein. A 97% nucleic acid identity was found between EHD-1 and a previously published NS2 sequence of EHD-2 Only a 60% nucleic acid identity was found between EHD and the bluetongue virus (BTV) serogroup. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed 97% identity within the EHD serogroup, and less than or equal to 43% identity between serogroups. RP WILSON, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90119-8 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA PJ042 UT WOS:A1994PJ04200005 PM 7831965 ER PT J AU YEAKLEY, JA MEYER, JL SWANK, WT AF YEAKLEY, JA MEYER, JL SWANK, WT TI HILLSLOPE NUTRIENT FLUX DURING NEAR-STREAM VEGETATION REMOVAL .1. A MULTI-SCALED MODELING DESIGN SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Appalachian-Man-and-the-Biosphere (SAMAB) Conference on Wetland Ecology, Management, and Conservation CY SEP 28-30, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP SO APPALACHIAN MAN & BIOSPHERE, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, ENVIRONM SCI DIV, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, USDA, FOREST SERV ID RHODODENDRON-MAXIMUM; DECIDUOUS FOREST; RIPARIAN FOREST; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; DRAINAGE WATERS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SOIL; UPLAND; CATCHMENTS; DYNAMICS AB At the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Appalachians of western North Carolina, a near-stream vegetation manipulation experiment is being conducted to determine the effect of removal of streamside Rhododendron maximum L. on the export of hillslope nutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg, N, P, S) and organic matter. Experimental hillslope transects that span topographical flowpaths from a local highpoint to the stream have been instrumented with lysimeters and TDR rods at two depths, as well as with streambed and streambank piezometers. We present a review of studies of nutrient flux in the riparian zone of forested watersheds. In the southern Appalachians, we hypothesize that R. maximum is a keystone species at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic systems, with extensive near-stream thickets having a possible impact on carbon and nutrient transport into streams. We present the conceptual basis and initial implementation of a model-based experimental design to test the effect of R. maximum removal on hillslope nutrient and organic matter export in upland watersheds. The model is terrain-based and will be used to extrapolate elemental flux measurements both spatially from the hillslope to watershed scale and temporally for various climate regimes. The model consists of three modules: (1) objective terrain analysis (TAPES-C); (2) a dynamic interception canopy module; (3) a hillslope hydrology module (IHDM4) with a 2-D Richard's equation of subsurface moisture dynamics. Calibration and validation of the model will occur at two scales: at the hillslope scale, using well, lysimeter, and TDR data; at the watershed scale, using streamflow measurements across a variety of storm types. We show watershed terrain analysis for the experimental watershed (WS56) and discuss use of the model for understanding effects of watershed management of riparian zone processes. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 94 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 246 DI 10.1007/BF00478421 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA QD818 UT WOS:A1994QD81800006 ER PT J AU HOOK, DD MCKEE, WH WILLIAMS, TM JONES, S VANBLARICOM, D PARSONS, J AF HOOK, DD MCKEE, WH WILLIAMS, TM JONES, S VANBLARICOM, D PARSONS, J TI HYDROLOGIC AND WETLAND CHARACTERISTICS OF A PIEDMONT BOTTOM IN SOUTH-CAROLINA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Appalachian-Man-and-the-Biosphere (SAMAB) Conference on Wetland Ecology, Management, and Conservation CY SEP 28-30, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP SO APPALACHIAN MAN & BIOSPHERE, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, ENVIRONM SCI DIV, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, USDA, FOREST SERV DE OVERBANK FLOODING; REDOX POTENTIALS; WETLAND CRITERIA; HYDROLOGIC MODELING; HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGY ID MANAGEMENT MODEL WATRCOM AB A four hectare mixed bottomland hardwood site on Ninety Six Creek in the Piedmont of South Carolina near Ninety Six, SC was studied for two years to characterize wetland traits. The soils were thermic Fluventic or Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts predominantly Shellbluff series and well drained. Overbank flooding occurred on the average of 4 times per year and 1.5 times during the growing season for a 13 year period. High water table levels during the early growing season were related to rainfall events. A hydrologic model (WATRCOM-2D), soils, water table levels, and GIS techniques were used to estimate the portion of the bottom that met wetland criteria similar to those defined in the 1987 and 1989 federal wetland delineation manuals. Less than one hectare met these criteria. The wetland ''status'' of the vegetation within the bottom and adjacent slept was not correlated with water table levels, predicted wetland areas, or landforms. Wetland traits of the site were closely related to hydric soil traits within the upper 25 cm of the Chewacla and Chenneby soils and landform characteristics. Wetlands in this bottom were primarily driven by local precipitation and not by overbank flooding as originally suspected. Songbirds and small mammals were relatively abundant in the small bottom during the spring and summer of 1992. Protection of only the jurisdictional wetlands in this bottom would not be adequate to sustain riverine functions (conveyor) and to provide wildlife travel corridors between adjacent forested areas. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,STROM THURMOND INST,CLEMSON,SC 29631. US FOREST SERV,CHARLESTON,SC. ENVIRONM SERV,STONE MT,GA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HOOK, DD (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29631, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 320 DI 10.1007/BF00478424 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA QD818 UT WOS:A1994QD81800009 ER PT J AU HUBBARD, RK LOWRANCE, RR AF HUBBARD, RK LOWRANCE, RR TI RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFER SYSTEM RESEARCH AT THE COASTAL-PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION, TIFTON, GA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Appalachian-Man-and-the-Biosphere (SAMAB) Conference on Wetland Ecology, Management, and Conservation CY SEP 28-30, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP SO APPALACHIAN MAN & BIOSPHERE, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, ENVIRONM SCI DIV, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, USDA, FOREST SERV ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NITRATE DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; GROUNDWATER; DENITRIFICATION; VEGETATION; MOVEMENT; DRAINAGE; FILTERS; QUALITY AB Recent attention has focused on riparian forest buffer systems for filtering sediment, nutrients, and pesticides entering from upslope agricultural fields. Studies in a variety of physiographic areas have shown that concentrations of sediment and agrichemicals are reduced after passage through a riparian forest. The mechanisms involved are both physical and biological, including deposition, uptake by vegetation, and loss by microbiological processes such as denitrification. Current research by USDA-ARS and University of Georgia scientists at Tifton, GA is focusing on managing riparian forest buffer systems to alleviate agricultural impacts on the environment. The underlying concept for this research is that agricultural impact on streams is best protected by a riparian forest buffer system consisting of three zones. In consecutive upslope order From the stream these zones are (1) a narrow band of permanent trees (5-10 m wide) immediately adjacent to the stream channel which provides streambank stabilization, organic debris input to streams, and shading of streams, (2) a forest management zone where maximum biomass production is stressed and trees can be harvested, and (3) a grass buffer strip up to 10 m wide to provide control of coarse sediment and to spread overland flow. Several ongoing projects at Tifton, GA are focusing on using riparian forest buffer systems as filters. A forest management project is testing the effects of different management practices on surface and ground water quality. This project includes three different forest management practices: mature forest selectively thinned forest, and clearcut. In a different study a natural wetland is being restored by planting trees. The effectiveness of this wetland on filtering nutrients from dairy wastes which are being applied upslope is being evaluated. At this same site, a pesticide study is being conducted on the side opposite to where dairy wastes are applied. An overland flow-riparian buffer system using swine lagoon waste is evaluating the effectiveness of different vegetative treatments and lengths of buffer zones on filtering of nutrients. In this study three vegetative treatments are compared: (1) 10 m grass buffer and 20 m riparian forest (2) 20 m grass buffer and 10 m riparian forest, (3) 10 m grass buffer and 20 m of the recommended wetland species maidencane. Waste is applied at the upper end of each plot at either a high or low rate, and then allowed to now downslope. The three zone riparian forest buffer system is being used for the Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM). This model, which is currently under development at Tifton, GA, is a computer simulation model designed to reduce soil and water degradation by aiding farmers and land use managers in decision making regarding how best to utilize their riparian buffer system. Both information currently being collected in field studies and development of the REMM are innovative farm-level and forestry technologies to protect soil and water resources. RP HUBBARD, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 432 DI 10.1007/BF00478430 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA QD818 UT WOS:A1994QD81800015 ER PT J AU CORRADINI, C MELONE, F SMITH, RE AF CORRADINI, C MELONE, F SMITH, RE TI MODELING INFILTRATION DURING COMPLEX RAINFALL SEQUENCES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EQUATION; SURFACE; FLOW; FLUX AB An extension of the conceptual model earlier developed by Smith et al. (1993) is presented. Their basic model considered the problem of point infiltration during a storm consisting of two parts separated by a rainfall hiatus, with surface saturation and runoff occurring in each part. The model is here extended toward further generality, including the representation of a sequence of infiltration-redistribution cycles with situations not leading to soil surface saturation, and rainfall periods of intensity less than the soil infiltration capacity. The model employs at most a two-part profile for simulating the actual one. When the surface flux is not at capacity, it uses a slightly modified version of the Parlange et al. (1985) model for description of increases in the surface water content and the Smith et al. (1993) redistribution equation for decreases. Criteria for the development of compound profiles and for their reduction to single profiles are also incorporated. The extended model is tested by comparison with numerical solutions of Richards's equation, carried out for a variety of experiments upon two contrasting soils. The model applications yield very accurate results and support its use as part of a watershed hydrologic model. C1 CNR,IST RIC PROT IDROGEOL,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP CORRADINI, C (reprint author), UNIV PERUGIA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,VIA MADONNA ALTA 126,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. RI Corradini, Corrado/K-2066-2013; OI Corradini, Corrado/0000-0002-7297-6665 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2777 EP 2784 DI 10.1029/94WR00951 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA PJ325 UT WOS:A1994PJ32500012 ER PT J AU CRUTCHFIELD, SR LETSON, D MALIK, AS AF CRUTCHFIELD, SR LETSON, D MALIK, AS TI FEASIBILITY OF POINT-NONPOINT SOURCE TRADING FOR MANAGING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANT LOADINGS TO COASTAL WATERS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIGHTS AB A recent focus of water quality policy discussions has been the trading of pollution abatement between point and nonpoint sources. Point-nonpoint trading would allow point sources to sponsor nonpoint source controls rather than install further controls of their own. If nonpoint source loadings are significant and the marginal costs of their control are lower than for additional point source controls, water quality goals could be met at lower cost with trading. We isolate difficulties particular to incentive policies such as point-nonpoint trading and then screen coastal watersheds for those satisfying conditions that play a major role in determining whether trading can improve water quality. We follow the recent Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments in emphasizing agriculture, the single largest cause of nonpoint source pollution. Our screening analysis provides an initial, empirical assessment of the feasibility of trading for managing agricultural land use to protect coastal water quality. We also illustrate the additional analysis required to quantify the potential for successful trading in those watersheds which meet our screening criteria. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP CRUTCHFIELD, SR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2825 EP 2836 DI 10.1029/94WR01304 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA PJ325 UT WOS:A1994PJ32500017 ER PT J AU OGG, AG STEPHENS, RH GEALY, DR AF OGG, AG STEPHENS, RH GEALY, DR TI INFERENCE BETWEEN MAYWEED CHAMOMILE (ANTHEMIS-COTULA) AND PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM) IS AFFECTED BY FORM OF INTERFERENCE AND SOIL-WATER REGIME SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION; ROOT-SHOOT PARTITIONING; AGGRESSIVITY; HEIGHT; LEAF AREA; SHOOT WEIGHT; ROOT WEIGHT; NITROGEN; ANTCO ID COMPETITION; GROWTH AB Effects of root-shoot interference, soil water regimes, and soil nitrogen were evaluated to determine aggressivity for pea relative to mayweed chamomile in the greenhouse using replacement series experiments. Interference between pea and mayweed chamomile occurred mainly below ground, and soil water was more important than soil nitrogen in controlling the outcome of interference. Pea was a stronger competitor than mayweed chamomile under all conditions investigated. Leaf area, root weight, and shoot weight of mayweed chamomile were reduced 55 to 87% by full interference and 27 to 60% by root only interference from pea. Full interference from mayweed chamomile for 53 days after planting released the remaining pea from intraspecific interference and it grew 80% larger and produced 100% more pod weight compared to a pea in monoculture. Low soil water potential (-175 kPa) compared to high water potential (-33 kPa) reduced the height, leaf area, and shoot weight of pea in 1:1 mixtures, but had no effect on mayweed chamomile. Decreasing soil water increased the aggressivity of mayweed chamomile relative to pea. Nitrogen added at 20 mg wk-1 compared to no added nitrogen had no effect on peas, but more than doubled the size of mayweed chamomile in monoculture and in mixtures with pea. Added nitrogen did not increase the aggressivity of mayweed chamomile relative to pea. Nomenclature: Mayweed chamomile, Anthemis cotula L. #3 ANTCO; peas, Pisum sativum L. 'Alaska 81.' C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP OGG, AG (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,165 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 579 EP 585 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PY820 UT WOS:A1994PY82000013 ER PT J AU SCHWEIZER, EE WESTRA, P LYBECKER, DW AF SCHWEIZER, EE WESTRA, P LYBECKER, DW TI CONTROLLING WEEDS IN CORN (ZEA-MAYS) ROWS WITH AN IN-ROW CULTIVATOR VERSUS DECISIONS MADE BY A COMPUTER-MODEL SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEED MANAGEMENT MODEL; FLEXIBLE HARROW; ROTARY HOE; ROW-CROP CULTIVATOR; TILLAGE; HERBICIDES; WEEDCAM ID MANAGEMENT AB A 3-yr field study was conducted to compare an in-row cultivator versus a standard row-crop cultivator to decisions made with WEEDCAM, a weed/corn management computer decision aid, for controlling annual weeds within the row in irrigated corn. In the absence of herbicides, weeds were always controlled better with the in-row cultivator than with the standard row-crop cultivator. However, grain yield and gross margin were affected only in 1991 when weeds emerged simultaneously with corn, and rain delayed the first cultivation 10 d. The in-row cultivator plots not only averaged 34% more grain ha-1 than the standard row-crop cultivator plots, but gross margin was $143 ha-1 more. Weed densities each year were about 95% less in plots managed in accordance with the computer model WEEDCAM simulations than in the non-herbicide treated post-planting tillage plots. Grain yields and gross margins were not affected by weed seedbank density, pre-cultivation tillage, or type of cultivator when weed management decisions were based on WEEDCAM simulation ranking. In the absence of herbicides, weeds can be controlled successfully in corn with an in-row cultivator, but success will depend on such factors as weed seedbank density, cultivation timeliness, and relative time of weed and corn emergence. Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L. 'Pioneer 3779.' C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP SCHWEIZER, EE (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RES ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 593 EP 600 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PY820 UT WOS:A1994PY82000015 ER PT J AU SORENSON, BA KOSKINEN, WC BUHLER, DD WYSE, DL LUESCHEN, WE JORGENSON, MD AF SORENSON, BA KOSKINEN, WC BUHLER, DD WYSE, DL LUESCHEN, WE JORGENSON, MD TI FORMATION AND MOVEMENT OF C-14 ATRAZINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL IN THE FIELD SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEACHING; GROUND WATER QUALITY; C-14-HERBICIDES ID SILT LOAM; ATRAZINE; METABOLITES; ADSORPTION; WATER; HYDROXYATRAZINE; CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER AB Formation of C-14-atrazine degradation products and their distribution in the top 90 cm of soil was determined over 16 mo in a Webster clay loam in the field. After 16 mo, 64% of the applied C-14 could still be accounted for in the 90-cm soil profile. At 1 mo after treatment (MAT), C-14 moved to the 70- to 80-cm depth. Rapid movement of radioactivity could be attributed in part to preferential movement through vertical macropores. Atrazine accounted for 32% of the C-14 applied 16 MAT and was the predominant C-14-compound in soil below 10 cm through 12 MAT. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was the major degradation product in the top 10 cm of soil accounting for 9% of the C-14 present 1 MAT and increasing to 24% within 6 MAT. Deethylatrazine (DEA) was the predominant degradation product at depths greater than 10 cm, accounting for 26% of the C-14 in the 10- to 20-cm depth 16 MAT. Deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for less than 10% of the C-14 recovered at any soil depth. Deethyldeisopropylatrazine (DEDIA) and an unidentified product were detected in soil extracts 1 MAT indicating further degradation past primary metabolites. The proportion of DEA and DIA increased while the proportion of HA decreased as soil depth increased indicating that DEA and DIA are more mobile in soil than HA. The large amount of radioactivity remaining in the soil 16 MAT suggests that a large pool of atrazine and its degradation products are present in the soil for a long period of time, having the potential to move deeper in the soil and ultimately contaminate ground water. Nomenclature: Atrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1, 3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; deethylatrazine, 6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; deethyldeisopropylatrazine, 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; deisopropylatrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; hydroxyatrazine, 6-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MINNESOTA,S EXPT STN,WASECA,MN 56093. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SORENSON, BA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 618 EP 624 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PY820 UT WOS:A1994PY82000019 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW AF DONALD, WW TI GEOSTATISTICS FOR MAPPING WEEDS, WITH A CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM-ARVENSE) PATCH AS A CASE-STUDY SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT BUDS; DENSITY; GROWTH; MAPPING; PATCH; ROOT; SEMIVARIANCE; SHOOTS; SPATIAL STATISTICS; SPATIAL DEPENDENCE ID TILL SPRING WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SOIL PROPERTIES; L SCOP; ROOT; HERBICIDES; ECONOMICS AB Geostatistical methods were used to describe and map nonrandom distribution and variation (standard deviation) of shoot density and root growth across a well-established patch of Canada thistle, a perennial weed. Semivariogram functions and kriging, an interpolation method, were used to prepare isoarithmic contour maps and associated error maps. Maps consisted of interpolated contours of uniform weed density and other measured or calculated regionalized variables between measured X-Y control points, as well as maps of error (standard deviation) associated with contour estimation. Mapped regions of greatest shoot density across a patch not only had the greatest underlying root biomass and, often, greatest density of adventitious root buds, but also had more deeply growing root biomass. Nomenclature: Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. # CIRAR3. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 648 EP 657 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PY820 UT WOS:A1994PY82000024 ER PT J AU BOVEY, RW FRANZ, E WHISENANT, SG AF BOVEY, RW FRANZ, E WHISENANT, SG TI INFLUENCE OF ORGANOSILICONE SURFACTANTS AND SPRAY NOZZLE TYPES ON THE FATE AND EFFICACY OF CLOPYRALID ON HONEY MESQUITE (PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPRAY DEPOSITION; ABSORPTION; TRANSLOCATION; SPRAY DROPLET SIZE; APPLICATION RATE; AIR-ASSIST NOZZLE; HYDRAULIC NOZZLE; LOW VOLUME; ULTRALOW VOLUME ID ADJUVANTS; VOLUME AB Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of two organosilicone surfactants and spray nozzle types on the spray deposition, absorption, translocation, and efficacy of the monoethanolamine salt of clopyralid on honey mesquite. Sylgard 309 or Silwet L-77 added to the spray solution at 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% by vol did not increase spray deposition, absorption, translocation, or phytotoxicity of clopyralid applied at 140 g ae ha-1 on honey mesquite compared to no surfactant. An air-assist spray nozzle at 9.4 L ha-1 by vol resulted in greater initial clopyralid deposit on honey mesquite than hydraulic nozzles at 9.4 or 187 L ha-1 by vol, but air-assist application did not increase phytotoxicity compared to hydraulic nozzles. Nomenclature: Clopyralid, 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid; Silwet L-77, polyalkyleneoxide modified polymethyl-siloxane copolymers; Sylgard 309,2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-heptamethyltrisiloxane, ethoxylated, acetate EO glycol, -allyl, -acetate; honey mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa Torr.3 PRCJG. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGR ENGN, S CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP BOVEY, RW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND ECOL & MANAGEMENT,USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 658 EP 664 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PY820 UT WOS:A1994PY82000025 ER PT J AU VAN, TK CENTER, TD AF VAN, TK CENTER, TD TI EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL AND WATER-HYACINTH WEEVIL (NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE) ON PLANT-GROWTH AND LEAF DYNAMICS OF WATER-HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA-CRASSIPES) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; INTEGRATED CONTROL; GROWTH RETARDANT; GROWTH REGULATOR; LEAF BUDGET; AQUATIC WEED; EICCR AB Waterhyacinths grown outdoors were treated with combinations of 0 or 2.2 kg ai ha-1 of the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol and 0, 25, or 250 waterhyacinth weevils per culture tank under conditions of low (25% coverage) or high (100% coverage) plant densities. The low plant density treatments simulated a regrowth or colonization situation. Weevil feeding activity, canopy height, plant volume, leaf production, and leaf mortality were monitored biweekly for 22 weeks or until all plants had died. In high plant densities, weevil infestations increased leaf mortality rates while decreasing production rates, causing eventual plant death. At low plant densities, waterhyacinth plants partially compensated for weevil feeding by increased leaf production rates, thus enabling them to survive until the end of the study. Paclobutrazol reduced canopy height for about 3 months but had little effect on weevil feeding intensities. Combinations of weevils and paclobutrazol gave complete control of waterhyacinths regardless of plant densities. The combined effects were synergistic, with accelerated leaf mortality rates exceeding production rates leading to early plant death. This study demonstrated the potential for increasing effectiveness of waterhyacinth weevils using integrated strategies. Nomenclature: Paclobutrazol, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol; waterhyacinth weevils, Neochetina eichhorniae Warner (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms #3 EICCR. RP VAN, TK (reprint author), USDA ARS,AQUAT PLANT MANAGEMENT LAB,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 665 EP 672 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PY820 UT WOS:A1994PY82000026 ER PT J AU GEALY, DR SQUIER, SA OGG, AG AF GEALY, DR SQUIER, SA OGG, AG TI SOIL ENVIRONMENT AND TEMPERATURE AFFECT GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF MAYWEED CHAMOMILE (ANTHEMIS-COTULA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WATER POTENTIAL; PH; EMERGENCE; ANTCO AB Mayweed chamomile is an increasing weed problem in cropping systems of the Pacific Northwest. Modern farming practices that utilize conservation tillage systems and heavy application of nitrogen fertilizers have been associated with increased soil surface water potential and decreased soil pH. Therefore, soil water potential, soil pH, and temperature effects on germination and growth of mayweed chamomile were determined in controlled laboratory tests. Germination of mayweed chamomile in soil was greatest at 30 C and a soil water potential of -25 kPa. Germination and seedling growth were similar in soils with pH 4.7, 5.1, and 6.2. Total plant weight was greatest at 20 C and reduced at 10 and 30 C. Shoot dry weight, as a percent of total dry weight, ranged from a low of 54% at 10 C to 78% at 30 C. A soil moisture potential of -10 000 kPa reduced germination and total plant weight by as much as 95% and 80%, respectively. RP GEALY, DR (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,165 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 668 EP 672 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QA120 UT WOS:A1994QA12000001 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DT AF PATTERSON, DT TI TEMPERATURE RESPONSES AND POTENTIAL RANGE OF THE GRASS WEED, SERRATED TUSSOCK (NASSELLA-TRICHOTOMA), IN THE UNITED-STATES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECOLOGICAL RANGE; EXOTIC WEED; NOXIOUS WEED; STDTR AB In controlled-environment chambers, serrated tussock achieved maximum growth in temperature regimes of 18/11, 18/23, 24/23, or 24/17 C day/night. Growth was significantly reduced at 30/11 C, and no plants survived at 36/29 C. Serrated tussock seedlings grew slowly at first but eventually produced vigorous tussocks with as many as 2800 tillers after 140 d in the 24/17 C regime. Comparisons of climatic conditions in New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States revealed that similar temperature conditions occur during the warmest eight mo of the year in areas as diverse as Oregon, Washington, the Sierran Nevada foothills of California, upper elevation rangelands in Arizona, and the southern Appalachian highlands. None of these areas has a precipitation pattern similar to those of the sites of serrated tussock weed infestation in the Southern Hemisphere. However, poorly managed pastures and unimproved rangelands in these diverse areas may be vulnerable to invasion by serrated tussock, should the weed become established in the United States. RP PATTERSON, DT (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,BOX 90340,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 703 EP 712 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QA120 UT WOS:A1994QA12000007 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WC COLVIN, DL MULLINIX, BG AF JOHNSON, WC COLVIN, DL MULLINIX, BG TI PHYTOTOXICITY OF ENDOTHALL ON PEANUT (ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA) - FORMULATION, RATE, AND TIME OF APPLICATION SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PEANUT INJURY; PHYTOTOXICITY; DIPOTASSIUM SALT OF ENDOTHALL; MONO (N,N-DIMETHYLALKYLAMINE) SALT OF ENDOTHALL AB Field studies were conducted at Tifton, GA and Gainesville, FL to quantify the phytotoxicity of endothall formulation, rate, and time of application on peanut in a weed-free experiment. Peanut treated with mono (N,N-dimethylalkylamine) salt of endothall (DMAA endothall) were more necrotic than those treated with dipotassium salt of endothall (DP endothall), though necrosis was temporary. Injury from DMAA endothall at rates of 0.6 to 1.1 kg ai/ha was similar to the standard treatment of bentazon plus paraquat for most parameters. Peanut treated with the highest rate of DMAA endothall (4.5 kg/ha) were more necrotic and took longer to recover than lower rates. The highest rate of DP endothall (4.5 kg ai/ha) stunted peanut more than any DMAA endothall treatment. However, lower rates of DP endothall (0.6 to 2.2 kg/ha) were generally less injurious than DMAA endothall at equivalent rates. Peanut yields were not affected by either formulation of endothall at 0.6 to 1.1 kg/ha, applied from vegetative emergence through 4 wk after emergence. RP JOHNSON, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 738 EP 743 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QA120 UT WOS:A1994QA12000013 ER PT J AU WAUCHOPE, RD AF WAUCHOPE, RD TI HERBICIDES IN RUNOFF AND SURFACE WATERS - ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGULATORY IMPACTS - PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM OF THE WEED-SCIENCE-SOCIETY-OF-AMERICA, FEBRUARY 10, 1993, DENVER, COLORADO - PREFACE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP WAUCHOPE, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 849 EP 849 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QA120 UT WOS:A1994QA12000031 ER PT J AU WAUCHOPE, RD AF WAUCHOPE, RD TI HERBICIDES IN RUNOFF AND SURFACE WATERS - ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGULATORY IMPACTS INTRODUCTION SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP WAUCHOPE, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 850 EP 851 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QA120 UT WOS:A1994QA12000032 ER PT J AU FAUST, TD FULLER, MM MCALISTER, RH ZARNOCH, SJ AF FAUST, TD FULLER, MM MCALISTER, RH ZARNOCH, SJ TI ASSESSING INTERNAL HURRICANE DAMAGE TO STANDING PINE POLETIMBER SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STORM DAMAGE; POLETIMBER; TOUGHNESS; TENSION STRENGTH; FIA DAMAGE CLASS AB Two test methods were used to assess type, location, and degree of internal stem damage to standing pine poletimber (5.0-8.9 in. diameter at breast height, DBH) caused by Hurricane Hugo. A total of sixty trees [15 from each of the four Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) damage classes] were taken from three sites in the Francis Marion National Forest. Internal damage was expected in the form of ring shake and compression failure. Five stem sections (A through E) were taken from each tree at different heights. From each section, specimens were cut from four quadrants (Tension, Compression, Left, and Right) relative to the wind direction during the storm for toughness and tension perpendicular to the grain testing. A total of 2,147 toughness specimens were tested. A total of 273 specimens were tested in tension perpendicular to the grain. The dependent variables analyzed were toughness, tension strength, and specific gravity with FIA damage class as the whole plot factor. Although there was an increasing trend in toughness from Damage Class 1 through 4, analysis of variance showed damage class not to be a significant effect on toughness. Stem section and quadrant were found to be significant on toughness. Much of the variation in toughness due to stem section may be attributed to the effects of juvenile wood differences with tree height. Also a high occurrence of reaction wood in Quadrant C (side of the tree away from the wind) would contribute to lower toughness strength. Similarly, specific gravity (SG) values showed an overall increase from Damage Class 1 through 4. Specific gravity of Damage Class 1 and 4 was found to be significantly different. Statistical analysis showed no apparent relationship between damage class and tension strength perpendicular to the grain. The lack of evidence for internal damage is relatively unimportant compared to the evidence of change in the wood properties from the formation of reaction wood. In leaning stems (FIA Damage Classes 2, 3, 4), reaction wood should continue to form. In straight trees, reaction wood formed in the two growth seasons following the storm, but it is unclear whether it will continue to form. The results lead to the conclusion that stands with leaning stems should be harvested and replanted. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP FAUST, TD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DB WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 536 EP 545 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PR497 UT WOS:A1994PR49700010 ER PT J AU DAVISON, KL LARSEN, GL FEIL, VJ AF DAVISON, KL LARSEN, GL FEIL, VJ TI COMPARATIVE METABOLISM AND ELIMINATION OF ACETANILIDE COMPOUNDS BY RAT SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID MERCAPTURIC ACID PATHWAY; INSITU PERFUSED KIDNEYS; NON-BILIARY EXCRETION; 2-CHLORO-N-ISOPROPYLACETANILIDE PROPACHLOR; CHICKENS; CYSTEINE AB 1. C-14-labelled propachlor, alachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, methoxypropachlor and some of their mercapturic acid pathway metabolites (MAP) were given to rat either by gavage or by perfusion into a renal artery. MAP metabolites were isolated from bile and urine. 2. Rat gavaged with propachlor and methoxypropachlor eliminated C-14 mostly in urine, whereas rat gavaged with alachlor, butachlor and metolachlor eliminated C-14 about equally divided between urine and faeces. When bile ducts were cannulated, the gavaged rat eliminated most of the C-14 in bile for all compounds. The amount of C-14 in bile from the propachlor-gavaged rat was less than that for the other acetanilides, with the difference being in the urine. 3. The mercapturic acid metabolites 2-methylsulphinyl-N-(1-methylhydroxyethyl)-N-phenylacetamide and 2-methylsulphinyl-N-(1-methylmethoxyethyl)-N-phenylacetamide were isolated from the urine and bile of the methoxypropachlor-gavaged rat. 4. Bile was the major route for C-14 elimination when MAP metabolites of alachlor, butachlor and metolachlor were perfused into a renal artery. Urine was the major route for C-14 elimination when MAP metabolites of propachlor and methoxypropachlor were perfused. Mercapturic acid conjugates were major metabolites in bile and urine when MAP metabolites were perfused. 5. We conclude that alkyl groups on the phenyl portion of the acetanilide causes biliary elimination to be favoured over urinary elimination. RP DAVISON, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD OCT PY 1994 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1003 EP 1012 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA PU143 UT WOS:A1994PU14300005 PM 7900406 ER PT J AU LEESCH, JG REICHMUTH, C WOHLGEMUTH, R DAVIS, R REDLINGER, LM AF LEESCH, JG REICHMUTH, C WOHLGEMUTH, R DAVIS, R REDLINGER, LM TI THE IN-TRANSIT SHIPBOARD FUMIGATION OF SOYBEANS WITH PHOSPHINE PROBED 2-3 METERS DEEP SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENKRANKHEITEN UND PFLANZENSCHUTZ-JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION; PHOSPHINE; SOYBEAN; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; IN-TRANSIT FUMIGATION AB Soybeans loaded in three holds of a bulk dry-cargo ship were fumigated with phosphine using Detia bags. Gas penetrated well to 12 to 15 m controlling caged maize weevils Sitophilus zeamais, confused flour beetles Tribolium confusum as well as the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica; however, at depths beyond 15 m to 23 m many insects survived where the concentration times time (CxT) products were low. Mean temperatures did not change in the grain mass except in areas close to the walls of the holds. Regardless of where grain samples were taken following fumigation, residues of phosphine in soybeans remained well below 0.1 mg/kg. C1 BIOL BUNDESANSTALT LAND & FORSTWIRTSCHAFT,INST VORRATSSCHUTZ,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. RP LEESCH, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO PI STUTTGART 70 PA POSTFACH 700561 WOLLGRASWEG 41, W-7000 STUTTGART 70, GERMANY SN 0340-8159 J9 Z PFLANZENK PFLANZEN JI Z. Pflanzenk. Pflanzens.-J. Plant Dis. Prot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 101 IS 5 BP 534 EP 544 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PV060 UT WOS:A1994PV06000012 ER PT J AU WHITHAM, S DINESHKUMAR, SP CHOI, D HEHL, R CORR, C BAKER, B AF WHITHAM, S DINESHKUMAR, SP CHOI, D HEHL, R CORR, C BAKER, B TI THE PRODUCT OF THE TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS RESISTANCE GENE-N - SIMILARITY TO TOLL AND THE INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR SO CELL LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT ACTIVATOR; LEUCINE-RICH REPEATS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; DROSOPHILA EMBRYO; DNA-SEQUENCE; MAIZE; KINASE AB The products of plant disease resistance genes are postulated to recognize invading pathogens and rapidly trigger host defense responses. Here we describe isolation of the resistance gene N of tobacco that mediates resistance to the viral pathogen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The N gene was isolated by transposon tagging using the maize Activator transposon. A genomic DNA fragment containing the N gene conferred TMV resistance to TMV susceptible tobacco. Sequence analysis of the N gene shows that it encodes a protein of 131.4 kDa with an amino-terminal domain similar to that of the cytoplasmic domain of the Drosophila Toll protein and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) in mammals, a nucleotide-binding site (NBS), and 4 imperfect leucine-rich repeats (LRR). The sequence similarity of N, Toll, and IL-1 R suggests that N mediates rapid gene induction and TMV resistance through a Toll-IL-1-like pathway. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF ALBANY,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. USDA ARS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP WHITHAM, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma/E-1153-2011; Choi, Doil/F-5002-2011; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Hehl, Reinhard/0000-0002-1550-3394 NR 64 TC 832 Z9 901 U1 9 U2 78 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD SEP 23 PY 1994 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1101 EP 1115 DI 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90283-6 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA PJ294 UT WOS:A1994PJ29400019 PM 7923359 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, KY VEILLON, C OHAVER, TC AF PATTERSON, KY VEILLON, C OHAVER, TC TI ERROR PROPAGATION IN ISOTOPE-DILUTION ANALYSIS AS DETERMINED BY MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; METABOLISM; ZINC; TRACERS AB Error propagation in isotope dilution analysis (IDA) can be studied with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. In inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with ion-counting detection, the limiting error in the measured isotope ratio can be described with Poisson statistics. Taking into account this error in the measured isotope ratio, parameters for IDA can be optimized. The utility of MC simulation for IDA is illustrated in the optimization of conditions for zinc analysis. The minimum imprecision in the determination of zinc by IDA was found for the internal standard enriched with the isotope having the lowest natural abundance. In addition to optimizing analytical conditions, MC simulation can provide information on the theoretical detection limits in double and triple IDA for stable isotope tracers. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 18 BP 2829 EP 2834 DI 10.1021/ac00090a007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PG636 UT WOS:A1994PG63600010 ER PT J AU LOPEZMIRANDA, J KAM, N OSADA, J RODRIGUEZ, C FERNANDEZ, P CONTOIS, J SCHAEFER, EJ ORDOVAS, JM AF LOPEZMIRANDA, J KAM, N OSADA, J RODRIGUEZ, C FERNANDEZ, P CONTOIS, J SCHAEFER, EJ ORDOVAS, JM TI EFFECT OF FAT FEEDING ON HUMAN INTESTINAL APOLIPOPROTEIN-B MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS AND EDITING SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-LIPIDS AND LIPID METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; INTESTINE; MESSENGER-RNA; POSTPRANDIAL; (HUMAN) ID HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET; MESSENGER-RNA; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAT-LIVER; APO-B; SECRETION; PLASMA; CELLS AB Our purpose was to assess the effect of a fat-rich meal on intestinal apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA levels and editing. We obtained jejunal biopsies from eight healthy adults in the fasting state and 3 h after a meal containing 1 g/kg of fat. In the fasting state, 93% of the apoB mRNA contained the editing sequence resulting in apoB-48 production. Feeding induced no significant changes in apoB mRNA levels or editing. Our data are consistent with the concept that the significant increase in apoB-48 within triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in postprandial plasma is not due to alterations in apoB gene expression or editing. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MET LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39326] NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2760 J9 BBA-LIPID LIPID MET JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Lipids Lipid Metab. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 1214 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0005-2760(94)90038-8 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PH123 UT WOS:A1994PH12300006 PM 7918594 ER PT J AU BRUNO, JS VIGO, TL AF BRUNO, JS VIGO, TL TI THERMAL-PROPERTIES OF INSOLUBILIZED POLYACETALS DERIVED FROM NONFORMALDEHYDE CROSS-LINKING AGENTS SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society Conference CY SEP 19-22, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP N AMER THERMAL ANAL SOC DE GLYOXAL; HEAT OF FUSION; PEG; POLYACETAL; CROSS LINK AB Crosslinked polyols when applied to woven or non-woven fabrics impart high heats of fusion lower thermal conductivity and several other physical properties. Previous publications have demonstrated that polyethylene glocols could be crosslinked onto a substrate with tetrafunctional cyclic urea compounds. A new formaldehyde free crosslinking system has been discovered using stoichiometric amounts of sulfonic acids and glyokal to form polyacetals with the same polyols. These polyacetals exhibit the same multifunctional properties and are also durable to laundering. RP BRUNO, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 243 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0040-6031(94)85050-X PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA PH848 UT WOS:A1994PH84800006 ER PT J AU GLAHN, RP VANCAMPEN, D DOUSA, TP AF GLAHN, RP VANCAMPEN, D DOUSA, TP TI AFLATOXIN B-1 REDUCES NA+-P-I COTRANSPORT IN PROXIMAL RENAL EPITHELIUM - STUDIES IN OPOSSUM KIDNEY (OK) CELLS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLATOXIN B-1; RENAL NA+ P-I COTRANSPORT; OPOSSUM KIDNEY CELLS; PARATHYROID HORMONE ID CALCIUM; METABOLISM; INHIBITION; PHOSPHATE; LINE AB In vivo studies indicate that aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) may affect the renal regulation of inorganic phosphate (P-i), possibly by altering the renal response to parathyroid hormone (PTH). Therefore, the present study utilized opossum kidney (OK) cells, a mammalian renal epithelial cell line, to determine whether AFB(1) exposure alters sodium-phosphate (Na+-P-i) co-transport and the hormonal modulation thereof. OK cells are an established renal cell line with many properties analagous to the proximal renal epithelium, including receptors for PTH, insulin, and high levels of Na+-P-i co-transport. PTH and insulin have been shown to decrease and increase Na+-P-i co-transport, respectively, in OK cells. In the present study, AFB(1)-treated cells responded to PTH; however, AFB(1) exposure decreased Na+-P-i uptake such that additional decreases in Na+-P-i uptake in response to PTH were minimal. In the presence of insulin, AFB(1)-treated cells were only able to increase Na+-P-i uptake to levels 30% below that of control cells. The net result was that the range of the proximal renal epithelium to adjust Na+-P-i co-transport in response to hormonal modulation was reduced by AFB(1) exposure. Sodium-dependent L-alanine uptake was measured and was found not to be affected by the highest concentration of AFB(1); thus, indicating that AFB(1) exposure may have specific effects on Na+-P-i uptake and does not generally inhibit Na+-dependent transport. These observations are evidence that AFB(1) exposure may alter key elements of renal function. Such effects raise concern that AFB(1) exposure may have broad physiological impact in addition to its known carcinogenic properties. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,NEPHROL RES UNIT,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. RP GLAHN, RP (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD SEP 6 PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(94)90169-4 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA PK035 UT WOS:A1994PK03500007 PM 7940571 ER PT J AU DUGAS, WA PINTER, PJ AF DUGAS, WA PINTER, PJ TI INTRODUCTION TO THE FREE-AIR CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT (FACE) COTTON PROJECT SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP DUGAS, WA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90043-4 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900001 ER PT J AU HENDREY, GR KIMBALL, BA AF HENDREY, GR KIMBALL, BA TI THE FACE PROGRAM SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; AIR CO-2 ENRICHMENT; OPEN-TOP CHAMBER; ELEVATED CO2; FIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; EXPOSURE AB A large, cooperative, integrated experimental program utilizing free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) is being conducted to expose plants to elevated concentrations of CO2. The goals are to evaluate the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on plants and ecosystems and, in the long run, to contribute to the evaluation of terrestrial plant feedback regulation on the rate of change of CO2 in the atmosphere. Having no walls, the FACE system allows plants to be grown under realistic microclimate and CO2 conditions expected to prevail in the mid-twenty-first century. Data obtained under such conditions are needed for validation of models being developed to predict the effects of increasing CO2 and changing climate variables on plants, ecosystems, agricultural productivity and water resources. Setup costs for the FACE systems used in these experiments are similar to the costs of field chamber systems. Although annual operating costs are about three times the cost of field chambers, FACE plots are relatively large, leading to an economy of scale, so that per unit of treated plant material, FACE systems are the least expensive approach for well-integrated field experiments. These features have provided an incentive to conduct comprehensive FACE experiments with many cooperating scientists working together to measure numerous plant, soil and micrometeorological parameters, as described in the collection of papers in this special issue of 'Agricultural and Forest Meterology'. C1 USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP HENDREY, GR (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 36 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90044-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900002 ER PT J AU LEWIN, KF HENDREY, GR NAGY, J LAMORTE, RL AF LEWIN, KF HENDREY, GR NAGY, J LAMORTE, RL TI DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF A FREE-AIR CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT FACILITY SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Growth chambers and other enclosures used in plant physiology and growth studies tend to introduce chamber effects that alter the microclimate around the plants compared with the natural environment. A free-air (chamberless) carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) system has been developed by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to provide controlled fumigation conditions while minimizing the potential to impose a discernible chamber effect. This system is capable of exposing large numbers of field-grown plants to elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) from seedling emergence until physiologic maturity. A FACE User Facility was established at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, for continuous enrichment of CO2 at a set point of 550 mumol mol-1 during daylight hours throughout the cotton crop growing seasons of 1989-1991. The facility consisted of four circular BNL FACE arrays and associated equipment placed in a commercial cotton plantation. FACE array diameters of 23, 25, and 27 m were tested. The FACE facility included the ability to operate the experimental plots under two watering regimes using an automated, sub-surface irrigation system. CO2 was stored in a 48 000 kg receiver and vaporized with a heat exchanger that used water at ambient temperature as the energy source. The 1 min average CO2 concentration was held to within +/- 20% of the set point more than 98% of the time that the arrays were operating during all three seasons. In 1991, the long term average CO2 concentration measured at 63 points throughout the volume of a 20 m diameter experimental plot (ground to canopy top) centered within a 25 m diameter FACE array was 568 mumol mol-1. All of the FACE arrays operated for more than 99% of the planned experimental period in 1991. These 3 years of operation have demonstrated that the BNL FACE technology can be used as a basis for a large scale facility devoted to studying the fate of carbon in the terrestrial environment. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP LEWIN, KF (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 14 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90045-0 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900003 ER PT J AU NAGY, J LEWIN, KF HENDREY, GR HASSINGER, E LAMORTE, R AF NAGY, J LEWIN, KF HENDREY, GR HASSINGER, E LAMORTE, R TI FACE FACILITY CO2 CONCENTRATION CONTROL AND CO2 USE IN 1990 AND 1991 SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD CROPS; SYSTEM AB CO2 treatment level control and CO2 use are reported for free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility operations at the University of Arizona's Maricopa Agricultural Center in 1990 and 1991. These are required for evaluation of the validity of biological experiments conducted in four replicates of paired experimental and control plots in a large cotton field and the cost-effectiveness of the plant fumigation facility. Gas concentration was controlled to 550 mumol mol-1 at the center of each experimental plot, just above the canopy. In both years, season-long (April-September) average CO2 levels during treatment hours (05:00-19:00 h Mountain Standard Time) were 550 mumol mol-1 measured at treatment plot centers when the facility was operating. Including downtime, the season average was 548 mumol mol-1 in 1991. In 1990, the season averages for the four elevated CO2 treatments varied from 522 to 544 mumol mol-1, owing to extended periods of downtime after lightning damage. Ambient CO2 concentration during treatment was 370 mumol mol-1. Instantaneous measurements of CO2 concentration were within 10% of the target concentration of 550 mumol mol-1 more than 65% of the time when the facility was operating, and 1 min averages were within 10% of the target concentration for 90% of the time. The long-term average of CO2 concentration measured over the 20 m diameter experimental area of one array at the height of the canopy was in the range 550-580 mumol mol-1 during July 1991, with the higher values near the edges. In 1991, CO2 demand averaged 1250 kg per array per 14 h treatment day, or 4 kg m-2 of fumigated plant canopy. The FACE facility provided good temporal and spatial control of CO2 concentration and was a cost-effective method for large-scale field evaluations of the biological effects of CO2. C1 USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP NAGY, J (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,DIV BIOSYST & PROC SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 9 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 31 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90046-9 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900004 ER PT J AU MAUNEY, JR KIMBALL, BA PINTER, PJ LAMORTE, RL LEWIN, KF NAGY, J HENDREY, GR AF MAUNEY, JR KIMBALL, BA PINTER, PJ LAMORTE, RL LEWIN, KF NAGY, J HENDREY, GR TI GROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON IN RESPONSE TO A FREE-AIR CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT (FACE) ENVIRONMENT SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB To quantify the growth and yield responses to CO2 enrichment in an open field setting, free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology was used to expose a cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.) crop to 550 mumol mol-1 CO2 throughout the growing seasons of 1989, 1990 and 1991 in fields near Maricopa, Arizona. In 1990 and 1991 a water stress treatment was also imposed. Response data for all years were consistent, and the data for 1991 were the least compromised by unusual weather or equipment failures. In that season the biomass was increased 37% by the 48% increase in CO2 concentration. Harvestable yield was increased 43%. The increase in biomass and yield was attributed to increased early leaf area, more profuse flowering and a longer period of fruit retention. The FACE treatment increased water-use efficiency (WUE) to the same amount in the well-irrigated plots as in the water-stressed plots. The increase in WUE was due to the increase in biomass production rather than a reduction of consumptive use. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP MAUNEY, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 24 TC 102 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90047-7 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900005 ER PT J AU PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB MAUNEY, JR AF PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB MAUNEY, JR TI EFFECTS OF FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT ON COTTON ROOT-GROWTH SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER RELATIONS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; WHEAT; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; STRESS; YIELD; VEGETATION; RESISTANCE AB The rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration is predicted to have a positive effect on agro-ecosystem productivity. However, an area which requires further investigation centers on responses of crop root systems to elevated atmospheric CO2 under field conditions. The advent of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology provides a new method of CO2 exposure with minimal alteration of plant microclimate. In 1990 and 1991, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum (L.) 'Deltapine 77') was grown under two atmospheric CO2 levels (370 and 550 mumol mol-1) and two water regimes (wet (100% of ET replaced) and dry (75% of ET replaced in 1990 and 67% in 1991)). Plant root samples were collected at early vegetative and mid-reproductive growth. Taproots of CO2-enriched plants displayed greater volume, dry weight, length, and tissue density. Water treatment effects were noted for length, volume and dry weight of roots at the second sampling in 1991. In general, whole soil profile root densities (both length and dry weight densities) and root weight per unit length at the initial sampling were increased under CO2 enrichment at each of three positions (0.00, 0.25, and 0.50 m) from row center to the middle of the inter-row space. At the second sampling, root length density and root dry weight density were generally unaffected by water stress, whereas root weight per unit length was somewhat higher. In addition, extra CO2 increased whole profile root length density only at the 0.50 m inter-row position, whereas whole profile root dry weight density and root weight per unit length were generally higher under elevated CO2 at all three positions. The results from this field experiment strongly indicated that increased atmospheric CO2 level would enhance plant root growth. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP PRIOR, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 52 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 69 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90048-5 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900006 ER PT J AU LEAVITT, SW PAUL, EA KIMBALL, BA HENDREY, GR MAUNEY, JR RAUSCHKOLB, R ROGERS, H LEWIN, KF NAGY, J PINTER, PJ JOHNSON, HB AF LEAVITT, SW PAUL, EA KIMBALL, BA HENDREY, GR MAUNEY, JR RAUSCHKOLB, R ROGERS, H LEWIN, KF NAGY, J PINTER, PJ JOHNSON, HB TI CARBON-ISOTOPE DYNAMICS OF FREE-AIR CO2-ENRICHED COTTON AND SOILS SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE; FLUXES; ROOT AB A role for soils as global carbon sink or source under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations has been speculative. Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments with cotton, conducted from 1989 to 1991 at the Maricopa Agricultural Center in Arizona, maintained circular plots at 550 mumol mol-1 CO2 with tank CO2 while adjacent ambient control plots averaged about 370 mumol mol-1 CO2. This provided an exceptional test for entry of carbon into soils because the petrochemically derived tank CO2 used to enrich the air above the FACE plots was depleted in both radiocarbon (C-14 content was 0% modern carbon (pmC)) and C-13 (delta13 C almost-equal-to -36 parts per thousand) relative to background air, thus serving as a potent isotopic tracer. Flask air samples, and plant and soil samples were collected in conjunction with the 1991 experiment. Most of the isotopic analyses on the plants were performed on the holecellulose component. Soil organic carbon was obtained by first removing carbonate with HCl, floating off plant fragments with a NaCl solution, and picking out remaining plant fragments under magnification. The delta C-13 of the air above the FACE plots was approximately - 15 to - 19 parts per thousand, i.e. much more C-13 depleted than the background air of approximately -7.5parts per thousand. The delta C-13 values of plants and soils in the FACE plots were 10-12 parts per thousand and 2 parts per thousand C-13-depleted, respectively, compared with their control counterparts. The C-14 content of the FACE cotton plants was approximately 40 pmC lower than that of the control cotton, but the C-14 results from soils were conflicting and therefore not as revealing as the delta C-13 of soils. Soil stable-carbon isotope patterns were consistent, and mass balance calculations indicate that about 10% of the present organic carbon content in the FACE soil derived from the 3 year FACE experiment. At a minimum, this is an important quantitative measure of carbon turnover, but the presence of C-13-depleted carbon, even in the recalcitrant 6 N HCl resistant soil organic fraction (average age 2200 years before present (BP)), suggests that at least some portion of this 10% is an actual increase in carbon accumulation. Similar isotopic studies on FACE experiments in different ecosystems could permit more definitive assessment of carbon turnover rates and perhaps provide insight into the extent to which soil organic matter can accommodate the 'missing' carbon in the global carbon cycle. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,NATL SOILS DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV ARIZONA,MARICOPA AGR CTR,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. RP LEAVITT, SW (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TREE RING RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 24 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90049-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900007 ER PT J AU WOOD, CW TORBERT, HA ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB PRIOR, SA AF WOOD, CW TORBERT, HA ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB PRIOR, SA TI FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RESPONSES; DIOXIDE; GROWTH; MINERALIZATION; RHIZOSPHERE; COTTON; ROOT AB Since the onset of the industrial revolution, atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased exponentially to the current 370 mumol mol-1 level, and continued increases are expected. Previous research has demonstrated that elevated atmospheric CO2 results in larger plants returning greater amounts of C to the soil. However, the effects of elevated CO2 on C and N cycling and long-term storage of C in soil have not been examined. Soil samples (in 0-50, 50-100, and 100-200 mm depth increments) were collected after 3 years of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE, at 550 mumol CO2 mol-1), in combination with 2 years of different soil moisture regimes (wet, 100% of evapotranspiration replaced, or dry, 75% and 67% of evapotranspiration replaced in 1990 and 1991, respectively) on a Trix clay loam (fine, loamy, mixed (calcareous), hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent) at Maricopa, Arizona. Ambient plots (370 mumol CO2 mol-1 (control)), in combination with the wet and dry soil moisture regimes, were also included in the study. Soil organic C and N concentrations, potential C and N mineralization, and C turnover were measured. Increased input of cotton plant residues under FACE resulted in treatment differences and trends toward increased organic C in all three soil depths. During the first 30 days of laboratory incubation, available N apparently limited potential C mineralization and C turnover in all treatments. Between 30 and 60 days of incubation, soils from FACE plots had greater potential C mineralization with both water regimes, but C turnover increased in soils from the dry treatment and decreased in soils where cotton was not water stressed. These data indicate that in high-CO2 environments without water stress, increased C storage in soil is likely, but it is less likely where water stress is a factor. More research is needed before the ability of soil to store additional C in a high-CO2 world can be determined. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP WOOD, CW (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,202 FUNCHESS HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 39 TC 73 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90050-7 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900008 ER PT J AU RUNION, GB CURL, EA ROGERS, HH BACKMAN, PA RODRIGUEZKABANA, R HELMS, BE AF RUNION, GB CURL, EA ROGERS, HH BACKMAN, PA RODRIGUEZKABANA, R HELMS, BE TI EFFECTS OF FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT ON MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE AND PHYLLOSPHERE OF COTTON SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN; GROWTH; NODULATION; COLLEMBOLA AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants were exposed to free-air CO2 enriched (FACE = 550 mumol mol-1) or ambient (CONTROL = 370 mumol mol-1) levels of atmospheric CO2 and to wet (100% of evapotranspiration replaced) or dry (67% of ET replaced) soil water content treatments. Foliar, soil and root samples were collected in June and August 1991 to determine the effects of elevated CO2 on selected groups of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microorganisms. Foliage and rhizosphere soil were analyzed for bacteria and/or fungi using dilution plating. Mycorrhizal colonization of cotton roots was assessed. Root-zone soil was analyzed for populations of nematodes, microarthropods and Rhizoctonia using various extraction methods. A dehydrogenase assay for total microbial respiration and a bioassay for cotton root infecting organisms were also conducted using root-zone soil. Populations of fungi on cotton leaves varied, by genera, in response to CO2 enrichment, but none was affected by soil water content treatments; populations of foliar bacteria were not affected by either CO2 or soil water content treatments. In August, higher total numbers of rhizosphere fungi were found under the wet compared with the dry soil water treatment, but differences related to CO2 were not detected. There was a trend for infestation by Rhizoctonia solani to be higher under FACE in the August sample, but the soil bioassay demonstrated no increase in damping-off potential. There was a significant interaction between CO2 concentration and soil water content for populations of saprophagous nematodes; populations were different between the CO2 levels in the dry soil treatment only, with higher numbers under FACE. Microarthropod numbers were low; however, there was a trend for Collembola populations to be higher under FACE in the August sample and more fungi were isolated from Collembola in June. Total microbial activity was higher under FACE at both sample dates. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on plant-microbe interactions could have profound influence on the productivity of agro-ecosystems, and deserve further research. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP RUNION, GB (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,108 M WHITE SMITH HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 37 TC 84 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90051-5 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900009 ER PT J AU HENDRIX, DL MAUNEY, JR KIMBALL, BA LEWIN, K NAGY, J HENDREY, GR AF HENDRIX, DL MAUNEY, JR KIMBALL, BA LEWIN, K NAGY, J HENDREY, GR TI INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED CO2 AND MILD WATER-STRESS ON NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES IN FIELD-GROWN COTTON TISSUES SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TUSSOCK TUNDRA; PLANT-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; ENRICHMENT; EXPORT; YIELD; CO-2 AB Root, stem and leaf tissues, from cotton plants exposed to CO2 at ambient (370 mumol mol-1 (control)) or elevated (550 mumol mol-1 (FACE; free-air carbon dioxide enrichment)) levels in the field during the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons, were analyzed for nonstructural carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch). Besides the FACE treatment, these plants were also exposed to two irrigation levels: 100% and 67% replacement of evapotranspiration. FACE had a greater effect upon cotton plant nonstructural carbohydrates than did irrigation treatments. Leaf carbohydrate content was increased by FACE, but this increase was much more pronounced in the stems and roots. Starch and soluble sugars in leaves in FACE plots tended to be consistently greater than in control leaves, without much change in carbohydrate content during the growing season. In contrast, root and stem, starch and soluble sugar pools were strongly increased by FACE and fluctuated strongly during the growing season. In both seasons, stem and taproot nonstructural carbohydrate content passed through a minimum during periods of heavy boll set. The fluctuations in stem and root carbohydrate content were therefore probably caused by the varying metabolic demands of the developing plant. These results suggest that a significant effect of CO2 enrichment on starch-accumulating plants is an increase of nonstructural carbohydrate, especially starch, in nonleaf storage pools. This buildup occurs somewhat independently of the water status of the plant, and these enlarged pools can be drawn upon by the growing plant to maintain growth during periods of high metabolic demand. C1 USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP HENDRIX, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90054-X PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900012 ER PT J AU PINTER, PJ IDSO, SB HENDRIX, DL ROKEY, RR RAUSCHKOLB, RS MAUNEY, JR KIMBALL, BA HENDREY, GR LEWIN, KF NAGY, J AF PINTER, PJ IDSO, SB HENDRIX, DL ROKEY, RR RAUSCHKOLB, RS MAUNEY, JR KIMBALL, BA HENDREY, GR LEWIN, KF NAGY, J TI EFFECT OF FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT ON THE CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF COTTON LEAVES SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; EXTRACTABLE CHLOROPHYLL; LEAF GREENNESS; DRY-MATTER; NITROGEN; GROWTH; ROOT; DENSITY; PLANTS AB In vivo chlorophyll concentrations were estimated using a Minolta SPAD 502 meter on upper-canopy leaves of cotton plants exposed to air enriched to an atmospheric CO2 concentration of approximately 550 mumol mol-1 in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) study. Measurements were made on 27 days during the final 90 days of the 1991 growing season. In both well-watered and moderately water-stressed plants, leaves in the FACE plots had greater chlorophyll a concentrations than leaves in the ambient air control plots (about 370 mumol CO2 mol-1): season-long chlorophyll a averages were 7.1% greater in the 'wet' treatment and 8.2% greater in the 'dry' treatment. This finding differs from what has been observed in a number of studies where experimental plants were grown in small pots. It is, however, typical of what has been observed in studies employing larger pots and open fields, and is a compelling rationale for conducting additional studies of this nature in FACE projects. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV ARIZONA,MARICOPA AGR CTR,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. RP PINTER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90055-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900013 ER PT J AU BHATTACHARYA, NC RADIN, JW KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR HENDREY, GR NAGY, J LEWIN, KF PONCE, DC AF BHATTACHARYA, NC RADIN, JW KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR HENDREY, GR NAGY, J LEWIN, KF PONCE, DC TI LEAF WATER RELATIONS OF COTTON IN A FREE-AIR CO2-ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; CO2 ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; STRESS; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEEDLINGS; RESPONSES; CONDUCTANCE; PHOSPHORUS AB As part of an intensive study of crop response to CO2 enrichment in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in the field, we determined aspects of the water relations of a cotton crop on selected dates in 1991. The atmosphere was enriched from 370 mumol CO2 mol-1 (control) to about 550 mumol mol-1 in free air during daylight hours. Under full irrigation, CO2 enrichment decreased stomatal conductance and single-leaf transpiration only toward the end of the season, and these changes led to increased leaf water potentials only at that time of year. Under water-stressed (deficit irrigation) conditions, CO2 enrichment decreased conductance throughout the season but there was no corresponding consistent effect on leaf water potentials. As with the fully irrigated controls, CO2 enrichment increased leaf water potentials only at the end of the season. CO2 enrichment increased season-long biomass accumulation 39% under full irrigation and 34% under deficit irrigation. These results are consistent with previous studies of cotton in open-top chambers that found only small effects of CO2 enrichment on internal water relations of cotton, and no water stress-induced increase in crop responsiveness to elevated CO2. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90056-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900014 ER PT J AU DUGAS, WA HEUER, ML HUNSAKER, D KIMBALL, BA LEWIN, KF NAGY, J JOHNSON, M AF DUGAS, WA HEUER, ML HUNSAKER, D KIMBALL, BA LEWIN, KF NAGY, J JOHNSON, M TI SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS OF TRANSPIRATION FROM COTTON GROWN UNDER AMBIENT AND ENRICHED CO2 CONCENTRATIONS SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-USE; HEAT-BALANCE; STEM-FLOW; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; ELEVATED CO2; CROP YIELD; MASS-FLOW; EVAPORATION; PLANTS AB Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration has many implications for agriculture and forestry, one of which is the effect it will have on transpiration (T). The objective of this work was to quantify T of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in the field under ambient (370 mumol mol-1) and enriched (550 mumol mol-1) CO2 concentrations. Measurements were made in 1990 and 1991 at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Arizona. Constant-power sap flow gauges were used to measure T. In 1990, three plants and in 1991, 10 plants were simultaneously instrumented with gauges in each of the CO2 treatments. Leaf area of plants with gauges was measured. T measured by sap flow was compared with evapotranspiration (ET) calculated by water balance in 1990 and with T calculated by water balance in 1991. Soil evaporation was measured using microlysimeters in 1991, and was found to be essentially equal (approximately 0.8 mm day-1, or about 10% of T) in the two CO2 treatments. There were no consistent differences in leaf area of plants with gauges between the two CO2 treatments. Sap flow, for periods from 15 min to 2 weeks, was not significantly different between the two CO2 treatments in either year, except for a few days in 1990. In 1991, the coefficient of variation of daily sap flow across plants was the same (about 30%) for both CO2 treatments throughout the year. The water balance ET (1990) and T (1991) were similar to sap flow in both years, and also showed no effect of CO2 treatment. These results show that for this crop, grown under well-watered and high-fertility conditions, there was no effect of CO2 on T, on a per unit ground area or per plant basis. These results are relevant for assessing the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations on transpiration by cotton. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP DUGAS, WA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 47 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90060-4 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900018 ER PT J AU HUNSAKER, DJ HENDREY, GR KIMBALL, BA LEWIN, KF MAUNEY, JR NAGY, J AF HUNSAKER, DJ HENDREY, GR KIMBALL, BA LEWIN, KF MAUNEY, JR NAGY, J TI COTTON EVAPOTRANSPIRATION UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS WITH CO2 ENRICHMENT AND VARIABLE SOIL-MOISTURE REGIMES SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-USE; YIELD AB The CO2 concentration of the atmosphere is predicted to double by the next century, and this is expected to increase significantly the growth and yield of many important agricultural crops. One consequence of larger and more vigorous plants may be increased crop evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation water requirements. The objective of this work was to determine ET of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. 'Deltapine 77') grown under ambient (about 370 mumol mol-1) and enriched (550 mumol mol-1) CO2 concentrations for both well-watered and water-stress irrigation managements. Studies were conducted in 1990 and 1991 within a large, drip-irrigated cotton field in central Arizona. Cotton ET was measured during the growing seasons using a soil water balance, based on neutron gauge soil water measurements. ET, for periods from 7 to 14 days, was not significantly different between ambient and enriched CO2 treatments at the 0.05 probability level, and the total seasonal ET for the CO2 treatments varied by 2% or less in either year. However, water-stress treatments, which were initiated on 3 July (day of year (DOY) 184) in 1990 and on 20 May (DOY 128) in 1991, had significantly lower (P < 0.05) ET than well-watered treatments starting at the end of July in 1990 and in early July in 1991 when the plants were about 75-90 days old. The result that CO2 enrichment to 550 mumol mol-1 did not significantly change the ET of cotton was consistent with the results of co-investigators who measured ET in the same experiments using stem flow gauges and an energy balance. This result implies that irrigation water use would not have to be increased to produce cotton in a future high-CO2 world. However, if a concomitant change in climate occurs, such as global warming, cotton evapotranspiration may change in response to the changed weather condition. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP HUNSAKER, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 28 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90061-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900019 ER PT J AU KIMBALL, BA LAMORTE, RL SEAY, RS PINTER, PJ ROKEY, RR HUNSAKER, DJ DUGAS, WA HEUER, ML MAUNEY, JR HENDREY, GR LEWIN, KF NAGY, J AF KIMBALL, BA LAMORTE, RL SEAY, RS PINTER, PJ ROKEY, RR HUNSAKER, DJ DUGAS, WA HEUER, ML MAUNEY, JR HENDREY, GR LEWIN, KF NAGY, J TI EFFECTS OF FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT ON ENERGY-BALANCE AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF COTTON SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-USE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WHEAT CANOPY; LATENT-HEAT; CROP YIELD; EVAPORATION AB The effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) at 550 mumol mol-1 on the energy balance and evapotranspiration, ET, of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were investigated. Latent heat flux, lambdaET, was calculated as the residual in an energy balance approach from determinations of net radiation, R(n), minus surface soil heat flux, G0, minus sensible heat flux, H. R(n) was directly measured. G0 was determined from measurements with soil heat flux plates at 10 mm depth, corrected for temperature changes in the soil above. H was determined from measurements of air temperature with aspirated psychrometers, of foliage temperature with IR thermometers, and of wind speed with cup anemometers. Under ambient CO2 (control) conditions (about 370 mumol mol-1), the lambdaET from the energy balance approach agreed fairly well with values from several other methods, including the Bowen ratio method, lending credence to the technique. However, the results had an uncertainty of the order of 20% associated with the R(n) measurements. Therefore, an apparent increase in ET of about 13% in the FACE plots was judged insignificant. The conclusion that any effects of CO2 enrichment to 550 mumol mol-1 on the ET of cotton were too small to be detected was consistent with the results of other investigators who determined ET in the same experiment using stem flow gauges and the soil water balance. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,TEMPLE,TX 76502. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP KIMBALL, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 34 TC 67 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 259 EP 278 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90062-0 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900020 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR LAMORTE, RL HENDREY, GR LEWIN, K NAGY, J GATES, RN AF AKIN, DE KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR LAMORTE, RL HENDREY, GR LEWIN, K NAGY, J GATES, RN TI INFLUENCE OF ENHANCED CO2 CONCENTRATION AND IRRIGATION ON SUDANGRASS DIGESTIBILITY SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT AB An experimental line of sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) was included in the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) project in 1991 at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center to evaluate the effect of ambient (approximately 370 mumol mol-1) and enriched (550 mumol mol-1) CO2 in well-watered or water-stressed plots. Our specific objective was to determine modifications caused by these environmental effects on the percentages of morphological parts and the fiber components, and on the in vitro digestibility in vegetative and mature harvests. Enrichment with CO2 did not (P > 0.05) change the percentages of morphological parts or fiber components, or the digestibility of any of the morphological components. Protein levels tended to be lower in CO2-enriched plants. However, water-stressed plants tended to have a higher proportion of leaves (blades and sheaths) and a lower proportion of stems, were more digestible, and had lower amounts of anti-quality, aromatic compounds within the plant cell. Stems had the highest digestibility of all morphological components (about 75% in vegetative plants) despite the lowest levels of protein. Stems also showed the greatest changes caused by all treatments, including a 20% decline in digestibility from vegetative to mature samples. The results indicate that enriching CO2 to 550 mumol mol-1 did not reduce digestibility of sudangrass. C1 USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, WESTERN COTTON RES LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. USDA ARS, COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN, TIFTON, GA 31794 USA. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90063-9 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PK499 UT WOS:A1994PK49900021 ER PT J AU LEHRSCH, GA WHISLER, FD BUEHRING, NW AF LEHRSCH, GA WHISLER, FD BUEHRING, NW TI CROPPING SYSTEM INFLUENCES ON EXTRACTABLE WATER FOR MONO-CROPPED AND DOUBLE-CROPPED SOYBEAN SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AVAILABLE WATER; ROW SPACING; RELAY PLANTING; PLANTING DATE; WHEAT ID USE EFFICIENCY; ROW SPACINGS; ROOT-GROWTH; CLAY SOIL; WHEAT; TILLAGE; YIELD; AVAILABILITY; ROTATION; RESIDUE AB For rain-fed agriculture in the southeastern United States, efficient soil water use when double-cropping is essential. Water use by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is, however, poorly documented. Winter wheat may deplete soil water, thus limiting subsequent soybean yield. Cropping system variables, such as soybean planting date and row spacing, may also affect water use. Therefore, a 4-year field experiment in northeastern Mississippi was conducted on Leeper (Vertic Haplaquept) and Catalpa (Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) silty clays. The objectives were to (1) determine the influence of soybean planting date, cropping system (monocropped versus double-cropped), and row spacing on extractable water (similar to available water) for soybean, and (2) identify a production system to improve the use of extractable water over a growing season. In mid- to late-May (the first soybean planting date), ''Centennial'' soybean in 38- or 76-cm rows was planted either between rows of standing wheat or in bare (monocropped) plots. After the wheat was harvested and the straw chopped, soybean was planted into bare soil or planted no-till into wheat stubble in mid-June for the second planting and in early July for the third. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe from soybean emergence to maturity. Differences between each water content profile and a dry profile (constructed using the lowest recorded water content at each depth) were regarded as extractable water. Neither soybean planting date nor cropping system, as a main effect, exerted much influence on extractable water for soybean. As interacting factors later in the season, however, they were important. Plots with soybean in 38-rather than 76-cm rows contained more extractable water throughout the 1982 and 1983 seasons, and yielded over 9% more seed. Canopies closed about 20 days sooner with narrow rows than with wide rows. These full canopies protected and shaded the soil surface, probably reducing crusting and decreasing water losses by evaporation. We concluded that double-cropped soybean in 38-cm rows planted either into standing wheat in late May or into wheat stubble not later than mid-June utilized extractable water efficiently in silty clay soils in northeastern Mississippi. C1 N MISSISSIPPI RES & EXTENS CTR,VERONA,MS 38879. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP LEHRSCH, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(94)90021-3 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA PM419 UT WOS:A1994PM41900002 ER PT J AU DICK, RP SANDOR, JA EASH, NS AF DICK, RP SANDOR, JA EASH, NS TI SOIL ENZYME-ACTIVITIES AFTER 1500 YEARS OF TERRACE AGRICULTURE IN THE COLCA VALLEY, PERU SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; CARBON AB Long-term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. Long-term sites can provide important information about the effects of soil management practices on soil properties but there are relatively few such sites available worldwide. The Colca Valley of Peru provided a unique opportunity to study the effects of 1500 years of cultivation on Mollisols. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of cultivation at this site on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. The study compared three key soil enzyme activities (phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, and amidase) in presently cultivated and abandoned agricultural terraces, and matched uncultivated soils. Results showed that levels of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were greater in agricultural than uncultivated soils. Unlike temperate regions where monoculture, intensive tillage and/or inorganic fertilizer practices have depressed soil enzyme activities, cultivated Colca soils have maintained similar or higher activities than the uncultivated/native soils. Maintenance of enzyme activities over hundreds of years in agricultural soils is partly attributed to traditional management practices including rotations with legumes, additions of animal manures, and minimum tillage. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP DICK, RP (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,30717 AGR & LIFE SCI BLDG,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. OI Eash, Neal/0000-0001-9141-4302 NR 36 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 50 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(94)90131-7 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PJ399 UT WOS:A1994PJ39900004 ER PT J AU UPCHURCH, DR BUSSCHER, WJ BOX, JE AF UPCHURCH, DR BUSSCHER, WJ BOX, JE TI SYMPOSIUM ON RHIZOSPHERE RESEARCH IN HONOR OF TAYLOR,HOWARD,M. - PREFACE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29502. USDA ARS,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP UPCHURCH, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,RT 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 743 EP 744 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PP649 UT WOS:A1994PP64900001 ER PT J AU KLEPPER, B KASPAR, TC AF KLEPPER, B KASPAR, TC TI RHIZOTRONS - THEIR DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rhizosphere Research, at the ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON, CROP SCI SOC AMER, SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID ROOT OBSERVATIONS; MINI-RHIZOTRONS; WATER RELATIONS; VIDEO CAMERA; SYSTEM; SOIL; GROWTH; COTTON; TAPROOT; TOP AB Rhizotrons are tools for making nondestructive, repeated observations and measurements of root systems. Primary objectives of this review are to report features of several rhizotrons and to describe the types of research that have been and will be performed in them. Rhizotrons are permanent installations, geneally with transparent viewing surfaces for measurement of plant roots. Typically, these facilities have control of drainage and are well instrumented for macroscopic and microscopic observations of roots. They are excellent for getting descriptive and semi-quantitative data on simulataneous changes in root and shoot systems of different cultivars or species over seasons or in response to treatments. Rhizotrons can also be designed to allow measurement of mass balances of water and nutrients within the rooting volume of a crop. Future uses of rhizotrons will include research on the root-zone behavior of soil nutrients such as NO3, detailed measurement of processes such as diffusion and mass flow of liquids and gases in soils, and development of better information on the role of soil biota in nutrient cycling and uptake. This new information will permit better definition of the role of root systems in plant growth and development. C1 NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP KLEPPER, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 745 EP 753 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PP649 UT WOS:A1994PP64900002 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW KASPAR, TC AF UNGER, PW KASPAR, TC TI SOIL COMPACTION AND ROOT-GROWTH - A REVIEW SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rhizosphere Research, at the ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON, CROP SCI SOC AMER, SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SUBSOIL COMPACTION; BULK-DENSITY; CORN; TILLAGE; YIELD; PALEUDULTS; MAIZE AB Adverse effects of soil compaction on crop production have been recognized for many years. The objectives of this report were to briefly review the early literature, review the contributions of Dr. Howard M. Taylor (1924-1991) and co-workers, examine the current status of soil compaction and root growth research, and identify research needs related to soil compaction and root growth. Early in his career, Dr. Taylor and co-workers established relationships among soil strength, soil water content, and seedling emergence and root growth. These studies showed that root growth and distribution were altered to the point that water and nutrient uptake, and, hence, plant growth and yield, were reduced when soil strength reached critical levels due to natural or induced compaction. That research formed the basis for our current knowledge concerning the effects of compaction on root growth and the alleviation of compaction through soil and tillage management. Usually, not all parts of a root system are equally exposed to compaction under field conditions. Hence, because of compensatory growth by unimpeded parts of the system, only the distribution and not the total length of roots may be altered. Even if compaction limits root growth, weather events sometimes enhance or diminish the effect of root limitation on crop growth. To reduce risks in dry years and to use applied nutrients efficiently, managing soils through the use of tillage and related practices and growing of deep-rooted crops in rotations will help avoid or alleviate compaction, thus improving root distribution and increasing rooting depth. C1 NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 60 TC 192 Z9 204 U1 10 U2 88 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 759 EP 766 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PP649 UT WOS:A1994PP64900004 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MJ AF WILLIAMS, MJ TI GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS OF RHIZOMA PEANUT AND NITROGEN-FERTILIZED BAHIAGRASS SWARDS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The interaction of plant sensitivity to drought with N deficiency has been suggested as the reason grasses fail to persist under grazing when grown in association with rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.). To test this assumption, aboveground dry matter (DM) accumulation and relative growth rate (RGR) of 'Florigraze' rhizoma peanut and 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) fertilized with 0, 56, and 112 kg N ha-1 were measured from March to November in 1990 and 1991. Rhizoma peanut aboveground DM accumulation was greater both years (4950 and 6100 kg ha-1 in 1990 and 1991, respectively) in July at the start of the summer rainy season than any N-fertilized bahiagrass treatment (640 and 1530, 1240 and 2330, and 1570 and 4490 kg ha-1 in 1990 and 1991 for 0-N, 56-N, and 112-N treatments, respectively), due to higher RGR. Although the RGR of rhizoma peanut was similar to or less than that of the bahiagrass treatments for the remainder of the growing season in both years, by August 1991 only the 112-N bahiagrass treatment (5260 kg ha-1) had total DM accumulation similar to rhizoma peanut (5110 kg ha-1). Rhizoma peanut RGR appeared to be more sensitive to rainfall, and was positively correlated (r = 0.71) with rainfall for as long as 8 wk prior to the sample dates in the dry spring of 1990. Bahiagrass RGR showed no correlation with rainfall either year. This suggests that lack of persistence of bahiagrass in mixed swards is due to severe competition for light with rhizoma peanut in springs when moisture is adequate and to potentially increased stress due to grazing in springs when drought restricts growth of rhizoma peanut. RP WILLIAMS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,STARS,22271 CHINSEGUTH HILL RD,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 819 EP 823 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PP649 UT WOS:A1994PP64900013 ER PT J AU RAO, SC DAO, TH AF RAO, SC DAO, TH TI STRAW QUALITY OF 10 WHEAT CULTIVARS UNDER CONVENTIONAL AND NO-TILL SYSTEMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; DRY-MATTER; CRUDE PROTEIN; GROWTH; DIGESTIBILITY AB Straw of small-grain cereal is an important source of feed for maintenance of ruminant livestock. Information on the nutritional quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw under conservation tillage system is limited. Grain and straw (leaves and stem) samples were obtained from a previous tillage by cultivar field study conducted on a Bethany silt loam (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Paleustoll) from 1984 to 1987 near El Reno, OK, to determine the straw quality of 10 hard red winter wheat cultivars grown under conventional (moldboard plow) and no-till systems. Straw was analyzed for neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (LIG), crude protein (CP), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Fiber (ADF and NDF) and LIG concentrations of straw from the early-maturity cultivars were higher (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) than medium and late maturity cultivars. Crude protein (5 to 12 g kg-1) and IVDMD (25 to 39 g kg-1) concentrations were lower in early-maturing than in medium- and late-maturing cultivars among years. Neutral-detergent fiber and ADF concentrations of all cultivars were not affected by tillage system; however, LIG of early-maturing cultivars (Chisholm and Vona) grown under a no-till system was 9 to 24 g kg-1 lower in 1985 and 1986 than in conventionally tilled plots. In vitro dry matter digestibility of all cultivars was not consistently affected by tillage system: no significant difference in 1984, while straw IVDMD from no-till plots of all cultivars averaged 9 g kg-1 lower in 1985 and 13 g kg-1 lower in 1986, compared with conventionally tilled plots. Straw quality of the 10 wheat cultivars varied among maturity groups, but the effect of tillage system on straw quality was minimal. RP RAO, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 833 EP 837 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PP649 UT WOS:A1994PP64900016 ER PT J AU YOUNG, FL OGG, AG BOERBOOM, CM ALLDREDGE, JR PAPENDICK, RI AF YOUNG, FL OGG, AG BOERBOOM, CM ALLDREDGE, JR PAPENDICK, RI TI INTEGRATION OF WEED MANAGEMENT AND TILLAGE PRACTICES IN SPRING DRY PEA PRODUCTION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Information about long-term efficient production systems is needed to assist growers in adopting conservation cropping practices for spring dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), a biologically important pulse crop grown in the Pacific Northwest and Canada. From 1985 to 1991, an integrated pest management field study examined the influence of three weed management levels and two tillage regimes on the productivity of spring pea grown in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-spring pea rotation. When averaged over 6 yr, spring pea yielded the least with the minimum weed management level in either the conservation (chisel plow) or conventional (moldboard plow) tillage system. In conservation tillage, yields were similar at the moderate and maximum weed management levels and up to 335 kg ha-1 more than pea with the minimum weed management level. In contrast, in conventional tillage, yields were increased only at the maximum level of control compared with the minimum level. Yields of pea grown under conservation tillage were equal to or greater than yields in conventional tillage when averaged over weed management levels. The reduced tillage system on the integrated pest management project met conservation compliance for both planting pea into spring barley residue and planting winter wheat into pea residue. In addition to reducing erosion, the conservation pea production system did not increase substantially herbicide use and cost, thus maintaining environmental quality. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROGRAM STAT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP YOUNG, FL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 868 EP 874 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PP649 UT WOS:A1994PP64900021 ER PT J AU BATRA, S AF BATRA, S TI DIVERSIFY WITH POLLEN BEES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP BATRA, S (reprint author), USDA,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 134 IS 9 BP 591 EP 594 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PE161 UT WOS:A1994PE16100018 ER PT J AU NIKLAS, KJ BUCHMAN, SL AF NIKLAS, KJ BUCHMAN, SL TI THE ALLOMETRY OF SAGUARO HEIGHT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION AB The allometry of plant height H with respect to mean stem diameter D was determined based on 118 saguaro plants. The slope obtained for the reduced major axis regression analysis of the data was 2.36 +/- 0.085, indicating that taller plants are disproportionately more slender than their shorter, presumably younger counterparts. The consequences of this positive, extremely anisometric relation on the elastic stability of stems were estimated by computing the critical buckling height H-crit for each of the 118 stems on the basis of the mean density-specific stiffiness (i.e., the quotient of Young's elastic modulus E and bulk tissue density rho) determined for a single section from a mature saguaro stem. E/rho was nearly equivalent to that of tissue samples of sclerenchyma isolated from other plant species. Since the slope of H-crit vs. D equals 2/3 approximate to 0.67 when E/rho approximate to a constant, the safety-factor for saguaro stems (i.e., H-crit/H) appeared to be size-dependent such that it decreased with increasing plant height (i.e., H-crit/H proportional to D--1.69). However, the mean safety-factor computed for the 118 saguaro specimens was 9.64, indicating that, on the average, plant height was well below H-crit. Additionally, circumstantial evidence suggests that saguaro stems become more stiff as they increase in size (and age) and that the rate of stem growth decelerates over time. The former would obtain a near size-independent safety-factor against elastic buckling while the latter protracts the time required to reach the critical buckling height. Comparisons among the allometries of H and H-crit for saguaro, other cacti, nonwoody, and highly branched tree species indicated that saguaro size overlaps with the lower size-range of the largest known dicot and gymnosperm tree specimens likely as a consequence of the high E/rho of mature saguaro stems. C1 USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP NIKLAS, KJ (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,PLANT BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1161 EP 1168 DI 10.2307/2445478 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PG630 UT WOS:A1994PG63000010 ER PT J AU PRAKASH, C NELSON, GJ WU, MM SCHMIDT, PC PHILLIPS, MA BLAIR, IA AF PRAKASH, C NELSON, GJ WU, MM SCHMIDT, PC PHILLIPS, MA BLAIR, IA TI DECREASED SYSTEMIC THROMBOXANE A(2) BIOSYNTHESIS IN NORMAL HUMAN-SUBJECTS FED A SALMON-RICH DIET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATES; URINARY EXCRETION; PROSTAGLANDINS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; EICOSANOIDS ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; GREENLAND ESKIMOS; ADULT MEN; FISH-OIL; PLATELET; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; AGGREGATION; INGESTION AB Nine normal male subjects were fed a reference diet typical of that consumed in the United States and a diet containing approximate to 450 g salmon (salmon-rich diet). The salmon diet contained approximate to 6 g omega 3 fatty acids that comprised 2.0% energy intake/d for each individual. The percent energy contribution of protein, carbohydrate, and fat (19%, 56%, and 25%, respectively) was identical for the two diets. Urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B-2 was significantly lower (0.74 +/- 0.26 ng/24 h) with the salmon diet compared with the reference diet (0.95 +/- 0.31 ng/24 h). In addition, in vitro generation of thromboxane B-2 in response to collagen-stimulated aggregation of platelet-rich plasma from subjects consuming the salmon diet was reduced (1.87 +/- 0.79 ng/mL) compared with subjects consuming the reference diet (3.10 +/- 1.81 ng/mL). Urinary 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-prostaglandin F-1 alpha excretion in subjects was not significantly different between the salmon diet (0.69 +/- 0.33 ng/24 h) and the reference diet (0.81 +/- 0.44 ng/24 h). C1 VANDERBILT UNIV, DEPT PHARMACOL, NASHVILLE, TN 37232 USA. VANDERBILT UNIV, CLIN NUTR RES UNIT, NASHVILLE, TN USA. USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. RI Blair, Ian/B-3320-2010 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK26557] NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 60 IS 3 BP 369 EP 373 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PE365 UT WOS:A1994PE36500010 PM 8074067 ER PT J AU KLUMPP, SA ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM DUBEY, JP AF KLUMPP, SA ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM DUBEY, JP TI ENCEPHALOMYELITIS DUE TO A SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA-LIKE PROTOZOAN IN A RHESUS-MONKEY (MACACA-MULATTA) INFECTED WITH SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB A captive-born rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus developed neurologic abnormalities approximately seven months postinoculation. A chronic necrotizing encephalomyelitis with intralesional protozoal schizonts was diagnosed histologically. The protozoa was identified as Sarcocystis neurona based on its morphologic characteristics by light and electron microscopic examination, the developmental stages of the schizonts, and positive staining with antisera against Sarcocystis cruzi by immunocytochemical techniques. Although S. neurona may be confused with Toxoplasma gondii by light microscopy, the former lacks rhoptries, is in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm, and divides by endopolygeny. Sarcocystis neurona has recently been identified as an etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis in horses, raccoons, and mink. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KLUMPP, SA (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165] NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3 BP 332 EP 338 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PJ690 UT WOS:A1994PJ69000012 PM 7943553 ER PT J AU CHEVILLE, NF JENSEN, AE MORFITT, DC STABEL, TJ AF CHEVILLE, NF JENSEN, AE MORFITT, DC STABEL, TJ TI CUTANEOUS DELAYED-HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS OF CATTLE VACCINATED WITH MUTANT STRAINS OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS, USING BRUCELLINS PREPARED FROM VARIOUS BRUCELLAR STRAINS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES; INFECTION; PROTEINS; SMOOTH AB Cutaneous reactivity to brucellin was evaluated in 10-month-old heifers vaccinated with low-virulence mutant strains of Brucella abortus and was compared with brucellin reactions in postparturient cows with active brucellosis. In the cows, the cutaneous lesion was characterized microscopically as severe, acute, serofibrinous vasculitis; dermal lesions at 6, 12 25, and 48 hours after brucellin injection consisted of endothelial activation and perivascular exudation that led to progressive accumulation of fibrin, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. In vaccinated heifers, cutaneous tests were done, using standard brucellin, brucellin prepared from strain RB51, and the purified brucellar proteins-31K and superoxide dismutase. Negative-control cattle given saline solution, did not have cutaneous reactions. Standard brucellin induced the most marked reactions in vaccinated heifers. Brucellin from rough strain RB51 caused positive reactions in heifers vaccinated with strain 19, but reactions were variable in other groups. Skin lesions induced by purified superoxide dismutase and 31-kd proteins in vaccinated cattle were not acceptable for diagnosis. Marked variability of test responses in vaccinated cattle precludes field use of this test to determine vaccination status. RP CHEVILLE, NF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1261 EP 1266 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PD980 UT WOS:A1994PD98000013 PM 7802394 ER PT J AU TEAL, PEA NACHMAN, RJ AF TEAL, PEA NACHMAN, RJ TI SEPARATION OF NEUROPEPTIDES BY INVERSE GRADIENT REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY ON A BONDED PHENYL SUPPORT SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID PEPTIDES; PROTEINS C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP TEAL, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,1700 SW 23 DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 221 IS 2 BP 422 EP 425 DI 10.1006/abio.1994.1439 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PD584 UT WOS:A1994PD58400035 PM 7810891 ER PT J AU KOEMEL, WC CALLAHAN, PS AF KOEMEL, WC CALLAHAN, PS TI RELATIONSHIP OF EXTREMELY-LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO-EMISSION FROM FLYING INSECTS TO SEMIOCHEMICAL COMMUNICATION SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ELF RADIO EMISSION; PUMPING SEMIOCHEMICAL; WINGBEAT AB Wings of flying insects produce extremely low frequency (ELF) radio emissions. These radio emissions are detectable with a tune radio frequency radio receiver. The insect's right and left wings do not always move at the same velocity, therefore, different ELF radio frequencies are produced. ELF radio frequencies have been shown to pump (put energy into) insect semiochemicals in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The ELF radio frequencies are related to the far-infrared emission of such insect attractants. C1 USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32605. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PG903 UT WOS:A1994PG90300001 ER PT J AU TANG, YQ YOKOMI, RK GAGNE, RJ AF TANG, YQ YOKOMI, RK GAGNE, RJ TI LIFE-HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF ENDAPHIS-MACULANS (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE), AN ENDOPARASITOID OF APHIDS IN FLORIDA AND THE CARIBBEAN BASIN SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; GALL MIDGE; CITRUS APHID AB A solitary endoparastic gall midge, Endaphis maculans (Barnes) (New Combination), was found in Florida attacking three citrus aphids, Aphis spiraecola Patch, Aphis gossypii Glover, and Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe). E. maculans is redescribed and compared with other Endaphis species. Pseudendaphis Barnes and Occuloxenium Mamaev are considered new junior synonyms of Endaphis. A laboratory colony of E. maculans was established on A. spiraecola. E. maculans laid its eggs on aphid-infested leaves and, upon hatching, the motile larva searched for aphids. When an aphid was encountered, the larvae penetrated the aphid's dorsum and developed as an endoparasitoid. All stages of A. spiraecola were parasitized, but third and fourth instars and adults had the highest degree of parasitism. The mature larva left its host through the anal opening and dropped to the soil to pupate. Average development time from egg to adult emergence was 19.1 d in the laboratory at 25-26-degrees-C. In field surveys conducted from August to November 1993, we observed over 50% parasitism of all stages of A. spiraecola on Viburnum odoratissimum Walt (Rubiales: Caprifoliaceae). The weakly parasitism rate of third- and fourth-instar A. spiraecola by E. maculans differed greatly on different host plants. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 523 EP 531 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PG903 UT WOS:A1994PG90300005 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR AF HORTON, DR TI RELATIONSHIP AMONG SAMPLING METHODS IN DENSITY ESTIMATES OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) - IMPLICATIONS OF SEX, REPRODUCTIVE MATURITY, AND SAMPLING LOCATION SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; SAMPLING; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT ID GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS; CICADELLIDAE; TEMPERATURE; PYRICOLA; TRAPS; CATCH; FALL AB Correlations among three sampling methods in counts of summerform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were determined. Counts obtained using yellow sticky traps, beat trays, and open-ended organdy bags were linearly and positively related. Factors that affected correlations among methods included sex, height in the tree canopy from which the sample was obtained, and reproductive maturity of the insects. For a given beat tray count or bag count, sticky trap catches were larger for males than females, were larger in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy, and were reduced during sampling intervals in which most females were reproductively immature. These results suggest that males were more active than females, that psylla in the upper canopy were more active than those in the lower canopy, and that reproductively immature psylla were inactive comparatively. Absolute densities (psylla per leaf) were estimated by dropping open-ended organdy bags over pear shoots. This method proved to be time consuming, and therefore a regression equation that transformed beat tray counts into numbers of psylla per leaf was fitted; the model explained 49.3% of the variation. Sex ratios varied with sampling method and height in the canopy. Sticky trap counts were more male-biased than the other two sampling methods. Male bias was larger in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy. Percentage of female psylla that were reproductively mature varied with sampling method and height in the canopy. Females collected with sticky traps and in the upper canopy were often older than those collected with bags or in the lower canopy. Wing size of males and females did not differ between canopy heights. Wing size decreased between subsequent generations. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 583 EP 591 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PG903 UT WOS:A1994PG90300014 ER PT J AU FISHER, JR AF FISHER, JR TI TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF EMBRYOS OF 3 SPECIES OF MELANOPLUS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE GRASSHOPPERS; HATCH; DEVELOPMENT AB Postdiapause development and survival of embryos to hatch were studied at 10 constant temperatures (12, 15, 18, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42-degrees-C) for three species of North American grasshoppers: Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), M. bivittatus (Say), and M. differentialis (Thomas). M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus had similar development curves (rate versus temperature) with developmental thresholds of 10.4 and 9.8-degrees-C, respectively. M. differentialis had a slower development curve, but the developmental threshold was 8.8-degrees-C. Even though M. differentialis had a lower developmental threshold, mean hatch days, the time to the first day of hatch, and the respective thermal units were nearly double those of M. sanguinipes or M. bivittatus. Percentage of hatch was greatest at 26.8-degrees-C for M. sanguinipes, at 24-degrees-C for M. bivittatus, and at 26.3-degrees-C for M. differentialis; thermal death points were reached at 43, 42, and 42.3-degrees-C, respectively. RP FISHER, JR (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NO PLAINS AREA,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 604 EP 608 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PG903 UT WOS:A1994PG90300017 ER PT J AU NEAL, JW LEONHARDT, BA BROWN, JK BENTZ, JA DEVILBISS, ED AF NEAL, JW LEONHARDT, BA BROWN, JK BENTZ, JA DEVILBISS, ED TI CUTICULAR LIPIDS OF GREENHOUSE-WHITEFLY AND SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY TYPE-A AND TYPE-B (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) PUPAL EXUVIAE ON THE SAME HOSTS SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE WHITEFLIES; CUTICULAR LIPIDS; HOST PLANTS ID BEMISIA-TABACI; HYDROCARBONS; POPULATIONS; SILVERLEAF; PATTERNS AB Cuticular lipids were extracted and chemically characterized from the pupal exuviae and associated dorsal extrusions and palisade wall of the exuviae that are secondary structures of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and from pupal exuviae of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), type B reared on tomato, poinsettia, broccoli, tobacco, or lettuce. The pupal exuviae of T. vaporariorum separates completely at adult eclosion from its palisade wall (not present in B. tabaci), allowing removal of the exuviae for analysis of its cuticular lipids. Four classes of lipids were detected from all hosts in the exuviae of T. vaporariorum: paraffins, alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates, whereas variable combinations of paraffins, alcohols, and aldehydes were detected in B. tabaci. T. vaporariorum exuviae on all hosts had significantly more total lipids than did B. tabaci. Both lipid class and constituent abundance were influenced significantly by different interactions of the whitefly and host plant. In the greenhouse whitefly, the four lipid classes were insect controlled and variability within class was influenced by the host plant, whereas in the sweetpotato whitefly type B, lipid class variability was random and directly related to host. Alcohols were the most abundant lipid found in T. vaporariorum, whereas no particular lipid class was consistently predominant in B. tabaci. Alcohols were not detected from exuviae of B. tabaci reared on the solanaceous tomato or tobacco plants but were detected on B. tabaci reared on poinsettia and broccoli. The cuticular lipids of B. tabaci type A and B on sweetpotato and cotton were compared and no major differences were found. Therefore, measurable differences in the cuticular lipids of T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci can be used to distinguish between these two whiteflies but cannot be used to distinguish the two types of B. tabaci when reared on the same host plant. The composition of lipid classes and individual chemical constituents in the secondary structures of T. vaporariorum differed significantly. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,US NATL ARBORETUM,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NEAL, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,US NATL ARBORETIUM,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BLDG 470,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 609 EP 618 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PG903 UT WOS:A1994PG90300018 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, DB PETERSON, RD AF TAYLOR, DB PETERSON, RD TI POPULATION-GENETICS AND GENE VARIATION IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCREWWORM (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; C-MACELLARIA; POPULATION GENETICS ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX DIPTERA; FORMALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; FLY; ENVIRONMENTS; INSECTS; AMERICA AB Allozyme variation in screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), and secondary screwworm, C. macellaria (F.), populations from northwest Costa Rica was examined. Variability was observed in 11 of 13 enzyme loci and frequency of the most common allele was <0.95 for 5 loci in screwworm. In secondary screwworm, 12 of 13 loci were variable and the frequency of the most common allele was <0.95 for 6 loci. Expected heterozygosities were 0.149 and 0.160 for screwworm and secondary screwworm, respectively. Goodness-of-fit statistics for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Wrights F statistics indicated that both species are panmictic with no evidence of population substructuring. Nei's genetic distances were 0.000-0.001 for intraspecific comparisons and 0.899-0.916 for interspecific comparisons. The data indicate a high level of gene flow between populations within each species. RP TAYLOR, DB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 87 IS 5 BP 626 EP 633 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PG903 UT WOS:A1994PG90300020 ER PT J AU GAMBLE, GR SETHURAMAN, A AKIN, DE ERIKSSON, KEL AF GAMBLE, GR SETHURAMAN, A AKIN, DE ERIKSSON, KEL TI BIODEGRADATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE IN BERMUDA GRASS BY WHITE-ROT FUNGI ANALYZED BY SOLID-STATE C-13 NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DEGRADING FUNGI; LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; STRAW; WOOD; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Following the solid state fermentation of Bermuda grass by two lignin-degrading white rot fungi, compositional changes have been observed in situ by utilization of cross-polarization and magic angle spinning C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance difference spectra and interrupted decoupling spectra. Intensity differences in the C-13 resonances assigned to specific components of the cell wall were used to observe these changes. Bermuda grass treated with Phanerochaete chrysosporium K-3 exhibited losses primarily in the polysaccharide components, with a smaller proportion of phenolic components also being degraded. In contrast, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP 90031-sp removed a proportionate amount of phenolic components compared with polysaccharide components. The results also indicated that C. subvermispora preferentially removes guaiacyl phenolic components relative to syringyl phenolic components, while P. chrysosporium was nonspecific in its attack on phenolic components. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP GAMBLE, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 60 IS 9 BP 3138 EP 3144 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PE570 UT WOS:A1994PE57000013 PM 7944358 ER PT J AU JENSEN, NS STANTON, TB AF JENSEN, NS STANTON, TB TI PRODUCTION OF AN INDUCIBLE SUCRASE ACTIVITY BY SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; SP-NOV; SPIROCHETE; SEROTYPES; DYSENTERY; BACTERIA; SWINE; RUMEN; AL AB Strains of Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens produced a cell-associated sucrase activity when grown in a medium containing sucrose. S. hyodysenteriae B204 sucrase activity cleaved sucrose and, to a lesser extent, raffinose and had a pH optimum of 5.7 to 6.2. This is the first report of an inducible enzyme produced by either S. hyodysenteriae or S. innocens. RP JENSEN, NS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 60 IS 9 BP 3429 EP 3432 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PE570 UT WOS:A1994PE57000056 PM 7944375 ER PT J AU HARNLY, JM AF HARNLY, JM TI EVALUATION OF CALIBRATION METHODS FOR ZEEMAN GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY USING COMPUTER MODELING SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE ZEEMAN AAS; CALIBRATION; LINEARIZED ABSORBENCY; STRAY LIGHT ID ANALYTICAL CURVES; DYNAMIC-RANGE AB Computer modeling was used to compare calibration curves and relative concentration errors for normal, linearized, and three-field Zeeman GF-AAS. The model assumed that either photon shot noise or the combination of photon shot and analyte fluctuation noise were limiting and that the sole source of nonlinearity was stray light. For absorbance, the calibration range and the relative concentration error for all three methods are almost identical. The difference is a reduced-sensitivity curve for three-field Zeeman, which offers a relative concentration error advantage in the concentration region where the most sensitive curve rolls over. For integrated absorbance, the sum of absorbances over the analytical peak, linearized Zeeman provides a significant relative concentration error advantage over the other methods at the high concentration end of the calibration curve. The calibration range is effectively extended by at least 1.5 orders of magnitude. This advantage arises from integration of absorbances which have a linear relationship to concentration. At high concentrations, absorbances computed for normal and three-field Zeeman are nonlinear with respect to concentration. Three-field Zeeman offers no advantage over normal Zeeman for integrated absorbance. RP HARNLY, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BLDG 161,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1156 EP 1165 DI 10.1366/0003702944029541 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA PL056 UT WOS:A1994PL05600017 ER PT J AU MUSSELMAN, RC YOUNGLOVE, T MCCOOL, PM AF MUSSELMAN, RC YOUNGLOVE, T MCCOOL, PM TI RESPONSE OF PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L TO DIFFERING OZONE REGIMES HAVING IDENTICAL TOTAL EXPOSURE SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CONCENTRATION; EXPOSURE; PEAKS; INDEXES; SHAPE; WEIGHTING ID GROWTH; BEANS AB Protocols were designed to test For differences in response of plants to ozone treatments having equal total exposure (concentration x time) but different exposure profiles. Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. California Dark Red) were exposed to ozone in controlled fumigation chambers within a greenhouse. Four different ozone exposure profiles were used, each having the same total cumulative exposure (SUMOO) and the same 7, 12 and 24 h seasonal means. The three exposure profiles which incorporated peak concentrations more severely impacted response parameters compared to a steady-state profile which did not exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Significant differences were found in percent necrotic leaf area, number of pods and top dry weight between exposure profiles. In additional analyses, the response parameters were regressed against seasonal cumulative ozone concentrations raised to powers of 0.33 and from 0.5 to 4 in steps of 0.5 in order to increase effective weighting of the higher concentrations. Total dry weight and leaf necrosis were best fit with the sum of the squared concentrations (n=2) while number of pods was best fit by the summed concentrations to the 3,5 power (n = 3.5). These analyses suggest the peak ozone concentrations are important in determining plant response. C1 US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80562. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR 006,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 28 IS 16 BP 2727 EP 2731 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90444-8 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PJ729 UT WOS:A1994PJ72900015 ER PT J AU FINNEGAN, J MCELROY, D AF FINNEGAN, J MCELROY, D TI TRANSGENE INACTIVATION - PLANTS FIGHT BACK SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; REPORTER GENE-EXPRESSION; TOBACCO CHITINASE GENE; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; T-DNA METHYLATION; CROWN GALL TUMOR; MAIZE A1 GENE; CO-SUPPRESSION; NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; PETUNIA-HYBRIDA AB Desirable new phenotypes created by the introduction of foreign DNA into plants are frequently unstable following propagation, leading to a loss of the newly acquired traits. This genetic instability is due not to deletion or mutation of the introduced DNA but rather to the inactivation of the transgene. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that might be responsible for transgene inactivation and examine means of stabilizing gene expression in transgenic plants. C1 USDA ARS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP FINNEGAN, J (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,GPO BOX 1600,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Finnegan, Elizabeth/A-1183-2010 NR 70 TC 314 Z9 338 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 12 IS 9 BP 883 EP 888 DI 10.1038/nbt0994-883 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PF204 UT WOS:A1994PF20400018 ER PT J AU KLEMANLEYER, KM GILKES, NR MILLER, RC KIRK, TK AF KLEMANLEYER, KM GILKES, NR MILLER, RC KIRK, TK TI CHANGES IN THE MOLECULAR-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INSOLUBLE CELLULOSES BY THE ACTION OF RECOMBINANT CELLULOMONAS-FIMI CELLULASES SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL CELLULASE; WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENDOGLUCANASE-C; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; BINDING DOMAINS; B CENB; GENE AB Specific patterns of attacks of cotton, bacterial cellulose and bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) by recombinant cellulases of Cellulomonas fumi were investigated. Molecular-size distributions of the celluloses were determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. Chromatography of cotton and bacterial celluloses revealed single major peaks centred over progressively lower molecular-mass positions during attack by endoglucanase CenA. In advanced stages, a second peak appeared at very low average size (approx. 11 glucosyl units); ultimate weight losses were approximately 30%. The isolated catalytic domain of CenA, p30, gave results very similar to those with complete CenA. CenA did not effectively depolymerize or solubilize BMCC significantly. Molecular-size distributions of cotton and bacterial cellulose incubated with endoglucanases CenB or CenD exhibited one major peak regardless of incubation time; low-molecular-mass fragments did not accumulate. Weight losses were 40 and 35% respectively. The single peak shifted to lower-molecular-mass positions as incubation continued, but high-molecular-mass material persisted. CenB and CenD readily attacked and solubilized BMCC (approx. 70%). We conclude that CenA attacks cellulose by preferentially cleaving completely through the cellulose microfibrils at the amorphous sites, and much more slowly by degrading the crystalline surfaces. Conversely, CenB and CenD cleave the amorphous regions much less efficiently while vigorously degrading the surfaces of the crystalline regions of the microfibrils. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 302 BP 463 EP 469 PN 2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PF657 UT WOS:A1994PF65700023 PM 8092998 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM ROGERS, CE AF SIMMONS, AM ROGERS, CE TI EFFECT OF AN ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE, NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE, ON ADULT LONGEVITY AND EGG FERTILITY IN SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; FALL ARMYWORM; NEMATODA; NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE; PARASITE; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TROPICAL AMERICA; APHELENCHOIDIDAE; TEMPERATURE; MOTHS AB The effect of an ectoparasitic nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet & Silvain (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), on adult longevity and egg fertility in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) was studied in the laboratory. Infestation of S. frugiperda was achieved by crossing field-collected, infested moths with virgin, laboratory-reared moths. In 1989-1990, adult longevity of infested male moths was reduced by about 30%, whereas female longevity was reduced by about 15%. Longevity of female moths also was decreased by the nematode in 1991. Survival of field-collected moths was 63% less in infested moths than in noninfested moths 3 days after their confinement in the laboratory. Fecundity for infested and noninfested moths was similar in 1989-1990. However, in 1990, fertility was depressed in infested female moths by up to 20%. Among insects held under three constant temperature regimes (20, 25, and 30-degrees-C) in 1991, egg hatch was affected most at the lowest temperature. This is the first evidence of an ectoparasitic nematode affecting the biology of adult S. frugiperda. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1994 VL 4 IS 3 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1006/bcon.1994.1036 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA PJ795 UT WOS:A1994PJ79500008 ER PT J AU LACEY, LA AMARAL, JJ COUPLAND, J KLEIN, MG AF LACEY, LA AMARAL, JJ COUPLAND, J KLEIN, MG TI THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF THE JAPANESE-BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) - IMPLICATIONS FOR USE OF A MICROBIAL CONTROL AGENT SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article AB The effects of meteorological parameters on flight activity of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, on Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal were studied using an Omnidata portable weather station and Japanese beetle traps baited with the floral attractant, phenethyl propionate and eugenol (3:7). In the absence of inclement weather, flight toward an attractant source occurred throughout the day with an activity peak between 1300 and 1500 h. Cloud cover that reduced solar radiation below 0.6 Langleys (Ly)/min and wind velocity above 20 km/h markedly reduced flight activity. Average climatic conditions during the time of maximum attraction to baited traps were temperature of 25.5-degrees-C, little or no cloud cover with light intensity of 1.1 Ly/min, relative humidity of 59.4%, and wind of 12.9 km/h. Changes in weather from optimal conditions for flight of the beetle to those that inhibit flight can be abrupt and occur often on Terceira. The influence of meteorological factors on beetle behavior indicates that applications of microbial and conventional insecticides would be most effective if made during climatic conditions that encourage aggregations of beetles on host plants and at other attractive locations. Because conventional insecticidal applications against adult beetles appear to be of limited value on Terceira, the use of entomopathogenic fungi for the microbial control of P. japonica may provide a viable alternative for suppressing this pest. Metarhizium anisopliae, especially in combination with attractive traps, appears to offer good potential for control of P. japonica. A 4- to 5-day delay in onset of mortality of adult beetles that were exposed to a lethal concentration of M. anisopliae spores allows sufficient time for dissemination of the fungus by beetles. The infected adults could then serve to create new foci of infection for larval P. japonica. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,JAPANESE BEETLE CONTROL PROJECT AZORES,P-9700 ANGRA DO HEROISMO,PORTUGAL. DIRECCAO REG DESENVOLVIMENTO AGR,P-9700 ANGRA DO HEROISMO,PORTUGAL. CSIRO,BIOL CONTROL UNIT,F-34982 MONTFERRIER LEZ,FRANCE. USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL UNIT,OARDC,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1994 VL 4 IS 3 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1006/bcon.1994.1038 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA PJ795 UT WOS:A1994PJ79500010 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, HD BARBER, JA LEIGHTON, JK HAMMOND, JM AF GUTHRIE, HD BARBER, JA LEIGHTON, JK HAMMOND, JM TI STEROIDOGENIC CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYME MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS AND FOLLICULAR-FLUID STEROIDS IN INDIVIDUAL FOLLICLES DURING PREOVULATORY MATURATION IN THE PIG SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID PORCINE GRANULOSA-CELLS; PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; CHAIN CLEAVAGE ENZYME; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; STIMULATING-HORMONE; INCREASES CONCENTRATIONS; INHIBIN IMMUNOACTIVITY; PRIMARY CULTURES; RNA ISOLATION AB Changes in follicular concentrations of steroidogenic cytochrome P450 enzyme mRNAs were determined during preovulatory maturation. RNA was isolated from 59 individual follicles dissected from 18 pigs during altrenogest-synchronized preovulatory follicular maturation: at Day 1 (pre-follicular phase), Day 3 (early follicular phase), Day 5 (mid-follicular phase), and Day 7 (late follicular phase, 24-36 h after the onset of the LH surge). Follicular fluid was aspirated for steroid RIA. RNA was also isolated from pooled granulosa cells, theca tissue, and luteal tissue. RNA was analyzed by Northern and slot-blot procedures using cDNA probes to human aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450(arom)), porcine l7 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450(17 alpha)), and porcine cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450(scc)). P450(arom) mRNA was expressed in both granulosa and theca interna cells but was not detectable in luteal tissue from Day 13 of the estrous cycle. Follicular P450(arom) mRNA concentration tended to increase between Days 1 and 5 and decreased (p less than or equal to 0.05) by 92% between Days 5 and 7. Follicular fluid estradiol-17 beta concentration increased 17-fold between Days 1 and 5 and then decreased (p less than or equal to 0.05) by 96% between Days 5 and 7. P450(17 alpha) mRNA was present in theca interna but was not detected in granulosa cells or luteal tissue. Follicular P450(17 alpha) mRNA concentrations did not differ significantly among days, but the content per follicle increased (P < 0.05) between Days 1 and 5 and decreased (p < 0.05) between Days 5 and 7. P450(scc) mRNA was detected in granulosa cells, theca interna, and luteal tissue; but its concentration was 4- to 5-fold greater in luteal than in follicular tissue. Follicular P450(scc) mRNA concentration increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) between Days 3 and 5 and decreased (P less than or equal to 0.05) by 69% between Days 5 and 7. Follicular fluid progesterone concentration increased (p less than or equal to 0.05) progressively between Days 1 and 7. P450(scc) mRNA concentration in newly formed luteal tissue recovered from one Day 7 pig was 8-fold greater than that in follicles recovered on Day 7. We conclude that changes in follicular estradiol-17 beta production could be explained, in part, by changes in the pattern of P450(arom) mRNA expression, which increased until Day 5 and then decreased after the preovulatory LH surge. In contrast, progesterone production increased throughout preovulatory maturation in spite of a transient decrease in P450(scc) mRNA concentration after the LH surge. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL,HERSHEY,PA 17033. RP GUTHRIE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.3.465 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PC920 UT WOS:A1994PC92000015 PM 7803617 ER PT J AU CAREY, EV BROWN, S GILLESPIE, AJR LUGO, AE AF CAREY, EV BROWN, S GILLESPIE, AJR LUGO, AE TI TREE MORTALITY IN MATURE LOWLAND TROPICAL MOIST AND TROPICAL LOWER MONTANE MOIST FORESTS OF VENEZUELA SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; FOREST DYNAMICS; MONTANE FORESTS; TREE MORTALITY; TROPICAL MOIST FOREST; VENEZUELA ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; COSTA-RICA; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; OREGON AB We examined patterns of mortality from long-term (up to 25 yr) forest inventory data collected from 17 0.25-ha plots representing mature tropical lowland moist forest and tropical lower montane moist forest life zones in Venezuela. Annual mortality rates varied greatly among plots and differed when mortality was calculated on a frequency basis (% stems dying annually) versus a biomass (% total aboveground biomass dying annually) basis. Mortality rates ranged from 0. 5 to 3.3 percent (stems) and 0. 1 to 3.9 percent (biomass). Annual mortality rate of stems versus mortality rate of biomass differed by as much as 20 percent within a plot; greater mortality rate of biomass on a yearly basis was attributable to the death of large trees. Annual percent mortality was independent of life zone, diameter class within life zone, and crown class. The majority of trees died standing (64%) followed by fallen (17%), snapped (I 1%), and other unknown causes (I 1%). Estimates of the mean half-life of all plots were 36.9 and 42.5 yr based on stems and biomass, respectively, in the tropical moist forest, and 39.3 and 36.3 yr, respectively, in the tropical lower montane moist forest. Large diameter classes had the longest half-lives. Similarity in stem and biomass based half-lives within a life zone suggests that although there is great variability at the individual plot scale, stems and biomass yield similar estimates of mortality at the larger life zone scale. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,URBANA,IL 61801. US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087. US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. NR 30 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.2307/2388846 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PK384 UT WOS:A1994PK38400004 ER PT J AU MURRAY, JD BETZ, CJ AF MURRAY, JD BETZ, CJ TI USER VIEWS OF ARTIFICIAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN US SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRIORITIES AB Artificial reefs are typically financed by and built for the public, but artificial reef managers often lack knowledge of how their programs are perceived by the public. To measure the public's assessment of artificial reef programs, a survey of 721 individuals representing four interest groups (sportfishermen, sportdivers, commercial fishermen and environmentalists) in three states (North Carolina, Florida and Texas) in the Southeast region was conducted in 1989. The objectives of the survey were to 1) identify knowledge and attitudes about artificial reefs by constituency groups in the Southeast region of the U.S., 2) determine the relative importance of artificial reef conflicts and assess strategies to minimize these and 3) develop recommendations and inform artificial reef managers about acceptable management strategies. Implications for management are presented including the need to have sportdivers share in reef building expenditures, the support for imposition of an artificial reef stamp, recommendations for improvement of informational programs, the acknowledgement of a lack of widespread support for FADs by the user community and the overwhelming acceptance of various management restrictions to preserve the resource and reduce conflict. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MURRAY, JD (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM,MARINE ADVISORY SERV,BOX 8605,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 970 EP 981 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB584 UT WOS:A1994QB58400057 ER PT J AU BASSETT, CE AF BASSETT, CE TI USE AND EVALUATION OF FISH HABITAT STRUCTURES IN LAKES OF THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES BY THE USDA FOREST-SERVICE SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A survey of Eastern Region national forests indicated that 4290 fish habitat structures were installed in lakes during 1978-1991. These structures were intended to meet at least one of the following objectives: 1) improve production of fish and forage organisms by increasing habitat diversity in structurally-barren lakes; 2) concentrate fish for harvest by anglers; and 3) provide spawning habitat for a particular species of fish. Increasing production was the primary objective in many small (<200 ha) natural lakes in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota where logging during the late 1800's and early 1900's depleted woody debris. Most of these lakes have clear water, sand substrate and few aquatic plants or prominent structural features. Brush piles, log cribs, stumps and whole trees were placed at depths of 1-6 m to restore woody debris. In large (>200 ha) natural lakes and manmade waters of all sizes, most structures were placed to concentrate fish for anglers. Structures installed for this purpose included grouped Christmas trees, wooden pallets, tire bundles, brush piles, log cribs, stumps and whole trees placed at depths of 1-10 m. Tires were not widely used, due to concerns about their unnatural appearance. Structures that improved spawning habitat for smallmouth bass and walleye were placed in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota lakes at depths of 0-3 m. Spawning structures for walleye consisted of screened gravel and cobble placed where there is frequent wave action. Smallmouth bass spawning habitat was provided by placing gravel-filled wooden boxes where substrate was unsuitable for spawning or by installing half-logs to provide nest cover over suitable spawning substrate. Spawning structures increased lake-wide populations of walleye and smallmouth bass. Most woody structures concentrated fish and improved angling but evaluations were not adequate to determine effects on production of fish and forage organisms. Woody structures in 3-6 m of water were used more by centrarchids and yellow perch of all sizes than those at other depths but juvenile centrarchids and spawning adult centrarchids also used trees in water as shallow as 1 m. Log cribs with brush fill held more fish than those with little or no fill and several log cribs placed close together held more fish than individual cribs. Fish use of log cribs declined as water temperature dropped below 10 degrees C. Future evaluations should determine effects of structures on lake-wide production of sport fish and their forage and determine how much structure of a particular type is needed to meet a desired objective. Improved design and documentation of evaluations, and wider sharing of results among biologists, will encourage more effective habitat structures. RP BASSETT, CE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,HIAWATHA FOREST,2727 N LINCOLN RD,ESCANABA,MI 49829, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 1137 EP 1148 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QB584 UT WOS:A1994QB58400071 ER PT J AU RAPPAPORT, NG WOOD, DL AF RAPPAPORT, NG WOOD, DL TI PITYOPHTHORUS ORARIUS BRIGHT (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) IN A NORTHERN CALIFORNIA DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARD - EFFECT OF CLONE, TREE VIGOR, AND CONE CROP ON RATE OF ATTACK SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEETLES AB The geographic range of the Douglas-fir twig beetle, Pityophthorus orarius Bright, was extended beyond the original provenance of southern British Columbia to northern California. A survey of 457 Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] trees in 1985 revealed that those with heavy cone crops were more likely to be infested by twig beetles than were those with a light crop. Furthermore, attack rates differed among clones. A second survey done in 1987 confirmed the importance of clone and cone crop in attack rate. In this survey, stressed trees were attacked at a higher rate than unstressed trees. Beetle distributions appeared clumped in both surveys, possibly because of semiochemicals or oviposition behavior. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP RAPPAPORT, NG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 126 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1118 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PT152 UT WOS:A1994PT15200002 ER PT J AU MACNEIL, MD NEWMAN, S ENNS, RM STEWARTSMITH, J AF MACNEIL, MD NEWMAN, S ENNS, RM STEWARTSMITH, J TI RELATIVE ECONOMIC VALUES FOR CANADIAN BEEF-PRODUCTION USING SPECIALIZED SIRE AND DAM LINES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; SELECTION PROGRAM; BREEDING OBJECTIVE ID GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; BREEDING OBJECTIVES; CATTLE AB A deterministic herd-level model was developed to simulate profit (income minus expense) from 100 beef cows in western Canada. The cow-herd was composed of three synthetic strains (M1, M2 and M4) mated in rotation and at equilibrium with respect to age and genotype. Two synthetic ''terminal sire'' strains (M3 and TX) were also simulated. Heifers were mated with M3 to minimize dystocia when calving at 2 yr of age. Cows greater than 5 yr of age were bred to TX. Baseline economic and biological data were obtained from Beefbooster breeders. Endpoints considered were weaned calves, backgrounded steer and heifer calves, finished steers and heifers, and carcass weight and grade. Variable costs included feed consumed by the cow-herd (76% of variable costs to weaning), non-feed items to weaning, and feed consumed by market progeny after weaning. Relative economic values (a(i)) were changes in profit ensuing from unit changes of the baseline strain specific biological characteristics. Elements of a were economic values for: cow weight, kg; male and female fertility, %; calf survival, %; direct and maternal effects on weaning weight, %; rates of gain on backgrounding and finishing rations, kg/d; feed conversion, dressing percent, % A grade and carcass cutability, %. For M1, M2 and M4 a was: [-0.11 0.87 1.31 0.90 0.06 0.06 1.90 16.27 -0.61 2.78 0.18 4.81]; for M3 a was: [0.00 0.38 0.00 0.28 0.03 0.00 0.95 4.74 -0.21 0.92 0.06 1.67]; and for TX a was: [0.00 1.90 0.00 0.89 0.06 0.00 1.32 16.07 -0.64 2.85 0.19 5.10] at the carcass endpoint. Direct and maternal weaning weight had greater a(i) at weaning than at later endpoints and a(i) for feed conversion increased in magnitude as time on feed increased. C1 MONTANA AGR EXPTL STN,MILES CITY,MT 59301. CATTLE LTD,CALGARY T2E 7C8,AB,CANADA. RP MACNEIL, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 74 IS 3 BP 411 EP 417 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PL401 UT WOS:A1994PL40100004 ER PT J AU MACNEIL, MD NEWMAN, S AF MACNEIL, MD NEWMAN, S TI SELECTION INDEXES FOR CANADIAN BEEF-PRODUCTION USING SPECIALIZED SIRE AND DAM LINES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; SELECTION PROGRAM; SELECTION INDEX ID BREEDING OBJECTIVES; CATTLE; INDEX AB Relative economic values and literature estimates of genetic and phenotypic variances and covariances were used to develop selection indices for specialized maternal and terminal strains of beef cattle. The envisioned commercial production setting used three maternal strains mated in rotation. Yearling heifers were mated to a terminal sire strain (M3) to minimize dystocia and neonatal mortality without closely monitored calving. Mature cows were bred to a second terminal strain (TX) to produce market progeny. Accuracies for all indices were low: 0.22, 0.22 and 0.19 for the maternal strains, M3 and TX, respectively. Predicted correlated responses to index selection were not economically favorable for all traits within strain but were offsetting between strains. At the production system level, genetic improvement in profitability resulted from all traits except feed conversion. Fertility and calf survival were improved in all strains. Direct genetic potential for growth was reduced in the maternal strains but was increased in TX and to a lesser degree in M3. There was a tradeoff between maternal and terminal strains in responses of carcass traits. Maternal strains increased in dressing percentage and decreased in cutability, while M3 and TX decreased in dressing percentage and increased in cutability. Arduously slow improvement in profitability is anticipated: $1.07 per breeding female per unit of selection response. RP MACNEIL, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOUGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,RT 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 74 IS 3 BP 419 EP 424 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PL401 UT WOS:A1994PL40100005 ER PT J AU MCROBERTS, RE HAHN, JT HEFTY, GJ VANCLEVE, JR AF MCROBERTS, RE HAHN, JT HEFTY, GJ VANCLEVE, JR TI VARIATION IN FOREST INVENTORY FIELD-MEASUREMENTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; PROJECTIONS; VARIANCE AB Field crews from the North Central Forest Experiment Station independently measured two forest inventory plots in Michigan's Upper Peninsula; one plot was measured by eight crews and the other was measured by nine different crews. For 61 trees, the variation in measurements of diameter at breast height (DBH), crown ratio, and site index is described. For DBH, the distribution of field crew mistakes and the distribution of measurements without mistakes are described separately. For crown ratio, the distribution of differences between individual estimates and the most frequently occurring estimate for corresponding trees is described. For site index, the distribution of differences between individual estimates and the mean of plot estimates is described. Coefficients of variation were less than 5% for DBH, approximately 73% for crown ratio, and 13% and 16% for site index for the two plots. The effects of variation in measurements on 20-year predictions of basal area and cumulative basal area growth were estimated for the two plots using STEMS, TWIGS, and Monte Carlo simulations. Coefficients of variation were 2% and 3% for basal area and 7% and 9% for cumulative basal area growth for the two plots. Variation in site index estimates had the greatest effect on variation in the output variables. RP MCROBERTS, RE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1766 EP 1770 DI 10.1139/x94-228 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QB750 UT WOS:A1994QB75000003 ER PT J AU TEMPLE, PJ MILLER, PR AF TEMPLE, PJ MILLER, PR TI FOLIAR OZONE INJURY AND RADIAL GROWTH OF PONDEROSA PINE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DRY ACIDIC DEPOSITION; DROUGHT; SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; WET AB Foliar injury symptoms and stem diameter growth were measured on well-watered and drought-stressed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings at the end of each of 3 years of exposure to three levels of ozone: charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air, and nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient ozone. Ozone-injury indices were constructed by adding percent chlorotic mottle and percent necrosis for each needle age-class. Percent necrosis was weighted from 1 to 5 times to construct different indices. Seedlings grown in nonfiltered air plus 1,5 times ambient ozone developed severe foliar injury after 2 years of exposure and were the only seedlings with significant reductions in radial growth after three seasons of exposure to a mean seasonal ozone concentration of 88 ppb. Foliage that had developed > 30% chlorotic mottle by September of the 2nd year had abscised by September of the following year. Reduction in radial growth was significantly correlated with amount of foliar injury in well-watered trees, and the best-fit regression equation occurred when percent necrosis was weighted by a factor of 4. Regressions between foliar-injury indices and radial growth in drought-stressed trees were not significant, nor were regressions between radial growth and foliar injury among well-watered trees with only 1 year of premature needle abscission. The low R(2) (0.30) between foliar injury and radial growth in well-watered trees and the lack of a significant regression in drought-stressed trees suggest that detection of reductions in stem diameter growth of ponderosa pine in the field in response to ozone injury could be difficult, except for severely injured trees with fewer than 2 years of foliar retention. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92506. RP TEMPLE, PJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1877 EP 1882 DI 10.1139/x94-242 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QB750 UT WOS:A1994QB75000017 ER PT J AU YOUNG, MK AF YOUNG, MK TI MOVEMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF STREAM-BORNE COARSE WOODY DEBRIS IN ADJACENT BURNED AND UNDISTURBED WATERSHEDS IN WYOMING SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; TREES AB Following fire, changes in streamflow and bank stability in burned watersheds can mobilize coarse woody debris. In 1990 and 1991, I measured characteristics of coarse woody debris and standing riparian trees and snags in Jones Creek, a watershed burned in 1988, and in Crow Creek, an unburned watershed. The mean diameter of riparian trees along Jones Creek was less than that of trees along Crow Creek, but the coarse woody debris in Jones Creek was greater in mean diameter. Tagged debris in Jones Creek was three times as likely to move, and moved over four times as far as such debris in Crow Creek. In Jones Creek, the probability of movement was higher for tagged pieces that were in contact with the stream surface. Larger pieces tended to be more stable in both streams. It appears that increased flows and decreased bank stability following fire increased the transport of coarse woody debris in the burned watershed. Overall, debris transport in Rocky Mountain streams may be of greater significance than previously recognized. RP YOUNG, MK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,222 S 22ND ST,LARAMIE,WY 82070, USA. NR 43 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1933 EP 1938 DI 10.1139/x94-248 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QB750 UT WOS:A1994QB75000023 ER PT J AU SMITH, JE MCKAY, D MOLINA, R AF SMITH, JE MCKAY, D MOLINA, R TI SURVIVAL OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL ISOLATES STORED IN STERILE WATER AT 2 TEMPERATURES AND RETRIEVED ON SOLID AND LIQUID NUTRIENT MEDIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CULTURE MAINTENANCE; FUNGAL STORAGE; LONG-TERM STORAGE; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL ISOLATES; WATER STORAGE ID COLD-STORAGE; CULTURES; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL AB Vegetatively colonized agar cores of 169 reputed mycorrhizal fungal isolates, representing 18 Ascomycotina, 141 Basidiomycotina, and 10 Deuteromycotina fungi, were stored at 4 and 18 degrees C in tubes of sterile deionized water. Viability, based on growth on solid and liquid nutrient media at 18 degrees C, was determined after a 20-month storage period. Ninety-five percent of the isolates were retrieved in at least one of three treatments: 89% in liquid nutrient media and 84% on solid media after storage at 18 degrees C, and 78%, on solid media after storage at 4 degrees C. Nearly all Ascomycotina and Deuteromycotina isolates were retrieved regardless of the storage temperature or form of retrieval medium. Basidiomycotina isolates differed mon in survival and percentage of viability than Ascomycotina or Deuteromycotina. For example, storage temperature influenced the viability of Laccaria isolates and the form of retrieval medium influenced the viability of Rhizopogon isolates. RP SMITH, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 40 IS 9 BP 736 EP 742 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA PJ611 UT WOS:A1994PJ61100007 ER PT J AU FERREY, ML KOSKINEN, WC BLANCHETTE, RA BURNES, TA AF FERREY, ML KOSKINEN, WC BLANCHETTE, RA BURNES, TA TI MINERALIZATION OF ALACHLOR BY LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGI SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ALACHLOR; MINERALIZATION; WHITE ROT FUNGI; PESTICIDE ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; HERBICIDE METOLACHLOR; DEGRADATION; SOIL; METABOLISM; PROPACHLOR; WATER AB White rot fungi were able to mineralize the aromatic ring carbon of alachlor to CO2. After 122 days, 14 and 12% of the alachlor that was initially present in malt extract cultures supplemented with a wood substrate was mineralized at room temperature by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Phlebia tremellosa, respectively. Although Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized alachlor at 25 degrees C, it did so more slowly than the other two white rot fungi. The brown rot fungus Fomitopsis pinicola did not mineralize alachlor. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 40 IS 9 BP 795 EP 798 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA PJ611 UT WOS:A1994PJ61100016 PM 7954113 ER PT J AU SIMANTON, JR RENARD, KG CHRISTIANSEN, CM LANE, LJ AF SIMANTON, JR RENARD, KG CHRISTIANSEN, CM LANE, LJ TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE ROCK FRAGMENTS ALONG CATENAS IN SEMIARID ARIZONA AND NEVADA, USA SO CATENA LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Improved techniques for estimating soil erosion by water have shown that soil surface cover is a major component in the estimate of soil loss. Erosion prediction models require the user to input slope gradient and soil profile descriptions. If equations expressing the relations between slope gradient, soil profile rock fragment content, and surface rock fragment cover were embedded in these models, then direct user input could be reduced. Field measurements of slope gradient, soil profile rock fragment content, surface rock fragment cover, and vegetation type and cover were made on 12 soil-slope complexes on catenas in southeastern Arizona, USA. Correlation analysis showed that both slope gradient and soil profile rock fragment content were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated to surface rock fragment cover. Additional analysis indicated that the combined effects of slope gradient and soil profile rock content were better defined by a soil-slope factor (SSF). Two equations were developed to estimate surface rock fragment cover; a logarithmic relation using slope gradient as the independent variable and a hyperbolic equation using the SSF as the independent variable. These equations were used to estimate surface rock fragment cover from a soil-slope complex in southern Nevada. The SSF-RFc equation gave better estimates of the measured surface rock fragment cover. These relations developed for catenas in southeastern Arizona may be site specific but they do show that a relation exists for this semiarid area and suggest that similar relations may exist in areas with similar geology and climate such as parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America. Development of simple relations describing important erosion processes will improve erosion estimates while simultaneously decreasing time and costs associated with using erosion prediction models. RP SIMANTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD SEP PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1016/0341-8162(94)90051-5 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PJ572 UT WOS:A1994PJ57200003 ER PT J AU BRAKENSIEK, DL RAWLS, WJ AF BRAKENSIEK, DL RAWLS, WJ TI SOIL CONTAINING ROCK FRAGMENTS - EFFECTS ON INFILTRATION SO CATENA LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; COVER AB Infiltration is a very complex process. Rock fragments affect infiltration by their presence in the soil matrix and on the soil surface. Procedures for quantifying soil and surface rock fragments are reviewed. Within the soil the physical properties and hydraulic properties that affect infiltration are shown to be influenced by rock fragments. Physical properties discussed are bulk density, porosity and water content. Hydraulic properties that affect infiltration are water retention, saturated conductivity and unsaturated conductivity. Rock fragments on the soil surface have been reported to both increase or decrease infiltration rates and amounts. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BRAKENSIEK, DL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 39 TC 72 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD SEP PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0341-8162(94)90056-6 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PJ572 UT WOS:A1994PJ57200008 ER PT J AU WERNER, WE WIKTOROWICZ, JE KASARDA, DD AF WERNER, WE WIKTOROWICZ, JE KASARDA, DD TI WHEAT VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS OF GLIADINS AND HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; STORAGE PROTEINS; SEPARATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GENETICS AB The two main polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods used for wheat varietal fingerprinting have been low pH analysis (acid-PAGE) of the alcohol-soluble proteins, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) of total gluten proteins denatured and extracted by the detergent SDS in the presence of reducing agents. Equivalent separations have now been achieved in the capillary electrophoresis format. The acid-PAGE separation was accomplished by free-solution capillary electrophoresis with a charge-reversed capillary. A separation analogous to SDS-PAGE for the analysis of reduced and denatured gluten was accomplished in the capillary format by including a soluble polyacrylamide sieving matrix in the buffer. This replaceable sieving matrix permitted analysis of multiple samples without cross-contamination between samples. The further addition of a small amount of organic solvent to the sieving matrix allowed for excellent resolution of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits that correlate with breadmaking quality. These techniques also possessed the inherent advantages of capillary electrophoresis: low mass requirements, fast separations, and quantitative analysis through on-capillary UV-detection. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. PERKIN ELMER,DIV APPL BIOSYST,FOSTER CITY,CA. NR 29 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 397 EP 402 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PJ550 UT WOS:A1994PJ55000001 ER PT J AU PARK, H SEIB, PA CHUNG, OK AF PARK, H SEIB, PA CHUNG, OK TI STABILITIES OF SEVERAL FORMS OF VITAMIN-C DURING MAKING AND STORING OF PUP-LOAVES OF WHITE PAN BREAD SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC-ACID; DOUGH AB Pup-loaves of white pan bread were fortified with three commercial forms of fat-coated L-ascorbic acid (AsA) and with uncoated AsA at a level equivalent to 64 mg of sample per 100 g of flour (14% mb). Sample I contained large crystals of AsA coated with 30% fat (mp 58-71-degrees-C) and resisted leaching in 6% metaphosphoric acid at 25-degrees-C. Sample 3 contained mostly small crystals coated with 10% fat (mp 46-69-degrees-C) and lost 70% of its AsA during leaching. Proofed bread dough mixed with Sample 1 retained 80% of fat-coated AsA, whereas proofed bread dough mixed with Sample 3 retained only 7% of fat-coated AsA. Bread (up to three days old) fortified with Sample 1 showed approximately 20% higher retention of vitamin C than did bread fortified with Sample 3 or with uncoated AsA. Bread fortified with Sample 2 showed intermediate retention of vitamin C. Bread also was fortified with 64-mg equivalents of AsA per 100 g of flour in the forms of L-ascorbate 2-polyphosphate (AsPP) and L-ascorbate 2-monophosphate (AsMP). After mixing, fermenting, and proofing the dough, approximately 85% of AsPP and AsMP were hydrolyzed to AsA. 2-Phosphorylated AsA remaining in proofed dough largely survived the baking step, whereas the free AsA underwent approximately one-third destruction. After three days of storage, pup-loaves fortified with AsMP or AsPP retained 10-15% higher vitamin C than did those fortified with AsA. C1 USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS. RP PARK, H (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PJ550 UT WOS:A1994PJ55000004 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, MR WHITE, PJ POLLAK, LM AF CAMPBELL, MR WHITE, PJ POLLAK, LM TI DOSAGE EFFECT AT THE SURGERY-2 LOCUS ON MAIZE STARCH STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; NORMAL COUNTERPART; SINGLE-MUTANTS; GEL PROPERTIES; WHEAT-STARCH; GELATINIZATION; BEHAVIOR; PASTE; CORN AB Structural characteristics and functional properties of starches isolated from kernels of a surgary-2 (su2) dosage series were examined to determine whether the normal allele (Su2) was completely dominant to the recessive allele (su2). Differential scanning calorimetry revealed intermediate values for gelatinization onset, gelatinization peak, range, total enthalpy, and retrogradation among genotypes possessing one and two mutant su2 alleles. No effect of gene dosage on amylose content was observed, but X-ray diffraction patterns revealed an intermediate degree of crystallinity relative to normal and mutant genotypes upon addition of two su2 alleles. Development of a peak at 19-degrees2theta became more evident upon increasing doses of the su2 allele. Viscosity of the starch paste and gel strength resulting from the genotype possessing two doses of the su2 allele exceeded that of both mutant and normal genotypes. An intermediate retrogradation as detected by differential scanning calorimetry and from gel strengths of starches after storage for seven days suggested an increased stability of the Su2su2su2 starch relative to that of normal starch. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,2312 FOOD SCI,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 464 EP 468 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PJ550 UT WOS:A1994PJ55000014 ER PT J AU KNUTSON, CA GROVE, MJ AF KNUTSON, CA GROVE, MJ TI RAPID METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF AMYLOSE IN MAIZE STARCHES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A rapid solubilization procedure for maize starch, using low-temperature gelatinization in 3 M CaCl2 in combination with 15-30 min of sonication in an iodine-dimethyl sulfoxide solution at a temperature of 65-70-degrees-C makes it possible to estimate amylose content of maize samples in less than 1 hr. Results obtained by this technique are equivalent to those obtained by conventional thermal dissolution of starch in iodine-dimethyl sulfoxide, which requires overnight heating to obtain complete solubilization. RP KNUTSON, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 6 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 469 EP 471 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PJ550 UT WOS:A1994PJ55000015 ER PT J AU CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ AF CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ TI INHIBITION OF LIPASE ACTIVITY AND OXIDATION IN BROWN RICE PRODUCTS BY EXTRACTION WITH ETHANOL CONTAINING CHELATORS ACIDULANTS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRAN LIPASE AB Liquid ethanol (EtOH) extraction of brown rice stabilized the kernels and flours prepared from them against lipolytic hydrolysis. The inclusion of a chelator/acidulant (citric acid, phosphoric acid, phytic acid, hydrochloric acid) in the extraction solvent yielded products with lower residual lipase activities. The mechanism of action for the inhibition of lipase activity by these chelators/acidulants was attributed to lipase retaining in the kernels and their flours the ionization states and the corresponding activity that were acquired during the acidic EtOH extraction. Citric acid (reported in Champagne and Hron 1993) and phosphoric acid also inhibited oxidation in extracted kernels and their flours. RP CHAMPAGNE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PJ550 UT WOS:A1994PJ55000018 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, FR AF HUEBNER, FR TI SUITABILITY OF LITHIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS FOR WHEAT GLIADIN EXTRACTION SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEINS; SEPARATION AB Previous research suggested that solutions containing lithium chloride (LiCl) can extract gliadins more efficiently than can the traditional solvent, 70% ethanol. Those studies used sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis to compare extracted fractions. In this study, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to further analyze and quantify such fractions. Results indicate that LiCl primarily extracts albumins, globulins, and omega-gliadins, while most alpha-, beta-, and gamma-gliadins, normally extracted with ethanol, are not solubilized. RP HUEBNER, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 513 EP 514 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PJ550 UT WOS:A1994PJ55000024 ER PT J AU VILLET, RH AF VILLET, RH TI INCREASING THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL FEEDSTOCKS SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article RP VILLET, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,OFF TECHNOL TRANSFER,BARC W,BLDG 005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 9 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA PH212 UT WOS:A1994PH21200011 ER PT J AU SUMPTER, CW ASHER, GW AF SUMPTER, CW ASHER, GW TI GPS GOES REAL-TIME SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP SUMPTER, CW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV MED BOW NATL FOREST,LARAMIE,WY, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 64 IS 9 BP 64 EP 66 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA PD750 UT WOS:A1994PD75000018 ER PT J AU TABATABAI, LB HENNAGER, SG AF TABATABAI, LB HENNAGER, SG TI CATTLE SEROLOGICALLY POSITIVE FOR BRUCELLA-ABORTUS HAVE ANTIBODIES TO B-ABORTUS CU-ZN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NOCARDIA-ASTEROIDES; DIFFERENTIATION; STRAIN-19; VIRULENT AB In this study, we demonstrated by a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay that cattle that are serologically positive for Brucella abortus have serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. The specificity of the antibody reactivity was confirmed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with B. abortus salt-extractable proteins containing native Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and with recombinant B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. The results represent a first step in the direction of the development of a multiprotein diagnostic reagent for bovine brucellosis. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP TABATABAI, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 1 IS 5 BP 506 EP 510 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT566 UT WOS:A1994PT56600004 PM 8556493 ER PT J AU SCHRODER, RFW PUTTLER, B IZHEVSKY, SS GANDOLFO, D AF SCHRODER, RFW PUTTLER, B IZHEVSKY, SS GANDOLFO, D TI VIVIPARITY AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF PLATYPHORA-QUADRISIGNATA (GERMAR) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN BRAZIL SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Viviparity is reported for the first time in Platyphora quadrisignata (Germar). Four larval instars were observed during laboratory rearing. Optimal larval development occurs at 25 degrees C and pupal development ceases at 30 degrees C. The minimal temperatures at which larval and pupal development ceased is 8 degrees C and 8.7 degrees C, respectively. Viviparity is also noted for the first time in P. sp., prob. fasciatomaculata Stal. RP SCHRODER, RFW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PF813 UT WOS:A1994PF81300007 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E MCCLURE, D BANKS, MA PETERS, RC AF BERLIN, E MCCLURE, D BANKS, MA PETERS, RC TI HEART AND LIVER FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION AND VITAMIN-E CONTENT IN MINIATURE SWINE FED DIETS CONTAINING CORN AND MENHADEN OILS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION; VITAMIN-E; MINIATURE SWINE; CORN OIL; MENHADEN OIL; PUFA ID FISH OIL; MEMBRANE FLUIDITY; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION; ADULT MEN; N-3; LIPIDS; SUPPLEMENTATION; INGESTION; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Female miniature swine, 4-11 yr. were fed 15% fat diets containing n-3 and/or n-6 polyunsaturated fat for 6 months, at 1.95 g fat/kg body weight. Liver lipids from menhaden oil-fed minipigs were elevated in the n-3 fatty acids: 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6, but heart lipids only in 20:5 and 22:5. Liver cell plasma membrane was elevated in 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 and lowered in the n-6 acids 18:2 and 20:4 in menhaden oil-fed animals, to a greater extent than in the total tissue lipids. Liver alpha-tocopherol tended to decrease upon feeding menhaden oil, but heart alpha-tocopherol concentrations were not affected. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV TOXICOL STUDIES,BELTSVILLE RES FACIL,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP BERLIN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,RM 109,BARC-E,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90311-5 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA NZ742 UT WOS:A1994NZ74200005 PM 8076453 ER PT J AU PROUDMAN, JA MCGUINNESS, MC KRISHNAN, KA COGBURN, LA AF PROUDMAN, JA MCGUINNESS, MC KRISHNAN, KA COGBURN, LA TI ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESPONSES OF INTACT AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED TURKEY POULTS GIVEN A DAILY INJECTION OF CHICKEN GROWTH-HORMONE SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TURKEY; GROWTH HORMONE; HYPOPHYSECTOMY; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; THYROXINE; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I; NONESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS; LIVER 5'-MONODEISODINASE ID GROWING DOMESTIC-FOWL; BROILER-CHICKENS; YOUNG CHICKENS; SOMATOMEDIN-C; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; INSULIN; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; STIMULATION; COCKERELS; GH AB Female turkey poults were hypophysectomized at 4-5 weeks of age, Beginning at 6 weeks of age, 20 hypophysectomized and 20 intact birds received a daily intramuscular injection of natural chicken growth hormone (cGH, 100 mu g/kg body weight) or vehicle for 12 days, Blood samples were taken from each bird just before injection and 4 hr post-injection at 6 and 12 days of treatment, Hypophysectomy reduced the growth rate of turkey poults to 75% of that of intact controls, significantly reduced carcass protein and ash percentages, and significantly lowered plasma concentrations of GH, insulin-like growth factor-I, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids, Hypophysectomy was without effect on liver GH receptor binding activity, but increased liver 5'-monodeiodinase activity, Daily cGH injection had no effect on the average daily gain of either hypophysectomized or intact poults when compared to vehicle-injected controls over 12 days of treatment, Daily cGH administration increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-I levels in intact and hypophysectomized turkeys, and increased plasma triiodothyronine, insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations in hypophysectomized birds, but not in intact birds, Responses of young turkeys to hypophysectomy and GH replacement were consistent with the known metabolic role of GH in other species, but the influence of GH on growth appears to be of less importance in poultry than in mammals. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,COLL AGR SCI,DELAWARE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR,NEWARK,DE 19717. RP PROUDMAN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 262,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/1367-8280(94)00041-7 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA QH876 UT WOS:A1994QH87600006 PM 7881809 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, JL TUPPER, D THOMAS, WK AF NIELSEN, JL TUPPER, D THOMAS, WK TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA POLYMORPHISM IN UNIQUE RUNS OF CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA) FROM THE SACRAMENTO-SAN-JOAQUIN RIVER BASIN SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP NIELSEN, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 8 IS 3 BP 882 EP 884 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030863-11.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF730 UT WOS:A1994PF73000044 ER PT J AU PINSON, SRM AF PINSON, SRM TI INHERITANCE OF AROMA IN 6 RICE CULTIVARS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA; SCENT; 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE; POPCORN AB 'Jasmine 85', a soft-cooking aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was released in the USA with the objective of displacing imported Thai Jasmine rice in local markets. However, the reduced aroma and off-white color of its milled rice limit its marketability. The present objective was to determine the number of genes controlling aroma in four rice lines (Jasmine 85, 'Amber', a dwarf mutant from 'Basmati 370' (PI 457917), and 'Dragon Eyeball 100'), and to evaluate the allelism of aroma in these four lines and with the single recessive gene known to be in both 'A-301' and Della-X(2). Lack of leaf aroma in aromatic/non-aromatic F-1 hybrids indicated the recessive nature of the aroma in all studied rices. F-2 Segregation ratios revealed that Jasmine 85 and PI 457917 each contain a single gene for aroma, and the aromatic nature of the F-1 leaves from crosses with each other and with A-301 and Della-X(2) revealed that the aroma genes in all four cultivars are allelic. Amber and Dragon Eyeball 100 each contain two aroma genes, a novel gene plus one allelic to the gene in A-301, Della-X(2), Jasmine 85, and PI 457917. Incorporation of a novel aroma gene into Jasmine 85 could potentially increase its marketability. No linkage was detected between the two aroma genes in Dragon Eyeball 100 and five morphological characters. High levels of sterility observed in Amber F-2 populations may hinder the use of its novel aroma gene. RP PINSON, SRM (reprint author), US ARS,TEXAS A&M RES & EXTENS CTR,ROUTE 7,BOX 999,BEAUMONT,TX 77713, USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1151 EP 1157 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600002 ER PT J AU PEMBERTON, IJ SMITH, GR MCLAUGHLIN, MR AF PEMBERTON, IJ SMITH, GR MCLAUGHLIN, MR TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR TOLERANCE TO BEAN YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS IN ARROWLEAF CLOVER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PISUM AB Arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) is an important forage crop in the southeastern USA, but production and persistence of arrowleaf can be limited by virus diseases. We conducted five cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection from 1986 through 1991 for tolerance to bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) isolate KY 204-1 in arrowleaf clover. Six-week-old seedlings were mechanically inoculated with BYMV and evaluated at 100 d of age. From 300 to 1100 plants were screened per cycle, and the most tolerant 1 to 4% were hand-crossed and their progeny advanced to the next cycle. Seedling dry weights and virus disease ratings were used to estimate the level of virus tolerance of each plant. Rating methods were modified during evaluation of Cycle 5; growth parameters and chlorophyll levels were used as selection criteria. Results were compared with those from the susceptible cultivars, Yuchi, Meechee, and Amclo. Field evaluations compared survival of inoculated Cycle 3A germplasm (1991), and survival, yield, and flowering of Cycles 3A and 5 germplasm (1992), with those of the three susceptible cultivars and non-inoculated controls. Five cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection in arrowleaf clover resulted in a population possessing tolerance to BYMV. A lethal wilt gene was eliminated from the population, and field survival and dry matter production under disease pressure greatly improved. Tolerant plants maintained normal chlorophyll levels and near normal flowering rates when infected with BYMV, thus ensuring successful seed production. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,OVERTON,TX 75684. USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1163 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600003 ER PT J AU LAMBRIDES, CJ MILLER, JF AF LAMBRIDES, CJ MILLER, JF TI INHERITANCE OF RUST RESISTANCE IN A SOURCE OF MC29 SUNFLOWER GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-HELIANTHI AB Sunflower rust, Incited by Puccinia helianthi Schw., is a significant disease problem in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production areas of North America, Argentina, and Australia and has been identified on sunflower grown in all regions of the world. Five races of rust presently have been identified in the USA. Recently, a new rust isolate gave a previously unreported virulence reaction pattern and was designated North American Race 6. A genetic study was conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance to Race 6 found in MC29 (AUS), a germplasm line introduced from Australia. F-1, F-2, and testcross progeny were produced from two crosses following hand pollinations: HA89/MC29 (AUS) and MC29 (AUS)/MC69. A multiple race inoculation technique was utilized under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the resistance or susceptibility of each plant to North American Races 1, 3, and 6. Chi-square tests for goodness of fit and heterogeneity were utilized to test each Fz and testcross family. A single, dominant gene in MC29 (AUS) was found to confer resistance to North American Races 1, 3, and 6. The gene was independent and nonallelic to the genes R(1) and R(2), and was designated R(10). Identification of resistance to Race 6 has increased the genetic diversity of resistance to sunflower rust in North America. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. CSIRO,CUNNINGHAM LAB,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. RI Lambrides, Christopher/C-9270-2013 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1230 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600015 ER PT J AU JENKINS, JN MCCARTY, JC AF JENKINS, JN MCCARTY, JC TI COMPARISON OF 4 COTTON GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE TO HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Heliothis spp. are major pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in many cotton-producing countries of the world. Two strains of cotton putatively resistant to Heliothis virescens Fab., tobacco budworm, and two adapted cultivars, Deltapine 50 and DES 119, were grown in plots infested with tobacco budworm and in plots free of tobacco budworm (paired plots) for 2 yr. The difference in lint yield between each genotype grown in tobacco budworm-infested plots and in tobacco budworm-free plots was used as the measure of resistance. LA 850082 mas significantly more resistant each year than the other three. ST 69132 was significantly more resistant each year than DES 119 and more resistant than DPL 50 1 yr. Our results confirm the Heliothis resistance of strains LA 850082 and ST 69132. LA 850082 should be a good source of resistant germplasm to use in developing cultivars that resist infestations of tobacco budworm. In terms of agronomic characteristics, LA 850082 was significantly higher in yield than the two cultivars; however, it is known to have shorter and weaker fiber. Combining the delta-endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis with the resistance of LA 850082 is suggested as a strategy for development of cultivars with multiple mechanisms for resistance to Heliothis spp. RP JENKINS, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1233 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600016 ER PT J AU COSTA, JM KRONSTAD, WE AF COSTA, JM KRONSTAD, WE TI ASSOCIATION OF GRAIN PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION AND SELECTED TRAITS IN HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT POPULATIONS IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; GENETIC-VARIATION; SPRING WHEAT; NITROGEN ASSIMILATION; YIELD; TRANSLOCATION; PRODUCTIVITY; IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVARS; QUALITY AB Grain yield and grain protein concentration are often negatively associated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). When grain yield increases and grain protein concentration decreases, the milling and baking quality of bread flour can be affected. In the Pacific Northwest region of the USA, grain yield of wheat is usually high and grain protein concentration is low. Parents, F-4 and F-5 generations of two crosses were solid-planted in two environmentally diverse but high-yielding sites in Oregon to study the association of grain protein concentration with grain yield and biological yield, harvest index and related traits in the Pacific Northwest's environment, and to suggest a selection criterion to increase grain yield while maintaining or increasing grain protein concentration. Correlation coefficients showed moderate negative associations between grain protein concentration and grain yield, and also between grain protein concentration and harvest index. Genetic correlations were larger than phenotypic correlations, while environmental correlations were low, suggesting the presence of negative genetic relationships between grain protein concentration with grain yield and with harvest index. Grain yield and harvest index were the most important traits affecting grain protein concentration as estimated by path coefficients analyses. We suggest that selection for high grain yield, while maintaining or increasing grain protein concentration, should not be based on further increases of harvest index, but rather on increasing biological yield. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1234 EP 1239 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600017 ER PT J AU WILCOX, JR BURTON, JW REBETZKE, GJ WILSON, RF AF WILCOX, JR BURTON, JW REBETZKE, GJ WILSON, RF TI TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION FOR PALMITIC ACID IN SEED OIL OF SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INHERITANCE AB Palmitic acid is the major saturated fatty acid in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil. Reducing levels of palmitic acid should enhance the nutritive value of soybean oil for human consumption. The low palmitic acid strain C1726 (81 g kg(-1) 16:0), carrying the fap1 allele, was crossed with two strains developed independently of C1726, N79-2077-12 and N90-2013, both with about 60 g kg(-1) 16:0. Progenies from these crosses were evaluated to determine genetic relationships controlling palmitic acid in these two groups of strains. Palmitic acid concentrations in the oil of F-2 seeds, F-3 seeds on F-2 plants, and seeds from F-3 families were determined by gas chromatography. Transgressive segregates averaging 44 and 96 g kg(-1) 16:0 were identified in the segregating populations. Both F-2 plants and F-3 families were identified that were either homozygous or heterozygous for loci controlling palmitic acid. Chi-square analyses for a 1 homozygous P1 type/1 homozygous P2 type/1 homozygous recombinant type (high 16: 0)/1 homozygous recombinant type (low 16:0)/12 plants or families heterozygous at either locus demonstrated that two loci controlling levels of 16:0 were segregating in these populations. A correlation coefficient of 0.97 calculated between palmitic acid values of homozgous F-2 plants and their F-3 family means demonstrated that the homozygous classes were true breeding for palmitic acid. The locus in C1726 was fap1; the other locus, in N79-2077-12 and N90-2013, has not been designated. These populations provide additional sources of low palmitic acid to enhance the nutritional value of soybean oil. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WILCOX, JR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. RI Rebetzke, Greg/F-6078-2010 NR 7 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1250 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600020 ER PT J AU DEWALD, CL KINDIGER, B AF DEWALD, CL KINDIGER, B TI GENETIC TRANSFER OF GYNOMONOECY FROM DIPLOID TO TRIPLOID EASTERN GAMAGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; APOMIXIS; HYBRIDS AB Seed yields of eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (Andropogoneae), are limited by a scarcity of fertile female florets and excessive maleness in its monoecious inflorescence. Gynomonoecious variants, with sex reversal in formerly male spikelets and reactivation of suppressed female florets, are known that have a greater seed production potential than monoecious forms. Sexual reproduction is exclusively observed in diploid eastern gamagrass, whereas facultative apomictic reproduction is the rule in polyploid forms. This study was designed to combine recessive genes for gynomonoecy from diploids with genes for apomixis from polyploids to develop true breeding (apomictic), prolific seed producing (gynomonoecious) lines. Diploid parents with allele(s) for gynomonoecy were used in each of three generations of interploidy matings to transfer gynomonoecy from diploid to triploid eastern gamagrass. A first generation fertile triploid hybrid and a second generation B-m derived tetraploid hybrid were used as intermediates for genetic transfer. Ninety triploid progeny from the third generation of cytotype intermatings yielded three gynomonoecious individuals, one with relatively good female fertility and two that failed to set seed. The low percentage (3.3%) of triploid progeny that inherited the gynomonoecious trait indicates a strong selection force against gynomonoecy at the triploid level. The breeding strategy employed is considered a practical method to move genes from diploid to higher ploidy levels for subsequent stabilization by apomixis. RP DEWALD, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1262 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600022 ER PT J AU SKINNER, RH NELSON, CJ AF SKINNER, RH NELSON, CJ TI EFFECT OF TILLER TRIMMING ON PHYLLOCHRON AND TILLERING REGULATION DURING TALL FESCUE DEVELOPMENT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRIMORDIUM INITIATION; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; WHEAT; PLANT; FIELD AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seedlings grown in controlled-environment chambers experience a rapid decrease in the rate of leaf and tiller appearance about 30 to 35 d after planting (DAP). A tiller-trimming experiment was conducted to determine the cause of this decrease and to examine the interrelationship between leaf and tiller appearance and growth. Each primary tiller from three tall fescue populations differing in tillering capacity was trimmed 5 d following its appearance, then regrowth was removed twice weekly. Trimming tillers increased the number of tillers per plant by 29 to 134%. Plants with trimmed tillers had higher leaf appearance and elongation rates than controls after 30 to 37 DAP. Higher leaf appearance rates increased the potential number of tillers per plant by 185 to 273%. Tiller trimming did not affect the proportion of potential sites which produced tillers (site usage) in two of the three populations, but reduced site usage from 0.66 to 0.58 in the population with the highest tillering capacity. Increased tiller production was primarily due to increased production of potential tiller sites. Leaf appearance rate depended on duration of leaf tip elongation within the whorl, and on the timing of leaf initiation. Increasing the duration of leaf elongation increased the interval between initiation of successive leaves and decreased leaf appearance rate. The main stem was apparently able to support initiation of all tillers on the plant while maintaining high leaf elongation rates, suggesting that competition with main stem leaves was not limiting tiller appearance. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SKINNER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1267 EP 1273 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600024 ER PT J AU LINGLE, SE IRVINE, JE AF LINGLE, SE IRVINE, JE TI SUCROSE SYNTHASE AND NATURAL RIPENING IN SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM; INVERTASES; GROWTH; WATER AB Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) cultivars vary in the timing and extent of natural ripening, an increase in the sucrose concentration of stalk juice that increases sucrose recovery in the sugar industry. The present study was conducted to determine (i) what changes in sugar accumulation occur in individual internodes during ripening, and (ii) if changes in sucrose synthase (SS) activity accompany natural ripening in sugarcane. Sugar concentrations and SS activities were determined in elongating and sucrose-storing internodes of two sugarcane cultivars sampled at monthly intervals during the 1989-1990 and 1990-1991 harvest seasons in South Texas. Ripening was indicated by a decrease in elongation rate, increase in total sugar concentration, and increase in sucrose percent of total sugar over successive sampling dates. These changes occurred earlier and to a greater extent in 'CP 70-321', an early ripening cultivar, than in 'LCP 81-10', which ripens later in the season. The specific activity of SS did not change significantly during this same period. In this study, changes in SS activity did not appear to be related to ripening. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR EXPT STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP LINGLE, SE (reprint author), US ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1283 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600026 ER PT J AU HEITHOLT, JJ AF HEITHOLT, JJ TI CANOPY CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH DEFICIENT AND EXCESSIVE COTTON PLANT-POPULATION DENSITIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINT YIELD; LEAF; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes exhibit variation in leaf types and leaf area index (LAI). The objective of this research was to characterize canopy development and yield of two cotton leaf types grown in varying plant population densities. Field experiments were conducted in 1991, 1992, and 1993 with both the okra-leaf (low LAI) and normal-leaf (high LAI) isolines of 'DES 24-8ne' cotton with selected plant population densities (5, 10, and 15 plants m(-2)). Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception (1991-1992) and LAI (1991-1993) were determined periodically and final tint yield was determined at maturity. Averaged across years, yields of okra-leaf in narrow rows were 6 to 7% greater at 10 and 15 plants m(-2) than at 5 plants m(-2) In 1991 and 1992, early-season PPFD interception of okra-leaf at 10 and 15 plants m(-2) was greater than at 5 plants m(-2). In 1992 and 1993, okra-leaf at 10 and 15 plants m(-2) attained an LAI of 4.0 to 4.5 whereas the 5 plants m(-2) density failed to reach 4.0. Therefore, both PPFD interception and LAI limited yield of okra-leaf at 5 plants m(-2). In contrast to okra-leaf, lint yields of normal-leaf were 4 to 8% greater at 5 plants m(-2) than at 10 and 15 plants m(-2). In 1991 and 1992, the lower yields of normal-leaf at 10 and 15 plants m(-2) were apparently associated with late-season LAI values of 5.0 or greater, whereas the 5 plants m(-2) density developed late-season LAI values ranging from 4.0 to 4.8. These findings indicate that (i) optimal plant density was higher for okra-leaf than for normal-leaf and (ii) a maximum LAI between 4.0 and 5.0 was required to maximize cotton lint yields in this environment. RP HEITHOLT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1297 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600028 ER PT J AU OCUMPAUGH, WR SWAKON, DHD TISCHLER, CR VALLE, LS AF OCUMPAUGH, WR SWAKON, DHD TISCHLER, CR VALLE, LS TI OIL TREATMENT AND DIGESTION DEPRESSES GERMINATION OF GRASS SEED SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; RECOVERY; SHEEP AB Numerous grasses, including Panicum spp., produce seed that survive passage through the digestive system of livestock and germinate in the feces. Managing livestock to distribute viable seed of desirable plants is a means of revegetating degraded grasslands. Potential germination of grass seeds declines with increased resident time in the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of seed germinability with increased resident time may be caused by indirect effects of secondary metabolites of digestion on the embryo. The cause of the loss of seed germinability is not known, nor is the identity of the secondary metabolites. We hypothesized that coating seed with oil would reduce damage caused by these secondary metabolites. Our objective was to elucidate the effect of oil treatments on germination of Panicum ssp. seed following in vitro and in vivo digestion. TEM-LD1 kleingrass (P. coloratum L.) and 'Alamo' and 'Sunburst' switchgrass (P. virgatum L.) seeds were evaluated in a series of trials with and without pretreatment with oil. Corn (Zea mays L.) and mineral oil without subsequent digestion had a small negative effect on germination. Duration of seed exposure to oil or oil type had no effect on seed germination. However, oh pretreatments significantly reduced germination of digested seed of both species in all trials. Mineral oil reduced germination more than corn oil, and increased exposure time to oil prior to digestion further depressed (up to fourfold) seed germination. Apparently, oil treatment solubilized the protective layer of the seed coat, thereby enhancing the digestion effect on the seed embryo. These differential responses may help elucidate the nature of the protective mechanism of the seed against digestion effects. We conclude that oil treatment cannot be used to protect these seeds from digestion effects. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,KINGSVILLE,TX 78363. USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. EMBRAPA,CAMPO GRANDE,MS,BRAZIL. RP OCUMPAUGH, WR (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR RES STN,HCR 2,BOX 43-C,BEEVILLE,TX 78102, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1319 EP 1323 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600033 ER PT J AU STEINER, JJ SNELLING, JP AF STEINER, JJ SNELLING, JP TI KURA CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION WHEN INTERCROPPED WITH WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-AMBIGUUM; FORAGE; CROPS AB Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a slow-establishing rhizomatous perennial that has fewer seed yields the year after establishment than in subsequent years of production. For new forage crops such as kura clover to be utilized, adequate seed supplies must be available. The objective of this research was to determine whether 'Rhizo' kura clover grown for seed can be established with intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to increase seed grower net income. Kura clover was planted in spring 1989 and 1990. The clover was grown alone (sole-cropped) and intercropped with companion-planted wheat in 15- and 30-cm rows and with relay-planted wheat in 20- and 40-cm rows. The clover was established with sprinkler irrigation. Sole-crop kura clover establishment was superior to clover intercropped with wheat. When clover was grown with intercropped wheat, establishment was superior with wide-spaced compared to narrow-spaced wheat. The delay in clover establishment from spring-planted clover relay-intercropped with fall-planted wheat was similar to spring-planted clover companion-intercropped with wheat. Kura clover was more tolerant of relay- than companion-intercropping because clover seedlings were allowed to establish before the onset of wheat crop competition. Spring-planted kura clover relay-intercropped with fall-planted wheat in 40-cm rows had the greatest economic return of all treatments. Depending on seed price, all kura clover production systems could be made profitable. However, none of the profitable clover production systems had net income returns equal to wheat grown alone. C1 ROGERS NK SEED CO,TWIN FALLS,ID 83303. RP STEINER, JJ (reprint author), US ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1330 EP 1335 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600035 ER PT J AU SHATTERS, RG WHEELER, RA WEST, SH AF SHATTERS, RG WHEELER, RA WEST, SH TI SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANT-REGENERATION FROM CALLUS-CULTURES OF TIFTON-9 BAHIAGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC MANIPULATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; IMMATURE EMBRYOS; CELL-CULTURES; TISSUE AB Identifying appropriate tissue culture and plant regeneration systems for agronomically important cultivars is often an important step in developing gene introduction techniques. Culture conditions for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of 'Tifton 9' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge L.) from leaf-stem cross sections are described. Cultures were initiated and maintained in the dark on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing 3% sucrose and 6.6 mg L(-1) dicamba. Plant regeneration was initiated by transfer of callus tissue to medium lacking dicamba and incubating in continuous light. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated somatic embryogenesis as the process leading to plantlet formation. More than 96% of 4-mm-diam. callus segments produced plants, many with multiple germinating embryos. Approximately 300 plantlets were produced per gram of calli. Plants could be grown to maturity by transferring to greenhouse flats 3 wk after placing on regeneration medium. Nonspecific subculturing of primary calli resulted in a decline in regenerability and an increase in the number of albino regenerated plants after 4 to 5 mo from the initiation of callus growth on the explants. However, subculturing of specific callus cells identified as embryogenic extended the efficiency of regeneration and reduced the frequency of albino regenerates. Efficiency of regenerating green plants remained essentially unchanged for 10 mo. We have therefore identified a tissue culture and plant regeneration system suitable for use in genetic engineering. RP SHATTERS, RG (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AGRON SEED LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1378 EP 1384 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600043 ER PT J AU SKINNER, DZ FRITZ, JO KLOCKE, LL AF SKINNER, DZ FRITZ, JO KLOCKE, LL TI PROTEIN DEGRADABILITY IN A DIVERSE ARRAY OF ALFALFA GERMPLASM SOURCES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE PEST RESISTANCE; REGISTRATION; DEGRADATION AB The shortcomings of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as a high quality forage include extensive ruminal degradation of the forage protein, sometimes with concomitant loss through ammonia formation. This study was conducted to determine if significant differences exist in the degradability of forage protein among nine basic alfalfa germplasm sources, and germplasms with epidermal glandular hairs from M. glandulosa David or M. glutinosa M.B. Inter- and intrapopulation variation of protein degradability was assessed by an in vitro test based on the extent of degradation by the proteolytic enzyme ficin. The rates of degradation were significantly different among the alfalfa lines, but the proportions of protein lost were equivalent after a 2-h digestion. Intrapopulation variation, assessed with 10 plants from each of 10 sources, was quite high, suggesting that adapted cultivars with decreased protein degradability could be developed through conventional breeding methods, if selections were carried out on an individual plant basis. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SKINNER, DZ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1396 EP 1399 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600046 ER PT J AU GLAZ, B SHINE, JM DEREN, CW TAI, PYP MILLER, JD COMSTOCK, JC AF GLAZ, B SHINE, JM DEREN, CW TAI, PYP MILLER, JD COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-84-1198 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1404 EP 1405 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600049 ER PT J AU MILLER, JD TAI, PYP GLAZ, B SHINE, JM DEREN, CW COMSTOCK, JC AF MILLER, JD TAI, PYP GLAZ, B SHINE, JM DEREN, CW COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-81-1238 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. RP MILLER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1404 EP 1404 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600048 ER PT J AU DEREN, CW SHINE, JM TAI, PYP GLAZ, B MILLER, JD COMSTOCK, JC AF DEREN, CW SHINE, JM TAI, PYP GLAZ, B MILLER, JD COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-85-1432 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1405 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600050 ER PT J AU KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA HALEY, SD TAYLOR, J AF KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA HALEY, SD TAYLOR, J TI REGISTRATION OF RAVEN BLACK BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN DRY BEAN PROD RES ADVISORY BOARD,SAGINAW,MI 48603. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP KELLY, JD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 3 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1406 EP 1407 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600052 ER PT J AU SHINE, JM TAI, PYP MILLER, JD GLAZ, B DEREN, CW COMSTOCK, JC AF SHINE, JM TAI, PYP MILLER, JD GLAZ, B DEREN, CW COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-85-1491 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1406 EP 1406 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600051 ER PT J AU KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA LONG, RA TAYLOR, J AF KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA LONG, RA TAYLOR, J TI REGISTRATION OF ISLES DARK RED KIDNEY BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN DRY BEAN PROD RES ADVISORY BOARD,SAGINAW,MI 48603. RP KELLY, JD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1407 EP 1408 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600053 ER PT J AU KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA BROTHERS, ME TAYLOR, J AF KELLY, JD HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA BROTHERS, ME TAYLOR, J TI REGISTRATION OF HURON NAVY BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN DRY BEAN PROD RES ADVISORY BOARD,SAGINAW,MI 48603. USDA ARS,PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011. RP KELLY, JD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1408 EP 1408 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600054 ER PT J AU YOUNG, BA TISCHLER, CR AF YOUNG, BA TISCHLER, CR TI REGISTRATION OF TEM-SV1 KLEINGRASS GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1414 EP 1414 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600063 ER PT J AU MIKLAS, PN BEAVER, JS GRAFTON, KF FREYTAG, GF AF MIKLAS, PN BEAVER, JS GRAFTON, KF FREYTAG, GF TI REGISTRATION OF TARS VCI-4B MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANT DRY BEAN GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP MIKLAS, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,POB 70,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 1 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1415 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600065 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, CE AF TOWNSEND, CE TI REGISTRATION OF C-22, C-23, AND C-24 GERMPLASMS OF CICER MILKVETCH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP TOWNSEND, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1417 EP 1417 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600067 ER PT J AU PRATT, RC FINDLEY, WR SOTOMAYORRIOS, A TORRESCARDONA, S AF PRATT, RC FINDLEY, WR SOTOMAYORRIOS, A TORRESCARDONA, S TI REGISTRATION OF OHS9(C1) AND OHS10(C1) MAIZE GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR. RP PRATT, RC (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,1680 MADISON AVE,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1418 EP 1419 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600069 ER PT J AU SCHAEFFER, GW SHARPE, FT DUDLEY, JT AF SCHAEFFER, GW SHARPE, FT DUDLEY, JT TI REGISTRATION OF 5 LYSINE-ENHANCED RICE GERMPLASM LINES - 2K41, 2K539, 2K(C193), 2K497, AND 2K601 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP SCHAEFFER, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1425 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600077 ER PT J AU LEFFEL, RC AF LEFFEL, RC TI REGISTRATION OF BARC-12, A LOW LINOLENIC ACID SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP LEFFEL, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH-19,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1426 EP 1427 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600079 ER PT J AU KILEN, TC LAMBERT, L AF KILEN, TC LAMBERT, L TI REGISTRATION OF D89-9121 SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINE RESISTANT TO FOLIAR FEEDING INSECTS, PHYTOPHTHORA ROT, AND STEM CANKER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP KILEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 196,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1427 EP 1427 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600080 ER PT J AU SEBESTA, EE WOOD, EA PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA SMITH, EL AF SEBESTA, EE WOOD, EA PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA SMITH, EL TI REGISTRATION OF GAUCHO GREENBUG-RESISTANT TRITICALE GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK 74075. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1428 EP 1428 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PF016 UT WOS:A1994PF01600081 ER PT J AU NORMAH, MN REED, BM YU, XL AF NORMAH, MN REED, BM YU, XL TI SEED STORAGE AND CRYOEXPOSURE BEHAVIOR IN HAZELNUT (CORYLUS-AVELLANA L CV BARCELONA) SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HAZELNUT; SEED; STORAGE; CRYOPRESERVATION; EMBRYONIC AXES; CORYLUS AB Moisture contents of individual hazelnut (Corylus avellana L. cv. Barcelona) seed and seed parts were determined before and during storage at room temperature. The moisture content and percentage radicle emergence were determined after each storage period and after desiccation over silica gel prior to liquid nitrogen exposure. Hazelnut seeds had a high coefficient of variation for moisture content. No loss of germination was observed for seeds desiccated down to 5% moisture (fresh wt. basis). Although desiccated whole seeds did not survive LN(2) exposure, the embryonic axes excised after cryoexposure of whole seeds survived and were grown in tissue culture. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP NORMAH, MN (reprint author), UNIV KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA,FAC LIFE SCI,DEPT BOT,BANGUI 43600,MALAYSIA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU CRYO LETTERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 7 WOOTTON WAY, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB3 9LX SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 15 IS 5 BP 315 EP 322 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA PK954 UT WOS:A1994PK95400007 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, KA DWYER, JT CASEY, VA AF COLEMAN, KA DWYER, JT CASEY, VA TI ACCURACY OF MEMORIES FROM CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE RELATED TO GROWTH AND SIZE SO CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLASHBULB MEMORIES; BODY-WEIGHT; RECALL; AGE; MENARCHE; EARLIER; RISK AB The ability of middle-aged adults to recall their body size and events occurring up to 40 years earlier was assessed. Ninety-one subjects recalled their relative height, weight, and fatness during childhood, early adolescence and late adolescence. Accuracy of these memories was compared with the accuracy of current reports. The ability to accurately date benchmarks of their maturation such as menarche and year of maximal growth in height was also examined. Accuracy of reports did not decline uniformly over time. In general, reports of childhood physical characteristics were at least as accurate as reports of current characteristics; that is, they did not differ significantly from current reports. Males were less accurate in their reports of relative height and fatness during early adolescence and childhood. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP COLEMAN, KA (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,64 CUMMINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 SN 0737-8262 J9 CURR PSYCHOL JI Curr. Psychol. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 13 IS 3 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1007/BF02686850 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA QX616 UT WOS:A1994QX61600004 ER PT J AU ENGEMAN, RM SUGIHARA, RT PANK, LF DUSENBERRY, WE AF ENGEMAN, RM SUGIHARA, RT PANK, LF DUSENBERRY, WE TI A COMPARISON OF PLOTLESS DENSITY ESTIMATORS USING MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENSITY ESTIMATION; DISTANCE METHODS; PLOTLESS METHODS; SPATIAL PATTERN ID DISTANCE AB We conducted an extensive simulation study to compare the performance of a large group of plotless density estimators (PDEs) to obtain clarification of their relative performance in a diversity of sampling situations. The PDEs studied included well-known ones from the literature plus some extensions and modifications introduced here. The simulations cover 96 combinations of 6 spatial patterns, 4 sample sizes, and 4 population densities. We made comparisons within classes of similar estimators, and we indicate the best-performing PDEs out of the complete set studied. Over all spatial patterns, the angle-order estimator with measurements to the third-closest individual in each quadrant had the lowest relative root-mean-squared error (RRMSE), followed by the same estimation method with measurements to the second closest individual in each quadrant. Also performing well were the variable area transect, the ordered distance estimator using the third closest individual, and an extension of the Kendall-Moran estimator that searches for the second nearest neighbor and pools search areas from all sample points. Opinions and recommendations are given as to which PDEs perform well enough and are practical enough to deserve strong consideration for use in the field. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,HAWAII FIELD STN,HILO,HI 96721. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP ENGEMAN, RM (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 28 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1769 EP 1779 DI 10.2307/1939636 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PE267 UT WOS:A1994PE26700024 ER PT J AU DAY, WH PROKRYM, DR ELLIS, DR CHIANESE, RJ AF DAY, WH PROKRYM, DR ELLIS, DR CHIANESE, RJ TI THE KNOWN DISTRIBUTION OF THE PREDATOR PROPYLEA-QUATTUORDECIMPUNCTATA (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) IN THE UNITED-STATES, AND THOUGHTS ON THE ORIGIN OF THIS SPECIES AND 5 OTHER EXOTIC LADY BEETLES IN EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB We provide 86 new collection records for the exotic P. quatuordecimpunctata, increasing its known range from 13 to 99 counties, and from three to nine states. The recovery data indicate that the actual distribution of this coccinellid is likely even larger, because systematic and broad surveys have been done in only a few areas. Evidence provided for P. 14-punctata and five other aphidophagous coccinellids [Coccinella undecimpunctata, C septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis, H. quadripunctata, and Hippodamia variegata] indicates that all six species were first established accidentally in eastern North America, and that they most likely were introduced through seaports. Inland ports appear to facilitate establishment, compared to urban, coastal ports. RP DAY, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,501 S CHAPEL ST,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 0 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 105 IS 4 BP 244 EP 256 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PJ778 UT WOS:A1994PJ77800008 ER PT J AU Reich, RM Czaplewski, RL Bechtold, WA AF Reich, Robin M. Czaplewski, Raymond L. Bechtold, William A. TI Spatial cross-correlation of undisturbed, natural shortleaf pine stands in northern Georgia SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE cross-correlogram; Moran's I; spatial anomaly AB In this study a cross-correlation statistic is used to analyse the spatial relationship among stand characteristics of natural, undisturbed shortleaf pine stands sampled during 1961-72 and 1972-82 in northern Georgia. Stand characteristics included stand age, site index, tree density, hardwood competition, and mortality. In each time period, the spatial cross-correlation statistic was used to construct cross-correlograms and cumulative cross-correlograms for all significant pairwise combination of stand characteristics. Both the cross-correlograms and cumulative cross-correlograms identified small-scale clustering and weak directional gradients for different stand characteristics in each time period. The cumulative cross-correlograms, which are based on inverse distance weighting were more sensitive in detecting small-scale clustering than the cross-correlograms based on a 0-1 weighting. Further analysis suggested that the significant cross-correlation observed among basal area growth and other stand characteristics were due, in a large part, on a subset of sample plots located in the northern part of the state, rather than regional or broad-scale variation as first thought. The ability to analyse the spatial relationship between two or more response surfaces should provide valuable insight in the development of ecosystem level models and assist decision makers in formulating pertinent policy on intelligent multiresource management. C1 [Reich, Robin M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Czaplewski, Raymond L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bechtold, William A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Forest Expt Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Reich, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 1 IS 3 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1007/BF00571392 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA V31TI UT WOS:000208905500003 ER PT J AU BRADY, SJ FLATHER, CH AF BRADY, SJ FLATHER, CH TI CHANGES IN WETLANDS ON NONFEDERAL RURAL LAND OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES FROM 1982 TO 1987 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE WETLANDS; WETLAND TRENDS; WETLAND LOSSES; LAND USE IMPACTS; NATIONAL ID COASTAL LOUISIANA; PERMUTATION PROCEDURES; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB Recent wetland area trends were estimated from the National Resources Inventory (NRI) for nonfederal rural lands for the period 1982-1987. NRI-based estimates of wetland area for states comprising the conterminous United States were highly correlated with estimates made by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and with estimates of coastal salt marsh wetlands made by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Net wetland area declined by 1.1% (almost-equal-to 363,200 ha) during the five-year study period. Conversion to open water, primarily caused by natural flooding in western inland basins, was responsible for altering extensive wetland areas (almost-equal-to 171,400 ha). Of the human-induced wetland conversions, urban and built-up land was responsible for 48% of the wetland loss, while agricultural development was indicated in 37% of the converted wetland area. A decrease in rural land, and increases in both population, and urban and built-up land were associated with wetland loss among states. Potential reasons for wetland loss were different in 20 coastal states than in 28 inland states. Proportionately, wetland loss due to development was three times greater in coastal states than inland states, while agriculturally induced wetland losses were similar in both groups. The proportionate declines of forested vs nonforested wetlands were not significantly different among states. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP BRADY, SJ (reprint author), US SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,3825 E MULBERRY ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 18 IS 5 BP 693 EP 705 DI 10.1007/BF02394634 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NY153 UT WOS:A1994NY15300005 ER PT J AU SCHMOLDT, DL PETERSON, DL SILSBEE, DG AF SCHMOLDT, DL PETERSON, DL SILSBEE, DG TI DEVELOPING INVENTORY AND MONITORING PROGRAMS BASED ON MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FORPLAN AB Resource inventory and monitoring (I&M) programs in national parks combine multiple objectives in order to create a plan of action over a finite time horizon. Because all program activities are constrained by time and money, it is critical to plan I&M activities that make the best use of available agency resources. However, multiple objectives complicate a relatively straightforward allocation process. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) offers a structure for multiobjective decision making so that decision-makers' preferences can be formally incorporated in seeking potential solutions. Within the AHP, inventory and monitoring program objectives and decision criteria are organized into a hierarchy. Pairwise comparisons among decision elements at any level of the hierarchy provide a ratio scale ranking of those elements. The resulting priority values for all projects are used as each project's contribution to the value of an overall I&M program. These priorities, along with budget and personnel constraints, are formulated as a zero/one integer programming problem that can be solved to select those projects that produce the best program. An extensive example illustrates how this approach is being applied to I&M projects in national parks in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The proposed planning process provides an analytical framework for multicriteria decisionmaking that is rational, consistent, explicit, and defensible. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COOPERAT PK STUDIES UNIT,NATL BIOL SURVEY,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP SCHMOLDT, DL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,USDA,FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 18 IS 5 BP 707 EP 727 DI 10.1007/BF02394635 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NY153 UT WOS:A1994NY15300006 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DL SILSBEE, DG SCHMOLDT, DL AF PETERSON, DL SILSBEE, DG SCHMOLDT, DL TI A CASE-STUDY OF RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANNING WITH MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES AND PROJECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; LINEAR PROGRAMMING; OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK AB Each National Park Service unit in the United States produces a resources management plan (RMP) every four years or less. The plans commit budgets and personnel to specific projects for four years, but they are prepared with little quantitative and analytical rigor and without formal decision-making tools. We have previously described a multiple objective planning process for inventory and monitoring programs (Schmoldt and others 1994). To test the applicability of that process for the more general needs of resources management planning, we conducted an exercise on the Olympic National Park (NP) in Washington State, USA. Eight projects were selected as typical of those considered in RMPs and five members of the Olympic NP staff used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize the eight projects with respect to their implicit management objectives. By altering management priorities for the park, three scenarios were generated. All three contained some similarities in rankings for the eight projects, as well as some differences. Mathematical allocations of money and people differed among these scenarios and differed substantially from what the actual 1990 Olympic NP RMP contains. Combining subjective priority measures with budget dollars and personnel time into an objective function creates a subjective economic metric for comparing different RMP's. By applying this planning procedure, actual expenditures of budget and personnel in Olympic NP can agree more closely with the staff's management objectives for the park. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,USDA,FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,NATL BIOL SURVEY,COOPERAT PK STUDIES UNIT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 18 IS 5 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.1007/BF02394636 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NY153 UT WOS:A1994NY15300007 ER PT J AU ROSS, RJ DEGROOT, RC NELSON, WJ AF ROSS, RJ DEGROOT, RC NELSON, WJ TI TECHNIQUE FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICALLY DEGRADED WOOD SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article RP ROSS, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 18 IS 5 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA PK346 UT WOS:A1994PK34600005 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ AF LANDOLT, PJ TI MATING FREQUENCY OF THE PAPAYA FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) WITH AND WITHOUT HOST FRUIT SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TOXOTRYPANA-CURVICAUDA; OVIPOSITION; PHEROMONE; KAIROMONE; REMATING ID CURVICAUDA GERSTAECKER DIPTERA; PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; FLIES; TIME AB Frequency of mating of female papaya fruit flies, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker, was affected by the availability of host fruit for oviposition. Mature females held for 5 days with males in cages in the laboratory without host fruit nearly always mated once. Most mature females held in cages for 5 days with both males and immature papaya fruit mated more than once. Remating by females held with fruit occurred occasionally before oviposition, indicating that an increased propensity to remate may not be due to sperm depletion. Mature males kept for 5 days with females mated up to 10 times (xBAR=5.6+/-0.6). RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.2307/3496100 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK720 UT WOS:A1994PK72000002 ER PT J AU VEGA, FE DAVIS, RE DALLY, EL BARBOSA, P PURCELL, AH LEE, IM AF VEGA, FE DAVIS, RE DALLY, EL BARBOSA, P PURCELL, AH LEE, IM TI USE OF A BIOTINYLATED DNA-PROBE FOR DETECTION OF THE ASTER YELLOWS MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISM IN DALBULUS-MAIDIS AND MACROSTELES-FASCIFRONS (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB A DNA probe was used to detect aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism acquisition by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott), an insect that does not transmit aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism, as well as by Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), a vector insect. Results show the effectiveness of the probe for pathogen detection in both the non-vector and the vector insect. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,ENTOMOL PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 330 EP 334 DI 10.2307/3496102 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK720 UT WOS:A1994PK72000004 ER PT J AU TINGLE, FC MITCHELL, ER MCLAUGHLIN, JR AF TINGLE, FC MITCHELL, ER MCLAUGHLIN, JR TI LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS OF COTTON AND THEIR PARASITOIDS IN A DOUBLE-CROPPING ENVIRONMENT SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE COTTON; HELIOTHIS HELICOVERPA; SPODOPTERA; PARASITOIDS ID NOCTUIDAE; LARVAE; CORN AB Seasonal populations of Spodoptera frugiperda, S. exigua, S. eridania, Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa zea, Pseudoplusia includens, and their parasitoids, were monitored on late-season cotton in northcentral Florida in 1992. The cotton was planted as a second crop, following corn, in one field and as a first crop in a second field in which cotton has not been grown for many years. At least twelve species of parasitoids emerged from lepidopterous larvae collected from the cotton plants. The most common parasitoids were Cotesia marginiventris, Meteorus autographae, Cardiochiles nigriceps, Netelia sayi, and Copidosoma truncatellum. The native parasitoid that showed the most potential as a biological control agent was C. marginiventris, because it attacks a broad range of pests including the Heliothis/Helicoverpa complex, Spodoptera spp., and Pseudoplusia includens. RP TINGLE, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 334 EP 341 DI 10.2307/3496103 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK720 UT WOS:A1994PK72000005 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE CHANDLER, LD HAMM, JJ LEWIS, WJ LYNCH, RE MARTI, OG PAIR, SD PERKINS, WD ROGERS, CE SPARKS, AN SUMNER, HR WIDSTROM, NW WISEMAN, BR AF CARPENTER, JE CHANDLER, LD HAMM, JJ LEWIS, WJ LYNCH, RE MARTI, OG PAIR, SD PERKINS, WD ROGERS, CE SPARKS, AN SUMNER, HR WIDSTROM, NW WISEMAN, BR TI GROSS,HARRY,R. - (1939-1994) - IN-MEMORIAM SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Item About an Individual RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,IBPMRL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK720 UT WOS:A1994PK72000013 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, RS SCHRECK, CE AF PATTERSON, RS SCHRECK, CE TI GOUCK,HARRY,KUDD - IN-MEMORIAM SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Item About an Individual RP PATTERSON, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA MAVERL,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 392 EP 393 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK720 UT WOS:A1994PK72000016 ER PT J AU LIN, WJ KLINE, DE ARAMAN, PA AF LIN, WJ KLINE, DE ARAMAN, PA TI DIMENSION YIELDS FROM FACTORY GRADE-2 AND GRADE-3 RED-OAK LOGS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB With rising timber costs and a decreasing supply of high-grade timber resources, manufacturers of solid wood products need to adopt more efficient processing methods that better utilize existing timber resources. To address this need, this study explores the potential of converting hardwood logs directly into dimension parts. The specific objective of this study was to estimate the potential cutting yield of dimension parts and potential value recovery obtainable from Factory Grade 2 and 3 red oak sawlogs under various processing configurations and cutting bills. A combination method of sawing logs into flitches and then cutting flitches into dimension parts was used. Two log sawing patterns (live sawing and five-part sawing) combined with two cutting sequences (rip first and crosscut first) and three cutting bills were tested. The results indicated that Grade 2 logs produced higher dimension yield than Grade 3 logs. However, Grade 2 logs resulted in much less value recovery per dollar log input than Grade 3 logs because of the notably higher price of Grade 2 logs. These results suggest that direct processing systems offer a very promising method for converting low-grade timber resources into high-value solid wood products. Other results of the study show how different processing configurations and cutting orders can affect yield and value recovery. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,USDA,FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP LIN, WJ (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,CTR FOREST PROD DEV,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 44 IS 9 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PG356 UT WOS:A1994PG35600002 ER PT J AU CARLL, CG AF CARLL, CG TI BASIC MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF FLAKEBOARDS FROM RING-CUT FLAKES OF EASTERN HARDWOODS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Tension, compression, interlaminar shear, and dynamic modulus of elasticity values are presented for flakeboards made of ring-cut flakes from large chips of six species of American hardwoods. These data can be used for design of multilayer flakeboards, in particular, for design of bending stiffness. Mechanical properties of aspen or yellow-poplar panels made from these flakes were similar to those of commercial waferboard panels of roughly similar density. Panels made of the higher density hardwoods were more dense than commercial waferboard and had superior mechanical properties. In general, at a given compaction ratio, panels of flakes from dense species showed superior mechanical properties. However, panels made from oak flakes showed poorer mechanical properties than those made of maple or beech flakes, even though the oak panels were more dense. RP CARLL, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 44 IS 9 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PG356 UT WOS:A1994PG35600003 ER PT J AU LUPPOLD, WG AF LUPPOLD, WG TI THE UNITED-STATES HARDWOOD LOG EXPORT SITUATION - WHAT IS THE PROBLEM SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The export of domestically produced hardwood logs continues to be a divisive issue within the U.S. hardwood industry. Although many sawmill and veneer mill operators feel that log exports have increased log prices to unacceptable levels, others within the industry feel logs should continue to be sold to the highest bidder. This paper discusses the hardwood log export issue by examining changes in exports and the factors that have caused these changes. RP LUPPOLD, WG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RT 2,BOX 562B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 44 IS 9 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PG356 UT WOS:A1994PG35600010 ER PT J AU KLINKHACHORN, P KOTHARI, R ANNAVAJJHALA, R MCMILLIN, CW AF KLINKHACHORN, P KOTHARI, R ANNAVAJJHALA, R MCMILLIN, CW TI TRSYS - A HARDWOOD LUMBER GRADING TRAINING AND REMANUFACTURING SYSTEM SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM AB The Training and Remanufacturing System (TRSys) is a new training tool for teaching both hardwood lumber grading and remanufacturing of lower grade boards into smaller boards of higher total value. TRSys is based on the HaLT2, ReGS, and enhanced HaRem computer programs. The most important feature of this new program is its ability to evaluate remanufacturing beyond simple edging and trimming. Provided the result is an increase in value, up to four boards can be remanufactured from one large board. The TRSys program, like the HaLT2 and HaRem programs, is limited to processing rectangular boards. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. INTEL CORP,TECH STAFF,SACRAMENTO,CA 95815. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP KLINKHACHORN, P (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 44 IS 9 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PG356 UT WOS:A1994PG35600011 ER PT J AU HANLEY, TA AF HANLEY, TA TI INTERACTION OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH AND FOREST MANAGEMENT - THE NEED FOR MATURATION OF SCIENCE AND POLICY SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Game-Biologists XXI Congress CY AUG 15-20, 1993 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP INT UNION GAME BIOLOGISTS AB Foresters and wildlife biologists face new challenges and new expectations from society. They are expected to provide an increasingly wide variety of goods and services from ecosystems at the same time that natural systems are under increasing pressure from both environmental and economic forces. The challenge is very formidable and requires a significant increase in the efficiency of both research and management. It is particularly important that research and management work in concert to provide a scientific basis for management. The communication gap between research and management, however, is a serious impediment. It is primarily one of false expectations, and it needs to be reduced. A major gain in that reduction can be made by recognizing the distinctly different roles of research and management. The role of research is to improve our understanding of our world. The role of management is to incorporate that understanding into policy and action. There is a fundamental difference between the technical knowledge that is science and the technical tools that are required to apply science to management. The technical tools are part of management and often must go considerably beyond the limits of scientific rigour. Research is needed to advance theory. Greater technical expertise within management is needed for management to benefit most fully from science. A shift in expectations from research will help make research more productive in advancing science and will free management from its dependency on research for technical tools. RP HANLEY, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 20909,JUNEAU,AK 99802, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 5 BP 527 EP 532 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PM742 UT WOS:A1994PM74200015 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JW AF THOMAS, JW TI TRENDS IN FOREST MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED-STATES SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Game-Biologists XXI Congress CY AUG 15-20, 1993 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP INT UNION GAME BIOLOGISTS AB Changes in forestry practices in the United States have been dramatic over the past decade. These changes have been brought about largely through government regulations promulgated in response to pressure from environmental and other groups at both federal and state levels. Historically, the federal government has taken leadership in forest stewardship, though some states have demonstrated strong initiatives over the years. Two separate, but intertwined, factors combined to alter the practice of forestry over much of the United States. There were the interactive consequences of obedience to national environmental laws, passed in the 1960s and 1970s, and a rising environmental consciousness among the majority of the minority of the citizenry who care about natural resource issues. Rising public concern was focussed in challenges in the federal courts to government forest management activities, and in terms of public relations campaigns using lobbying, demonstrations, and manipulation of the mass media. In July of 1993, President Clinton selected an option for management of federal forests in the Pacific Northwest section of the United States that dedicated 9.28 million acres (3.75 million hectares) of federal forests to reserves to be managed for late-successional/oldgrowth ecosystem function and riparian/fisheries protection. This reduced the anticipated timber sale levels from the 2.4 billion board feet (5.7 million m3) cut annually in 1990-1992, to 1.2 billion board feet (2.8 million m3) projected for 1994. There is an ongoing shift in management philosophy toward ''ecosystem management'' of forested lands with increasing attention to aesthetics and more benign environmental effects of timber management. RP THOMAS, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 5 BP 546 EP 549 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PM742 UT WOS:A1994PM74200019 ER PT J AU NKEDIKIZZA, P GASTON, LA SELIM, HM AF NKEDIKIZZA, P GASTON, LA SELIM, HM TI EXTRINSIC SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SELECTED MACRONUTRIENTS IN A SANDY SOIL SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID TRICKLE IRRIGATION DESIGN; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; HETEROGENEOUS SOIL AB In addition to native or intrinsic variability, the spatial variability of a soil property at a managed site includes an extrinsic component which is due to management practices. The objective of this study was to estimate changes in the extrinsic spatial variability of Ca, Mg, K, and P in the surface soil which resulted from tillage and fertilizer application. Such changes may increase or decrease total variability. The upper 15 cm of soil from a small experimental field (0.31 ha) on Millhopper fine sand (loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic, Grossarenic Paleudult) was sampled with a large bore soil probe. Soil samples were taken before and after plowing and application of mixed fertilizers. Average contents of these elements for subareas of the field were estimated using block kriging techniques. Comparisons of block-kriged estimates for Ca, Mg, K, and P before and after tillage and fertilizer application were used to assess the extrinsic spatial variability of these elements. Results of this study indicated that both tillage and fertilizer application altered the spatial distribution of these macronutrients. Attempted uniform site preparation for planting resulted, therefore, in nonuniform changes in extractable Ca, Mg, K, and P. Those elements which were applied at high rates exhibited large increases in variability and marked changes in distribution patterns. Knowledge of the pre-plant spatial variability and distribution of nutrient elements may aid in the planning and execution of field experiments or serve as a basis for soil specific crop management practices. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP NKEDIKIZZA, P (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 1994 VL 63 IS 1 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(94)90112-0 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH569 UT WOS:A1994PH56900007 ER PT J AU KENDALL, WA SHAFFER, JA HILL, RR AF KENDALL, WA SHAFFER, JA HILL, RR TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND WATER VARIABLES ON THE JUVENILE GROWTH OF LUCERNE AND RED-CLOVER SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ROT; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Plants of three cultivars of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were grown at four levels each of water availability and temperature in all combinations to evaluate these factors as determinants of plant growth. Plants grew in conventional plant growth chambers from age 2 to 4 weeks with the roots held between layers of polyester cloths that held a volume of nutrient solution which was adjusted at 24-h intervals by flushing and blotting the cloths. The experimental design consisted of two growth chamber runs at each of four temperatures. Within each run, water treatments and the species-cultivar combination were arranged in four replicates of a split-plot design with water treatment as whole plot and species-cultivars as subplots. Plant response variables over all treatments were significant (P < 0.05) for temperature and water for shoot weights, root weights, shoot/root ratios and number of roots. Cultivars within species had no significant difference in response to the treatments, but species differences were significant for all response variables except shoot/root ratio. RP KENDALL, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1994.tb02000.x PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PP883 UT WOS:A1994PP88300002 ER PT J AU JUNG, HG SMITH, RR ENDRES, CS AF JUNG, HG SMITH, RR ENDRES, CS TI CELL-WALL COMPOSITION AND DEGRADABILITY OF STEM TISSUE FROM LUCERNE DIVERGENTLY SELECTED FOR LIGNIN AND IN-VITRO DRY-MATTER DISAPPEARANCE SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; FORAGE; FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; INTERNODES; WHEAT AB Lucerne populations that had previously been divergently selected for acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations of whole herbage were additionally divergently selected for in vitro dry-matter disappearance (IVDMD) of basal stems. Parental plants of the four selected populations were intercrossed and the half-sib progeny evaluated in a replicated field trial in 1988 over two harvests. Cell wall composition of basal stems was determined for detergent fibre components and neutral sugars, uronic acids, Klason lignin and esterified and etherified phenolic acids of the total fibre fraction. Lignin polymer composition was measured by nitrobenzene oxidation. Degradability of cell wall polysaccharide components was determined by a 48-h in vitro ruminal fermentation. Cell wall composition was changed by both selection criteria. Klason lignin proportion of the total fibre did not differ as a result of selection, whereas the ADL concentration of neutral detergent fibre was different among selection groups. The cell wall polysaccharides of lucerne basal stems shifted towards more cellulose (glucose residues) and less hemicellulose (xylose residues) with selection for either low ADL or high IVDMD. While degradability of the cell wall polysaccharides was correlated with various measures of lignin composition and concentration, the results were variable and inconclusive. Surprisingly, Klason lignin and ADL were positively correlated with cell wall polysaccharide degradability, and esterified ferulic acid was negatively correlated with degradation of the cell wall. Selection for herbage ADL and basal stem IVDMD of lucerne did alter cell wall degradation, but the associated changes in cell wall lignification were not consistently correlated with cell wall degradability. C1 US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI. KINGS COLL,BRIARCLIFF MANOR,NY. RP JUNG, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RES SERV,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,411 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1994.tb02004.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PP883 UT WOS:A1994PP88300006 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, NC FRENCH, BW BURD, JD KINDLER, SD REED, DK AF ELLIOTT, NC FRENCH, BW BURD, JD KINDLER, SD REED, DK TI PARASITISM, ADULT EMERGENCE, SEX-RATIO, AND SIZE OF APHIDIUS-COLEMANI (HYMENOPTERA, APHIDIIDAE) ON SEVERAL APHID SPECIES SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Aphidius colemani Viereck parasitizes several economically important aphid pests of small grain crops including the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum and the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia. The ability of A. colemani to switch from S. graminum to several species of aphids common to agricultural and associated non-agricultural ecosystems in the Great Plains, and the effects of host-change on several biological parameters that influence population growth rate were determined. Female A, colemani parasitized and developed to adulthood in nine of 14 aphid species to which they were exposed in the laboratory. All small grain feeding aphids except Sipha flava were parasitized. Two sunflower feeding species (Aphis nerii and A. helianthi) and two crucifer feeding species (Lipaphis erysimi and Brevicoryne brassicae) were parasitized, as was the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. The average percentage of aphids parasitized differed significantly among host aphid species, as did the percentage of parasitoids surviving from the mummy to the adult stage and the time required for immature development. The sex ratio of adults that eclosed from the various hosts did not differ significantly among species. Dry weights of adult parasitoids differed significantly among host species. Adults from S. graminum weighed most (0.054 mg) while those emerging from A. helianthi weighed least (0.020 mg). Results are discussed in terms of strategies for classical biological control of aphid pests of cereals. RP ELLIOTT, NC (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SPA,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 5 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 27 IS 3 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QF332 UT WOS:A1994QF33200002 ER PT J AU KERR, JM RICHARDS, MP SOARES, JH AF KERR, JM RICHARDS, MP SOARES, JH TI CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS IN IN OVO AND EX OVO TURKEY EMBRYOS SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE TURKEY; EMBRYO; SHELL-LESS; CALCIUM; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D; BONE ID CULTURED CHICK-EMBRYOS; VITAMIN-D; CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE; YOLK-SAC; TRANSPORT; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; HATCHABILITY; METABOLITES AB Calcium homeostasis of in ovo (normal) and ex ovo (shell-less) turkey embryos was investigated at 15, 18, and 21 days of incubation. Hypocalcemia and an elevation in circulating 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 in ex ovo embryos were observed by 15 days. Calcium and phosphorus concentrations in femora and tibiae in ex ovo embryos were significantly lower compared to their normal counterparts. These results suggest that shell calcium mobilization is required prior to 15 days of incubation for maintaining serum calcium and supporting bone mineralization. Furthermore, the elevation of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 is indicative of a functional calcium homeostatic mechanism responding to the absence of the primary calcium source (eggshell) during the second half of turkey embryonic development. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,NUTR SCI PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD FAL PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA PR076 UT WOS:A1994PR07600003 PM 7868305 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, ET AF KENNEDY, ET TI APPROACHES TO LINKING AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION-PROGRAMS SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article AB Malnutrition continues to be a problem of staggering proportions throughout the world. Many programmes and policies have been used to reduce the number of malnourished, with mixed results. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for identifying the factors influencing individual nutritional status and a range of possible interventions. A review of the most common interventions for mitigating malnutrition both at the household and individual level, and lessons learned, are presented. Finally, guidelines for creating linkages between nutrition and agricultural projects are suggested. Experience gained from past interventions provides three 'rules of thumb' in the design of successful policies and programmes to mitigate malnutrition: 1) Use existing infrastructure, programmes, and projects rather than creating a new organization. 2) Build on certain types of agricultural projects which are amenable to coupling with nutrition objectives. 3) There are several influential factors that must be addressed conjointly in order to have a positive impact on household food security and nutrition: the income and other resources available to the household, the extent to which women control these resources, and how these resources are distributed within the household. RP KENNEDY, ET (reprint author), USDA,FOOD & NUTR SERV,INT FOOD POLICY RES INST,3101 PK CTR DR,RM 802,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22302, USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 9 IS 3 BP 294 EP 305 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA PF802 UT WOS:A1994PF80200009 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, RE AF MCDONALD, RE TI POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL HORTICULTURAL COMMODITIES - INTRODUCTION TO THE COLLOQUIUM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP MCDONALD, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 9 BP 974 EP 974 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PD945 UT WOS:A1994PD94500005 ER PT J AU WANG, CY AF WANG, CY TI CHILLING INJURY OF TROPICAL HORTICULTURAL COMMODITIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 89th ASHS Annual Meeting on Postharvest Technology of Tropical Horticultural Commodities CY AUG 03, 1992 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER SOC HORT SCI, POSTHARVEST WORKING GRP, AMER SOC HORT SCI, CITRUS CROPS WORKING GRP, AMER SOC HORT SCI, FLORICULTURE WORKING GRP, AMER SOC HORT SCI, FOOD QUAL & NUTR WORKING GRP, AMER SOC HORT SCI, HORT STRATEGIES DEV COUNTRIES WORKING GRP ID ZUCCHINI SQUASH; ABSCISIC-ACID; STORED AVOCADOS; REDUCTION; SEEDLINGS; TOLERANCE; ETHYLENE; STRESS RP WANG, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 9 BP 986 EP 988 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PD945 UT WOS:A1994PD94500009 ER PT J AU HUMMER, KE PEACOCK, DN AF HUMMER, KE PEACOCK, DN TI SEED DIMENSION AND WEIGHT OF SELECTED RUBUS SPECIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BLACKBERRY; FRUIT BREEDING; GENETIC RESOURCES; GERMPLASM; PYRENE; RASPBERRY AB Many lesser-known wild Rubus species from Ecuador, the People's Republic of China, and North America have been obtained on recent U.S. Dept. of Agriculture plant-collecting expeditions. In this study, the seed size of 43 Rubus species was measured. An 80-fold range in seed weight was observed within the genus. Asian species in the subgenera Idaeobatus and Malachobatus had the lightest seed, ranging from 0.3 mg (R. eustephanus Focke ex Diels) to 1.2 mg (R. coreanus Miq.). The seeds of almost-equal-to 80% of the species examined weighed <2 mg. Seeds of European species in the subgenera Idaeobatus and Rubus (formerly Eubatus of Focke) ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 mg. The South American Orobatus included several of the heaviest-seeded species. Rubus megalococcus Focke (subgenus Rubus) had the heaviest and largest seed weighing 24.2 mg. Seed weight was not related to ploidy level in wild species. Seed weight and length were positively correlated. Seed flatness was not related to seed length. Several of the smaller-seeded Asian species, such as R. minusculus A. Lev. & Van., R. hirsutus Thunb., and R. eustephanus, had more drupelets per fruit than did those of larger-seeded species. This heritable trait may be useful in breeding for increased fruit size. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP HUMMER, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1034 EP 1036 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PD945 UT WOS:A1994PD94500022 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, NL TIMM, EJ BROWN, GK AF SCHULTE, NL TIMM, EJ BROWN, GK TI REDHAVEN PEACH IMPACT DAMAGE THRESHOLDS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; BRUISING; POSTHARVEST HANDLING ID BRUISE RESISTANCE AB 'Redhaven' peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were dropped onto several impact surfaces to determine impact conditions that initiate bruising. After impact, the peaches were tested for flesh firmness and sorted into firm, soft, and very soft groups for bruise analysis. The drop height that did not bruise decreased as fruit softened. The peach shoulder area bruised most easily. A drop of only 8 mm onto a hard surface initiated bruising on a soft peach, whereas a Poron 15250 cushion could protect the peach for a less-than-or-equal-to 85-mm drop. Impact damage threshold estimates were developed for the three flesh firmness conditions. The threshold estimates and impact history information collected by an instrumented sphere can be used to develop handling equipment design and operation guidelines that essentially avoid impact bruises on peaches. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE HARVESTING UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP SCHULTE, NL (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,FARRALL HALL,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1052 EP 1055 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PD945 UT WOS:A1994PD94500027 ER PT J AU ROY, S CONWAY, WS WATADA, AE SAMS, CE ERBE, EF WERGIN, WP AF ROY, S CONWAY, WS WATADA, AE SAMS, CE ERBE, EF WERGIN, WP TI HEAT-TREATMENT AFFECTS EPICUTICULAR WAX STRUCTURE AND POSTHARVEST CALCIUM-UPTAKE IN GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CACL2; LOW-TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PRESSURE INFILTRATION ID INFILTRATION; FRUIT; DECAY AB 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh) were pressure-infiltrated at harvest with a 4 % CaCl2 solution either without prior heat treatment or following 4 days at 38C. Examination of the apple surfaces from both treatments by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy revealed that heat treatment changed the pattern of epicuticular wax. The epicuticular wax of nonheated fruit exhibited numerous deep surface cracks that formed an interconnected network on the fruit surface. The epicuticular wax of heat-treated fruit did not exhibit a similar network of deep cracks. This apparent obstruction or elimination of deep cracks may limit the CaCl2 solutions from entering the fruit The heated fruit contained significantly less Ca than the fruit that were pressure-infiltrated with CaCl2 solutions but not heated. These results indicate that cracks on the fruit surface may be an important pathway for the penetration of CaCl2 solutions. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP ROY, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1056 EP 1058 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PD945 UT WOS:A1994PD94500028 ER PT J AU HALBRENDT, JM PODLECKIS, EV HADIDI, A SCORZA, R WELLIVER, R AF HALBRENDT, JM PODLECKIS, EV HADIDI, A SCORZA, R WELLIVER, R TI A RAPID PROTOCOL FOR EVALUATING PRUNUS GERMPLASM FOR TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS-RESISTANCE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DOT BLOT; HYBRIDIZATION; PEACH; ROOTSTOCK; XIPHINEMA ID TRANSMISSION; SEEDLINGS; CUTTINGS; TREES AB Rooted cuttings of 'Halford' and 'Redhaven' peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and 'Stanley' (Prunus domestica L.) and 'Marianna 2624' (P. cerasifera x P. munsoniana) plums were planted in soil containing almost-equal-to 38 tomato ringspot virus- (TomRSV) infested nematodes (Xiphinema americanum sensu lato Cobb) per 100 cc. Test- and control-plant sap extracts were made from root and leaf tissues after 10, 22, and 34 weeks. Aliquots of these samples were assayed by mechanical inoculation to Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Total nucleic-acid extracts prepared from the remainder of each sample were analyzed by dot biot hybridization using a cRNA probe for TomRSV. The bioassay identified one 'Stanley' and two 'Redhaven' infected plants. Hybridization results indicated that two of two 'Stanley', three of three 'Halford', five of five 'Redhaven', and zero of six 'Marianna 2624' were infected. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of molecular hybridization for TomRSV detection in Prunus and substantiate the TomRSV resistance of 'Marianna 2624'. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. PENN DEPT AGR,HARRISBURG,PA 17109. RP HALBRENDT, JM (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,FRUIT RES LAB,BIGLERVILLE,PA 17307, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1068 EP 1070 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PD945 UT WOS:A1994PD94500032 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, TE GRAUKE, LJ AF THOMPSON, TE GRAUKE, LJ TI GENETIC-RESISTANCE TO SCAB DISEASE IN PECAN SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; HERITABILITY; CARYA-ILLINOINENSIS; CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AB Thirty-six cultivars and 948 seedlings from 15 controlled crosses in the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] breeding program at Brownwood, Texas, were rated for susceptibility to nut scab [Cladosporium caryigenum (Ell. et Lang.) Gottwald] to determine heritability of this trait. Differences between parents and progenies, and within progenies, were highly significant. Within most families, a complete range of resistance reactions were evident, from fully susceptible to fully resistant. Heritability of resistance was determined by regressing individual progeny values on female, male, and midparent values, with the midparent heritability estimate being the highest (0.54). This moderate level of additive gene action and the identification of superior parents in this study will contribute to the efficiency of breeding resistant cultivars. RP THOMPSON, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PECAN GENET & BREEDING RES,ROUTE 2,BOX 133,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1078 EP 1080 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PD945 UT WOS:A1994PD94500035 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, CE PAYNE, JT YOUNG, WA PICHA, DH OKIE, WR AF JOHNSON, CE PAYNE, JT YOUNG, WA PICHA, DH OKIE, WR TI GALA PEACH SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FRUIT BREEDING; PRUNUS-PERSICA; SEMI-FREESTONE C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT HORT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70896. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP JOHNSON, CE (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,CALHOUN RES STN,CALHOUN,LA 71225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1096 EP 1096 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PD945 UT WOS:A1994PD94500046 ER PT J AU RIGNOT, EJM WILLIAMS, CL WAY, JB VIERECK, LA AF RIGNOT, EJM WILLIAMS, CL WAY, JB VIERECK, LA TI MAPPING OF FOREST TYPES IN ALASKAN BOREAL FORESTS USING SAR IMAGERY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium: Better Understanding of Earth Environment (IGARSS 93) CY AUG 18-22, 1993 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP INST ELECT INFORMAT & COMMUN ENGINEERS JAPAN, URSI ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; SIGNATURES; BIOMASS AB Mapping of forest types in the Tanana river floodplain, interior Alaska, is performed using a maximum-a-posteriori Bayesian classifier applied on SAR data acquired by the NASA/JPL three-frequency polarimetric AIRSAR system on several dates. Five vegetation types are separated, dominated by 1) white spruce, 2) balsam poplar, 3) black spruce, 4) alder/willow shrubs, and 5) bog/fen/nonforest vegetation. Open water of rivers and lakes is also separated. Accuracy of forest classification is investigated as a function of frequency and polarization of the radar, as well as the forest seasonal state, which includes winter/frozen, winter/thawed, spring/flooded, spring/unflooded, and summer/dry conditions. Classifications indicate that C-band is a more useful frequency for separating forest types than L- or P-bands, and HV polarization is the most useful polarization at all frequencies. The highest classification accuracy, with 90 percent of forest pixels classified correctly, is obtained by combining L-band HV and C-band HV data acquired in spring as seasonal river flooding recedes and before deciduous tree species have leaves. In 17 forest stands for which actual percentages of each tree species are known, the same radar data are capable of predicting tree species composition with less than 10 percent error. For the same combination of observation channels, classification accuracy is 79 percent in spring on a day of intense river flooding, and 62 percent on a dry summer day with leaves on deciduous trees. In winter, using 4-look SAR data instead of 16-look, classification accuracy is 55 percent on a frozen day, and 76 percent on a thawed day. White spruce and balsam poplar stands are best separated in thawed conditions when balsam poplar trees have no leaves. From our classification, we predict that current and future spaceborne SAR systems will have limited mapping capabilities when used alone. Yet, RADARSAT combined with J-ERS-1 and ERS-1 could resolve forest types with 80 percent accuracy, separate nonforest areas resulting from commercial logging or forest wildfire, and map river edges. For comparison, a combination of green, red, and near-infrared radiance data acquired by SPOT-2 on a dry summer day yields a classification accuracy of 83 percent for the same forest stands, with limited success in distinguishing among deciduous forest types and among coniferous forest types. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. RP RIGNOT, EJM (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,RADAR SCI & ENGN SECT,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1994 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1051 EP 1059 DI 10.1109/36.312893 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PF415 UT WOS:A1994PF41500010 ER PT J AU RIGNOT, E WAY, JB WILLIAMS, C VIERECK, L AF RIGNOT, E WAY, JB WILLIAMS, C VIERECK, L TI RADAR ESTIMATES OF ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS IN BOREAL FORESTS OF INTERIOR ALASKA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Letter ID ATMOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SAR DATA; PRODUCTIVITY; BACKSCATTER; ECOSYSTEMS; IMAGES AB Airborne SAR data gathered by the NASA/JPL three-frequency, polarimetric, radar system in winter, spring, and summer over the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, near Fairbanks, AK, are compared to estimates of whole-tree aboveground dry biomass from 21 forest stands and two clear-cuts. While C-band radar backscatter shows little sensitivity to biomass, L- and P-band radar backscatter increase by more than 6 dB when biomass increases from 5 to 200 tons/ha. Using second-order polynomial regressions, biomass values are predicted from the radar at L- and P-band and compared to actual biomass values. At P-band HV-polarization, the error in predicted biomass is about 30% of the actual biomass. When HV- , HH- , and VV-polarization are used together in the regression, the error in predicted biomass is about 20%. Errors obtained using L-band data are a few percents larger. These errors are caused by uncertainties in actual stand biomass estimates, significant inner-stand spatial variations in biomass, unusual conditions of forest stands following natural disturbances, along with interactions of the radar signals with a complex three-dimensional structure of the canopy. Multiple incidence angle data reveal that the incidence angle theta(i) of the radar illumination is also a factor influencing the retrieval of biomass, even at HV-polarization, when theta(i) > 50-degrees or theta(i) < 25-degrees. Finally, the radar response of the forest-and thereby the regression curves for biomas retrieval-are dependent on the seasonal and environmental conditions. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP RIGNOT, E (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 NR 25 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1994 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1124 DI 10.1109/36.312903 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PF415 UT WOS:A1994PF41500019 ER PT J AU HUNT, HD PHARR, GT BACON, LD AF HUNT, HD PHARR, GT BACON, LD TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS REVEALS MHC CLASS-I INTRA-LOCUS RECOMBINATION IN THE CHICKEN SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Note ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; HLA-B ALLELES; NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER; DIVERSITY; ANTIGENS; GENES; HAPLOTYPES; SEQUENCES; REGION RP HUNT, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD SEP PY 1994 VL 40 IS 5 BP 370 EP 375 DI 10.1007/BF01246678 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA PJ608 UT WOS:A1994PJ60800007 PM 7927541 ER PT J AU OKOTKOTBER, BM MORGAN, TD HOPKINS, TL KRAMER, KJ AF OKOTKOTBER, BM MORGAN, TD HOPKINS, TL KRAMER, KJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CATECHOL-CONTAINING GLYCOPROTEINS FROM PHARATE PUPAL CUTICLE OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA-SEXTA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SCLEROTIZATION; CUTICLE; GLYCOPROTEINS; CATECHOLS; CATECHOLAMINES; CARBOHYDRATE; TANNING; TOBACCO HORNWORM; MANDUCA SEXTA ID N-BETA-ALANYLDOPAMINE; DIFFERENT ANATOMICAL REGIONS; GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUKE FASCIOLA-HEPATICA; INSECT CUTICLE; CUTICULAR PROTEINS; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; STAGE SPECIFICITY AB Two high molecular weight cuticular proteins (MSCP120 and MSCP246) were extracted in acidic guanidine hydrochloride solution from tanning abdominal cuticle of Manduca sexta pharate pupae and purified by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. The apparent molecular weights were ca. 120 and 246 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both proteins contained high levels of glutamate/glutamine, glycine, serine, alanine and aspartate/asparagine. MSCP120 was enriched in histidine relative to MSCP246, but the reverse was true for valine and proline. Small quantities of beta-alanine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), as well as other catechols and carbohydrates, also were detected in the hydrolysates. The proteins became radiolabeled when [1-C-14]-beta-alanine was injected into pharate pupae, presumably by the formation of adducts with N-beta-alanyldopamine metabolites during sclerotization. Mild acid hydrolysis released N-beta-alanylnorepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylketoethanol from both proteins. Strong acid hydrolysis yielded predominantly 3,4-dihydroxyphenylketoethylamine (arterenone), but also DOPA and dopamine. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the two cuticular proteins were dissimilar, and that of MSCP246 was more hydrophobic than MSCP120. Both of these proteins mere glycosylated with glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and traces of N-acetylgalactosamine, and MSCP246 also contained galactose. These structural glycoproteins, which occur in cuticle undergoing sclerotization, apparently react post-translationally with quinonoid tanning agents to yield catecholamine-protein adducts. Small amounts of peptidyl DOPA probably are formed by hydroxylation of tyrosyl residues. Results from this study are consistent with the hypothesis that these catechol-containing glycoproteins participate in cross-linking reactions in M. sexta pupal cuticle during sclerotization. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RI mo, qin/O-7877-2014 NR 70 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 787 EP 802 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)90107-4 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA PJ358 UT WOS:A1994PJ35800004 PM 7981728 ER PT J AU MASLER, EP RAINA, AK WAGNER, RM KOCHANSKY, JP AF MASLER, EP RAINA, AK WAGNER, RM KOCHANSKY, JP TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A PHEROMONOTROPIC NEUROPEPTIDE FROM THE BRAIN-SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION COMPLEX OF LYMANTRIA-DISPAR - A NEW MEMBER OF THE PBAN FAMILY SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; GYPSY MOTH; LYMANTRIA DISPAR; NEUROPEPTIDE ISOLATION; PBAN SEQUENCE; HOMOLOGY; PHEROMONOTROPIC PEPTIDES ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; GYPSY-MOTH; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; SILKWORM; NEUROHORMONE AB A pheromonotropic peptide was isolated from brain-suboesophageal ganglion complexes of the adult female gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, using a 5-step HPLC purification protocol and an in vivo bioassay in Helicoverpa zea. The intact peptide was sequenced by automated Edman degradation. The L. dispar pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (Lyd-PBAN) is a C-terminally amidated 33-amino acid peptide with a molecular weight of 3881. The peptide was synthesized using Fmoc procedures. Lyd-PBAN has sequence homology with Hez-PBAN (81.8%) and Bom-PBAN-I (66.7%). All three PBANs share the C-terminal hexapeptide sequence, Tyr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH,. Tn addition, the C-terminal pentapeptide sequences of Pseudaletia pheromonotropin (Pss-PT), Bombyx diapause hormone (Bom-DH), the locustamyotropins (Lom-MT) and leucopyrokinin (Lem-PK) are identical or have a high degree of homology to the C-terminus of PBANs. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MASLER, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)90111-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA PJ358 UT WOS:A1994PJ35800008 PM 7981730 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, SA HARDY, CC AF FERGUSON, SA HARDY, CC TI MODELING SMOLDERING EMISSIONS FROM PRESCRIBED BROADCAST BURNS IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE PRESCRIBED BURNING; SMOLDERING; SILVICULTURE; SMOKE; EMISSIONS AB The objective of this study was to improve a smoke emissions model that is currently being used to help reduce pollution impacts from prescribed burning of timber harvest residues. Smoke emissions from these types of burns have been characterized with in situ, real time sampling packages. When emissions flux data from these sampling packages were compared with an existing emissions production model, it was found that the variety of rate characteristics for smoldering combustion caused by different burning conditions were not adequately described by the model. Therefore, we used the acquired data to develop an improved model for the early smoldering portion of broadcast prescribed fires. First, the data were compared with field measurements of pre-burn fuel loading, fuel moisture, and calculated biomass consumption. A linear relation was found between total biomass consumption and a rate constant for the exponential decay of smoldering emissions. The resulting regression equation was compared with observed data from previous studies and found to adequately predict an exponential decay constant, which is used to describe the early smoldering portion of harvest residue burns. RP FERGUSON, SA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,4043 ROOSEVLT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98105, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA PO BOX 328, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012-0328 SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD SEP PY 1994 VL 4 IS 3 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1071/WF9940135 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PW069 UT WOS:A1994PW06900002 ER PT J AU BROWN, JK BRADSHAW, LS AF BROWN, JK BRADSHAW, LS TI COMPARISONS OF PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS AND SMOKE IMPACTS FROM PRESETTLEMENT, FULL SUPPRESSION, AND PRESCRIBED NATURAL FIRE PERIOD IN THE SELWAY-BITTERROOT WILDERNESS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE FIRE HISTORY; AIR QUALITY; FIRE REGIMES; IDAHO; MONTANA AB Total particulate matter (PM) emissions were estimated for recent fires (1979-1990) and the presettlement period (prior to 1935) in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness (SBW) in Idaho and Montana. Recent period emissions were calculated by 10-day periods for surface fire and crown fire based on estimates of percentage fuel consumption and emission factors applied to fuel models constructed for each of eight fire regime types. Presettlement emissions were derived from estimates of historical fire occurrence. The occurrence and duration of smoke episodes in a large adjoining valley were documented for a 30-year period (1960-1990). During the presettlement period, smoke emissions were 1.3 times greater than during the recent period. Dispersion modeling indicated that during presettlement, visibility averaged 25% less than during the recent period. Valley smoke episodes ranged from 2 to 10 days in length and were 1.3 times more likely to occur during the presettlement period. Regression analysis indicated that a valley smoke event was likely above a 10-day PM threshold of 1,500 Mg. Characteristics of smoke episodes were described for none, minor, moderate, and extreme smoke categories. Occurrence of smoke did not differ between periods of full fire suppression and prescribed natural fire management. RP BROWN, JK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,INTERMOUNTAIN FIRE SCI LAB,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA PO BOX 328, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012-0328 SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD SEP PY 1994 VL 4 IS 3 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1071/WF9940143 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PW069 UT WOS:A1994PW06900003 ER PT J AU BROWN, JK ARNO, SF BARRETT, SW MENAKIS, JP AF BROWN, JK ARNO, SF BARRETT, SW MENAKIS, JP TI COMPARING THE PRESCRIBED NATURAL FIRE PROGRAM WITH PRESETTLEMENT FIRES IN THE SELWAY-BITTERROOT WILDERNESS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article AB The severity and extent of recent fires (1979-1990) were compared with that of presettlement fires (pre-1935) by eight major forest types in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness (SBW) in Idaho and Montana. Presettlement fire intervals were determined for estimating area burned. Presettlement annual area burned for the entire SBW was 4,290 ha by stand replacement fire and 4,310 ha by nonlethal understory fire. All recent period fires>4 ha were mapped using a GIS system. Area burned was determined by the fire severity classes: crowning, lethal surface, nonlethal surface, and no burning. Annual area burned averaged 2,780 ha by stand replacement and 2,270 by understory fire. Area burned during presettlement was 1.7 times that during the recent period. During the presettlement period, area burned by stand replacement and nonlethal understory fire was 1.5 and 1.9 times greater respectively than during the recent period. RP BROWN, JK (reprint author), US FOREST SREV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA PO BOX 328, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012-0328 SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD SEP PY 1994 VL 4 IS 3 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1071/WF9940157 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PW069 UT WOS:A1994PW06900004 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS AF MORAN, MS TI IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN ARIZONA USING SATELLITES AND AIRPLANES SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE REFLECTANCE FACTORS; RETRIEVAL; SOIL AB Agriculture has long been promoted as a prime beneficiary of remotely sensed data and satellite data are now routinely used in crop production forecasts and for resource surveys. However the potential for using satellite data for irrigation management has not been realized. An experiment was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Arizona, to test the feasibility of using satellite and aircraft data for crop monitoring and irrigation management. This experiment identified several shortcomings of present satellite systems with respect to providing timely information for irrigation management. On the other hand, a preliminary evaluation of aircraft data showed some potential for application to irrigation scheduling. A simple cost/benefit analysis suggested that profits could be achieved through the communal use of remotely sensed information from both satellites and aircraft in moderate-size irrigation districts. RP MORAN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 15 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA PL440 UT WOS:A1994PL44000005 ER PT J AU AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB AF AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB TI CROP COEFFICIENTS FOR IRRIGATING COTTON IN THE PRESENCE OF GROUNDWATER SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-STRESS AB A cotton crop coefficient was modified to account for the contribution of shallow groundwater to crop water use. The data used in the modification were developed using weighing column lysimeters. The percentage groundwater contribution to crop water use, expressed as a function of growing degree days for several salinities and two water table depths, was used in the regression analysis. Use of the modified coefficient was demonstrated by scheduling a subsurface drip irrigation system installed in an area with shallow saline groundwater. Use of the modified crop coefficient resulted in 25% of the cotton water requirement being extracted from shallow groundwater with a salinity of 5 dS m-1 without any adverse effects on vegetative plant growth and yield. Groundwater depth dropped from 1.2 to 2.2 m during the growing season. RP AYARS, JE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 15 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA PL440 UT WOS:A1994PL44000006 ER PT J AU REDMAN, JM CHIAPPINA, P CLAUSEN, F AF REDMAN, JM CHIAPPINA, P CLAUSEN, F TI A STRATEGY FOR MODERNIZING THE APPAREL INDUSTRY SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 SUPPLIER CUSTOMER QUAL INITIAT,S HAVEN,MI. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,ECON DEV LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP REDMAN, JM (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA PL710 UT WOS:A1994PL71000027 ER PT J AU ARGAUER, RJ BROWN, RT AF ARGAUER, RJ BROWN, RT TI DETECTION OF CARBOFURAN AND OTHER CARBAMATES USING CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION WITH N-METHYLINDOXYL ACETATE AS SUBSTRATE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CARBAMATES; CHOLINESTERASE; INHIBITION; N-METHYLINDOXYL ACETATE; FOOD SAFETY ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; METHYLCARBAMATE INSECTICIDES; ANTICHOLINESTERASE AGENTS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; PESTICIDES; METABOLITES AB A screening test was developed to detect trace amounts of carbamate insecticide residues in water and in aqueous extracts of meat. This test considers multiple insecticides with the common ability to inhibit cholinesterase. Assay solutions containing inhibitory insecticides remain colorless upon addition of substrate, while negatives and negative controls exhibit both fluorescence and a yellow color, followed by the formation of a blue precipitate that can serve as a permanent marker for assays judged negative. Phospholipids such as lecithin interfere with the test and must be removed before assay. RP ARGAUER, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1920 EP 1924 DI 10.1021/jf00045a017 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PH978 UT WOS:A1994PH97800017 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, JJ WONG, JP FELDMAN, SE ILNICKI, LP AF JOHNSTON, JJ WONG, JP FELDMAN, SE ILNICKI, LP TI PURGE-AND-TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINING SMOKE CONTAMINATION OF FOODS AND PACKAGING MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SMOKE; PURGE AND TRAP; MASS SPECTROMETRY; FOOD SAFETY ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SMOKEHOUSES AB Food and packaging materials from three separate fires were analyzed for volatiles by purge and trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PT/GC/MS) and compared to unexposed control samples. Concentrations of naphthalene and small alkyl-substituted (methyl, ethyl, dimethyl) naphthalene residues were consistently higher in the smoke odor containing foods than in the controls. Naphthalene and methylnaphthalene residues were used as indicators of smoke exposure in food and packaging materials. By using this method to analyze foods that had been exposed to smoke yet contained no organoleptically detectable smoke residues, it was shown that this PT/CC/MS naphthalene method is a more sensitive indicator of smoke exposure than is organoleptic evaluation. C1 USDA,FSIS,WESTERN LAB,ALAMEDA,CA 94501. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1954 EP 1958 DI 10.1021/jf00045a023 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PH978 UT WOS:A1994PH97800023 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M LEVIN, CE MCDONALD, GM AF FRIEDMAN, M LEVIN, CE MCDONALD, GM TI ALPHA-TOMATINE DETERMINATION IN TOMATOES BY HPLC USING PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DEHYDROTOMATINE; HPLC; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; TOMATIDENOL; TOMATIDINE; ALPHA-TOMATINE; TRANSGENIC TOMATOES ID POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; LYCOPERSICON; HYDROLYSIS; CHACONINE; SOLANINE AB As part of a program to control the biosynthesis of glycoalkaloids, we used an improved HPLC method with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to measure the alpha-tomatine content of store-bought and field-grown, including transgenic, red, and green tomatoes. The HPLC method responded linearly to alpha-tomatine in the range 0.125-12.5 mu g, suggesting a lower limit of detection of about 125 ng of alkaloid. Recoveries from tomato extracts spiked with alpha-tomatine ranged from 97 to 107%. alpha-Tomatine and a new glycoalkaloid tentatively identified as dehydrotomatine, whose molecular mass determined by mass spectrometry is 2 Da less than that of alpha-tomatine, separated well on the HPLC column. The ratio of alpha-tomatine to dehydrotomatine in commercially available standards was approximately 10:1. The alpha-tomatine content of ripe red tomatoes ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 mg/100 g of fresh weight. The corresponding values for unripe green tomatoes ranged from 4 to 17 mg/100 g of fresh weight. These results show that the ratio of alpha-tomatine content for the highest concentration in green tomatoes to the lowest value in red tomatoes is more than 500. The difference in alpha-tomatine content of transgenic and nontransgenic tomatoes, at the same level of ripeness, was negligible. Possible applications of the HPLC-PAD method are discussed. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1959 EP 1964 DI 10.1021/jf00045a024 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PH978 UT WOS:A1994PH97800024 ER PT J AU ACHER, AJ HAPEMAN, CJ SHELTON, DR MULDOON, MT LUSBY, WR AVNI, A WATERS, R AF ACHER, AJ HAPEMAN, CJ SHELTON, DR MULDOON, MT LUSBY, WR AVNI, A WATERS, R TI COMPARISON OF FORMATION AND BIODEGRADATION OF BROMACIL OXIDATION-PRODUCTS IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BROMACIL OZONATION; BIOREMEDIATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; DETOXIFICATION METHODS ID DISPOSAL SYSTEM; WATER; OZONATION; ATRAZINE; OZONE AB A comparative study of several oxidation methods of aqueous bromacil (I) solutions was conducted as part of a series of investigations concerning the chemical and biological remediation of pesticide-laden wastes. Ozonation (A), UV photolysis at 254 nn (B), and sensitized sunlight photodegradation (C) methods were examined. The A products were isolated and their structures elucidated by mass spectroscopy, various C-13 and H-1 NMR techniques, and other chemical methods. Three main A products were identified: 3-sec-butyl-5-acetyl-5-hydroxyhydantoin (II, ca. 5%), 3-sec-butylparabanic acid (III, ca. 20%), and 3-sec-butyl-5,5-dibromo-6-methyl-6-hydroxyuracil (IV, ca. 5%), which was also synthesized via hydroxybromination of bromacil; a fourth product (VII) was obtained in minute amount but was not identified. The aqueous solutions of IV are unstable and its decomposition led to re-formation of I. The main products found in B [(3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil (V) and a dimer compound, VI] and C (II and VI) were similar to those described previously. The biodegradation assays of I, A, B, and C solutions were investigated using activated sludge, a pure culture of Klebsiella terragena (DRS-I), or soil; they indicated that the B and C solutions were more biodegradable than A solutions, while the parent material (I) was nonbiodegradable. A phytotoxicity bioassay, using Nicotiana tabacum seedlings, showed complete detoxification of the B and C solutions but only partial detoxification of the A and IV solutions. An attempt has been made to evaluate the most suitable method of degradation of solutions of I. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP ACHER, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 42 IS 9 BP 2040 EP 2047 DI 10.1021/jf00045a039 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PH978 UT WOS:A1994PH97800039 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW JONES, OR AF UNGER, PW JONES, OR TI INFILTRATION OF SIMULATED RAINFALL - DRY AGGREGATE SIZE EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE WATER CONSERVATION; INFILTRATION; SOIL AGGREGATES; NO-TILLAGE ID SOIL; TILLAGE; CROP AB Water conservation often is limited by soil conditions that cause runoff, even from small rainstorms. This study evaluated the influence of tillage-induced aggregates on infiltration into Pullman soil (Torrertic Paleustoll). Tillage methods were PLOW (plowing and disking), ROTO (rotary), SWEEP), or NOTILL (no-tillage). Aggregate sizes were <0.42, 0.42-0.84, 0.84-2.0, 2.0-6.4, and 6.4-18.3 mm. Rainwater was applied until runoff and percolation became constant. Final infiltration (I(f)) rates differed due to tillage, aggregate size, and interaction effects, but maximum difference was only 8.1 mm h-1, suggesting that I(f) rate differences have little significance from a water conservation viewpoint during intense, short-duration rainstorms that occur in semiarid regions. Cumulative infiltration (I(c)) apparently is of greater significance; it was greatest for large aggregates. The PLOW treatment resulted in most large aggregates and presumably would result in greatest I(c). However, under field conditions, I(c) was similar for PLOW and SWEEP treatments. For the SWEEP treatment, tillage undercut the surface and retained more residues, thus negating the advantage of larger, but apparently less stable, aggregates with the PLOW treatment with respect to I(c). RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD SEP PY 1994 VL 173 IS 2 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00543.x PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PZ104 UT WOS:A1994PZ10400004 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M CUNDIFF, LV DIKEMAN, ME AF WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M CUNDIFF, LV DIKEMAN, ME TI EFFECTS OF COOKING AND SHEARING METHODOLOGY ON VARIATION IN WARNER-BRATZLER SHEAR FORCE VALUES IN BEEF SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; METHODOLOGY; SHEAR STRENGTH; TENDERNESS; VARIANCE ID LONGISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE; LOIN STEAKS; TENDERNESS; LOCATION AB Longissimus lumborum between the 13th rib and the 4th lumbar vertebra from 57 steers was obtained at 48 h postmortem, stored at 2 degrees C, and frozen after 7 d postmortem. Consecutive 2.54-cm-thick, paired steaks were used td make the following comparisons: Protocol A) steaks were broiled to 70 degrees C, chilled 24 h at 3 degrees C, cored parallel to fiber orientation, and sheared with a Warner-Bratzler attachment to the Instron and Protocol B) steaks' were modified-oven-broiled to 65 degrees C, cooled 30 min at 23 degrees C, cored perpendicular to the steak surface, and sheared with a Warner-Bratzler shear machine. Each of the four differences in protocol was subsequently compared one at a time with paired steaks. Protocol A resulted in higher (P < .05) shear force values than Protocol B (6.29 vs 3.60 kg). Neither shearing instrument nor cooling condition contributed to the difference (P > .05) in shear values. However, parallel vs perpendicular core orientation (6.31 vs 4.51 kg, respectively) and broil to 70 degrees C vs modified-oven broil to 65 degrees C cooking method (6.37 vs 5.31 kg, respectively) increased(P < .05) shear force values. Total variance (6.2 vs 1.2 kg(2)) and the proportion of variance in shear value attributed among animals was greater (P < .05) for Protocol A than for Protocol, B (70.0 vs 44.5%). These data indicate that Protocol A resulted in greater animal differences in shear values, and thus was more discriminating than Protocol B. In addition, variation in shear force within an animal could be reduced by increasing the number of cores, but not by increasing the number of steaks. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP WHEELER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2325 EP 2330 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PE836 UT WOS:A1994PE83600015 PM 8002450 ER PT J AU WISE, T KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT AF WISE, T KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT TI PORCINE SOMATOTROPIC REGULATION OF THYMIC WEIGHT, THYMOSIN BETA-4, AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTORS IN LEAN AND OBESE SWINE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTROPIN; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR; THYMUS GLAND; PIGS ID SUPEROXIDE ANION SECRETION; HORMONE GH SECRETION; FACTOR-I; HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; GROWING PIGS; BINDING; PROLACTIN; RECEPTORS AB Experiment 1 involved genetically lean and obese gilts and barrows injected for 42 d with 0, 2, or 4 mg/d of porcine somatotropin (pST; n = 96). Blood was collected at 0, 6, and 24 h after the initial PST injection and thereafter every 2 wk. Experiment 2 involved lean and obese gilts and barrows (n = 48) that were administered implants that released 0, 2, or 4 mg/d of pST for 42 d. Blood was collected at d 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 of the study. Thymic weights and a final blood sample were collected at the end of the 42-d trial. Thymic weights increased (P <.01) with dose of pST in injected and implanted animals. Thymosin beta 4 increased (P <.05) in a pST dose-dependent manner in injected and implanted animals, but concentrations were increased more in implanted animals. Concentrations of thymosin beta 4 decreased or reached a plateau in gilts but continued to increase in barrows to the end of the trial. Thymosin alpha 1 concentrations were increased (P <.01) in barrows compared with gilts, but the concentrations were not related to dose of pST Concentrations of pST in injected animals increased(P <.01) within 6 h after injection and had returned to basal concentrations by 24 h after injection. Concentrations of pST in implanted animals were dose-dependent (P <.05) and remained increased throughout the trial. Concentrations of IGF-I and -II were pST-dependent (P <.01) and increased throughout the trial period. Outside of the pST dose relationships, temporal changes in thymosin beta 4 were not highly related to changes in pST, IGF-I, or IGF-II. The pST dose-related increases in thymic weights and thymosin beta 4 concentrations are consistent with pST stimulation of the immune function in conjunction with overall increases of growth and efficiency of live weight gain in swine. C1 MONSANTO AGR CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2404 EP 2414 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PE836 UT WOS:A1994PE83600025 PM 8002460 ER PT J AU ECHTERNKAMP, SE SPICER, LJ KLINDT, J VERNON, RK YEN, JT BUONOMO, FC AF ECHTERNKAMP, SE SPICER, LJ KLINDT, J VERNON, RK YEN, JT BUONOMO, FC TI ADMINISTRATION OF PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN BY A SUSTAINED-RELEASE IMPLANT - EFFECTS ON FOLLICULAR-GROWTH, CONCENTRATIONS OF STEROIDS AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I, AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR BINDING-PROTEIN ACTIVITY IN FOLLICULAR-FLUID OF CONTROL, LEAN, AND OBESE GILTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTROPIN; GILTS; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR; BINDING PROTEINS; OVARIES ID RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; IGF-I; PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION; ESTRADIOL PRODUCTION; PREPUBERTAL GILTS; DAILY INJECTIONS; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; FINISHING PIGS; HORMONE PGH; DIFFERENTIATION AB Prepubertal gilts of control (n = 30), obese (n = 30), or lean (n = 29) genetic lines were implanted with no, one, or two implants of porcine somatotropin (pST, each delivers 2 mg/d) for 6 wk starting at 160 d of age to determine whether pST affects ovarian function. At 4 mg/d, PST increased (P <.01) numbers of 4.0- to 6.9-mm (medium) follicles but not (P >.10) numbers of 1.0- to 3.9-mm (small) follicles per gilt. Both doses of pST increased (P <.01) serum and follicular fluid (FFL) concentrations of IGF-I and activity of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and 36-kDa IGFBP in all three lines; IGFBP-3 was the predominant IGFBP. In comparison, binding activity of IGFBP-2 was decreased (P <.01) in serum by 4 mg of PST but increased (P <.05) in FFL by 4 mg of PST. Lean gilts had lower (P <.05) serum concentrations of IGF-I and less (P <.05) total binding activity of IGFBP than control and obese gilts. Concentrations of estradiol in FFL of small and medium follicles tended (P <.08) to be increased by 2 mg/d of pST, whereas FFL concentrations of progesterone were unaffected by pST. Obese and control gilts had twofold greater (P <.05) FFL progesterone concentrations than lean gilts. We conclude that sustained-release implants of PST can stimulate follicular growth, increase concentrations of IGF-I in serum and FFL, and increase IGFBP activity in serum of genetically divergent lines of gilts without an adverse effect on ovarian function. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. MONSANTO CO,DIV ANIM SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP ECHTERNKAMP, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2431 EP 2440 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PE836 UT WOS:A1994PE83600028 PM 7528195 ER PT J AU VALLET, JL AF VALLET, JL TI A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR PORCINE RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE VITAMIN-A; PREGNANCY; UTERUS; FOLLICLE ID VITAMIN-A; GENES; ACID AB This report describes a RIA for porcine retinol binding protein (RBP) that has been validated for measurement of RBP concentrations as low as 10 ng/mL in serum, follicular fluid, uterine flushings, allantoic fluid, and endometrial and uterine tissue culture medium. The increasing displacement of porcine [I-125]RBP resulting from decreasing dilutions of each sample was parallel to the standard curve, and exogenous RBP added to samples was accurately measured with the assay. To examine specificity, 1-mL samples of serum, uterine flushings, follicular fluid, and allantoic fluid were subjected to G-100 Sephadex chromatography, and the fractions were assayed for RBP with the RIA and for fluorescence, which detects retinol bound to RBP. The RBP measured with the RIA and the fluorescent fractions coeluted. Samples of uterine flushings in which RBP was measured using immunoblotting and densitometry were also assayed with the RIA. The measurements using the two methods were correlated (r =.84, p <.01). These results are evidence that the assay is specific for RBP. The limit of detection of the assay was .46 ng. The RIA should facilitate the study of RBP function and the control of its secretion by various tissues in pigs. RP VALLET, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2449 EP 2454 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PE836 UT WOS:A1994PE83600030 PM 8002464 ER PT J AU MARAGOS, CM RICHARD, JL AF MARAGOS, CM RICHARD, JL TI QUANTITATION AND STABILITY OF FUMONISINS B-1 AND B-2 IN MILK SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; PULMONARY-EDEMA; MYCOTOXINS; SWINE AB The well-documented presence of fumonisin mycotoxins B-1 and B-2 (FB1 and FB2) in corn raises the possibility that these toxins are carried over into the milk of animals fed with contaminated feed. The presence of FB1 and FB2 in milk has not been assessed because of the lack of sensitive analytical techniques for this matrix. Two methods, liquid chromatography (LC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were adapted for the analysis of milk. The ELISA, produced commercially for screening corn, required no sample preparation and was reproducible but was of low sensitivity [concentration that inhibits color development by 50% (IC50), 1200-1600 ng FB1/mL]. The more sensitive LC method involves serial extraction of milk with methanol-acetone and strong anion exchange followed by derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde. Recoveries of 50 ng FB1 and FB2/mL from unpasteurized and unhomogenized milk were 84 and 83%, respectively (limit of detection, 5 ng/mL). Recoveries of FB1 from whole homogenized milk (76%) were slightly lower. Heating milk for 30 min at 62 degrees C, to mimic pasteurization, did not significantly reduce FB1 or FB2 recovery, nor did storing milk for 11 days at 4 degrees C. The LC method was applied to 165 samples of milk only 1 of which was positive. This finding suggests that exposure of humans to FB1 and FB2 from milk is low. RP MARAGOS, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1162 EP 1167 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PL737 UT WOS:A1994PL73700020 PM 7950418 ER PT J AU SMITH, EB BARBANO, DM LYNCH, JM AF SMITH, EB BARBANO, DM LYNCH, JM TI EFFECT OF INFRARED ANALYZER HOMOGENIZATION EFFICIENCY ON REPEATABILITY OF UNCORRECTED FAT-A AND FAT-B SIGNALS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MILK ANALYSIS AB Poor repeatability by infrared milk analyzers may be caused by inefficient homogenization as a result of light scattering and the Christiansen effect. The objectives of this study were to identify instruments with good and poor homogenization efficiency and to determine if a difference exists in repeatability performance between instruments with good vs poor homogenization efficiency. Unhomogenized and homogenized portions of the same milk were tested 20 times consecutively on 22 instruments. An instrument was considered to have poor homogenization efficiency if the mean difference in the uncorrected signal between unhomogenized and homogenized portions of the same milk was greater than or equal to 1.43% of the fat test (i.e., greater than or equal to 0.05% at 3.5% fat). Instruments were evaluated for repeatability by calculating the sample standard deviation and the range of the latter 19 uncorrected readings for unhomogenized and homogenized milks. When repeatability was evaluated as a function of homogenization efficiency, there was a significant (p = 0.001) correlation between poor homogenization efficiency and poor repeatability when testing unhomogenized milk but not when testing homogenized milk. Improved homogenizer performance within infrared milk analyzers is needed to improve the repeatability of raw milk testing. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,TEXAS MILK MARKET,CARROLLTON,TX 75006. RP SMITH, EB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1223 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PL737 UT WOS:A1994PL73700028 PM 7950421 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ AF MILLERIHLI, NJ TI GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN SUGARS AND SYRUPS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BLOOD AB A method was developed for the determination of lead in sugars and syrups. Samples are wet-ashed with a nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide procedure and analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The method involves the use of magnesium nitrate as a matrix modifier, air ashing, platform atomization, and quantitation by peak area measurements with direct calibration against aqueous standards. The instrumental detection limit (based on 3.29 sigma) was 10 pg, or 0.5 mu g/L for a 20 mu L injection, corresponding to a method detection limit of 3.3 ng/g sugar. The characteristic mass was approximately 12 pg. This method was validated by analyzing sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup samples spiked with known quantities of lead. The average recovery was 101 +/- 6%. RP MILLERIHLI, NJ (reprint author), USDA,BHNRC,NUTR COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161 BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1292 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PL737 UT WOS:A1994PL73700037 ER PT J AU STEWART, JB KUSTAS, WP HUMES, KS NICHOLS, WD MORAN, MS DEBRUIN, HAR AF STEWART, JB KUSTAS, WP HUMES, KS NICHOLS, WD MORAN, MS DEBRUIN, HAR TI SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX RADIOMETRIC SURFACE-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP FOR 8 SEMIARID AREAS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BALANCE; WATER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SYSTEM AB Measurements of sensible heat flux, radiometric surface temperature, air temperature, and wind speed made at eight semiarid rangeland sites were used to investigate the sensible heat flux-aerodynamic resistance relationship. The individual sites covered a wide range of vegetation (0.1-4 m tall) and cover (3%-95% bare soil) conditions. Mean values of kB-1, a quantity related to the resistance of heat versus momentum transfer at the surface, for the individual sites varied between 3.5 and 12.5. A preliminary test of the utility of an excess resistance based on the mean value of kB-1 showed that the difference between the mean estimated and measured sensible heat fluxes varied +/- 60 W m-2 for the eight semiarid sites. For the eight sites the values of kB-1 were plotted against the roughness Reynolds number. The plot showed considerable scatter with values ranging between and beyond the theoretical curves for bluff rough and permeable rough surfaces. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USGS,DIV WATER RESOURCES,CARSON CITY,NV. RP STEWART, JB (reprint author), INST HYDROL,MACLEAN BLDG,CROWNMARSH GIFFORD,WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB,OXON,ENGLAND. NR 39 TC 141 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1110 EP 1117 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1110:SHFRST>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PD382 UT WOS:A1994PD38200007 ER PT J AU GUNDERSEN, DE LEE, IM REHNER, SA DAVIS, RE KINGSBURY, DT AF GUNDERSEN, DE LEE, IM REHNER, SA DAVIS, RE KINGSBURY, DT TI PHYLOGENY OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS (PHYTOPLASMAS) - A BASIS FOR THEIR CLASSIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; STRAIN CLUSTER; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANIMAL MYCOPLASMAS; DNA PROBES; IDENTIFICATION AB A global phylogenetic analysis using parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences from 46 mollicutes, 19 mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) (new trivial name, phytoplasmas), and several related bacteria placed the MLOs definitively among the members of the class Mollicutes and revealed that MLOs form a large discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to the Acholeplasma species, within the Anaeroplasma clade. Within the MLO clade resolved in the global mollicutes phylogeny and a comprehensive MLO phylogeny derived by parsimony analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences from 30 diverse MLOs representative of nearly all known distinct MLO groups, five major phylogenetic groups with a total of 11 distinct subclades (monophyletic groups or tars) could be recognized. These MLO subclades (roman numerals) and designated type strains were as follows: i, Maryland aster yellows AY1; ii, apple proliferation AP-A; iii, peanut witches'-broom PnWB; iv, Canada peach X CX; v, rice yellow dwarf RYD; vi, pigeon pea witches'-broom PPWB; vii, palm lethal yellowing LY; viii, ash yellows AshY; ix, clover proliferation CP; x, elm yellows EY; and xi, loofah witches'-broom LfWB. The designations of subclades and their phylogenetic positions within the MLO clade were supported by a congruent phylogeny derived by parsimony analyses of ribosomal protein L22 gene sequences from most representative MLOs. On the basis of the phylogenies inferred in the present study, we propose that MLOs should be represented taxonomically at the minimal level of genus and that each phylogenetically distinct MLO subclade identified should represent at least a distinct species under this new genus. C1 USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NR 54 TC 245 Z9 279 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 176 IS 17 BP 5244 EP 5254 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PD457 UT WOS:A1994PD45700007 PM 8071198 ER PT J AU MAYNARD, RH PREMAKUMAR, R BISHOP, PE AF MAYNARD, RH PREMAKUMAR, R BISHOP, PE TI MO-INDEPENDENT NITROGENASE 3 IS ADVANTAGEOUS FOR DIAZOTROPHIC GROWTH OF AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII ON SOLID MEDIUM CONTAINING MOLYBDENUM SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID 2ND ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; STRUCTURAL GENES; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; FIXATION; EXPRESSION; DELETION; VANADIUM; NIFHDK; STRAIN; SYSTEM AB Competition experiments between wild-type Azotobacter vinelandii and a mutant lacking Mo-independent nitrogenase 3 indicate that nitrogenase 3 provides an advantage during diazotrophic growth on agar media containing 100 to 500 nM Na2MoO4 but not in liquid media under the same conditions. Expression of nitrogenase 3 in wild-type cells growing on agar surfaces was verified with an anfH-lacZ fusion and by detection of nitrogenase 3 subunits. These results show that nitrogenase 3 is important for diazotrophic growth on agar medium at molybdenum concentrations that are not limiting for Mo-dependent diazotrophic growth in liquid medium. C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 176 IS 17 BP 5583 EP 5586 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PD457 UT WOS:A1994PD45700055 PM 8071245 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CF GREENBLATT, GA BETTGE, AD MALKAWI, HI AF MORRIS, CF GREENBLATT, GA BETTGE, AD MALKAWI, HI TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIPLE FORMS OF FRIABILIN SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STARCH GRANULE PROTEIN; ENDOSPERM SOFTNESS; GRAIN-SOFTNESS; WHEAT AB The control of endosperm texture in wheat grain is poorly understood at the molecular level. This study reports the isolation and partial characterization of multiple forms of friabilin, a starch granule protein associated with endosperm softness. Starch granule proteins were isolated from water-washed wheat starch using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), NaCl, propan-2-ol or NaCl plus propan-2-ol. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under unreduced conditions revealed the presence of at least three components of what we call the M(r) 15k complex, i.e. starch granule proteins of ca. M(r) 15k, which have been considered previously to be the single protein, friabilin. Based on selective extraction from starch, a fourth component may also be present. One of these four components may be an alpha-amylase inhibitor reported previously. N-terminal amino acid sequence data suggest that major components of the M(r) 15k complex may be similar to Triton X-114-extractable proteins, termed puroindolines, isolated from wheat flour. Members of the M(r) 15k complex shared similar dehydration-denaturation characteristics based on selective acetone precipitation. The results indicate that the operational use of friabilin as a discrete, single protein associated with endosperm texture, and possibly involved in texture control, must be re-evaluated. Nevertheless, friabilin remains a useful, though enigmatic, biochemical marker for grain softness. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP MORRIS, CF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,E-202 FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FACIL E,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 20 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1994.1056 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PM020 UT WOS:A1994PM02000006 ER PT J AU HARELAND, GA AF HARELAND, GA TI EVALUATION OF FLOUR PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION BY LASER DIFFRACTION, SIEVE ANALYSIS AND NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE HARDNESS; STARCH GRANULES; WHEAT HARDNESS; ENDOSPERM; STANDARDIZATION; DEFINITION; SOFT; TIME AB Laser diffraction and sieve analysis were used to measure flour particle size distributions as per cent volume and per cent weight, respectively, among different wheat types and milling methods. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to predict the per cent volume of flour particles within selected size ranges based on laser diffraction reference values. According to laser diffraction analysis, 89-98% of the flour particles were distributed within the size ranges 10-41 mum and 41-300 mum, and 2-11% of the particles were distributed within the size range < 10 mum. Flour particle size distributions were different (P<0.05) among the wheat types tested, except that hard red winter and hard white wheats were not different in flour particle size <10 mum, and hard red spring and hard white wheats were not different in flour particle size within 10-41 mum and 41-300 mum. The milling method affected particle size distributions of hard wheat flours but not those of soft wheat flours. A high correlation (r=0.95) occurred between per cent volume and per cent weight of hard wheat flour particles <45 mum, but the correlation decreased (r=0.77) when soft wheat flours were included in the comparison. Near-infrared calibration equations were developed by partial least-squares regression for predicting the per cent volume of flour particles. The per cent volume of flour particles within the size ranges <10 mum, 10-41 mum and 41-300 mum were predicted by NIR within +/- 2 standard errors for greater-than-or-equal-to 96% of the flours tested. RP HARELAND, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,HARD RED SPRING & DRUM WHEAT QUAL LAB,CEREAL CROPS RES,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 20 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1994.1058 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PM020 UT WOS:A1994PM02000008 ER PT J AU TOOLSON, EC ASHBY, PD HOWARD, RW STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW AF TOOLSON, EC ASHBY, PD HOWARD, RW STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW TI EICOSANOIDS MEDIATE CONTROL OF THERMOREGULATORY SWEATING IN THE CICADA, TIBICEN DEALBATUS (INSECTA, HOMOPTERA) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE THERMOREGULATION; PROSTAGLANDINS; EICOSANOIDS; BODY TEMPERATURE; CICADA, TIBICEN ID DICEROPROCTA-APACHE HOMOPTERA; SONORAN DESERT CICADA; FEVER; PROSTAGLANDIN-E1 AB Cicadas prevent body temperature from exceeding tolerable levels by a combination of behavioral responses and sweating. Sweating is activated when body temperature reaches a critical set-point temperature. We investigated control of sweating in the cicada, Tibicen dealbatus, by chemically manipulating biosynthesis of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. Injecting prostaglandins in amounts equal to those that induce behavioral fever in scorpions and crustaceans resulted in only a small increase in set-point temperature. Blocking prostaglandin biosynthesis with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors such as aspirin produced significant changes in set-point temperature, confirming that prostaglandins are involved in control of sweating. However, the effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors was not the opposite of the effect of prostaglandins. Instead, the effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors depended strongly on the value of setpoint temperature prior to treatment. Results of biochemical manipulations of other steps in eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways corroborated the results of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition and indicated that eicosanoids other than prostaglandins may be involved in control of body temperature in normothermic T. dealbatus. The effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors on a given set-point temperature depended on the ambient temperature experienced by cicadas during the experiment. Surprisingly, cicadas exposed to ambient temperatures greater than or equal to 40 degrees C delayed activation of sweating until body temperature exceeded values normally recorded from T. dealbatus in the field. Control of body temperature in normothermic cicadas is thus complex, involving inputs from body temperature sensors, ambient temperature sensors, and at least two cyclo-oxygenase-dependent regulatory pathways. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP TOOLSON, EC (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 164 IS 4 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1007/BF00346443 PG 8 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA PF845 UT WOS:A1994PF84500003 ER PT J AU TUNICK, MH AF TUNICK, MH TI EFFECTS OF HOMOGENIZATION AND PROTEOLYSIS ON FREE OIL IN MOZZARELLA CHEESE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FREE OIL; HOMOGENIZATION; MOZZARELLA CHEESE; PROTEOLYSIS ID MILK-FAT; FRACTIONS AB The effects of homogenization of cheese milk and proteolysis in cheese on formation and thermal properties of free oil in Mozzarella cheese were examined. The amount of free oil generated by heating Mozzarella depended on interactions between casein and fat. Homogenization of cheese milk greatly reduced free oil; homogenization of skim milk alone had no effect. When the milk was not homogenized, free oil formation increased with the percentage of fat in DM and protein breakdown. Thermal profiles of cheese fat, free oil, and milk fat were similar, although cheese fat melted at a higher temperature, and free oil from homogenized Mozzarella melted at a fewer temperature. Heat of fusion and fatty acid composition of free oil were not different from those of cheese fat. RP TUNICK, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2487 EP 2493 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PG746 UT WOS:A1994PG74600001 ER PT J AU HOLDEN, LA GLENN, BP ERDMAN, RA POTTS, WE AF HOLDEN, LA GLENN, BP ERDMAN, RA POTTS, WE TI EFFECTS OF ALFALFA AND ORCHARDGRASS ON DIGESTION BY DAIRY-COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DAIRY CATTLE; FORAGE; PASSAGE RATE; INTERNAL MARKER ID PARTICLE-SIZE REDUCTION; NEUTRAL-DETERGENT FIBER; RUMEN; CATTLE; LACTATION; PASSAGE; RATES; FLOW AB The effects of alfalfa and orchardgrass diets of similar NDF content on ruminal digestion and digesta kinetics as measured using radiolabeled herbage were evaluated in Holstein cows. Two dry and two lactating cows, fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were fed 12 times daily at restricted and ad libitum intakes, respectively, in a crossover design. Diets were 65:35 and 55:45 hay:concentrate in DM for alfalfa and orchardgrass, respectively, with approximately 19% CP and 42% NDF. The DMI by lactating cows was greater for the alfalfa diet than for the orchardgrass diet. Ruminal and apparent total tract digestibilities of NDF and ADF were less for cows consuming the alfalfa diet than for those on the orchardgrass diet. Particle size of ruminal digesta, based on specific activity from a ruminal pulse-dose of C-14-labeled alfalfa or orchardgrass, did not decrease consistently with time and was greater than fecal particle size, suggesting selective retention of large digesta particles before passage. Ruminal and total tract fractional passage rates of indigestible NDF, based on C-14-labeled forage, did not differ as a result of forage or lactation stage, but NDF gut fill was greater in lactating than in dry cows, indicating that changes in gut fill were related more to differences in intake than to passage rate. C1 USDA ARS,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2580 EP 2594 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PG746 UT WOS:A1994PG74600010 PM 7814728 ER PT J AU CASPER, DP SCHINGOETHE, DJ BROUK, MJ MAIGA, HA AF CASPER, DP SCHINGOETHE, DJ BROUK, MJ MAIGA, HA TI NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE AND UNDEGRADABLE PROTEIN-SOURCES IN THE DIET - GROWTH-RESPONSES OF DAIRY HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE UNDEGRADABLE PROTEIN; HEIFERS; NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES ID RUMINAL PROTEIN; SOYBEAN MEALS; ENERGY; CATTLE; COWS; PERFORMANCE; METABOLISM; CALVES AB Thirty-five 3-mo-old 150-kg Holstein heifers were fed diets containing two nonstructural carbohydrate sources (corn or barley) with two quantities of undegradable protein (soybean meal or extruded soybean meal) for 9 wk in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate NRC guidelines that the diet contain increased quantities of undegraded intake protein. Total mixed diets fed for ad libitum intake contained approximately 17.4% CP, consisting of 16.7% corn silage (DM basis), 33.3% chopped alfalfa hay, and 50% concentrate mix. Average daily gains were greater for heifers fed extruded soybean meal, but response was greater when heifers were fed barley-extruded soybean meal (1.12, 1.13, 1.05, and 1.23 kg/d for corn-soybean meal, corn-extruded soybean meal, barley-soybean meal, and barley-extruded soybean meal, respectively) than diets of barley-soybean meal. Extruded soybean meal increased DMI (5.9, 6.1, 5.2, and 6.7 kg/d), but DMI were similar when diets based on corn or barley were fed. Diets with greater concentrations of undegraded intake protein fed to dairy heifers resulted in greater DMI and average daily gains, but responses were greater when heifers were fed diets based on barley rather than corn. These results suggest that current NRC recommendations for undegraded intake protein fed to 3- to 6-mo-old dairy heifers are too high; diets containing 35 to 40% undegraded intake protein should be sufficient. C1 US ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,ENERGY METAB UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2595 EP 2604 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PG746 UT WOS:A1994PG74600011 PM 7814729 ER PT J AU DETILLEUX, JC KOEHLER, KJ FREEMAN, AE KEHRLI, ME KELLEY, DH AF DETILLEUX, JC KOEHLER, KJ FREEMAN, AE KEHRLI, ME KELLEY, DH TI IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF PERIPARTURIENT HOLSTEIN CATTLE - GENETIC-VARIATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC; IMMUNOLOGY; PARTURITION; CATTLE ID BOVINE POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SERUM; COMPLEMENT; MASTITIS; CASEIN; CONGLUTININ; DAUGHTERS; MODELS; PERIOD AB The genetic variability of blood neutrophil functions, lymphocyte blastogenic responses to mitogens, serum Ig concentrations, and serum complement and conglutinin activities was investigated from 35 d prepartum to 35 d postpartum for 137 Holstein cows. Periparturient cows experience an immunosuppression of various immunologic parameters at calving. Heritability estimates were obtained before, during, and after the episodes of immunosuppression. Significant genetic variability occurred in the periparturient changes for total number of neutrophils, neutrophil chemokinesis, assays of the neutrophil respiratory burst associated with phagocytosis (cytochrome c reduction, chemiluminescence, and iodination), serum concentrations of IgG(1), IgG(2), and IgM, and serum hemolytic complement activity. This variability implies that immune profiles could be used for the selection of cattle with improved innate immune response without adverse effects on milk productivity. These results should be considered tentative, however, because the number of observations included in the data were limited. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 28 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2640 EP 2650 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PG746 UT WOS:A1994PG74600016 PM 7814734 ER PT J AU BECERRIL, CM WILCOX, CJ WIGGANS, GR SIGMON, KN AF BECERRIL, CM WILCOX, CJ WIGGANS, GR SIGMON, KN TI TRANSFORMATION OF MEASUREMENTS PERCENTAGE OF WHITE COAT COLOR FOR HOLSTEINS AND ESTIMATION OF HERITABILITY SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COAT COLOR; HERITABILITY; HOLSTEIN ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ANIMAL-MODELS; VARIANCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPONENTS AB Percentage of white coat color was measured on registration certificates of 4293 Holstein heifers on eight dairy farms in Florida. Measurements of white percentage were by visual evaluation on one side of the upper body (head, neck, and trunk) only and obtained in increments of 5%. Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and skewness of white percentage were 25.6, 15, 0, 26.9, and 1.03. Distribution of white percentages showed lack of normality. Original data were transformed using an extension of the Box-Cox transformation to approach normality and to provide maximum likelihood estimators of the transformed parameters. Heritability estimates for percentages of white coat color were computed using derivative-free REML with an animal model. Estimates of heritability were .715 from untransformed data and .779 for transformed. Standard errors of estimates were slightly lower (.032 vs. .035) following transformation. Additional study to find an improved transformation procedure still seems warranted. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT DAIRY SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MATH,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2651 EP 2657 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PG746 UT WOS:A1994PG74600017 PM 7814735 ER PT J AU POWELL, RL WIGGANS, GR VANRADEN, PM AF POWELL, RL WIGGANS, GR VANRADEN, PM TI FACTORS AFFECTING CALCULATION AND USE OF CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR GENETIC MERIT OF DAIRY BULLS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC MERIT; BIAS; PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT; CONVERSION AB Factors affecting calculation and use of conversion equations were reviewed. Methods of expressing reliability of converted evaluations were surveyed. Of 16 countries responding, 6 did not calculate reliability for converted evaluations, 5 accepted reliability from the exporting country, and 5 assumed genetic correlations of .6 to 1.0 with the US. Genetic correlations between the US and 8 other countries were estimated and generally were greater than or equal to.9; estimated correlations between the US and Canada were 1.0. Estimated correlations averaged .93 for milk, .89 for fat, and .92 for protein yields. Correlation estimates were lowest for countries differing most from the US in management conditions (Australia, New Zealand) or trait definition (Germany), which suggests that correlation estimates <1.0 indicate differences in trait measurement as well as differences in biological expression. Conversion equations were computed from data of US and Canadian Holstein bulls with and against the gene flow. Equations against the gene flow generally had regression coefficients and intercepts lower than those calculated with the gene flow. Lower regression coefficients were explained by selection on the dependent variable. Lower intercepts were attributed to preferential treatment of daughters from imported semen, which would lower intercepts for equations against the gene flow and inflate intercepts with the gene flow. RP POWELL, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2679 EP 2686 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PG746 UT WOS:A1994PG74600021 PM 7814739 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, CK HARMON, DL CECAVA, MJ AF REYNOLDS, CK HARMON, DL CECAVA, MJ TI ABSORPTION AND DELIVERY OF NUTRIENTS FOR MILK PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS BY PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE BOVIDAE; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; NUTRIENT ABSORPTION; INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS; STEERS FED ALFALFA; TOTAL INTRAGASTRIC INFUSION; HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIETS; D-BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE; POST-STOMACH TISSUES; GROWING BEEF HEIFERS; DAIRY-COWS; AMINO-ACIDS AB The predictability of diet effects on milk composition is limited by the lack of understanding of the metabolic transformations that absorbed nutrients undergo within the portal-drained viscera and liver of high yielding dairy cows. The mass of splanchnic tissues increases dramatically in early lactation, but little is known about the regulation of gut growth and adaptation in early lactation, and further research may provide strategies for optimizing gut adaptation. Glucose is critical for milk synthesis, but portal-drained visceral tissues normally use rather than absorb glucose on a net basis. Dietary starch of low ruminal digestibility increases postruminal starch digestion and decreases net use of glucose by portal-drained viscera slightly, but increases in glucose absorption by portal-drained viscera never account fully for increases in starch disappearance from the small intestine and occur at the expense of VFA absorption. For cows in positive energy balance, greater glucose availability increases tissue energy balance and glucose oxidation, but has little effect on milk or milk protein yield. Similarly, chronic increases in propionate absorption have little effect on milk or milk protein yield. In contrast, casein infusion into the small intestine consistently increases milk and milk protein yield, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. There are few data describing the absorption and metabolism of AA by splanchnic tissues of lactating dairy cows, but, as for glucose and VFA, utilization of many AA by portal-drained viscera is substantial. In addition, the contribution of peptides to AA absorption and transport is uncertain and must be clarified. Therefore, measurements of nutrient disappearance from the lumen of the gut cannot be equated with nutrient appearance in the portal vein. Data describing metabolism of nutrients by portal-drained viscera and liver of high yielding dairy cows are needed to improve feeding standards. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ANIM SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP REYNOLDS, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,ROOM 123,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 171 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2787 EP 2808 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PG746 UT WOS:A1994PG74600031 PM 7814746 ER PT J AU KAUFFMAN, JB CUMMINGS, DL WARD, DE AF KAUFFMAN, JB CUMMINGS, DL WARD, DE TI RELATIONSHIPS OF FIRE, BIOMASS AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS ALONG A VEGETATION GRADIENT IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FIRE ECOLOGY; NUTRIENT LOSSES BY FIRE; SAVANNA FIRES; TROPICAL ECOLOGY ID FOREST; DEFORESTATION; ATMOSPHERE; AMAZON AB 1 The variable structure and mass of vegetation, nutrient pools, and responses to fire were quantified along a common vegetation gradient from grassland (campo limpo) to open evergreen woodland (cerrado sensu stricto) in the Brazilian Cerrado. 2 The biomass of the fuel loads (i.e. that proportion of the above-ground biomass susceptible to combustion) ranged from 7128 kg ha(-1) in campo limpo to 10031 kg ha(-1) in cerrado sensu stricto. Grasses comprised 91-94% of the total above-ground biomass in the campo limpo and campo sujo grasslands. In the campo cerrado and cerrado sensu stricto communities, graminoids comprised only 27% of the fuel load biomass; the remainder was composed of deadwood (18%), dicot leaf litter (36%), dicots and shrub leaves (18%). 3 Fires consumed greater than or equal to 97% of the above-ground biomass in the grasslands, but only 72 and 84% of the fuel load in campo cerrado and cerrado sensu stricto, respectively. The total residual mass (uncombusted fuels and ash combined) was < 8% of the prefire mass in campo limpo and campo sujo but was greater than or equal to 36% in the campo cerrado and cerrado sensu stricto. A circular relationship existed between vegetation composition, fuel composition, and fire behaviour. For example, fire-line intensity was significantly greater in grasslands, which would facilitate grass dominance by increasing above-ground tissue damage of trees and shrubs. (4) Within the fuel load, a consistently increasing pool size of N, P, C, and S was measured along the gradient from campo limpo to cerrado sensu stricto. Total mass of N increased from 24 to 55 kg ha(-1), total mass of P increased from 1.7 to 3.5 kg ha(-1), and total mass of C increased from 3389 to 4657 kg ha(-1). This trend was reversed for K (i.e. 18.5 kg ha(-1) in Campo limpo to 13.8 kg ha(-1) in cerrado sensu stricto). 5 Carbon, N, and S were the nutrients that were consistently lost in the highest quantities during fire. Losses of P were intermediate, and K and Ca were negligible. 6 The percentage of the above-ground N, C, and S pools that were lost by fire decreased along the vegetation gradient from campo limpo to cerrado sensu stricto. For example, greater than or equal to 90% of the N pool was lost by fire in the grasslands while < 56% of the N pool was lost in the tree-dominated communities. Total site loss (kg ha(-1)) of all nutrients was not significantly different among the vegetation types. However, significantly greater quantities of nutrients were lost as particulates in Cerrado sensu stricto while significantly greater quantities of nutrients were volatilized during fire in Campo limpo. 7 Nitrogen pools located in soils to a 10 cm depth ranged from 656 to 1670 kg ha(-1). Of the total N pool consisting of fuel loads and soils, the proportion in fuels ranged from 1.4% in campo limpo to 4.0% in cerrado sensu stricto. Fires resulted in ecosystem losses of < 3.8% of this pool. Ecosystem losses of this magnitude are likely to be compensated for by natural nutrient inputs in one to three years. C1 US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES STN, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA. RP KAUFFMAN, JB (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 42 TC 163 Z9 172 U1 7 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 82 IS 3 BP 519 EP 531 DI 10.2307/2261261 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF542 UT WOS:A1994PF54200009 ER PT J AU BURKART, MR OBERLE, SL HEWITT, MJ PICKUS, J AF BURKART, MR OBERLE, SL HEWITT, MJ PICKUS, J TI A FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL AGROECOSYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION USING THE NATIONAL RESOURCES INVENTORY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER; HERBICIDES AB An agroecological framework is used to examine the relations among natural resources and agriculture. Spatial representation of selected agroecosystems characteristics was accomplished using the National Resources Inventory (NRI). Natural resource and anthropogenic variables from the NRI were spatially aggregated to produce maps showing the regional variability in area-weighted values of agroecosystem components. Maps of natural vegetation, agricultural land use, crop diversity, artificial drainage, irrigation, net soil loss, and conservation practices show the extent to which resources have been modified to support agriculture in the Midwest. The frequency of land used for crops and pasture exceeds 70% in much of the region. Natural vegetation occupies less than 10% of the land in many areas. Subsurface and surface drainage, more than 35% of some areas, has contributed to loss of wetlands having a direct effect on water quality. Irrigation has diverted water from natural ecosystems and increased the potential for leaching of agrichemicals. Excess erosion may threaten long-term productivity in parts of the region even though conservation practices have been implemented. Examination of these and other elements in an agroecosystem framework may be useful in the search for systems to sustain agriculture and natural resources in the region. Such a framework can also be used to locate areas where mitigation of degraded resources is most needed; identify areas where research into causes of degradation can yield the most information; and where policies to improve off-site damage may be most effectively implemented. C1 USDA,ES,AMES,IA 50011. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP BURKART, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,232 NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 866 EP 874 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG295 UT WOS:A1994PG29500001 ER PT J AU MOORE, PA REDDY, KR AF MOORE, PA REDDY, KR TI ROLE OF EH AND PH ON PHOSPHORUS GEOCHEMISTRY IN SEDIMENTS OF LAKE OKEECHOBEE, FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EARLY DIAGENESIS; PHOSPHATE; SOILS; IRON; WATER; IONS AB Increase in total P levels in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, have given rise to concern over eutrophication. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of redox potential and pH on the solubility of P in lake sediments. Bulk sediment samples were obtained from the mud zone of Lake Okeechobee and were equilibrated under controlled conditions at fixed Eh and pH levels. The pH levels evaluated were 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5; the Eh levels studied were 500, 250, 0, and -250 mV. Redox reactions were very important in the regulation of P in Lake Okeechobee sediments. Under oxidized conditions, soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations were low (almost-equal-to 0.1 mg P L-1), whereas under reducing conditions SRP increased to over 1 mg P L-1. Soluble reactive P was extremely high (18 mg P L-1) under acidic (pH 5.5), reducing (Eh < 0 mV) conditions. Water soluble Fe was highly correlated to water soluble P, implicating it as a possible agent governing P behavior. Sodium hydroxide-extractable P (Fe and Al bound) increased with increases in Eh, which indicated Fe phosphate precipitation or adsorption of P by Fe oxides or hydroxides. This was supported by mineral equilibria calculations, which showed porewaters were supersaturated with respect to strengite under oxidized conditions. Calcium-bound P was higher under reducing conditions. The results suggest that Fe phosphate precipitation controls the behavior of P in Lake Okeechobee sediments under oxidizing conditions, whereas Ca phosphate mineral precipitation governs P solubility under reducing conditions. These results also suggest that large fluxes of P from the sediment could occur if the lake water column were to experience low dissolved O2 levels, due to the reduction and subsequent solubilization of ferric phosphate minerals in surficial sediments. Measurements of P fluxes from intact sediment cores and porewater SRP profiles taken in situ supported this hypothesis. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP MOORE, PA (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,PLANT SCI 115,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 37 TC 164 Z9 186 U1 7 U2 51 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 955 EP 964 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG295 UT WOS:A1994PG29500015 ER PT J AU MILLER, JE PURSLEY, WA HEAGLE, AS AF MILLER, JE PURSLEY, WA HEAGLE, AS TI EFFECTS OF ETHYLENEDIUREA ON SNAP BEAN AT A RANGE OF OZONE CONCENTRATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY; POLLUTION; PLANTS; RADISH; YIELD; FIELD; EDU AB Ethylenediurea (EDU) {N-[2-(2-Oxo-1-imidazolidinyl)ethyl]-N'-phenylurea} often protects plants from visible foliar injury due to the air pollutant O3, and it has been used to demonstrate yield losses from 03 under field conditions. A few studies, however, have indicated that EDU can suppress plant growth and yield. Because of the potential value of EDU as a research and assessment tool, controlled field experiments with snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'BBL-290') were performed to test the effectiveness of different EDU application rates across a range Of O3 concentrations. Four O3 concentrations were used in open-top chambers in each of two experiments [charcoal-filtered (CF) air, nonfiltered (NF) air, and nominal O3 additions of 0.025 and 0.05 or 0.03 and 0.06 muL L-1 O3 to NF air]. Ethylenediurea was added biweekly to the potting medium (four applications per experiment) as a soil drench. The EDU treatment concentrations were 0, 14, 28, 56, and 120 and 0, 8, 16, and 32 mg EDU (active) L-1 of potting medium in experiments one and two, respectively. Ethylenediurea provided some protection against O3-induced foliar injury and growth suppression in both experiments. Measurements of net carbon exchange rate (NCER) and carbohydrate status of the tissues reflected the protective effects of EDU. In the first experiment, however, EDU caused visible foliar injury at some growth stages and suppressed growth. In the second experiment, visible foliar injury was not caused by EDU at any concentration, but pod biomass (yield) was suppressed by EDU in CF chambers. The differences in response to EDU between the experiments may have been due to environmental conditions (i.e., hot and dry during the first experiment and cooler during the second). Ethylenediurea also affected biomass partitioning in the plants grown in CF air (relative biomass was increased in leaves and decreased in pods). The results indicate that although EDU does protect or partially protect snap bean against O3 injury, it may also affect physiology and growth. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MILLER, JE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1082 EP 1089 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG295 UT WOS:A1994PG29500032 ER PT J AU PRUEGER, JH PFEIFFER, RL AF PRUEGER, JH PFEIFFER, RL TI PRELIMINARY TESTS OF A LABORATORY CHAMBER TECHNIQUE INTENDED TO STIMULATE PESTICIDE VOLATILITY IN THE FIELD SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; EVAPORATION; DIELDRIN; LINDANE; RATES AB Pesticides volatilize into the atmosphere in measurable quantities and concentrations; however, reliable methods of trapping pesticide vapors are not readily available. Laboratory simulations of field pesticide volatilization can provide information from which inferences can be made regarding actual field-scale volatilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate a simple laboratory technique that can be used to simulate field volatilization of pesticide vapor, in this particular case metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] vapor. In addition, this study was also used to evaluate the trapping efficiency of XAD-8 sorbent resin for metolachlor. A custom-designed volatilization chamber consisting of a 1.5-L bell-shaped jar was fitted with a vacuum air check valve. The chamber was connected to an air sampling tube that was filled with a polymeric resin, XAD-8, to trap metolachlor vapor. The air sampling tube was connected to a computerized air sampling pump, which could be programmed to sample air from the chamber at a variety of different flow rates and sampling intervals. The volatilization chamber was used inside of a controlled environment chamber to measure metolachlor volatilization from a glass surface over a 24-h period. Total metolachlor recovery averaged 102%. Total metolachlor volatilized under the controlled conditions of this study averaged 84%. Metolachlor trapped by the XAD-8 sorbent averaged 65%. The chamber design performed satisfactorily and when used inside a controlled-environment chamber provides a means of evaluating the effects of various microclimate parameters that influence pesticide volatilization. RP PRUEGER, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1089 EP 1093 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG295 UT WOS:A1994PG29500033 ER PT J AU GLAUBIG, R GOMEZ, A AF GLAUBIG, R GOMEZ, A TI A SIMPLE, INEXPENSIVE RAIN AND CANOPY THROUGHFALL COLLECTOR SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Note AB A field apparatus for collecting rain and canopy throughfall samples for volume and ion analyses was built and tested; detailed construction plans and material lists are included. Its advantages include simple wood and polyvinyl chloride pipe construction, low material costs, and an inert sample collector that remains covered until the rain begins. Covering the sample collector eliminates the collection of dry deposition, dust, and insects prior to a rain event. The triggering mechanism that exposes the collector opening consists of a counter-weighted cover that is released using water-soluble paper; no power source is needed. Laboratory tests determined the collector will trigger within the first 0.37-mm depth of rain (95% probability). Field comparisons of the collector with a nearby meteorological station rain gauge showed that identical amounts were measured (+/- 1 mm). RP GLAUBIG, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1103 EP 1107 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG295 UT WOS:A1994PG29500035 ER PT J AU ADLER, PR ARORA, R ELGHAOUTH, A GLENN, DM SOLAR, JM AF ADLER, PR ARORA, R ELGHAOUTH, A GLENN, DM SOLAR, JM TI BIOREMEDIATION OF PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS FROM WATER WITH PLANT-ROOT SURFACE PEROXIDASES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Note ID PROTEINS; REMOVAL; SOILS AB Peroxidases have been shown to polymerize phenolic compounds, thereby removing them from solution by precipitation. Others have studied the role of root surface associated peroxidases as a defense against fungal root pathogens; however, their use in detoxification of organic pollutants in vivo at the root surface has not been studied. Two plant species, waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (C. Mart) Solms-Laub.] and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), were tested for both in vitro and in vivo peroxidase activity on the root surface. In vitro studies indicated that root surface peroxidase activities were 181 and 78 nmol tetraguaiacol formed min-1 g-1 root fresh wt., for tomato and waterhyacinth, respectively. Light microscope studies revealed that guaiacol was polymerized in vivo at the root surface. Although peroxidase was evenly distributed on tomato roots, it was distributed patchily on waterhyacinth roots. In vitro studies using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the efficiency of peroxidase to polymerize phenols vary with phenolic compound. We suggest that plants may be utilized as a source of peroxidases for removal of phenolic compounds that are on the EPA priority pollutant list and that root surface peroxidases may minimize the absorption of phenolic compounds into plants by precipitating them at the root surface. In this study we have identified a new use for root-associated proteins in ecologically engineering plant systems for bioremediation of phenolic compounds in the soil and water environment. RP ADLER, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1117 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG295 UT WOS:A1994PG29500037 ER PT J AU FRIXIONE, E RUIZ, L UNDEEN, AH AF FRIXIONE, E RUIZ, L UNDEEN, AH TI MONOVALENT CATIONS INDUCE MICROSPORIDIAN SPORE GERMINATION IN-VITRO SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CELL MOVEMENT; MICROSPORA; MOTILITY; NOSEMA; PARASITES ID NOSEMA-ALGERAE MICROSPORA; CRAYFISH PHOTORECEPTORS; SCREENING-PIGMENT AB The relative capacity of Na+, K+ and Cl- to stimulate germination of spores of the microsporidian Nosema algerae, a pathogen of mosquitoes, was examined by ion substitution experiments. Sodium at 0.1 M was ineffective to produce the high percentage of germination that typically occurs with 0.1 M NaCl (the normal stimulation solution) if Cl- was substituted with the usually impermeant anions SO42-, HPO42-, or the organic acids oxalate, cacodylate, EGTA, MES and HEPES. However, substantial concentration- and pH-dependent germination was seen with Na2SO4 in the 0.2-0.8 M Na+ range. Similar results were obtained with solutions of K+ accompanied by impermeant anions. In contrast, the chloride salts of usually impermeant cations, like choline and triethanolamine, failed to germinate spores even at 0.8 M unless Na+ or K+ was independently added. The presence of 0.5 M choline chloride in the medium reduced the levels of Na2SO4 required to produce germination down to equivalence with those of Na+ in the normal stimulation solution. Monensin, a Na+ ionophore, facilitated the germination induced by a medium-level stimulus (0.04 M NaCl) in sonicated samples. These findings indicate that N. algerae spores germinate in response to the alkali metal cations, while Cl- plays a passive role by diffusing to maintain internal electroneutrality during cation influx. A possible mechanism of cation action in spore germination is suggested on the basis of these results and observations on other systems of intracellular motility. C1 INST POLITECN NACL,CTR INVEST & ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS,DEPT BIOL CELULAR,MEXICO CITY 07000,DF,MEXICO. INST POLITECN NACL,CTR INVEST & ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS,DEPT FISIOL BIOFIS & NEUROCIENCIAS,MEXICO CITY 07000,DF,MEXICO. RP FRIXIONE, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1994.tb06043.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300005 ER PT J AU FAYER, R ELLIS, W AF FAYER, R ELLIS, W TI QINGHAOSU (ARTEMISININ) AND DERIVATIVES FAIL TO PROTECT NEONATAL BALB/C MICE AGAINST CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM (CP) INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPTL THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20006. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300044 PM 7804241 ER PT J AU FAYER, R AF FAYER, R TI DEVELOPMENT OF A PRECOCIOUS STRAIN OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM IN NEONATAL CALVES SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV ID SELECTION RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S40 EP S40 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300043 PM 7804240 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CM AF ROGERS, CM TI AVIAN NEST SUCCESS, BROOD PARASITISM AND EDGE-INDEPENDENT REPRODUCTION IN AN ALASKAN WETLAND SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDATION; SONGBIRDS; DECLINE; BIRDS AB Nest predation, brood parasitism, and edge-dependent fledgling output were measured in four passerine species inhabiting Sheep Creek Valley, a large riparian shrub wetland near Juneau, southeastern Alaska. Frequency of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) fledglings in passerine broods and abundance of adult cowbirds were also measured in the valley and in nearby upland forest. The Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) and Swainson's Thrush (Catharus swainsoni) were single-brooded, while the Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) and American Robin (Turdus migratorius) were double-brooded. The Yellow Warbler had high (>90%), and the sparrow and robin intermediate (45-65%) nest success with both the apparent and Mayfield methods. Nest predation was a major cause of nest failure in air four species. No cowbirds (eggs, young, or adults) were found. Fledglings/nest was edge-independent in the Yellow Warbler and the sparrow and robin (latter two species pooled); the breeding bird community of Sheep Creek Valley is apparently not suffering edge-dependent nest predation and brood parasitism observed in other anthropogenic landscapes. One possible explanation of these results is thar southeastern Alaska is still geographically isolated from the burgeoning populations of nest predators and brood parasites in the lower 48 states and southern Canada. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP ROGERS, CM (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,DEPT SCI BIOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 65 IS 4 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PZ914 UT WOS:A1994PZ91400001 ER PT J AU DOLBEER, RA BELANT, JL AF DOLBEER, RA BELANT, JL TI DIFFERENTIAL BAND WEAR FOR MALE AND FEMALE LAUGHING-GULLS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Mass loss and wear of sizes 4A and 5 bands on male and female Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) collected at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York in 1991-1993 were analyzed. For band size 4A, there were significant differences in band mass between sexes for ages 2-6 yr. Bands on females lost a mean of 51 mg of mass per year (7.6% of original mass), greater than the 46 mg (6.8%) per year for bands on males. At age 6, size 4A bands on females averaged 2.43 numerals (of eight) showing edge wear compared to 0.68 numerals for males. In contrast to the findings for band size 4A on gulls 2-6 yr old, no significant differences in band mass or numeral wear were noted between sexes for band size 5 on gulls 7-8 yr old. The rate of mass loss for size 5 bands for years 6-8 (49 mg per year) is intermediate to that for size LW bands on males and females for years 2-6. At age 8, size 5 bands averaged 45.0% of their original mass. The significantly smaller diameters of female tarsi compared to males probably allowed size 4A bands to move and abrade more freely, causing the difference in band wear between Laughing Gull sexes. That no differences in wear were detected between sexes in size 5 bands might be related to these larger diameter bands allowing for equal movement on the tarsi of males and females. Extensive band loss for Laughing Gulls banded as chicks should begin at about age 9 or 10. Females wearing size 4A bands should begin losing bands 1 or 2 yr earlier than males. RP DOLBEER, RA (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 65 IS 4 BP 543 EP 550 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PZ914 UT WOS:A1994PZ91400020 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW BOYD, G AF THAYER, DW BOYD, G TI CONTROL OF ENTEROTOXIC BACILLUS-CEREUS ON POULTRY OR RED MEATS AND IN BEEF GRAVY BY GAMMA-IRRADIATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS CEREUS; POULTRY; RED MEATS; GRAVY; GAMMA IRRADIATION ID FOODBORNE DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RADIATION; PATHOGENS; HEAT AB The gamma-radiation resistance of five enterotoxic and one emetic isolate of Bacillus cereus vegetative cells and endospores was tested in mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM), ground turkey breast, ground beef round, ground pork loin and beef gravy. The D-10 values for B. cereus ATCC 33018 were 0.184, 0.431 and 2.56 kGy for logarithmic-phase cells, stationary-phase cells, and endospores at 5 degrees C on MDCM, respectively. Neither the presence nor absence of air during irradiation significantly affected radiation resistance of vegetative cells or endospores of B. cereus ATCC 33018 when present on MDCM. Irradiation temperature (-20 to +20 degrees C) did affect the radiation resistance of stationary-phase vegetative cells and to a limited extent that of spores on MDCM. Impedance studies indicated that surviving vegetative cells were severely injured by radiation. A dose of 7.5 kGy at 5 degrees C was required to eliminate a challenge of 4.6 x 10(3) B. cereus ATCC 33018 from temperature-abused MDCM (24 h at 30 degrees C). The radiation resistance of a mixture of endospores of six strains to gamma radiation was 2.78 kGy in ground beef round, ground pork loin and beef gravy, but 1.91 kGy in turkey and MDCM. The results indicate that irradiation of meat or poultry can provide significant protection from vegetative cells but not from endospores of B. cereus. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 57 IS 9 BP 758 EP 764 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PQ001 UT WOS:A1994PQ00100001 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL AF SMITH, JL TI TAENIA-SOLIUM NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE PORK TAPEWORM; TAENIA SOLIUM; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; PARENCHYMAL BRAIN CYSTICERCOSIS; LOS-ANGELES COUNTY; 2 RURAL-AREAS; CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ALBENDAZOLE THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA AB After many years as a relatively rare neurological disorder, Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) neurocysticercosis is now seen more frequently in patients in the United States. Humans are the definitive and only hosts of the tapeworm stage. The larval stage develops in the pig, the intermediate host, following ingestion of tapeworm eggs excreted in the feces of the tapeworm carrier. The larvae invade most tissues of the pig giving rise to a disease termed cysticercosis. When humans ingest raw or undercooked meat from cysticercotic pigs, taeniasis (tapeworm) results. Humans can also act as intermediate hosts if they ingest T. solium eggs present in contaminated food or water; cysticercosis, similar to that seen in pigs, develops. If the larvae invade the central nervous system, neurocysticercosis with ensuing neurological dysfunction results. Cysticercotic pigs are rarely found in the United States. Only three animals out of >88 million federally inspected pigs were diagnosed as cysticercotic in 1990. In the United States, the excellent sewage disposal system prevents access of pigs to human feces and infection of pigs by T. solium eggs is consequently rare. In Mexico, however, the mean rate for cysticercotic pigs in inspected slaughter houses during 1980-1981 was 1.55% and there is little reason to suspect that it has decreased. In rural areas of Mexico and South America where sewage disposal is limited, the number of cysticercotic pigs can be in excess of 5% and neurocysticercosis is a common disease in the human population. In such areas, pies are not penned or fed but depend on scavenging waste, including human waste, for food. Thus, the cycle of cysticercotic pigs infecting humans and tapeworm carriers infecting both humans and pigs is difficult to break in primitive rural areas. The incidence of neurocysticercosis is increasing in the United States due to an influx of immigrants from areas where T. solium is endemic. Most patients presenting with neurocysticercosis are of Mexican origin and probably acquired their disease in Mexico. However, several cases have been reported in people who have no history of travel to endemic areas and who were probably infected through ingestion of food pre pared by an unhygienic food preparer who was also tapeworm carrier. In this review, the life cycle of T. solium, parasite transmission, incidence of T. solium-related disease in pigs and humans, the disease process, drugs used in treatment, detection T. solium and destruction of T. solium eggs and cysticerci in foods are discussed. Food microbiologists must be aware of the increasing importance of T. solium as a disease agent and how to control T. solium-related diseases. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 133 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 57 IS 9 BP 831 EP 844 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PQ001 UT WOS:A1994PQ00100016 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL MILLER, FC COOKE, PH CHOI, SW AF SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL MILLER, FC COOKE, PH CHOI, SW TI ENZYMATIC BROWNING CONTROL IN MINIMALLY PROCESSED MUSHROOMS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENZYMATIC BROWNING; MUSHROOMS; MINIMALLY PROCESSED; SODIUM ERYTHORBATE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; AGARICUS-BISPORUS; CANNED MUSHROOMS; TYROSINASE; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; ISOENZYMES; INHIBITION; HARVEST; FOODS AB Treatments to control discoloration of minimally processed mushrooms were investigated. Whole or sliced mushrooms were immersed in browning inhibitor solutions and evaluated for color change during storage. Browning was more intense in first break mushrooms than in second, and in unwashed mushrooms compared to washed. However, washing sometimes induced purple discolorations, associated with bacterial lesions. Other discolorations were induced by hypochlorite, 4-hexylresorcinol, and acidic dips. The most effective treatment was a combination of sodium erythorbate, cysteine, and EDTA at pH 5.5. Addition of preservatives to browning inhibitor dips did not improve storage life. However, dipping in 5% hydrogen peroxide prior to application of browning inhibitors significantly increased shelf-life. C1 SYLVAN FOODS INC,KITTANNING,PA. RP SAPERS, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 38 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 18 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1042 EP 1047 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08185.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PP035 UT WOS:A1994PP03500027 ER PT J AU MAGILL, AW AF MAGILL, AW TI WHAT PEOPLE SEE IN MANAGED AND NATURAL LANDSCAPES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID ISSUES; BEAUTY RP MAGILL, AW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PSW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 92 IS 9 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PF345 UT WOS:A1994PF34500009 ER PT J AU DESTEIGUER, JE AF DESTEIGUER, JE TI CAN FORESTRY PROVIDE THE GREATEST GOOD OF THE GREATEST NUMBER SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP DESTEIGUER, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,1509 VARSITY DR,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 92 IS 9 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PF345 UT WOS:A1994PF34500011 ER PT J AU WENGER, KF AF WENGER, KF TI PLANNING AND THE PUBLIC - THE GEORGE-WASHINGTON-NATIONAL-FOREST SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 92 IS 9 BP 26 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PF345 UT WOS:A1994PF34500012 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, JC SCHIEBE, FR COOPER, CM HARRINGTON, JA AF RITCHIE, JC SCHIEBE, FR COOPER, CM HARRINGTON, JA TI CHLOROPHYLL MEASUREMENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT USING BROAD-BAND SPECTRAL SENSORS ABOARD SATELLITES SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INLAND WATER-QUALITY; THEMATIC MAPPER; DIGITAL DATA; RADIANCE; MSS; ALGORITHMS; LAKE AB Concentrations of chlorophyll-a in waters with high average annual concentrations of suspended sediment were measured in three lakes and compared with broad band Landsat MSS satellite digital data for 104 dates between December 1976 and August 1988. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.3 to 211 mg.m(-3) for 452 measurements. Concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 1 to 867 mg.l(-1) in the same samples. In general, chlorophyll-a concentrations were inversely related to suspended sediment concentrations. Radiance and reflectance calculated from the four MSS bands increased as a function of increasing concentrations of suspended sediment. Radiance and reflectance were inversely related to the concentration of chlorophyll-a, but the relationships were not statistically significant. This study indicated that the measurement of chlorophyll-a with broad band (100 nanometer) MSS data in waters dominated by suspended sediments is not effective since the detection of the increased absorption or reflectance of radiation due to chlorophyll-a is masked by the spectral reflectance due to suspended sediments. In order to quantitatively determine chlorophyll by remote sensing in systems dominated by suspended sediment high spectral resolution information (10 to 15 nm band widths) at approximately 675 and 705 nanometers (nm) will be required. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GEOG,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP RITCHIE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BARC-W BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 9 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1080/02705060.1994.9664887 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PN085 UT WOS:A1994PN08500005 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, MM HADLOW, WJ HUFF, TP WELLS, GAH DAWSON, M MARSH, RF GORHAM, JR AF ROBINSON, MM HADLOW, WJ HUFF, TP WELLS, GAH DAWSON, M MARSH, RF GORHAM, JR TI EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION OF MINK WITH BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; VIRUS; MICE AB To determine whether the aetiological agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is pathogenic for mink, standard dark mink were inoculated with coded homogenates of bovine brain from the U.K. Two homogenates were from cows affected with BSE. The third was from a cow that came from a farm with no history of having had BSE or having been fed ruminant-derived, rendered by-products, the proposed vehicle for introduction of the BSE agent. Each homogenate was inoculated intracerebrally into separate groups of mink and a pool of the three was fed to a fourth group. Signs of neurological disease appeared in mink an average of 12 months after intracerebral inoculation and 15 months after feeding. Decreased appetite, lethargy and mild to moderate pelvic limb ataxia were the predominant clinical signs, quite unlike the classic clinical picture of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME). Microscopic changes in brain sections of most affected mink were those of a scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathy. Vacuolar change in grey matter neuropil was accompanied by prominent astrocytosis. Varying greatly in severity from one mink to another, the degenerative changes occurred in the cerebral cortex, dorsolateral gyri of the frontal lobe, corpus striatum, diencephalon and brainstem. Although resembling TME, the encephalopathy was distinguishable from it by less extensive changes in the cerebral cortex, by more severe changes in the caudal brainstem and by sparing of the hippocampus. The results of this study extend the experimental host range of the BSE agent and demonstrate for the first time the experimental oral infection of mink with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent from a naturally infected ruminant species. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CENT VET LAB,ADDLESTONE KT15 3NB,SURREY,ENGLAND. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ANIM HLTH & BIOMED SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP ROBINSON, MM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,BUSTAD 337,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Dawson, Michael/C-5669-2011 NR 17 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 75 BP 2151 EP 2155 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-75-9-2151 PN 9 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA PF543 UT WOS:A1994PF54300002 PM 8077914 ER PT J AU STOMMEL, JR HAYNES, KG AF STOMMEL, JR HAYNES, KG TI INHERITANCE OF BETA-CAROTENE CONTENT IN THE WILD TOMATO SPECIES LYCOPERSICON CHEESMANII SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID GREEN RP STOMMEL, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 85 IS 5 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PK780 UT WOS:A1994PK78000009 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, CH NEARY, DG HARRIS, LD AF GREENBERG, CH NEARY, DG HARRIS, LD TI A COMPARISON OF HERPETOFAUNAL SAMPLING EFFECTIVENESS OF PITFALL, SINGLE-ENDED, AND DOUBLE-ENDED FUNNEL TRAPS USED WITH DRIFT FENCES SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE WALES RIDGE; FLORIDA; FIRE AB We assessed the relative effectiveness of pitfalls, single-ended, and double-ended funnel traps at 12 replicate sites in sand pine scrub using drift fence arrays. Pitfalls captured fewer species but yielded more individuals of many species and higher average species richness than funnel traps. Pitfalls and funnel traps exhibited differential capture bias probably due to differences in behavior or morphology. More surface-active lizards, frogs, and small semifossorial herpetofaunal species were captured in pitfalls whereas captures of large snake species were restricted to funnel traps. Double-ended funnel traps captured twice as many large snakes as single-ended funnel traps. All three trap types yielded similar estimates of relative abundance of lizards and frogs but not snakes. Estimates of relative abundance of large snakes were higher for double-ended funnel traps than pitfalls or single-ended funnel traps. Pitfall and funnel traps yield complementary results, and choice of type(s) depends on target species and sampling goals. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP GREENBERG, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,CTR INTENS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ASSESSMENT,POB 14524,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 18 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 17 PU SOC STUD AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA DEPT OF ZOOLOGY MIAMI UNIV, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.2307/1564530 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PF821 UT WOS:A1994PF82100006 ER PT J AU HIREMATH, S LEHTOMA, K NAGARAJAN, M AF HIREMATH, S LEHTOMA, K NAGARAJAN, M TI CDNA CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF THE LARGE SUBUNIT OF JUVENILE HORMONE-REGULATED VITELLOGENIN FROM LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; VITELLOGENIN; MESSENGER-RNA; JUVENILE HORMONE; FENOXYCARB; CLONING; SEQUENCE 5'-RACE; EXPRESSION ID YOLK PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; EGG MATURATION; MESSENGER-RNA; GENE FAMILY; GYPSY-MOTH; CHICKEN; MELANOGASTER AB The 5.4 kb RNA enriched in mRNA coding for the large subunits of vitellogenin (VgL mRNA) in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) was purified, and used to construct a cDNA library. One of the clones, pVL-80, had sequences representing an internal region of VgL mRNA. The cDNA representing the 5'-terminal region of VgL mRNA was isolated by 5'-RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends), and found to contain sequences encoding the N-terminal amino acid sequence of Vg 190. The insert in pVL-80 was 822 bp long and had an open reading frame (ORF) extending beyond the insert in both directions. In vitro expression of the ORF produced a 32 kDa protein which reacted with Vg 190 antiserum. Southern analysis of gypsy moth genomic DNA suggested that a single copy of the VgL gene is present per genome. The pVL-80 was demonstrated to be useful as a specific and sensitive probe to investigate developmental and juvenile hormone regulation of VgL mRNA in the fat body. RP HIREMATH, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 40 IS 9 BP 813 EP 821 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(94)90011-6 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA PJ299 UT WOS:A1994PJ29900011 ER PT J AU DEGRUGILLIER, ME AF DEGRUGILLIER, ME TI TESTICULAR MICROORGANISMS IN HELIOTHIS - ULTRASTRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION IN H-VIRESCENS, HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA, F1-HYBRID, AND BACKCROSS MALES SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS; F1 TESTES; BACKCROSS TESTES; MICROORGANISMS; EUPYRENE SPERM; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; COXIELLA-BURNETII; REPRODUCTIVE INCOMPATIBILITY; RICKETTSIA; TESTES; CELLS; HOST; ARTHROPODS AB Bacterial microorganisms were found in the testis lumen of three groups of F-1 hybrid males and in first and second generation backcross (BC1 and BC2) males involving the interspecific cross Heliothis subflexa (female) x Heliothis virescens (male). Three pleomorphic forms (dense bodies, initial bodies, and intermediate bodies) were identified in adult moths of these groups, but only dense bodies were present in H. virescens and H. subflexa males. The intermediate form was not observed in either of the parental species and was only rarely seen in late-generation BC males. Intermediate bodies were absent from larval and pupal testes in each of the groups examined (F-1, H. subflexa, H. virescens), but cytoplasmic forms in various developmental stages were observed in developing spermatids in pupal as well as adult testes. Spherical to oblong mitochondrial derivative bodies (MD bodies) were found associated with sperm of both species as well as in late-generation BC males. A hypothesis is presented to account for the presence of intermediate bodies in F-1 and early BC testes and for their absence in the parental species, According to this hypothesis, each of the parental species harbors a similar but genetically distinct organism whose development is inhibited within its own host but not in a foreign host environment. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP DEGRUGILLIER, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 64 IS 2 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1074 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PK180 UT WOS:A1994PK18000001 ER PT J AU BAKER, MD VOSSBRINCK, CR MADDOX, JV UNDEEN, AH AF BAKER, MD VOSSBRINCK, CR MADDOX, JV UNDEEN, AH TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VAIRIMORPHA AND NOSEMA SPECIES (MICROSPORA) BASED ON RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE DATA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYLOGENY; RIBOSOMAL RNA; MOLECULAR; SEQUENCE; PARSIMONY ANALYSIS; AMBLYOSPORA; AEDES SALINARIUS; PARATHELOHANIA ANOPHELIS; ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS; A-STEPHENSI; NOSEMA KINGI; N-LOCUSTAE; N-PYRAUSTA; N-ALGERAE; N-BOMBYCIS; N-DISSTRIAE; N-EPILACHNAE; N-HELIOTHIDIS; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; D-WILLISTONI; MELANOPLUS DIFFERENTIALIS; LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA; OSTRINA NUBIALIS; VAIRIMORPHA NECATRIX; V-HETEROSPORUM; V-EPHESTIAE; BOMBYX MORI; MALACOSOMA AMERICANUM; HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA; HELICOVERPA ZEA; PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTATA; PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA; EPHESTIA ELUTELLA; HYALOPHORA CECROPIA; EUCLEA DELPHINI; EPILACHNA VARIVESTIS; LYMANTRIA DISPAR AB A portion (approximately 350 nucleotides) of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 5' to the 580 region (Escherichia coli numbering) was sequenced using the reverse transcriptase dideoxy method and compared for several species of Nosema and Vairimorpha. Comparison among Nosema species suggests that this genus is composed of several unrelated groups. The group which includes the type species, Nosema bombycis, consists of closely related species found primarily in Lepidoptera. Other Nosema species sequenced (Nosema kingi, Nosema algerae, and Nosema locustae) do not appear to be closely related to each other or to the lepidopteran Nosema group. Comparison among the Vairimorpha species indicates that two distinct but very closely related groups exist. The Lymantria group consists of species isolated from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, while the Vairimorpha necatrix group consists of species isolated from other Lepidoptera. Intergeneric comparison of the sequence data suggests that the lepidopteran Nosema species are closely related to the Vairimorpha species. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,OFF AGR ENTOMOL,URBANA,IL 61801. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,ECON ENTOMOL SECT,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP BAKER, MD (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 28 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 6 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 64 IS 2 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1077 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PK180 UT WOS:A1994PK18000004 PM 7963643 ER PT J AU ADAMS, JR SHEPPARD, CA SHAPIRO, M TOMPKINS, GJ AF ADAMS, JR SHEPPARD, CA SHAPIRO, M TOMPKINS, GJ TI LIGHT AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE MIDGUT OF GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE INFECTED WITH LDMNPV PLUS A FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; HISTOPATHOLOGY; ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; LEPIDOPTERA; BACULOVIRUSES; HOSTS C1 NICHHD,CELLULAR & MOLEC NEUROPHYSIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM FATE & EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP ADAMS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 64 IS 2 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1089 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PK180 UT WOS:A1994PK18000016 ER PT J AU LI, ZL MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ AF LI, ZL MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ TI ANALYSIS OF HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS BY A MODIFIED GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS METHOD SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN SUBSPECIES; HDL CHOLESTEROL ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; IMMUNOAFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEART-DISEASE; C-III; PLASMA; CHOLESTEROL; SERUM; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB A high resolution electrophoretic method has been developed to separate plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles by size using 4-30% polyacrylamide agarose (PAA) gradient gels, Sudan black B staining, and laser densitometry. Fourteen distinct HDL bands were observed with HDL-1 being designated as the largest particle and HDL-14 as the smallest particle. HDL-1 was similar in size to ferritin (Stokes diameter 12.2 nm), HDL-8 to catalase (9.2 nm), and HDL-13 to lactate dehydrogenase (8.1 nm). HDL-1 to HDL-7 were found within the density range of HDL(2b) (d 1.063-1.10 g/ml), HDL-8 to HDL-10 within HDL1, (d 1.10-1.125 g/ml), and HDL-11 to HDL-14 within HDL(3) (d 1.125-1.21 g/ml). On immunoblotting, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was found in all HDL bands examined, being most prominent in HDL-6, 11, and 12. ApoA-II was not detected in HDL bands 1-5, but was present in all other HDL bands and was most prominent in HDL-9. ApoE was detected mainly in HDL bands 1-7, and was observed in only trace amounts in other bands. Lp A-I isolated by immunoaffinity column chromatography from the plasma of five subjects contained five subspecies (HDL-5, 6, and 11-13), while Lp A-I/A-II also had five subspecies (HDL-8, 9, and 11-13) in these subjects. In normal subjects (n = 57) four or five HDL bands were generally observed, with HDL-9, 11, and 12 being the most frequently observed. Mean HDL particle score (method of sizing based on scanning densitometry, where low score indicates large size and high score indicates small size) was significantly correlated (P < 0.001) with the concentrations of HDL cholesterol (r = -0.796), HDL free cholesterol (r = -0.780), HDL cholesteryl ester (r = -0.683), HDL phospholipid (r = -0.663), HDL apoA-I (r = -0.577), and HDL protein (r = -0.459), but not with HDL triglyceride (r = 0.069). In addition, HDL particle score was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with HDL total mass (r = -0.649), HDL free cholesterol content (% of total mass, r = -0;608), HDL triglyceride content (r = 0.415), HDL phospholipid content (r = -0.359), and HDL protein content (r = 0.295), but not with HDL cholesteryl ester content (r = -0.219) or HDL apoA-I content (r = 0.183). Stepwise multiple regression analysis results indicated that HDL free cholesterol level (HDL(FC)) and content (%HDL(FC)) were the most important factors associated with HDL particle score. This methodology can be used to assess the effect of diet and drug therapy on HDL particle size as well as the relationship of this parameter with heart disease risk in population studies. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 35243, HV 83-03] NR 39 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1698 EP 1711 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PG303 UT WOS:A1994PG30300019 PM 7806982 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, SL KING, JW SNYDER, JM AF TAYLOR, SL KING, JW SNYDER, JM TI TANDEM SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DESERT BOTANICAL SPECIES, DALEA-SPINOSA SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; DALEA SPINOSA; DESERT SMOKE TREE ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LEAVES; CO2 AB Off-line and on-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) coupled with gas chromatography (GC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and mass spectrometry (MS) have been used to characterize the composition of extracts from the desert botanical species, Dalea spinosa. Off-line SFE conducted at pressures as high as 680 atm yielded odoriferous extracts similar in composition to an isopropyl alcohol-derived extract when the two extracts were characterized by SFC and GC/MS. SFC of the extracts revealed the presence of up to 18 components, GC/MS indicated six major compounds, and headspace GC/MS showed over 20 components. On-line micro-SFE/SFC was performed on single seeds of D. spinosa as well as dissected single seeds over the pressure range of 100-400 arm at 45 degrees C. SFE/SFC on portions of a single seed, such as the calyx or incised resin sac, indicated subtle differences in molecular composition. These results suggest that the resin sac is particularly enriched in many odoriferous compounds. RP TAYLOR, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 5 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1002/mcs.1220060506 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PU409 UT WOS:A1994PU40900005 ER PT J AU CARMI, R CARMELI, S LEVY, E GOUGH, FJ AF CARMI, R CARMELI, S LEVY, E GOUGH, FJ TI (+)-(S)-DIHYDROAERUGINOIC ACID, AN INHIBITOR OF SEPTORIA-TRITICI AND OTHER PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AND BACTERIA, PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID SUPPRESSION; WHEAT; AERUGINOSA; PYTHIUM; STRAIN AB Three antibiotics were isolated from a CH2Cl2 extract of the liquid culture of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PFM2. Two of the antibiotics were identified as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and pyoluterin. The structure elucidation, absolute stereochemistry, synthesis, and biological activities of the new antibiotic (+)-(S)dihydroaeruginoic acid IU are reported. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,RAYMOND & BEVERLY SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI,SCH CHEM,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. MINIST AGR,DEPT PLANT PROTECT & INSPECT,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1200 EP 1205 DI 10.1021/np50111a002 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PM715 UT WOS:A1994PM71500002 PM 7798954 ER PT J AU FODOR, A DEY, I FARKAS, T CHITWOOD, DJ AF FODOR, A DEY, I FARKAS, T CHITWOOD, DJ TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND DIETARY LIPIDS ON PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY-ACIDS AND MEMBRANE FLUIDITY IN STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACTERIUM; DIET; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE; FATTY ACID; FLUIDITY; FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; INSECT; LIPID; MEMBRANE; NEMATODE; PHOSPHOLIPID; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; TEMPERATURE; XENORHABDUS-NEMATOPHILUS ID PHYSICAL STATE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; RETICULUM; STORAGE; INSECTS AB The phospholipid composition of Steinernema carpocapsae was studied in relation to diet and culture temperature. When reared at 18 and 27.5 C on Galleria mellonella or on an artificial diet supplemented with lard, linseed oil, or fish oil as lipid sources, nematode phospholipids contained an abundance of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, with eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n - 3)) predominant, regardless of the fatty acid composition of the diet. Because the level of linolenic acid (18:3(n - 3)) in nematode phospholipids was very low and because eicosapentaenoic acid was present even when its precursor (linolenic acid) was undetectable in the diet, S. carpocapsae likely produces n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by de novo biosynthesis, a pathway seldom reported in eukaryotic animals. Reduction of growth temperature from 25 to 18 C increased the proportion of 20:5(n - 3) but not other polyunsaturated fatty acids. A fluorescence polarization technique revealed that vesicles produced from phospholipids of nematodes reared at 18 C were less ordered than those from nematodes reared at 27.5 C, especially in the outermost region of the bilayer. Dietary fish oil increased fluidity in the outermost region but increased rigidity in deeper regions. Therefore, S. carpocapsae appears to modify its membrane physical state in response to temperature, and eicosapentaenoic acid may be involved in this response. The results also indicate that nematode membrane physical state can be modified dietarily, possibly to the benefit of host-finding or survival of S. carpocapsae at low temperatures. C1 HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, BIOL RES CTR, INST BIOCHEM, H-6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY. EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, INST GENET, H-1088 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W, NEMATOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 278 EP 285 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PH578 UT WOS:A1994PH57800004 PM 19279893 ER PT J AU TIMPER, P BRODIE, BB AF TIMPER, P BRODIE, BB TI EFFECT OF HIRSUTELLA-RHOSSILIENSIS ON INFECTION OF POTATO BY PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; HIRSUTELLA-RHOSSILIENSIS; MIGRATORY ENDOPARASITE; NEMATODE; NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGUS; POTATO; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; ROOT LESION NEMATODE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM AB We evaluated the ability of the nematode-pathogenic fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to reduce root penetration and population increase of Pratylenchus penetrans on potato. Experiments were conducted at 24 C in a growth chamber. When nematodes were placed on the soil surface 8 cm from a 14-day-old potato cutting, the fungus decreased the number entering roots by 25%. To determine the effect of the fungus on population increase after the nematodes entered roots, we transplanted potato cuttings infected with P. penetrans into Hirsutella-infested and uninfested soil. After 60 days, the total number of nematodes (roots and soil) was 20 +/- 4% lower in Hirsutella-infested than in uninfested soil. RP TIMPER, P (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 304 EP 307 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PH578 UT WOS:A1994PH57800007 PM 19279896 ER PT J AU PINKERTON, JN ALDERMAN, SC AF PINKERTON, JN ALDERMAN, SC TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ANGUINA-AGROSTIS ON HIGHLAND COLONIAL BENTGRASS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANGUINA-AGROSTIS; AGROSTIS-TENUIS; BENTGRASS; CROP LOSS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; NEMATODE; SEED-GALL NEMATODE; POPULATION DYNAMICS ID ANNUAL RYEGRASS TOXICITY; GALL; NEMATODES; AUSTRALIA; FUNESTA AB The epidemiology of Anguina agrostis was investigated in field plots of Colonial bentgrass (cv. Highland), Agrostis tenuis, near Corvallis, Oregon. Each October from 1990-92, nylon mesh pouches, each containing 10 galls, were buried in the field or placed on the soil surface in microplots. Pouches were collected monthly or bimonthly between December and June and nematodes per gall counted. Nematode egression from galls began in late March and was completed by mid-May, corresponding to the period of floral initiation in bentgrass. In 1991 and 1992, 0.09-m2 plots were inoculated with 0, 1, 5, 15, 50, 120, or 200 galls/plot. The disease severity (number of galls) and disease incidence (% seed heads with galls) increased linearly at inoculum densities below 50 galls/plot. At higher inoculum densities, disease increase approached an asymptote. In 1991, plots were established to determine the characteristics of disease spread. Disease foci were established by placing 0, 5, 50, or 500 galls along 30-cm sections of row in the fall. In July 1992, seed heads were harvested at 30 and 60 cm from each focus within and across plant rows. Most infestations were found within 30 cm of foci at all inoculum levels. At high inoculum densities, the distribution of galls was aggregated with the majority of galls located on less than 10% of the seed heads. These disease spread and incidence data suggest populations of A. agrostis increase slowly in bentgrass in Oregon. C1 USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD & RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP PINKERTON, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 315 EP 323 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PH578 UT WOS:A1994PH57800009 PM 19279898 ER PT J AU CONNICK, WJ NICKLE, WR WILLIAMS, KS VINYARD, BT AF CONNICK, WJ NICKLE, WR WILLIAMS, KS VINYARD, BT TI GRANULAR FORMULATIONS OF STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE (STRAIN ALL) (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA) WITH IMPROVED SHELF-LIFE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE; FORMALDEHYDE; FORMULATION; NEMATODE; PESTA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; SHELF LIFE; STORAGE; WATER ACTIVITY; WHEAT FLOUR AB Shelf life (nematode survival) of Steinernema carpocapsae (strain All) nematodes at 21 C in ''Pesta'' granules, made by a pasta-like process, was increased from 8 to 26 weeks by incorporating low concentrations of formaldehyde. Pesta samples containing an average of 427,000 nematodes/g were prepared with wheat flour (semolina or bread flour), kaolin, bentonite, peat moss, nematode slurry, and formaldehyde (0-1.4% w/w) and were dried to a water content of 23.6-26.9%. Nematodes emerged from Pesta (S. carpocapsae) granules when placed in water or on moist filter paper. Incorporation of 0.2% w/w formaldehyde (nominal; 0.05% by analysis) was optimum for increasing nematode survival in semolina-based Pesta, and also inhibited fungal growth on the granules. Bread flour Pesta samples prepared by formaldehyde addition to the nematode slurry prior to dough preparation, rather than by addition to a mixture of dry ingredients, had longer shelf life. Nematodes recovered from granules made with 0.2% formaldehyde and stored 20 weeks at 21 C caused 100% mortality of wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CONNICK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 352 EP 359 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PH578 UT WOS:A1994PH57800014 PM 19279903 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, WJ AF SCHROEDER, WJ TI COMPARISON OF 2 STEINERNEMATID SPECIES FOR CONTROL OF THE ROOT WEEVIL DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CITRUS; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE; NEMATODE; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; STEINERNEMA-RIOBRAVIS; STEINERNEMATIDAE ID NEMATODES; CITRUS AB Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser All strain was compared to Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston for control of the root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), in the laboratory and in potted citrus. In the laboratory bioassay, D. abbreviatus larvae were exposed to 30, 60, and 120 nematodes/cm3 in sand. Insect mortality 1 week after application was greater (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) for S. riobravis than for S. carpocapsae in the laboratory bioassay. In the greenhouse bioassay, D. abbreviatus larvae were exposed to 3 and 9 nematodes per cm3 of soil in potted citrus. Again, at each rate, mortality was greater (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) in pots treated with S. riobravis than in pots treated with S. carpocapsae. The results of this study suggest that S. riobravis is a better biological control agent against D. abbreviatus larvae in potted plants than S. carpocapsae. RP SCHROEDER, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 360 EP 362 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PH578 UT WOS:A1994PH57800015 PM 19279904 ER PT J AU DANIELS, PN AF DANIELS, PN TI REACHING OUT TO ALL AMERICA - COORDINATED NUTRITION EDUCATION ACROSS USDA PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE USDA; COORDINATION; NUTRITION EDUCATION AB This presentation briefly discusses how the USDA agencies work together to meet the nutrition education needs of our diverse population. Atwater's work in nutrition was characterized by an extensive cooperative program and this legacy has continued in USDA nutrition education efforts. Our challenge is not only to provide the consumer with accurate, appropriate, and effective nutrition education, but to also ensure that our efforts are in harmony with those of other agencies within and outside of the Department. The Complexity of the needs of society, the present awareness of social problems, and the scrutiny being applied to the use of public and private funds for these purposes dictates that viable interagency relationships must become the rule rather than the exception. Since the late 1970's USDA agencies have worked to expand cooperative efforts and establish mechanisms that facilitate coordination. This presentation will highlight the diversity of consumer needs for nutrition education, give examples of how the unique contributions of each USDA agency combine to meet consumer needs and discuss the major organizational structures which support interagency coordination. RP DANIELS, PN (reprint author), USDA,FOOD & NUTR SERV,DIV NUTR & TECH SERV,3101 PK CTR DR,ROOM 609,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22302, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1823 EP S1827 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600022 ER PT J AU DUPONT, J MATHIAS, MM AF DUPONT, J MATHIAS, MM TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS FOR NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS - LIPIDS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE LIPIDS; NUTRITION; FATTY ACIDS; STABLE ISOTOPE ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; CHAIN ELONGATION; LIVER; DESATURATION; SERUM; CELLS; OIL; N-3; MEMBRANE AB Recent advances in instrumentation and methodologies are redefining the study of lipid nutrition by allowing probing for subtle responses to marginal variations in nutrients. Stable isotope labeling studies allow demonstration of chain elongation, desaturation, chain shortening and resynthesis in humans. Essential fatty acid deficiency affects membrane physicochemical properties and membrane-bound protein activity. Understanding of the molecular functions of dietary fat has progressed to conceptualization of complex competing and complementary interactions and signals. The physical properties of lipids-insolubility in water and amphipathic qualities-underlie their physiological function. These findings will lead to new biomarkers of health status. C1 USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20251. RP DUPONT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NPS,BARC-W,BLDG 005,ROOM 332,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1743 EP S1746 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600008 ER PT J AU DWYER, JT AF DWYER, JT TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS IN FOOD COMPOSITION STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE FOOD COMPOSITION; FOOD SCIENCE; NUTRIENT DATA BASES ID LUNG-CANCER; HAWAII; DIET; RISK AB Food composition studies are essential for many purposes in nutrition, food science, and dietetics. This article reviews uses of food composition information in food labeling, nutrition education, dietary surveys, epidemiological studies, and dietary intervention trials. Research is needed to minimize the causes of variation between actual and measured diets. This involves minimizing errors in food sampling, chemical analysis, food composition table construction, nutrient data bases for food groups, and in computations using nutrient analysis systems. Critical knowledge relative to food composition necessary for food science experts, nutrition professionals and other professionals is discussed. Improving the reporting of food composition data will also require more attention by editors of journals: if they demand more documentation, they will get it. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP DWYER, JT (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,BOX 783,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1783 EP S1788 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600015 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, JF AF GUTHRIE, JF TI QUANTITATIVE NUTRITION EDUCATION RESEARCH - APPROACHES, FINDINGS, OUTLOOK SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE NUTRITION EDUCATION RESEARCH; DIETARY BEHAVIOR; NUTRITION-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ID DIETARY AB Quantitative nutrition education research assists nutrition educators first, by helping them understand the factors that influence dietary behavior, and second, by providing a systematic method of investigating the most effective methods for influencing dietary behavior to promote health. This paper discusses four broad categories of factors influencing dietary behavior: physiological factors, sociodemographic factors, behavioral and lifestyle factors, and knowledge and attitude factors. Research findings illustrating what can be learned from examination of each of these categories of factors are presented. The need for more unified, theory-based research on factors influencing dietary behavior is discussed and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Diet and Health Knowledge Survey is presented as a data set that can be used to carry out this type of research. Finally, the advantages of using both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to investigate methods of influencing dietary behavior are argued. RP GUTHRIE, JF (reprint author), USDA,ARS,BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1813 EP S1819 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600020 ER PT J AU MOE, PW AF MOE, PW TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS FOR ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS AND FOOD-ENERGY VALUES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; FOOD ENERGY VALUES; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; BASAL METABOLIC RATE ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; DIETARY FIBER; INDIRECT-CALORIMETRY; DENOVO LIPOGENESIS; EXPENDITURE; CARBOHYDRATE; WEIGHT; HUMANS; VALIDATION AB The energy values of foods have been expressed in units of metabolizable energy (ME) since Atwater's time. Atwater ''specific factors'' for protein, fat and carbohydrate of food groups are used to compute energy values for individual foods. Although remarkably successful for many years this system is changing in order to provide the means to predict the energy value of new foods and formulations containing food substitutes, bulking agents, sweeteners, etc. New methods of analysis will allow prediction of energy value of new and unusual foods from chemical analyses. Originally used to determine the needed food supply for whole populations, statements of energy requirements are now needed for diet formulation for individuals. The mean energy requirements of populations are very adequately defined by WHO and the NRC RDA's by establishing ratios of total energy expenditure to basal metabolic rate (BMR). These estimates have been validated by use of the doubly labelled water (DLW) method to measure energy expenditure of free-living subjects over periods of 10-14 days. Substantial improvement in the prediction of energy needs for individuals will require the means to quantify physical effort, resolve effects of body composition on basal metabolic rate, and define the extent of variation in use of metabolizable energy (ME) in non-steady state situations such as are caused by systematic changes in diet composition, body weight, and patterns of exercise. RP MOE, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,EPNL,B-308,RM 215,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1738 EP S1742 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600007 ER PT J AU MOSHFEGH, AJ AF MOSHFEGH, AJ TI THE NATIONAL-NUTRITION-MONITORING-AND-RELATED-RESEARCH-PROGRAM - PROGRESS AND ACTIVITIES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE NUTRITION MONITORING; NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING ADVISORY COUNCIL; NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING CHARTBOOK; DIRECTORY OF FEDERAL AND STATE NUTRITION MONITORING ACTIVITIES; 10-YEAR COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH AB The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 outlined a number of requirements for nutrition monitoring and research relevant to nutrition monitoring needs of today and tomorrow. The Department of Agriculture (USDA) along with the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) are charged with carrying out the requirements. The Act legally established the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program and numerous activities including development and implementation of a Ten-Year Comprehensive Plan and formation of the Interagency Board for Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research. Both requirements serve as the basis for planning and coordinating the activities of 22 Federal agencies that either conduct nutrition monitoring surveys and surveillance activities or are major users of nutrition monitoring data. As an advisory mechanism to both USDA and HHS, the law required establishment of a 9-member National Nutrition Monitoring Advisory Council. Progress and future activity plans for the Nutrition Monitoring Program are discussed. C1 USDA,ARS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1843 EP S1845 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600026 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, BL AF NICHOLS, BL TI ATWATER AND USDA NUTRITION RESEARCH AND SERVICE - A PROLOGUE OF THE PAST CENTURY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE ATWATER; HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH; CALORIC EQUIVALENCE; FEDERAL RESEARCH SUPPORT AB A century of scientific investigations into the ways that air reacts with carbon, led to the discovery of the conservation of mass and the energy equivalence of foods. Atwater synthesized existing knowledge, most of it based on his own investigations, to define the caloric equivalence of protein, fat, and carbohydrates; 4, 8.9, 4 per gram. His work was a continuation of a series of government research investments. This year we recognize the Centennial of the first such investment by the United States. The USDA supported research which resulted in Atwater's discovery of energy equivalence continues to guide today's applied nutrition programs. RP NICHOLS, BL (reprint author), TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1718 EP S1727 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600004 ER PT J AU PETERKIN, BB AF PETERKIN, BB TI USDA FOOD-CONSUMPTION RESEARCH - PARADE OF SURVEY GREATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE FOOD CONSUMPTION; SURVEY METHODS; HISTORY; DIETARY SURVEYS AB This paper recognizes some of the scientists who conducted food consumption surveys and related methodology research for USDA over the past century. Information presented is drawn from published documents, interviews with scientists, and personal experiences of the author. ''Survey greats'' are identified for each of six time periods starting with W. O. Atwater in the period prior to 1900. Their activities are traced along several lines: The purposes and populations for which they sought food consumption information; the techniques they used to select survey participants and to collect and analyze data; the nature of the country's food supplies; and the understanding, at the time, of the nutritional composition of foods and of what constituted a good diet. Over the past century many creative and dedicated food consumption researchers have advanced their science to meet the demands for dietary information, taking advantage of new technologies and statistical procedures. C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1836 EP S1842 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600025 ER PT J AU REEDS, PJ HUTCHENS, TW AF REEDS, PJ HUTCHENS, TW TI PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS - FROM NITROGEN-BALANCE TO FUNCTIONAL IMPACT SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE AMINO ACIDS; PROTEIN; IMMUNE FUNCTION; MILK DIGOPEPTIDES ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; HISTIDINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEIN; FED PRETERM INFANTS; GROWTH FACTOR-I; AMINO-ACID; NITRIC-OXIDE; HUMAN-MILK; INTACT LACTOFERRIN; OPIOID-PEPTIDES; GROWING-PIGS AB Today because of tools capable of probing the details of metabolism, we are able to study the utilization of amino acids in specific, physiologically important processes. Such information may lead to recommended dietary allowances for each amino acid specific for subpopulations and perhaps individuals. These new findings identify the metabolic end-products of some amino acids as crucial intermediates in the maintenance of a variety of physiological functions that bear no direct relationship to protein metabolism. The precursor amino acids for these intermediate compounds are either non-essential or conditionally essential and thus may play a specific, non-protein, role in amino acid requirements in individuals close to nitrogen equilibrium. Another exciting area arises from the marked dissimilarity between the amino acid composition of milk proteins and other body proteins, suggesting that some milk proteins may have evolved to serve unique functions through specific digestion products. Such products may be important in micronutrient absorption in the neonate. Thus, amino acid requirements appear to reach beyond the tradition areas of nitrogen and protein metabolism. RP REEDS, PJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CMRC,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 102 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1754 EP S1764 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600010 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, IH AF ROSENBERG, IH TI NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS FOR OPTIMAL HEALTH - WHAT DOES THAT MEAN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE DIETARY REQUIREMENTS; ALLOWANCES; OPTIMAL HEALTH AB In the half century since Dr. Hazel Stiebling of the USDA and her colleagues fashioned the first Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), the scientific insight underlying those allowances, including the work of Atwater, has resulted in an unprecedented stability of recommendations in the subsequent ten issues of the RDA. The same half-century has witnessed important newer developments in human nutrition relating diet and disease: the paradigmatic relationship being diet and heart disease. The quest for better recommendations to the public about diet and disease prevention has taken the form of national Dietary Guidelines and goals for the year 2000. Thus, nutrient recommendations in the RDAs have intersected with food and diet recommendations and the specific goals. Recommended Dietary Allowances have been called into focus once again. Definitions of optimal diets or health have been varied and imprecise. However desirable the goal may be to achieve vigorous health throughout the life cycle by appropriate diet and other lifestyle factors, we will not be able to avoid the critically based scientific method that formed the foundation for the sound nutritional recommendation of RDAs. RP ROSENBERG, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1777 EP S1779 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600013 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR AF TURNLUND, JR TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS FOR ESTABLISHING MINERAL TRACE-ELEMENT REQUIREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MINERAL; TRACE ELEMENT; REQUIREMENT; STATUS; HUMANS ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; YOUNG MEN; COPPER ABSORPTION; ZINC; RETENTION; NUTRIENT; DIETS AB The amount of an element needed to prevent frank deficiency may not be sufficient to support optimal nutrition, but amounts to support optimal nutrition have not been established. Minerals and trace elements are toxic in excess and the interval between the required and toxic amount of some elements is narrow. Thus, lower and upper limits of an optimal range must be established. Before establishing dietary recommendations to support optimal nutriture for minerals, we need (1) sensitive and reliable methods for assessing status of most elements and (2) a better understanding of the influence of nutrient and non-nutrient components of diets upon requirements. Functions such as immune function, anti-oxidant status, muscle strength, glucose metabolism, and blood clotting can be affected by inadequate or excessive amounts of an element and may be more sensitive than specific status indices, Since such functions are not specific, studies must be designed so that a cause and effect relationship between the mineral and the functional index can be established. Two approaches to mineral status assessment may be both sensitive and specific: (1) tests of metalloenzyme function and (2) tracer studies using stable isotopes of minerals. Not only can stable isotopes be used to follow the metabolic fate of a mineral without exposure to radioactivity, they can be used in conjunction with compartmental modeling to predict kinetics and pool sizes in tissues not accessible in humans. RP TURNLUND, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, POB 29997, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1765 EP S1770 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600011 ER PT J AU WELSH, S AF WELSH, S TI ATWATER TO THE PRESENT - EVOLUTION OF NUTRITION EDUCATION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT W O Atwater Celebration Symposium CY JUN 02-04, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, INT LIFE SCI INST, AMER INT NUTR DE HISTORY; NUTRITION EDUCATION; FOOD GUIDE; PYRAMID ID GUIDANCE AB W. O. Atwater charted a new course for nutrition education 100 years ago by using the scientific process to develop dietary guidance to improve public health and well being. Each of the areas of research to which Atwater gave leadership-nutrient requirements, food composition, food consumption, and consumer economics-are essential components in the development of dietary guidance. The emerging science of nutrition was translated into recommendations for a healthful diet by Caroline Hunt in 1916 in the first USDA food guide. Other familiar food guides were the ''Basic-7'' developed in the 1940's and the ''Basic-4'' from the 1950's. These early guides focused primarily on getting enough nutrients. By 1970, research was providing evidence of the role of excessive intakes of certain food components in the etiology of chronic disease. With the release of the ''Dietary Guidelines for Americans'' in 1980, work began on a new food guide to address both concerns about nutritional adequacy and overconsumption. Research involved development of a new food guide and a graphic to illustrate it. Although the time since the release of the new Food Guide Pyramid has been short, its wide acceptance by the professional community, industry, and the media promises to make it an effective nutrition education tool. RP WELSH, S (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,DIV NUTR EDUC,FED BLDG,ROOM 321,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1799 EP S1807 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600018 ER PT J AU COMBS, GF MERTZ, W AF COMBS, GF MERTZ, W TI W.O. ATWATER CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION SYMPOSIUM - AN EVALUATION OF PROGRESS IN HUMAN-NUTRITION - PROCEEDINGS FROM A SYMPOSIUM HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC JUNE 2-4, 1993 - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,COLL HLTH & HUMAN SCI,HATTIESBURG,MS. RP COMBS, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP U2 EP U2 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600001 ER PT J AU MILLER, HL NEESE, PA KETRING, DL DILLWITH, JW AF MILLER, HL NEESE, PA KETRING, DL DILLWITH, JW TI INVOLVEMENT OF ETHYLENE IN APHID INFESTATION OF BARLEY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA; WHEAT; METABOLISM; RESISTANCE AB The recently arrived Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is a major pest of wheat and barley in the United States. RWA induced ethylene production in Morex, a barley variety susceptible to RWA, but induced little ethylene production in PI 366450, a barley resistant to RWA. Greenbugs, another aphid pest, induced ethylene production in PI 366450 and Morex, both of which are susceptible to greenbugs. RWA infestation results in pronounced symptoms on barley including leaf streaking, stunting of growth, and rolled leaves. Incubation of barley in ethylene (5 and 50 mul/l) or other plant hormones (auxin, gibberellic acid, zeatin, kinetin, and abscisic acid at 10(-4) M) failed to produce streaking or rolling in uninfested plants or to alter the production of these symptoms in infested plants. Incubation of Morex and PI 366450 in ethylene caused some stunting of the leaves and internodes that emerged during or soon after ethylene incubation. However, the leaf and internode that emerged 9 days after incubation showed some compensatory, or increaed, growth. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1007/BF00226033 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY139 UT WOS:A1994PY13900001 ER PT J AU MINOCHA, R SHORTLE, WC LONG, SL MINOCHA, SC AF MINOCHA, R SHORTLE, WC LONG, SL MINOCHA, SC TI A RAPID AND RELIABLE PROCEDURE FOR EXTRACTION OF CELLULAR POLYAMINES AND INORGANIC-IONS FROM PLANT-TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; DNA-SYNTHESIS; WOODY PLANT; BIOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH AB A fast and reliable method for the extraction of cellular polyamines and major inorganic ions (Ca, Mg, Mn, K, and P) from several plant tissues is described. The method involves repeated freezing and thawing of samples instead of homogenization. The efficiency of extraction of both the polyamines and inorganic ions by these two methods was compared for 10 different tissues. In each case, the freeze-thaw procedure resulted in a precise and quantitatively equal, or greater, yield than homogenization. Freeze-thawing not only eliminates the need for various tissue homogenizers (such as polytrons, tissumizers, and mortars and pestles), but it is so simple that a large number of samples can be processed simultaneously. We routinely processed 50-80 samples for quantitation of polyamines and inorganic ions. Freeze-thawing was equally useful for the extraction of polyamines from liver, spleen, and kidney tissues of mice. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PLANT BIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP MINOCHA, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NEFES,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1007/BF00226036 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY139 UT WOS:A1994PY13900004 ER PT J AU PFISTER, JA MANNERS, GD GARDNER, DR RALPHS, MH AF PFISTER, JA MANNERS, GD GARDNER, DR RALPHS, MH TI TOXIC ALKALOID LEVELS IN TALL LARKSPUR (DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI) IN WESTERN COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; METHYLLYCACONITINE; POISONOUS PLANTS; CATTLE GRAZING ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; CATTLE; PHENOLOGY; RANGELAND; SITE AB Consumption of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi L. Huth.) can be fatal to cattle grazing mountain rangeland during summer. Tall larkspur contains many alkaloids, but virtually all the toxicity is caused by methyl succidimido anthranoyl lycoctonine-type (MSAL) diterpenoid alkaloids. We measured the concentration of MSAL alkaloids (% of dry matter) in tall larkspur in various phenological stages during 1990, 1991, and 1992 near Yampa, Colorado. The site represented tall larkspur-infested rangelands on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. Toxic alkaloid concentrations were greatest (0.4 to 0.6%) early in the growing season (bud stage). Toxic alkaloid concentrations were generally static during the flower and pod stages, or increased during the pod stage. Immature leaves had greater MSAL alkaloid concentrations early in the growing season compared to flowering parts. Alkaloid concentrations in pods were greater than in leaves (P<0.05; pod stage), as pod concentrations increased to 0.4% late in the growing season. In 2 of 3 years, plant parts did not differ in MSAL alkaloid concentrations, although weather conditions differed each year. Concentrations of toxic alkaloids did not seem to influence amounts of tall larkspur consumed by grazing cattle on the same sampling dates. Many livestock producers defer grazing of tall larkspur ranges until the plant is in the pod stage because of a general belief that toxicity is greatly reduced. Our results suggest that grazing tall larkspur ranges during the pod state may exacerbate cattle losses if MSAL alkaloid concentrations do not decrease, yet consumption by cattle increases. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 47 IS 5 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.2307/4002329 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF425 UT WOS:A1994PF42500004 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, DB RALPHS, MH EVANS, JO CALL, CA AF NIELSEN, DB RALPHS, MH EVANS, JO CALL, CA TI ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY OF CONTROLLING TALL LARKSPUR ON RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDES; PICLORAM; METSULFURON; GLYPHOSATE; DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI; D-ACCIDENTALE ID DELPHINIUM AB Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning of cattle poses a serious economic problem on many western rangelands. Losses varied from 1.5% to 12.3% of the grazing cattle over a 15-year period on the Manti Canyon grazing allotment. Three herbicides and different application methods were compared for control of tall larkspur. The 3 herbicides were: glyphosate [N-(phosphonmethyl) glycine]; picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid); and metsulfuron 2[[[[(4-methyoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triaxin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] benzoic acid. A boom type sprayer and a carpeted roller applicator were tested for the selective herbicides. Spot treatment and backpack sprayers were tested for the nonselective herbicide (metsulfuron). The internal rate of return was used to evaluate the economic feasibility of each alternative control method. A treatment was considered economically feasible if the internal rate of return was equal to or higher than the cost of borrowing money. Each treatment was evaluated for an assumed cattle death loss of 4.5% and 2.25%. A 10-year life was considered for each treatment. All of the herbicides and application methods tested were economically feasible. The internal rates of return varied from 14.23% to 133.38%. An internal rate of return above 100% occurs when the benefits in a single year exceeds the total cost of control. The cost of herbicides have increased considerably over the past few years, but they can still be used economically if treatment results in death loss reductions described in this study. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT LAB,LOGAN,UT. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP NIELSEN, DB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 47 IS 5 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.2307/4002332 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF425 UT WOS:A1994PF42500007 ER PT J AU FRASIER, GW COX, JR AF FRASIER, GW COX, JR TI WATER-BALANCE IN PURE STAND OF LEHMANN LOVEGRASS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SOIL MOISTURE; WATER CONTENT; ERAGROSTIS-LEHMANNIANA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees), an introduced warm season grass, has invaded grasslands in southern Arizona, in many areas replacing the native warm-season grasses. A water balance evaluation in a pure stand of Lehmann lovegrass showed that more soil water was used through evaportranspiration than occurred as precipitation during 2 years of a 3-year study period. During the winter season, an appreciable amount of water was used by Lehmann lovegrass or lost by evaporation from the soil surface. The remaining available soil water was used in the spring dry period. In the dry early spring the soil water contents (to depths of 120 cm) were less than the traditional wilting point tension of -1.5 MPa. The invasion of Lehmann lovegrass into grasslands of southern Arizona is partially related to its ability to utilize soil water during parts of the year when the native species are dormant and also to extract water from the soil profile to very low water contents. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR RES EXTENS CTR,VERNON,TX 76384. RP FRASIER, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCE RES UNIT,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 47 IS 5 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.2307/4002333 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF425 UT WOS:A1994PF42500008 ER PT J AU MUELLER, DM FORWOOD, JR AF MUELLER, DM FORWOOD, JR TI MECHANICAL DESPINING OF PLAINS PRICKLY-PEAR SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note DE CACTUS; RANGE IMPROVEMENT; OPUNTIA-POLYACANTHA; SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE AB Plains pricklypear cactus (Opuntia polyacantha L.) is abundant on the Central Great Plains, producing dry matter yields from 1,500 to 2,000 kg/ha. Although pricklypear is high in energy and palatable, long sharp spines make it, and vegetation immediately surrounding it, unavailable to livestock. The possibility of simultaneously controlling and feeding plains pricklypear led to development of machinery for harvesting and despining cactus. The mechanical despiner described here adequately removed spines from pads during periods of low relative humidity. Softening of cactus spines due to high relative humidity resulted in failure of the despiner to adequately remove spines. Cattle readily ate despined cactus in the winter when green forage was unavailable. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP MUELLER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CENT PLAINS EXPTL RANGE,CTY RD 37,NUNN,CO 80648, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 47 IS 5 BP 410 EP 412 DI 10.2307/4002340 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF425 UT WOS:A1994PF42500015 ER PT J AU KNITTLE, CE PAVELKA, MA AF KNITTLE, CE PAVELKA, MA TI HOOK AND LOOP TABS FOR ATTACHING A DHO-GAZA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CARLSBAD,CA 92008. RP KNITTLE, CE (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,BLDG 16,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 197 EP 198 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PL683 UT WOS:A1994PL68300014 ER PT J AU GEBHART, DL JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS POLLEY, HW AF GEBHART, DL JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS POLLEY, HW TI THE CRP INCREASES SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COVER; MATTER; CULTIVATION; GRASSLAND; DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; STORAGE AB The land use change from cropland to perennial grass cover associated with the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) may sequester atmospheric CO2 back into the soil carbon pool, thereby changing formerly cultivated soils from sources to sinks for atmospheric carbon. To evaluate the effect of CRP on soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, samples.from adjacent cropland, native pasture. and five year old CRP sites in Texas, Kansas, and Nebraska were analyzed. Across all locations, SOC levels for cropland, CRP, and native pasture were 59.2, 65.1, and 90.8 metric tons C ha-1 in the surface 300 cm, respectively. CRP lands gained an average of 1.1 tons C ha-1 yr-1 suggesting that the 17 million hectares of land enrolled in CRP may have the potential to sequester about 45% of the 38.1 million tons of carbon released annually into the atmosphere from U.S. agriculture. These findings illustrate that agricultural CO2 emissions may be effectively controlled through changes in land use and management systems. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP GEBHART, DL (reprint author), USA,CERI,ENB,POB 9005,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61826, USA. NR 28 TC 212 Z9 228 U1 4 U2 32 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 49 IS 5 BP 488 EP 492 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PJ997 UT WOS:A1994PJ99700014 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Akey, DH Henneberry, TJ Natwick, ET AF Chu, CC Akey, DH Henneberry, TJ Natwick, ET TI Response of cotton plants to aldicarb soil application SO JOURNAL OF THE AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF CHINA LA Chinese DT Article AB The insecticidal activity of aldicarb (Temik(R)) (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde-0-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime) has been extensively documented but less is known regarding its effect on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant growth. Aldicarb was applied to field grown cotton at 2.02 and 2.52kg (ai)/ha in 1990 and 1991, respecively, at squaring to first flower stages of plant growth. Lateral root length density was determined in increments of 20 cm, to a depth of 80 cm from the soil surface in 1990 and 40 cm in 1991. Tap roots were sampled in 1991. Aldicarb-treated plants had larger lateral root systems than untreated plants at soil depths of 0-20 cm from the soil surface on the cotton bed. Tap root weight was also higher in aldicarb-treated plants compared to untreated cotton. Aldicarb increased lint yields 73% in 1990 and 31% in 1991 compared to untreated plants. Cotton plant leaf temperatures, transpiration, leaf water potentials, leaf area indices, and photosynthesis measurements were significantly correlated to increased cotton plant root growth in plants treated with aldicarb. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGR ASSN CHINA PI TAIPEI PA 14 WENCHOW ST, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 0578-1434 J9 J AGR ASSOC CHINA JI J. Agric. Assoc. China PD SEP PY 1994 IS 167 BP 75 EP 90 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TK914 UT WOS:A1994TK91400006 ER PT J AU MURPHY, SP ROSE, D LANE, S AF MURPHY, SP ROSE, D LANE, S TI WHAT IS THE PROPER USE OF A DIET QUALITY INDEX SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MURPHY, SP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT NUTR SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 94 IS 9 BP 968 EP 968 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(94)92184-9 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PF940 UT WOS:A1994PF94000003 PM 8071493 ER PT J AU GARCIA, JJ FUKUDA, T BECNEL, JJ AF GARCIA, JJ FUKUDA, T BECNEL, JJ TI SEASONALITY, PREVALENCE AND PATHOGENICITY OF THE GREGARINE ASCOGREGARINA-TAIWANENSIS (APICOMPLEXA, LECUDINIDAE) IN MOSQUITOS FROM FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; CULICIS AB Aedes albopictus larvae collected in Gainesville, FL, were infected with the gregarine Ascogregarina taiwanensis. Natural prevalence varied from 68 to 100%. Eight mosquito species were tested in the laboratory for susceptibility to A. taiwanensis isolated from field-collected Ae. albopictus. Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes taeniorhynchus became 100% infected in the larval stage, whereas Aedes triseriatus was less susceptible; Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex nigripalpus, Culex territans, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus were not susceptible. Viable A. taiwanensis oocysts from adults were recovered from Ae. taeniorhynchus (30%) and Ae. albopictus (100%); no oocysts were produced in the other exposed hosts. Mortality induced by A. taiwanensis infection was low in all mosquitoes except Ae. taeniorhynchus. We conclude that A. taiwanensis has little short-term impact on the mortality of the 3 most common container-inhabiting mosquito species in Florida; however, the long-term impact on overall host population regulation has yet to be determined. C1 CTR ESTUDIOS PARASITOL & VECTORES,CEPAVE,RA-1900 LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. RP GARCIA, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PH960 UT WOS:A1994PH96000013 PM 7807086 ER PT J AU MEISCH, MV DAME, DA GROVES, RL NUNEZ, RD AF MEISCH, MV DAME, DA GROVES, RL NUNEZ, RD TI ASSESSMENT OF ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS RESPONSE TO PERMETHRIN AND RESMETHRIN BY TOPICAL APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note AB Topical applications with field-captured mosquitoes provided LD50 estimates ranging from 13.3 to 20.0 ppm for permethrin and 8.5 to 18.9 ppm for resmethrin in the Stuttgart, AR, area in 1993. Mosquitoes collected from the abatement area appeared to be more susceptible to resmethrin than those from outside the area (8.5 ppm vs. 18.9 ppm). The observed difference was not great enough to be of concern from an economic or control standpoint. The data provided a firm baseline for future assessment of changes in susceptibility to these 2 materials. Mosquitoes collected in Walnut Ridge, AR, were susceptible to permethrin and resmethrin within the same range as the Stuttgart populations, but the limited number of observations preclude firm LD50 estimates. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIM,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MEISCH, MV (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 437 EP 439 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PH960 UT WOS:A1994PH96000019 PM 7807092 ER PT J AU ORTEGA, MD HOLBROOK, FR AF ORTEGA, MD HOLBROOK, FR TI PRESENCE OF CULICOIDES-IMICOLA (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN JAEN, SPAIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA AB Culicoides imicola Kieffer is reported from 2 locations in the province of Jaen, Spain. The locations are outside the area where African horse sickness epizootics occurred from 1988 to 1990. The absence of African horse sickness in Jaen during this period may have been due to the low abundance of this species. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP ORTEGA, MD (reprint author), CONSEJERIA AGR & PRESCA LAB SANIDAD & PROD ANIM,JUNTA ANDALUCIA,APDO 3124,E-14080 CORDOBA,SPAIN. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 463 EP 463 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PH960 UT WOS:A1994PH96000027 PM 7807099 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, DJ SENSKE, GE AF OBRIEN, DJ SENSKE, GE TI RECOVERY OF EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID FROM FUNGAL MYCELIA BY SOLVENT-EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COLLOID MILL; FATTY ACID; HEXANE; ISOPROPANOL; LIPID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; PYTHIUM IRREGULARE ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; FATTY-ACIDS; BEAD MILL; DISRUPTION AB Utilization of lipids containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) produced by microorganisms requires processes for their efficient recovery from microbial cells. Recovery of EPA from mycelia of the fungus Pythium irregulare by solvent extraction with hexane-isopropanol (HIP) in a pilot-plant colloid mill was investigated. Extraction efficiencies of 96% for lipid and EPA were achieved with a 3:2 (vol/vol) HIP mixture by milling wet, filtered mycelia for 5 min at a solvent/dry solids ratio of 100 L/kg. The process yielded a crude extract that contained up to 96% lipid and an EPA content as high as 24% (with no selectivity for EPA). RP OBRIEN, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 71 IS 9 BP 947 EP 950 DI 10.1007/BF02542259 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PF819 UT WOS:A1994PF81900007 ER PT J AU HOU, CT AF HOU, CT TI CONVERSION OF LINOLEIC-ACID TO 10-HYDROXY-12(Z)-OCTADECENOIC ACID BY FLAVOBACTERIUM SP (NRRL B-14859) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONVERSION; FLAVOBACTERIUM; HYDROXY FATTY ACIDS; 10-HYDROXY-12(Z)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; LINOLEIC ACID; UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ID OLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; MICROBIAL CONVERSION; FATTY-ACIDS; BIOCONVERSION; COMPOUND; PR3 AB A new microbial isolate, Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5, converts linoleic acid into 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (10-HOA) with 55% yield. The product was characterized by gas chromatography (GC), GC/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific optical rotation of 10-HOA is [alpha](24)(D) = -5.58 (methanol). The optimum time, pH and temperature for the production of 10-HOA were 36 h, 7.5 and 20-35 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme(s) that converts linoleic acid to 10-HOA is soluble and located intacellulary in strain DS5. Two minor products, 10-methoxy-12-octadecenoic acid and 10-keto-12-octadecenoic acid, were also identified. 10-HOA was further metabolized by strain DS5. Among the unsaturated fatty acids studied, the order of reactivity for the DS5 enzyme(s) is oleic > palmitoleic > linoleic > linolenic > gamma-linolenic > myristoleic acid. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 71 IS 9 BP 975 EP 978 DI 10.1007/BF02542264 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PF819 UT WOS:A1994PF81900012 ER PT J AU WU, YV ROSATI, R SESSA, DJ BROWN, P AF WU, YV ROSATI, R SESSA, DJ BROWN, P TI UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN-RICH ETHANOL COPRODUCTS FROM CORN IN TILAPIA FEED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE CORN; CORN DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES; CORN PROTEIN; FEED CONVERSION RATIO FISH MEAL; PROTEIN-RICH ETHANOL COPRODUCTS; FROM CORN; SOY FLOUR; TILAPIA; TILAPIA DIET; WEIGHT GAIN ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; BLENDED FOODS; BY-PRODUCTS; FLOUR; SOLUBLES; WHEAT AB Corn distiller's grains with solubles (CDGS), which is the residue from ethanol fermentation of corn, were incorporated in tilapia (a warm-water fish) diets that contained either 36% protein without fish meal or 32% protein with and without fish meal. A 103-day feeding study indicated that the three diets containing CDGS resulted in higher weights of tilapia than fish fed a commercial fish feed containing 36% protein and fish meal. The difference in weight gains between 32 and 36% protein diets was not significant. Incorporating fish meal (6%) in diet had no advantage over a diet without fish meal. C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV, DEPT AGR, NORMAL, IL 61790 USA. PURDUE UNIV, DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RI Brown, Patrick/E-4085-2012 OI Brown, Patrick/0000-0001-6857-8608 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1041 EP 1043 DI 10.1007/BF02542277 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PF819 UT WOS:A1994PF81900025 ER PT J AU YATES, IE SPARKS, D AF YATES, IE SPARKS, D TI ANATOMY DIFFERS FOR ABORTING AND NONABORTING PISTILLATE FLOWERS IN PECAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; MICROSCOPY; INTEGUMENT; NUCELLUS; CENTRAL NUCLEUS; EGG APPARATUS; SYNERGID ID POLLINATION AB Comparative anatomical features of nonaborting (normal) and aborting pistillate flowers were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy during the first of four physiological drops characteristic of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Flowers sampled over a 3-year period from a protandrous and a protogynous cultivar (Desirable and Wichita, respectively) did not have any tissue necrosis. Diameter, length, and weight of aborting intact flowers were significantly less at 65 %, 55 %, and 30 %, respectively, in aborting than nonaborting intact flowers. A common anatomical deviation in aborting flowers was that the integument was less extended over the nucellus of the ovule than in nonaborting flowers. The number of parenchymal nucellus cell layers lateral to the embryo sac often was less in aborting than nonaborting flowers. Embryo sacs were inflated in nonaborting flowers, but appeared deflated in aborting flowers. Both sacs had a conspicuous central nucleus, egg, and synergid, with a second synergid evident in the embryo sacs of some nonaborting flowers. Thus, aborting pecan flowers had incompletely developed ovules with no evidence of necrosis. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP YATES, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 119 IS 5 BP 949 EP 955 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PC951 UT WOS:A1994PC95100013 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, BD AF WHITAKER, BD TI LIPID CHANGES IN MATURE-GREEN TOMATOES DURING RIPENING, DURING CHILLING, AND AFTER REWARMING SUBSEQUENT TO CHILLING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; STERYL LIPID; PHOSPHOLIPID; GALACTOLIPID; FATTY ACID; CHLOROPHYLL; CAROTENOID ID BELL PEPPER FRUIT; NONCHILLING TEMPERATURES; MICROSOMAL-MEMBRANES; ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE; INJURY; DEGRADATION; LIPOXYGENASE; SENSITIVITY; PERICARP; STORAGE AB Lipid composition and pigment content were determined in pericarp of 'Pik Red' tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) that were harvested when mature-green (MG) then ripened for 1 or 14 days at 20C, chilled for 11 or 21 days at 2C, or chilled for 21 days and transferred to 20C for 4 days (rewarmed). During ripening, chlorophyll fell below a detectable level, carotenes increased 100-fold, phospholipids (PLs) dropped almost-equal-to 20%, and galactolipids (GLs) dropped almost-equal-to 35%. Fatty-acid unsaturation decreased slightly. Steryl esters (SEs), more than free sterots (FSs) and steryl glycosides (SGs), increased at the expense of acytated steryt glycosides (ASGs), and in all four steryl lipids, the stigmasterol:sitosterol ratio rose dramatically, whereas the level of isofucosterot felt sharply. During chilling, chlorophyll declined almost-equal-to 40% and carotenes almost-equal-to 60%. PL content did not change, whereas GL fell almost-equal-to 15%. Fatty-acid unsaturation increased slightly. FS, much more than SG and SE, increased at the expense of ASG. The stigmasterol:sitosterol ratio changed little in ASG, SG, and SE but declined in FS. Isofucosterol increased in FS and SE. Rewarming had little effect on the levels of chlorophyll, carotenes, or PL levels, but caused GL to fall another almost-equal-to 15%. Fatty-acid unsaturation decreased slightly in GL and ASG. The distribution of total sterol in ASG, SG, FS, and SE changed dramatically, yielding proportions close to those in unchilled MG fruit. Also, 4 days after rewarming, the stigmasterol:sitosterol ratio had increased sharply, particularly in FS and SE, and there was a further rise in isofucosterol in all four steryl lipids. These results indicate that chloroplast damage occurs during chilling, but PL-rich cell membranes are not degraded, even upon rewarming. Changes in sterol composition and conjugation during chilling and after rewarming could result in membrane dysfunction. RP WHITAKER, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 119 IS 5 BP 994 EP 999 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PC951 UT WOS:A1994PC95100020 ER PT J AU BARK, OH HAVEY, MJ CORGAN, JN AF BARK, OH HAVEY, MJ CORGAN, JN TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM (RFLP) ANALYSIS OF PROGENY FROM AN ALLIUM-FISTULOSUM X ALLIUM-CEPA HYBRID SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BULB ONION; INTERSPECIFIC CROSS; JAPANESE BUNCHING ONION ID 45S RIBOSOMAL DNA; L SECTION CEPA; ENZYME ANALYSIS; CHLOROPLAST; ALLIACEAE; ONION AB Allium fistulosum L. (bunching onion) is resistant to many of the important diseases and pests of Allium cepa L. (bulb onion). Although the first interspecific hybrids were generated more than 50 years ago, there is no conclusive evidence that any desirable trait in bunching onion has been successfully transferred to bulb onion by backcrossing. We identified RFLPs in the chloroplast and nuclear genomes to assess DNA transfer from bunching to bulb onion by backcrossing an interspecific hybrid to a bulb onion. Polymorphisms in the chloroplast genome established that the interspecific hybrid and three putative backcross plants had the cytoplasm of a bunching onion. All 57 random cDNA probes detected polymorphisms between the bulb and bunching onion for at least one of two restriction enzymes. The backcross progenies always possessed the bulb-onion fragments and an excess of probes detected the bunching-onion fragments. Only one plant showed an acceptable fit to the expected 1:1 backcross ratio. Significant deviations from expected segregation ratios may be the result of abnormal meiosis in the interspecific hybrid. However, these observations could also be explained by a previously proposed nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction conditioning preferential survival in the bunching-onion cytoplasm of eggs carrying bunching-onion chromosomes. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 119 IS 5 BP 1046 EP 1049 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PC951 UT WOS:A1994PC95100030 ER PT J AU FERY, RL DUKES, PD AF FERY, RL DUKES, PD TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN COTYLEDON TRAIT IN SOUTHERNPEA [VIGNA-UNGUICULATA (L) WALP] SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BLACKEYE BEAN; COWPEA; GREEN TESTA; ALLELISM TEST; VEGETABLE BREEDING AB A series of greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of the green cotyledon trait exhibited by the recently released southernpea 'Bettergreen' and to elucidate the genetic relationship between the green cotyledon trait and the green testa trait exhibited by 'Freezegreen'. Evaluation of parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations of the crosses 'Bettergreen' x 'Carolina Cream' and 'Bettergreen' x 'Kiawah' indicated that the green cotyledon trait is conditioned hy a single recessive gene. Evaluation of parental and F2 populations of the cross 'Bettergreen' x 'Freezegreen' indicated that this gene is neither allelic to nor linked with the gt gene that conditions the green testa trait in 'Freezegreen'. The color of seeds harvested from plants homozygous for both the green cotyledon and green testa genes was superior and more uniform than the color of seeds harvested from either 'Bettergreen' or 'Freezegreen' plants. We propose that the newly discovered gene be designated green cotyledon and symbolized gc. Seeds containing embryos homozygous for the gc gene are easily identified. The ability to select in the seed stage should greatly facilitate efforts to backcross. The gc gene into cream-, pinkeye-, and blackeye-type cultivars. RP FERY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 119 IS 5 BP 1054 EP 1056 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PC951 UT WOS:A1994PC95100032 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG POTTS, WE CHITTAMS, JL FLECK, DL AF HAYNES, KG POTTS, WE CHITTAMS, JL FLECK, DL TI DETERMINING YELLOW-FLESH INTENSITY IN POTATOES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CAROTENOIDS; SUBSAMPLING AB For the yellow-flesh fresh market, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties with intense yellow flesh are desired. Twenty-five yellow-flesh clones, including 24 U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) selections and the check variety 'Yukon Gold', were evaluated for tuber yellow-flesh color, as measured by a reflectance colorimeter, and for individual tuber weight in replicated field trials in Presque Isle, Maine, in 1991 and 1992. There were significant differences among clones for yellow-flesh intensity. Yellow-flesh intensity in two USDA selections was significantly less than in 'Yukon Gold'. In four USDA selections, yellow-flesh intensity was significantly greater than in 'Yukon Gold'. In general, there was an inverse relationship between tuber weight and yellow-flesh intensity. Subsamples of tubers whose weight fell between the 10 to 90, 25 to 75, 35 to 65, and 40 to 60 percentile were compared to the full sample. There was good agreement between the 10 to 90 and 25 to 75 percentile subsample and the full sample regarding the average yellow-flesh intensity and in the consistency of pairwise comparisons between individual selections and 'Yukon Gold'. For determining yellow-flesh intensity, the 25 to 75 percentile subsample was as informative as the full sample. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 119 IS 5 BP 1057 EP 1059 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PC951 UT WOS:A1994PC95100033 ER PT J AU SCORZA, R ZIMMERMAN, TW CORDTS, JM FOOTEN, KJ RAVELONANDRO, M AF SCORZA, R ZIMMERMAN, TW CORDTS, JM FOOTEN, KJ RAVELONANDRO, M TI HORTICULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSGENIC TOBACCO EXPRESSING THE ROLC GENE FROM AGROBACTERIUM-RHIZOGENES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DWARFING; GROWTH REGULATION; ORNAMENTALS ID TL-DNA; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; REGENERATION; TUMEFACIENS; PLASMID AB 'Wisconsin 38' tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf discs were transformed with the disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 carrying the rolC gene from A. rhizogenes (Oono et al., 1987) and NPT II and GUS genes. Shoots that regenerated on kanamycin-containing medium were confirmed as transgenic through GUS assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot analyses, and transmission of the foreign genes through the sexual cycle. Transgenic plants were as short as half the height of control plants; were earlier flowering by up to 35 days; and had smaller leaves, shorter internodes, smaller seed capsules, fewer seeds, smaller flowers, and reduced pollen viability. The number of seed capsules, leaf number, and specific root length were similar between transgenic and control plants. Transgenic clones varied in the expression of the rolC-induced growth alterations as did the first generation of seedlings from these clones. Such differences suggested the potential for selecting for different levels of expression. Transformation with the rolC gene presents a potentially useful method of genetically modifying horticultural crops, particularly for flowering date, height, and leaf and flower size. C1 INRA,PATHOL VEGETALE STN,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. RP SCORZA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 119 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1098 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PC951 UT WOS:A1994PC95100038 ER PT J AU KING, AJ HOGAN, PJ KEHAYIAS, J ROUBENOFF, R DINARELLO, CA PEREIRA, BJG AF KING, AJ HOGAN, PJ KEHAYIAS, J ROUBENOFF, R DINARELLO, CA PEREIRA, BJG TI NUTRITIONAL-STATUS AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN HEMODIALYSIS (HD) PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 5 IS 3 BP 495 EP 495 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA PG771 UT WOS:A1994PG77100995 ER PT J AU BOLIN, SR BLACK, JW FREY, ML KATZ, JB RIDPATH, JF ROBLIN, RO AF BOLIN, SR BLACK, JW FREY, ML KATZ, JB RIDPATH, JF ROBLIN, RO TI DETECTION OF A CELL-LINE CONTAMINATED WITH HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; BORDER DISEASE; ANTIBODIES; VACCINE; SERUM AB Cell lines from the repository of the American Type Culture Collection were examined for possible contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus. During testing, hog cholera virus (HCV) was detected in the IB-RS-2 D10 porcine kidney cell line. This variant of HCV was avirulent for pigs and seldom induced delectable concentrations of antibody against reference viruses (HCV-Ames or bovine viral diarrhea virus-NY1) in serum of inoculated pigs. Additionally, this variant of HCV did not confer protection to pigs against virulent HCV. The contaminated cell line had been distributed to > 20 laboratories in the United States. The cell line was not used in field studies and has been destroyed. C1 AMER BIORES,SEYMOUR,TN 37865. US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. AMER TYPE CULTURE COLLECT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP BOLIN, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 5 BP 742 EP 745 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PD436 UT WOS:A1994PD43600019 PM 7989247 ER PT J AU YAMAUCHI, N WATADA, AE AF YAMAUCHI, N WATADA, AE TI EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS IN DEGRADATION OF CHLOROPHYLL BY IN-VITRO PEROXIDASE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAVES; OXIDATION; OXIDASE AB The effectiveness of ethanol extracts from different leafy vegetables and commercial phenolic compounds in degrading chlorophyll (Chl) in a model system using commercial horseradish peroxidase was determined in vitro. The amount of Chl degradation ranged widely among the leafy vegetables with parsley and mitsuba ethanol extracts having 70 and 60 fold greater activity than that of the garland chrysanthemum extract respectively, which were the extremes among the eight leafy vegetables. Among sixteen commercial phenolic compounds studied, Chl degradation occurred only with apigenin (flavone), apigetrin (apigenin-7-glucoside), naringenin (flavnone), p-coumaric acid (monophenol) and resorcinol (m-diphenol). These results indicate that Chl degradation in the peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide system is dependent on the type of phenol, specifically those which have a hydroxy group at the p-position. The only degraded Chl product noted in the HPLC chromatogram, when using p-coumaric acid, was 10-hydroxychlorophyll a (Chl a-1). The amount of Chl a-1 accumulated was minimal, compared to the amount Chl degraded, and implies that most of the Chl was degraded to a colorless product without the accumulation of Chl a-1 as an intermediate. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HORT CROPS QUAL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP YAMAUCHI, N (reprint author), HIMEJI COLL HYOGO, HIMEJI, HYOGO 670, JAPAN. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI PI KYOTO PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING SHIMODACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO, 602-8048, JAPAN SN 1882-3351 EI 1880-358X J9 J JPN SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 63 IS 2 BP 439 EP 444 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PH972 UT WOS:A1994PH97200024 ER PT J AU NOWAK, CL NOWAK, RS TAUSCH, RJ WIGAND, PE AF NOWAK, CL NOWAK, RS TAUSCH, RJ WIGAND, PE TI A 30000 YEAR RECORD OF VEGETATION DYNAMICS AT A SEMIARID LOCALE IN THE GREAT-BASIN SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CLIMATE CHANGE; MIGRATION; NEOTOMA; PALEOECOLOGY; PLANT MACROFOSSIL; QUATERNARY; WOODRAT MIDDEN AB Plant macrofossils extracted from fossil woodrat (Neotoma spp.) middens at a single locale in the northwestern Great Basin were used to examine vegetation dynamics during the last 30 000 yr. Although the modern assemblage of xeric species at the study site is a recent occurrence, a large proportion of the modern plant taxa near the study locale were also found 12 000 - 30 000 yr BP. The persistence of extant species through time was likely facilitated by within-species genetic diversity and the formation of coenospecies. The diverse topographic and microhabitat features in the northwestern Great Basin also allowed different species to coexist during glacial periods. Changes in species composition occurred during two time intervals: 20 000 - 30 000 and 10 000 - 12 000 yr BP. Vegetation changes during 20 000 - 30 000 yr BP were cyclic; community composition oscillated between two groups of taxa. Vegetation changes between 10 000 - 12 000 yr BP occurred during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and were largely directional from the Pleistocene assemblages through two transition assemblages to a Holocene assemblage. These changes in species composition generally reflect changes in climate. The presence of relatively mesic species during 10 000 - 30 000 yr BP is consistent with the regional late-Pleistocene climate, and the gradual loss of relatively mesic species during the Holocene parallels the change to a more xeric climate. Contrasted with other areas of North America and Europe, the magnitude of vegetation changes at our study area were relatively small. Furthermore, the persistence of many species through time at this site in the northwestern Great Basin also differs from results at other study sites in North America and Europe. These differences are probably related to land form characteristics and genetic diversity within species. RP NOWAK, CL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI KNIVSTA PA APELSINVAGEN 47, S 741 00 KNIVSTA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 5 IS 4 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.2307/3235985 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA PN437 UT WOS:A1994PN43700017 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, LM BREITSCHWERDT, EB KEENE, BW HANSEN, B AF FREEMAN, LM BREITSCHWERDT, EB KEENE, BW HANSEN, B TI FANCONIS-SYNDROME IN A DOG WITH PRIMARY HYPOPARATHYROIDISM SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB An 11-year-old castrated male mixed breed dog was referred for evaluation of muscle twitching, polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, and periocular alopecia. Primary hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed by documenting decreased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium. Neurological, gastrointestinal, and dermatological signs resolved after calcium repletion. Initially, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol PO was required to correct the hypocalcemia. Dihydrotachysterol, in combination with oral calcium supplementation, was used for long-term maintenance of normal serum calcium concentration. Aminoaciduria, glucosuria, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis were consistent with a diagnosis of Fanconi's syndrome. This diagnosis was further supported by the presence of hypokalemia and increased urinary fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Renal tubular dysfunction resolved after oral supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3. Fanconi's syndrome in this dog may have been caused by decreased serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, which was secondary to decreased parathyroid hormone production. RP FREEMAN, LM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PL221 UT WOS:A1994PL22100007 PM 7837112 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J AF GARBRECHT, J TI NONPOINT-POLLUTION MODEL SENSITIVITY TO GRID-CELL SIZE - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 120 IS 5 BP 738 EP 740 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1994)120:5(738.2) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA PC802 UT WOS:A1994PC80200011 ER PT J AU HAYEK, MG MEYDANI, SN MEYDANI, M BLUMBERG, JB AF HAYEK, MG MEYDANI, SN MEYDANI, M BLUMBERG, JB TI AGE-DIFFERENCES IN EICOSANOID PRODUCTION OF MOUSE SPLENOCYTES - EFFECTS ON MITOGEN-INDUCED T-CELL PROLIFERATION SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE-T; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; FOOD RESTRICTION; MESSENGER-RNA; VITAMIN-E; SYNTHASE CYCLOOXYGENASE AB In order to determine the contribution of suppressive factors secreted from macrophages to the age-associated decline in T-cell mediated mitogenic responses, experiments were conducted to characterize eicosanoid and H2O2 production, total cellular fatly acid, and vitamin E composition of splenocytes isolated from young (4 mo) and old (24 mo) C57BL/6NIA mice. An age-related increase was observed in Ca++ ionophore A23187-stimulated ex-vivo production,of prostaglandin (PG) E(2), leukotriene (LT) B-4, and LTC(4) (p < .01), and in concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated PGE(2) production (p < .01). No age-related difference was observed in ex-vivo production of 12- and 15- hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (HETE). The age-related increase in PGE(2) Production was also observed in lipopolysacharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6NIA mice and ConA and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated splenocytes isolated from DBA mice. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase with indomethacin resulted in increased ConA-stimulated proliferation of splenocytes from old mice (p < .01), while 5-lipoxygenase inhibition did not have an effect on mitogen induced proliferation. Furthermore, PGE(2) addition to purified splenic T-cells decreased their proliferation. No age-related differences were observed in total cellular fatty acid composition, vitamin E level, or ex-vivo production of H2O2 from splenocytes stimulated with 10 or 100 ng phorbol myristate acetate(PIMA). These data indicate that aging is associated with increased production of PG and LT from activated splenocytes. Inhibition of PGE(2) but not LT production enhances mitogenic responses of aid mice, suggesting a contributory role for PGE(2) in the age-associated decline bf T-cell responsiveness to polyclonal mitogens. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, NUTR IMMUNOL LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, ANTIOXIDANTS RES LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [NIA 1R01 AG09140-01] NR 89 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0022-1422 J9 J GERONTOL JI J. Gerontol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 5 BP B197 EP B207 PG 11 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA PE106 UT WOS:A1994PE10600008 PM 8056932 ER PT J AU IVERSON, LR COOK, EA GRAHAM, RL AF IVERSON, LR COOK, EA GRAHAM, RL TI REGIONAL FOREST COVER ESTIMATION VIA REMOTE-SENSING - THE CALIBRATION CENTER CONCEPT SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; ADVANCED VERY HIGH RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SMOKY MOUNTAINS; ILLINOIS; FOREST; REMOTE SENSING; LANDSAT TM AB A method for combining Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery, and other biogeographic data to estimate forest cover over large regions is applied and evaluated at two locations. In this method, TM data are used to classify a small area (calibration center) into forest/nonforest; the resulting forest cover map is then used in combination with AVHRR spectral data from the same area to develop an empirical relationship between percent forest cover and AVHRR pixel spectral signature; the resultant regression relationship between AVHRR band values and percent forest cover is then used to extrapolate forest cover for several hundred kilometers beyond the original TM calibration center. In the present study, the method was tested over two large regions in the eastern United States: areas centered on Illinois and on the Smoky Mountains on the North Carolina-Tennessee border. Estimates of percent forest cover for counties, after aggregating AVHRR pixel estimates within each county, were compared with independent ground-based estimates. County estimates were aggregated to derive estimates for states and regions. For the Illinois region, the overall correlation between county cover estimates was 0.89. Even better correlations (up to r = 0.96) resulted for the counties close to one another, in the same ecoregion, or in the same major land resource region as the calibration center. For the Smokies region, the correlations were significant but lower due to large influences of pine forests (suppressed spectral reflectance) in counties outside the hardwood-dominated calibration center. The method carries potential for estimating forest cover across the globe. It has special advantages in allowing the assessment of forest cover in highly fragmented landscapes, where individual AVHRR pixels (1 km2) are forested to varying degrees. RP IVERSON, LR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 0 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 9 IS 3 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.1007/BF00134745 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA PL166 UT WOS:A1994PL16600001 ER PT J AU DUGGAN, M ISENBERGH, D AF DUGGAN, M ISENBERGH, D TI POSTSTRUCTURALISM AND THE BRAVE-NEW-WORLD OF LEGAL RESEARCH SO LAW LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB The authors provide a response to Jill Anne Farmer's 1993 LLJ article applying poststructuralist analysis to the legal research process. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. RP DUGGAN, M (reprint author), USDA,LAW LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN LAW LIBRARIES PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 703 53 WEST JACKSON BLVD, CHICAGO, IL 60604 SN 0023-9283 J9 LAW LIBR J JI Law Libr. J. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 86 IS 4 BP 829 EP 835 PG 7 WC Information Science & Library Science; Law SC Information Science & Library Science; Government & Law GA QY021 UT WOS:A1994QY02100007 ER PT J AU DESCENZO, RA WISE, RP MAHADEVAPPA, M AF DESCENZO, RA WISE, RP MAHADEVAPPA, M TI HIGH-RESOLUTION MAPPING OF THE HOR1/MLA/HOR2 REGION ON CHROMOSOME 5S IN BARLEY SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; F-SP-HORDEI; ML-A-LOCUS; LETTUCE LACTUCA-SATIVA; UNEQUAL CROSSING-OVER; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TANDEM DUPLICATION; LINKAGE ANALYSIS AB A high-resolution mapping population consisting of 270 individual lines, each representing an independent recombination event between the Hor1 and Hor2 loci, was used to construct a high-density restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map of the Hor1/Mla/Hor2 region. To identify informative markers for screening the recombinant population, the Franger (containing Mla6 and Mla14) and Rupee (containing Mla13) parental lines were screened for RFLPs using 12 restriction endonucleases and 35 cDNA and genomic clones, that had been shown to map to barley chromosome 5 or wheat group 1. As a result, 61 probe/enzyme combinations were chosen to screen the recombinant population. Analysis of the RFLP mapping data indicated nine of the 21 polymorphic probes mapped within the Hor1/Hor2 interval. Map distance between Hor1 and Hor2 was calculated to be approximately 8.1 cM. Nine of the remaining probes mapped outside of the Hor1/Hor2 interval and proximal to Hor1. The remaining three probes mapped to separate linkage groups. Sixteen of the recombinant lines had regions of DNA that were heterozygous at one or more RFLP loci within the Hor1/Hor2 interval. Data from the high-resolution RFLP map of the Hor1/Hor2 region was integrated with previous recombination data which positioned the Mla6, Mla13, and Mla14, resistance alleles, in relation to Hor1 and Hor2. Five of the probes hybridized to multiple sites. BCD249, a cDNA-derived barley clone, hybridized to two sequences 0.3 cM apart, indicating a duplication event within the Hor1/Hor2 interval. One of these sites, Xbcd249.2, was positioned within 1.6 cM from the Mla alleles. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,INTERDEPARTMENTAL GENET PROGRAM,AMES,IA 50011. RP DESCENZO, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 7 IS 5 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1094/MPMI-7-0657 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA PK831 UT WOS:A1994PK83100014 ER PT J AU BECK, RJ SMITH, OP TOOLEY, PW PETERSON, GL BONDE, MR AF BECK, RJ SMITH, OP TOOLEY, PW PETERSON, GL BONDE, MR TI CHARACTERIZATION OF DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA FROM TILLETIA-INDICA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA (DSRNA); KARNAL BUNT; TILLETIA-INDICA; SMUT FUNGUS ID CHESTNUT BLIGHT FUNGUS; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; KARNAL BUNT; HYPOVIRULENCE; INHERITANCE; WHEAT AB Double-stranded RNA was identified in six isolates of Tilletia indica, the causal agent of Karnal bunt disease of wheat. Double-stranded RNAs ranged from 2.8 to 12.3 kbp in size, similar to sizes reported for double-stranded RNAs from other plant pathogenic fungi. The six isolates revealed diverse double-stranded RNA banding patterns; however, identical patterns were found for two isolates (one from India, one from Mexico). A random-primed cDNA probe generated from the high molecular weight double-stranded RNA segment of isolate PV-18 hybridized only to double-stranded RNA of isolate PV-18 and not to double-stranded RNA of the other five isolates, indicating a high degree of sequence specificity within the double-stranded RNA from at least one of the isolates tested. This is the first report of double-stranded RNA occurring in any species of Tilletia. RP BECK, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FT DETRICK BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 656 EP 659 DI 10.2307/3760536 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA PU893 UT WOS:A1994PU89300009 ER PT J AU STONE, JK PINKERTON, JN JOHNSON, KB AF STONE, JK PINKERTON, JN JOHNSON, KB TI AXENIC CULTURE OF ANISOGRAMMA-ANOMALA - EVIDENCE FOR SELF-INHIBITION OF ASCOSPORE GERMINATION AND COLONY GROWTH SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ADSORBENTS; ANISOGRAMMA-ANOMALA; ASCOSPORE; BIOTROPHY; GERMINATION; NUTRITION; SELF-INHIBITORS ID HYPOVIRULENT; PARASITICA AB A medium supporting the prolonged growth of Anisogramma anomala in axenic culture is described. Ascospores germinated and established colonies only on media containing a chemical adsorbent. Bovine serum albumin at 0.5% and activated charcoal at 0.025% were most effective. Sucrose was the only carbon source of 19 carbohydrates tested that supported prolonged growth in culture. Growth was further enhanced by asparagine and yeast extract at 0.2%. Adsorbents apparently inactivate self-inhibitors of ascospore germination as well as growth regulators produced by the growing cultures. Such self-inhibition may reflect biotrophic host specialization in this fungus. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP STONE, JK (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 674 EP 683 DI 10.2307/3760539 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA PU893 UT WOS:A1994PU89300012 ER PT J AU VINCENT, MA POWELL, MJ BURDSALL, HH AF VINCENT, MA POWELL, MJ BURDSALL, HH TI COOKE,WILLIAM,BRIDGE, 1908-1991 - OBITUARY SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 USDA,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP VINCENT, MA (reprint author), MIAMI UNIV,DEPT BOT,OXFORD,OH 45056, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 5 BP 704 EP 711 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA PU893 UT WOS:A1994PU89300017 ER PT J AU MILLER, OK JOHNSON, JL BURDSALL, HH FLYNN, T AF MILLER, OK JOHNSON, JL BURDSALL, HH FLYNN, T TI SPECIES DELIMITATION IN NORTH-AMERICAN SPECIES OF ARMILLARIA AS MEASURED BY DNA REASSOCIATION SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL DNAS; MELLEA COMPLEX; SP-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; HYBRIDIZATION; NOMENCLATURE; GENUS; FUNGI AB The relatedness among biological species in Armillaria was explored using DNA reassociation experiments. Forty strains including nine of the ten reproductively isolated NABS (North American biological species) were used in the study. All of the biological species have significant levels of DNA sequence similarity with each other. Four major DNA sequence similarity clusters were found. The first includes A. calvescens, A. gallica, A. sinapina, NABS IX and NABS X; the second includes A. mellea, with 17 isolates; the third includes A. gemina and A, ostoyae; and the fourth includes A. tabescens, which is the most distant with about 30% similarity with the other taxa. The results are discussed in regard to the relationships estimated by rRNA RFLP data. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAEROB MICROBIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,CTR FOREST MYCOL,MADISON,WI 53705. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP MILLER, OK (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 98 BP 1005 EP 1011 PN 9 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA PJ957 UT WOS:A1994PJ95700006 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, AC WU, DY HAYEK, MG MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN AF SHAPIRO, AC WU, DY HAYEK, MG MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN TI ROLE OF EICOSANOIDS AND VITAMIN-E IN FISH OIL-INDUCED CHANGES OF SPLENOCYTE PROLIFERATION TO T-CELL MITOGENS IN MICE SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MICE; FISH OIL; T CELL PROLIFERATION; EICOSANOIDS; VITAMIN-E ID FATTY-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY-FAT; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; PROSTAGLANDIN-E; LINOLENIC ACID; METABOLISM; BLASTOGENESIS; POPULATIONS; MODULATION; INHIBITION AB The effect of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-enriched diets on T cell blastogenesis and the contributions of (n-3) PUFA-derived eicosanoids and tocopherol to this effect were investigated in C57BL/6NIA mice. Splenocytes from male, 2 month old mice (n=24/group) fed diets enriched in either (n-3) or (n-6) PUFA (10 g/100g diet) for 8 weeks were activated with T-cell mitogens and cultured with and without varying concentrations of PGE(2), PGE(3), LTB(4), LTB(5), vitamin E or indomethacin. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of T cells, CD4(+), CD8(+) and macrophages in spleens from the (n-3) PUFA-fed group. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response was significantly suppressed (-15%) in splenocytes from the (n-3) PUFA-fed group. In vitro addition of PGE(2) or PGE(3) at both 10(-7) M and 10(-8) M significantly suppressed PHA-activated proliferation in the (n-6) PUFA-fed group (p<0.01). In the (n-3) PUFA-fed group, however, PHA response was suppressed with the addition of 10(-7) M PGE(2), or PGE(3) only (p<0.01). Although PGE(2) had no significant effect on concanavalin A (Con A) activation of splenocytes from either dietary group, PGE(3) (10(-7) M) significantly suppressed Con A activation of splenocytes from both dietary groups (-21+/-8% in the (n-6) PUFA group vs -24+/-7% in the (n-3) PUFA group; p<0.05). The addition of LTB(5) al 10(-10) to 10(-12) M 10 cultures from the (n-3) PUFA group resulted in a weak suppression of Con A-induced response while no effect in the (n-6) PUFA diet group was observed. Vitamin E significantly enhanced proliferation by 281% in the (n-3) PUFA-fed group (p<0.01) and 109% in the (n-6) PUFA-fed group (p<0.02). Cyclooxygenase inhibition caused a significant increase in mitogenic response of splenocytes from the (n-3) PUFA group while it had no effect on that of the (n-6) PUFA group. It is concluded that EPA-derived eicosanoids as well as changes in vitamin E requirement contribute to the (n-3) PUFA-induced changes in lymphocyte proliferation. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1339 EP 1354 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80294-5 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PD790 UT WOS:A1994PD79000005 ER PT J AU POUYAT, RV PARMELEE, RW CARREIRO, MM AF POUYAT, RV PARMELEE, RW CARREIRO, MM TI ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OF FOREST SOIL-INVERTEBRATE AND FUNGAL DENSITIES IN OAK STANDS ALONG AN URBAN-RURAL LAND-USE GRADIENT SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BDELLOID ROTIFERS; COLLEMBOLA; HEAVY METALS; LITTER FUNGI; MESOSTIGMATA; ORIBATIDA; NEMATODES; PROSTIGMATA; URBAN ENVIRONMENT; URBAN SOILS ID NO-TILLAGE AGROECOSYSTEMS; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; AIR-POLLUTION; BRASS MILL; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; POPULATION-DENSITY; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; NITROGEN; NETHERLANDS AB Urban-rural land use gradients are environmental gradients determined largely by human activity. Although gradients of land use are readily measurable, little is known about the effects of urbanization on forest soil properties and soil fauna and microflora. The purpose of this research was to analyze soil-invertebrate and fungal densities in undisturbed forest stands along a soil environmental gradient characterized by i) higher heavy metal concentration, ii) higher organic matter and N concentration, and iii) slightly lower soil pH in urban than in rural stands. The distribution of Oribatida, Collembola, and fungivorous nematodes are potentially influenced by high heavy metal concentrations in the urban stands, though other factors associated with the urban-rural environmental gradient may also have a strong influence. Litter fungal abundance was followed on a cohort of oak litter over a 36 week period. Although fungal densities were initially similar in urban, suburban, and rural sites, total fungal growth rose quickly in rural leaf litter relative to litter of the same species in urban and suburban stands. As with the fungivorous microinvertebrate feeding groups, fungal densities were negatively correlated with forest floor heavy metal concentrations. The observed patterns in soil invertebrate populations may be partly a trophic response to lower fungal densities in litter in urban stands. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. FORDHAM UNIV,CALDER CTR,ARMONK,NY 10504. RP POUYAT, RV (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST ECOSYST STUDIES,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BOX AB,MILLBROOK,NY 12545, USA. NR 66 TC 61 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 28 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG JENA PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PD SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 5 BP 385 EP 399 PG 15 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA PK312 UT WOS:A1994PK31200001 ER PT J AU NORMAN, MA SMEDA, RJ VAUGHN, KC FUERST, EP AF NORMAN, MA SMEDA, RJ VAUGHN, KC FUERST, EP TI DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT OF PARAQUAT IN RESISTANT AND SENSITIVE BIOTYPES OF CONYZA SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTACT MAIZE SEEDLINGS; TRANSPORT; BONARIENSIS; MECHANISMS; ROOTS AB Previous indirect evidence indicates that paraquat resistance in hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis [L.] Cronq.) is correlated with restricted movement in the resistant (R) biotype. Experiments were conducted to further characterize the mobility of paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'bipyridinium ion) in R and sensitive (S) biotypes of Conyza. The lateral movement of [C-14]paraquat from the point of application on he adaxial surface of intact leaves incubated in darkness was significantly restricted in the R relative to the S biotype. This restricted movement of paraquat may result from a mechanism of sequestration that conveys resistance to the R biotype. Autoradiographs of treated, intact leaves as well as leaf disks floated in an aqueous solution containing [C-14]paraquat (dark incubation) revealed a distinctive pattern of black spots very similar to the density and distribution of unicellular and multicellular leaf hairs (trichomes). Paraquat accumulated in trichomes on the abaxial surface of leaf disks of both biotypes even though this surface was not in direct contact with the incubation solution. Microautoradiography and paradermal sectioning studies were conducted following the treatment of the adaxial surface of intact leaves of both biotypes with [C-14]paraquat for 4 hr in darkness. Analyses of the data indicated a 10- to 100-fold increase in the amount of paraquat associated with trichomes (relative to other leaf cells) on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of both biotypes. It is unlikely that the accumulation of paraquat in abaxial trichomes within 4 hr after treatment can occur solely by diffusion. A 20% increase in the density of multicellular trichomes was observed in leaves of the R biotype. This small increase may contribute slightly to the 100-fold level of resistance typically observed in intact leaves of the R biotype. These data further support the hypothesis that paraquat resistance in Conyza is correlated with restricted movement (sequestration) in the R biotype. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP NORMAN, MA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1006/pest.1994.1055 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA PN159 UT WOS:A1994PN15900004 ER PT J AU WADE, G MUELLER, R COOK, P DORAISWAMY, P AF WADE, G MUELLER, R COOK, P DORAISWAMY, P TI AVHRR MAP PRODUCTS FOR CROP CONDITION ASSESSMENT - A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS APPROACH SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COVER AB U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) policymakers and crop analysts use satellite imagery integrated in a geographic information system (GIS) to help assess crop conditions for flood and drought. The unique capabilities of GIS help the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) in creating map products for this work. NASS is working cooperatively with the Agricultural Research Service's Remote Sensing Research Laboratory (RSRL) in investigating vegetative indices calculated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite NOAA-11. EROS Data Center (EDC), U.S. Geological Survey, calculates a biweekly Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) from AVHRR data. In 1993, the current year's stressed vegetation was compared with the 1992 crop year using AVHRR data. NASS uses GIS capability to combine diverse layers of information to overlay EDC's data with State and county boundaries, frost isoline data, and monthly precipitation data. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WADE, G (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR STAT SERV,REMOTE SENSING SECT,DIV RES,3251 OLD LEE HIGHWAY,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1145 EP 1150 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PN918 UT WOS:A1994PN91800009 ER PT J AU BROWN, MS MOLYNEUX, RJ ROITMAN, JN AF BROWN, MS MOLYNEUX, RJ ROITMAN, JN TI A GENERAL-METHOD FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID FREE BASES AND N-OXIDES SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; RADIAL COMPRESSION COLUMN ID SENECIO-RIDDELLII; SEPARATION; AMSINCKIA; JACOBAEA AB A reverse phase, ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of five distinct structural subclasses of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has been developed. The system consists of a muBondapak CN or Nova-Pak Phenyl column in a radial compression apparatus, eluted isocratically with methanol: water (27:73) containing 0.01 M dibutylammonium phosphate. Symmetrical, well-resolved peaks were obtained for 30 pyrrolizidine alkaloids within a 15 min elution time. Both the free base and the N-oxide forms of the alkaloids can be analysed under the same conditions. The elution times are indicative of the relative polarities of the alkaloids being separated. RP BROWN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 5 IS 5 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1002/pca.2800050507 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA PH460 UT WOS:A1994PH46000006 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E ARMBRUSTER, S ROITMAN, JN AF WOLLENWEBER, E ARMBRUSTER, S ROITMAN, JN TI A HERBACETIN METHYL-ETHER FROM THE FARINOSE EXUDATE OF A PENTAGRAMMA-TRIANGULARIS HYBRID SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PENTAGRAMMA TRIANGULARIS SUBSP TRIANGULARIS; FERN; FROND EXUDATE; FLAVONOID AGLYCONE; HERBACETIN-4'-METHYL ETHER AB Herbacetin-4'-methyl ether and other flavonoids have been identified in the farinose frond exudate of a distinct population of the fern Pentagramma triangularis subsp. triangularis, suggesting it is a hybrid of two chemotypes. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,D-64287 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 1994 VL 37 IS 2 BP 455 EP 456 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(94)85078-X PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA PM791 UT WOS:A1994PM79100030 ER PT J AU LOPES, JRS NAULT, LR GINGERY, RE AF LOPES, JRS NAULT, LR GINGERY, RE TI LEAFHOPPER TRANSMISSION AND HOST-PLANT RANGE OF MAIZE CHLOROTIC DWARF WAIKAVIRUS STRAINS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIRUS RETENTION ID COAT PROTEIN; HELPER COMPONENT; MYZUS-PERSICAE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; JOHNSONGRASS; POTYVIRUS; RETENTION; INFECTION; VECTOR; MILD AB Two strains of maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus (MCDV), the type strain MCDV-T and the recently isolated MCDV-M1, were compared for leafhopper transmission, vector specificity, and host plant range. Leafhopper species tested as vectors and their estimated transmission rates (by single insects) of MCDV-T and MCDV-M1, respectively, were Graminella nigrifrons, 27.0 and 20.4%; Amblysellus grex, 17.5 and 6.7%; Planicephalus flavicostatus, 7.9 and 1.0%; Stirellus bicolor, 5.9 and 1.2%; G. sonora, 1.2 and 2.5%; and Dalbulus maidis 0.8 and 1.7%. Euscelidius variegatus, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, and Ollarianus strictus were tested as well but did not transmit either strain. No vector was found that transmitted only one of the strains; however, A. grex, P. flavicostatus, and S. bicolor transmitted MCDV-T at rates significantly higher than those for MCDV-M1. Rates of loss of inoculativity of MCDV-T and MCDV-M1 by G. nigrifrons after virus acquisition were similar but were slower at 15 C than at 30 C. Estimated retention half-lives at 15 C for MCDV-T and MCDV-M1 were 7.7 and 12.5 h, respectively. The corresponding half-lives at 30 C were 3.4 and 4.8 h, respectively. A sample of grass species representing the major groups of Gramineae was tested for susceptibility to MCDV strains with G. nigrifrons as a vector. Of 46 grass species tested, 19 (mostly panicoids and andropogonoids) were found to be susceptible to each strain on the basis of symptomatology and detection assays (dot blot hybridization and Western blots). Two symptomless differential hosts were found: Sorghastrum nutans tested positive to MCDV-T but not to MCDV-M1, whereas the reverse was observed for Schizachyrium scoparium. Tertiary veinbanding symptoms induced by MCDV-T in susceptible grasses were always more pronounced than those caused by MCDV-M1. The differences in symptom severity and transmission efficiency observed between MCDV-M1 and MCDV-T support previous conclusions that MCDV-M1 should be considered a new MCDV strain. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RI Lopes, Joao/F-3439-2012 OI Lopes, Joao/0000-0002-9998-5473 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 876 EP 882 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PK479 UT WOS:A1994PK47900002 ER PT J AU EGEL, DS COTTY, PJ ELIAS, KS AF EGEL, DS COTTY, PJ ELIAS, KS TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ISOLATES OF ASPERGILLUS SECT FLAVI THAT VARY IN AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MYCOTOXINS; POPULATION GENETICS ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; DNA; PARASITICUS; CONTAMINATION; COTTONSEED; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; ENZYME; NOMIUS; ORYZAE AB Relationships among 47 fungal isolates belonging to Aspergillus flavus sect. flavi were inferred from restriction site variability in a portion of the Taka-amylase A gene. Portions (1,168 bp) of the gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA of A. flavus, A. oryzae, A. parasiticus, A. sojae, A. nomius, and A. tamarii. The resulting amplification products were subjected to restriction analysis. A UPGMA (unweighted paired group method with arithmetic averaging) dendrogram based on the analysis divided A. flavus into two clusters that were 98% similar. Both clusters included atoxigenic and toxigenic isolates, and one cluster contained all four isolates of A. oryzae examined. Isolates within the highly toxigenic S strain, which produced only B aflatoxins, were not differentiated from certain L strain isolates. However, two S strain isolates, which produced both B and G aflatoxins, differed by 18% from other A. flavus isolates and were almost as closely related to A. parasiticus isolates as to other A. flavus isolates. All isolates of both A. sojae and A. parasiticus were identical at all restriction sites tested. However, A. nomius isolates were highly variable. Conspecific variability was far greater within A. nomius species than within other aflatoxin-producing species. However, one isolate of A. tamarii differed from the three other A. tamarii isolates studied (which were identical at all tested sites) by 35%. Parsimony analyses of the restriction site data suggest that both A. flavus and A. parasiticus arose from an ancestor shared with A. nomius via an A. flavus S strain intermediate. The results support previous suggestions that A. sojae and A. oryzae are forms of A. parasiticus and A. flavus, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 27 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 906 EP 912 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-906 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PK479 UT WOS:A1994PK47900006 ER PT J AU HIRANO, SS CLAYTON, MK UPPER, CD AF HIRANO, SS CLAYTON, MK UPPER, CD TI ESTIMATION OF AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN MEANS AND VARIANCES OF POPULATIONS OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE ON SNAP BEAN LEAFLETS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL PLANT-PATHOGENS; ICE NUCLEATION; BROWN SPOT; DISEASE AB Temporal changes in means and variances of populations of Pseudomonas syringae were examined in experimental field plots (30 m X 30 m) of snap bean cultivar Cascade, For each of two plantings, 30 individual leaflets were collected 5 days/wk from plant emergence to pod harvest and processed by dilution plating to estimate population sizes of P. syringae. Because population sizes of P. syringae were below the limit of detection for our method on some of the leaflets from several of the sampling times, the effect of censoring on data analysis was examined. A maximum likelihood (ML) method was compared to assigning censored values the limit of sensitivity (LS). If fewer than 10% of the values were censored, there was little difference between the mean or the variance estimated by either method. However, differences between the two methods increased as the amount of censoring increased, and at about 80% censoring, use of the LS method resulted in an estimated mean about 100 times larger, and an estimated variance about four to eight times smaller than the ML method. Temporal changes in population sizes of P. syringae differed substantially between the two plantings established about 1 mo apart when time was expressed as days after planting but not when time was expressed as calendar date. This suggests that the weather or other physical factors may have a relatively greater influence on the population size of this bacterium than the growth stage of the bean plants on which they reside. During periods when population sizes of P. syringae were relatively large, the bacterium was the dominant component of bacterial communities on bean leaflets. Changes in population size of P. syringae were relatively small (less than fivefold) in most 24-h periods but were very large (as great as 2,000-fold) an relatively fewer occasions. The largest change within 24 h corresponded to a doubling time of 2.1 h, which is of similar order of magnitude to the optimal doubling time for this bacterium in culture. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT STAT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HIRANO, SS (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 934 EP 940 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-934 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PK479 UT WOS:A1994PK47900010 ER PT J AU PIERSON, EA WELLER, DM AF PIERSON, EA WELLER, DM TI USE OF MIXTURES OF FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS TO SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL AND IMPROVE THE GROWTH OF WHEAT SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT COLONIZATION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; RHIZOSPHERE; BACTERIA; STRAIN; SOIL; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL AB Fluorescent Pseudomonas strains were tested alone and in combinations for the ability to suppress take-all in greenhouse and growth chamber tests and to enhance the growth and yield of wheat in fields infested with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. In general, certain combinations of strains enhanced yield, whereas other mixtures and strains used individually did not. Overall, the best combinations were Q2-87 plus Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q65c-80, Q2-87 plus Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q69c-80, and Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q65c-80. For example, in a field test on spring-sown wheat at Pullman, WA, during 1989, the treatment Q2-87 plus Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q65c-80 significantly (P = 0.05) increased yield 20.4% compared to a nontreated control, whereas each strain used individually had no significant effect on yield. This work demonstrates the potential benefits of using combination treatments to suppress take-all and suggests the importance of additive and interactive effects among introduced bacteria in biological control. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 40 TC 195 Z9 223 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 940 EP 947 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-940 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PK479 UT WOS:A1994PK47900011 ER PT J AU SONG, HS LIM, SM WIDHOLM, JM AF SONG, HS LIM, SM WIDHOLM, JM TI SELECTION AND REGENERATION OF SOYBEANS RESISTANT TO THE PATHOTOXIC CULTURE FILTRATES OF SEPTORIA GLYCINES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-CULTURES; PLANTS; VARIABILITY; TOXIN; YIELD; RICE AB Soybean plants resistant to a host-specific pathotoxic culture filtrate of Septoria glycines were regenerated by organogenesis from immature embryos of the cultivar BSR 201 and from mature seeds of three genotypes, BSR 201, Fayette, and L1615. When the progeny obtained from immature embryos were evaluated for brown spot disease resistance in the field, the R(2) (the second selfed generation of regenerated plants) and R(3) resistant plants did not develop disease symptoms until the R6 growth stage. The incubation period of S. glycines in the resistant plants was at least 5 wk longer than the incubation period in susceptible plants. The resistant plants differed from their parental plants in height, maturity, growth habit, and fertility. Resistance to S. glycines culture filtrate continued to segregate in unexpected ways after several generations of selfing. Among the resistant plants obtained from mature seeds, only progeny from BSR 201 inherited disease resistance, and these plants were of normal height. The resistant plants obtained from immature embryos and mature seeds matured later than the parent. This study showed that soybean plants with resistance to S. glycines can be selected from cultured cells of brown spot-susceptible cultivars using pathotoxic culture filtrates of S. glycines. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SONG, HS (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 948 EP 951 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-948 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PK479 UT WOS:A1994PK47900012 ER PT J AU HOWELL, CR STIPANOVIC, RD AF HOWELL, CR STIPANOVIC, RD TI EFFECT OF STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON PHYTOTOXIN (VIRIDIOL) PRODUCTION BY GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS IN CULTURE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; DAMPING-OFF; COTTON AB The steroid phytotoxin viridiol produced by Gliocladium virens is a Greater amounts of the antibiotic-producing biocontrol preparation can major limiting factor in the amount of G. virens-millet preparation that thus be used to treat seed without concomitant phytotoxic effects on can be used on cottonseed to control damping-off incited by Rhizoctonia the emerging seedling radicle. solani and Pythium ultimum. Treatment of developing G. virens cultures with 1 mu g ml(-1) of the sterol production inhibitors propiconazole or flusilazole and 1-4 mu g ml(-1) of myclobutanil or triadimenol suppressed viridiol production without significant adverse effect on the growth of G. virens or on the biosynthesis of the nonsteroid antibiotics gliotoxin and gliovirin. Greater amounts of the antibiotic-producing biocontrol preparation can thus be used to treat seed without concomitant phytotoxic effects on the emerging seedling radicle. RP HOWELL, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 969 EP 972 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-969 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PK479 UT WOS:A1994PK47900015 ER PT J AU MORGAN, JA HUNT, HW MONZ, CA LECAIN, DR AF MORGAN, JA HUNT, HW MONZ, CA LECAIN, DR TI CONSEQUENCES OF GROWTH AT 2 CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS AND 2 TEMPERATURES FOR LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE IN PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII (C-3) AND BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS (C-4) SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE BLUE GRAMA; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATIC CHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRAIRIE; SHORT-GRASS STEPPE; TRANSPIRATION; WESTERN WHEATGRASS ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; ELEVATED CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; RESPONSES; PLANTS; ECOSYSTEMS; ENRICHMENT; GRASS; PRODUCTIVITY; PRAIRIE AB Continually rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and possible climatic change may cause significant changes in plant communities. This study was undertaken to investigate gas exchange in two important grass species of the short-grass steppe, Pascopyrum smithii (western wheatgrass), C-3, and Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama), C4, grown at different CO2 concentrations and temperatures. Intact soil cores containing each species were extracted from grasslands in north-eastern Colorado, USA, placed in growth chambers, and grown at combinations of two CO2 concentrations (350 and 700 mu mol mol(-1)) and two temperature regimes (field average and elevated by 4 degrees C). Leaf gas exchange was measured during the second, third and fourth growth seasons. All plants exhibited higher leaf CO2 assimilation rates (A) with increasing measurement CO2 concentration, with greater responses being observed in the cool-season C-3 species P. smithii. Changes in the shape of intercellular CO2 response curves of A for both species indicated photosynthetic acclimation to the different growth environments, The photosynthetic capacity of P. smithii leaves tended to be reduced in plants grown at high CO2 concentrations, although A for plants grown and measured at 700 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 was 41% greater than that in plants grown and measured at 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2. Low leaf N concentration may have contributed to photosynthetic acclimation to CO2. A severe reduction in photosynthetic capacity was exhibited in P. smithii plants grown long-term at elevated temperatures. As a result, the potential response of photosynthesis to CO2 enrichment was reduced in P. smithii plants grown long-term at the higher temperature. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND ECOSYST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP MORGAN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 41 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1023 EP 1033 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02025.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF525 UT WOS:A1994PF52500005 ER PT J AU RAMAGOPAL, S AF RAMAGOPAL, S TI PROTEIN VARIATION ACCOMPANIES LEAF DEDIFFERENTIATION IN SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM-OFFICINARUM) AND IS INFLUENCED BY GENOTYPE SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE TISSUE CULTURE; MORPHOGENESIS; GENOTYPE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR MARKERS ID EMBRYOGENESIS; REGENERATION AB Tissue culture lines (morphogenic and nonmorphogenic) were established in five genotypes of Saccharum officinarum L. Changes in protein expression after dedifferentiation of leaf tissue into callus were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins. The findings demonstrated that protein expression was regulated both quantitatively and qualitatively in all five genotypes of sugarcane. Sixty-three dedifferention-proteins were identified, of which thirty-three were common to all genotypes. The expression of the remainder was dependent on the genotype, suggesting that the genotype within the same sugarcane species plays an important role in dedifferentiation. Three of the dedifferentiation-proteins were specific to morphogenic callus lines and one to nonmorphogenic callus lines. These proteins can be useful in characterizing the biochemical, molecular, and genetic properties of cultured cells in sugarcane, and in understanding the influence of genotype in the induction of dedifferentiation-proteins and their role in morphogenesis. C1 UNIV IDAHO,USDA,ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD SEP PY 1994 VL 13 IS 12 BP 692 EP 696 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PJ380 UT WOS:A1994PJ38000008 PM 24193522 ER PT J AU WILSON, CL ELGHAOUTH, A CHALUTZ, E DROBY, S STEVENS, C LU, JY KHAN, V ARUL, J AF WILSON, CL ELGHAOUTH, A CHALUTZ, E DROBY, S STEVENS, C LU, JY KHAN, V ARUL, J TI POTENTIAL OF INDUCED RESISTANCE TO CONTROL POSTHARVEST DISEASES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UV-INDUCED RESISTANCE; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; RHIZOPUS-STOLONIFER; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PATHOGENS; CHITOSAN; INDUCTION; PEACHES; ROTS C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT POSTHARVEST SCI,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. TUSKEGEE UNIV,DEPT AGR SCI,GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER AGR EXPT STN,TUSKEGEE,AL. UNIV LAVAL,CTR HORT RES,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,PQ,CANADA. RP WILSON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 28 TC 134 Z9 168 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 837 EP 844 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000001 ER PT J AU WELTY, RE CRAIG, AM AZEVEDO, MD AF WELTY, RE CRAIG, AM AZEVEDO, MD TI VARIABILITY OF ERGOVALINE IN SEEDS AND STRAW AND ENDOPHYTE INFECTION IN SEEDS AMONG ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED GENOTYPES OF TALL FESCUE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ERGOPEPTIDES ID EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; LEAF SHEATHS; GRASSES; ACREMONIUM AB Individual plant genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivar Kentucky 31 infected (E+) or not infected (E-) by the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum growing for 2 yr in field plots were evaluated for ergovaline in seeds and straw and for percent endophyte infection in seeds. Ergovaline (analyzed by HPLC) in straw from 25 E+ genotypes ranged from 8 to 1,268 ng/g in 1991 and from 0 to 478 ng/g in 1992; mean ergovaline concentration in straw from E+ genotypes in 1991 (292 ng/g) differed (F value = 7.42, P = 0.008) from that in 1992 (130 ng/g). Ergovaline concentration in seed ranged from 2 to 6,064 ng/g in 1991 and from 3 to 8,659 ng/g in 1992; mean ergovaline concentration in seeds from EC genotypes was similar (F value = 0.21) in 1991 (2,509 ng/g) and 1992 (2,295 ng/g). Percent endophyte-infected seeds (stained and examined microscopically) among E+ genotypes was variable and ranged from 2 to 100% in 1991 and from 0 to 100% in 1992, but means were statistically similar (F value = 0.2) between years (84% in 1991 and 80% in 1992). This study provides evidence that among E+ genotypes of tall fescue growing in the field, variation exists in production of ergovaline and percent endophyte-infected seed. Furthermore, ergovaline in straw from E+ genotypes varies between years. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP WELTY, RE (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Craig, A. Morrie/J-5857-2013 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 845 EP 849 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000002 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, KL REILLY, CC HOTCHKISS, MW HENDRIX, FF AF REYNOLDS, KL REILLY, CC HOTCHKISS, MW HENDRIX, FF TI REMOVAL OF FENTIN HYDROXIDE FROM PECAN SEEDLINGS BY SIMULATED RAIN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS METHOD; POTATO FOLIAGE; ACIDIC RAIN; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; LATE BLIGHT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FUNGICIDES; RESISTANCE; RETENTION; CULTIVAR AB A rainfall simulator was used to examine the influence of a synthetic latex spray adjuvant and pecan cultivar on removal of fentin hydroxide (TPTH) from pecan foliage. Six-week-old pecan seedlings were sprayed with TPTH with or without adjuvant, allowed to dry, and exposed to 0, 0.25, 1.27, 2.54, or 5.08 cm of simulated rain. The initial concentration of tin on sprayed leaves was normally distributed, with greater variation on leaves sprayed with TPTH without adjuvant. In most cases the fungicide was removed at a constant rate with increasing rainfall. Addition of the spray adjuvant resulted in significantly greater fungicide tenacity after relatively light rains of 2.54 cm or less, although after an additional 2.54 cm, there was no significant difference between fungicide residues on leaves treated with or without adjuvant. Removal of fungicide by rain was examined on seedlings of 13 pecan cultivars. The percentage of tin removed after 5.08 cm of rain did not differ significantly among cultivars in the first run of the experiment. In the second run, significantly less tin was removed from leaves of seedlings of cultivars Moneymaker and Moore than the other cultivars. Differences in leaf surface characteristics among pecan cultivars have been reported and may be responsible for observed differences in fungicide tenacity. C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP REYNOLDS, KL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 857 EP 861 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000005 ER PT J AU SMILANICK, JL GOATES, BJ DENISARRUE, R SIMMONS, GF PETERSON, GL HENSON, DJ RIJ, RE AF SMILANICK, JL GOATES, BJ DENISARRUE, R SIMMONS, GF PETERSON, GL HENSON, DJ RIJ, RE TI GERMINABILITY OF TILLETIA SPP TELIOSPORES AFTER HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE TREATMENT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SPORICIDAL PROPERTIES; BACTERIAL-SPORES; DWARF BUNT; WHEAT; GERMINATION; VAPOR; IRRADIATION; RESISTANCE; FUMIGATION; ORGANISMS AB Three methods of hydrogen peroxide treatment tested to control germination of teliospores of Tilletia spp. contaminating wheat or barley seeds were: 1) immersion in heated aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide, 2) exposure to water-saturated hydrogen peroxide vapors produced by bubbling air through hydrogen peroxide solutions, and 3) treatment in a chemosterilizer that produces hydrogen peroxide vapor by a pulse-injection system (VHP) that includes control of vapor moisture content. Teliospores of T. controversa and T. tritici would not germinate after immersion for 6 min in 1.0 M (3.5%, w/v) hydrogen peroxide solution at 45 or 50 C. Teliospores would germinate after treatment with water-saturated hydrogen peroxide Vapors for as long as 15 min. Teliospores on the surface of wheat seed would not germinate after treatment for 5 min in the VHP system at 46-48 C. Germination was reduced 95-99% by treatment for 1 min in the VHP system. The system was equally effective when applied with deep (38 mm Hg) or shallow (680 mm Hg) vacuum. The treatment did not wet wheat or barley seeds or influence their germinability even if applied for more than 30 min. Barley malting quality was not influenced by VHP system treatment. When intact sori were fumigated, however, most teliospores within the sori of both fungi survived. Similar results were obtained with T. fusca var. guyotiana and T. f. bromi-tectorum. Although the VHP system has insufficient activity for quarantine purposes if sori are present, it may be a practical seed-surface disinfestation process for nonhost seeds, such as barley, where contaminating teliospores from grain handling equipment are borne superficially on seed and sori are rarely or not present. The potency of hydrogen peroxide vapors from the VHP system was equivalent to brief immersion in heated hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite solutions but superior to water-saturated hydrogen peroxide vapor and to fumigants such as methyl bromide, propylene oxide, and chloropicrin. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP SMILANICK, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 861 EP 865 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000006 ER PT J AU PALM, ME CIVEROLO, EL AF PALM, ME CIVEROLO, EL TI ISOLATION, PATHOGENICITY, AND PARTIAL HOST-RANGE OF ALTERNARIA-LIMICOLA, CAUSAL AGENT OF MANCHA-FOLIAR-DE-LOS-CITRICOS IN MEXICO SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SPOT DISEASE; THEMES AB Alternaria limicola is confirmed as the cause of mancha foliar de los citricos (citrus leaf spot), a leaf and twig disease of citrus in Mexico, formerly called ''citrus bacteriosis.'' The fungus was isolated from 15 of 16 samples of symptomatic leaves of six species of Citrus collected during 1989 and 1990 in the Pacific coast state of Colima and from symptomatic leaves of an additional species of Citrus collected during 1990 in Guerrero, Mexico. Xanthomonas campestris was not isolated from any of the leaf lesions. Greenhouse-grown Mexican lime (C. aurantiifolia) and Duncan grapefruit (C. X paradisi) seedlings were inoculated by spraying young, actively growing, terminal foliage with aqueous suspensions containing 200-400 conidia per milliliter of either A. limicola or A. citri. Lesions similar to those observed on naturally infected plants developed only on those plants inoculated with A, limicola. The fungus was reisolated from all inoculated plants. This work confirms previous reports that the primary cause of mancha foliar de los citricos is a species of Alternaria and extends previous studies by fulfilling Koch's postulates for A. limicola. Additionally, it was determined that isolates of A. limicola from six other species of Citrus were identical in morphology to isolates from Mexican lime. Koch's postulates for isolates from these six additional host species were fulfilled. Lesion age and part of the lesion excised affected the isolation frequency of A. limicola. The highest isolation frequencies were from the part of the maturing lesions that included a high percentage of the necrotic area and from old lesions. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PALM, ME (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 879 EP 883 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000010 ER PT J AU BIGGS, AR ELKHOLI, MM ELNESHAWY, SM AF BIGGS, AR ELKHOLI, MM ELNESHAWY, SM TI EFFECT OF CALCIUM SALTS ON GROWTH, PECTIC ENZYME-ACTIVITY, AND COLONIZATION OF PEACH TWIGS BY LEUCOSTOMA-PERSOONII SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BARK; DECAY; INFECTION; WOUNDS; APPLES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; SUBERIN; CINCTA; LIGNIN AB The effects of several calcium salts on in vitro growth, pectic enzyme activity, and colonization of excised peach twigs by the peach canker fungus, Leucostoma persoonii, were investigated. Fungal growth was determined on potato-dextrose agar amended with various calcium salts. The greatest growth reduction (85%) was caused by calcium propionate, followed by calcium hydroxide (76%) and calcium silicate (73%). The fungicides captan, iprodione, and thiophanate-methyl completely inhibited fungal growth. Lesion length was reduced when excised peach twigs were wounded with a cork borer, dipped for 15 or 60 min in the various calcium solutions, and inoculated with L. persoonii. For 15-min dips, lesion length was reduced more than 70% by calcium silicate, iprodione, and calcium propionate. After 15 min, calcium in the bark was not greater than that in the distilled, deionized water control. When twig segments were dipped for 60 min, lesion length was reduced more than 70% by calcium acetate, calcium sulfate, calcium heptagluconate, calcium oxide, calcium succinate, calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, and the fungicide iprodione. No lesions occurred when twigs were treated with calcium propionate, captan, and thiophanate-methyl After 60 min, only twigs dipped in calcium sulfate showed significantly elevated levels of bark Ca2+. Canker length and calcium content of bark were negatively correlated (r = -0.26, P less than or equal to 0.05) after the 15-min treatment. No correlation was found with the 60-min dip, even though calcium content of the bark had increased significantly. When L. persoonii was grown on Ca2+ -amended media, pectin lyase activity was not reduced significantly by any treatment. Calcium oxide and calcium propionate, and calcium silicate treatments reduced polygalacturonase activity after 7 and 15 days, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP BIGGS, AR (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,UNIV EXPT FARM,POB 609,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. OI Biggs, Alan/0000-0001-8362-9530 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 886 EP 890 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000012 ER PT J AU LONG, DL ROELFS, AP LEONARD, KJ ROBERTS, JJ AF LONG, DL ROELFS, AP LEONARD, KJ ROBERTS, JJ TI VIRULENCE AND DIVERSITY OF PUCCINIA-RECONDITA F SP TRITICI IN THE UNITED-STATES IN 1992 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE PLANT DISEASE MONITORING; RUST EPIDEMIOLOGY; WHEAT LEAF RUST ID PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; WHEAT CULTIVARS; CANADA; TEXAS; POPULATIONS; GRAMINIS; AREAS AB Isolates of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici were obtained from wheat leaf collections made by cooperators throughout the United States and from cereal rust field surveys of the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Gulf Coast states in 1992. Fifty-two virulence/avirulence phenotypes were found among 728 single uredinial isolates on 14 host lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance. The frequencies of virulence to lines with Lr24 and Lr26 during 1992 were greater than in previous years. Regional race distribution patterns again suggested that the central United States is a single epidemiological unit distinct from the eastern United States. The distinctive racial composition of collections from the Southeast, Northeast, and Ohio Valley indicate that populations of P. r. tritici in those areas are discrete, suggesting epidemics originate from localized overwintering sources. Although collections from nurseries were not significantly more diverse than collections from fields, they did differ substantially in some areas. In the Northeast, the racial composition of nursery collections showed little relationship to that in field collections. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP LONG, DL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,1551 LINDIG ST,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 901 EP 906 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000017 ER PT J AU NOEL, GR WHITE, D AF NOEL, GR WHITE, D TI HOSTA - A NEW HOST RECORD FOR APHELENCHOIDES FRAGARIAE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61821. RP NOEL, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61821, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 924 EP 924 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000024 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR AF WISEMAN, BR TI PLANT-RESISTANCE TO INSECTS IN INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE IPM ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS HYMENOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE DEVELOPMENT; INHERITED STERILITY; CORN GENOTYPES; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; SILKS; ICHNEUMONIDAE; PARASITISM AB Resistance in plants to insects is usually associated with the relative amount of damage to plants by pests compared with damage on more susceptible crops. Plant resistance mechanisms are nonpreference, antibiosis, and tolerance. Discussions are presented to illustrate the value of plant resistance in an integrated pest management system with nonpreference, antibiosis, or tolerance as the basis of the resistance. Plant resistance is also shown as the primary insect control agent or in an integrated pest management system with insecticides, biocontrol agents, inherited sterility, or cultural control. Regardless of the situation, a resistant cultivar is mere desirable than a susceptible cultivar. The use of the resistant cultivar is biologically, ecologically, economically, and socially feasible. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 78 IS 9 BP 927 EP 932 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF300 UT WOS:A1994PF30000036 ER PT J AU MUSCHIETTI, J DIRCKS, L VANCANNEYT, G MCCORMICK, S AF MUSCHIETTI, J DIRCKS, L VANCANNEYT, G MCCORMICK, S TI LAT52 PROTEIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR TOMATO POLLEN DEVELOPMENT - POLLEN EXPRESSING ANTISENSE LAT52 RNA HYDRATES AND GERMINATES ABNORMALLY AND CANNOT ACHIEVE FERTILIZATION SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMED TOBACCO PLANTS; TRANSGENIC POTATO PLANTS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; TETRAGONOLOBUS L DC; GENE-EXPRESSION; TUBE GROWTH; NICOTIANA-ALATA; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; INSECT CELLS; INHIBITION AB The LAT52 gene of tomato is expressed in a pollen-specific manner. It is shown that LAT52 encodes a heat-stable, glycosylated protein that traverses the secretory pathway when expressed in a baculovirus expression system. The LAT52 protein shows some similarity with Kunitz trypsin inhibitors and with pollen proteins from maize, rice and olive, but the biological function of these pollen proteins is unknown. To test whether the LAT52 protein plays an important role during pollen development, tomato plants were transformed with an antisense LAT52 gene driven by the LAT52 promoter. Because the LAT52 gene is expressed gametophytically, only 50% of the pollen of the primary transformants would be expected to express the antisense construct. Self-progeny of 19 of the primary transformants showed the predicted 3:1 segregation for a single locus insertion of the linked kanamycin-resistance gene. However, the self-progeny of the other 32 primary transformants showed a 1:1 segregation pattern and could not transmit the linked kanamycin-resistance gene through the male. A subset of these 1:1 segregation class plants was examined in detail. The pollen showed lower levels of LAT52 mRNA and LAT52 protein when compared with wild-type. In vitro, approximately 50% of the pollen grains appear to hydrate abnormally; this anomaly is not present when the same pollen grains are incubated in a medium with higher water potential. In vivo pollination experiments showed that the growth of around 50% of the pollen tubes is arrested in the style. The 3:1 segregation class plants showed no significant differences from untransformed control plants. Taken together, the results show a direct correlation between the reduced expression of LAT52 protein and abnormal pollen function, and suggest that the LAT52 protein plays a role in pollen hydration and/or pollen germination. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Vancanneyt, Guy/P-3809-2015; OI Vancanneyt, Guy/0000-0003-2557-0723; Muschietti, Jorge/0000-0002-5719-4833; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 77 TC 143 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 6 IS 3 BP 321 EP 338 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.06030321.x PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF500 UT WOS:A1994PF50000004 PM 7920720 ER PT J AU ZHOU, DB MATTOO, A LI, N IMASEKI, H SOLOMOS, T AF ZHOU, DB MATTOO, A LI, N IMASEKI, H SOLOMOS, T TI COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF POTATO-TUBER ACID INVERTASE CDNA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TOMATO FRUIT; CLONING; EXPRESSION C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL INST BASIC BIOL,OKAZAKI,JAPAN. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 106 IS 1 BP 397 EP 398 DI 10.1104/pp.106.1.397 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF709 UT WOS:A1994PF70900050 PM 7972524 ER PT J AU ROY, S JAUNEAU, A VIAN, B AF ROY, S JAUNEAU, A VIAN, B TI ANALYTICAL DETECTION OF CALCIUM-IONS AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL VISUALIZATION OF HOMOGALACTURONIC SEQUENCES IN THE RIPE CHERRY TOMATO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HOMOGALACTURONAN; IMMUNODETECTION; SIMS; RIPENING; IGSS; LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY SIMS; CELL-WALLS; INTERCELLULAR SPACES; PLANT-CELLS; FRUIT; MICROSCOPY; PECTIN; POLYGALACTURONASE; LOCALIZATION; POTASSIUM AB The softening process in the ripening of fleshy fruit involves biochemical changes in the cell wall. Cell wail autolysis is brought about by the solubilisation of pectic polysaccharides. Calcium, as a constituent of the cell wall, plays an important role in interacting with pectic acid polymers to form cross-bridges which influence cell wall strength. In our study, the monoclonal antibody (JIM5) which recognizes unesterified homogalacturonan sequences, was used, either for immunofluorescence studies or for immunogold silver staining (IGSS) studies, to visualize poorly methylated pectic sequences, i.e. the anionic sites of calcium binding in ripe cherry tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L., var. cerasiforme. In parallel the distribution of calcium ions within the fruit was detected with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The results indicate the occurrence of microdomains in the cell wall. High contents of unesterified homogalacturonan sequences was found in the middle lamella, in the corner of the intercellular air spaces, and in the corner of the cell separation spaces. Visualization of calcium ions is in accordance with the presence of un-esterified homogalacturonan sequences localized by immunocytochemistry. The corner of the intercellular air spaces and the cell separation spaces were outlined with conspicuous triangular signals. Data emphasize the role of calcium as a last barrier before total cell separation. C1 INST NATL AGRON PARIS GRIGNON,PHYTOPATHOL LAB,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. FAC SCI & TECH ROUEN,PROC ION CELLULAIRES LAB,CNRS,URA 203,F-76821 MONT ST AIGNAN,FRANCE. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 32 IS 5 BP 633 EP 640 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PK006 UT WOS:A1994PK00600004 ER PT J AU ODONOGHUE, EM HUBER, DJ TIMPA, JD ERDOS, GW BRECHT, JK AF ODONOGHUE, EM HUBER, DJ TIMPA, JD ERDOS, GW BRECHT, JK TI INFLUENCE OF AVOCADO (PERSEA-AMERICANA) CX-CELLULASE ON THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF AVOCADO CELLULOSE SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE CELLULOSE; CX-CELLULASE; FRUIT (RIPENING, SOFTENING); PERSEA (FRUIT RIPENING) ID PLANT-CELL WALL; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PECTIN SOLUBILITY; PEA XYLOGLUCAN; FRUIT; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION AB Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit produce copious quantities of the enzyme Cx-cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) during ripening. The possibility that Cx-cellulase is able to disrupt cellulose microfibril oranization was investigated using molecular weight (M(r)), x-ray diffraction, and ultrastructural analyses of cell walls from unripe avocado fruit incubated with the purified enzyme. Results indicate that Cx-cellulase causes a downshift in the M(r) of unbranched cell-wall polymers in the M(r) range of 10(6)-10(7) Da. There is an increase in the proportion of crystalline cellulose, and cellulose fibrils appear to lose cohesiveness in response to enzyme activity. We propose that Cx-cellulase attacks avocado cellulose at accessible sites in the peripheral and integral noncrystalline regions of the microfibril, resulting in a loss of cohesiveness within the fibril structure and an alteration in the binding of associated cell-wall matrix polysaccharides. The initial loss of avocado mesocarp firmness during fruit ripening may be linked to the onset of Cx-cellulase activity. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT HORT SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 71079. UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & CELL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013; O'Donoghue, Erin/D-5402-2016 OI O'Donoghue, Erin/0000-0002-2840-6649 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 1994 VL 194 IS 4 BP 573 EP 584 DI 10.1007/BF00714472 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM912 UT WOS:A1994PM91200018 ER PT J AU KUBENA, LF SMITH, EE GENTLES, A HARVEY, RB EDRINGTON, TS PHILLIPS, TD ROTTINGHAUS, GE AF KUBENA, LF SMITH, EE GENTLES, A HARVEY, RB EDRINGTON, TS PHILLIPS, TD ROTTINGHAUS, GE TI INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED TOXICITY OF T-2 TOXIN AND CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID IN BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE T-2 TOXIN; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; MYCOTOXIN; INTERACTION; CHICKEN ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; OCHRATOXIN-A; ORAL LESIONS; AFLATOXIN; DIACETOXYSCIRPENOL; COMBINATION; MYCOTOXICOSIS; DEOXYNIVALENOL; T-2-TOXIN AB The effects of feeding 6 mg T-2 toxin (T-2) and 34 mg cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)/kg of diet singly and in combination were characterized in male broiler chicks from 1 d to 3 wk of age. Body weights were depressed by T-2, CPA, and the combination of T-2 and CPA. There was a significant synergistic interaction between T-2 and CPA for relative liver and kidney weights and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and a significant interaction between T-2 and CPA for 3-wk body weights and relative bursa of Fabricius weights, which were less than additive. Neither the efficiency of feed utilization nor mortality was affected by dietary treatments. Oral lesions were present in a majority of the chicks fed diets containing T-2 with or without CPA, When compared with controls, other variables measured exhibited additive or less than additive toxicity. These data demonstrate that T-2 and CPA alone and in combination can cause reduced performance and adversely affect broiler health. The effects of these mycotoxins may be exacerbated by other factors when under field conditions; hence, the potential detrimental effects of these two mycotoxins when present alone or in combination cannot be dismissed. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR RES CTR,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP KUBENA, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 42 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1390 EP 1397 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PH894 UT WOS:A1994PH89400005 PM 7800637 ER PT J AU MAY, JD LOTT, BD AF MAY, JD LOTT, BD TI EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON ANTICIPATORY FEEDING BY BROILERS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BROILER; TEMPERATURE; PERIODIC FEEDING; ANTICIPATORY FEEDING; LIGHT AB The objective of this research was to determine the effects of daily cycles of light intensity and temperature on anticipatory feeding by broilers. Broilers were maintained on litter in environmental chambers with feed provided for 12 h/d. Feed consumption was recorded by computer every 30 min and summarized for 2- and 24-h periods. In Trial 1, lighting was at 16 lx for 12 h and at 94 lx for 12 h each day. Feed was provided either during the 16- or 94-lx period. Broilers consumed more feed at the onset of feeding and at the end of the feeding period than at other times in both treatments. In Trials 2 and 3, the chamber temperature was cycled such that a 12-h feeding period was provided at either 32 or 16 C. Broilers consumed more feed at the onset of feeding than at other times but did not increase consumption at the end of the feeding period. The results indicate anticipatory feeding is enabled by cyclic lighting intensity but not by cyclic temperature. In Trial 4, the light intensity and temperature were cyclic. Feed was provided during high light intensity and at maximum temperatures. Feed consumption increased when temperature was declining, indicating broilers responded to the reduced temperature. The results show that a period of darkness is not required for anticipatory feeding and that environmental temperatures and lighting typical of curtain-sided broiler houses alter feed consumption patterns. RP MAY, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1398 EP 1403 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PH894 UT WOS:A1994PH89400006 PM 7800638 ER PT J AU HOLLISTER, AG CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ BEIER, RC DELOACH, JR AF HOLLISTER, AG CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ BEIER, RC DELOACH, JR TI EFFECT OF CECAL CULTURES LYOPHILIZED IN SKIM MILK OR REAGENT-20 ON SALMONELLA COLONIZATION IN BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; SKIM MILK; SUCROSE; LYOPHILIZATION; BROILER ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; DROPLET APPLICATION; PROTECTING CHICKS; DIETARY LACTOSE; PREVENTION; INFECTION; MICROFLORA; POULTRY; FEED AB Mixed cultures of cecal bacteria that were grown under continuous flow anaerobic conditions were prepared as lyophilized powder in skim milk or Reagent 20 (R-20; a mixture containing sucrose and bovine serum albumin fraction V) and compared with broth cultures for reduction of Salmonella typhimurium enteric colonization. Day old broiler chicks were provided a standard corn-soybean diet with: 1) no culture, (control); 2) broth culture administered by crop gavage; 3) broth culture added to the drinking water; 4) culture lyophilized in skim milk and added to drinking water; 5) culture lyophilized in skim milk in gelatin capsules and force-fed; 6) culture lyophilized in R-20 and added to drinking water; and 7) culture lyophilized in R-20 in gelatin capsules and force-fed. All groups were challenged on Day 3 with 10(4) cfu of S. typhimurium per chick. Culture by crop gavage, culture in the drinking water, skim milk powder in capsules, and R-20 powder in the water and in capsules significantly (P <.05) reduced mean Salmonella colony-forming units in cecal contents by 3.21 to 5.26 log(10) units at 10 d of age. Likewise, the number of cecal-culture-positive chicks in the same groups was significantly less than controls with reductions of 27 to 67%. The numbers of Salmonella per gram of cecal contents and the percentage of cecal-culture-positive chicks in the skim milk powder in the drinking water group were not different from control chicks in one of two experiments. The results suggest that the culture of cecal bacteria lyophilized in R-20 was as effective as the same culture in broth form for the reduction of Salmonella colonization in broiler chicks and demonstrate a practical delivery method that could be easily incorporated into current industry practices. RP HOLLISTER, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1409 EP 1416 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PH894 UT WOS:A1994PH89400008 PM 7800640 ER PT J AU LYON, BG LYON, CE HUDSPETH, JP AF LYON, BG LYON, CE HUDSPETH, JP TI TEXTURE PROFILES OF CANNED BONED CHICKEN AS AFFECTED BY CHILLING-AGING TIMES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE POULTRY; POSTMORTEM AGING; TEXTURE; SENSORY ANALYSIS; CANNED CHICKEN ID BROILER BREAST MEAT; YIELD AB After processing with electrical stimulation, defeathering, and evisceration, whole birds were chilled either 0, 2, 8, or 24 h. Whole carcasses were then water-cooked (88 C). Breast meat was removed, diced (approximately 12.5 mm(3)), packed into 306 x 108 cans (142 g), and retorted under commercial conditions. Samples were evaluated by a trained 12-member sensory panel using a 22-attribute texture scoring system. Canned samples from birds chilled <1 or 2 h were scored (P less than or equal to.05) higher for springiness, hardness, chewiness, and cohesiveness of mass. Particle size and shape, fibrousness, cohesiveness of mass, and chew count were higher for <1 h samples. Diced pieces retained integrity (particle size and shape) after retorting for 0- or 2-h treatments but not for 8- or 24-h treatments. Textural fibrousness and cohesiveness of mass associated with shortened aging-chilling times and subsequent cooking of chicken meat may be an asset for products that undergo further heat treatments, such as retorting. C1 CAMPBELLS RES & DEV,FARMINGTON,AR 72702. RP LYON, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1475 EP 1478 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PH894 UT WOS:A1994PH89400019 ER PT J AU SIEV, D AF SIEV, D TI ESTIMATING VACCINE EFFICACY IN PROSPECTIVE STUDIES SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI BACTERIN; 2 BINOMIAL PROPORTIONS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; RISK RATIO; DIFFERENCE; PARAMETERS; COHORT AB Vaccine efficacy may be estimated by comparing affected proportions or incidence rates between groups of vaccinates and non-vaccinates. This paper discusses vaccine efficacy assessment and reviews interval estimation methods for summary measures from clinical trials and cohort studies of a protective exposure. The measures considered are the attributable fraction as the complement of the risk ratio or incidence density ratio, and the difference in risks or incidence densities. A simple formula is developed for the score method of estimating the incidence density ratio. The application of these methods is illustrated using recent reports of veterinary vaccine studies. RP SIEV, D (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,223 S WALNUT AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP 279 EP 296 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(94)90061-2 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PJ370 UT WOS:A1994PJ37000004 ER PT J AU PINTER, PJ MORAN, MS AF PINTER, PJ MORAN, MS TI REMOTE-SENSING OF SOILS AND VEGETATION SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP PINTER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 167 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90011-6 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PK030 UT WOS:A1994PK03000001 ER PT J AU PRICE, JC AF PRICE, JC TI HOW UNIQUE ARE SPECTRAL SIGNATURES SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing of Soils and Vegetation Symposium CY 1993 CL TEMPE, AZ ID SOIL REFLECTANCE AB Recent improvements in instrumentation have made possible the acquisition of high spectral resolution image data corresponding to spectral reflectance signatures. It would seem that sufficiently high spectral resolution, of order 0.01 mu m, would be adequate to permit unique discrimination of virtually any soils, vegetation types, and rocks, but we show by example that this is not necessarily the case. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 13 TC 180 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90013-2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PK030 UT WOS:A1994PK03000003 ER PT J AU FRANK, AB AASE, JK AF FRANK, AB AASE, JK TI RESIDUE EFFECTS ON RADIOMETRIC REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS OF NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS RANGELANDS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing of Soils and Vegetation Symposium CY 1993 CL TEMPE, AZ ID SPECTRAL INDEXES; SENEGALESE SAHEL; SOIL; VEGETATION AB The diversity of rangeland ecosystems makes application of remote sensing data difficult. This study was conducted to determine the effects of plant surface residue on rangeland canopy radiometric measurements. Measurements were made on moderately and heavily grazed native rangeland pastures. Standing senesced plant residue was collected and spread in the autumn to establish treatments of 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% ground cover. Canopy radiometric measurements were made weekly the following grazing season using the red (RED) (0.63-0.69 mu m) and near infrared (NIR) (0.76-0.90 mu m) wavebands of a Mark II radiometer. We examined relationships between wavebands, ratio vegetation index (R = NIR / RED), the normalized difference vegetation index [ND = (NIR - RED) / (NIR + RED)] and forage dry matter accumulation and surface plant residue. All wavebands and indices were significantly related to dry matter accumulation on both moderately and heavily grazed pastures. Separation of residue treatments by radiometric measurements was more evident on moderately grazed than on heavily grazed pastures. Red reflectance was most sensitive to surface residue treatments and separated residue from no residue plots until early June when green growth became dominant. Vegetation indices R and ND tended to be lower for the 100% surface residue treatment for both pastures and higher for the 0% treatment for the moderately grazed pasture. Results suggest that different amounts of surface residue would not greatly interfere with using radiometric measurements to predict dry matter accumulation on Northern Great Plains native rangeland. C1 USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES LAB,SIDNEY,MT. RP FRANK, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90015-9 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PK030 UT WOS:A1994PK03000005 ER PT J AU WIEGAND, CL RHOADES, JD ESCOBAR, DE EVERITT, JH AF WIEGAND, CL RHOADES, JD ESCOBAR, DE EVERITT, JH TI PHOTOGRAPHIC AND VIDEOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS FOR DETERMINING AND MAPPING THE RESPONSE OF COTTON TO SOIL-SALINITY SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing of Soils and Vegetation Symposium CY 1993 CL TEMPE, AZ ID VEGETATION INDEXES; LEAF-AREA; IMAGERY; YIELD AB Better ways are needed to assess the extent and severity of soil salinity in fields in terms of economic impact on crap production and effectiveness of reclamation efforts. Procedures to help meet these needs were developed from soil salinity, plant height and boll counts, and digitized color infrared aerial photography and videography acquired during midboll set development stage for four salt-affected cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) fields in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Unsupervised classification procedures were used to produce seven-category spectral maps by field. Regression equations were developed from salinity measurements in the surface 30 cm (EC1) at 100-200 sample sites per field and the photography and videography digital counts at those same sites. The equations were used to estimate the salinity of each of the approximately 100,000 pixels per field, and the salinity categories corresponding to the spectral ones were mapped. The spectral classification maps and the estimated salinity maps corresponded well. Boll counts, made at about 20 sites per field, were converted to lint yield and regressed on NDVI from both the photography and videography; the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.72 for video and 0.73 for the photographic data. Lint yields decreased by 43 +/- 10 kg ha(-1) per dS m(-1) increase in EC1, or $52 +/- 12 ha(-1) at current market prices. Our results illustrate very practical ways to combine image analysis capability, spectral observations, and ground truth to map and quantify the severity of soil salinity and its effects on crops. C1 USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501 USA. RP WIEGAND, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT, SUBTROP AGR RES LAB, 2413 E HWY 83, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90017-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PK030 UT WOS:A1994PK03000007 ER PT J AU REICOSKY, DC BROWN, PW MORAN, MS AF REICOSKY, DC BROWN, PW MORAN, MS TI DIURNAL TRENDS IN WHEAT CANOPY TEMPERATURE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing of Soils and Vegetation Symposium CY 1993 CL TEMPE, AZ ID PORTABLE CHAMBER; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; SPRING WHEAT; RADIATION; EXCHANGE; EVAPORATION AB Remote sensing technology to study vegetative canopies by measuring optical, thermal, and microwave signatures provides optimism for frequent characterization of plant performance in the field. Ground truth data are required in the calibration and the validation of satellite data. The objective of this work was to measure canopy temperature (CT), canopy photosynthesis (CER), and evapotranspiration (ET) of spring wheat (Triticum durum Desf. ''Aldente'') irrigated at two levels. A large portable field chamber (volume of 3.25 m(3) and an area of 2.67 m(2)) enclosed the canopy, and CO2 and water vapor concentrations were measured at 2-s intervals for 60 s with an infrared gas analyzer operated in differential mode. Canopy temperature was measured with an infrared thermometer (4 degrees FOV; 0.15 m dia spot size) mounted on the outside front corner of the chamber aimed 3 m directly in front of the chamber and represents the mean of 15 measurements. Other estimates of CT were obtained from a fixed infrared thermometer at the weather station and from low flying aircraft. Diurnal measurements were completed on 10 April 1989 when the wheat was in midflowering (Zadoks scale 65). Diurnal trends in CER showed differences between fully irrigated and deficit-irrigated plots. The small differences in ET and CT between irrigated and deficit-irrigated plots suggested minimum plant stress on deficit-irrigated plots, at least during the early part of the day. The cumulative daytime photosynthesis showed the irrigated plots averaged 28.9 g CO2 m(-2) while the deficit-irrigated plots showed a 52% reduction in CER. The CT ranged from about 7 degrees C near sunrise through a maximum of 27 degrees C and then decreased to 15 degrees C at sundown. The average cumulative daytime chamber ET was 8.41 mm and 7.69 mm for the fully and deficit-irrigated plots, respectively, which compared with reference ET of 8.91 mm and aircraft estimate of 8.93 mm. Diurnal trends in CT and ET showed a stronger association and were similar for both irrigated and deficit-irrigated plots. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP REICOSKY, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MWA,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90019-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PK030 UT WOS:A1994PK03000009 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS CLARKE, TR INOUE, Y VIDAL, A AF MORAN, MS CLARKE, TR INOUE, Y VIDAL, A TI ESTIMATING CROP WATER-DEFICIT USING THE RELATION BETWEEN SURFACE-AIR TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEX SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing of Soils and Vegetation Symposium CY 1993 CL TEMPE, AZ ID SOIL HEAT-FLUX; NET-RADIATION; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; STRESS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; ALFALFA AB The crop water stress index (CWSI), developed at the USDA-ARS U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, is a commonly used index for detection of plant stress based on the difference between foliage and air temperature. Application of CWSI at local and regional scales has been hampered by the difficulty of measuring foliage temperature of partially vegetated fields. Most hand-held, airborne, and satellite-based infrared sensors measure a composite of both the soil and plant temperatures. The concept proposed here, termed the vegetation index/temperature (VIT) trapezoid, is an attempt to combine spectral vegetation indices with composite surface temperature measurements to allow application of the CWSI theory to partially-vegetated fields without knowledge of foliage temperature. Based on this approach, a new index [water deficit index (WDI)] was introduced for evaluating evapotranspiration rates of both full-cover and partially vegetated sites. By definition, WDI is related to the ratio of actual and potential evapotranspiration; in practice, WDI can be computed using remotely sensed measurements of surface temperature and reflectance (red and near-infrared spectrum) with limited on-site meteorological data (net radiation, vapor pressure deficit, windspeed, and air temperature). Both the VIT trapezoid and WDI concepts were evaluated using 1) a simulation of a two-component (soil and vegetation) energy balance model and 2) existing data from an experiment in an alfalfa field in Phoenix, Arizona. Results from both studies showed that the WDI provided accurate estimates of field evapotranspiration rates and relative field water deficit for both full-cover and partially vegetated sites. C1 NIAES,DIV INFORMAT ANAL,AGROBIOL MEASUREMENTS LAB,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI,JAPAN. CEMAGREF,ENGREF,REMOTE SENSING LAB,MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. RP MORAN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SWRC,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. RI Vidal, Alain/A-3986-2009 NR 52 TC 525 Z9 672 U1 16 U2 115 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 246 EP 263 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90020-5 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PK030 UT WOS:A1994PK03000010 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP PERRY, EM DORAISWAMY, PC MORAN, MS AF KUSTAS, WP PERRY, EM DORAISWAMY, PC MORAN, MS TI USING SATELLITE REMOTE-SENSING TO EXTRAPOLATE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATES IN TIME AND SPACE OVER A SEMIARID RANGELAND BASIN SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing of Soils and Vegetation Symposium CY 1993 CL TEMPE, AZ ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE CONDITIONS; THERMAL INFRARED DATA; PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; AREAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; DAILY EVAPORATION; HEAT-FLUX; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Remote sensing data from the NOAA-11 AVHRR satellite were collected over the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona during the MONSOON 90 field campaigns. An energy balance model which relies primarily on remotely sensed inputs was used to extrapolate evapotranspiration (ET) estimates from one location containing near-surface meteorological data to other areas in the basin. Satisfactory results were obtained under a wide range of environmental conditions. However, the ET values are essentially instantaneous and therefore do not necessarily provide reliable estimates of daytime or daily ET fluxes required for many hydrological and resource management applications. An operational technique was developed to extrapolate one time of day ET estimates to daytime averages using the evaporative fraction concept and empirical methods for converting midday available energy to daytime average values. Model derived daytime average ET fluxes were in reasonable agreement with local ground-based measurements. The technique also was used to estimate daily ET at the basin scale. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA USA. USDA ARS, REMOTE SENSING LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD USA. USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RP KUSTAS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, HYDROL LAB, BLDG 007, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 69 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90022-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PK030 UT WOS:A1994PK03000012 ER EF