FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Wang, CY AF Wang, CY BE Hyodo, H Watada, AE TI Relationship between free radical scavenging enzymes and chilling tolerance in Zucchini squash SO POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY OF FRUITS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci DE chilling injury; Cucurbitia pepo; free radical; temperature preconditioning; Zucchini squash AB Several enzyme systems involved in the defense against free radical attack during chilling stress were investigated. These free radical scavenging enzymes include superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Chilling-sensitive vegetables such as zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) treated with temperature preconditioning were found to have less chilling injury during storage at 5 degrees C. The higher tolerance to chilling injury in the temperature conditioned samples was correlated with increases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase (AP), and glutathione reductase (GR). These results indicate that acclimation to chilling temperature may also involve modifications in the activities of free radical scavenging enzymes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-027-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 398 BP 205 EP 213 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26L UT WOS:000071638100021 ER PT S AU Maas, JL Line, MJ AF Maas, JL Line, MJ BE Hyodo, H Watada, AE TI Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) inversion recovery spin echo microimaging of fungus infections in strawberry fruit SO POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY OF FRUITS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci AB Strawberry fruit infected with Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, or Phytophthora cactorum were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance inversion recovery spin echo microimaging. Inversion recovery images, T1-weighted images, histograms of the frequencies of the calculated T1 values of the voxels in the T1 images, and proton distribution images were obtained for representative examples of each disease. Infected areas were clearly distinguishable from healthy tissue in the images. In general echo times were shorter and water proton densities were greater in diseased tissue than in health tissue. Infected areas caused by B. cinerea were different from those of C. acutatum and P. cactorum. Often two or three zones were seen in the echo and T1-weighted images of C. acutatum and P. cactorum lesions. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Maas, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-027-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 398 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26L UT WOS:000071638100025 ER PT S AU Watada, AE AF Watada, AE BE Hyodo, H Watada, AE TI Challenges in future postharvest research SO POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY OF FRUITS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci DE quality; volatiles; vitamins; hydrolyzing enzymes; climacteric; nonclimacteric AB Challenges in the future postharvest research will be at the cellular and molecular level. Descriptive information will be needed in some areas of research before data generated at the molecular level can be utilized. Data on physical processes need to accompany biochemical and molecular data to better understand physiological phenomena. Molecular level research needs to be expanded to nonclimacteric tissues. As postharvest phenomena is better understood, calcium, high temperature and controlled atmosphere treatments can be utilized more effectively. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Watada, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-027-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 398 BP 305 EP 307 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26L UT WOS:000071638100032 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, A VARGAS, O VILLEGAS, E SPOONER, DM AF RODRIGUEZ, A VARGAS, O VILLEGAS, E SPOONER, DM TI WILD POTATO (SOLANUM SECT PETOTA) GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION TO MEXICO IN 1993, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SOLANUM-BULBOCASTANUM DUNAL AND S-CARDIOPHYLLUM LINDLEY SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SUBSPECIES; TAXONOMY AB A joint Mexico/United States expedition collected wild potato (Solanum sect. Petora) germplasm in Mexico between August 1-31, 1993. The purpose of the expedition was to expand germplasm and herbarium collections of S. bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum. Collections were made from west-central to southern Mexico, and comprised 19 true seed and 37 tuber collections (45 collections in total) of 9 species and two putative natural hybrids. C1 UNIV GUADALAJARA,INST BOT,ZAPOPAN 45110,MEXICO. RP RODRIGUEZ, A (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN ASSN POTATO RES PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 20, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1007/BF02358068 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RQ214 UT WOS:A1995RQ21400006 ER PT J AU KOGUT, MH MCGRUDER, ED HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF KOGUT, MH MCGRUDER, ED HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PATTERN OF INFLAMMATORY CELL INFLUX IN CHICKS FOLLOWING THE INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION OF LIVE SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS AND SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYMPHOKINES; CHICKEN; HETEROPHILS; INFLAMMATION; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS ID AVIAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; INTERLEUKIN-8; TYPHIMURIUM; MACROPHAGES; DEFENSE AB We characterized the inflammatory cell influx in day-old chicks induced by the i.p. administration of live Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and lymphokines from concanavalin A-stimulated SE-immune T lymphocytes (ILK). An i.p. injection of ILK along with 5 x 10(3) cfu SE increased the survival rate of chicks 48 h later from 70% (ILK-treated controls) compared with 25% (saline-treated). The injection df both the nK and live SE (but not formalin-killed SE) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory heterophils into the peritoneum that peaked at 4 h after the injections with no increase in peritoneal macrophages. The heterophil accumulation was not influenced by polymyxin B, but was sensitive to heat treatment (100 C for 1 h) of the ILK, suggesting that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not contribute to the induced accumulation of heterophils. Treatment of the chicks with nordihydroguaiaretic acid or indomethacin did not abrogate the induced heterophil accumulation, suggesting that arachidonic acid metabolites were not involved in the SE/ILK-induced accumulation of peritoneal heterophils. The results from the current studies indicate that 1) ILK-mediated resistance to SE-induced mortality is mediated by a rapid influx of inflammatory heterophils to the site of infection; 2) live SE, during invasion, are vital for the site-directed migration of the heterophils; and 3) the mechanisms of induced heterophil accumulation are unknown but involve neither LPS nor arachidonic acid metabolites. RP KOGUT, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PZ876 UT WOS:A1995PZ87600002 PM 7899216 ER PT J AU MCGRUDER, ED RAMIREZ, GA KOGUT, MH MOORE, RW CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR HARGIS, BM AF MCGRUDER, ED RAMIREZ, GA KOGUT, MH MOORE, RW CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR HARGIS, BM TI IN OVO ADMINISTRATION OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES CONFERS PROTECTION TO NEONATAL CHICKS AGAINST SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS ORGAN INFECTIVITY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IN OVO; LYMPHOKINE; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; HETEROPHIL; CHICKEN ID EGGS; VIRUS; VACCINATION; MATURATION; DISEASE; EMBRYO AB We previously reported that the prophylactic, intraperitoneal administration of supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated T cells derived from Salmonella enteritidis (SE)-immune White Leghorn hens (i.e., SE-immune lymphokines or ILK), conferred protection to neonatal White Leghorn chicks against SE organ invasion. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of in ovo administration of ILK on hatchability, hatch weight, in vitro bactericidal activity of heterophils, and protection against SE organ invasion in neonatal White Leghorn chicks. On Day 18 of embryogenesis, injections were made into the amnion with either ILK or nonimmune ILK (NILK) or were not injected (untreated). On the day of hatch, whole blood was collected from 20 of the chicks per treatment group for heterophil isolation. All remaining chicks were orally challenged with 5 x 10(4) cfu SE. Twenty-four hours after SE challenge, organs (liver and spleen) from the chicks were cultured for SE. Hatchability of ILK- and NILK-treated chicks was not different from that of untreated chicks. Hatch weights of ILK-treated chicks were approximately 1 g less (P < .05) than that of NILK-treated or untreated chicks. In vitro bactericidal activity of peripheral blood heterophils derived from ILK-treated chicks was increased (P < .05) above activity from heterophils derived from NILK-treated or untreated chicks. Organ invasion with SE was markedly and significantly decreased in the ILK-treated chicks as compared with chicks treated with NILK or untreated chicks. These results suggest that in ovo administration of ILK confers protection to neonatal chicks against SE organ infectivity at hatch. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PZ876 UT WOS:A1995PZ87600003 PM 7899206 ER PT J AU VANDERSALL, AS CAMERON, RG NAIRN, CJ YELENOSKY, G WODZINSKI, RJ AF VANDERSALL, AS CAMERON, RG NAIRN, CJ YELENOSKY, G WODZINSKI, RJ TI IDENTIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND PARTIAL-PURIFICATION OF GLUCOAMYLASE FROM ASPERGILLUS-NIGER (SYN A-FICUUM) NRRL-3135 SO PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; 2 FORMS; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MUCOR-ROUXIANUS; RAW-STARCH; PULLULANASE; PHOSPHATASE; ISOZYMES; CLONING AB The crude extracellular extract of Aspergillus niger (syn A. ficuum) NRRL 3135 contains glucoamylase (exo-l,4-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.2). The enzyme, a glycoprotein, was purified 7-fold by ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, and conconavalin A affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 90 kDa by SDS-PAGE and gel permeation chromatography. The pi of the enzyme was 3.4. The temperature optimum of the enzyme was 60 degrees C and the pH optimum was 5.0. The V-max values for soluble starch, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, and isomaltose were 55.2, 11.7, 32.3, 47.8, 59.2, 12.5 nKat glucose/sec, respectively and the K-m values for the same substrates were 0.09%, 0.67 mM, 0.76 mM, 0.76 mM, 0.68 mM, and 122.01 mM, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP VANDERSALL, AS (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0032-7484 J9 PREP BIOCHEM JI Prep. Biochem. PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 55 DI 10.1080/10826069508010106 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QW281 UT WOS:A1995QW28100004 PM 7603971 ER PT J AU Short, RE Bellows, RA Staigmiller, RB Grings, EE Berardinelli, JG AF Short, RE Bellows, RA Staigmiller, RB Grings, EE Berardinelli, JG BE Bolze, R TI Management of cows for high reproductive rates SO PROCEEDINGS: BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION - 27TH RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM & ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Research Symposium and Annual Meeting of the Beef-Improvement-Federation CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1995 CL SHERIDAN, WY SP Beef Improvement Federat C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION PI COLBY PA KANSAS STATE UNIV DEP ANIM SCI NW RESEARCH EXTENSION CENTER 105 EXPERIMENT FARM RD, COLBY, KS 67701 PY 1995 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BE87W UT WOS:A1995BE87W00001 ER PT J AU Snelling, WM Golden, BL Hyde, LR AF Snelling, WM Golden, BL Hyde, LR BE Bolze, R TI Implementation of stayability in national cattle evaluations SO PROCEEDINGS: BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION - 27TH RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM & ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Research Symposium and Annual Meeting of the Beef-Improvement-Federation CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1995 CL SHERIDAN, WY SP Beef Improvement Federat C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION PI COLBY PA KANSAS STATE UNIV DEP ANIM SCI NW RESEARCH EXTENSION CENTER 105 EXPERIMENT FARM RD, COLBY, KS 67701 PY 1995 BP 206 EP 211 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BE87W UT WOS:A1995BE87W00025 ER PT B AU Gasbarre, LC Leighton, EA Bryant, D AF Gasbarre, LC Leighton, EA Bryant, D BE Bolze, R TI Genetically controlled resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes infections of cattle SO PROCEEDINGS: BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION - 27TH RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM & ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Research Symposium and Annual Meeting of the Beef-Improvement-Federation CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1995 CL SHERIDAN, WY SP Beef Improvement Federat C1 ARS,USDA,LPSI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION PI COLBY PA KANSAS STATE UNIV DEP ANIM SCI NW RESEARCH EXTENSION CENTER 105 EXPERIMENT FARM RD, COLBY, KS 67701 PY 1995 BP 212 EP 217 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BE87W UT WOS:A1995BE87W00026 ER PT B AU Barkhouse, KL VanVleck, LD Cundiff, LV AF Barkhouse, KL VanVleck, LD Cundiff, LV BE Bolze, R TI Mixed model methods to estimate breed comparisons for growth and maternal traits adjusted to a 1993 base SO PROCEEDINGS: BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION - 27TH RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM & ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Research Symposium and Annual Meeting of the Beef-Improvement-Federation CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1995 CL SHERIDAN, WY SP Beef Improvement Federat C1 ARS,USDA,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION PI COLBY PA KANSAS STATE UNIV DEP ANIM SCI NW RESEARCH EXTENSION CENTER 105 EXPERIMENT FARM RD, COLBY, KS 67701 PY 1995 BP 218 EP 239 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BE87W UT WOS:A1995BE87W00027 ER PT J AU VanVleck, LD Cundiff, LV AF VanVleck, LD Cundiff, LV BE Bolze, R TI Assignment of risk to across-breed EPDs with tables of variances of estimates of breed differences SO PROCEEDINGS: BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION - 27TH RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM & ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Research Symposium and Annual Meeting of the Beef-Improvement-Federation CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1995 CL SHERIDAN, WY SP Beef Improvement Federat C1 ARS,USDA,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION PI COLBY PA KANSAS STATE UNIV DEP ANIM SCI NW RESEARCH EXTENSION CENTER 105 EXPERIMENT FARM RD, COLBY, KS 67701 PY 1995 BP 240 EP 245 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BE87W UT WOS:A1995BE87W00028 ER PT B AU Emken, EA AF Emken, EA GP AMER HEART ASSOC, COUNCIL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS TI Influence of linoleic acid on conversion of linolenic acid to omega-3 fatty acids in humans SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IN NUTRITION, VASCULAR BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Conference on Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Nutrition, Vascular Biology, and Medicine CY APR 17-19, 1994 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst RP Emken, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION PI DALLAS PA 7171 GREENVILLE AVE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 BN 0-87493-007-3 PY 1995 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nutrition & Dietetics; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BG93D UT WOS:A1995BG93D00002 ER PT J AU HEARN, CJ AF HEARN, CJ BE Childers, NF TI The evolution of citrus species - Methods 10 develop new sweet orange cultivars SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc DE BREEDING; NUCELLAR; APOMIXIS; POLYEMBRYONY; ZYGOTIC; HYBRID; MUTATION; SELECTION; IRRADIATION; TAXONOMY C1 USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00001 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, KD AF BOWMAN, KD BE Childers, NF TI Micropropagation of Smooth Flat Seville and Yuma citrus rootstocks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc DE TISSUE CULTURE; PROPAGATION; CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00005 ER PT J AU WUTSCHER, HK AF WUTSCHER, HK BE Childers, NF TI Transfer of mineral elements through citrus rootgrafts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc DE STRONTIUM; RUBIDIUM; PLANT-TO-PLANT TRANSFER C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00015 ER PT S AU NIEDZ, RP DOOSTDAR, H MCCOLLUM, TG MCDONALD, RE MAYER, RT AF NIEDZ, RP DOOSTDAR, H MCCOLLUM, TG MCDONALD, RE MAYER, RT BE Childers, NF TI Plant defensive proteins and disease resistance in citrus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc DE PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; CALLUS CULTURE; CHITINASE; BETA-1,3-GLUCANASE C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00022 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, DT AF KAPLAN, DT BE Childers, NF TI An assay to estimate citrus rootstock resistance to burrowing nematodes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc DE RADOPHOLUS CITROPHILUS; RADOPHOLUS SIMILIS; VIRULENCE C1 USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00024 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE AF MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE BE Childers, NF TI Quality of preharvest GA(3)-treated grapefruit after gamma irradiation and storage SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc DE CITRUS PARADISI MACF; POSTHARVEST; MARKET QUALITY; SENESCENCE C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 232 EP 234 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00069 ER PT S AU GOULD, WP AF GOULD, WP BE Childers, NF TI Heat quarantine treatments for guavas infested with the Caribbean fruit fly SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc C1 USDA ARS,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 240 EP 242 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00071 ER PT J AU PERKINSVEAZIE, P COLLINS, JK CLARK, JR MAGEE, J AF PERKINSVEAZIE, P COLLINS, JK CLARK, JR MAGEE, J BE Childers, NF TI Postharvest quality of southern highbush blueberries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc C1 USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 269 EP 271 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00079 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, RG BALDWIN, EA AF MCGUIRE, RG BALDWIN, EA BE Childers, NF TI Compositions of cellulose coatings affect populations of yeasts in the liquid formulation and on coated grapefruits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc DE CITRUS PARADISI; PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM; CANDIDA; CRYPTOCOCCUS; RHODOTORULA C1 USDA ARS,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00087 ER PT J AU HENNESSEY, HK KNIGHT, RJ AF HENNESSEY, HK KNIGHT, RJ BE Childers, NF TI Resistance to Caribbean fruit fly in carambola germplasm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc DE ANASTREPHA SUSPENSA; ANTIBIOSIS; AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00088 ER PT J AU PERKINSVEAZIE, P COLLINS, JK WANN, EV MANESS, N AF PERKINSVEAZIE, P COLLINS, JK WANN, EV MANESS, N BE Childers, NF TI Flavor qualities of minimally processed supersweet corn SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 107TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Florida State Soc C1 USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES CTR,LANE,OK 74555. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1995 VL 107 BP 302 EP 305 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE03U UT WOS:A1995BE03U00090 ER PT J AU DeGroot, R Nesenson, P AF DeGroot, R Nesenson, P GP NATL ROOFING CONTRACTORS ASSOC TI Performance of preservative-treated wood shingles and shakes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH CONFERENCE ON ROOFING TECHNOLOGY: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: THE BASIS FOR IMPROVED ROOFING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Roofing Technology - Science and Technology: The Basis for Improved Roofing CY SEP 21-22, 1995 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Natl Roofing Contractors Assoc DE decay; preservative; roofing; shakes and shingles C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL ROOFING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION PI ROSEMONT PA 10255 W HIGGINS ROAD SUITE 600, ROSEMONT, IL 60018-5607 PY 1995 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BF29G UT WOS:A1995BF29G00003 ER PT J AU Watson, A Zaglauer, H Stewart, S AF Watson, A Zaglauer, H Stewart, S BE Dawson, CP TI Activity orientation as a discriminant variable in recreation conflict research SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1995 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 09-11, 1995 CL NEW YORK STATE PKS MANAGEMENT & RES INST, SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY SP USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stat, NYS Off Pks Recreat & Hist Preservat, NYS Pks Management & Res Inst, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Working Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Westfield State Coll, Penn State Univ, USDI Natl Biol Serv, New Hampshire Div Pks & Recreat, W Virginia Univ, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Univ Massachusetts, AScI Corp, Lyndon State Coll HO NEW YORK STATE PKS MANAGEMENT & RES INST C1 ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS INST,US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1995 VL 218 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF41G UT WOS:A1995BF41G00018 ER PT J AU Dennis, DF Kuentzel, WF Tritton, LM Wang, D AF Dennis, DF Kuentzel, WF Tritton, LM Wang, D BE Dawson, CP TI Wetland externalities: Implications for policy and decision-making SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1995 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 09-11, 1995 CL NEW YORK STATE PKS MANAGEMENT & RES INST, SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY SP USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stat, NYS Off Pks Recreat & Hist Preservat, NYS Pks Management & Res Inst, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Working Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Westfield State Coll, Penn State Univ, USDI Natl Biol Serv, New Hampshire Div Pks & Recreat, W Virginia Univ, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Univ Massachusetts, AScI Corp, Lyndon State Coll HO NEW YORK STATE PKS MANAGEMENT & RES INST C1 US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1995 VL 218 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF41G UT WOS:A1995BF41G00026 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JF AF Dwyer, JF BE Dawson, CP TI Forecasting recreation participation: A cohort-component projection model for the US SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1995 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 09-11, 1995 CL NEW YORK STATE PKS MANAGEMENT & RES INST, SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY SP USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stat, NYS Off Pks Recreat & Hist Preservat, NYS Pks Management & Res Inst, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Working Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Westfield State Coll, Penn State Univ, USDI Natl Biol Serv, New Hampshire Div Pks & Recreat, W Virginia Univ, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Univ Massachusetts, AScI Corp, Lyndon State Coll HO NEW YORK STATE PKS MANAGEMENT & RES INST C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,EVANSTON,IL 60202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1995 VL 218 BP 208 EP 213 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF41G UT WOS:A1995BF41G00036 ER PT J AU RAND, R AF RAND, R TI A JOINT VENTURE WITH THE GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR - THE GLOBAL CHANGE DATA AND INFORMATION-SYSTEM - ASSISTED SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE (GCDIS-ASK) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIS ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NATL AGR LIB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055-8750 SN 0044-7870 J9 P ASIS ANNU MEET JI Proc. ASIS Annu. Meet. PY 1995 VL 32 BP 247 EP 247 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA RY873 UT WOS:A1995RY87300074 ER PT B AU Dickson, JG Conner, RN Williamson, JH AF Dickson, JG Conner, RN Williamson, JH BE Eversole, AG TI Winter birds in a developing pine plantation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY SEP 23-27, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB Winter resources may limit bird populations. In this study we document the winter bird community and assess habitat relationships in a single large loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation (similar to 500 ha) from shortly after establishment into the middle-age closed canopy stage at 16 years. The winter bird community changed as the plantation grass/forb/shrub community gave way to low shrubs, and again as low shrubs were dominated and mostly supplanted by the rapidly growing pine trees. The highest bird abundance (436/km(2)) and the most species (22) occurred the second year after planting (the first year of the study). After the second year post establishment, the number of species declined and bird abundance declined consistently until about year 10 when pine canopies dominated. From age 10 to 16 years of the plantation, number of bird species was variable and bird abundances were low and variable. Bird species diversity was variable throughout the study. RP Dickson, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,SO RES STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1995 BP 303 EP 313 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69N UT WOS:A1995BJ69N00034 ER PT B AU Dickson, JG Williamson, JH Conner, RN AF Dickson, JG Williamson, JH Conner, RN BE Eversole, AG TI Longevity and bird use of hardwood snags created by herbicides SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY SEP 23-27, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB Herbicides are frequently used in pine stands to control competing hardwoods. We investigated the longevity of 4 species of hardwood snags (mockernut hickory [Carya tomentosa], sweetgum [Liquidambar styraciflua], southern red oak [Quercus falcata], and post oak [Q. stellata]) after treatment with 2,4-D herbicide. In addition, we observed evidence of foraging activity and cavity excavation by cavity-nesting birds. Hickory and sweetgum were the least durable; by the fifth year only 16% of sweetgum and 47% of mockernut hickory snags remained standing, and only 11% of the original snags of each species was standing the sixth year post treatment. The oaks were somewhat more durable with 44% of southern red oak snags and 65% of post oak snags remaining by the sixth year. However, by the eighth year only one-fourth of these original snags remained. Bird foraging activity began the first year for sweetgum, the second year for post oak and the third year for southern red oak and hickory. Foraging activity was present at all heights once begun and continued until the snag fell. Ten bird cavities (9 woodpecker and 1 brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla)) and ?. mammal cavities were observed in the 76 snags over the course of the 16-year study. RP Dickson, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,SO RES STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1995 BP 332 EP 339 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69N UT WOS:A1995BJ69N00037 ER PT B AU Edwards, J Smith, RA AF Edwards, J Smith, RA BE Eversole, AG TI JAKES event - A cooperative approach to conservation education SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference of Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY SEP 23-27, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB Juniors Acquiring Knowledge, Ethics, and Sportsmanship (JAKES) is a National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF) youth program designed to help pass on the tradition of hunting, teach the principles of turkey population and habitat management, hunting ethics, and safe and responsible hunting principles, and to instill land and resource conservation ethics. The USDA Forest Service often cooperates with the NWTF in co-sponsoring JAKES Events on National Forest lands. The NWTF and Forest Service recognize the number of turkey hunters is growing yearly and increasing numbers of young people are learning to hunt without the benefits of an older mentor. Since there is no standard format for conducting a JAKES event, organizers can be creative in making the event fun and entertaining for kids. This outdoor conservation program has been well received across the country. The NWTF and Forest Service combine resources to enhance the awareness of natural resource conservation to future hunters and anglers. RP Edwards, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 530,EDGEFIELD,SC 29824, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI BATON ROUGE PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 PY 1995 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BJ69N UT WOS:A1995BJ69N00073 ER PT S AU Wiersema, JH AF Wiersema, JH BE Tukey, HB TI Taxonomic information on cultivated plants in the USDA/ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE TAXONOMY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on the Taxonomy of Cultivated Plants CY AUG 10-14, 1994 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM, SEATTLE, WA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Urban Hort, Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Hort Nomenclature HO UNIV WASHINGTON, WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM AB The National Plant Germplasm System of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture maintains a computer database, the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), for the management of and as a source of information on its 450 000 germplasm accessions. The taxonomic portion of GRIN provides the classification and nomenclature for these genetic resources and many other economic plants on a world-wide basis. Included in GRIN taxonomy are scientific names for 18 000 genera (14 000 accepted) and 48 000 species or infraspecific ranks (32 000 accepted) with common names, distributions, and taxonomic references. Generally recognized standards for abbreviating author's names and botanical literature have been adopted in GRIN. The scientific names are verified, in accordance with the international rules of botanical nomenclature, by taxonomists of the Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory using available taxonomic literature and consultations with taxonomic specialists. Included in GRIN taxonomy are federal-and state-regulated noxious weeds and federally and internationally listed threatened and endangered plants. Major renovations to GRIN hardware and software will be completed during 1994 and provide significant improvement, particularly facilitating access to GRIN data over the Internet. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Myccol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wiersema, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Myccol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-967-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 413 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31X UT WOS:000071774800015 ER PT B AU WATSON, AE NICCOLUCCI, MJ AF WATSON, AE NICCOLUCCI, MJ BE Chavez, DJ TI Conflicting goals of wilderness management: Natural conditions vs natural experiences SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RES INST,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00004 ER PT J AU CARR, DS AF CARR, DS BE Chavez, DJ TI Human dimensions in ecosystem management: A USDA forest service perspective SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00005 ER PT J AU CHAVEZ, DJ LARSON, J WINTER, PL AF CHAVEZ, DJ LARSON, J WINTER, PL BE Chavez, DJ TI To be or not to be a park: That is the question SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00007 ER PT J AU VALENZUELA, FP AF VALENZUELA, FP BE Chavez, DJ TI Ecology is a white man's problem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,MILWAUKEE,WI 53203. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00013 ER PT J AU REED, PC AF REED, PC BE Chavez, DJ TI Is Alaska really different? A review of CUSTOMER recreation visitor survey data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,CHUGACH NATL FOREST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00015 ER PT J AU EWERT, AW AF EWERT, AW BE Chavez, DJ TI Getting Alice through the door: Social science research and natural resource management SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 111 EP 115 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00019 ER PT J AU MEADE, J LAIS, GJ AF MEADE, J LAIS, GJ BE Chavez, DJ TI Access America's great outdoors: Public lands are for everyone! SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,NATL HEADQUARTERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00020 ER PT J AU SPENCER, TW PFISTER, RE AF SPENCER, TW PFISTER, RE BE Chavez, DJ TI Using challenge cost-share partnerships to communicate with ethnically diverse recreation users in southern California SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ANGELES NATL FOREST,GLENDORA,CA 91740. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00022 ER PT J AU GONZALEZCABAN, A LOOMIS, J GREGORY, R AF GONZALEZCABAN, A LOOMIS, J GREGORY, R BE Chavez, DJ TI Protecting Oregon old-growth forests from fires: How much is it worth? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECREATION RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Social Aspects and Recreation Research CY FEB 23-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST FIRE LAB,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 J9 USDA PAC SW PY 1995 VL 156 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE04B UT WOS:A1995BE04B00024 ER PT J AU Jairell, RL Schmidt, RA AF Jairell, RL Schmidt, RA BE Troendle, C TI Tree rows for snow accumulation in stock ponds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, 1995 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference CY APR 17-20, 1995 CL SPARKS, NV SP W Snow Conf C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,USDA,LARAMIE,WY 82070. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0161-0589 J9 P WEST SNOW CONF PY 1995 BP 152 EP 155 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geography; Water Resources GA BE61U UT WOS:A1995BE61U00019 ER PT J AU Jolly, DF AF Jolly, DF BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Challenge address: Fire in wilderness and park management SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00001 ER PT B AU Williams, JT AF Williams, JT BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Managing risk in wilderness fire management SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00005 ER PT J AU Morton, S AF Morton, S BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Meeting wilderness goals: A wilderness specialist's perspective SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00008 ER PT J AU Mutch, RW AF Mutch, RW BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Prescribed fires in wilderness: How successful? SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00009 ER PT B AU Cole, DN AF Cole, DN BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Defining fire and wilderness objectives: Applying limits of acceptable change SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RES INST,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00010 ER PT J AU Brown, JK Arno, SF Bradshaw, LS Menakis, JP AF Brown, JK Arno, SF Bradshaw, LS Menakis, JP BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Comparing the Selway-Bitterroot fire program with presettlement fires SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 48 EP 54 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00011 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DL AF Bunnell, DL BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Prescribed natural fire planning considerations: Negotiating conflicting goals SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,KALISPELL,MT 59901. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00012 ER PT J AU Haddow, D AF Haddow, D BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Involvement of wilderness and park fire managers in developing air quality regulations SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,LAKEWOOD,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 80 EP 82 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00018 ER PT J AU Husari, SJ AF Husari, SJ BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Fire management in small wilderness areas and parks SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00025 ER PT J AU Stokes, J AF Stokes, J BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Planning for desired future conditions in wilderness SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00028 ER PT J AU Murphy, EM AF Murphy, EM BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Public involvement in wilderness fire planning and decision making SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NEZ PERCE NATL FOREST,GRANGEVILLE,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00030 ER PT J AU Poncin, DE AF Poncin, DE BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Prescribed natural fire strategies and tactics SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NEZ PERCE NATL FOREST,GRANGEVILLE,ID 83530. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 133 EP 135 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00032 ER PT B AU Andrews, PL Bevins, CD AF Andrews, PL Bevins, CD BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Fire growth simulation for prescribed natural fire SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00037 ER PT B AU Andrews, PL Bradshaw, LS AF Andrews, PL Bradshaw, LS BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Fire danger rating and the Go No-Go decision for prescribed natural fire SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV, USDA, INTERMT RES STN, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 USA J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 149 EP 151 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00038 ER PT J AU Cohen, JD Saveland, JM Chase, RA AF Cohen, JD Saveland, JM Chase, RA BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Protecting structures in parks and wilderness SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO FOREST FIRE LAB,SE FOREST EXPT STN,MACON,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 186 EP 188 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00048 ER PT J AU Foote, MJ Deines, F AF Foote, MJ Deines, F BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI An analysis of the process problems and results using the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge Buttes Gap experience as a case study SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 192 EP 194 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00050 ER PT B AU Huckaby, LS Moir, WH AF Huckaby, LS Moir, WH BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Fire history of subalpine forests at fraser experimental forest, Colorado SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00055 ER PT J AU Mark, CA Bushey, CL Smetanka, W AF Mark, CA Bushey, CL Smetanka, W BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Fuel model identification and mapping for fire behavior prediction in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness, Montana and Wyoming SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,CUSTER NATL FOREST,RED LODGE,MT. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 227 EP 229 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00061 ER PT J AU Rothermel, RC AF Rothermel, RC BE Brown, JK Mutch, RW Spoon, CW Wakimoto, RH TI Characterizing severe fire behavior SO PROCEEDINGS: SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE IN WILDERNESS AND PARK MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTER MT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 320 BP 262 EP 264 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE68Q UT WOS:A1995BE68Q00072 ER PT B AU Fletcher, KW AF Fletcher, KW BE Foster, SQ Pas, S Rush, S Thorne, O TI Management of Mexican spotted owls and their habitat on national forests in Arizona and New Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS VI: ISSUES AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTED WILDLIFE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Issues and Technology in the Management of Impacted Wildlife CY APR 06-08, 1994 CL GLENWOOD SPRINGS, CO SP Thorne Ecol Inst, Chevron US, Colorado Div Wildlife, Bio Resources Inc, BHP Minerals Int, Boulder Cty Pks & Open Space, JBR Environm Consultants C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU THRONE ECOLOGICAL INST PI BOULDER PA 5398 MANHATTAN CIRCLE, BOULDER, CO 80303 BN 0-916055-07-8 PY 1995 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BE95R UT WOS:A1995BE95R00007 ER PT B AU MONSEN, SB MCARTHUR, ED AF MONSEN, SB MCARTHUR, ED BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI IMPLICATIONS OF EARLY INTERMOUNTAIN RANGE AND WATERSHED RESTORATION PRACTICES SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 16 EP 25 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00003 ER PT J AU BARROW, JR HAVSTAD, KM AF BARROW, JR HAVSTAD, KM BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI NATURAL METHODS OF ESTABLISHING NATIVE PLANTS ON ARID RANGELANDS SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 USDA,ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00006 ER PT J AU SLAYBACK, RD BUNTER, WA DEAN, LR AF SLAYBACK, RD BUNTER, WA DEAN, LR BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI RESTORING MOJAVE DESERT FARMLAND WITH NATIVE SHRUBS SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00019 ER PT J AU WELCH, BL AF WELCH, BL BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI BEYOND 12% PURITY SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,SHRUB SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT 84606. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 126 EP 129 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00022 ER PT J AU BLANK, RR YOUNG, JA ALLEN, FL AF BLANK, RR YOUNG, JA ALLEN, FL BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI THE SOIL BENEATH SHRUBS BEFORE AND AFTER WILDFIRE - IMPLICATIONS FOR REVEGETATION SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT BIOL RANGELANDS UNIT,RENO,NV 89512. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00029 ER PT J AU HAYES, JA AF HAYES, JA BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI A BITTERBRUSH DIEBACK IN THE UPPER GUNNISON RIVER BASIN, COLORADO SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT 84606. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00032 ER PT B AU LONGLAND, WS AF LONGLAND, WS BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI DESERT RODENTS IN DISTURBED SHRUB COMMUNITIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PLANT RECRUITMENT SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT BIOL RANGELANDS,RENO,NV 89512. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00036 ER PT B AU PENDLETON, BK MEYER, SE PENDLETON, RL AF PENDLETON, BK MEYER, SE PENDLETON, RL BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI BLACKBRUSH BIOLOGY - INSIGHTS AFTER 3 YEARS OF A LONG-TERM STUDY SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 223 EP 227 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00038 ER PT B AU TAUSCH, RJ CHAMBERS, JC BLANK, RR NOWAK, RS AF TAUSCH, RJ CHAMBERS, JC BLANK, RR NOWAK, RS BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI DIFFERENTIAL ESTABLISHMENT OF PERENNIAL GRASS AND CHEATGRASS FOLLOWING FIRE ON AN UNGRAZED SAGEBRUSH-JUNIPER SITE SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,RENO,NV 89512. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 252 EP 257 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00043 ER PT B AU MUNDA, BD SMITH, SE AF MUNDA, BD SMITH, SE BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI GENETIC VARIATION AND REVEGETATION STRATEGIES FOR DESERT RANGELAND ECOSYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 USDA SCS,TUCSON PLANT MAT CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85705. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 288 EP 291 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00048 ER PT J AU KITCHEN, SG AF KITCHEN, SG BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI RETURN OF THE NATIVE - A LOOK AT SELECT ACCESSIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN LEWIS FLAX SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00053 ER PT J AU LANE, LJ HAKONSON, TE BOSTICK, KV AF LANE, LJ HAKONSON, TE BOSTICK, KV BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI APPLICATIONS OF THE WATER BALANCE APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING PLANT PRODUCTIVITY IN ARID AREAS SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 USDA,ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00056 ER PT J AU MAGILL, AW AF MAGILL, AW BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI VISUAL PERCEPTIONS OF MANAGEMENT ON ARID LANDS SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW,RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00057 ER PT J AU MCARTHUR, ED BLAUER, AC MONSEN, SB SANDERSON, SC AF MCARTHUR, ED BLAUER, AC MONSEN, SB SANDERSON, SC BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI PLANT INVENTORY, SUCCESSION, AND RECLAMATION ALTERNATIVES ON DISTURBED LANDS IN GRAND-TETON-NATIONAL-PARK SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 343 EP 358 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00058 ER PT J AU PATER, MJ AF PATER, MJ BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI ROCKER TANGLEHEAD (HETEROPOGON-CONTORTUS [L] BEAUV EX ROEM AND JA-SCHULTES) - AN IMPROVED CULTIVAR FOR CONSERVATION SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 USDA,SCS,TUCSON PLANT MAT CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 359 EP 360 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00059 ER PT J AU SHAW, NL MONSEN, SB AF SHAW, NL MONSEN, SB BE Roundy, BA McArthur, ED Haley, JS Mann, DK TI LASSEN ANTELOPE BITTERBRUSH SO PROCEEDINGS: WILDLAND SHRUB AND ARID LAND RESTORATION SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intmountain Res Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,BOISE,ID. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1995 VL 315 BP 364 EP 371 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD16A UT WOS:A1995BD16A00061 ER PT J AU Jackson, W deLahunta, A Adaska, J Cooper, B Dubey, JP AF Jackson, W deLahunta, A Adaska, J Cooper, B Dubey, JP TI Neospora caninum in an adult dog with progressive cerebellar signs SO PROGRESS IN VETERINARY NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neosporosis; Neospora caninum; cerebellum; canine; encephalitis; myositis; orchitis ID TOXOPLASMA-LIKE PARASITE; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; TRANSMISSION; PROTOZOAN AB Neospora caninum was identified as the cause of a chronic encephalitis with profound atrophy of the cerebellum in an adult dog. Signs of cerebellar ataxia started at 14 months of age, and slowly progressed for nearly 2 years before progressing more rapidly Euthanasia was performed when the dog was 3.5 years of age. Antibodies for N. caninum were present in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The dam and one littermate had no such serum antibodies. A second littermate developed ataxia at 4 years of age, had significant antibody titers for Toxoplasma gondii and N. caninum, was treated, and recovered. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,HLTH SCI CTR F167,DEPT PATHOBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR 1040,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Jackson, W (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI SANTA BARBARA PA 7 ASHLEY AVE SOUTH, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93103-9989 SN 1061-575X J9 PROG VET NEUROL JI Prog. Vet. Neurol. PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Veterinary Sciences GA TP191 UT WOS:A1995TP19100003 ER PT J AU MOTT, DF FLYNT, RD AF MOTT, DF FLYNT, RD TI EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRIC FENCE SYSTEM FOR EXCLUDING WADING BIRDS AT CATFISH PONDS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB We evaluated a two-strand electric fence barrier to determine its utility in excluding great blue herons (Ardea herodias) and great egrets (Casmerodius albus) from ponds containing channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fencing at five ponds resulted in at least a 91% reduction in pond use by herons and egrets. Labor to install the fences ranged from 2 to 6 person-hours per pond. Equipment costs, including US$260 for the fence energizer and battery, ranged from $309 (0.3-ha pond) to $404 (2.2-ha pond). RP MOTT, DF (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POST OFF DRAWER 6099,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 57 IS 1 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0088:EOAEFS>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QG592 UT WOS:A1995QG59200012 ER PT J AU Roy, S Gillen, G Conway, WS Watada, AE Wergin, WP AF Roy, S Gillen, G Conway, WS Watada, AE Wergin, WP TI Use of secondary ion mass spectrometry to image (44)calcium uptake in the cell walls of apple fruit SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE autolysis; secondary ion mass spectrometry; ripening; (44)calcium; cell separation; intercellular space ID CALCIUM PECTATE GELS; SIMS MICROSCOPY; PECTIC SUBSTANCES; CHAIN ASSOCIATION; PLANT; LOCALIZATION; POTASSIUM; MICROANALYSIS; CONFORMATIONS; MOLECULES AB Calcium, an important agent in regulating cell wall autolysis during fruit ripening, interacts with pectic acid polymers to form cross-bridges that influence cell separation. In the present study, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to determine whether the cell walls of apple fruit were able to rake up exogenously applied Ca-44, which was infiltrated into mature fruit. SIMS, which has the ability to discriminate between isotopes, allowed localization of the exogenously applied Ca-44 and the native Ca-40. The results indicated that the total amount oi calcium present in the cell walls was enriched with Ca-44 and that heterogeneity of Ca-44 distribution occurred in the pericarp. Isotope ratio images showed microdomains in the cell wall, particularly in the middle lamella intersects that oppose the intercellular spaces. These domains may be the key areas that control cell separation. These data suggest that exogenously applied calcium may influence cell wall autolysis. C1 USDA ARS,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Roy, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BLDG 002,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 61 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1995 VL 189 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1007/BF01280170 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA TN607 UT WOS:A1995TN60700006 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, JC VAUGHN, KC AF HOFFMAN, JC VAUGHN, KC TI POSTTRANSLATIONAL TUBULIN MODIFICATIONS IN SPERMATOGENEOUS CELLS OF THE PTERIDOPHYTE CERATOPTERIS-RICHARDII SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE ACETYLATED TUBULIN; TYROSINATED TUBULIN; TAXOL; PTERIDOPHYTE; SPERMATOGENOUS CELLS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY ID CHLAMYDOMONAS ALPHA-TUBULIN; MULTILAYERED STRUCTURE; PLANT-CELLS; MICROTUBULES; ANTIBODIES; BLEPHAROPLAST; TAXOL; FORM; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; LOCALIZATION AB Acetylation and tyrosinization are post-translational modifications of tubulin generally associated, respectively, with highly stable or dynamic microtubule arrays in animals and protists. Little is known of these modifications in land plants, however. We examined the presence and distribution of post-translational tubulin modifications in developing spermatogenous cells of the pteridophyte Ceratopteris richardii by immunofluorescence and immunogold, utilizing antibodies specific for acetylated and tyrosinated tubulin. Acetylated tubulin is found in mid to late stage spermatogenous cells in stable microtubule configurations: the spline, flagella, and basal bodies. Tyrosinated tubulin, a modification associated with dynamic microtubule arrays, is also present in these structures as well as all other microtubules in the cell. The lamellar strip of the multilayered structure, a body previously described as tubulin-containing, was not labelled by any of the tubulin antibodies or antiserum. Treatment of cultures with the microtubule stabilizer taxol results in the appearance of new arrays of microtubules, including bundles in the cytoplasm. Only those new taxol-induced microtubule arrays present in mid to late stage cells (i.e., those with other normally acetylated tubulin arrays) have acetylated domains. Younger spermatogenous cells had similar microtubule bundles but no acetylated tubulin. Tyrosinated tubulin was found in all these taxol-stabilized arrays. These data indicate that, although these pteridophyte cells have the ability to acetylate tubulin, that this ability is limited to stages after the final spermatogenous cell mitosis and is limited to the highly stable spline and flagella microtubules. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1995 VL 186 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1007/BF01281327 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA RE067 UT WOS:A1995RE06700007 ER PT J AU DUKE, JA AF DUKE, JA TI NOVEL PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS - A ROLE FOR ETHNOBOTANY - COMMENTARY SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID DAIDZIN RP DUKE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BLDG 003,ROOM 227,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 177 EP 184 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA RN615 UT WOS:A1995RN61500024 PM 7675982 ER PT B AU Holden, JM Davis, CS AF Holden, JM Davis, CS BE Greenfield, H TI Strategies for sampling: The assurance of representative values SO QUALITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF FOOD-RELATED DATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Food Data Base Conference CY SEP 22-24, 1993 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP AOAC Int, Dept Ind Trade & Commerce, Univ New S Wales, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Univ New S Wales, Food Ind Dev Ctr, Eurofoods Enfant, Austr Int Dev Assistance Bur, Natl Food Authority, Austr Inst Hlth & Welf, McDonalds Austr Ltd, Xyris Software Pty Ltd, Austr, Natl Assoc Testing Authorities C1 USDA ARS,BARC E,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS PI ARLINGTON PA 2200 WILSON BLVD, STE 400-P, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-3301 BN 0-935584-56-0 PY 1995 BP 105 EP 117 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Computer Science; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE55N UT WOS:A1995BE55N00012 ER PT J AU CULEA, M HACHEY, DL AF CULEA, M HACHEY, DL TI DETERMINATION OF MULTIPLY LABELED SERINE AND GLYCINE ISOTOPOMERS IN HUMAN PLASMA BY ISOTOPE-DILUTION NEGATIVE-ION CHEMICAL-IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; DERIVATIVES AB A gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry method is presented to measure the isotopic enrichment of multiple serine and glycine isotopomers. The amino acid N-heptafluorobutyryl n-propyl ester derivatives were used. The method had good analytical linearity between 10 and 800 mu g mL(-1) and both precision and accuracy were 5% for plasma amino acids. Sensitivity permitted analysis of 100 pg amino acid on column. The method was applied to metabolic studies of the serine to glycine interconversion in humans. (alpha-N-15)serine and (1,2-C-13(2))glycine were given as a single intravenous bolus to six healthy male subjects. Plasma concentration of glycine and serine were determined after addition of (alpha-N-15,1,2,3-C-13(3)) serine and (alpha-N-15,1,2-C-13(2))glycine as internal standards to 500 mu L of plasma. Since glycine and serine are rapidly interconverted by hepatic serine hydroxymethyl transferase, the resultant tracer spectrum requires deconvolution of the enrichment of four isotopomers of each amino acid. Deconvolution of the ion abundance ratios to yield tracer-to-tracee ratios for each isotopomer was done using Brauman's least squares approach. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP CULEA, M (reprint author), INST ISOTOPE & MOLEC TECHNOL,POB 700,R-3400 CLUJ NAPOCA,ROMANIA. RI Culea, Monica/B-7124-2011 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1995 VL 9 IS 8 BP 655 EP 659 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290090807 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA RG353 UT WOS:A1995RG35300006 PM 7647363 ER PT J AU WONG, WW HACHEY, DL ZHANG, S CLARKE, LL AF WONG, WW HACHEY, DL ZHANG, S CLARKE, LL TI ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY COMBUSTION ISOTOPE RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY FOR STABLE CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIO MEASUREMENTS SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SAMPLES AB We evaluated the precision, accuracy and linearity of three commercial gas chromatography/combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C-IRMS) instruments in regard to stable carbon isotope ratio measurements of fatty acids with C-13 enrichment levels ranging from natural abundance to 924 parts per thousand, in comparison to measurements by conventional gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GIRMS). Memory effect was also evaluated with a fatty acid mixture containing methyl myristate and methyl stearate at natural abundance levels of C-13 but methyl palmitate at C-13 enrichment levels of 460 or 924 parts per thousand. At natural abundance, the delta(13)C values of fatty acids measured by the GC/C-IRMS instruments were reproducible to within 0.34 parts per thousand (range: 0.11 parts per thousand to 0.32 parts per thousand and accurate to -0.38 +/- 0.40 parts per thousand (mean difference +/- standard deviation; range: -0.03 +/- 0.25 parts per thousand to -0.84 +/- 0.39 parts per thousand). At enrichment levels of C-13 (23 to 994 parts per thousand, the delta(13)C values were reproducible to within 1.48 parts per thousand (range 0.20 parts per thousand to 1.00 parts per thousand and accurate to -1.11+/-3.16 parts per thousand (range: -1.02 +/- 3.23 parts per thousand to +4.56 +/- 13.42 parts per thousand). Stable carbon isotope ratio measurements by all three GC/C-IRMS instruments were found to be linear from -30 to 924 parts per thousand (r(2) > 0.9999; p less than or equal to 0.004) in comparison to those measured by GIRMS. Significant memory effect was found in only one system. Based on our data, the GC/C-IRMS instruments can provide linear, precise and accurate stable carbon isotope ratio measurements and require only pico- and nanogram quantities of samples. RP WONG, WW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1995 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1007 EP 1011 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290091107 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA RU483 UT WOS:A1995RU48300006 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA AF Johnson, LA TI Sex preselection by flow cytometric separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm based on DNA difference: A review SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Spermatology CY OCT 09-14, 1994 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Ansett Austr, Austr Acad Sci, Austr Int Dev Assistance Bur, Austr Soc Reprod Biol, Austr Nat Conservat Agcy, Austr Tourism Commiss, BioRad Labs, Brit Council, William A Cook Pty Ltd, Cryologic Pty Ltd, CSIRO, Div Wildlife & Ecol, Cooperat Res Ctr Biol Vertebrate Pest Control, Fertil Soc Austr, Hamilton Thorn Res, Monash Univ, Inst Reprod & Dev, Inst Engineers, Int Conf Support Scheme, Aust, Qantas Airways, Sense & Vis Electr Syst Ltd, Sheffield, UK, Serono Austr Pty Ltd, Royal Soc, London, Univ Adelaide, Wyeth Austr Pty Ltd ID MAMMALIAN SPERM; BOVINE SPERMATOZOA; INSEMINATION; RATIO; POPULATIONS; GRADIENT; SWINE; BULL; BOAR AB Recent research on the flow cytometry of sperm for the purpose of predetermining gender of offspring has led to a validated method to separate X from Y chromosome-bearing sperm for use with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, intratubal insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The basis for the method is the sex chromosome-specific marker, DNA, which is present in greater amounts in X-bearing sperm than in Y-bearing sperm of mammals. Sperm are exposed to the vital dye Hoechst 33342 which binds to the minor groove of the DNA helix. Flow cytometric sorting of the sperm using a laser as the excitation source results in populations of Y- or X-bearing sperm that are 85-90% pure. Several hundred offspring have been produced from swine, rabbits, sheep and cattle that confirm the predicted sex. The method is currently being applied to the commercial embryo market. The method is not likely to be used in conjunction with standard cattle or swine artificial insemination practice in its current form since only about 4x10(5) sorted sperm can be produced per hour of sorting. The technology has also been applied to human sperm for use by couples that are at risk to sex-linked disease expression in their offspring. Populations of human sperm have been sorted with X and Y purities of about 80% as confirmed by DNA probe technology and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 46 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 10 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 893 EP 903 DI 10.1071/RD9950893 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA TP547 UT WOS:A1995TP54700021 PM 8711222 ER PT J AU CIFRIAN, E GUIDRY, AJ OBRIEN, CN MARQUARDT, WW AF CIFRIAN, E GUIDRY, AJ OBRIEN, CN MARQUARDT, WW TI EFFECT OF ALPHA-TOXIN AND CAPSULAR EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON THE ADHERENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS TO CULTURED TEAT, DUCTAL AND SECRETORY MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOVINE MASTITIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GLAND; ADHESION; INVITRO; MICROORGANISMS; FIBRONECTIN; ATTACHMENT; VIRULENCE; PROTEIN AB Cultures of teat, ductal and secretory epithelial cells were used to study the role of alpha-toxin and the capsular exopolysaccharide on the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to mammary epithelium. The adherence of S aureus to the cells and their susceptibility to damage by alpha-toxin increased from teat to ductal to secretory cells. Alpha-toxin increased the susceptibility of epithelial cell monolayers to adherence by S aureus, and the extent of the adherence increased with the time of exposure to alpha-toxin. The exopolysaccharide capsule deterred the adherence of S aureus to mammary epithelial cells and to collagen. Organisms with a rigid capsule adhered to a smaller extent than those with a flaccid capsule. Both encapsulated and unencapsulated S aureus adhered more readily to collagen than to either healthy monolayers of epithelial cells or monolayers of cells damaged by alpha-toxin. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP CIFRIAN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 58 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0034-5288(95)90083-7 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QC679 UT WOS:A1995QC67900005 PM 7709055 ER PT J AU WU, G KAPER, JM AF WU, G KAPER, JM TI COMPETITION OF VIRAL AND SATELLITE RNAS OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS FOR REPLICATION IN-VITRO BY VIRAL RNA-DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE SO RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYTOPATHOLOGY; CMV; REPLICATION; RNA; SATELLITE RNA; RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE; REPLICATION COMPETITION; CUCUMBER MOSAIC ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INFECTED TOBACCO; TOMATO NECROSIS; INVITRO; PLANT; DISEASE; ATTENUATION; EXPRESSION; SYMPTOMS; STRAIN AB Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satellite RNA-induced viral symptom modulation is usually accompanied by a significant reduction of virus accumulation in plant tissue, which has led to the hypothesis that satellite RNA competes with the viral RNAs for replication by the viral replicase and thereby reduces viral RNA synthesis and viral symptoms. In this report, the RNA synthesis of the viral and satellite RNAs of CMV was studied in vitro using an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) purified from CMV-infected plants. Comparison of the kinetics of the CMV RdRp-catalysed RNA synthesis using as templates viral RNAs and satellite RNA, alone or in an appropriate mixture, showed that these RNAs competed with each other for RNA synthesis by the CMV RdRp. Determination of the rates of P-32 incorporation into the viral and satellite double-stranded RNA products revealed an apparent replication advantage of the satellite RNA over viral RNAs. The results provide strong support for a previously proposed biochemical mechanism that attributes CMV satellite-induced viral symptom modulation to the replication competition between the satellite and viral RNAs. C1 USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2516 J9 RES VIROLOGY JI Res. Virol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 146 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0923-2516(96)80590-5 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA QG648 UT WOS:A1995QG64800006 PM 7538689 ER PT B AU Ritter, MA Williamson, TG AF Ritter, MA Williamson, TG BE Sanayei, M TI Maintenance practices for wood bridges SO RESTRUCTURING: AMERICA AND BEYOND, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers 13th Structures Congress CY APR 03-05, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Boston Soc Civil Engineers Sect, Struct Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0076-8 PY 1995 BP 290 EP 293 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BE48Y UT WOS:A1995BE48Y00039 ER PT B AU StanfillMcMillan, K Kainz, JA AF StanfillMcMillan, K Kainz, JA BE Sanayei, M TI Factors influencing timber bridge performance SO RESTRUCTURING: AMERICA AND BEYOND, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers 13th Structures Congress CY APR 03-05, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Boston Soc Civil Engineers Sect, Struct Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0076-8 PY 1995 BP 294 EP 297 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BE48Y UT WOS:A1995BE48Y00040 ER PT B AU Ross, RJ AF Ross, RJ BE Sanayei, M TI NDE techniques for wood structures SO RESTRUCTURING: AMERICA AND BEYOND, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers 13th Structures Congress CY APR 03-05, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Boston Soc Civil Engineers Sect, Struct Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0076-8 PY 1995 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BE48Y UT WOS:A1995BE48Y00068 ER PT B AU Soltis, LA AF Soltis, LA BE Sanayei, M TI Inspection and evaluation of structural members and connections in the USS Constitution SO RESTRUCTURING: AMERICA AND BEYOND, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers 13th Structures Congress CY APR 03-05, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Boston Soc Civil Engineers Sect, Struct Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0076-8 PY 1995 BP 489 EP 491 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BE48Y UT WOS:A1995BE48Y00070 ER PT B AU Falk, RH Green, D Lantz, SC Fix, MR AF Falk, RH Green, D Lantz, SC Fix, MR BE Sanayei, M TI Recycled lumber and timber SO RESTRUCTURING: AMERICA AND BEYOND, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers 13th Structures Congress CY APR 03-05, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Boston Soc Civil Engineers Sect, Struct Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0076-8 PY 1995 BP 1065 EP 1068 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BE48Y UT WOS:A1995BE48Y00162 ER PT B AU Ritter, MA StanfillMcMillan, K AF Ritter, MA StanfillMcMillan, K BE Sanayei, M TI Wood bridges in New England SO RESTRUCTURING: AMERICA AND BEYOND, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers 13th Structures Congress CY APR 03-05, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Boston Soc Civil Engineers Sect, Struct Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0076-8 PY 1995 BP 1081 EP 1084 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BE48Y UT WOS:A1995BE48Y00164 ER PT B AU SCHMOLDT, DL AF SCHMOLDT, DL BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NEURAL NETWORK CLASSIFIERS TO GRADE PARTS BASED ON SURFACE DEFECTS WITH SPATIAL DEPENDENCIES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 14A AND 14B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1994 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP IOWA STATE UNIV, CTR NDE, US DOE, AMES LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING, DEPT ENERGY, NIST, FED AVIAT ADM, NATL SCI FDN, IND UNIV COOPERAT RES CTR, WORKING GRP QUANTITAT NDE C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45062-3 J9 REV PROG Q PY 1995 VL 14 BP 795 EP 802 PN A&B PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BD02V UT WOS:A1995BD02V00098 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP AF KUSTAS, WP TI RECENT ADVANCES ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE-SCALE FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN HYDROLOGY SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ADVANCED SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION; HAPEX-MOBILHY PROGRAM; SOIL-MOISTURE; ENERGY-BALANCE; WATER-BUDGET; MODEL; FIFE; EVAPORATION; FLUXES; SIMULATION RP KUSTAS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20770, USA. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1995 VL 33 SU S BP 959 EP 965 DI 10.1029/95RG00395 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RJ509 UT WOS:A1995RJ50900023 ER PT B AU SHIELDS, FD COOPER, CM TESTA, S AF SHIELDS, FD COOPER, CM TESTA, S BE Thorne, CR Abt, SR Barends, FBJ Maynord, ST Pilarczyk, KW TI Towards greener riprap: Environmental considerations from microscale to macroscale SO RIVER, COASTAL AND SHORELINE PROTECTION: EROSION CONTROL USING RIPRAP AND ARMOURSTONE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Riprap Workshop CY JUL, 1993 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO SP Colorado State Univ, Construct Ind Res & Informat Assoc, Univ Nottingham, UK, Delft Geotech & Rijkswaterstaat, The Netherlands HO COLORADO STATE UNIV C1 USDA,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD BN 0-471-94235-9 PY 1995 BP 557 EP 574 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BD38X UT WOS:A1995BD38X00034 ER PT J AU VOLKOV, AG HAACK, RA AF VOLKOV, AG HAACK, RA TI BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS IN POTATO PLANTS SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; PLANTS ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ACTION POTENTIAL; RESTING POTENTIAL; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY ID ACTION-POTENTIALS; RESPONSES; HEAT AB Action and resting potentials were measured in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) under different physiological conditions. External stimuli (e.g., raising the temperature, mechanical wounding, exposing plant leaves or soil to certain chemical compounds) caused action potential generation and lead to shifting the resting potential from its original steady-state level. The amplitude, polarity, and propagation velocity of action potentials depended on the type of external stimulus or stress. The kinetics and amplitude of resting potential changes also depended on the nature of external stimuli. In plants invested with leaf-feeding larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), the insect-induced action potentials moved downward along the stem with a velocity of about 0.05 cm/s. The action potentials propagated downwards from the damaged leaf to the roots. When the upper leaves of potato plants were sprayed with 0.3 ml of 1 mM pentachlorophenol aqueous solution, the effect was nearly identical to that induced by Colorado potato beetles. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP VOLKOV, AG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL,STORER HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O PLENUM/CONSULTANTS BUREAU 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1021-4437 J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+ JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 42 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QG093 UT WOS:A1995QG09300003 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, T MORRIS, G SETTI, RM AF HAMILTON, T MORRIS, G SETTI, RM BE Tait, LS TI Coastal revegetation with compost and xeriscape technology SO SAND WARS, SAND SHORTAGES & SAND-HOLDING STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY JAN 25-27, 1995 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA, Army Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,DAVIE FT LAUDERDALE FIELD OFF,DAVIE,FL 33314. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1995 BP 181 EP 193 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BD74C UT WOS:A1995BD74C00013 ER PT J AU WERGIN, WP RANGO, A ERBE, EF AF WERGIN, WP RANGO, A ERBE, EF TI OBSERVATIONS OF SNOW CRYSTALS USING LOW-TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE LOW TEMPERATURE; SEM; SNOWFLAKE; SNOW CRYSTAL AB Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe precipitation particles commonly known as ''snowflakes.'' The snowflakes were collected in Beltsville, Maryland, at temperatures ranging from -6 degrees to +1 degrees C, mounted on SEM stubs, frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN(2)), and then transferred to a cryosystem mounted on a field-emission SEM. Neither sputter coating with platinum nor irradiation by the electron beam affected their delicate fine structure. SEM observations revealed that snowflakes consisted of aggregations of snow crystals that occurred as hexagonal plates, prismatic columns, needles, and dendrites. In some cases, the snow crystals contained minute surface structures that consisted of rime, microdroplets, short prismatic columns, and amorphous films. Snow crystals from wet snow, which were collected at temperatures of 0 degrees and +1 degrees C, exhibited varying degrees of metamorphism or melting. The discrete crystalline faces and their sharp intersecting angles were gradually replaced by sinuous surfaces that tended to exhibit more spherical shapes. This study indicates that low-temperature SEM is a valuable technique for studying the formation and metamorphosis of snow crystals. The results suggest that combining low-temperature SEM and x-ray analysis could also provide qualitative elemental information on the nucleation particles of snow crystals as well as on the composition of acid snow. C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP WERGIN, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BLDG 117B,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 17 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA QH234 UT WOS:A1995QH23400007 ER PT B AU KURTZMAN, RH AF KURTZMAN, RH BE Elliott, TJ TI Agaricus bisporus (Lge) Imb casing layer .3. Casing from inert material SO SCIENCE AND CULTIVATION OF EDIBLE FUNGI, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on the Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi CY SEP 17-22, 1995 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Mushroom Growers Assoc Great Britain, Horticulture Res Int, Int Soc Mushroom Sci C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-571-2 PY 1995 BP 333 EP 337 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Mycology GA BE19F UT WOS:A1995BE19F00040 ER PT S AU Blumberg, JE AF Blumberg, JE BE Walter, P TI The requirement for vitamins in aging and age-associated degenerative conditions SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR VITAMIN INTAKE IN HUMAN NUTRITION SE BIBLIOTHECA NUTRITIO ET DIETA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EANS Workshop on the Scientific Basis for Vitamin Intake in Human Nutrition CY MAY 01-03, 1994 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP European Acad Nutri Sci ID ELDERLY PEOPLE; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; INSULIN-SECRETION; DIABETIC-PATIENTS; ASCORBIC-ACID; POPULATION; NUTRITION; PLASMA; WOMEN; ADULTS RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0067-8198 BN 3-8055-6166-0 J9 BIBL NUTR DIET JI Bibl.Nutr.Dieta PY 1995 IS 52 BP 108 EP 115 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE38R UT WOS:A1995BE38R00010 PM 8779641 ER PT J AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H BE Angelakis, A Asano, T Diamadopoulos, E Tchobanoglous, G TI Issues in artificial recharge SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse CY OCT 17-20, 1995 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP Int Assoc Water Qual, EU, EUREAU, FAO, WHO DE basins; clogging layer; groundwater recharge; health effects; pre-treatment; sewage effluent; soil-aquifer treatment; trenches; vadose-zone wells; water reuse; wells C1 US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,USDA,ARS,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ONWASTEWATER RECLAMATION & REUSE PI IRAKLION PA IRAKLION, GREECE PY 1995 BP 871 EP 880 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE64F UT WOS:A1995BE64F00094 ER PT J AU YAKLICH, RW VIGIL, EL WERGIN, WP AF YAKLICH, RW VIGIL, EL WERGIN, WP TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND FINE-STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AERENCHYMA CELLS IN THE SOYBEAN SEED COAT SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The morphology and fine structure of aerenchyma cells of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed coats during the period of rapid seed fill to physiological maturity were determined using light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The aerenchyma, being of maternal origin, is a major tissue integral to the seed coat proper. This tissue consists of a mesh of anastomosing, irregular tubular cells, having a sponge-like appearance due to numerous intercellular spaces formed by apposing cellular projections. The aerenchyma accounts for approximately 20% of the cross-sectional area of the seed coat, subtends the parenchyma and is mainly separated from the embryo sac by the single layer of aleurone cells. Throughout seed fill the tube-like appearance of aerenchyma cells appear variously lobed and, at points of apposition to neighboring cells, interconnected by plasmodesmata. A thin parietal layer of cytoplasm lies between the cell wall and the large central vacuole. The cytoplasm contained a normal complement of organelles including mitochondria, Golgi, amyloplasts, leucoplasts, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The organization of ER was unique with cisternal, vesicular and tubular forms present. The vacuole, being the largest organelle which occupied most of the intracellular volume, contained electron-dense inclusions. By physiological maturity, the number of cytoplasmic organelles present was markedly reduced with a corresponding increase in vacuolar area. These observations suggest that the aerenchyma represents a primary seed coat tissue involved in putative symplastic and/or apoplastic transport. RP YAKLICH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 008,RM 103,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RX614 UT WOS:A1995RX61400006 ER PT B AU Hunt, PG Thom, WO Szogi, AA Humenik, FJ AF Hunt, PG Thom, WO Szogi, AA Humenik, FJ BE Ross, CC TI State of the art for animal wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES (ISAFPW95) SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes (ISAFPW95) CY JUN 18-20, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Anim Sci, Inst Food Technologists, Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians Inc, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Food Processors Assoc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Tennessee Valley Authority, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA Extens Serv, USDA, SCS, Water Environm Federat C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-66-0 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 7 BP 53 EP 65 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE86K UT WOS:A1995BE86K00007 ER PT B AU Stettler, DL Aschmann, SG AF Stettler, DL Aschmann, SG BE Ross, CC TI Demonstrating the water quality consequences of organic waste application using the gleams model SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES (ISAFPW95) SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes (ISAFPW95) CY JUN 18-20, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Anim Sci, Inst Food Technologists, Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians Inc, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Food Processors Assoc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Tennessee Valley Authority, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA Extens Serv, USDA, SCS, Water Environm Federat DE animal waste utilization; land application; nitrogen; nutrient losses; waste management; water quality models; water quality C1 NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,W NATL TECH CTR,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-66-0 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 7 BP 474 EP 483 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE86K UT WOS:A1995BE86K00051 ER PT J AU KAYA, Z NEALE, DB AF KAYA, Z NEALE, DB TI UTILITY OF RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS FOR LINKAGE MAPPING IN TURKISH RED PINE (PINUS-BRUTIA TEN) SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE PINUS BRUTIA; RAPD MARKERS; GENETIC LINKAGE MAPPING; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; CONIFERS; DIVERSITY; FIR AB We have applied the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker system to estimate linkage relationships in Pinus brutia TEN.. We used DNA samples from 30 haploid seed megagametophytes from each of 4 mother trees. Ninety-five 10-base oligonucleotide primers were evaluated and 34 revealed at least one polymorphic RAPD locus. The number of segregating RAPD loci per polymorphic primer varied from 2.32 to 3.25, but when segregating loci per tested primer was considered it was low, ranging on the average, from 0.28 in tree 4 to 0.59 in tree 1. Based on the RAPD loci segregating in 1:1 ratio, genetic Linkage groups formed from 6 for genotype-l (total map distance=163.91 cM) to 13 for genotype-3 (total map distance=511.2 cM). It was also found that a number of segregating loci in all 4 genotypes (ranging from 14 to 21) could not be assigned into any of the constructed linkage groups. It was difficult to compare linkage groups among the genotypes since most of RAPD loci segregating in one genotype were not found in others. Thus, the linkage map provided very little information on the genomic organization of RAPD markers at the species level. The utility of RAPD markers in forest genetics is also discussed in the paper. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP KAYA, Z (reprint author), MIDDLE EAST TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ANKARA 06531,TURKEY. RI Kaya, Zeki/C-5369-2015 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 110 EP 116 PG 7 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA RY751 UT WOS:A1995RY75100010 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Copes, DL Zhao, S Huang, L AF Zhang, T Copes, DL Zhao, S Huang, L TI Genetic analysis on the hybrid origin of Populus tomentosa CARR SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE P-tomentosa; P-alba; P-davidiana; control-pollination backcrossing; open-pollination; origin; inheritance AB Results supported the hypothesis that P. tomentosa CARR. was the natural hybrid of P. alba and P. davidiana. Evidence supporting hybrid origin came from studies in which comparisons of floral bracts of parents and progenies were made as follows: 1) from control-cross progenies of P. alba x P. davidiana, 2) from segregation studies of backcrossed progenies of both P. alba x P. tomentosa and P. davidiana x P. tomentosa, 3) from open-pollinated populations of female and male P. tomentosa plants possessing different bract types. Additional support for hybrid origin came from quantitative analysis of flower organ measurements. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), NW COLL FORESTRY,YANGLING 712100,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1995 VL 44 IS 4 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA TL073 UT WOS:A1995TL07300003 ER PT B AU COLVIN, TS KARLEN, DL AMBUEL, JR PEREZMUNOZ, F AF COLVIN, TS KARLEN, DL AMBUEL, JR PEREZMUNOZ, F BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Yield monitoring for mapping SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,NATL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00001 ER PT B AU RAWLINS, SL CAMPBELL, GS CAMPBELL, RH HESS, JR AF RAWLINS, SL CAMPBELL, GS CAMPBELL, RH HESS, JR BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Yield mapping of potato SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00005 ER PT B AU HUMMEL, JW PFEIFFER, DW MILLER, NR AF HUMMEL, JW PFEIFFER, DW MILLER, NR BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Sensing grain volumes on individual elevator flights SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 69 EP 86 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00006 ER PT B AU SADLER, EJ BUSSCHER, WJ KARLEN, DL AF SADLER, EJ BUSSCHER, WJ KARLEN, DL BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Site-specific yield histories on a SE coastal plain field SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29502. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 153 EP 166 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00010 ER PT B AU MAYS, MD HOLZHEY, CS BOGARDI, I BARDOSSY, A AF MAYS, MD HOLZHEY, CS BOGARDI, I BARDOSSY, A BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Managing risk and variability with fuzzy soil interpretations SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,LINCOLN,NE 68508. RI Bardossy, Andras/A-1160-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00013 ER PT B AU LINDSTROM, MJ VOORHEES, WB SCHUMACHER, TE AF LINDSTROM, MJ VOORHEES, WB SCHUMACHER, TE BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Soil properties across a landscape continuum as affected by planting wheel traffic SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 351 EP 363 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00023 ER PT B AU SADLER, EJ BAUER, PJ BUSSCHER, WJ AF SADLER, EJ BAUER, PJ BUSSCHER, WJ BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Spatial corn yield during drought in the SE coastal plain SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 365 EP 381 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00024 ER PT B AU JAYNES, DB COLVIN, TS AMBUEL, J AF JAYNES, DB COLVIN, TS AMBUEL, J BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Yield mapping by electromagnetic induction SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00025 ER PT B AU DANIEL, JA SMITH, SJ SHARPLEY, AN STEWART, BA AF DANIEL, JA SMITH, SJ SHARPLEY, AN STEWART, BA BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Assessment of beef cattle manure management in the Southern High Plains SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,DURANT,OK 74702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 559 EP 569 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00039 ER PT B AU PETERSON, TA SCHEPERS, JS FERGUSON, RB HERGERT, GW MORTENSEN, DA AF PETERSON, TA SCHEPERS, JS FERGUSON, RB HERGERT, GW MORTENSEN, DA BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI An overview of site-specific management research activities in Nebraska SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 577 EP 580 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00041 ER PT B AU SUDDUTH, KA KITCHEN, NR HUGHES, DF DRUMMOND, ST AF SUDDUTH, KA KITCHEN, NR HUGHES, DF DRUMMOND, ST BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Electromagnetic induction sensing as an indicator of productivity on claypan soils SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 671 EP 681 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00048 ER PT B AU REICOSKY, DC AF REICOSKY, DC BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Soil variability and carbon dioxide loss after moldboard plowing SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems CY MAR 27-30, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-127-X PY 1995 BP 847 EP 865 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BD94G UT WOS:A1995BD94G00060 ER PT J AU CARR, D DONOGHUE, L EMERY, M AF CARR, D DONOGHUE, L EMERY, M GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Human dimensions of global change research within the USDA forest service SO SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Global Change Studies, at the 75th AMS Annual Meeting CY JAN 15-20, 1995 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Amer Geographers, Ecolog Soc Amer, World Meteorol Org C1 US FOREST SERV,NCFES,E LANSING,MI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28T UT WOS:A1995BD28T00012 ER PT J AU PURDY, CW STRAUS, DC AF PURDY, CW STRAUS, DC TI EFFICACY OF A CAPSULE PREPARATION AND ULTRAVIOLET-KILLED PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA A1 VACCINE IN GOATS SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BRD MODEL; SHIPPING FEVER; GOAT; PASTEURELLA HAEMOLYTICA; VACCINE AB Weanling male Spanish goats (n=38) were randomly allotted to six treatment groups. Eight goats were positive controls; six goats were negative controls; six were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 21 d apart with 54 mg of purified Ph1 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) in agar beads; six had ultraviolet-killed Ph1 (1.4X10(9) CFU/ml) mixed with agar beads (Ph1-O); six had ultraviolet-killed Phl (8X10(9) CFU/ml) impregnated inside agar beads (Ph1-I); and six goats were given 2 subcutaneous injections 21 d apart with ultraviolet-killed Ph1 (8X10(9) CFU/ml) impregnated into agar beads (Ph1-I-SC). Thirteen d after the second injection all goats were challenge exposed to live Ph1 (1.93X10(8) CFU/ml) by transthoracic injection into the right lung, and 4 d later all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was: for the negative control group, 150.83 cm(3); CPS group, 113.98 cm(3); positive control group, 0.06 cm(3); Ph1-O group, 11.68 cm(3); Ph1-I group, 11.24 cm(3); and Ph1-I-SC group, 33.47 cm(3). There was a significant difference (P<0.04) in lesion size among treatment groups. Mean values for treatment groups, positive control, Ph1-O, and Ph1-I were clustered together and all were considered immune. The Ph1-I-SC group was considered partially immune, and the NC and CPS groups were considered non-immune. All of the negative control goats died on d 35, five of the capsular group died by d 36. The transthoracicly injected, ultraviolet-irradiated whole cell bacterin, whether outside or inside the beads, was considered an excellent bacterin which induced solid immunity to a severe challenge exposure. RP PURDY, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(94)00009-V PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QD334 UT WOS:A1995QD33400010 ER PT B AU Nadler, JH Knoll, DA AF Nadler, JH Knoll, DA BE Miley, GH Elliot, C TI Assessment of existing IEC models and a proposed new approach for modeling gridded systems SO SOFE '95 - 16TH IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2: SEEKING A NEW ENERGY ERA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering - Seeking a New Energy Era (SOFE 95) CY OCT 01-05, 1995 CL CHAMPAIGN, IL SP IEEE/NPSS Standing Comm, Univ Illinois C1 USDA,IDAHO OPERAT OFF,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2970-8 PY 1995 BP 1472 EP 1475 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BF98R UT WOS:A1995BF98R00343 ER PT J AU Nemec, S Myhre, DL Bryan, DS AF Nemec, S Myhre, DL Bryan, DS TI Nitrogen forms affect citrus blight and alter soil factors affecting root systems SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY SEP 21-23, 1994 CL DAYTONA BEACH SHORES, FL SP Soil & Crop Sci Soc Florida ID FUSARIUM-SOLANI; HEALTHY CITRUS; FLORIDA; TREES AB Beginning in 1974, four citrus groves at Babson Park, FL, and six groves at Lake Garfield, FL. each began receiving Ca(NO3)(2) as the sole source of nitrogen (N) fertilization on one portion and 50% Ca(NO3)(2) plus 50% NH4NO3 on the equivalent remaining portion. Nitrogen was applied annually as split applications, once each in the spring and summer. Four groves consisted of grapefruit grafted on rough lemon rootstock; the remaining groves were sweet orange cultivars grafted on rough lemon. Data on tree loss to blight were recorded at Babson Park annually between 1975, 1977, and 1980; and between 1975 and 1981 at Lake Garfield all years except 1978 and 1979. Annual tree loss, averaged over all years, at Babson Park was 9.5% for the combination N treatment and 7.8% for the Ca(NO3)(2) treatment. The data were significant at a P level of 0.1186. Tree loss at Lake Garfield averaged 5.6% in the combination treatment and 4.3% in the Ca(NO3)(2) treatment, with a P level of 0.1125. Between 1977 and 1981 soil pH in the Ca(NO3)(2) treatments of all six groves increased to between 6.5 and 7.1, but did not increase in the combination N treatments, remaining between 6.3 and 6.6. Soil pH measured to a depth of 60 cm also differed significantly between treatments. For a grove ata third location near Ocoee, FL. total fungi and Fusaria propagules were measured in soil treatments that received NH4NO3 (7.9 kg N tree(-1)), urea (17.0 kg N tree(-1)), and a water-only control. Fusaria were affected by N treatments and, in the NH4NO3 treatment, increased significantly compared to the water-only control as soon as one week after fertilization. These experiments suggest that the ammonium form of N may be contributing to development of citrus blight. Its involvement with Fusaria, the cause of root rot symptoms on blight-diseased trees, may be as a source of N for toxin production. RP Nemec, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,SUBTROP PLANT PATHOL RES UNIT,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL CROP SCI FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA IFAS UNIV FLORIDA 304 NEWELL HALL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1995 VL 54 BP 60 EP 65 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TZ802 UT WOS:A1995TZ80200014 ER PT J AU SHOUSE, PJ RUSSELL, WB BURDEN, DS SELIM, HM SISSON, JB VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF SHOUSE, PJ RUSSELL, WB BURDEN, DS SELIM, HM SISSON, JB VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL-WATER RETENTION FUNCTIONS IN A SILT LOAM SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; UNSATURATED SOILS; SEMI-VARIOGRAMS; TEMPERATURE; TEXTURE AB Soil water characteristic curves are a prerequisite for quantifying the field soil water balance and predicting water flow in unsaturated soils. The spatial variation of water retention in the root zone influences water availability for plants, evaporation, and fluxes of water and solutes through soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a popular model for the soil water retention function to describe the spatial variability of measured retention data and to investigate the application of a water content scaling theory to reduce the apparent spatial variation of soil water retention. Using a combination of Tempe cells and 1.5-MPa pressure plate extractors, we measured soil water retention at six pressure heads. In total, 281 undisturbed soil core samples were taken from the Ap horizon (0 to 17-cm depth increments) along an 80-m transect on a bare silt loam soil at 0.30-cm intervals. Sample statistics were calculated to identify outliers and erroneous data. A four-parameter retention model (theta(s), theta(r), alpha, n) was fitted to the data, and water content scale factors were also calculated. The soil water retention model was found to be extremely flexible in fitting the measured data. The parameters in the retention model showed a structured variance with a range of influence between 12 and 30. The number of parameters needed to characterize the field variability was 912 for the retention model. Scaling theory applied to the water retention data significantly reduced the apparent spatial variability. One scale factor also showed a structured variance, indicating a spatial correlation distance of greater than 30 m. Using the Akaike information criterion, we found that scaling theory could adequately represent the spatial variation in water retention with only 460 parameters. Sampling, calibration and/or experimental errors were thought to account for more than 50% of the total variability. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,APPL GEOSCI UNIT,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RP SHOUSE, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 159 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1097/00010694-199501000-00001 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QE092 UT WOS:A1995QE09200001 ER PT J AU NEARING, MA AF NEARING, MA TI COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR AN AGGREGATED AND PARTIALITY SATURATED SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSOLIDATION AB Soil strength increases with the application of soil water suctions, which impart an increasing level of effective confining stress on the soil mass. The relationship between effective confining stress and suction is influenced by soil water content. For sands, effective confining stress is approximated by the multiple of soil water suction and total saturation of the soil pores. For aggregated soils this is not true. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the saturation of interaggregate pores in aggregated soils controls the level of effective stress and, subsequently, soil strength relationships. The soil used is a highly aggregated, mixed mineralogy, Paulding clay (very-fine, illitic, nonacid, mesic Typic Haplaquept) from northwestern Ohio. Unconfined compressive strength was measured for five different aggregate size groups across a range of soil water suction levels. Triaxial compression strength was measured on saturated soil samples for which effective confining stress was well defined within the triaxial test cell. Results indicated that axial stress at failure for the soil was linearly related to the product of soil water suction and the saturation level of the interaggregate soil pores. Also, the slope of the regression line was statistically equivalent to the slope of the line relating axial failure stress and effective confining stresses in the saturated triaxial tests. The experimental results support the hypothesis that interaggregate pore water controls the effective confining stress level, and hence compressive strength, for aggregated soil. RP NEARING, MA (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,1196 SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600005 ER PT J AU PACHEPSKY, YA POLUBESOVA, TA HAJNOS, M SOKOLOWSKA, Z JOZEFACIUK, G AF PACHEPSKY, YA POLUBESOVA, TA HAJNOS, M SOKOLOWSKA, Z JOZEFACIUK, G TI FRACTAL PARAMETERS OF PORE SURFACE-AREA AS INFLUENCED BY SIMULATED SOIL DEGRADATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER RETENTION; DIMENSIONS; HETEROGENEITY; FRAGMENTATION; CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL; MASS AB Fractal parameters of soils become increasingly important in understanding and quantifying transport and adsorption phenomena in soils. It is not known yet holy soil degradation affects fractal characteristics of soil pores. We estimated pore surface area fractal parameters from Hg porosimetry data on samples of a Udic Argiboroll, a Typic Haploboroll, and a Ustolic Orthid before-and after simulated soil degradation. Three or four distinct intervals with different fractal dimensions were found in the range of pore radii from 4 mn to 5 mu m. This was attributed to differences in composition of soil particles of different sizes. The simulated degradation caused an increase in fractal dimensions in one or more fractal intervals, thus manifesting the increased roughness and irregularity of the pore surfaces. The interval of the smallest radii had the highest average fractal dimension, close to 3; some estimated values were >3, probably due to the compressibility of bulk material and air entrapment. Values of the fractal dimension in this interval increased after cyclic wetting-drying but were not affected by organic matter oxidation. Smaller fractal dimensions were found in the next interval of radii. Here average fractal dimension increased markedly after organic matter oxidation and grew slightly after cyclic wetting-drying, reflecting the loss of bonds between particles. The range of largest radii included two fractal intervals after cyclic wetting-drying and one fractal interval for all other samples. Neither organic matter oxidation nor cyclic wetting-drying significantly affected the boundaries between the fractal intervals. C1 PUSHCHINO SOIL SCI & PHOTOSYNTH INST, PUSHCHINO 142292, RUSSIA. INST AGROPHYS, PL-20280 LUBLIN, POLAND. RP PACHEPSKY, YA (reprint author), US ARS, SYST RES LAB, BLDG 007, RM 008, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 35 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600010 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, DC LAGAE, HJ ANDERSON, RL AF NIELSEN, DC LAGAE, HJ ANDERSON, RL TI TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE SOIL-WATER CONTENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID SENSITIVITY AB Surface soil water content is an important parameter influencing such processes as residue decomposition, nutrient cycling, microbial activity, and weed seed germination and emergence. This experiment was conducted to determine if time-domain reflectometry (TDR) could be used to measure water content in the 0- to 50-mm soil layer. Wave guides were installed horizontally at a depth of 25 mm below the soil surface in held plots differing in current crop-tillage history. The TDR system was interrogated hourly by a data logger. Daily average soil water contents from TDR were computed and compared with water contents obtained from gravimetric soil sampling. The TDR values were linearly related (r(2) = 0.84) with gravimetric samples of soil water content when wave guides were at a depth of 25 mm, but not when wave guides were at a depth of 13 mm. Continuous measurements of surface soil water content can be obtained from an automated TDR system. RP NIELSEN, DC (reprint author), US ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 8 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600016 ER PT J AU BROWN, SL CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS BAKER, AJM AF BROWN, SL CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS BAKER, AJM TI ZINC AND CADMIUM UPTAKE BY HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS GROWN IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID METAL TOLERANCE; PHYTOCHELATINS; SERPENTINE AB Phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils can be an inexpensive means to remove hazardous metals from soil. Two metallophytes, Thlaspi caerulescens (J. & C. Presl, a Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator) from Prayon, Belgium, and a Zn-tolerant ecotype of bladder campion [Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke L.] from Palmerton, PA, were compared with tomato [Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L,.) Karsten, metal intolerant] in nutrient solution to characterize Zn and Cd uptake and tolerance. Zinc and Cd were added to solutions at a 50:1 molar ratio to simulate concentrations often found on contaminated sites. Seven treatment concentrations were used, ranging (in half-log increments) from 3.16 mu M Zn + 0.063 mu M Cd to 10000 mu M Zn + 200 mu M Cd. Thlaspi caerulescens showed much greater tolerance to Zn/Cd treatments than the other species, with toxicity stress only apparent at the 10000 mu M Zn/200 mu M Cd treatment. In this treatment, shoot concentrations of Zn and Cd were 33600 and 1140 mg kg(-1), respectively. Thlaspi caerulescens was also more effective at translocating both Zn and Cd from solution to shoots. Zinc concentration in shoots of T. caerulescens was higher than the other species at all Zn/Cd treatments. Cadmium concentration in shoots of T. caerulescens were significantly higher than in bladder campion only at the 316 mu M Zn/6.32 mu M Cd treatment. This genotype of T. caerulescens may not hyperaccumulate Cd. However, extreme Zn and Cd uptake and tolerance is evident in T. caerulescens, with >25000 mg Zn kg(-1) and 1000 mg Cd kg(-1) before yield is reduced. Results suggest that T. caerulescens may be a candidate for the phytoremediation of Zn-contaminated soils. C1 USDA ARS, ENVIRONM CHEM LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV SHEFFIELD, DEPT ANIM & PLANT SCI, SHEFFIELD S10 2UQ, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. RP BROWN, SL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT AGRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 30 TC 246 Z9 284 U1 3 U2 38 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600020 ER PT J AU HASKETT, JD AF HASKETT, JD TI THE PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND ITS EVOLUTION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The system of soil classification used in the U.S. system of soil taxonomy has been criticized as being based on the flawed 19th century logic of John Stuart Mill. Mill postulated that objects have self-evident properties that will be apparent to any observer. Further, these properties reflect inherent differences between objects. However, language shapes perception to a great extent, and knowledge of external reality can be obtained only by observation. It cannot be assumed that all observers, particularly those using different languages, will find the same things important. Therefore, different observers are likely to categorize in different ways. In order to avoid arbitrary classifications, an inductive method is used based on tests of predictive ability. This allows the creation of a classification system that follows the regularities of nature, within the constraints on perception imposed by any linguistic division. Classification in natural history as well as in soil science has moved from a noncontextual naming of independent objects to a bounded self-consistent system in which each entity is defined in relation to all others in the system. This represents an evolutionary process that proceeds through the adoption of the inductive method and ultimately leads to the creation of a classification system consistent with the underlying principles of the discipline. The current system of soil classification is consistent with the progressive nature of this process and is not in need of fundamental modification. RP HASKETT, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,SYST RES LAB,ROOM 008,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600027 ER PT J AU WU, L SWAN, JB ALLMARAS, RR LOGSDON, SD AF WU, L SWAN, JB ALLMARAS, RR LOGSDON, SD TI TILLAGE AND TRAFFIC INFLUENCES ON WATER AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN CORN-SOYBEAN SYSTEMS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TENSION INFILTROMETER; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; SOIL; MACROPORES; FLOW; FIELD; INFILTRATION; MOVEMENT; EXCHANGE AB Tillage management may influence water and solute movement throughout the root zone. To evaluate tillage effects on solute transport, parameters were estimated from breakthrough curves and directly measured macropores in no-till (NT) and moldboard-plowing (MBD) systems with traffic control on a Nicollet clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) and a Rozetta silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf). Ridge tillage recently imposed on long-term NT (RT/NT) was compared with chisel tillage (CHT) on a Seaton silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) where manure was injected without traffic control. Breakthrough curves (Br- tracer) were measured in undisturbed soil cores from the Ap horizon (0-250 mm) and adjacent subsoil (250-500 mm) and were fitted to a physical, nonequilibrium two-domain model to estimate mean pore-water velocity of the mobile domain (V-m) and the fraction of water (v) participating in Br- transport. The V-m ranged from 0.10 to 10 mm s(-1), while v ranged from 0.02 to 0.50. Means did not differ between the Nicollet and Rozetta soils in 1988, yet significant tillage X horizon interactions indicated more solute bypass in NT than in MBD. R-lore macropores and a larger macropore conductivity (K-m) were observed in NT than in MBD. Greater V-m and smaller v occurred (P < 0.05) in CHT than in RT/NT because RT/NT lacked secondary cultivation to remove compaction from manure injection. Traffic control in NT on the Nicollet and Rozetta soils produced high V-m and low v compared with RT/NT on the Seaton soil. Both V-m and v can be estimated from the more easily measured K-m. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP WU, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 185 EP 191 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600028 ER PT J AU ANKENY, MD KASPAR, TC PRIEKSAT, MA AF ANKENY, MD KASPAR, TC PRIEKSAT, MA TI TRAFFIC EFFECTS ON WATER INFILTRATION IN CHISEL-PLOW AND NO-TILL SYSTEMS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; INFILTROMETER; DESIGN; RUNOFF AB Traffic effects on pore structure and hydraulic properties of soils may be affected by site-specific factors. The objective of this study was to determine if the effects of wheel traffic on infiltration rates in chisel-plow and no-till tillage systems differed among five Midwestern locations. Ponded and unsaturated (30-, 60-, and 150-mm water tension head) infiltration rates were measured sequentially using infiltrometers after removing surface residues and the upper 2 cm of soil. Wheel traffic reduced ponded infiltration rates in both tillage systems at all locations, ranging from 95% in the chisel-plow system in Iowa to approximately 55% in the chisel-plow system in Missouri. Tillage systems significantly affected ponded infiltration rates at only two of the locations. At the Minnesota and Nebraska locations, no-till reduced ponded infiltration rates in untrafficked interrows by 33 and 64%, respectively, compared with those in the chisel-plow system. Ponded infiltration rates of trafficked interrows did not differ between tillage systems at any location. At the Iowa and Nebraska locations, the decrease in infiltration rate with an increase in tension head was greater for untrafficked interrows than for trafficked interrows in the chisel-plow system. The large pores that drain at 30 mm of tension head accounted for a lower percentage of the water how with pending in trafficked interrows (73%) than in untrafficked interrows (88%). Infiltration rate comparisons between tillage systems should consider wheel traffic patterns. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. DANIEL B STEPHENS & ASSOC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87109. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600030 ER PT J AU MEEK, BD CARTER, DL WESTERMANN, DT WRIGHT, JL PECKENPAUGH, RE AF MEEK, BD CARTER, DL WESTERMANN, DT WRIGHT, JL PECKENPAUGH, RE TI NITRATE LEACHING UNDER FURROW IRRIGATION AS AFFECTED BY CROP SEQUENCE AND TILLAGE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; MOVEMENT; ALFALFA AB The potential for NO3-N leaching after alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in irrigated crop production depends on cropping sequence and tillage practices. A 2-yr field experiment in south-central Idaho compared the NO3-N leached following alfalfa of a conventional tillage bean-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) rotation with a silage corn (Zea mays L.)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation in a conventional tillage or no-till system. Nitrate leaching was determined by: (i) sampling the soil solution below the root zone (1.2 and 1.5 m) using ceramic-tipped samplers and calculating the N movement from the water balance, and (ii) measuring the change in soil NO3-N at 1.35 to 4.5 m from soil samples taken in the fall and spring to 4.5 m. During the second growing season, average soil solution NO3-N concentrations (below the root zone) were 28, 4, and 10 mg L(-1) for the bean-bean, corn-wheat no-till, and corn-wheat tilled treatments, respectively. The soil NO3-N in 1.35 to 3.3 m at the end of the study was 80 kg N ha(-1) higher for the bean-bean treatment than for the corn-wheat treatments. The NO3-N that moved below 1.35 m during the 2 yr was 53 kg ha(-1) higher for the bean-bean than for the corn-wheat treatments. The soil NO3-N in the 1.35 to 3.3 m depth after 2 yr was 21 kg ha(-1) higher for the corn-wheat under conventional tillage than under the no-till system. RP MEEK, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600031 ER PT J AU ZHU, JC GANTZER, CJ PEYTON, RL ALBERTS, EE ANDERSON, SH AF ZHU, JC GANTZER, CJ PEYTON, RL ALBERTS, EE ANDERSON, SH TI SIMULATED SMALL-CHANNEL BED SCOUR AND HEAD CUT EROSION RATES COMPARED SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION TECHNOLOGY; RILL EROSION; WEPP; FLOW AB Concentrated-flow erosion is often a major part of cropland erosion. The concentrated-Bow processes of bed scour and head cut need improved characterization to better predict and prevent erosion. This study was conducted to compare the erosion rates due to simulated small-scale bed-scour (Db) and head-cut (Db) processes. A 6.4-m-long by 0.15-m-wide hydraulic flume was used to simulate concentrated-flaw erosion on five Midwestern soils: Barnes (fine-Loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll), Forman (fine-loamy, mixed Udic Argiboroll), Mexico (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udollic Ochraqualf), Sharpsburg (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll), and Sverdrup (sandy, mixed Udic Haploboroll). For slopes of 1.5, 3.5, and 5.0%, Bow rates of 3.78, 5.67, 7.65, 11.34, and 15.12 L min(-1) were used to provide a range from low (0.5 Pa) to moderate (2.5 Pa) shear stresses (tau). Soil detachment rates are functions of slope, flow rate, and shear stress. Slope, how, their squares, and the slope X flow interaction were highly significant predictors of Db. Only flow, its square, and its interaction with slope were significant predictors of Dh. Nonlinear power regressions using tau as an independent variable were better predictors of detachment than simple linear regressions. Erodibility for the soils from this study does not relate well with soil erodibility calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Differences in the slope and intercept of detachment vs. tau exist among soils. The value of D-h was at least four times greater than D-b for all soils at equal slope and flow rate, indicating that head cutting is the main process of detachment for the conditions tested. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP ZHU, JC (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT SOIL & ATMOSPHER SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600032 ER PT J AU STARICKA, JA BENOIT, GR AF STARICKA, JA BENOIT, GR TI FREEZE-DRYING EFFECTS ON WET AND DRY SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Freeze-drying of soil aggregates may reduce aggregate size and increase erosion potential. We investigated whether freeze-thaw frequency, water content, and initial aggregate size influences the freeze-drying disruption of soil aggregates, as measured by dry and water-drop-impacted wet sieving. Aggregates of two western Minnesota soils, Barnes loam (a fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll) and Hamerly clay loam (a fine-loamy, mixed, frigid Aeric Calciaquoll) were tested. Vulnerability to wet sieving was increased much more by freeze-drying than was vulnerability to dry sieving. Freeze-drying decreased wet aggregate stability in 85 of 96 cases and dry aggregate stability in 56 of 96 cases. Initial water content largely determined whether freeze-drying decreased aggregate stability. For water contents of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 kg kg(-1), the mean weight diameters (water-drop-impacted wet sieving method) of freeze-dried aggregates were 93, 64, 48, and 46%, respectively, of their non-freeze-dried values. For dry sieving, values for the same four water contents were 100, 103, 90, and 88%, respectively. The detrimental effects also generally increased as aggregate size increased. Freeze-thaw frequency and soil type had less effect on freeze-drying disruption than did water content and initial aggregate size. Thus soil surface resistance to breakdown by freeze-drying and raindrop impact would be expected to decline as initial aggregate size and soil water content increases. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. RP STARICKA, JA (reprint author), SW EXPT STN,POB 428,LAMBERTON,MN 56152, USA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 218 EP 223 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600033 ER PT J AU TORBERT, HA REEVES, DW AF TORBERT, HA REEVES, DW TI INTERACTIONS OF TRAFFIC AND TILLAGE APPLIED TO COTTON ON N-MOVEMENT BELOW THE ROOT-ZONE OF A SUBSEQUENT WHEAT CROP SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE N-15; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L; TRITICUM AESTIVUM L; COMPACTION; STRIP TILLAGE; SUBSOILING ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL; DEEP TILLAGE; COMPACTION; GROWTH; CORN; WATER; YIELD; SYSTEM; LOSSES AB Although research has demonstrated the negative impact of traffic-induced soil compaction on crop productivity, knowledge is lacking regarding the interactive effects of equipment traffic and tillage systems, especially in regards to N management in conservation-tilled multiple-cropping systems. The objective of this study was to examine the interaction of traffic and tillage systems applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on N utilization and movement below the root zone of subsequent double-cropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A field study was initiated in 1987 on a thermic Typic Hapludult soil complex, utilizing a wide-frame tractive vehicle (WFTV) that allows for 6.1-m wide, untrafficked research plots to double-crop cotton with wheat. The experimental design was a split-plot with three replications. Main plots were: (1) conventional traffic (simulated with tractor); (2) no traffic (WFTV only). Subplots were tillage systems for cotton: (1) complete surface tillage without subsoiling (surface); (2) complete surface tillage and annual in-row subsoiling to 40-cm depth (subsoil); (3) complete surface tillage with once-only complete disruption of the tillage pan by subsoiling to a 50-cm depth on 25-cm centers in 1987 (complete); (4) strip-till where cotton was planted with in-row subsoiling into wheat residue. All tillage treatments were applied to the cotton and residual effects were observed in the wheat. In 1990-1991, fertilizer applications were made to wheat as N-15-labeled NH4NO3, and soil solution samples were collected (90-cm depth). While previous cotton tillage had no significant effect on wheat yields, traffic reduced wheat yields from 3427 to 2981 kg ha(-1) in 1990. With no traffic, total fertilizer N recovery in the plant-soil system was increased by 20 and 10% in 1990 and 1998, respectively. The strip-till tillage treatment increased total fertilizer N recovery in wheat by 20% compared with other tillage systems in 1990. Surface tillage without subsoiling for cotton increased NO3-N concentration below the root zone of wheat (90-cm depth) in both years. The data indicate that the tillage/traffic management system used for production of one crop in a double-cropping system was a major factor in reducing N losses and increasing fertilizer N recovery in the plant-soil system of the succeeding crop. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP TORBERT, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)00434-G PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QH237 UT WOS:A1995QH23700002 ER PT J AU LARYEA, KB UNGER, PW AF LARYEA, KB UNGER, PW TI GRASSLAND CONVERTED TO CROPLAND - SOIL-CONDITIONS AND SORGHUM YIELD SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; STUBBLE MULCH; SOIL CONDITIONS; GRASSLAND ID TILLAGE; NITROGEN AB An appropriate tillage system is needed for conversion of virgin lands or revegetated lands to croplands to ensure sustainable crop production. We compared the effects of three tillage systems (viz. primary tillage with sweep implement (SW), moldboard plough (MB), and no-tillage NT)) on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yield and some soil properties. The land had been used for growing mainly Blue grama grass (Bouteloua gracilis) and Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) for over 50 years. A split-plot field experiment with SW, MB, and NT as main plots was conducted on a Pullman clay loam (Torrertic Paleustolls). Sub-plot treatments were (a) increased soil water content at planting by adding 114 mm of water (PW+), and (b) existing soil water content at planting (PW-). Because of the surface mulch, more soil water was stored in the NT treatment than in either the SW or MB treatments. The increased stored water was also reflected in greater grain and stover yields for NT sorghum. Peak water extracted from soil by crop, as estimated from soil water content measurements, occurred during the vegetative stage at 60 days after emergence (DAE). It was greatest for NT sorghum, followed in order by SW and MB. Although grain and stover yields were larger with NT than with SW or MB, grain and stover from MB plots contained more nitrogen than those from SW and NT plots. Soil organic carbon content at a depth of 0-15 cm was significantly greater (P < 0.05) under NT (1.40%) than under SW (1.21%) or MB (1.25%). Ploughing increased soil nitrogen mineralization, with the result that NO3--N at a depth of 0-15 cm was larger under MB than under NT. The NH4+-N content under the three tillage systems was highly variable. From a production viewpoint, a no-tillage system is better than MB or SW for converting revegetated land to cropland in locations where soil water is limiting. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP LARYEA, KB (reprint author), INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP,PATANCHERU 502324,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)00433-F PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QH237 UT WOS:A1995QH23700004 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL AF WILLETT, JL TI COMPLEXES OF OPPOSITELY CHARGED IONIC STARCHES SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID POLY-ELECTROLYTE COMPLEXES; GLYCOL CHITOSAN; POLYSACCHARIDES; GELATION; SULFATE AB Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) have been prepared by mixing solutions of carboxymethyl starch and diethylethylamino starch at ionic substituent mixing ratios of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8. The complexes were insoluble in water, although they did swell to some extent. Interactions between ionic groups were examined using turbidity measurements and FTIR spectroscopy. Supernatant turbidity was the lowest when the mixing ratio was equal to 0.5. The degree of carboxylate neutralization as measured by FTIR increased with mixing ratio. Complex formation was completely suppressed when NaCl was present in concentrations greater than approximately 0.10M. These results indicate that complex formation was due to ionic crosslinks between the oppositely charged starch molecules. RP WILLETT, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD JAN PY 1995 VL 47 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1002/star.19950470108 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QD454 UT WOS:A1995QD45400006 ER PT B AU FLINN, PW MUIR, WE AF FLINN, PW MUIR, WE BE Jayas, DS White, NDG Muir, WE TI EXPERT-SYSTEM CONCEPT SO STORED-GRAIN ECOSYSTEMS SE BOOKS IN SOILS, PLANTS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Stored-Grain Ecosystems CY JUN 07-10, 1992 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP UNIV MANITOBA, DEPT AGR ENGN, WINNIPEG RES CTR AGR & AGR FOOD CANADA C1 USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 0-8247-8983-0 J9 BOOK SOIL P PY 1995 BP 33 EP 54 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BB71P UT WOS:A1995BB71P00002 ER PT B AU THRONE, JE AF THRONE, JE BE Jayas, DS White, NDG Muir, WE TI COMPUTER MODELING OF THE POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF STORED-PRODUCT PESTS SO STORED-GRAIN ECOSYSTEMS SE BOOKS IN SOILS, PLANTS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Stored-Grain Ecosystems CY JUN 07-10, 1992 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP UNIV MANITOBA, DEPT AGR ENGN, WINNIPEG RES CTR AGR & AGR FOOD CANADA C1 USDA ARS,SAVANNAH,GA 31403. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 0-8247-8983-0 J9 BOOK SOIL P PY 1995 BP 169 EP 195 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BB71P UT WOS:A1995BB71P00006 ER PT B AU WICKLOW, DT AF WICKLOW, DT BE Jayas, DS White, NDG Muir, WE TI THE MYCOLOGY OF STORED GRAIN - AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SO STORED-GRAIN ECOSYSTEMS SE BOOKS IN SOILS, PLANTS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Stored-Grain Ecosystems CY JUN 07-10, 1992 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP UNIV MANITOBA, DEPT AGR ENGN, WINNIPEG RES CTR AGR & AGR FOOD CANADA C1 USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 0-8247-8983-0 J9 BOOK SOIL P PY 1995 BP 197 EP 249 PG 53 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BB71P UT WOS:A1995BB71P00007 ER PT S AU Faust, M AF Faust, M BE Sansavini, S Looney, N TI Research and development in world fruit production SO STRATEGIES FOR A MODERN POMOLOGY, FRUIT SECTION WORKSHOP SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fruit Section Workshop on Strategies for a Modern Pomology, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Faust, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-827-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 400 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26N UT WOS:000071638300001 ER PT B AU STEWART, BA ZHU, ZX JONES, OR AF STEWART, BA ZHU, ZX JONES, OR BE Virmani, SM Katyal, JC Eswaran, H Abrol, IP TI Optimizing rainwater use SO STRESSED ECOSYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stressed Ecosystems and Sustainable Agriculture CY FEB 15-20, 1993 CL HYDERABAD, INDIA SP Indian Council Agr Res, Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Cent Res Inst Dryland Agr, US Agcy Int Dev, Soil Managment Support Serv C1 USDA ARS,SO PLAINS AREA CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI LEBANON PA 52 LABOMBARD ROAD NORTH, LEBANON, NH 03766 BN 1-886106-14-2 PY 1995 BP 253 EP 265 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD92M UT WOS:A1995BD92M00021 ER PT B AU PARR, JF PAPENDICK, RI HORNICK, SB MEYER, RE AF PARR, JF PAPENDICK, RI HORNICK, SB MEYER, RE BE Virmani, SM Katyal, JC Eswaran, H Abrol, IP TI Managing water resources to improve the sustainability of dryland farming systems SO STRESSED ECOSYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stressed Ecosystems and Sustainable Agriculture CY FEB 15-20, 1993 CL HYDERABAD, INDIA SP Indian Council Agr Res, Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Cent Res Inst Dryland Agr, US Agcy Int Dev, Soil Managment Support Serv C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI LEBANON PA 52 LABOMBARD ROAD NORTH, LEBANON, NH 03766 BN 1-886106-14-2 PY 1995 BP 341 EP 353 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD92M UT WOS:A1995BD92M00027 ER PT B AU ARNOLD, RW AF ARNOLD, RW BE Virmani, SM Katyal, JC Eswaran, H Abrol, IP TI Agroclimatology and sustainable agriculture in stressed environments SO STRESSED ECOSYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stressed Ecosystems and Sustainable Agriculture CY FEB 15-20, 1993 CL HYDERABAD, INDIA SP Indian Council Agr Res, Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Cent Res Inst Dryland Agr, US Agcy Int Dev, Soil Managment Support Serv C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DIV SOIL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI LEBANON PA 52 LABOMBARD ROAD NORTH, LEBANON, NH 03766 BN 1-886106-14-2 PY 1995 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD92M UT WOS:A1995BD92M00031 ER PT B AU Huber, SC Bachmann, M McMichael, RW Huber, JL AF Huber, SC Bachmann, M McMichael, RW Huber, JL BE Pontis, HG Salerno, GL Echeverria, EJ TI Regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase by reversible protein phosphorylation: Manipulation of activation and inactivation in vivo SO SUCROSE METABOLISM, BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sucrose Metabolism - Sucrose Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology CY MAY 08-13, 1995 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA SP Fundac Investigac Biol Aplicadas, Mar del Plata, Univ Florida, Gainesville C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,ARS,USDA,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-31-3 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 14 BP 6 EP 13 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG19B UT WOS:A1995BG19B00003 ER PT B AU Salvucci, ME vandeLoo, FJ Klein, RR AF Salvucci, ME vandeLoo, FJ Klein, RR BE Pontis, HG Salerno, GL Echeverria, EJ TI The structure of sucrose-phosphate synthase SO SUCROSE METABOLISM, BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sucrose Metabolism - Sucrose Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology CY MAY 08-13, 1995 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA SP Fundac Investigac Biol Aplicadas, Mar del Plata, Univ Florida, Gainesville C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-31-3 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 14 BP 25 EP 33 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG19B UT WOS:A1995BG19B00005 ER PT B AU Black, CC Loboda, T Chen, JQ Sung, SJS AF Black, CC Loboda, T Chen, JQ Sung, SJS BE Pontis, HG Salerno, GL Echeverria, EJ TI Can sucrose cleavage enzymes serve as markers for sink strength and is sucrose a signal molecule during plant sink development? SO SUCROSE METABOLISM, BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sucrose Metabolism - Sucrose Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology CY MAY 08-13, 1995 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA SP Fundac Investigac Biol Aplicadas, Mar del Plata, Univ Florida, Gainesville C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,US FOREST SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-31-3 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 14 BP 49 EP 64 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG19B UT WOS:A1995BG19B00008 ER PT B AU Chourey, PS Miller, ME AF Chourey, PS Miller, ME BE Pontis, HG Salerno, GL Echeverria, EJ TI On the role of sucrose synthase in cellulose and callose biosynthesis in plants SO SUCROSE METABOLISM, BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sucrose Metabolism - Sucrose Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology CY MAY 08-13, 1995 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA SP Fundac Investigac Biol Aplicadas, Mar del Plata, Univ Florida, Gainesville C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-31-3 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 14 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG19B UT WOS:A1995BG19B00011 ER PT B AU Bush, DR Chiou, TJ AF Bush, DR Chiou, TJ BE Pontis, HG Salerno, GL Echeverria, EJ TI Sucrose transporters in assimilate partitioning and plant growth SO SUCROSE METABOLISM, BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sucrose Metabolism - Sucrose Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology CY MAY 08-13, 1995 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA SP Fundac Investigac Biol Aplicadas, Mar del Plata, Univ Florida, Gainesville C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,ARS,USDA,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-31-3 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 14 BP 198 EP 205 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG19B UT WOS:A1995BG19B00022 ER PT J AU PEKAS, JC AF PEKAS, JC GP OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV TI Superalimentation versus feed restriction: Effects on body growth and composition and on gastrointestinal organ size and metabolism SO SYMPOSIUM: INTAKE BY FEEDLOT CATTLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Intake by Feedlot Cattle CY NOV 17-19, 1994 CL TULSA, OK SP Oklahoma State Univ, Plains Nutr Council C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV DIV AGRICULTURE PI STILLWATER PA STILLWATER, OK 74078 PY 1995 BP 119 EP 135 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BD66F UT WOS:A1995BD66F00014 ER PT B AU COLEMAN, SW STUTH, JW HOLLOWAY, JW AF COLEMAN, SW STUTH, JW HOLLOWAY, JW GP OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV TI Prediction of intake by near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of fecal samples SO SYMPOSIUM: INTAKE BY FEEDLOT CATTLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Intake by Feedlot Cattle CY NOV 17-19, 1994 CL TULSA, OK SP Oklahoma State Univ, Plains Nutr Council C1 USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,EL RENO,OK. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV DIV AGRICULTURE PI STILLWATER PA STILLWATER, OK 74078 PY 1995 BP 145 EP 155 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BD66F UT WOS:A1995BD66F00017 ER PT J AU COLE, NA AF COLE, NA GP OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV TI Intake control systems SO SYMPOSIUM: INTAKE BY FEEDLOT CATTLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Intake by Feedlot Cattle CY NOV 17-19, 1994 CL TULSA, OK SP Oklahoma State Univ, Plains Nutr Council DE CATTLE; FEED INTAKE; SYSTEMS; FEEDING PATTERNS C1 USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV DIV AGRICULTURE PI STILLWATER PA STILLWATER, OK 74078 PY 1995 BP 156 EP 161 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BD66F UT WOS:A1995BD66F00018 ER PT B AU HAHN, GL AF HAHN, GL GP OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV TI Environmental influences on feed intake and performance of feedlot cattle SO SYMPOSIUM: INTAKE BY FEEDLOT CATTLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Intake by Feedlot Cattle CY NOV 17-19, 1994 CL TULSA, OK SP Oklahoma State Univ, Plains Nutr Council C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,BIOL ENGN RES UNIT,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV DIV AGRICULTURE PI STILLWATER PA STILLWATER, OK 74078 PY 1995 BP 207 EP 225 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BD66F UT WOS:A1995BD66F00026 ER PT J AU POND, KR BURNS, JC FISHER, DS LUGINBUHL, JM AROEIRA, LJM AF POND, KR BURNS, JC FISHER, DS LUGINBUHL, JM AROEIRA, LJM GP OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV TI Intake monitoring systems: Electronics and markers SO SYMPOSIUM: INTAKE BY FEEDLOT CATTLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Intake by Feedlot Cattle CY NOV 17-19, 1994 CL TULSA, OK SP Oklahoma State Univ, Plains Nutr Council C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV DIV AGRICULTURE PI STILLWATER PA STILLWATER, OK 74078 PY 1995 BP 326 EP 334 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BD66F UT WOS:A1995BD66F00036 ER PT S AU HAMILTONKEMP, TR MCCRACKEN, CT ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF AF HAMILTONKEMP, TR MCCRACKEN, CT ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF BE Baker, DR Fenyes, JG Basarab, GS TI ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL VOLATILE COMPOUNDS SO SYNTHESIS AND CHEMISTRY OF AGROCHEMICALS IV SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV CY MAR 13-27, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC ID POLLEN GERMINATION; AROMA COMPONENTS; MUTAGENICITY; FUNGI AB Macerated foliage from several plant species including tomato emits volatile compounds which inhibit germination of pollen and growth of hyphae of the economically important plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea. The compounds emitted from the wounded tomato tissue consist of lipoxygenase-lyase derived aldehydes and alcohols and also terpene hydrocarbons as shown by Tenax headspace vapor trapping and GC-MS analysis. Unsaturated aldehydes such as (E)-2-hexenal, at sub-mu mol / L air concentrations, inhibited fungal growth in bioassays whereas the terpenes tested did not. The aldehydes appear to account for the antifungal activity exhibited by vapors from the wounded leaf tissue. Lipoxygenase-lyase derived volatile compounds also inhibited growth of plant pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas species) and E. coli. (E)-2-Hexenal was active against Pseudomonas syringae pv angulata at a sub-mu mol / L air concentration. (E)-2-Hexenal was relatively toxic to Salmonella typhimurium tester strains in the Ames test but did not appear to be mutagenic when tested in the vapor phase. Possible applications of volatile compounds, which are human dietary constituents, to reduce microbial populations on foods and plants are discussed. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP HAMILTONKEMP, TR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3091-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 584 BP 449 EP 462 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Engineering GA BC73X UT WOS:A1995BC73X00039 ER PT S AU ANDERSEN, RA MCCRACKEN, CT HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, DF AF ANDERSEN, RA MCCRACKEN, CT HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, DF BE Baker, DR Fenyes, JG Basarab, GS TI NITROSATION OF TOBACCO ALKALOIDS DURING STORAGE REDUCED BY ANTIMICROBIAL (E)-2-HEXENAL VAPOR SO SYNTHESIS AND CHEMISTRY OF AGROCHEMICALS IV SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV CY MAR 13-27, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC ID VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; CARCINOGENICITY AB Release of volatiles by the lipoxygenase enzyme system (LOX) in plants may be a primary defense mechanism against microbial infection. We showed that among LOX C-6 aldehydes, an alpha,beta double bond adjacent to the carbonyl moiety enhanced antimicrobial activity. Smokeless tobaccos during storage may have undergone nitrosation by microbial action causing accumulations of alkaloid-derived nitrosamines. Some nitrosated alkaloids related to nicotine are carcinogenic and it is desirable to prevent their formation. Storage of snuff tobaccos with E-2-hexenal (which generally has the highest relative abundance among LOX-derived C-6 aldehydes) in the gaseous phase resulted in reduced accumulations of nitrite and nitrosamines compared to controls without E-2-hexenal. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP ANDERSEN, RA (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3091-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 584 BP 463 EP 472 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Engineering GA BC73X UT WOS:A1995BC73X00040 ER PT J AU BLAND, JM AF BLAND, JM TI SYNTHESIS OF (R)-(+)-BOC-ITURINIC ACID (N-C-14) FROM ASPARTIC-ACID SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BETA-AMINO ACIDS; EPC SYNTHESIS; EFFICIENT AB The first enantiospecific synthesis of the n-C14 isomer of iturinic acid, suitably protected for peptide synthesis, is presented. A new method for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure beta-amino acids from aspartic acid is used. The key step consists of an organocuprate addition to a tosylate derivative of aspartic acid, reduced at the alpha-carboxylic acid. RP BLAND, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 467 EP 477 DI 10.1080/00397919508011380 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA QE430 UT WOS:A1995QE43000003 ER PT S AU CAMPBELL, SJ WHITNEY, SA AF CAMPBELL, SJ WHITNEY, SA BE Georg, GI Chem, TT Ojima, I Vyas, DM TI THE PACIFIC YEW ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT-STATEMENT SO TAXANE ANTICANCER AGENTS: BASIC SCIENCE AND CURRENT STATUS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Taxane Anticancer Agents - Basic Science and Current Status, at the 207th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CHEM HLTH & SAFETY, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV MED CHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, ORGAN CHEM AB Pacific yew, an evergreen tree found in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, contains the cancer-fighting drug taxol. The need to harvest Pacific yew from federal lands to obtain taxol for research and commercial sale precipitated a number of federal actions in the early 1990's. These included passage of a law protecting Pacific yew, a three-state inventory of the species, cooperative agreements between three federal agencies and a major pharmaceutical company, and an analysis of the impacts of Pacific yew harvest on the environment. The analysis is documented in an environmental impact statement, published in September of 1993. RP CAMPBELL, SJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REG,NAT RESOURCES GRP,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3073-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 583 BP 58 EP 71 PG 14 WC Oncology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA BB96Q UT WOS:A1995BB96Q00004 ER PT B AU VENSEL, WH TARR, GE AF VENSEL, WH TARR, GE BE Crabb, JW TI Minimizing N-to-O shift in Edman sequencing SO TECHNIQUES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY VI SE TECHNIQUES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY (ACADEMIC PRESS INC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium of the Protein-Society - Techniques in Protein Chemistry CY JUL 09-13, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP PROTEIN SOC RP USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 BN 0-12-194712-2 J9 TECH PROT CHEM PY 1995 VL 6 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S1080-8914(06)80024-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BC88B UT WOS:A1995BC88B00021 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CE HARPER, RJ AF MORRIS, CE HARPER, RJ TI ABRASION PERFORMANCE OF COTTON FABRIC AFTER ETHERIFICATION AND ESTERIFICATION CROSS-LINKING SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE ABRASION RESISTANCE; BTCA; COTTON; DMDHEU; DURABLE PRESS; TEA ID ACID; RETENTION AB Cotton fabrics were crosslinked with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and with 1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) by delayed cure processes, The abrasion resistance of the crosslinked fabrics was compared by observing damage to trouser cuffs during repeated laundering and tumble drying, Cuffs crosslinked with BTCA catalyzed with sodium hypophosphite and cured for two minutes at 180C had superior abrasion resistance compared with those treated with DMDHEU having equivalent durable press (DP) performance. Substituting a 10-minute cure at 160C substantially decreased the BTCA treated fabric's abrasion resistance. Effects of adding triethanolamine (TEA) or TEA (.) HCl to BTCA pad baths and of adding-a polyethoxylated quaternary ammonium salt or polyethylene glycol to baths containing BTCA or DMDHEU were studied. TEA improved the abrasion resistance of treated fabrics, but slightly towered DP performance, The quaternary salt improved the abrasion resistance of both BTCA and DMDHEU treated fabrics. RP MORRIS, CE (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA QC075 UT WOS:A1995QC07500004 ER PT J AU RONGWEN, J AKKAYA, MS BHAGWAT, AA LAVI, U CREGAN, PB AF RONGWEN, J AKKAYA, MS BHAGWAT, AA LAVI, U CREGAN, PB TI THE USE OF MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS FOR SOYBEAN GENOTYPE IDENTIFICATION SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; DNA FINGER PRINTING; GENE DIVERSITY; PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION; DNA MARKERS ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE MAP; DIVERSITY AB Conventional morphological and pigementation traits, as well as disease resistance, have been used to distinguish the uniqueness of new soybean cultivars for purposes of plant variety protection. With increasing numbers of cultivars and a finite number of conventional characters, it has become apparent that such traits will not suffice to establish uniqueness. The objective of this work was to provide an initial evaluation of microsatellite or simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) DNA markers to develop unique DNA profiles of soybean genotypes. Microsatellites are DNA sequences such as (AT)(n)/(TA)(n) and (ATT)(n)/(TAA)(n) that are composed of tandemly repeated 2-5-basepair DNA core sequences. The DNA sequences flanking microsatellites are generally conserved allowing the selection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers that will amplify the intervening SSR. Variation in the number of tandem repeats, ''n'', results in PCR product length differences. The SSR alleles present at three (AT)(n)/(TA)(n) and four (ATT)(n)/(TAA)(n) loci were determined in each of 96 diverse soybean genotypes. Between 11 and 26 alleles were found at each of the seven loci. Only two genotypes had identical SSR allelic profiles and these had very similar pedigrees. The gene diversity for the seven markers averaged 0.87 for all 96 genotypes and 0.74 for a subset of 26 North American cultivars. These are much higher than soybean gene diversity values obtained using RELP markers, and are similar to the average values obtained for human microsatellite markers, SSR markers provide an excellent complement to the conventional markers that are currently used to characterize soybean genotypes. C1 USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NCI,VIRAL CARCINOGENESIS LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST HORT,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 17 TC 223 Z9 285 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA QF110 UT WOS:A1995QF11000006 PM 24173782 ER PT J AU LEE, JH GRAYBOSCH, RA PETERSON, CJ AF LEE, JH GRAYBOSCH, RA PETERSON, CJ TI QUALITY AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF A IBL/IRS WHEAT-RYE TRANSLOCATION IN WHEAT SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE WHEAT RYE TRANSLOCATIONS; 1BL/1RS; END-USE QUALITY; FLOUR PROTEIN COMPOSITION; SIZE-EXCLUSION HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUIDS CHROMATOGRAPHY ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 1B/1R TRANSLOCATION; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; BREAD WHEATS; WINTER-WHEAT; 1BL/1RS; STICKINESS; FRACTIONS; GLUTENIN; LINES AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders worldwide have used rye (Secale cereale L.) as a source of genes for agronomic improvement. The 1BL/1RS wheat-rye chromosomal translocation derived from the Russian cultivars 'Kavkaz' and 'Aurora' has been among the most common means of accessing useful rye genes. Unfortunately, deleterious wheat quality effects are often associated with the presence of 1RS. The identification of genetic backgrounds capable of alleviating the deleterious effects of 1RS is crucial for its continued exploitation. End-use quality parameters and flour protein composition, as measured by size-exclusion highperformance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) of 373 wheat lines, derived from seven 1BL/1RS breeding populations, were analyzed. In all populations, significant quality defects were detected in 1BL/1RS lines compared to non-1RS sister lines. The detrimental quality effects resulted from alteration of the ratio of flour protein composition, especially, decreased glutenin concentrations, and increased salt-water soluble protein concentrations. The end-use quality of 1BL/1RS lines, however, was highly dependent on genetic backgrounds. The potential exists for improvement in quality through crosses between 1RS lines with high glutenin, or low salt-water soluble protein concentrations, and non-1RS lines with strong dough properties. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA QF110 UT WOS:A1995QF11000014 PM 24173790 ER PT J AU SONG, YC GUSTAFSON, JP AF SONG, YC GUSTAFSON, JP TI THE PHYSICAL LOCATION OF 14 RFLP MARKERS IN RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA L) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BIOTIN LABELING; DNA SEQUENCE MAPPING ID RNA MULTIGENE FAMILY; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; DNA-SEQUENCES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LINKAGE MAP; PLANT CHROMOSOMES; COMMON WHEAT; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; BRONZE LOCUS; LONG ARM AB A biotin-labeled in situ hybridization technique was used in order to physically map RFLP markers to the chromosomes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Fourteen RFLP markers, associated with the ends of the linkage groups on rice chromosomes 7, 8, 11, 12, were physically mapped onto specific regions of the chromosomes. The average detection rate of in situ hybridization was 5.91%. The markers were located on seven different chromosome arms. Ten of the fourteen markers were distributed near the chromosome ends. This demonstrated that the RFLP linkage groups involved covered a wide physical distance and that the centromeric region was bisected by all but one linkage group. Two markers covered a short genetic distance but were physically distant, while two covering a longer genetic distance were physically closer together. This indicates that considerable variation can, and does, exist between genetic and physical maps. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SONG, YC (reprint author), WUHAN UNIV,COLL LIFE SCI,WUHAN 430072,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA QF110 UT WOS:A1995QF11000015 PM 24173791 ER PT S AU HUNTER, WB HSU, HT AF HUNTER, WB HSU, HT BE Parker, BL Skinner, M Lewis, T TI Establishing thrips cell cultures to study tospoviruses SO THRIPS BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES A, LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Thysanoptera - Towards Understanding Thrips Management CY SEP 28-30, 1993 CL BURLINGTON, VT SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div, Amer Cyanamid Co, BASF Corp, Chittenden Cty Maple Sugar Makers Assoc, EcoScience Corp, Koppert Biol Syst, New England Greenhouse Conf, Olympus Corp, Precis Instrument Div, Univ Vermont, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Univ Vermont, Plant & Soil Sci Dept, USDA, APHIS, Natl Biol Control Inst, USDA, Cooperat State Res Serv, NE IPM Reg, USDA, Cooperat State Res Serv, Competit Grants Program, USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Vermont Maple Sugar Makers Assoc, Vermont Dept Forests Pks & Recreat, Yoder Bros Inc C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1213 BN 0-306-45013-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1995 VL 276 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BD69E UT WOS:A1995BD69E00022 ER PT J AU DURKIN, PR RUBIN, L WITHEY, J MEYLAN, W AF DURKIN, PR RUBIN, L WITHEY, J MEYLAN, W TI METHODS OF ASSESSING DERMAL ABSORPTION WITH EMPHASIS ON UPTAKE FROM CONTAMINATED VEGETATION SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE CONTAMINATED VEGETATION DERMAL ABSORPTION; DISLODGEABLE RESIDUE; RISK ASSESSMENT ID EXPOSURE; PESTICIDES; HARVESTERS; REENTRY; SKIN AB Dermal absorption may be an important route of exposure in several exposure scenarios for workers and the general public. Because criteria (e.g., RfDs or MRLs) for chemical exposures are usually expressed in units of mg/kg/day, risk assessments often attempt to convert dermal exposure data to units of mg/kg/day absorbed dose. For some types of dermal exposure involving direct and continuous contact with liquids, Fick's first law may be used. In other cases, such as those involving spills onto the skin surface or dermal exposure to contaminated vegetation, the applicability of Fick's first law is limited. This analysis focuses on a method for estimating absorbed dose from dermal contact with contaminated vegetation or other surfaces. The method involves two steps: estimating the transfer rate from contaminated vegetation to the skin surface, and estimating the extent of absorption from the skin surface into the body. A generic equation can be derived for estimating the transfer rate (TR) from dislodgeable foliar residues (DFR): logTR = 1.09 logDFR + 0.05. Given the surface area of the exposed skin and the duration of contact, this equation can be used to estimate the amount of a chemical deposited on the surface of the skin. This equation is based on data from eight different studies using 16 different pesticides. Excluding one outlier (Vinclozolin), the squared correlation coefficient for this equation is 0.78, and the model is significant at p < 0.00001. Data from a series of studies by Feldmann and Maibach (1969, 1970, 1974) are used to estimate dermal absorption. These studies were selected as the most relevant for risk assessment because most of the experimental subjects are human and because the nature of the dermal exposures was closely related to many exposure scenarios used in risk assessments. For all 47 compounds included in this series of studies, there were no significant correlations between commonly available physical or chemical properties and dermal absorption. For those compounds with a K-o/w > 1.85, however, she average daily absorption rate (AR) over a five-day postexposure period can be estimated from the molecular weight: logAR = -0.04MW + 1.5. The squared correlation coefficient for this equation is 0.68, and the model is significant at p < 0.00001. The usefulness of this approach is evaluated using a study by Harris and Solomon (1992) in which the absorption of 2,4-D from contaminated turf was measured in a group of volunteers. The estimated absorbed dose using the equations above is very close to the measured values. C1 USDA,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. HLTH CANADA,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. SYRACUSE RES CORP,SYRACUSE,NY. RP DURKIN, PR (reprint author), SYRACUSE ENVIRONM RES ASSOCIATES INC,5100 HIGHBRIDGE ST,42C,FAYETTEVILLE,NY 13066, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 11 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RH317 UT WOS:A1995RH31700006 PM 7652752 ER PT J AU SARR, AB MAYURA, K KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD AF SARR, AB MAYURA, K KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD TI EFFECTS OF PHYLLOSILICATE CLAY ON THE METABOLIC PROFILE OF AFLATOXIN B-1 IN FISCHER-344 RATS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AFLATOXIN B-1; METABOLISM; PHYLLOSILICATE CLAY ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIMINUTION; URINE AB The phyllosilicate clay, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), has been shown to prevent aflatoxicosis in farm animals by reducing the bioavailability of aflatoxin. The present study was designed to determine the effects of HSCAS on the metabolism of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) in an aflatoxin-sensitive species. Male Fischer-344 rats were orally dosed with 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mg AFB(1)/kg body weight alone and in combination with 0.5% HSCAS. Urine samples were collected after 6, 24, 36, and 48 h. Aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) and aflatoxin P-1 (AFP(1)) were detected in most urine samples, with or without HSCAS. AFM(1) was found to be the major metabolite. Metabolite concentrations were significantly decreased in the presence of HSCAS, and more importantly, no additional metabolites were detected. Our results suggest that the AFB(1)-HSCAS complex was not significantly dissociated in vivo, and support earlier findings that HSCAS tightly binds aflatoxin, C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,FAC TOXICOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77841. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(94)03179-B PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QG739 UT WOS:A1995QG73900016 PM 7863521 ER PT J AU THOMASSON, JA TAYLOR, RA AF THOMASSON, JA TAYLOR, RA TI COLOR RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LINT AND SEED COTTON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COLOR TRASH METERS; COTTON GINS; SEEDS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AB It is desirable to predict lint cotton color in advance of processing the cotton in a gin. Improvements over the use of seed cotton color as the lone predictor are needed. Standard lint color and trash content measurements were made on 61 samples of lint and seed cotton to determine the predictability of lint color from that of seed cotton. Also, visible spectral data were collected from the seed cotton and lint samples, and from corresponding samples of fuzzy and delinted seed. Simple and multiple linear regression were conducted to determine the relationships among lint color, seed cotton color, and spectral data. Trash content data and spectral data, from cotton seed were applied in addition to seed cotton data in an effort to enhance the predictability of lint color. Results from linear regression showed that seed cotton color correlated moderately (R(2) approximate to 0.6) with lint color. Seed cotton and lint reflectances at individual 50-nm spectral bands correlated poorly (R(2) approximate to 0.2). With trash content in the analysis, the fit was improved (R(2) approximate to 0.4). Seed spectral data also improved the correlations (R(2) approximate to 0.4). In addition, seed spectral data improved the correlations between seed cotton color and lint color (from R(2) approximate to 0.6 to R(2) approximate to 0.7). Ratios of seed spectral data were about as effective as the spectral data themselves, The inclusion of seed cotton spectral data in these models improved correlations slightly more (from R(2) approximate to 0.7 to R(2) approximate to 0.8). Adjusting lint and seed cotton spectral data for trash and seed reflectances was largely unsuccessful in improving correlations between lint and seed cotton spectral data. The regression methods and data relationships mentioned above are discussed in detail in the article. C1 USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES UNIT,CLEMSON,SC. RP THOMASSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US COTTON GINNING LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200002 ER PT J AU MUCK, RE HUHNKE, RL AF MUCK, RE HUHNKE, RL TI OXYGEN INFILTRATION FROM HORIZONTAL SILO UNLOADING PRACTICES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SILO UNLOADERS; SILAGE; OXYGEN; AEROBIC DETERIORATION; TEMPERATURE ID AEROBIC STABILITY; MODEL; SILAGE; FORAGE AB Three bunker silos (two corn, one alfalfa) were unloaded with both a skid-steer loader and a silo unloader which milled the face. Gas, temperature, and core samples were taken from each silo at four heights (50 cm from floor and top, two intermediate locations) and four depths from the face (12.5, 25, 50, 100 cm). Oxygen levels in the gas samples were 1.1 to 2.2 percentage units on a volume basis higher on the skid-steer side, resulting from the increased surface area (8, 10, and 26% for the two corn and one alfalfa silos, respectively) and porosity of the silage at the face (4, 29, and 92%, respectively) caused by this unloading scheme. Aerobic microbial counts were low in all three silos. However, yeasts and acetic acid bacteria were higher in the skid-steer core samples. In the alfalfa silo and the corn silo sampled in summer, total fermentation products were 22 and 7 g/kg DM lower in the skid-steer core samples, respectively, suggesting somewhat higher aerobic losses with this unloading method. Overall, differences in the characteristics of the silages removed by the two unloaders in this study were small. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP MUCK, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200003 ER PT J AU BAKER, RV BARKER, GL AF BAKER, RV BARKER, GL TI POTENTIAL FOR ADJUSTABLE GRID BARS IN STICK EXTRACTORS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; CLEANERS; TRASH; EXTRACTORS AB Sixteen grid bar arrangements were tested to evaluate the potential benefits of adjustable grid bars for both the extracting saw and the reclaiming saw in a bur and stick extractor. Four spacing arrangements for the grid bars around the primary extraction saw were evaluated in combination with similar spacing arrangements for the grids around the reclaimer saw cylinder In general, increases in grid spacing tended to increase both cleaning efficiency and lint wastage. Several of the grid spacing combinations produced about the same cleaning efficiency, but widely different lint wastage values. Results indicated that care should be taken in selecting a grid spacing arrangement if one wishes to maximize efficiency at a tolerable lint wastage level. Large variations were also encountered in cleaning performance and lint wastage among test cottons. These large differences in stick extractor performance illustrate the difficulty of selecting a single, grid spacing arrangement that will produce satisfactory results for a wide range of stripper-harvested cottons. One potential solution to this problem would be to develop the means for quickly adjusting the grids bars used in these types of machines, especially those grids used around the primary sling-off saw cylinder. RP BAKER, RV (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PROD & PROC RES UNIT,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200004 ER PT J AU SMITH, LA AF SMITH, LA TI COTTON RESPONSE TO DEEP TILLAGE WITH CONTROLLED TRAFFIC ON CLAY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; CLAY; SOIL MOISTURE; COTTON ID SOIL AB Tillage recommendations for clay soils indicate that subsoiling is not beneficial. This conclusion was reached by previous researchers after evaluating crop yield response to subsoiling clay soil in the spring when the soil was wet from winter rains. This study evaluated the effects of subsoiling dry clay soil (montmorillonitic, Tunica clay) compared to the recommended practice of disk-harrow tillage. Two nitrogen levels and two population levels were also included in the randomized complete block design with four replications. Duplicate experiments were installed in irrigated and nonirrigated environments in the same field. Fall subsoiling of Tunica clay soil provided significant cotton yield improvement over recommended disk-harrow tillage for three out of four years in the nonirrigated environment Average yield increases were 14.7 and 8.2% in the nonirrigated and irrigated environments, respectively. Soil moisture tensions provided evidence of improved storage of water in the soil profile of deep-tilled treatments. Late season nitrogen (N) applications of 25 kg ha(-1) generally was not beneficial. An increase in plant population from 60 to 80 k plants ha(-1) significantly improved cotton yield in the nonirrigated environment, but did not significantly improve yield in the irrigated environment, The benefits of subsoiling dry clay soil demonstrated by this study indicates that tillage recommendations for clay soil should include soil moisture content as a constraint. RP SMITH, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200006 ER PT J AU BARKER, GL LAIRD, JW WIECK, BJ AF BARKER, GL LAIRD, JW WIECK, BJ TI MOISTURE TRANSFER RATES FOR COTTON TRASH COMPONENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE LEAF; LIMB; STICK; CARPEL; MODELING; DRYING; PROCESSING; CONDITIONING; FIBER ID LINT MOISTURE; REGAIN RATES; TEMPERATURE AB Moisture control during the harvesting, storage, and processing phases of cotton production is essential for producing a quality product. Basic information relating environmental parameters to equilibrium moisture content and the moisture transfer rates for cotton and its component parts will lead to better understanding of the processes involved and to better design and control criteria for cotton conditioning equipment. This report depicts the moisture absorption and desorption rates for cotton trash components at temperatures ranging from 5 degrees to 80 degrees C (41 degrees to 176 degrees F). The moisture data were transformed and found to fit a theoretical, falling rate curve. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the value of the coefficients in the theoretical equation to the experimental data. Results indicate that both temperature and air type (dry or humid) significantly affect the coefficient ''D'' in the nonlinear equations. As expected, moisture transfer rates increased as temperature increased from 5 degrees to 80 degrees C and the drying rate was higher than the moisture absorption rate for each cotton trash component at each temperature, Leaves had the highest moisture transfer rates followed by burs and then sticks. C1 ENVIRO AG ENGINEERS INC,DUMAS,TX. RP BARKER, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PROD & PROC RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200007 ER PT J AU BRAGG, CK SIMPSON, CL BRASHEARS, AD BAKER, RV AF BRAGG, CK SIMPSON, CL BRASHEARS, AD BAKER, RV TI BARK EFFECT ON SPINNING EFFICIENCY OF COTTON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; CLEANING EQUIPMENT; PROCESSING AB Cotton mixes with various combinations of low and high bark content were processed on standard, tandem, and modern (two different manufacturers) textile cleaning equipment, and then spun on a modern rotor spinning frame to determine the effect of bark concentrations on processing efficiency and yarn quality. Increased bark concentrations did not significantly reduce yam quality for any of the four processing sequences. The number of yarn breaks in spinning increased (efficiency loss) approximately 66% for each one percent increase in bark content for the cottons processed on standard textile equipment. Yam breaks were not significantly affected by increased bark concentrations when tandem carding or modern cleaning and carding equipment were used. C1 USDA ARS,COTTON GINNING RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX. RP BRAGG, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200008 ER PT J AU JOHNSEN, KE LIU, HH DANE, JH AHUJA, LR WORKMAN, SR AF JOHNSEN, KE LIU, HH DANE, JH AHUJA, LR WORKMAN, SR TI SIMULATING FLUCTUATING WATER TABLES AND TILE DRAINAGE WITH A MODIFIED ROOT-ZONE WATER-QUALITY MODEL AND A NEW MODEL WAFLOWM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SIMULATION; GROUNDWATER; TABLE; DRAINAGE; INFILTRATION; REDISTRIBUTION ID RICHARDS EQUATION; UNSATURATED ZONE; FLOW; PREFLO AB The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is presently undergoing extensive evaluation at several locations, especially in the Midwestern states participating in the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) projects, where it will be used for quantifying and analyzing effects of agricultural management systems on ground and surface water quality. Presently, the model does not simulate fluctuating water tables in the root zone and tile drainage conditions that occur in several parts of the Midwest. To study the effects on water quality under such conditions, we modified the water movement module (newly named RZWFLO) of RZWQM. To test the modified numerical scheme, we also simulated the above conditions with a new more rigorous numerical model (WAFLOWM) which contains an optimizing dynamic gridding scheme. Both models employed the recently proposed mass-conservative simulation technique for solving the one-dimensional soil water flow equation, but RZWFLO uses pressure head as the dependent variable, whereas WAFLOWM uses hydraulic head. The models also differed in the number and placement of numerical nodes, and in their approaches to the simulation of infiltration. The results from both models were evaluated against three years of field data from a site near Aurora, North Carolina, where water table depths were measured for three drainage spacings. Both models predicted water table depths which were comparable to those observed and those simulated by previous models within errors most likely caused by neglecting spatial variability of hydraulic properties and uncertainties in input data and parameters. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,SOIL & DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH. RP JOHNSEN, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200011 ER PT J AU OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR AF OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR TI EXTENDED LOGISTIC MODEL OF FORAGE GRASS RESPONSE TO APPLIED NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EXTENDED LOGISTIC MODEL OF FORAGE GRASS RESPONSE TO; MODEL; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; FORAGE GRASS ID YIELD; BERMUDAGRASS; BAHIAGRASS AB Models provide a quantitative means to describe response of forage grass to applied nutrients. An extended NPK model of forage grass response to applied nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) is presented, which provides estimates of dry matter yield and plant nutrient uptake, as well as plant nutrient concentrations. Yield and plant nutrient uptake are each estimated by logistic equations. Plant nutrient concentration is defined as the ratio of plant nutrient uptake to yield, and thus involves the ratio of two logistic equations. For fixed levels of two of the three nutrients, the equations reduce to the simple case for a single nutrient, developed in previous articles. A rigorous procedure was developed for estimating the model parameters, which was then applied to field data from a complete 4 x 4 x 4 factorial of N x P x K for Coastal bermudagrass on a Cecil sandy loam. It described data from the field study rather well, with scatter diagrams which gave correlation coefficients of 0.98, 0.98, and 0.97 between estimated and observed plant uptake of N, P, and K, respectively Estimated maximum potential yield of 29.8 Mg/ha was close to the value 30.1 Mg/ha measured at Tifton, Georgia. The model can be used to evaluate interactions among applied N, P, and K, and to estimate nutrient balances and sufficiency levels for the three major elements. Implementation on a pocket calculator is very simple. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP OVERMAN, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200014 ER PT J AU HANSON, GJ AF HANSON, GJ TI ULTRASONIC IMMERSION TESTING OF A COMPACTED SOIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL; COMPACTION; ULTRASONIC; SWELL AB The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using ultrasonic immersion testing as a simple procedure to identify and quantify the effects of immersion on a compacted soil. Preliminary tests were made on a soil compacted at various moisture contents. The soil surface and the ultrasonic probe were both immersed in water and separated from one another by a fixed vertical distance. The transmitted signal (pulse) and the received signal (echo) were monitored for changes with time using an oscilloscope. The results demonstrated that ultrasonic testing of the soil may be used to give an indication of the soil surface swell due to soil compaction. The magnitude of soil swell was observed to increase as the compaction moisture content decreased with the exception of the sample compacted at a moisture content of 2%. RP HANSON, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74074, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200015 ER PT J AU DESOUSA, PL DEDRICK, AR CLEMMENS, AJ PEREIRA, LS AF DESOUSA, PL DEDRICK, AR CLEMMENS, AJ PEREIRA, LS TI EFFECT OF FURROW ELEVATION DIFFERENCES ON LEVEL-BASIN PERFORMANCE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SURFACE IRRIGATION; LEVEL-BASIN IRRIGATION; LAND LEVELING; LAND SHAPING; LASER-CONTROLLED LEVELING; WATER DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY AB The uniformity of the water distribution on level basins is a function of inflow rate, basin length, infiltration characteristics, resistance to flow, spatial variability of soils, and, to a large extent, basin microtopography. The leveling precision attainable and the maintenance of this precision with various tillage implements are paramount to the successful use of level basins. Both leveling and tillage inadequacies were identified in research conducted on level basins in Portugal. The impact of these inadequacies on the performance of level basins, where basin-wide water distribution uniformity (DU) and crop yield (corn was used in the example) were used as performance indicators, was estimated by studying a distribution of level furrows with varying bed elevations within a basin, each receiving a different inflow rate depending on their relative elevations. The impact of laser-controlled leveling was illustrated Sor three precision improvement scenarios used to represent conditions in the United States and Portugal. The resultant improvement in crop yield in response to improved water distribution for the leveling precision improvement scenarios ranged from 8 (i.e., typical U. S. conditions) to 22 percentage points (i.e., typical Portuguese conditions) which were about one-half to two-thirds the improvement indicated by water distribution uniformity changes (i.e., 17 and 31 percentage points, respectively), These potential increases in production and the associated income realized, weighted against the cost to provide and maintain precisely leveled basins, can be used to guide decisions on leveling and the amount of effort to invest in precisely controlled tillage operations, Further, such an analysis can provide a basis for determining changes needed in the application of the technology (i.e., precision-controlled leveling and tillage operations) to justify its use. C1 USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RP DESOUSA, PL (reprint author), UNIV TECN LISBOA, INST SUPER AGRON, DEPT ENGN RURAL, TAPADA AJUDA, P-1399 LISBON, PORTUGAL. RI Santos Pereira, Luis/F-8799-2010 OI Santos Pereira, Luis/0000-0003-4425-3408 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200021 ER PT J AU KING, KW FLANAGAN, DC NORTON, LD LAFLEN, JM AF KING, KW FLANAGAN, DC NORTON, LD LAFLEN, JM TI RILL ERODIBILITY PARAMETERS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RILL ERODIBILITY; NO-TILL; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SHEAR STRESS; STREAM POWER ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL LOSS; NUTRIENT LOSSES; SURFACE RUNOFF; CROP RESIDUE; CORN; HYDRAULICS; EROSION; SYSTEMS AB A field study was conducted to estimate rill erodibility parameters on two paired north central Illinois soils with differing long-term management practices (conventional and no-till) in an effort to support on-going erosion and sediment transport modeling. Simulated rainfall and a sequence of inflows were applied to six treatments: aged tilled conventional, fresh tilled conventional, aged tilled no-till, fresh tilled no-till, undisturbed no-till with residue removed, and undisturbed no-till. Two models (shear stress and stream power) were used to analyze rill detachment rates. Baseline rill erodibilities for fresh tilled conventional (0.00879 g s(-1) N-1) and fresh tilled no-till (0.00541 g s(-1) N-1) were significantly different using the shear stress model. Consolidation also produced significant differences in erodibilities for the conventional tilled site (0.0122 g s(-1) N-1 and 0.00879 g s(-1) N-1 for aged and fresh tilled treatments, respectively). When stream power was used to model the response of rill detachment, no significant differences were detected in erodibility and critical stream power for baseline conditions. However, the stream power model accounted for most of the variability in detachment rates within each treatment. Long-term no-till significantly reduced sediment concentrations in the runoff from all other treatments (0.0045 g/g and 0.0067 g/g for undisturbed and undisturbed residue removed, respectively). Sediment concentration was a function of residue and consolidation. C1 USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN. RP KING, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76503, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200022 ER PT J AU ELASSAAD, FG STEWART, LE MALLINSON, ET CARR, LE JOSEPH, SW BERNEY, G AF ELASSAAD, FG STEWART, LE MALLINSON, ET CARR, LE JOSEPH, SW BERNEY, G TI PREDICTION OF RESIDUAL CHLORINE IN A POULTRY CRATE DISINFECTION SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CHLORINE; POULTRY TRANSPORT CRATES; SALMONELLA; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS AB This study was initiated to find better ways to disinfect poultry transport cages contaminated with Salmonella. A disinfection system was designed and constructed to simulate actual field conditions. Chicken wastes (manure, dirt, feathers) were mixed into the water bath of the model. Varying levels of sodium hypochlorite were added at different water temperatures for evaluation in the presence of organic materials. Results showed that residual chlorine decreased rapidly during the first 2 h of each treatment and then more slowly after 3 h, depending on the water/sludge temperature. Regression equations were developed to estimate residual chlorine at different water temperatures. These results provide important guidance for managers of crate disinfection operations. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA,AGR MKT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP ELASSAAD, FG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200025 ER PT J AU KORTHALS, RL KNIGHT, SL CRAWFORD, RR CHRISTIANSON, LL AF KORTHALS, RL KNIGHT, SL CRAWFORD, RR CHRISTIANSON, LL TI DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A SIMPLE CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT CONTROLLER FOR GROWTH CHAMBERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CO2; CONTROL; PULSE WIDTH MODULATION; PLANTS AB Proportional and proportional plus integral (PI) computer algorithms were implemented with a low cost pulse width modulated injection system to control CO2 in a 7.8 m(3) growth chamber. Experimental studies with plants in the growth chamber showed that average CO2 concentrations over 12 h were within 3 and 1 mu mol mol(-1) of set point for the proportional and PI controllers, respectively. The positive offset in CO2 concentration found for the proportional control was attributed to sampled measurements and pulse width modulated CO2 injection, and discussion was presented on how true errors differ from measured error estimates for pulse width modulated injection with long sampling periods relative to injection periods. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP KORTHALS, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,BIOL ENGN RES UNIT,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QT162 UT WOS:A1995QT16200028 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JW AF THOMAS, JW BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Forest health: What it is, what we're doing about it SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00005 ER PT J AU SAMSON, FB SHOESMITH, M AF SAMSON, FB SHOESMITH, M BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI In praise of prairie SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 331 EP 334 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00041 ER PT J AU LEWIS, L AF LEWIS, L BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI The Idaho Conservation Program: A Bureau of Land Management USDA Forest Service perspective SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FOREST SERV,BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,TWIN FALLS,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 486 EP 490 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00061 ER PT S AU KRUSAC, DL AF KRUSAC, DL BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Is triage necessary with ecosystem management: The longleaf pine example SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTIETH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE THEME: BALANCING SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Balancing Social, Professional and Conservation Responsibility CY MAR 24-29, 1995 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Wildlife Management Inst C1 US FOREST SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1995 BP 501 EP 505 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BE03W UT WOS:A1995BE03W00064 ER PT S AU Laudenslayer, WF Skinner, CN AF Laudenslayer, WF Skinner, CN BE Valentine, BE TI Past climates, forests, and disturbances of the Sierra Nevada, California: Understanding the past to manage for the future SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, 1995 VOL 31 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 01-04, 1995 CL ROHNERT PK, CA SP Wildlife Soc, W Sect DE climate change; disturbances; ecosystems; forests; Holocene; management; Pleistocene; Sierra Nevada C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1995 VL 31 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BE92N UT WOS:A1995BE92N00004 ER PT J AU Steger, GN AF Steger, GN BE Valentine, BE TI Sex ratios of fledgling and recaptured subadult spotted owls in the southern Sierra Nevada SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, 1995 VOL 31 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 01-04, 1995 CL ROHNERT PK, CA SP Wildlife Soc, W Sect DE California spotted owl; fecundity rate; fledgling; owl; sex ratio; spotted owl; Strix occidentalis occidentalis; subadult C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1995 VL 31 BP 36 EP 39 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BE92N UT WOS:A1995BE92N00008 ER PT S AU Fargo, RJ Laudenslayer, WF AF Fargo, RJ Laudenslayer, WF BE Valentine, BE TI Morphological differences between two white-footed mice, Peromyscus boylii and Peromyscus californicus, in oak woodlands of Fresno county, California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, 1995 VOL 31 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 01-04, 1995 CL ROHNERT PK, CA SP Wildlife Soc, W Sect DE brush mouse; California mouse; characteristics; identification; measurements; morphology; Peromyscus boylii; Peromyscus californicus; white-footed mice C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1995 VL 31 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BE92N UT WOS:A1995BE92N00012 ER PT J AU Laacke, RJ AF Laacke, RJ BE Valentine, BE TI Fuzzy sets and wildlife habitat models, bridge from concept to reality SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, 1995 VOL 31 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 01-04, 1995 CL ROHNERT PK, CA SP Wildlife Soc, W Sect DE fuzzy logic; wildlife habitat models C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW EXPT STN,REDDING,CA 96001. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1995 VL 31 BP 72 EP 80 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BE92N UT WOS:A1995BE92N00015 ER PT J AU MCKNIGHT, RA WALL, RJ HENNIGHAUSEN, L AF MCKNIGHT, RA WALL, RJ HENNIGHAUSEN, L TI EXPRESSION OF GENOMIC AND CDNA TRANSGENES AFTER COINTEGRATION IN TRANSGENIC MICE SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; EFFICIENCY; SEQUENCES; INTRONS; ENHANCE; RNA AB In general, genomic transgenes are expressed efficiently in mice, while their cDNA-based transgenes are frequently silent. Clark et al (1992) have shown that silent cDNA transgenes under the control of the sheep beta-lactoglobulin promoter can be activated after co-injecting them with a genomic sheep beta-lactoglobulin transgene. We have tested the general utility of this concept using mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) transgenes. Here we show that WAP cDNA transgenes are virtually silent in transgenic mice. In contrast, WAP transgenes containing all introns are expressed in approximately 50% of the lines at levels ranging from 1% to more than 100% of the endogenous RNA (McKnight et al., 1992). When a WAP-genomic transgene was co-injected with a WAP-cDNA, basal activation of the cDNA was possible. However, the activity of the WAP-cDNA transgene did not exceed 1% of the WAP-genomic transgene. This suggests that a permissive integration site capable of supporting basal level transcription can be established, but further events are required for full activation of the transgene. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20725. NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP MCKNIGHT, RA (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,CHILDRENS HOSP PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,RANGOS RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INNUNOGENET,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1007/BF01976500 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA QB428 UT WOS:A1995QB42800007 PM 7881461 ER PT J AU LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN 2-LAYER POROUS-MEDIA SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; COMPOSITE MEDIA; BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; DISPLACEMENT EXPERIMENTS; SOIL PROFILES; DISPERSION; FLOW AB Mathematical models for transport in layered media are important for investigating how restricting layers affect rates of solute migration in soil profiles; they may also improve the analysis of solute displacement experiments. This study reports an (approximate) analytical solution for solute transport during steady-state flow in a two-layer medium requiring continuity of solute fluxes and resident concentrations at the interface. The solutions were derived with Laplace transformations making use of the binomial theorem. Results based on this solution were found to be in relatively good agreement with those obtained using numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. An expression for the flux-averaged concentration in the second layer was also obtained. Zero- and first-order approximations for the solute distribution in the second layer were derived for a thin first layer representing a water film or crust on top of the medium. These thin-layer approximations did not perform as well as the 'binomial' solution, except for the first-order approximation when the Peclet number, P, of the first layer, was low (P < 5). Results of this study indicate that the ordering of two layers will affect the predicted breakthrough curves at the outlet of the medium. The two-layer solution was used to illustrate the effects of dispersion in the inlet or outlet reservoirs using previously published data on apparatus-induced dispersion. RP LEIJ, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD JAN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1 BP 65 EP 85 DI 10.1007/BF00620660 PG 21 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA QW875 UT WOS:A1995QW87500004 ER PT B AU SCATENA, FN AF SCATENA, FN BE Hamilton, LS Juvik, JO Scatena, FN TI THE MANAGEMENT OF LUQUILLO ELFIN CLOUD FOREST ECOSYSTEMS - IRREVERSIBLE DECISIONS IN A NONSUBSTITUTABLE ECOSYSTEM SO TROPICAL MONTANE CLOUD FORESTS SE ECOLOGICAL STUDIES : ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tropical Montane Cloud Forests CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 1993 CL SAN JUAN, PR C1 US FOREST SERV,INT INT TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94323-4 J9 ECOL STU AN PY 1995 VL 110 BP 296 EP 308 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BC16C UT WOS:A1995BC16C00021 ER PT J AU BENGSTON, DN XU, Z AF BENGSTON, DN XU, Z TI CHANGING NATIONAL FOREST VALUES - A CONTENT-ANALYSIS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB Empirically analyzes the evolution of national forest values in recent years, A computerized content analysis procedure was developed and used to analyze the forest value systems of forestry professionals, mainstream environmentalists, and the public. National forest values were found to have shifted significantly over the study period. RP BENGSTON, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1995 IS 323 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RY192 UT WOS:A1995RY19200001 ER PT J AU Buech, RR Rugg, DJ AF Buech, RR Rugg, DJ TI Biomass of food available to beavers on five Minnesota shrubs SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article RP Buech, RR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1995 IS 326 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TK475 UT WOS:A1995TK47500001 ER PT J AU BUECH, RR RUGG, DJ AF BUECH, RR RUGG, DJ TI BIOMASS RELATIONS FOR COMPONENTS OF 5 MINNESOTA SHRUBS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS ESTIMATION; TALL SHRUBS; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; BIOMASS EQUATIONS; ALLOMETRIC RELATIONS AB Presents equations for estimating biomass of six components on five species of shrubs common to northeastern Minnesota, Regression analysis is used to compare the performance of three estimators of biomass. RP BUECH, RR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1995 IS 325 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RY193 UT WOS:A1995RY19300001 ER PT J AU Perala, DA AF Perala, DA TI Quaking aspen productivity recovers after repeated prescribed fire SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE Populus tremuloides; stockability; self-thinning AB Res. Pap. NC-324. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 11 p. Describes how a quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stand recovered after logging, and logging and burning. Aspen suckering was profuse after each destructive episode but differences in stockability caused different yield trajectories. RP Perala, DA (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1995 IS 324 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TK473 UT WOS:A1995TK47300001 ER PT J AU PERALA, DA LEARY, RA CIESZEWSKI, CJ AF PERALA, DA LEARY, RA CIESZEWSKI, CJ TI STOCKABILITY, GROWTH, AND YIELD OF THE CIRCUMBOREAL ASPENS (POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX, P-TREMULA L) SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE SURVIVAL; SELF THINNING; SIZE DENSITY; LIMITING RELATIONSHIP AB We show elsewhere (Perala et al., in review) that quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and its Eurasian counterpart, P. tremula L., form a single circumpolar superspecies when viewed from the standpoint of self-thinning rates and stockability. Here we expand our examination to the d.b.h.-age relationships and to growth series measurements from permanent plots of aspen stands of varying densities reported in the literature. We also attempt to account for the curvilinear trend in the self-thinning relationship we detected in young stands that forced us in our first analysis to truncate our usable data set to older stands. The resulting equations satisfy the need for a framework to study variation in aspen stockability. The equations can give useful regional estimates as well, but will need refitting to local data to satisfy needs for finer resolution. C1 N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1995 IS 321 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QT063 UT WOS:A1995QT06300001 ER PT J AU STUROS, JA BRUMM, DB LEHTO, A AF STUROS, JA BRUMM, DB LEHTO, A TI PERFORMANCE OF A LOGGING TRUCK WITH A CENTRAL TIRE INFLATION SYSTEM SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE FOREST ENGINEERING; FOREST OPERATIONS; FOREST ROADS; LOGGING; ECONOMICS AB Describes the performance of an 11-axle logging truck with a central tire inflation system. Results included reduced damages to roads, improved ride of the truck, improved drawbar pull, and reduced rolling resistance. Road construction costs were reduced 62 percent, primarily due to using 33 percent less gravel. RP STUROS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,HOUGHTON,MI, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1995 IS 322 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QT065 UT WOS:A1995QT06500001 ER PT J AU MEAD, BR AF MEAD, BR TI PLANT BIOMASS IN THE TANANA RIVER BASIN, ALASKA SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; PHYTOMASS; TANANA RIVER BASIN; ALASKA; PLANT ECOLOGY AB Vegetation biomass tables are presented for the Tanana River basin. Average biomass for each species of tree, shrub, grass, forb, lichen, and moss in the 13 forest and 30 nonforest vegetation types is shown. These data combined with area estimates for each vegetation type provide a tool for estimating habitat carrying capacity for many wildlife species. Tree biomass is reported for the entire aboveground tree, thereby allowing estimates of total fiber content. RP MEAD, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE STREET PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 1995 IS 477 BP 1 EP 78 PG 78 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QL812 UT WOS:A1995QL81200001 ER PT S AU RINNE, JN JANISCH, J AF RINNE, JN JANISCH, J BE Schramm, HL Piper, RG TI Coldwater fish stocking and native fishes in Arizona: Past, present, and future SO USES AND EFFECTS OF CULTURED FISHES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium and Workshop on the Uses and Effects of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems CY MAR 12-17, 1994 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-91-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 15 BP 397 EP 406 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BD89Y UT WOS:A1995BD89Y00044 ER PT B AU Workman, SR Fausey, NR Brown, LC Bierman, P AF Workman, SR Fausey, NR Brown, LC Bierman, P BE Campbell, KL TI Coupled wetland-agricultural ecosystem for water quality remediation SO VERSATILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Versatility of Wetlands in the Agricultural Landscape CY SEP 17-20, 1995 CL TAMPA, FL SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Water Resources Assoc DE wetland hydrology; drainage; subirrigation; bromide; nitrate C1 USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-69-5 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 9 BP 159 EP 167 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BE55L UT WOS:A1995BE55L00017 ER PT B AU Talbot, WR AF Talbot, WR BE Campbell, KL TI Shallow-water terrace, construction requirements SO VERSATILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Versatility of Wetlands in the Agricultural Landscape CY SEP 17-20, 1995 CL TAMPA, FL SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Water Resources Assoc C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,BATON ROUGE,LA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-69-5 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 9 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BE55L UT WOS:A1995BE55L00044 ER PT B AU Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM Lowrance, RR AF Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM Lowrance, RR BE Campbell, KL TI Hydraulic gradients and flow rates in a shallow Coastal Plain aquifer SO VERSATILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Versatility of Wetlands in the Agricultural Landscape CY SEP 17-20, 1995 CL TAMPA, FL SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Water Resources Assoc DE wetlands; wetland buffers; water-table levels; hydraulic gradient; aquifer recharge C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-69-5 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 9 BP 441 EP 449 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BE55L UT WOS:A1995BE55L00045 ER PT B AU Szogi, AA Hunt, PG Humenik, FJ Stone, KC Rice, JM AF Szogi, AA Hunt, PG Humenik, FJ Stone, KC Rice, JM BE Campbell, KL TI Constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment in the Eastern Coastal Plain, USA SO VERSATILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Versatility of Wetlands in the Agricultural Landscape CY SEP 17-20, 1995 CL TAMPA, FL SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Water Resources Assoc DE nitrogen; phosporus; reduction; oxidation; nitrification C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-69-5 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 9 BP 675 EP 682 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BE55L UT WOS:A1995BE55L00066 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP METZGER, FL HATTEL, AL LINDSAY, DS FRITZ, DL AF DUBEY, JP METZGER, FL HATTEL, AL LINDSAY, DS FRITZ, DL TI CANINE CUTANEOUS NEOSPOROSIS - CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT WITH CLINDAMYCIN SO VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Note DE DOG; DERMATITIS; NEOSPOROSIS; NEOSPORA CANINUM; CLINDAMYCIN; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS; LYMPHOSARCOMA ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DOGS AB Progranulomatous dermatitis caused by the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum was diagnosed in a 12-year-old Golden Retriever dog. Multiple draining nodules were located in the skin of the head and thorax. Numerous tachyzoites of N. caninum were found in histologic sections of the biopsy tissue from the cutaneous nodules and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and by electron microscopic examination. The dog had a 1:3200 serum antibody titer to N. caninum in the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The cutaneous lesions resolved after a 45-day treatment with clindamycin hydrochloride. The dog eventually died because of lymphosarcoma and also had a latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Neospora caninum could not be demonstrated by bioassays in cell culture or mice inoculated with canine tissue obtained at necropsy. Only degenerating N. caninum tachyzoites were seen in skin tissue taken at necropsy. These observations indicate that neosporosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pyogranulomatous dermatitis in dogs and that clindamycin may be an effective drug for treating cutaneous neosporosis. C1 METZGER ANIM HOSP,STATE COLLEGE,PA 16801. PENN STATE UNIV,ANIM DIAGNOST LAB,UNIVERSITY PARK,PA 16802. AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV PATHOL,FT DETRICK,MD 21701. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BLDG 1040,RM 104,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-4493 J9 VET DERMATOL JI Vet. Dermatol. PY 1995 VL 6 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1995.tb00039.x PG 7 WC Dermatology; Veterinary Sciences SC Dermatology; Veterinary Sciences GA TF343 UT WOS:A1995TF34300006 ER PT J AU HARP, JA FRANKLIN, ST GOFF, JP NONNECKE, BJ AF HARP, JA FRANKLIN, ST GOFF, JP NONNECKE, BJ TI EFFECTS OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM INFECTION ON LYMPHOCYTE PHENOTYPE AND REACTIVITY IN CALVES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; RESISTANCE; GAMMA; CATTLE; SERUM AB Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite now recognized as a significant cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves, and infection is also widespread in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised humans. No effective treatment or preventive measures against C. parvum infection are available, owing largely to the lack of understanding of immuno-logic mechanisms of resistance to and recovery from this parasite. In the present study, we compared phenotypes of lymphocytes from peripheral blood, spleen, mesenteric, and prescapular lymph nodes of calves infected or not infected with C. parvum. We also compared reactivity of these lymphocytes to mitogens and C. parvum antigen in vitro. There were more non-T, non-B (null) lymphocytes in all tissues of infected compared with control calves. The percent of CD8(+) lymphocytes was significantly increased in spleens of infected compared with control calves, and there were markedly less CD4(+) than CD8(+) cells in spleens of both groups (i.e. low CD4/CD8 ratios). Splenic lymphocytes showed significantly decreased in vitro proliferation to pokeweed mitogen and C. parvum antigen stimulation compared with lymphocytes from other tissues. These findings suggest that null lymphocytes and CD8(+) lymphocytes may be important in the expression and regulation of bovine immune responses to C. parvum in vivo. RP HARP, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05295-4 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA QF508 UT WOS:A1995QF50800008 PM 7747401 ER PT J AU SEAL, BS NEILL, JD AF SEAL, BS NEILL, JD TI CAPSID PROTEIN GENE SEQUENCE OF FELINE CALICIVIRUS ISOLATES-255 AND LLK - FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR CAPSID PROTEIN CONFIGURATION AMONG FELINE CALICIVIRUSES SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE POSITIVE-STRAND RNA VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; CDNA CLONING; NUCLEOTIDE AND AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; COMPUTER PREDICTION ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; DNA-POLYMERASE; VIRUS; CDNA; NEUTRALIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; CLASSIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDES AB The capsid protein gene sequences are reported for two feline calicivirus (FCV) isolates, one a highly virulent isolate associated with respiratory disease, designated 255, and an isolate associated with neuromuscular disorders, designated LLK. Both capsid protein sequences conform to a previously described hypothesis wherein FCV capsid proteins may be divided into six regions based on sequence similarity among isolates. Region A corresponds to the amino-terminal area of the protein that is theoretically cleaved to produce the functional species. With a large area of sequence identity among isolates, region B contains a potential myristilated glycine and a putative ATP/GTP binding site. Region C is a short hypervariable sequence of unknown function followed by another conserved area designated region D. The E region is an area of extensive amino acid sequence hypervariability that presumably contains the antigenic determinants of the capsid protein. Region F contains the highly conserved carboxy-terminal portion of the protein. C1 USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP SEAL, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JAN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1007/BF01702662 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA QG624 UT WOS:A1995QG62400010 PM 7732664 ER PT J AU HSU, YH CHEN, W OWENS, RA AF HSU, YH CHEN, W OWENS, RA TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF A HOP STUNT VIROID VARIANT ISOLATED FROM CITRUS GROWING IN TAIWAN SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE SEQUENCE COMPARISON; CITRUS VIROIDS ID EXOCORTIS; GRAPEFRUIT; CACHEXIA; DISEASE; ISRAEL AB The 303 nucleotide sequence of HSVd-citrus(T), a hop stunt viroid (HSVd) variant present in Etrog citron growing in Taiwan, was determined from cDNAs amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, HSVd-citrus(T) is very similar to several HSVd isolates previously recovered from citrus or cucumber, and exhibits microsequence heterogeneity at positions 154 and 181. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony grouped HSVd-citrus(T) with seven other isolates from citrus and cucumber in a large cluster of ''citrus-type'' isolates. A similar analysis revealed marked differences in both the extent and distribution of sequence variation among naturally occurring isolates of potato spindle tuber viroid. C1 USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP HSU, YH (reprint author), NATL CHUNGHSING UNIV,AGR BIOTECHNOL LAB,TAICHUNG 402,TAIWAN. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JAN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1007/BF01702664 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA QG624 UT WOS:A1995QG62400012 PM 7732666 ER PT J AU KREUTZ, LC SEAL, BS AF KREUTZ, LC SEAL, BS TI THE PATHWAY OF FELINE CALICIVIRUS ENTRY SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FELINE CALICIVIRUS; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; INFECTIOUS PATHWAY ID WEAK BASES; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS; POLIOVIRUS TYPE-1; LOW PH; CELLS; REPLICATION AB The requirement for a low pH-dependent step during feline calicivirus (FCV) entry into Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells was investigated. Chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent that prevents acidification of intracellular vesicles, inhibited the production of infectious virus when present during adsorption and the initial stages of FCV replication, but had little effect when added after 2 h post infection. The effect of chloroquine was reversible, allowing the virus growth curve to proceed when removed from the culture. In the presence of chloroquine small amounts of viral RNA were detected at 4, 6, and 8 h post infection, compared to untreated infected cells. These results suggest that entry of feline calicivirus into cells requires a low pH-dependent step. RP KREUTZ, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Kreutz, Luiz Carlos/A-3729-2015 OI Kreutz, Luiz Carlos/0000-0002-7685-7401 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)00077-P PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA QF404 UT WOS:A1995QF40400005 PM 7754675 ER PT J AU URBAN, NR VERRY, ES EISENREICH, SJ AF URBAN, NR VERRY, ES EISENREICH, SJ TI RETENTION AND MOBILITY OF CATIONS IN A SMALL PEATLAND - TRENDS AND MECHANISMS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BIOGEOMON, International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior and the Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring of Small Catchments CY SEP 18-20, 1993 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC ID NORTHERN MINNESOTA; FORESTED BOGS; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; ACIDIFICATION; DEPOSITION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; WETLAND; LAKE; MASSACHUSETTS; ACCUMULATION AB Inputs and net storage or release of cations can have a large impact on the acid-base balance of any ecosystem. Because of the absence of mineral soils, ion exchange and accretion in biomass are the major internal processes governing cation accumulation in peatlands. It is widely believed that peatlands have a large capacity to store cations, and thus to affect the acidity of surface waters. A long-term record of hydrologic and chemical inputs and outputs to the S-2 peatland in the Marcell Experimental Forest was used to construct annual and monthly mass balances for the four major cations. Bulk deposition and throughfall measurements suggest that deposition of Na, Ca and Mg has increased over the period 1971-1984; wet-only and dry bucket measurements do not show such a change. Seasonal and annual variations in cation inputs are not visible in the cation export from the peatland because the large cation reservoir on exchange sites in peat buffers the surface waters and prevents them from responding rapidly to changing inputs. Nevertheless, ion exchange represents a relatively minor source of acidity to this peatland, and accumulation of cations in woody biomass accounts for the majority of the cation retention. The major mechanism of retention in the peatland is different for each cation; accumulation in woody biomass is most important for Ca, storage on ion exchange sites in peat is most important for Mg, green plant tissues are the dominant site of K storage, and Na is bound by unknown mechanisms in the peat. Retention efficiencies show large annual variations but average 50% for Ca, 22% for Mg, 29-44% for Na, and 21% for K. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. UNIV MINNESOTA,GRAY FRESHWATER BIOL INST,NAVARRE,MN 55392. RP URBAN, NR (reprint author), EAWAG,LAKE RES LAB,CH-6047 KASTANIENBAUM,SWITZERLAND. NR 86 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 201 EP 224 DI 10.1007/BF01100438 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA QU753 UT WOS:A1995QU75300013 ER PT B AU SIMUNEK, J VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF SIMUNEK, J VANGENUCHTEN, MT BE Wrobel, LC Latinopoulos, P TI NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATING MULTIPLE SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN VARIABLY-SATURATED SOILS SO WATER POLLUTION III: MODELLING, MEASURING AND PREDICTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Water Pollution - Modelling, Measuring and Prediction CY APR, 1995 CL PORTO CARRAS, GREECE SP Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Fac Engn, Greece C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA BN 1-85312-310-2 PY 1995 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD13Q UT WOS:A1995BD13Q00003 ER PT B AU Farahani, HJ Ahuja, LR Peterson, GA Sherrod, LA Mrabet, R AF Farahani, HJ Ahuja, LR Peterson, GA Sherrod, LA Mrabet, R BE Heatwole, C TI Root zone water quality model evaluation of dryland/no-till crop production in eastern Colorado SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE modeling; evapotranspiration; evaporation; residue; dryland; corn C1 ARS,USDA,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00002 ER PT B AU Buchleiter, GW Farahani, HJ Ahuja, LR AF Buchleiter, GW Farahani, HJ Ahuja, LR BE Heatwole, C TI Model evaluation of groundwater contamination upper center pivot irrigated corn in eastern Colorado SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE modeling; evapotranspiration; nitrate leaching C1 ARS,USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00005 ER PT B AU Bosch, DD Truman, CC AF Bosch, DD Truman, CC BE Heatwole, C TI Agrichemical transport along landscapes with restrictive soil horizons SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE nonpoint source; agriculture; groundwater pollution; pesticide transport C1 ARS,USDA,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00007 ER PT B AU Truman, CC Leonard, RA Johnson, AW AF Truman, CC Leonard, RA Johnson, AW BE Heatwole, C TI Fenamiphos transport in a coastal plain soil SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE percolation; GLEAMS; soil and water quality C1 ARS,USDA,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 69 EP 77 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00008 ER PT B AU Shepherd, RG Geter, WF AF Shepherd, RG Geter, WF BE Heatwole, C TI Verification, calibration, validation, simulation: Protocols in ground-water and AG/NPS modeling SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE models; water quality; evaluation; comparison C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DIV,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00010 ER PT B AU Miller, JG Jaynes, DB Moorman, TB AF Miller, JG Jaynes, DB Moorman, TB BE Heatwole, C TI Prediction of atrazine persistence in a central Iowa field SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE atrazine; groundwater quality; stochastic modeling; herbicide residues C1 ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00013 ER PT B AU Zollweg, JA Gburek, WJ Pionke, HB Sharpley, AN AF Zollweg, JA Gburek, WJ Pionke, HB Sharpley, AN BE Heatwole, C TI GIS-based modeling of phosphorus output from a northeastern upland agricultural watershed SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE GIS geographic info systems; hydrologic modeling; phosphorus; spatial variability; water quality C1 USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES,UNIVERSITY PK,PA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 251 EP 258 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00028 ER PT B AU Savabi, MR Flanagan, DC Engel, BA Nearing, MA Hebel, B AF Savabi, MR Flanagan, DC Engel, BA Nearing, MA Hebel, B BE Heatwole, C TI Application of WEPP and GIS to predict storm runoff SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE hydrologic model; GRASS; GIS; database; storm runoff C1 USDA ARS,NSERL,W LAFAYETTE,IN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 348 EP 357 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00038 ER PT B AU Sharpley, A Robinson, JS Smith, SJ AF Sharpley, A Robinson, JS Smith, SJ BE Heatwole, C TI An indexing approach to target soils vulnerable to phosphorus loss in runoff SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE agricultural runoff; critical source areas; eutrophication; water quality C1 ARS,USDA,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 426 EP 434 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00045 ER PT B AU Kottwitz, ER Gilley, JE AF Kottwitz, ER Gilley, JE BE Heatwole, C TI Estimating irrigation induced erosion using the WEPP model SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE erosion models; erosion control; sediment transport; sediment discharge; furrows; irrigation; irrigation management C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,ARS,USDA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 449 EP 458 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00047 ER PT B AU Kuenstler, WF Ernstrom, D Seely, E AF Kuenstler, WF Ernstrom, D Seely, E BE Heatwole, C TI Nutrient management - Building tools to predict potential nutrient losses SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE nitrogen; phosphorus; nutrient management; natural resource management; nitrogen losses; phosphorus losses C1 USDA,RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DIV,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 459 EP 467 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00048 ER PT B AU Adler, PR AF Adler, PR BE Heatwole, C TI Modeling the effect of water flow pattern on phosphorus removal and constructed wetland productivity SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS DE constructed wetland productivity; effluent; flow pattern; phosphorus removal; wastewater treatment C1 ARS,USDA,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-64-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 468 EP 474 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF39P UT WOS:A1995BF39P00049 ER PT B AU Rango, A Martinec, J Roberts, R AF Rango, A Martinec, J Roberts, R BE Herrmann, W Back, W Sidle, RC Johnson, AI TI Climate effects on future runoff regimes of Pacific mountain tributaries SO WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS: EMPHASIS ON HYDROLOGIC AND CULTURAL INSIGHT IN THE PACIFIC RIM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Water-Resources-Association Annual Summer Symposium on Water Resources and Environmental Hazards - Emphasis on Hydrologic and Cultural Insight in the Pacific Rim CY JUN 25-28, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, East West Ctr, Hawaii State Commiss Water Resource Management, Honolulu Board Water Supply, Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Int Water Resources Assoc, Natl Biol Serv, Natl Sci Fdn, Org Amer States, UNESCO, UN Environm Program, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geol Survey, US Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Univ Council Water Resources, Univ Hawaii Water Resources Res Ctr, World Bank DE global warming; snowmelt runoff; models; runoff redistribution; snow accumulation; glaciers C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 BN 1-882132-33-5 PY 1995 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BE81C UT WOS:A1995BE81C00018 ER PT B AU DelVecchio, JR AF DelVecchio, JR BE Herrmann, W Back, W Sidle, RC Johnson, AI TI The agricultural program to protect the drinking water of New York City SO WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS: EMPHASIS ON HYDROLOGIC AND CULTURAL INSIGHT IN THE PACIFIC RIM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Water-Resources-Association Annual Summer Symposium on Water Resources and Environmental Hazards - Emphasis on Hydrologic and Cultural Insight in the Pacific Rim CY JUN 25-28, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, East West Ctr, Hawaii State Commiss Water Resource Management, Honolulu Board Water Supply, Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Int Water Resources Assoc, Natl Biol Serv, Natl Sci Fdn, Org Amer States, UNESCO, UN Environm Program, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geol Survey, US Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Univ Council Water Resources, Univ Hawaii Water Resources Res Ctr, World Bank DE watershed protection; drinking water; whole farm plans C1 NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,SYRACUSE,NY 13202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 BN 1-882132-33-5 PY 1995 BP 385 EP 391 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BE81C UT WOS:A1995BE81C00040 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ Burt, CM Rogers, DC AF Clemmens, AJ Burt, CM Rogers, DC BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Introduction to canal control algorithm needs SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00001 ER PT B AU Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ Gooch, RS AF Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ Gooch, RS BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Dimensionless characterization of canal pools SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00005 ER PT B AU Strelkoff, TS Deltour, JL Baume, JP AF Strelkoff, TS Deltour, JL Baume, JP BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Propagation of upstream control measures along a canal pool SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00036 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ Schuurmans, J Strand, RJ AF Clemmens, AJ Schuurmans, J Strand, RJ BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Application of automatic control on MSIDD WM lateral canal SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 491 EP 495 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00099 ER PT B AU Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS AF Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Inverse computational methods for open-channel flow control SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 593 EP 597 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00118 ER PT B AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM AF Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Streambank protection and habitat restoration SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 721 EP 725 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00144 ER PT B AU Garbrecht, J Martz, LW AF Garbrecht, J Martz, LW BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Advances in automated landscape analysis SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA,AGR RES SERV,DURANT,OK 74702. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 844 EP 848 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00169 ER PT B AU Ayars, JE Grismer, ME Guitjens, JC AF Ayars, JE Grismer, ME Guitjens, JC BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Water quality as a design criteria in irrigation and drainage water management systems SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 932 EP 936 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00187 ER PT B AU Alonso, CV Bingner, RL Kuhnle, RA AF Alonso, CV Bingner, RL Kuhnle, RA BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Sediment yield from watersheds with eroding channels SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1183 EP 1187 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00237 ER PT B AU Hatfield, JL Jaynes, DB AF Hatfield, JL Jaynes, DB BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Watershed management to achieve environmental quality goals: A case study in Walnut Creek Watershed, Iowa SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1370 EP 1374 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00273 ER PT B AU Robinson, KM Rice, CE Kadavy, KC AF Robinson, KM Rice, CE Kadavy, KC BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Stability of rock chutes SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA,ARS,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1476 EP 1480 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00294 ER PT B AU Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM AF Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Comparison of the stochastic nature of stress at a pipe and an impinging jet boundary SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA,ARS,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1481 EP 1485 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00295 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS Burt, CM AF Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS Burt, CM BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Defining efficiency and uniformity: Problems and perspectives SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1521 EP 1525 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00303 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ Solomon, KH AF Clemmens, AJ Solomon, KH BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Procedures for combining distribution uniformity components SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1531 EP 1535 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00305 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ AF Clemmens, AJ BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Determining accuracy of estimates for irrigation efficiency and uniformity SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1536 EP 1540 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00306 ER PT B AU Evett, SR Howell, TA Schneider, AD Tolk, JA AF Evett, SR Howell, TA Schneider, AD Tolk, JA BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Crop coefficient based evapotranspiration estimates compared with mechanistic model results SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1585 EP 1589 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00316 ER PT B AU Hjelmfelt, AT AF Hjelmfelt, AT BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Unifying unit hydrograph methods SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1678 EP 1682 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00334 ER PT B AU Schneider, AD Howell, TA AF Schneider, AD Howell, TA BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI LEPA and spray irrigation in the southern high plains SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1718 EP 1722 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00342 ER PT J AU SEYFRIED, MS WILCOX, BP AF SEYFRIED, MS WILCOX, BP TI SCALE AND THE NATURE OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY - FIELD EXAMPLES HAVING IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELING SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SAGEBRUSH RANGELAND; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; SOLUTE FLUX; SOIL; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; WATER; CONSEQUENCES; VEGETATION; TRANSPORT AB In this paper we examine how the nature of spatial variability affects hydrologic response over a range of scales using five field studies as examples. The nature of variability was characterized as either stochastic, when random, or deterministic, when due to known, nonrandom sources. We have emphasized how that characterization may change with the scale of hydrologic model. The five field examples, along with corresponding sources of variability, were (1) infiltration and surface runoff affected by shrub canopy, (2) groundwater recharge affected by soil depth, (3) groundwater recharge and streamflow affected by small-scale topography, (4) frozen soil runoff affected by elevation, and (5) snowfall distribution affected by large-scale topography. In each example there was a scale, the deterministic length scale, over which the hydrologic response was strongly dependent upon the specific, location-dependent ecosystem properties. Smaller-scale variability may be represented as either stochastic or homogeneous with nonspatial data. In addition, changes in scale or location sometimes resulted in the introduction of larger-scale sources of variability that subsume smaller-scale sources. Thus recognition of the nature and sources of variability can reduce data requirements by focusing on important sources of variability and using nonspatial data to characterize variability at scales smaller than the deterministic length scale. All the sources of variability described are present in the same watershed and affect hydrologic response simultaneously. Physically based models should therefore utilize both spatial and stochastic data where scale appropriate. Other implications for physically based modeling are that modeling algorithms should reflect larger-scale variability which generally has greater impact and that model and measurement grids should be consistent with the nature of variability. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ENVIRONM SCI GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP SEYFRIED, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA 4,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 72 TC 171 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1029/94WR02025 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QF693 UT WOS:A1995QF69300017 ER PT J AU SMITH, RE AF SMITH, RE TI EFFECT OF RAINFALL-INDUCED SOIL SEALS ON SOIL-WATER REGIME - WETTING PROCESSES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP SMITH, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.1029/94WR01672 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QF693 UT WOS:A1995QF69300023 ER PT J AU DIONIGI, CP AF DIONIGI, CP TI THE EFFECTS OF COPPER-SULFATE ON GEOSMIN BIOSYNTHESIS BY STREPTOMYCES-TENDAE, STREPTOMYCES-ALBIDOFLAVUS, AND PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Off-Flavours in the Aquatic Environment CY OCT 02-07, 1994 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Water Qual, Austr Water & Wastewater Assoc, S Austr Branch, Austr Ctr Water Qual Res DE ALGICIDE; HEAVY METAL; HERBICIDE; OFF-FLAVORS; WATER QUALITY; ZINC SULFATE AB Geosmin is produced by several phototrophic and heterotrophic taxa. This secondary metabolite can impart an earthy taste and odor to water resources. To reduce algal populations and associated biosynthesis of geosmin, copper sulfate and other copper-containing algicides are often applied to aquatic systems. Cultures of the bacterium Streptomyces tendae and the fungus Penicillium expansum grown on increasing concentrations of copper sulfate accumulated more biomass than untreated controls, indicating that these heterotrophic cultures were not markedly susceptible to this algicide. Cultures of Streptomyces albidoflavus treated with increasing concentrations of copper sulfate accumulated less biomass than untreated controls. However, copper-treated mycelium of each taxa investigated contained greater concentrations of geosmin than untreated controls. In addition, there was not a significant interaction between in the amount of biomass or geosmin accumulated by cells exposed to 0 and 0.5 mg l(-1) copper sulfate over increasing dosages of zinc sulfate. If field populations exhibit similar responses, application of copper sulfate to aquatic systems may contribute to geosmin biosynthesis by certain taxa. RP DIONIGI, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,FOOD FLAVOR QUAL RES,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1995 VL 31 IS 11 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(95)00467-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA RW014 UT WOS:A1995RW01400021 ER PT B AU Kuhnle, RA Bingner, RL Alonso, CV AF Kuhnle, RA Bingner, RL Alonso, CV BE Ward, TJ TI Changes in land use and sediment yield of fines SO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Watershed Management - Planning For the 21st-Century CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Watershed Management Co, mm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, USDI Bur Reclamat, Soc Range Management, Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Natl Council Paper Ind Air & Stream Improvement Inc, US EPA C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0102-0 PY 1995 BP 54 EP 63 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BF52R UT WOS:A1995BF52R00007 ER PT B AU Elliot, WJ Robichaud, PR Luce, CH AF Elliot, WJ Robichaud, PR Luce, CH BE Ward, TJ TI Applying the WEPP erosion model to timber harvest areas SO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Watershed Management - Planning For the 21st-Century CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Watershed Management Co, mm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, USDI Bur Reclamat, Soc Range Management, Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Natl Council Paper Ind Air & Stream Improvement Inc, US EPA C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0102-0 PY 1995 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BF52R UT WOS:A1995BF52R00010 ER PT B AU Renard, KG Hawkins, RH AF Renard, KG Hawkins, RH BE Ward, TJ TI A historical perspective of ASCE's approach to watershed management SO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Watershed Management - Planning For the 21st-Century CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Watershed Management Co, mm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, USDI Bur Reclamat, Soc Range Management, Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Natl Council Paper Ind Air & Stream Improvement Inc, US EPA C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0102-0 PY 1995 BP 195 EP 207 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BF52R UT WOS:A1995BF52R00021 ER PT B AU Gburek, WJ Zollweg, JA Pionke, HB Folmar, GJ AF Gburek, WJ Zollweg, JA Pionke, HB Folmar, GJ BE Ward, TJ TI GIS-based delineation of nutrient source-areas within upland agricultural watersheds SO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Watershed Management - Planning For the 21st-Century CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Watershed Management Co, mm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, USDI Bur Reclamat, Soc Range Management, Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Natl Council Paper Ind Air & Stream Improvement Inc, US EPA C1 USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0102-0 PY 1995 BP 367 EP 377 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BF52R UT WOS:A1995BF52R00038 ER PT B AU Foltz, RB Luce, CH Stockton, P AF Foltz, RB Luce, CH Stockton, P BE Ward, TJ TI The kinetic energy field under a rainfall simulator SO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Watershed Management - Planning For the 21st-Century CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Watershed Management Co, mm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, USDI Bur Reclamat, Soc Range Management, Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Natl Council Paper Ind Air & Stream Improvement Inc, US EPA C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0102-0 PY 1995 BP 388 EP 397 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BF52R UT WOS:A1995BF52R00040 ER PT B AU Pierson, FB Hawkins, RH Cooley, KR VanVactor, SS AF Pierson, FB Hawkins, RH Cooley, KR VanVactor, SS BE Ward, TJ TI Experiences in estimating curve numbers from rainfall simulation data SO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Watershed Management - Planning For the 21st-Century CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Watershed Management Co, mm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, USDI Bur Reclamat, Soc Range Management, Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Natl Council Paper Ind Air & Stream Improvement Inc, US EPA C1 USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0102-0 PY 1995 BP 398 EP 407 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BF52R UT WOS:A1995BF52R00041 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, TR FUERST, EP OGG, AG NANDIHALLI, UB LEE, HJ AF WRIGHT, TR FUERST, EP OGG, AG NANDIHALLI, UB LEE, HJ TI HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF UCC-C4243 AND ACIFLUORFEN IS DUE TO INHIBITION OF PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHOTODYNAMIC HERBICIDES; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS PATHWAY; CUCUMIS SATIVUS; HORDEUM VULGARE; LENS ESCULENTA; PISUM SATIVUM; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; AMARE; THLAR ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; PHOTOBLEACHING HERBICIDES; LEMNA-PAUSICOSTATA; METHYL; ACCUMULATION; OXIDATION; MODEL AB Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the mode of action of soil- and foliar-applied UCC-C4243. Experiments demonstrated that UCC-C4243 required light for phytotoxicity, phytotoxic symptoms were similar to inhibitors of porphyrin synthesis such as acifluorfen, and UCC-C4243 potently inhibited protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Germination and emergence of field pennycress and lentil in the dark were not affected by soil-incorporated UCC-C4243 at rates more than 10 times greater than like treatments that killed ah plants in the light. Soil-incorporated UCC-C4243 required light for activity and killed seedlings within 1 d after emergence; sublethal doses caused desiccation, veinal necrosis, and leaf deformation. Field pennycress and lentil were susceptible to soil-incorporated UCC-C4243 and acifluorfen in the light, but were 5 to 93 times less sensitive to the herbicides in the dark. Wheat was not affected by either herbicide in the light or dark. Injury symptoms from UCC-C4243 applied POST to redroot pigweed were similar to symptoms from diphenyl ether and bipyridinium herbicides: rapid, light-dependent chlorophyll bleaching, desiccation, and necrosis. UCC-C4243, acifluorfen-methyl, and acifluorfen acid caused light- and concentration-dependent chlorophyll bleaching and electrolyte leakage from cucumber leaf disks (I-50 = 1.0, 1.8, and 4.3 mu M, respectively). An inhibitor of the porphyrin synthesis pathway, 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid, almost completely inhibited herbicide-induced electrolyte leakage. delta-Aminolevulinic acid, a tetrapyrrole precursor and stimulator of the porphyrin synthesis pathway, caused synergistic effects with each herbicide. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase from barley etioplast preparations was inhibited 50% by 40 nM UCC-C4243. Barley leaf sections treated with 100 mu M UCC-C4243 accumulated protoporphyrin IX in vivo to levels > 75 times nontreated controls. These data indicate the light-requiring herbicide activity of UCC-C4243, like acifluorfen, is due to inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP WRIGHT, TR (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QK710 UT WOS:A1995QK71000009 ER PT J AU SIGUA, GC ISENSEE, AR SADEGHI, AM AF SIGUA, GC ISENSEE, AR SADEGHI, AM TI INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE, ANTECEDENT MOISTURE, AND RAINFALL TIMING ON ATRAZINE TRANSPORT SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PREFERENTIAL TRANSPORT; PORE VOLUME; MACROPORE; LEACHING ID COTTON PLANTS; NO-TILLAGE; SOIL CORES; WATER; WASHOFF; MACROPORES; INTENSITY; CHEMICALS; PICLORAM; TIME AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of rainfall timing and antecedent moisture on atrazine leaching through intact soil cores taken from no-till and conventional-till corn fields. Simulated rainfall was applied to no-till and conventional-till cores 1 to 14 d after atrazine application and, in a second study, one d after atrazine was applied to no-till and conventional-till cores at 1 to 800 kPa soil moisture. Increasing the lag time between atrazine application and rainfall from one to 14 d reduced the amount of atrazine leached by about 50% for both no-till and conventional-till soil cores. During the same time period, the amount of atrazine adsorbed to soil increased by about 30% for both tillages. Soil dryness (antecedent moisture) at the time of atrazine application had no effect on the amount of atrazine leached through conventional-till cores. However, leaching decreased in no-till cores as antecedent moisture decreased from 1 to 33 kPa; drying to 800 kPa had no further effect. The leaching rate of atrazine was much higher for the initial 0.5 pore volume than for the next 1.5 pore volume at all rainfall timing and antecedent moisture levels. This behavior is indicative of preferential transport. RP SIGUA, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 050,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QK710 UT WOS:A1995QK71000022 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, TR OGG, AG FUERST, EP AF WRIGHT, TR OGG, AG FUERST, EP TI DISSIPATION AND WATER ACTIVATION OF UCC-C4243 SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHOTODEGRADATION; VOLATILITY; BROTE; CHEAL; THLAR ID PERSISTENCE; SIMULATION; SOIL AB Field experiments were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine the timing and amount of rainfall required to activate UCC-C4243 applied preemergence. UCC-C4243 at 0, 70, and 140 g ai ha(-1) was applied 1, 7, 14, and 21 d before 0.5 or 2 cm of simulated rainfall. Temporary rainshelters protected field plots from natural rainfall during the 21 d dry period. Herbicide activity was determined in the field by seeding lentil, wheat, common lambsquarters, and field pennycress and in the greenhouse by a sugarbeet bioassay of soil samples (0 to 3 cm depth) taken from all plots immediately before irrigation, UCC-C4243 did not injure wheat; however, lentil population was reduced when simulated rainfall occurred within 7 d after application. Lentil injury was greater with higher herbicide rate and higher water level, UCC-C4243 at 70 and 140 g ha(-1) reduced populations of both weed species by 75 and 90%, respectively, when either 0.5 or 2 cm simulated rainfall was received within 1 d after herbicide application. Weed control was reduced with a 21 d delay between herbicide application and water activation. The sugarbeet bioassay showed a linear decrease of herbicide activity over time and also with accumulated photosynthetically active radiation. After 17.9 d, herbicide activity on a dry soil surface decreased 50%. Laboratory investigations show that [C-14]-UCC-C4243 on glass slides was photodegraded by near ultraviolet light (290 to 400 nm). Volatilization of C-14-labeled herbicide from glass slides was less than 5% after exposure to turbulent air for 48 h. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP WRIGHT, TR (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QK710 UT WOS:A1995QK71000024 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, DM STOLLER, EW WAX, LM AF SIMPSON, DM STOLLER, EW WAX, LM TI AN IN-VIVO ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE ASSAY SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE KETOL-ACID REDUCTOISOMERASE; ACETOLACTATE REDUCTIOSOMERASE; EC4.1.3.18, EC1.1.186 AB A method was developed and tested for in vivo assay of acetolactate synthase (ALS). The method used foliar application of 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid (CPCA) to inhibit ketol-acid reductoisomerase, the enzyme immediately following ALS in biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids, thereby causing accumulation of acetolactate. Since the amount of acetolactate accumulation is a function of carbon flux through ALS, quantification of acetolactate accumulation determined ALS activity. Accumulation of acetolactate in soybean leaves resulted from CPCA rates as low as 15 g/ha and occurred within 1.5 h. Accumulation rates in soybean leaflets declined with leaf age from 84 mug/h/g tissue at 3 d to 17 mug/h/g tissue at 7 d. Foliar application of CPCA also caused acetolactate accumulation in corn, grain sorghum, velvetleaf, common cocklebur, and smooth pigweed. The ability of the in vivo assay to quantify the reduction in ALS activity following applications of ALS-inhibiting herbicides was validated by comparing ALS activity following thifensulfuron application to 'Williams 82' soybean, which has a sulfonylurea-sensitive ALS, and 'Asgrow 3200' soybean, which has a sulfonylurea-insensitive ALS. Thifensulfuron reduced ALS activity in Williams 82 soybean to 0, 0.8, 3.3, and 15.6% of the CPCA control at 6, 12, 24, and 48 HAT, but ALS activity in Asgrow 3200 soybean was reduced only to 34, 40, 57, and 88% of the CPCA control. RP SIMPSON, DM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 0 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QQ426 UT WOS:A1995QQ42600002 ER PT J AU BOERBOOM, CM YOUNG, FL AF BOERBOOM, CM YOUNG, FL TI EFFECT OF POSTPLANT TILLAGE AND CROP DENSITY ON BROADLEAF WEED-CONTROL IN DRY PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM) AND LENTIL (LENS-CULINARIS) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CROP DENSITY; CROP POPULATION; HARROW; ROTARY HOE; CHEAL AB Increased crop densities and postplant tillage were evaluated as nonchemical methods to supplement metribuzin for improved broadleaf weed control in dry pea and lentil. The effects of 50, 100, and 150% of recommended 220 kg/ha pea and 67 kg/ha lentil seeding rates and two dates of rotary hoeing and harrowing on pea, lentil, and broadleaf weeds were studied with and without metribuzin for two years. Under favorable growing conditions, crop competition gave 72 and 99% weed control in pea and 33 and 70% weed control in lentil with the 50 and 150% seeding rates. Under less favorable conditions, control was 21 to 39% with the low and high pea and lentil seeding rates. At recommended seeding rates, metribuzin gave greater than 90% control in either crop or year. Postplant tillage 12 to 27 d after planting slightly reduced crop densities in three tillage treatments in one year, but not the second. Postplant tillage did not affect crop yield or improve weed control. In all studies, pea was similar to or more competitive than lentil in suppressing broadleaf weeds. Because neither non-chemical practice significantly improves weed control, changes are not recommended for weed management in pea and lentil. RP BOERBOOM, CM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,AGR RES SERV,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QQ426 UT WOS:A1995QQ42600017 ER PT J AU TEASDALE, JR AF TEASDALE, JR TI INFLUENCE OF NARROW ROW HIGH POPULATION CORN (ZEA-MAYS) ON WEED-CONTROL AND LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE; REDUCED-INPUT; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR AB Field experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to determine whether no-tillage corn grown in 38-cm rows and a 2x population could improve weed control relative to 76-cm rows and 1 x population under reduced-herbicide options. A standard treatment including 1.12 kg ai/ha of atrazine plus 2.24 kg ai/ha of metolachlor was compared with a treatment including the same herbicides applied at 25% of the standard rates. Both treatments included 0.56 kg ai/ha of paraquat which controlled annual weeds established at the time of application. Weed control was less in the 25%-herbicide treatment than in the standard treatment in two of four years when corn was grown in 76-cm rows with a 1x population. The 25%-herbicide treatment provided weed control and grain yields similar to the standard treatment in each year when corn was grown in 38-cm rows with a 2x population. Weed control was poor and yield was reduced when no herbicides were applied regardless of row spacing or population. The leaf canopy of corn in the 38-cm row/2x-population treatment reduced light transmittance 1 wk earlier than corn in the 76-cm row/1x-population treatment. RP TEASDALE, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 6 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QQ426 UT WOS:A1995QQ42600019 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK TANAKA, T DUKE, SO BOYETTE, CD AF ABBAS, HK TANAKA, T DUKE, SO BOYETTE, CD TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS CROP AND WEED SPECIES TO AAL-TOXIN, A NATURAL HERBICIDE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; FUNGAL PRODUCT; HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; HOST SELECTIVITY; NATURAL PRODUCT AB AAL-toxin, produced by Alternaria alternata, was investigated for its phytotoxic effects on 86 crop and weed species. On susceptible tomato leaf discs, AAL-toxin caused electrolyte leakage and chlorosis at 0.01 muM in 24 h. Plants tested exhibited a range of response. AAL-toxin damaged sensitive plants at 5 muM while other plants showed minimal damage at > 1000 muM. Cotton and the important weeds, Canada thistle, field bindweed, and velvetleaf were largely unaffected. Monocots tested were largely immune. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QQ426 UT WOS:A1995QQ42600021 ER PT J AU PICK, DH ARNADE, C VASAVADA, U AF PICK, DH ARNADE, C VASAVADA, U TI TECHNOLOGY GAPS AND TRADE IN AGRICULTURE SO WELTWIRTSCHAFTLICHES ARCHIV-REVIEW OF WORLD ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; RATIONAL-EXPECTATIONS; ADJUSTMENT COSTS; IMPORT DEMAND; UNITED-STATES; STATIONARITY; INTEGRATION; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; ROOT AB Technology Gaps and Trade in Agriculture. - Linkages between technology, trade, and growth have recently been scrutinized by international trade theorists. By relaxing conventional assumptions such as constant returns to scale and perfect competition, the ''new trade theory'' literature explains how technology affects trade flows. Using dynamic modeling, technological gaps are found to affect trade shares in a significant way. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV NAT RESOURCE & ENVIRONM,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP PICK, DH (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMERCIAL AGR,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU J C B MOHR PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2040, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0043-2636 J9 WELTWIRTSCH ARCH JI Weltwirtsch. Arch.-Rev. World Econ. PY 1995 VL 131 IS 3 BP 509 EP 525 DI 10.1007/BF02707915 PG 17 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA TA958 UT WOS:A1995TA95800005 ER PT J AU Clark, RN AF Clark, RN GP AMER WIND ENERGY ASSOC TI Comparison of two mechanical windmills for pumping water SO WINDPOWER '95 - ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION OF THE AMERICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference of the American-Wind-Energy-Association (WINDPOWER 95) CY MAR 26-30, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Wind Energy Assoc, US DOE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Edison Elect Inst C1 USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 122 C STREET NW 4TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-2109 PY 1995 BP 457 EP 463 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BF92C UT WOS:A1995BF92C00055 ER PT J AU Vick, BD Clark, RN AF Vick, BD Clark, RN GP AMER WIND ENERGY ASSOC TI Pump controller testing on wind turbines used in water pumping SO WINDPOWER '95 - ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION OF THE AMERICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference of the American-Wind-Energy-Association (WINDPOWER 95) CY MAR 26-30, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Wind Energy Assoc, US DOE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Edison Elect Inst C1 USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 122 C STREET NW 4TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-2109 PY 1995 BP 465 EP 474 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BF92C UT WOS:A1995BF92C00056 ER PT J AU VICK, CB RICHTER, K RIVER, BH FRIED, AR AF VICK, CB RICHTER, K RIVER, BH FRIED, AR TI HYDROXYMETHYLATED RESORCINOL COUPLING AGENT FOR ENHANCED DURABILITY OF BISPHENOL-A EPOXY BONDS TO SITKA SPRUCE SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HYDROXYMETHYLATED RESORCINOL; COUPLING AGENT; BISPHENOL-A EPOXY; POLYETHYLENIMINE; PRIMER; SITKA SPRUCE; DELAMINATION RESISTANCE AB Epoxy adhesives can develop bonds to wood that are as strong as the wood itself, but only if the bonds remain dry. Once exposed to repeated water soaking and severe stresses from drying, epoxy bonds delaminate and fail to meet requirements for structural wood adhesives intended for exterior exposure. A new hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) coupling agent, applied to lumber surfaces before bonding, chemically couples both epoxy adhesive and lignocellulosics of wood to produce bonds to Sitka spruce that are extraordinarily resistant to delamination. In this report, we explain and demonstrate the nature of this coupling agent and the mechanism by which it enhances the durability of bonds of a bisphenol-A epoxy adhesive to wood. When diluted with benzyl alcohol, an epoxy adhesive developed structural bonds in HMR-primed lumber laminates that met the 5% maximum delamination requirement of ASTM Specification D 2559. The USDA Forest Service has applied for a patent for this invention. C1 EMPA,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. DOW CHEM CO USA,APPLICAT LAB,RESINS R&D,FREEPORT,TX 77541. RP VICK, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 2 EP 12 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QB748 UT WOS:A1995QB74800002 ER PT J AU MANTANIS, GI YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM AF MANTANIS, GI YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM TI SWELLING OF WOOD .4. A STATISTICAL-MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF MAXIMUM SWELLING OF WOOD IN ORGANIC LIQUIDS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WOOD SWELLING; MAXIMUM TANGENTIAL SWELLING; SOLVENT BASICITY; MOLAR VOLUME; HYDROGEN BONDING PARAMETER AB A statistical model for prediction of the maximum extent of the swelling of wood in organic liquids is proposed in this work. Solvent basicity, solvent molecular volume, and density of wood appeared to be the most important parameters in the proposed model. The addition of the hydrogen bonding capability parameter did not significantly improve the model. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP MANTANIS, GI (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QB748 UT WOS:A1995QB74800004 ER PT J AU MILOTA, MR TSCHERNITZ, JL VERRILL, SP MIANOWSKI, T AF MILOTA, MR TSCHERNITZ, JL VERRILL, SP MIANOWSKI, T TI GAS-PERMEABILITY OF PLANTATION LOBLOLLY-PINE SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PERMEABILITY; LOBLOLLY PINE; SOLVENT-DRY; AIR-DRY; JUVENILE WOOD; MATURE WOOD AB Gas permeability of loblolly pine sapwood was determined for samples from six plantation-grown trees. Longitudinal permeability measurements were made on wood from five heights in the trees, juvenile and mature wood, and earlywood and latewood. Samples were either solvent-dried to obtain a green-equivalent state or air-dried. Permeability was also measured in the tangential and radial directions. Longitudinal permeability was significantly less in the lower part of the tree than in the upper part. Mature wood was more permeable than juvenile wood for both green-equivalent and air-dried wood as well as earlywood and latewood. Permeability did not appear to be solely a function of specific gravity. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP MILOTA, MR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QB748 UT WOS:A1995QB74800006 ER PT J AU URBANIK, TJ LEE, SK AF URBANIK, TJ LEE, SK TI SWEPT SINE HUMIDITY SCHEDULE FOR TESTING CYCLIC PERIOD EFFECTS ON CREEP SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CORRUGATED FIBERBOARD; STACKING LIFE COMPRESSION STRENGTH; CYCLIC HUMIDITY; TESTING ID EDGEWISE COMPRESSION CREEP AB The stacking life of corrugated containers under load decreases as relative humidity (RH) increases and when RH cycles, compared with when RH remains stable. Conventional RH test schedules that rely on fixed cycle periods do not adequately reflect the significance of moisture diffusion and hygroexpansion rate phenomena on the creep of corrugated containers and general wood fiber products. With cycle periods shorter than a critical period, materials are relatively unaffected by cyclic changes in RH. Longer periods amplify material hygroexpansion and accelerate creep. In this study, we propose a swept sine RH schedule in which the cycle frequency varies logarithmically with time and set forth equations for generating a numerical control signal. Data from creep tests of corrugated fiberboard reveal the frequency dependence of the amplitude and phase relationships between cyclic hygroexpansion and cyclic RH. A swept sine RH schedule yielded the continuous form of the response characteristics varying with cycle period that could not be acquired with multiple constant period schedules. The critical cycle period and the hygroexpansion response to moisture as a function of cycle period are proposed as criteria for discriminating among hygroexpansion-creep models. RP URBANIK, TJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 68 EP 78 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QB748 UT WOS:A1995QB74800010 ER PT B AU Bologna, J Lyke, J Theophile, K AF Bologna, J Lyke, J Theophile, K BE Shen, SY TI The evolution of international policies and mechanisms to advance sustainable forest management and mitigate global climate change SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 7, NOS 1-3, MARCH 1995: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE & POLICY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1995, PTS 1-3 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Global Warming - Science and Policy CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP SUPCON Int DE sustainability; forest management; deforestation; climate change; international policy C1 US FOREST SERV,INT FORESTRY POLICY & PLANNING,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 1-9634567-9-2 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1995 BP 169 EP 189 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG14J UT WOS:A1995BG14J00011 ER PT B AU Zerbe, JI AF Zerbe, JI BE Shen, SY TI Interdependency of fire and global change: The Southern US as an example SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 7, NOS 1-3, MARCH 1995: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE & POLICY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1995, PTS 1-3 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Global Warming - Science and Policy CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP SUPCON Int DE fire; wildfire; forest fire; controlled burning; global change; global warming; greenhouse gas C1 US FOREST SERV,SO GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 1-9634567-9-2 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1995 BP 221 EP 230 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG14J UT WOS:A1995BG14J00014 ER PT B AU Perala, DA Rollinger, JL Wilson, DM AF Perala, DA Rollinger, JL Wilson, DM BE Shen, SY TI Comparison between soil and biomass carbon in adjacent hardwood and red pine forests SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 7, NOS 1-3, MARCH 1995: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE & POLICY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1995, PTS 1-3 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Global Warming - Science and Policy CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP SUPCON Int DE carbon accumulation; Great Lakes forests; forest conversion; Pinus resinosa C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 1-9634567-9-2 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1995 BP 231 EP 243 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG14J UT WOS:A1995BG14J00015 ER PT B AU Rango, A AF Rango, A BE Shen, SY TI Effects of climate change on water supplies in mountainous snowmelt regions SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 7, NOS 1-3, MARCH 1995: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE & POLICY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1995, PTS 1-3 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Global Warming - Science and Policy CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP SUPCON Int DE global warming; hydrological models; snowmelt; runoff redistribution; water management C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 1-9634567-9-2 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1995 BP 315 EP 325 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG14J UT WOS:A1995BG14J00021 ER PT S AU Hadidi, A Davis, I Minafra, A Boscia, D Postman, JD AF Hadidi, A Davis, I Minafra, A Boscia, D Postman, JD BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI A virus affecting apples and pears is related to grapevine virus A as revealed by IC-RT-PCR and molecular hybridization SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00003 ER PT S AU Nemchinov, L Hadidi, A Chandresse, T Foster, JA Verderevskaya, T AF Nemchinov, L Hadidi, A Chandresse, T Foster, JA Verderevskaya, T BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI Sensitive detection of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus from infected apple or peach tissue using RT-PCR, IC-RT-PCR, or multiplex IC-RT-PCR SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA,AGR RES INSPECT SERV,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 51 EP 62 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00005 ER PT S AU Nemchinov, L Hadidi, A Verderevskaya, T AF Nemchinov, L Hadidi, A Verderevskaya, T BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI Detection and partial characterization of a plum pox virus isolate from infected sour cherry SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 226 EP 236 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00030 ER PT S AU Levy, L Kolber, M Tokes, G Nemeth, M Hadidi, A AF Levy, L Kolber, M Tokes, G Nemeth, M Hadidi, A BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI 3' non-coding region RT-PCR detection and molecular hybridization of plum pox virus in anthers of infected stone fruit SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 331 EP 339 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00047 ER PT S AU Parakh, DR Shamloul, AM Hadidi, A Scott, SW Waterworth, HE Howell, HE Mink, GI AF Parakh, DR Shamloul, AM Hadidi, A Scott, SW Waterworth, HE Howell, HE Mink, GI BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI Detection of prune dwarf ilarvirus from infected stone fruits using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 421 EP 430 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00060 ER PT S AU Shamloul, AM Minafra, A Hadidi, A Waterworth, HE Giunchedi, L Allam, EK AF Shamloul, AM Minafra, A Hadidi, A Waterworth, HE Giunchedi, L Allam, EK BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI Peach latent mosaic viroid: Nucleotide sequence of an Italian isolate, sensitive detection using RT-PCR and geographic distribution SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 522 EP 530 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00077 ER PT S AU Postman, JD Hadidi, A AF Postman, JD Hadidi, A BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI Elimination of apple scar skin viroid from pears by in vitro thermo-therapy and apical meristem culture SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 536 EP 543 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00079 ER PT S AU Hurtt, SS Podleckis, EV AF Hurtt, SS Podleckis, EV BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI Apple scar skin viroid is not seed transmitted or transmitted at a low rate in oriental pear SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 544 EP 550 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00080 ER PT S AU Zhu, SF Hadidi, A Yang, X Hammond, RW Hansen, AJ AF Zhu, SF Hadidi, A Yang, X Hammond, RW Hansen, AJ BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI Nucleotide sequence and secondary structure of pome fruit viroids from dapple apple diseased apples, pear rusty skin diseased pears and apple scar skin symptomless pears SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLAM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 554 EP 559 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00082 ER PT S AU Podleckis, EV Hadidi, A AF Podleckis, EV Hadidi, A BE Barba, M Hadidi, A TI New trends in the detection of fruit tree viroids SO XVITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT TREE VIRUS DISEASES SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIth International Symposium on Fruit Tree Virus Diseases CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PLANT PROTECT & QUARANTINE,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-817-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 386 BP 606 EP 610 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE49B UT WOS:A1995BE49B00091 ER PT J AU KHRIMIAN, AP DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM LIQUIDO, NJ NICHOLSON, JM AF KHRIMIAN, AP DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM LIQUIDO, NJ NICHOLSON, JM TI MONOFLUORO ANALOGS OF EUGENOL METHYL-ETHER AS NOVEL ATTRACTANTS FOR THE ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE; WITTIG OLEFINATION; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; DERIVATIVES; FLUORINATION; INHIBITORS; SAFROLE; REAGENT; DIMERIZATION; NUCLEOSIDES AB Monofluoro analogs of eugenol methyl ether as potential attractants for the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis, Hendel) were synthesized using selective fluorination reactions: electrophilic hydro- and iodofluorination, fluorodehydroxylation with (diethylamido)sulfur trifluoride (DAST), and Wittig fluoroolefination through the stabilized ylides. Unusual reduction of the double bond was detected in a reaction of eugenol methyl ether with pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride). Bis-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)alkyl] carbonates were identified as the novel nucleophilic substitution products of the intermediate generated from the reaction of 3,4-dimethoxybenzenealkanols with DAST. Reductive desulfonylation of fluorovinyl sulfone 24-(Z) with sodium amalgam afforded 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoro-2-propenyl)benzene (E/Z = 85:15) which was highly attractive to the Oriental fruit fly. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP KHRIMIAN, AP (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 48 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 30 PY 1994 VL 59 IS 26 BP 8034 EP 8039 DI 10.1021/jo00105a019 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA QA492 UT WOS:A1994QA49200019 ER PT J AU KEHAYIAS, JJ ZHUANG, H DOWLING, L MA, RM MOORE, R AF KEHAYIAS, JJ ZHUANG, H DOWLING, L MA, RM MOORE, R TI CHOICE OF DETECTORS FOR IN-VIVO ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS BY COUNTING NATURAL AND NEUTRON-INDUCED GAMMA-RAYS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 16-19, 1994 CL ANN ARBOR, MI ID INVIVO; GENERATOR; ZETATRON; CARBON AB Body fat is measured by detecting C ana O in vivo through fast neutron inelastic scattering. A sealed D-T neutron generator is used for the pulsed (4-10 kHz): production of fast neutrons. Carbon and oxygen are detected by counting the 4.44 and 6.13 MeV gamma rays resulting;from the inelastic scattering of the fast neutrons from C-12 and O-16. Large Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal detectors (127 X 76 mm) are used for the gamma ray detection during the 10 mu s neutron burst. EGO detectors improved the signal to background ratio for the carbon detection by a factor of six compared to 152 X 152 mm NaI (Tl) detectors. Exposure to scattered neutrons did not affect the gain stability of the BGOs. Thermal neutrons from a moderated Pu-238-Be source are used for the measurement of total body nitrogen (and thus protein). The resulting high energy prompt gamma rays from nitrogen (10.83 MeV) are detected simultaneously with the irradiation. EGO detectors have superior stability operating in an environment of variable neutron exposure and high counting rates. However, the presence of neutrons creates a 10.2 MeV gamma ray peak from Ge-73 in the BGO detector which interferes with the nitrogen peak. Whole body gamma ray counters, consisting of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors in a shielded room, are used to measure the natural radioactivity of the body due to K-40. They are also used to measure body Ca, P, Na and Cl, following total body exposure to thermal neutrons. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. RP KEHAYIAS, JJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 30 PY 1994 VL 353 IS 1-3 BP 444 EP 447 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(94)91695-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA QB888 UT WOS:A1994QB88800108 ER PT J AU NELSON, ME FIATARONE, MA MORGANTI, CM TRICE, I GREENBERG, RA EVANS, WJ AF NELSON, ME FIATARONE, MA MORGANTI, CM TRICE, I GREENBERG, RA EVANS, WJ TI EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY STRENGTH TRAINING ON MULTIPLE RISK-FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES - A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OLDER MEN; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; ELDERLY PERSONS AB Objective.-To determine how multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures could be modified by high-intensity strength training exercises in postmenopausal women. Design.-Randomized controlled trial of 1-year duration. Setting.-Exercise laboratory at Tufts University, Boston, Mass. Population.-Forty postmenopausal white women, 50 to 70 years of age, participated in the study; 39 women completed the study. The subjects were sedentary and estrogen-deplete. Interventions.-High-intensity strength training exercises 2 days per week using five different exercises (n=20) vs untreated controls (n=19). Main Outcome Measures.-Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for bone status, one repetition maximum for muscle strength, 24-hour urinary creatinine for muscle mass, and backward tandem walk for dynamic balance. Results.-Femoral neck bone mineral density and lumbar spine bone mineral density increased by 0.005+/-0.039 g/cm(2) (0.9%+/-4.5%) (mean+/-SD) and 0.009+/-0.033 g/cm(2) (1.0%+/-3.6%), respectively, in the strength-trained women and decreased by -0.022+/-0.035 g/cm(2) (-2.5%+/-3.8%) and -0.019+/-0.035 g/cm(2) (-1.8%+/-3.5%), respectively, in the controls (P=.02 and .04). Total body bone mineral content was preserved in the strength-trained women (+2.0+/-68 g; 0.0%+/-3.0%) and tended to decrease in the controls (-33+77 g; -1.2%+/-3.4%, P=.12). Muscle mass, muscle strength, and dynamic balance increased in the strength-trained women and decreased in the controls (P=.03 to <.001). Conclusions.-High-intensity strength training exercises are an effective and feasible means to preserve bone density while improving muscle mass, strength, and balance in postmenopausal women. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. PENN STATE UNIV,NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA. RP NELSON, ME (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P01-DK42618] NR 48 TC 619 Z9 633 U1 9 U2 41 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 28 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 24 BP 1909 EP 1914 DI 10.1001/jama.272.24.1909 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PX927 UT WOS:A1994PX92700035 PM 7990242 ER PT J AU CHOI, HM SRINIVASAN, M MORRIS, NM AF CHOI, HM SRINIVASAN, M MORRIS, NM TI SINGLE-STEP DYEING AND FINISHING TREATMENT OF COTTON WITH 1,2,3,4-BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REACTANTS; CATALYST AB A single-step dyeing and finishing (SDF) process was developed to eliminate dyeing problems associated with cotton crosslinked by polycarboxylic acid such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). This process consisted of several steps: (a) impregnation of the fabric by the bath containing BTCA, dye, and catalyst; (b) drying; and (c) curing at high temperature. Color strength (K/S) and dye fixation of cotton treated by the SDF process were excellent, especially with reactive dyes containing mono- or dichlorotriazinyl compounds and, in some cases, were higher than those of the sample dyed by a conventional batch process without finishing treatment. The presence of dye in the SDF process did not interfere with crosslinking of cotton. We believed that the reaction occurred between carboxyl groups of BTCA and s-triazinyl groups in reactive dyes in the presence of imidazole and other catalyst. FTIR, Raman, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies were used to confirm the mechanism of dye fixation. Elemental analysis also supported this mechanism. The SDF process can be an excellent way to dye fabric that also requires crosslinking treatment for smooth drying appearance. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CLOTHING & TEXTILES,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 26 PY 1994 VL 54 IS 13 BP 2107 EP 2118 DI 10.1002/app.1994.070541313 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PU320 UT WOS:A1994PU32000013 ER PT J AU HEIM, R PRASHER, DC TSIEN, RY AF HEIM, R PRASHER, DC TSIEN, RY TI WAVELENGTH MUTATIONS AND POSTTRANSLATIONAL AUTOXIDATION OF GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE AEQUOREA VICTORIA; BLUE FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA COLI; IMIDAZOLIDINONE ID MUTAGENESIS; YEAST AB The green fluorescent protein (GFP) of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is an unusual protein with strong visible absorbance and fluorescence from a p-hydroxybenzylidene-imidazolidinone chromophore, which is generated by cyclization and oxidation of the protein's own Ser-Tyr-Gly sequence at positions 65-67. Cloning of the cDNA and heterologous expression of fluorescent protein in a wide variety of organisms indicate that this unique posttranslational modification must be either spontaneous or dependent only on ubiquitous enzymes and reactants. We report that formation of the final fluorophore requires molecular oxygen and proceeds with a time constant (approximate to 4 hr at 22 degrees C and atmospheric pO(2)) independent of dilution, implying that the oxidation does not require enzymes or cofactors. GFP was mutagenized and screened for variants with altered spectra. The most striking mutant fluoresced blue and contained histidine in plate of Tyr-66. The availability of two visibly distinct colors should significantly extend the usefulness of GFP in molecular and cell biology by enabling in vivo visualization of differential gene expression and protein localization and measurement of protein association by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, HOWARD HUGHES MED INST, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. USDA, OTIS METHODS DEV CTR, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, OTIS AIR NATL GUARD BASE, MA 02542 USA. NR 20 TC 1186 Z9 1241 U1 23 U2 203 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 20 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 26 BP 12501 EP 12504 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12501 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PY294 UT WOS:A1994PY29400031 PM 7809066 ER PT J AU SREBOTNIK, E JENSEN, KA HAMMEL, KE AF SREBOTNIK, E JENSEN, KA HAMMEL, KE TI FUNGAL DEGRADATION OF RECALCITRANT NONPHENOLIC LIGNIN STRUCTURES WITHOUT LIGNIN PEROXIDASE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; MODEL COMPOUNDS; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FREE-RADICALS; OXIDATION; ENZYME; WOOD; BIODEGRADATION AB Lignin peroxidases (LiPs) are likely catalysts of ligninolysis in many white-rot fungi, because they have the unusual ability to depolymerize the major, recalcitrant, nonphenolic structures of lignin. Some white-rot fungi have been reported to lack LiP when grown on defined medium, but it is not clear whether they exhibit full ligninolytic competence under these conditions. To address this problem, we compared the abilities of a known LIP producer, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, with those of a reported nonproducer, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, to degrade a synthetic lignin with normal phenolic content, a lignin with all phenolic units blocked, and a dimer, 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol, that represents the major nonphenolic structure in lignin. P. chrysosporium mineralized all three models rapidly in defined medium, but C. subvermispora show-ed appreciable activity only toward the more labile phenolic compound under these conditions. However, in wood, its natural environment, C. subvermispora mineralized all of the models as rapidly as P. chrysosporium did. Defined media therefore fail to elicit a key component of the ligninolytic system in C. subvermispora. A double labeling experiment with the dimeric model showed that a LiP-dependent pathway was responsible for at least half of dimer mineralization in wood by P. chrysosporium but was responsible for no more than 6-7% of mineralization by C. subvermispora in wood. Therefore, C. subvermispora has mechanisms for degradation of nonphenolic lignin that are as efficient as those in P. chrysosporium but that do not depend on LiP. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIOL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 33 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 20 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 26 BP 12794 EP 12797 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12794 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PY294 UT WOS:A1994PY29400091 PM 11607502 ER PT J AU WARREN, ML BURR, BM GRADY, JM AF WARREN, ML BURR, BM GRADY, JM TI NOTROPIS ALBIZONATUS, A NEW CYPRINID FISH ENDEMIC TO THE TENNESSEE AND CUMBERLAND RIVER DRAINAGES, WITH A PHYLOGENY OF THE NOTROPIS PROCNE SPECIES GROUP SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARY; PARSIMONY AB Notropis albizonatus, n. sp., an endemic to the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama, differs from other members of the Notropis procne species group in having a broad, depigmented supralateral stripe bordered ventrally by a dark midlateral stripe of equal intensity; predorsal stripe obsolescent or wanting, no postdorsal stripe; snout tubercles absent; lateral-line scales 36-38; predorsal scale rows 16-17; and unique genotypes for the Pgm-A locus. Only two disjunct populations of N. albizonatus persist, placing it among the most endangered fishes in North America. The species occurs in the Little South Fork (Cumberland River drainage, Kentucky) and Paint Rock River (Tennessee River drainage, Alabama) where it is an inhabitant of clear, clean pools and runs over rock bottoms. These two systems are being altered by toxic runoff, channelization, and siltation. The species was recently listed as federally endangered. Using the principle of parsimony, we optimized allelic frequencies for 37 presumptive loci on 945 possible unrooted trees for seven species: Notropis alborus, N. albizonatus, N. chihuahua, N. greenei, N. ludibundus, N. procne, and N. uranoscopus. We tested hypothesized sister relationships of N. albizonatus and estimated relationships in the N. procne species group. Notropis albizonatus and N. procne, formerly hypothesized as sister species, exhibit complete genotypic differentiation at three loci, Pep-S, Pgm-A, and Pgdh-A, and are not supported as sister species. Rooting the shortest network (L = 76.38) to either N. alborus or N. greenei, N. albizonatus, N. chihuahua, N. ludibundus, N. procne, and N. uranoscopus comprise a monophyletic assemblage. Notropis albizonatus is the sister species to a N. chihuahua-N. uranoscopus clade, and N. ludibundas-N. procne are sister species, comprising the sister group to the N. albizonatus clade. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOL, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA. UNIV NEW ORLEANS, DEPT BIOL SCI, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70148 USA. RP WARREN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOREST SERV, FOREST HYDROL LAB, SO FOREST EXPT STN, POB 947, OXFORD, MS 38655 USA. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 19 PY 1994 IS 4 BP 868 EP 886 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PZ200 UT WOS:A1994PZ20000003 ER PT J AU CARR, ME AF CARR, ME TI PREPARATION OF CATIONIC STARCH CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SUBSTITUENTS BY REACTIVE TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION PROCESSING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Cationic starch, an important additive for papermaking and other uses, was prepared from native cornstarch and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in aqueous sodium hydroxide using a twin-screw extruder as the reactor. The effects of physical and chemical reaction variables on reaction efficiency (RE) and degree of substitution (DS) of up to 0.05 were studied. RE was based on nitrogen content contributed by cationization of the starch after the products were exhaustively washed to remove unreacted monomer. Under certain reaction conditions, exceptionally high RE (90%+) was achieved, exceeding maximum values previously reported using laboratory-batch reaction procedures. The combined effects of high reaction temperature (90 degrees C), intense mixing, high-starch solids (65%), and appropriate levels of catalyst contributed to the unusually high RE values achieved by the reactive extrusion process. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. RP CARR, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES UNIT,MWA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 19 PY 1994 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1855 EP 1861 DI 10.1002/app.1994.070541208 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PU319 UT WOS:A1994PU31900008 ER PT J AU NISKANEN, KJ ALAVA, MJ AF NISKANEN, KJ ALAVA, MJ TI PLANAR RANDOM NETWORKS WITH FLEXIBLE FIBERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE; PERCOLATION; MODEL; PAPER C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. HELSINKI UNIV TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,SF-02150 ESPOO,FINLAND. RP NISKANEN, KJ (reprint author), KCL PAPER SCI CTR,POB 70,SF-02151 ESPOO,FINLAND. RI Alava, Mikko/G-2202-2013 OI Alava, Mikko/0000-0001-9249-5079 NR 23 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 25 BP 3475 EP 3478 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.3475 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PX387 UT WOS:A1994PX38700037 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF FETT, WF DUDLEY, RL AF OSMAN, SF FETT, WF DUDLEY, RL TI STRUCTURE OF THE EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE OF PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI STRAIN ATCC-17588 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI STRAIN ATCC 17588; STRUCTURE OF; EXPOLYSACCHARIDE; STRUCTURE ID ACIDIC EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; SPECTROSCOPY RP OSMAN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD DEC 16 PY 1994 VL 265 IS 2 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00228-2 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PY437 UT WOS:A1994PY43700015 PM 7842450 ER PT J AU COTTA, MA WHEELER, MB WHITEHEAD, TR AF COTTA, MA WHEELER, MB WHITEHEAD, TR TI CYCLIC-AMP IN RUMINAL AND OTHER ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CYCLIC AMP; ANAEROBE; RUMEN; PREVOTELLA RUMINICOLA; REGULATION ID CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; PENTOSE UTILIZATION; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROKARYOTES AB An examination of cAMP levels in predominant species of ruminal bacteria and other anaerobic bacteria was conducted. Cellular cAMP concentrations of glucose-grown cultures of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, Prevotella ruminicola D31d, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 and D, Megasphaera elsdenii B159, Sreptococcus bovis JB1, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 5482, and Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 were determined at various times during growth by a competitive binding radioimmunoassay procedure. The results were compared to those for Escherichia coli NRRL B3704. The levels of cAMP ranged from undetectable for B. thetaiotaomicron to approximately 15 pmol/mg cell protein for P. ruminicola D31d. Varying the growth substrate in a manner previously shown to elicit regulatory response did not alter the level of cAMP in these organisms. In general, cAMP concentrations present in these organisms were much lower than the 6-25 pmol/mg cell protein observed for E. coli. The levels of cAMP in P. ruminicola were consistently higher than levels in other anaerobes, particularly during the early exponential and stationary phases of growth. Based on these data it seems unlikely that cAMP is involved in regulation of substrate catabolism in the anaerobic bacteria examined except in P. ruminicola where it may have an unknown regulatory function. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP COTTA, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0001-5589-357X; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 124 IS 3 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PW836 UT WOS:A1994PW83600015 PM 7851742 ER PT J AU YOSHIDA, S LEE, LF YANAGIDA, N NAZERIAN, K AF YOSHIDA, S LEE, LF YANAGIDA, N NAZERIAN, K TI MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE SITE OF GLYCOPROTEIN-B (GB) OF MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS SO GENE LA English DT Note DE RECOMBINANT FOWLPOX VIRUS; SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS; PULSE-CHASE; CELL-SURFACE TRANSPORT ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRAIN TOWNE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; HOMOLOG; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN; GII AB The Marek's disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein B (gB) precursor, gp100, is proteolytically cleaved into two disulfide-linked subunits, gp60 and gp49. In the gB homologs of most other herpesviruses, a tetrapeptide, Arg-Xaa-Arg-Arg, is immediately upstream from the predicted cleavage site. We have investigated the specificity of the proteolytic cleavage in gp100 by introducing mutations within its predicted cleavage site (Arg-Leu-Arg-Arg) and expressed these mutants in recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV). The results show that all three Arg residues at the predicted cleavage site play an important role in the specific proteolytic cleavage of gp100. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the cleavage of gp100 is not necessary for transport of gB to the cell surface. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 150 IS 2 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90442-1 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QC200 UT WOS:A1994QC20000014 PM 7821796 ER PT J AU SOMMERFELD, RA BALES, RC MAST, A AF SOMMERFELD, RA BALES, RC MAST, A TI SPATIAL STATISTICS OF SNOWMELT FLOW - DATA FROM LYSIMETERS AND AERIAL PHOTOS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The two-dimensional, horizontal spatial statistics of meltwater flow through a Wyoming snowpack were investigated using two independent methods: meltwater flow from arrays of closely spaced lysimeters and a survey of snow surface brightness on aerial photos. Both methods suggested a characteristic distance of about 6 m over which the respective phenomena were correlated. If a characteristic distance for meltwater flow could be related to snow characteristics such as slope and aspect, modeling of meltwater related phenomena would be facilitated. If the aerial photo data could be shown to be related to the flow data, as these results suggest, a convenient technique for determining meltwater spatial statistics from aerial photos would be available. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP SOMMERFELD, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 25 BP 2821 EP 2824 DI 10.1029/94GL02493 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QA222 UT WOS:A1994QA22200012 ER PT J AU BARR, SC JAMROSZ, GF HORNBUCKLE, WE BOWMAN, DD AF BARR, SC JAMROSZ, GF HORNBUCKLE, WE BOWMAN, DD TI USE OF PAROMOMYCIN FOR TREATMENT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN A CAT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROPHYLAXIS AB Paromomycin was effective in clearing Cryptosporidium oocysts from the feces of a cat with persistent diarrhea. Paromomycin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside with known activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as Giardia, Leishmania, and Entamoeba hystolytica. Paromomycin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, which probably accounts for its low toxicity documented in mice. C1 CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BARR, SC (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 12 BP 1742 EP 1743 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PW606 UT WOS:A1994PW60600020 PM 7744647 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME CHAVAN, AJ KLEIN, RR RAJAGOPOLAN, K HALEY, BE AF SALVUCCI, ME CHAVAN, AJ KLEIN, RR RAJAGOPOLAN, K HALEY, BE TI PHOTOAFFINITY-LABELING OF THE ATP BINDING DOMAIN OF RUBISCO ACTIVASE AND A SEPARATE DOMAIN INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEHYDROGENASE; HYDROLYSIS; GLUTAMATE; PEPTIDES; SUBUNIT AB Photoaffinity labeling of Rubisco activase with 2- and 8-N(3)ATP was used to identify the adenine binding domain for ATP. Rubisco activase hydrolyzed both of these analogs of ATP and used their hydrolysis to support a low rate of Rubisco activation. When irradiated with ultraviolet light, these and other azido-substituted adenine nucleotides covalently modified Rubisco activase at two distinct binding sites. Competition binding experiments with ATP and ADP showed that one of the sites was the ATP binding domain. The other site was not a nucleotide binding domain per se but would bind adenine nucleotides if an azido moiety was present on the base. Tryptophan and other indoles prevented azidoadenine nucleotides from labeling this domain but afforded little protection to the ATP binding domain. The ability to selectively protect each of the two binding sites made it possible to localize the adenine binding domain for ATP to the region of Rubisco activase from N68-D74 and the other binding domain to a region near the N-terminus from Q10 to D14. Modification of the region from Q10 to D14 by photoaffinity labeling prevented Rubisco activase from promoting activation of Rubisco without affecting ATP hydrolysis. These data suggest that a specific region of Rubisco activase near the N-terminus may be a site of interaction with Rubisco. Binding of azidoadenine nucleotides in this region appears to be fortuitous and may involve base-stacking with the species-invariant Trp at position 16 and hydrogen bonding of the azido moiety. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT MED CHEM,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 13 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 49 BP 14879 EP 14886 DI 10.1021/bi00253a027 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PW706 UT WOS:A1994PW70600027 PM 7993914 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL AF WILLETT, JL TI MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF LDPE GRANULAR STARCH COMPOSITES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYETHYLENE; PLASTICS; BEHAVIOR; MODULUS; BLENDS AB The mechanical properties of composites of granular starch and low density polyethylene (PE) have been studied as functions of starch volume fraction phi, granule size, and presence of compatibilizer. Property-volume fraction relationships were interpreted using various theories of composite properties. The dependence of elongation (epsilon similar to phi(1/3)) and tensile strength (sigma similar to phi(2/3)) agree with theoretical predictions, although the proportionality constants are less negative than theoretic al values. The addition of compatibilizer (ethylene-co-acrylic acid copolymer, EAA) did not significantly affect the elongation or tensile strength, but significantly increased the composite tensile modulus. The cornstarch/PE moduli could be described by the Kerner or Halpin-Tsai equations. Analysis of the composite moduli data using the Halpin-Tsai equation allowed the estimation of the modulus of granular starch. The value obtained, 15 GPa, is considerably greater than most unfilled synthetic polymers of commercial importance, but significantly lower than the modulus of cellulose. It is also greater than a previously reported value of 2.7 GPa. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. RP WILLETT, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 42 TC 151 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 12 PY 1994 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1685 EP 1695 DI 10.1002/app.1994.070541112 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PQ936 UT WOS:A1994PQ93600012 ER PT J AU AVERY, JW CUNNINGHAM, RT WATERS, RM AF AVERY, JW CUNNINGHAM, RT WATERS, RM TI REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CERALURE-B-1 AND CERALURE-A, ETHYL CIS-5-IODO-TRANS-2-METHYLCYCLOHEXANE-1-CARBOXYLATE AND TRANS-5-IODO-TRANS-2-METHYLCYCLOHEXANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOMERS; TRIMEDLURE AB Reaction of trans-2-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one with trimethylsilyl iodide, generated in situ, followed by refluxing with ethanol gives regioselectively ethyl cis-(and trans-) 5-iodo-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a persistent attractant for male Mediterranean fruit flies. RP AVERY, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 1994 VL 35 IS 50 BP 9337 EP 9338 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78536-4 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA PX860 UT WOS:A1994PX86000007 ER PT J AU CHAPELA, IH REHNER, SA SCHULTZ, TR MUELLER, UG AF CHAPELA, IH REHNER, SA SCHULTZ, TR MUELLER, UG TI EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS AND THEIR FUNGI SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERMUTATION TESTS AB The evolutionary history of the symbiosis between fungus-growing ants (Attini) and their fungi was elucidated by comparing phylogenies of both symbionts. The fungal phylogeny based on cladistic analyses of nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA indicates that, in contrast with the monophyly of the ants, the attine fungi are polyphyletic. Most cultivated fungi belong to the basidiomycete family Lepiotaceae; however, one ant genus, Apterostigma, has acquired a distantly related basidiomycete lineage. Phylogenetic patterns suggest that some primitive attines may have repeatedly acquired lepiotaceous symbionts. In contrast, the most derived attines have clonally propagated the same fungal lineage for at least 23 million years. C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEUROBIOL & BEHAV SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA,SYST BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 49 TC 238 Z9 243 U1 10 U2 88 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 9 PY 1994 VL 266 IS 5191 BP 1691 EP 1694 DI 10.1126/science.266.5191.1691 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PW308 UT WOS:A1994PW30800036 PM 17775630 ER PT J AU WILSON, PWF MYERS, RH LARSON, MG ORDOVAS, JM WOLF, PA SCHAEFER, EJ AF WILSON, PWF MYERS, RH LARSON, MG ORDOVAS, JM WOLF, PA SCHAEFER, EJ TI APOLIPOPROTEIN-E ALLELES, DYSLIPIDEMIA, AND CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE - THE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING STUDY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; E POLYMORPHISM; ARTERY DISEASE; E PHENOTYPE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INCREASED PREVALENCE; LOVASTATIN TREATMENT; TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Objective.-To describe the association between apolipoprotein E alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4), dyslipidemias, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Design.-Cross-sectional prevalence study. Setting and Participants.-Community-based sample of men (n=1034) and women (n=916) aged 40 to 77 years who are participating in a long-term study of cardiovascular disease. Study participants underwent fasting lipid measurements, coronary risk factor determinations, and a comprehensive evaluation for the presence of current or previous CHD. Results.-Compared with the epsilon 3 allele, the epsilon 4 allele was associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values (greater than or equal to 4.14 mmol/L [160 mg/dL]) in women, the epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles were associated with moderately elevated triglyceride values (greater than or equal to 2.82 mmol/L [250 mg/dL]) in men, and the epsilon 2 allele was associated with severely elevated triglyceride values (greater than or equal to 5.64 mmol/L [500 mg/dL]) in men. The apolipoprotein E alleles were not associated with hypertension, obesity, smoking, or diabetes, but the epsilon 4 allele frequency was reduced in women after 60 years of age. The age-adjusted prevalence of CHD was associated with the epsilon 4 allele in both men (relative odds=1.53, P=.04) and women (relative odds=1.99, P=.05). In analyses for women and for both sexes combined, this relation persisted after adjustment by hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions.-Apolipoprotein E alleles are important genetic markers for dyslipidemia and CHD. The estimated CHD odds associated with the epsilon 4 allele appears to be greater than that for any other known genetic lipid abnormality, and the association of the epsilon 4 allele with CHD remains significant in women and both sexes combined after adjustment by traditional coronary risk factors and lipids. C1 BOSTON UNIV,MED CTR,BOSTON,MA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP WILSON, PWF (reprint author), FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,5 THURBER ST,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 64 TC 393 Z9 397 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 21 BP 1666 EP 1671 DI 10.1001/jama.272.21.1666 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU759 UT WOS:A1994PU75900025 PM 7966894 ER PT J AU RALPH, J QUIDEAU, S GRABBER, JH HATFIELD, RD AF RALPH, J QUIDEAU, S GRABBER, JH HATFIELD, RD TI IDENTIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW FERULIC ACID DEHYDRODIMERS PRESENT IN GRASS CELL-WALLS SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE LINKAGES; MODEL QUINONE METHIDES; ESTER CROSS-LINKS; DIFERULIC ACID; PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; COLEOPTILES; BIODEGRADABILITY; EXTENSIBILITY AB Seven isomeric dehydrodimers of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) have been synthesized and identified in extracts of saponified cell walls of cocksfoot, switchgrass, and suspension-cultured corn. Dehydrodimers (E,E)-4,4'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-3,3'-bicinnamic acid, trans-5-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid, (Z)-beta-{4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid, (E)-3-{4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-4-hydroxy-5-methoxycinnamic acid. (E,E)-4,4'-dihydroxy-3,5'-dimethoxy-beta,3'-bicinnamic acid, 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-beta,beta'-bicinnamic acid, and trans-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-1,2-dihydro-naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, all arise from oxidative coupling of ferulate esters in cell walls and represent products of 8-5, 8-8, 8-O-4, 4-O-5, and 5-5 radical coupling. Prior literature has acknowledged only the presence of the 5-5-coupled dehydrodimer (E,E)-4,4'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-3,3'-bicinnamic acid. Consequently, by measuring only a single dehydrodimer and assuming inappropriate response factors, ferulate dehydrodimers have been underestimated by factors of up to 20. Synthetic routes to all seven isomers have been developed to provide structural authentication and determination of GC response factors. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR W, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 75 TC 322 Z9 325 U1 5 U2 49 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7781 J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1 PD DEC 7 PY 1994 IS 23 BP 3485 EP 3498 DI 10.1039/p19940003485 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA PW230 UT WOS:A1994PW23000018 ER PT J AU LOUGHRIN, JH MANUKIAN, A HEATH, RR TURLINGS, TCJ TUMLINSON, JH AF LOUGHRIN, JH MANUKIAN, A HEATH, RR TURLINGS, TCJ TUMLINSON, JH TI DIURNAL CYCLE OF EMISSION OF INDUCED VOLATILE TERPENOIDS HERBIVORE-INJURED COTTON PLANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE BEET ARMYWORM; PLANT-INSECT INTERACTION ID PARASITIC WASPS; BIOSYNTHESIS; FLOWERS; DEFENSE AB Cotton plants attacked by herbivorous insect pests emit relatively large amounts of characteristic volatile terpenoids that have been implicated in the attraction of natural enemies of the herbivores. However, the composition of the blend of volatile terpenes released by the plants varies remarkably throughout the photoperiod. Some components are emitted in at least 10-fold greater quantities during the photophase than during the scotophase, whereas others are released continuously, without conforming to a pattern, during the entire time that the plants are under herbivore attack. The diurnal pattern of emission of volatile terpenoids was determined by collecting and analyzing the volatile compounds emitted by cotton plants subjected to feeding damage by beet armyworm larvae in situ. The damage was allowed to proceed for 3 days, and volatile emission was monitored continuously. During early stages of damage high levels of lipoxygenase-derived volatile compounds [e.g., (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate] and several terpene hydrocarbons [e.g., alpha-pinene, caryophyllene] were emitted. As damage proceeded, high levels of other terpenes, all acyclic [e.g., (E)-beta-ocimene, (E)-beta-farnesene], were emitted in a pronounced diurnal fashion; maximal emissions occurred in the afternoon. These acyclic terpenes followed this diurnal pattern of emission, even after removal of the caterpillars, although emission was in somewhat smaller amounts. In contrast, the emission of cyclic terpenes almost ceased after the caterpillars were removed. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X NR 20 TC 233 Z9 262 U1 5 U2 40 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 6 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 25 BP 11836 EP 11840 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.25.11836 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PW708 UT WOS:A1994PW70800015 PM 11607499 ER PT J AU SCHANLER, RJ RIFKA, M AF SCHANLER, RJ RIFKA, M TI CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESIUM NEEDS FOR THE LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANT SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Future of Nutrition for the Low-Birth-Weight Infant CY AUG 23-25, 1993 CL MUSEE CLAUDE BERNARD, ST JULIEN EN BEAUJOLAIS, FRANCE HO MUSEE CLAUDE BERNARD ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; HUMAN-MILK; PRETERM INFANTS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; MOTHERS MILK; MINERAL BALANCE; BONE MINERALIZATION; VITAMIN-D; SUPPLEMENTATION; FORMULA C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NEONATOL SECT,HOUSTON,TX. RP SCHANLER, RJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 83 SU 405 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13408.x PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QG455 UT WOS:A1994QG45500020 ER PT J AU MOORE, MR GOLLEHON, NR CAREY, MB AF MOORE, MR GOLLEHON, NR CAREY, MB TI ALTERNATIVE MODELS OF INPUT ALLOCATION IN MULTICROP SYSTEMS - IRRIGATION WATER IN THE CENTRAL PLAINS, UNITED-STATES SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB This paper compares three models of input allocation in multicrop systems. In addition to the variable input and satisficing models analyzed in previous research, an allocatable fixed input model of short-run input use is derived. The empirical application studies irrigation water use in the Central Plains region of the United States. Based on results from model specification tests and prediction accuracy measures, the allocatable fixed input model dominates both other models in explaining multicrop water allocation. In addition, the paper presents an alternative approach to the study of deficient data on multicrop production. By transferring econometric results from analysis of 'non-deficient' crop-level data, input allocations in deficient data sets can be predicted. RP MOORE, MR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1016/0169-5150(94)00025-5 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PY645 UT WOS:A1994PY64500004 ER PT J AU FEATHER, PM AMACHER, GS AF FEATHER, PM AMACHER, GS TI ROLE OF INFORMATION IN THE ADOPTION OF BEST MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES FOR WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB This study investigates the role of information in influencing the adoption of improved farm management practices. A lack of producer information regarding both the profitability and the environmental benefits of adopting improved practices may be a reason why widespread adoption of these practices has not occurred. Compared to direct regulation or financial incentives, raising producer information levels may be a more cost-effective method of increasing adoption. The United States Department of Agriculture has recently established and begun implementing a program based on this idea. To test the validity of the program, a two-stage adoption model is specified and estimated using data from a survey of producers in the program area. The results indicate that producer perceptions play an important role in the decision to adopt. Changing these perceptions by means of an educational program may be a reasonable alternative to financial incentives in encouraging BMP adoption. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP FEATHER, PM (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0169-5150(94)00013-1 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PY645 UT WOS:A1994PY64500005 ER PT J AU WISER, V AF WISER, V TI HISTORY OF THE FLOWER BULB INDUSTRY IN WASHINGTON-STATE - GOULD,CJ SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP WISER, V (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 68 IS 1 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA NJ070 UT WOS:A1994NJ07000016 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, DC AF NIELSEN, DC TI NON-WATER-STRESSED BASE-LINES FOR SUNFLOWERS SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SUNFLOWER; INFRARED THERMOMETRY; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; WATER STRESS ID SCHEDULING IRRIGATIONS; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; INDEX; COTTON AB Effective use of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) to quantify water stress requires knowledge of a non water-stressed baseline (NWSB). This study was conducted to determine effects of plant population, plant development, leaf temperatures, canopy temperatures, and time of measurement on NWSB for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., ''Triumph 560-A, 822B-R''). Measurements of canopy and single leaf temperatures were made with an infrared thermometer (IRT) throughout the growing season on plants in three populations (2.6, 5.3, and 7.9 plants.m-2) grow under full irrigation to provide a range of ground cover conditions. Plant population only affected NWSB based on canopy temperatures when leaf area index (LAI) was less than 2.0. Non water-stressed baselines based on single leaf temperatures were not affected by plant population. Slopes of NWSBs were similar during vegetative and flowering growth stages, but declined in absolute value during grain-filling. Non water-stressed baselines derived from midday temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) measurements were not different from NWSBs derived from diurnal measurements. Measurements of single leaves of sunflower plants made with an IRT can be used to evaluate water stress early in the growing season before canopy closure occurs, or in non-irrigated production areas where canopy closure may not occur, and during grain-filling when heads become very warm and disrupt canopy temperature measurements. RP NIELSEN, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(94)90013-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA PY388 UT WOS:A1994PY38800004 ER PT J AU SHIMANUKI, H CALDERONE, NW KNOX, DA AF SHIMANUKI, H CALDERONE, NW KNOX, DA TI PARASITIC MITE SYNDROME - THE SYMPTOMS SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The impact of the parasitic mites Acarapis woodi and Varroa jacobsoni has been devasting. In addition to reports of field observations, the Bee Research Laboratory has seen an increase in bee disease samples that we in the Laboratory have chosen to call the ''parasitic mite syndrome.'' The entire colony, both adult bees and food are affected. Symptoms can occur at any time of the year, although we are seeing more samples from mid-summer into fall. It is important to note that not all the symptoms may be evident in any one colony at a given time. Parasitic mite syndrome is more likely to be associated with colonies that are infested with V. jacobsoni than A. woodi. Judging from the large numbers of affected individuals, the syndrome most likely is caused by a communicable agent. The purpose of this report is to heighten the awareness to this syndrome and to report our observations. It is our desire that this report will encourage others who have made similar observations, to share their knowledge so we can identify the possible causes. RP SHIMANUKI, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,E B 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 9 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 134 IS 12 BP 827 EP 828 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PV562 UT WOS:A1994PV56200034 ER PT J AU ACKERMAN, KZ SMITH, ME BERTSCH, C HANTHORN, M PAGGI, M AF ACKERMAN, KZ SMITH, ME BERTSCH, C HANTHORN, M PAGGI, M TI UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURAL EXPORT POLICY AFTER THE GATT - WHICH DIRECTION AND WHAT MEANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1232 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200053 ER PT J AU VOGEL, FA MILTON, R RIVES, S AF VOGEL, FA MILTON, R RIVES, S TI CURRENT ISSUES WITH AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NASS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1231 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200052 ER PT J AU INFANGER, C MUSTARD, A GRAY, K MEEKOFF, R WOODS, F AF INFANGER, C MUSTARD, A GRAY, K MEEKOFF, R WOODS, F TI ASSESSING AGRICULTURAL POLICY ASSISTANCE TO THE FORMERLY SOCIALIST ECONOMIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. USDA,FAS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,ES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1233 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200059 ER PT J AU JAGGER, C HARRIS, H NELSON, J COLLINS, K SMITH, KR PAGGI, M FLINCHBAUGH, B AF JAGGER, C HARRIS, H NELSON, J COLLINS, K SMITH, KR PAGGI, M FLINCHBAUGH, B TI EXTENSION PUBLIC-POLICY OUTLOOK SYMPOSIUM - PROSPECTS FOR THE 1995 FARM BILL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ASCS, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC 29631 USA. IDAHO STATE UNIV, POCATELLO, ID 83209 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1233 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200060 ER PT J AU JAGGER, C SMITH, E GLAUBER, J MANFREDI, E AF JAGGER, C SMITH, E GLAUBER, J MANFREDI, E TI ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS FOR WASHINGTON POLICY-MAKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ASCS, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. USDA, OFF ECON, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. US CONGRESS BUDGET OFF, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1233 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200058 ER PT J AU DURHAM, CA MAZZOCCO, MA ROGERS, T KING, RP CLAFFEY, BA STREETER, DH AF DURHAM, CA MAZZOCCO, MA ROGERS, T KING, RP CLAFFEY, BA STREETER, DH TI CHANGES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND REDUCED PUBLIC INFORMATION - IMPACTS ON FOOD SYSTEM PERFORMANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA,AMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1234 EP 1235 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200065 ER PT J AU UHRIG, JW CLAUSSEN, KL STALLINGS, D BRORSEN, BW AF UHRIG, JW CLAUSSEN, KL STALLINGS, D BRORSEN, BW TI APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN AGRICULTURAL-ECONOMICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,WASDE,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RI Brorsen, Wade/G-2204-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1238 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200075 ER PT J AU BAHN, H WILLETT, G WEST, D BAQUET, A OLTMANS, A BLANK, S SKEES, J AF BAHN, H WILLETT, G WEST, D BAQUET, A OLTMANS, A BLANK, S SKEES, J TI RISK MANAGEMENT IN AN INCREASINGLY UNSTABLE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1241 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200088 ER PT J AU LOOMIS, JB GONZALEZCABAN, A GREGORY, R AF LOOMIS, JB GONZALEZCABAN, A GREGORY, R TI DO REMINDERS OF SUBSTITUTES AND BUDGET CONSTRAINTS INFLUENCE CONTINGENT VALUATION ESTIMATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1246 EP 1246 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200131 ER PT J AU HALLIBURTON, K HENNEBERRY, SR AF HALLIBURTON, K HENNEBERRY, SR TI THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UNITED-STATES NONPRICE PROMOTION PROGRAMS FOR HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS - THE CASE OF ALMONDS IN THE PACIFIC RIM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FAS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1248 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200151 ER PT J AU RENDLEMAN, CM SPINELLI, FJ AF RENDLEMAN, CM SPINELLI, FJ TI THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER PREVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,APHIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US ECON RES SERV,ATAD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1255 EP 1255 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200222 ER PT J AU LEVEDAHL, JW AF LEVEDAHL, JW TI A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL FORMS USED TO ESTIMATE THE FOOD EXPENDITURE EQUATION FOR FOOD STAMP RECIPIENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1261 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200284 ER PT J AU ELOSTA, H BELLAMY, D AF ELOSTA, H BELLAMY, D TI INEQUALITY AND EXPECTATIONS IN FARM OPERATORS OFF-FARM EARNINGS - THE ROLE OF HUMAN-CAPITAL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,RDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1269 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200359 ER PT J AU WEINBERG, M MOORE, MR MULVILLE, A AF WEINBERG, M MOORE, MR MULVILLE, A TI OVERALLOCATED RIVERS IN THE AMERICAN-WEST - POTENTIAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN ENDANGERED FISH AND IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US CONGRESS BUDGET OFF,WASHINGTON,DC. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1273 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200393 ER PT J AU LINO, M AF LINO, M TI ECONOMIC-STATUS OF RURAL SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1274 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA QG032 UT WOS:A1994QG03200401 ER PT J AU YOUNG, FL OGG, AG PAPENDICK, RI AF YOUNG, FL OGG, AG PAPENDICK, RI TI CASE-STUDIES OF INTEGRATED WHOLE FARM SYSTEM DESIGNS - FIELD-SCALE REPLICATED IPM TRIALS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science and Sustainability CY OCT 24-26, 1993 CL SEATTLE, WA DE CROP ROTATION; ECONOMICS; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; INTERDISCIPLINARY; LONG-TERM RESEARCH; SYSTEMS RESEARCH; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; WEED MANAGEMENT RP YOUNG, FL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOM 165,JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU H A WALLACE INST ALTERNAT AGR PI GREENBELT PA 9200 EDMONSTON ROAD SUITE 117, GREENBELT, MD 20770-1551 SN 0889-1893 J9 AM J ALTERNATIVE AGR JI Am. J. Altern. Agric. PD WIN-SPR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NZ687 UT WOS:A1994NZ68700011 ER PT J AU QUINN, JA MOWREY, DP EMANUELE, SM WHALLEY, RDB AF QUINN, JA MOWREY, DP EMANUELE, SM WHALLEY, RDB TI THE FOLIAGE-IS-THE-FRUIT HYPOTHESIS - BUCHLOE-DACTYLOIDES (POACEAE) AND THE SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE OF NORTH-AMERICA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; SEED DISPERSAL; HERBIVORY; PLANTS; SEX; EVOLUTION; GRAMINEAE; DIOECY; DIFFERENTIATION; CHARACTERS AB Janzen proposed that foliage of herbaceous plants may serve as the attractant for large herbivore dispersal of seeds. Such herbivore dispersal was envisioned to select for traits enhancing ingestion and passage of viable seeds through the animal. We tested this ''Foliage is the Fruit'' (FF) hypothesis by collecting and collating appropriate data from Buchloe dactyloides (buffalograss), one of the two dominant grasses of the shortgrass prairie. Passage of buffalograss diaspores through cattle had a positive effect on germination and seedling growth from intact diaspores, damage other than that due to mastication (15%) was minimal, and retention time was 1-5 days. This combination of retention time and migratory herbivores during the northward expansion of shortgrass prairie should have enhanced migration of buffalograss northward to Montana from its area of origin in central Mexico, and our comparisons with its five close dioecious relatives (the ''Buchloe group'') showed that buffalograss does possess a suite of distinctive FF traits. Lab analyses of foliage quality and digestibility also confirmed the high quality of its foliage. After reviewing comparable data for Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama), we conclude that buffalograss and blue grama, which dominate major portions of the largest North American steppe Province, provide strong support for the FF hypothesis. C1 USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. UNIV NEW ENGLAND,DEPT BOT,ARMIDALE,NSW 2351,AUSTRALIA. RP QUINN, JA (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA. NR 69 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1545 EP 1554 DI 10.2307/2445331 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PZ956 UT WOS:A1994PZ95600005 ER PT J AU CHEUNG, MC LICHTENSTEIN, AH SCHAEFER, EJ AF CHEUNG, MC LICHTENSTEIN, AH SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECTS OF A DIET RESTRICTED IN SATURATED FATTY-ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL ON THE COMPOSITION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES IN THE FASTING AND FED STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN-SPECIFIC HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES; LOW-FAT DIET; NORMOLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS; FASTING STATE; FED STATE ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; POLY-UNSATURATED FAT; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; APOA-I; TRANSFER PROTEIN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; QUALITATIVE CHANGES; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS; LIPASE ACTIVITY AB To test the hypothesis that diet may exert differential effects on apolipoprotein (ape) A-I-containing high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) particles with (w) and without (w/o) ape A-II [Lp(A-I w A-II) and Lp(A-I w/o A-II)], the effects of a diet low in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol [National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Step 2 diet] on these lipoproteins were determined in eight normolipidemic subjects, aged 53-74 y, in both the fasting and nonfasting states. Compared with a diet high in saturated fatty acid and cholesterol, consumption of an NCEP diet (6 mo) lowered fasting plasma, low-density-lipoprotein, and HDL cholesterol, and nonfasting plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05- < 0.005). Phospholipid in fasting and nonfasting Lp(A-I w A-II) and Lp(AI w/o A-II) was lower during the NCEP diet (P < 0.05-0.001), but reductions in ape A-I or A-II were observed only in Lp(A-I w A-II). In contrast, differences in particle-size profiles were detected in Lp(A-I w/o A-II) but not in Lp(A-I w A-II). These observations provide further evidence that Lp(A-I w A-II) and Lp(A-I w/o A-II) are distinct metabolic entities. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, LIPID METAB LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP CHEUNG, MC (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, NW LIPID RES CTR, DEPT MED, 2121 N 35TH ST, SEATTLE, WA 98103 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326, HL-30086] NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 6 BP 911 EP 918 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PV833 UT WOS:A1994PV83300014 PM 7985633 ER PT J AU FINLEY, JW JOHNSON, PE JOHNSON, LK AF FINLEY, JW JOHNSON, PE JOHNSON, LK TI SEX AFFECTS MANGANESE ABSORPTION AND RETENTION BY HUMANS FROM A DIET ADEQUATE IN MANGANESE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MANGANESE; BODY RETENTION; ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE ID GUT ENDOGENOUS LOSSES; INFANT FORMULAS; IRON-ABSORPTION; RATS; BALANCE; COPPER; ZINC; METABOLISM; MN-54; SPECTROMETRY AB Men (n = 20) and women (n = 20) consuming a diet adequate in manganese were fed 0.037 mBq Mn-54 in a test meal. Subjects were counted in a whole-body counter for 70 d to determine whole-body retention of Mn-54. Data from days 10 to 20 and from days 19 to 70 were analyzed by linear regression to calculate absorption and biological half-life. Men absorbed significantly less Mn-54 than women, but the Mn-54 absorbed had a longer half-life in men. Estimates of absorption were higher, and estimates of half-life were lower, when data from days 10 to 20 were used compared with days 19 to 70. There was a significant association between manganese absorption and plasma ferritin concentrations and between manganese absorption and biological half-life. We conclude that men and women differ in manganese metabolism and that such differences may be related to iron status. We also conclude that regression estimates of absorption determined by using whole-body retention curves depend on the portion of the data used. RP FINLEY, JW (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 50 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 6 BP 949 EP 955 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PV833 UT WOS:A1994PV83300020 PM 7985639 ER PT J AU DAUDU, PA KELLEY, DS TAYLOR, PC BURRI, BJ WU, MM AF DAUDU, PA KELLEY, DS TAYLOR, PC BURRI, BJ WU, MM TI EFFECT OF A LOW BETA-CAROTENE DIET ON THE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF ADULT WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; IMMUNE STATUS; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTES; PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ID LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTIONS; CANCER; HUMANS; ANTIOXIDANT; INVITRO AB We examined the effect of beta-carotene depletion and repletion on the immune status of nine healthy women who lived in the metabolic suite for 100 d. For the first 4 d all women were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 mg beta-carotene/d (baseline). During the next 68 d, the basal diet without beta-carotene supplementation was fed to all subjects (depletion), and during the last 28 d the diet of each woman was supplemented with 15.0 mg beta-carotene/d (repletion). Neither beta-carotene depletion nor repletion significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) altered proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A, in vitro production of soluble interleukin 2 receptor, or the concentration of circulating lymphocytes and their subsets. Thus, in healthy adults consuming adequate vitamin A, beta-carotene depletion had no adverse effect on the indexes tested, nor was there any beneficial effect of modest beta-carotene supplementation. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 6 BP 969 EP 972 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PV833 UT WOS:A1994PV83300023 PM 7985642 ER PT J AU EMKEN, EA AF EMKEN, EA TI METABOLISM OF DIETARY STEARIC-ACID RELATIVE TO OTHER FATTY-ACIDS IN HUMAN-SUBJECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS; ACYLATION; ABSORPTION; DESATURATION; OXIDATION; STEARIC ACID; PALMITIC ACID; DIETARY LINOLEIC ACID ID LINOLEIC-ACID; ABSORPTION; RATS AB This paper reviews results obtained by stable-isotope-tracer methods for stearic acid (18:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) metabolism and the influence of dietary linoleic acid on the metabolism of these saturated fatty acids in humans subjects. The results, based on stable-isotope-tracer data, show that absorption of 18:0 is not significantly different from 16:0; percent desaturation of 18:0 to 9-cis 18:1 (9.2%) is 2.4 times higher than for 16:0 to 9-cis 16:1 (3.9%) and 9-desaturation is not greatly influenced by the amount of linoleic acid in typical US diets. Additionally, compared with 16:0, 18:0 incorporation is 30-40% lower for plasma triglyceride and cholesterol ester and approximate to 40% higher for phosphatidylcholine; beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids was slower than for unsaturated fatty acids and increasing the intake of dietary linoleic acid decreased beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids. These results indicate that metabolic differences between 18:0 and 16:0 only partially explain the difference in the cholesterolemic effect reported for these saturated fatty acids. RP EMKEN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, 1815 N UNIV, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 19 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 6 SU S BP 1023S EP 1028S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PW203 UT WOS:A1994PW20300010 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, RM ALLMAN, MA IACONO, JM AF DOUGHERTY, RM ALLMAN, MA IACONO, JM TI TOTAL AND LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LIPOPROTEIN FRACTIONS AND FECAL FATTY-ACID EXCRETION OF MEN CONSUMING DIETS CONTAINING HIGH-CONCENTRATIONS OF STEARIC-ACID SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE STEARIC ACID; CHOLESTEROL; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL RP DOUGHERTY, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, POB 29997, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 6 SU S BP 1043S EP 1043S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PW203 UT WOS:A1994PW20300013 ER PT J AU BLAIR, IA DOUGHERTY, RM IACONO, JM AF BLAIR, IA DOUGHERTY, RM IACONO, JM TI DIETARY STEARIC-ACID AND THROMBOXANE PROSTACYCLIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN NORMAL HUMAN-SUBJECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE STEARIC ACID; URINARY EXCRETION; PROSTACYLIN; THROMBOXANE; MASS SPECTROMETRY ID FATTY-ACIDS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; HEART-DISEASE; LINOLEIC-ACID; EXCRETION; PROSTAGLANDIN; LIPIDS; MEN; LIPOPROTEINS; METABOLITES AB Ten male subjects were fed a diet rich in stearic acid while they were confined to a metabolic ward. There were three study periods: a 20-d baseline period followed by two 40-d intervention periods. The baseline diet contained 4.4% of energy from stearic acid; one intervention diet was high in stearic acid (7.3% of energy) and the other intervention diet was low in stearic acid (1.6% of energy). The energy contribution of protein, carbohydrate, and fat (16%, 54%, and 30%, respectively) was identical for the two diets. The fat content was distributed equally among saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Urinary excretions of thromboxane B-2, 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B-2, 6-oxo-prostaglandin F-1 alpha, and 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-prostaglandin F-1 alpha were not significantly different during the two different intervention periods. This suggests that changes in dietary stearic acid do not affect in vivo thromboxane A(2) or prostacyclin biosynthesis. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV, CLIN NUTR RES UNIT, NASHVILLE, TN 37232 USA. USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. RP VANDERBILT UNIV, DEPT PHARMACOL, NASHVILLE, TN 37232 USA. RI Blair, Ian/B-3320-2010 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 6 SU S BP 1054S EP 1058S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PW203 UT WOS:A1994PW20300016 ER PT J AU SCHOENE, NW ALLMAN, MA DOUGHTERY, RM IACONO, JM AF SCHOENE, NW ALLMAN, MA DOUGHTERY, RM IACONO, JM TI DISSIMILAR RESPONSES OF PLATELETS TO DIETARY STEARIC AND PALMITIC ACIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS; MEAN PLATELET VOLUME; SHAPE CHANGE; THROMBOSIS C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP SCHOENE, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BLDG 308, ROOM 114, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 6 SU S BP 1059S EP 1059S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PW203 UT WOS:A1994PW20300017 ER PT J AU KLEIN, PD GILMAN, RH LEONBARUA, R DIAZ, F SMITH, EO GRAHAM, DY AF KLEIN, PD GILMAN, RH LEONBARUA, R DIAZ, F SMITH, EO GRAHAM, DY TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI IN PERUVIAN CHILDREN BETWEEN 6 AND 30 MONTHS OF AGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; CHILDHOOD; GASTRITIS; ANTIBODY; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; FECES AB Objectives: Cross-sectional studies of children in developing countries show a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection at 6 months of age, but a decrease in the prevalence of infection between 1 and 5 yr of age. The decrease suggests a loss or clearance of infection, an uncommon finding in adults. Our objective in this study was to determine the longitudinal persistence of H. pylori infection in young childen. Methods: We tested an initial cohort of 105 6-month-old infants at 6-month intervals with the C-13-urea breath test; 56 subjects were successfully studied for 2 yr or until 30 months of age. Results: Overall prevalence decreased from 71.4% to 47.9% when children were between 6 and 18 months of age, and we found a significant gender difference (males 63.6-55.0%, females 80.0-38.7%, p = 0.03). Of the 56 subjects, six had negative breath tests at all 6-month intervals, 10 were consistently positive, and 36 subjects had one or more negative tests after a positive test. The overall probability of acquiring H. pylori in a given 6-month period ranged between 0.28 and 0.38; the probability of clearing the infection was between 0.22 and 0.45. During the first 18 months after birth, male infants were more likely to acquire H. pylori and less likely to clear the infection than female infants. Conclusion: We conclude that H. pylori colonization in infants may be a reversible process. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VET ADM MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77211. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,A B PRISMA,LIMA,PERU. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,GASTROINTESTINAL WORKING GRP,LIMA,PERU. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. RP KLEIN, PD (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED B280,6565 FANNIN,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919, DK39048, DK35369] NR 40 TC 163 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 89 IS 12 BP 2196 EP 2200 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PW195 UT WOS:A1994PW19500020 PM 7977241 ER PT J AU DUDLEY, MA JAHOOR, F BURRIN, DG REEDS, PJ AF DUDLEY, MA JAHOOR, F BURRIN, DG REEDS, PJ TI BRUSH-BORDER DISACCHARIDASE SYNTHESIS IN INFANT PIGS MEASURED IN-VIVO WITH [H-2(3)]LEUCINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRUSH-BORDER PROTEINS; DISACCHARIDASE PROCESSING; JEJUNUM; STABLE ISOTOPES ID LACTASE-PHLORIZIN HYDROLASE; INTESTINAL MICROVILLAR PROTEINS; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; AMINOPEPTIDASE-N; RAT JEJUNUM; ADULT-RAT; BIOSYNTHESIS; INVIVO; DECLINE; DIET AB Conscious unrestrained piglets were fasted overnight and infused intravenously with [H-2(3)]leucine for 6 h. Sucrase isomaltase and lactase phlorizin hydrolase were immunoprecipitated from jejunal mucosal membranes, and the immunoprecipitates were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. Bands corresponding to the pro and mature isoforms of both enzymes were acid hydrolyzed. [H-2(3)]leucine isotopic enrichment was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization. Plasma leucine reached isotopic steady state within 90 min. The isotopic enrichment of mucosal leucine was 73% of that of plasma leucine. The high mannose and complex glycosylated forms of prolactase were in isotopic equilibrium, and their isotopic enrichment was 94% of mucosal leucine. The fractional synthesis rates of total and membrane protein were 0.45 and 0.65 days(-1), whereas the processing rates of mature lactase, sucrase, and isomaltase were 0.90, 0.23, and 0.21 days(-1), respectively. Approximately 65% of the label in the sucrase isomaltase immunoprecipitate was in the complex glycosylated precursor, whereas 73% of the label in lactase phlorizin hydrolase was in the mature (160 kDa) form. We conclude that the low rate of brush-border sucrase synthesis reflects a slow rate at which the complex glycosylated precursor is processed to the brush-border form. RP DUDLEY, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, USDA ARS, DEPT PEDIAT, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 267 IS 6 BP G1128 EP G1134 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA PY111 UT WOS:A1994PY11100023 ER PT J AU LEFCOURT, AM AKERS, RM WOOD, DL BITMAN, J AF LEFCOURT, AM AKERS, RM WOOD, DL BITMAN, J TI CIRCADIAN AND ULTRADIAN RHYTHMS OF PERIPHERAL PROLACTIN CONCENTRATIONS IN LACTATING DAIRY-COWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; PHOTOPERIOD; BOVINE ID GROWTH-HORMONE; CORTISOL; PLASMA; RELEASE; HEIFERS AB To investigate possible circadian and ultradian periodicities for peripheral prolactin in lactating dairy cows, integrated 15-min blood samples taken sequentially over 48 h from six cows were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Cows were housed in an environmental chamber at 19 degrees C with lights on 0700 to 2300, fed daily at 0900, and milked at 0800 and 2000. Peripheral concentrations exhibited sinusoidal circadian rhythms. For two cows, a nadir of 15 ng/ml occurred around 1900 and a zenith of 29 ng/ml around 0730. For four cows, circadian rhythms were 180 degrees out of phase, with a nadir of 28 ng/ml around 0840 and a zenith of 40 mg/ml around 1920. Ultradian peaks, which varied in amplitude within and among animals, showed no consistent relationship with either milking or feeding. Spectral analyses indicated rhythms around 100 min for the first two animals and 150 min for the four animals. In conclusion, there were no simple relations between prolactin rhythms and lights on or lights off. Further, results suggest that changes in the phase of circadian rhythms may be associated with changes in the periods of ultradian rhythms. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT DAIRY SCI, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. RP LEFCOURT, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, MSML, BLDG 173, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 267 IS 6 BP R1461 EP R1466 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA PX998 UT WOS:A1994PX99800006 ER PT J AU CHEUNG, AK FANG, J WESLEY, RD AF CHEUNG, AK FANG, J WESLEY, RD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A PSEUDORABIES VIRUS THAT IS DEFECTIVE IN THE EARLY PROTEIN-0 AND LATENCY GENES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TYPE-1 MUTANT; DELETION; VMW110; ACID; ICP0 AB A recombinant pseudorabies virus that is defective in the early protein 0 (EP0) and large latency transcript (LLT) genes was constructed. A portion of the EP0 and LLT genes was replaced by the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli that had been placed under the control of the pseudorabies virus gX gene promoter. This recombinant virus produces smaller size plaques and yields less virus than does the parent virus on Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. Although the time course of virus replication and release into the medium of the recombinant and parent viruses are similar, the recombinant virus did not reach as high a titer. Similar to the parent virus, the recombinant virus replicates in the upper segment of the respiratory tract of swine, but the amount of progeny viruses produced is significantly reduced. The data indicated that the EP0 and LLT genes of pseudorabies virus are nonessential for replication. Virus that lacks these 2 genes has impaired growth in tissue culture and is attenuated for swine, compared with the parent virus. RP CHEUNG, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1710 EP 1716 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PV394 UT WOS:A1994PV39400013 PM 7887515 ER PT J AU COLE, RA LINDSAY, DS DUBEY, JP TOIVIOKINNUCAN, MA BLAGBURN, BL AF COLE, RA LINDSAY, DS DUBEY, JP TOIVIOKINNUCAN, MA BLAGBURN, BL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A MURINE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY GENERATED AGAINST NEOSPORA-CANINUM TACHYZOITES BY USE OF WESTERN-BLOT-ANALYSIS AND IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE MEMBRANE; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; HOST-CELL; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TISSUE-SECTIONS; EIMERIA-TENELLA; ANTIGEN; PROTEIN; DOGS AB A murine monoclonal antibody (MAB) 6G7 generated against tachyzoites of Neospora caninum recognized 8 major and several minor antigens, as observed by western blot analysis. Relative rate of migration of the 8 major antigens ranged from 31 to 97.4 kd. In addition, MAB 6G7 recognized a Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite antigen with a relative rate of migration of 107 kd. Immunogold labeling of N caninum tachyzoites grown in human foreskin fibroblast cells indicated that MAB 6G7 binds to micronemes, dense granules, basal portions of rhoptries, and intravacuolar tubules within the parasitophorous vacuole. Monoclonal antibody 6G7 also bound to micronemes and basal portions of rhoptries within tachyzoites of T gondii. Monoclonal antibody 6G7 did not significantly inhibit development of tachyzoites in vitro. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1717 EP 1722 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PV394 UT WOS:A1994PV39400014 PM 7887516 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH ROTTINGHAUS, GE CORRIER, DE AF HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH ROTTINGHAUS, GE CORRIER, DE TI ADMINISTRATION OF OCHRATOXIN-A AND OCHRATOXIN-T-2 TOXIN TO GROWING SWINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; BROILER CHICKS; PIGS; TOXICITY; DEOXYNIVALENOL; AFLATOXIN; DIETS; RATS AB Effects of dietary ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Thirty-six barrows (3 replicates of 3 for each of 4 treatment groups, mean body weight, 18.0 kg) were fed: 0 mg of OA and 0 mg of T-2/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of OA/kg of feed; 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of OA plus 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed for 30 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weight and body weight gain were decreased by all toxin treatments, but the combination toxin treatment reduced weight gain more than did either of the toxins administered singly and could be considered additive. liver weight was decreased by combination treatment, whereas kidney weight was increased by OA treatment. Ochratoxin decreased serum cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values; reduced mean cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and macrophage phagocytosis; and increased creatinine and total protein values. Consumption of T-2 toxin reduced hemoglobin and serum alkaline phosphatase values. The combination treatment decreased serum cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, mean cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, as well as lymphoblastogenesis and phagocytosis, and increased serum creatinine concentration. We concluded that OA and T-2, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values, and organ weights of growing barrows. Although some analytes were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone, the interactions could best be described as additive, not synergistic. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1757 EP 1761 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PV394 UT WOS:A1994PV39400021 PM 7887523 ER PT J AU WESTERMANN, DT BOSMA, SM KAY, MA AF WESTERMANN, DT BOSMA, SM KAY, MA TI NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 4TH PETIOLE AND UPPER-STEM OF POTATO PLANTS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NITRATE; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; ZINC; MANGANESE; COPPER; SULFUR; DIAGNOSTIC; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; NUTRITIONAL MONITORING AB Successfully evaluating the nutritional status of a crop during growth and development is dependent upon sampling an identifiable plant part. Consistently sampling a petiole of the same maturity in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is difficult. We evaluated the nutrient relationships between the upper-stem and the fourth petiole from Russet Burbank plants in field studies having N, P, K, Zn or Mn variables. The upper-stem was obtained by excising the stem below the sixth leaf and removing all leaves and the terminal meristem. Petole NO3-N, P, K, Zn and Mn concentrations were from deficient to sufficient. The NO3-N, P and K concentrations were similar in the fourth petiole and upper-stem, while the Zn concentration was 40% higher in the upper-stem. Calcium, Mg and Mn concentrations were lower in the upper-stem than in the fourth petiole. Copper and S relationships were not adequately defined. The fourth petiole's NO3-N, P and K diagnostic concentrations now used to monitor plant nutrient status can also be used for upper-stem samples. Zinc diagnostic concentrations should be increased, while Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations should be adjusted downward in the upper-tem. Additional data are needed to refine the Ca and Mg relationships, and to establish relationships for Cu, S and other essential nutrients. A significant advantage of using the upper-stem is the elimination of the petiole selection problem when sampling. RP WESTERMANN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,379N 3600E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 71 IS 12 BP 817 EP 828 DI 10.1007/BF02849377 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QB645 UT WOS:A1994QB64500003 ER PT J AU LIND, AJ WELSH, HH AF LIND, AJ WELSH, HH TI ONTOGENIC CHANGES IN FORAGING BEHAVIOR AND HABITAT USE BY THE OREGON GARTER SNAKE, THAMNOPHIS-ATRATUS-HYDROPHILUS SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID SYMPATRIC WATER SNAKES; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; NERODIA-RHOMBIFERA; ECOLOGY; PREY; SIZE; RATTLESNAKE; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT; ELEGANS AB Foraging behaviour, stream habitat use and food habits of a population of the aquatic, Oregon garter snake were studied in the field during the spring and summer of 1987 and 1988. Continuous records of behaviour and habitat use were obtained for each snake. Adults foraged more actively and in a wider variety of stream habitats than juveniles or neonates. Adults also fed on a wider variety of prey types and sizes, especially concentrating on large, Pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosis, larvae and neotenes, in the mid-stream substrates. Juvenile and neonate snakes fed on relatively smaller prey that inhabited shallow stream margins. Consumption of relatively large prey by adults and smaller prey by juveniles indicated a shift in foraging 'strategy' from frequent feeding on small prey to infrequent feeding on large prey. These ontogenetic changes in foraging behaviour, habitat use and food habits of Oregon garter snakes are probably the result of a combination of proximate ecological, morphological and physiological constraints. Ultimately, these behavioural shifts may have a phylogenetic origin that reflects the strong advantage of single large meals versus many small meals for many modern snake lineages. RP LIND, AJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 74 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1273 DI 10.1006/anbe.1994.1362 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA PY733 UT WOS:A1994PY73300002 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML AF AVERY, ML TI FINDING GOOD FOOD AND AVOIDING BAD FOOD - DOES IT HELP TO ASSOCIATE WITH EXPERIENCED FLOCKMATES SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID RED-WINGED-BLACKBIRDS; SOCIAL TRANSMISSION; AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; LEARNED AVERSIONS; NORWAY RATS; SELECTION; AVOIDANCE AB Flocks of male red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus, were observed as they foraged on 9 x 12-m tilled plots within a 0.2-ha flight pen. One of the plots contained rice seed treated with the bird repellent methiocarb; a second plot received untreated rice. When each flock displayed a consistent avoidance of the treated plot, the number of experienced birds in the 12-bird flock was sequentially reduced to six, three, one and zero. Latency to use of the untreated plot and time spent foraging in the treated plot by naive birds were greatly reduced when at least one experienced bird was present. Throughout the 4-day trials, use of the treated seed plot by naive birds was greater than that of experienced birds. The naive flock members benefited by following experienced birds to the untreated seed plot, thereby discovering and using it more quickly than when no experienced birds were present. The naive birds did not avoid the treated seed plot, however, and many ate the treated seed and became sick. Thus, the benefit of associating with experienced birds was in learning where to forage, not where to avoid. RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1371 EP 1378 DI 10.1006/anbe.1994.1373 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA PY733 UT WOS:A1994PY73300013 ER PT J AU YANG, VW MARKS, JA DAVIS, BP JEFFRIES, TW AF YANG, VW MARKS, JA DAVIS, BP JEFFRIES, TW TI HIGH-EFFICIENCY TRANSFORMATION OF PICHIA-STIPITIS BASED ON ITS URA3 GENE AND A HOMOLOGOUS AUTONOMOUS REPLICATION SEQUENCE, ARS2 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OROTIDINE-5'-PHOSPHATE DECARBOXYLASE GENE; ENCODING OROTIDINE-5'-MONOPHOSPHATE DECARBOXYLASE; XYLOSE-FERMENTING YEASTS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METHYLOTROPHIC YEAST; HANSENULA-POLYMORPHA AB This paper describes the first high-efficiency transformation system for the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis. The system includes integrating and autonomously replicating plasmids based on the gene for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (URA3) and an autonomous replicating sequence (ARS) element (ARS2) isolated from P. stipitis CBS 6054. Ura(-) auxotrophs were obtained by selecting for resistance to 5-fluoroorotic acid and were identified as ura3 mutants by transformation with P. stipitis URA3 P. stipitis URA3 was cloned by its homology to Saccharomyces cerevisiae URA3, with which it is 69% identical in the coding region. P. stipitis ARS elements were cloned functionally through plasmid rescue. These sequences confer autonomous replication when cloned into vectors bearing the P. stipitis URA3 gene. P. stipitis ARS2 has features similar to those of the consensus ARS of S. cerevisiae and other ARS elements. Circular plasmids bearing the P. stipitis URA3 gene with various amounts of flanking sequences produced 600 to 8,600 Ura(+) transformants per mu g of DNA by electroporation. Most transformants obtained with circular vectors arose without integration of vector sequences. One vector yielded 5,200 to 12,500 Ura(+) transformants per mu g of DNA after it was linearized at various restriction enzyme sites within the P. stipitis URA3 insert. Transformants arising from linearized vectors produced stable integrants, and integration events were site specific for the genomic ura3 in 20% of the transformants examined. Plasmids bearing the P. stipitis URA3 gene and ARS2 element produced more than 30,000 transformants per mu g 8 of plasmid DNA. Autonomously replicating plasmids were stable for at least 50 generations in selection medium and were present at an average of 10 copies per nucleus. C1 US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT BACTERIOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 75 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 12 BP 4245 EP 4254 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PU399 UT WOS:A1994PU39900005 PM 7811063 ER PT J AU TSCHURSIN, E WOLF, WR LACROIX, D VEILLON, C PATTERSON, KY AF TSCHURSIN, E WOLF, WR LACROIX, D VEILLON, C PATTERSON, KY TI OPTIMIZATION OF AN ESCHERICHIA-COLI FORMATE DEHYDROGENASE ASSAY FOR SELENIUM-COMPOUNDS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY; RAT-LIVER; SELENOCYSTEINE; SELENOMETHIONINE; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM AB A microbiological assay to detect different chemical compounds of selenium for potential future use in the study of the distribution of these chemical forms in foods is being developed. This assay is based on the detection, by infrared analysis, of CO2 in a culture of Escherichia coli when the bacteria are grown in the presence of various selenium compounds. The CO2 production is the result of selenium-dependent formate dehydrogenase activity, which catalyzes oxidation of formic acid produced during glucose metabolism. Smooth response curves were generated over several orders of magnitude for selenocystine, selenite, and selenomethionine. The assay detects selenium concentrations (above background) as low as 1.5 nM for selenocystine and selenite and 4 nM for selenomethionine in minimal medium. Detection of selenomethionine was enhanced (to a sensitivity of 1.5 nM) by the addition of methionine to minimal medium and was enhanced even further (to a sensitivity of 0.8 nM) by the addition of a defined mixture of amino acids. Selenomethionine could be assayed in the presence of an amino acid concentration which is proportional to the amino acid/elemental selenium ratio found in a wheat gluten reference material (NIST SRM 8418). This implies that the assay can detect selenium compounds in a variety of foods at low concentrations, avoiding the background CO2 production caused by high concentrations of non-selenium-containing amino acids. The observation that methionine enhanced selenomethionine availability for formate dehydrogenase synthesis supports studies in animals demonstrating that methionine controls selenomethionine incorporation into selenoenzymes. Although determination of selenium by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry is more sensitive for detecting elemental selenium in biological materials, the microbiological assay detects metabolically utilized selenium, which is currently of interest in nutrition research. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,METAB & NUTR INTERACT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 12 BP 4310 EP 4318 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PU399 UT WOS:A1994PU39900015 PM 7811071 ER PT J AU UPCHURCH, RG MEADE, MJ HIGHTOWER, RC THOMAS, RS CALLAHAN, TM AF UPCHURCH, RG MEADE, MJ HIGHTOWER, RC THOMAS, RS CALLAHAN, TM TI TRANSFORMATION OF THE FUNGAL SOYBEAN PATHOGEN CERCOSPORA-KIKUCHII WITH THE SELECTABLE MARKER BAR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION AB An improved transformation protocol, utilizing selection for resistance to the herbicide bialaphos, has been developed for the plant pathogenic fungus Cercospora kikuchii. Stable, bialaphos-resistant transformants are recovered at frequencies eight times higher than those achieved with the previous system that was based on selection for benomyl resistance. In addition to C. kikuchii, this improved method can also be used to transform other species of Cercospora. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP UPCHURCH, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 60 IS 12 BP 4592 EP 4595 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PU399 UT WOS:A1994PU39900054 PM 16349469 ER PT J AU Nemec, S AF Nemec, Stan TI Soil microflora associated with pot cultures of Glomus intraradix-infected Citrus reticulata SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Growth of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) was enhanced by Glomus intraradix in six pot culture tests. Eight general taxonomic and functional groups of microflora colonizing rhizospheres and non-rhizospheres of plants in these tests were quantified by lognormal transformations of data. Most microflora groups increased in the rhizospheres of most treatments compared with non-rhizosphere soil. Gram-negative bacteria, protein hydrolyzers, anaerobic and facultative anaerobes (in one of two tests), and fluorescent pseudomonads (in one of two tests) did not differ in rhizospheres of low P soil amended with G. intraradix, 630 mu g g(-1) P, and the low P control. Actinomycetes in one of two tests were significantly higher in the rhizosphere of G. intraradix-infected plants in low P soil than its control. In general, added P alone and with G. intraradix influenced increases of some micro flora rhizosphere populations more than G. intraradix did alone, but chitin hydrolyzers were significantly reduced by added P. Lognormal transformations resulted in fewer significant increases in microflora of G. intraradix-infected roots than of non-transformed data, but lognormal transformation should be applied to analyses of data of this type. C1 USDA ARS, SAA US Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Nemec, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA US Hort Res Lab, 2120 Camden Rd, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 1 IS 4 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1016/0929-1393(94)90007-8 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA V31WF UT WOS:000208913000007 ER PT J AU GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA DAVIS, KB CARMICHAEL, GJ AF GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA DAVIS, KB CARMICHAEL, GJ TI GROWTH OF CHANNEL CATFISH IN MIXED-SEX AND MONOSEX POND CULTURE SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; GROWTH FISH ID AQUACULTURE AB Growth of male and female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was monitored for 6 months in triplicate 0.04-ha ponds (7500 fish/ha) stocked with mixed sexes (60-65% male), monosex males (90-98% male) or monosex females (98-100% female). Average weight and length and total weight were not different among treatment groups at any of the monthly samples. Harvest size of males was similar in ponds stocked with mixed sexes (mean +/- s.e.; 579 +/- 10 g and 324 +/- 2 mm, n = 184), monosex males (596 +/- 9 g and 326 +/- 2 mm, n = 282) and monosex females (607 +/- 48 g and 333 +/- 6 mm, n = 3), parallel to the pattern observed for females in ponds stocked with mixed sexes (474 +/- 10 g and 305 +/- 2 mm, n = 116), monosex males (458 +/- 21 g and 302 +/- 5 mm, n = 18) and monosex females (494 +/- 7 g and 311 +/- 1 mm, n = 297). Males were significantly heavier and longer than females in ponds with mixed sexes and with monosex males, but females and the small number of males in monosex female ponds were not statistically different in size. Feed conversion efficiencies were similar among treatment groups at each monthly sample, but the overall average for ponds with monosex males (0.743 +/- 0.01) was significantly higher than ponds with mixed sexes (0.670 +/- 0.02) and monosex females (0.676 +/- 0.01). Intrinsic growth patterns for both sexes were retained in monosex and mixed sex culture, demonstrating that the superior growth of males has a genetic component and is not due simply to more aggressive feeding behavior. The average weight of channel catfish harvested from monosex male ponds was about 8.5% higher than fish in mixed sex ponds and 15% higher than fish in monosex female ponds, suggesting that culture of monosex male channel catfish could provide an economic benefit. C1 UNIV MEMPHIS,ECOL RES CTR,DIV ECOL & ORGANISMAL BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP GOUDIE, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,POB 38,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90105-8 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PT672 UT WOS:A1994PT67200010 ER PT J AU GOEL, S LENZ, SD LUMLERTDACHA, S LOVELL, RT SHELBY, RA LI, M RILEY, RT KEMPPAINEN, BW AF GOEL, S LENZ, SD LUMLERTDACHA, S LOVELL, RT SHELBY, RA LI, M RILEY, RT KEMPPAINEN, BW TI SPHINGOLIPID LEVELS IN CATFISH CONSUMING FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME CORN CULTURE MATERIAL CONTAINING FUMONISINS SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CATFISH; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; FUMONISINS; SPHINGANINE; SPHINGOSINE ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPHINGOSINE; BIOLOGY AB Fumonisin, a secondary metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme, is frequently found in foods and feeds of humans and animals. Fumonisins are specific inhibitors of sphinganine (sphingosine) N-acyltransferase, a key enzyme in the pathway for de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and reacylation of sphingosine derived from dietary sources or complex sphingolipid turnover. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of F. moniliforme toxins on sphingolipids in year-2 channel catfish. In a 12-week feeding trial, four groups of catfish per treatment were fed pelleted balanced diets containing F. moniliforme cultured corn. The fumonisin B-1 (FB1) concentrations in diets were 0.3 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 240 mg/kg. The free sphinganine to free sphingosine ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated (with exception of brain) at 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg FB, per kg diet in kidney, serum, liver and muscle, respectively. The increase in free sphingolipid ratios observed were found to be due to increases in the levels of free sphinganine in tissues. These results demonstrate that a mode of action of F. moniliforme toxins in catfish is similar to other species (ponies, pigs, rats), and is suggestive of fumonisin toxicity. It also demonstrated the potential diagnostic value of ratios of free sphingolipids in catfish. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & ALLIED AQUACULTURES,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DELTA RES & EXTENS CTR,LELAND,MS 38756. USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP GOEL, S (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(94)00050-6 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA PV804 UT WOS:A1994PV80400001 ER PT J AU BOSTOM, AG YANEK, L HUME, AL EATON, CB MCQUADE, W NADEAU, M PERRONE, G JACQUES, PF SELHUB, J AF BOSTOM, AG YANEK, L HUME, AL EATON, CB MCQUADE, W NADEAU, M PERRONE, G JACQUES, PF SELHUB, J TI HIGH-DOSE ASCORBATE SUPPLEMENTATION FAILS TO AFFECT PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Note DE VITAMIN-C; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRAIL; HOMOCYSTEINE ID VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; RISK; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; PREVALENCE; MEN AB Pharmacologic doses of folate, in the absence of clinical folate deficiency, can reduce plasma levels of the putatively atherothrombotic amino acid, homocysteine (H(e)). Data suggesting that H(e) may accumulate in experimental scurvy prompted us to explore the efficacy of high dose ascorbate supplementation as a H(e)-lowering treatment, in the absence of clinical ascorbate deficiency. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 12 weeks of high dose (4.5 g/day) ascorbate supplementation was completed by 44 patients with established coronary heart disease. No significant change in mean fasting total plasma H(e) levels was demonstrable despite a marked increase in mean fasting plasma ascorbate levels amongst those patients randomized to active treatment. Ascorbate supplementation to prevent the development of fasting hyperhomocysteinemia may only be relevant at scorbutic levels of plasma ascorbate. C1 RHODE ISL HOSP,DIV GEN INTERNAL MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02903. MEM HOSP,DIV FAMILY MED,PAWTUCKET,RI. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD DEC PY 1994 VL 111 IS 2 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90101-5 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QA477 UT WOS:A1994QA47700012 PM 7718029 ER PT J AU GASKELL, J STEWART, P KERSTEN, PJ COVERT, SF REISER, J CULLEN, D AF GASKELL, J STEWART, P KERSTEN, PJ COVERT, SF REISER, J CULLEN, D TI ESTABLISHMENT OF GENETIC-LINKAGE BY ALLELE-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION - APPLICATION TO THE LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENE FAMILY OF PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-ROT BASIDIOMYCETE; DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; NITROGEN LIMITATION; ENCODING GENE; CLONING; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTION; FUNGUS AB Determining linkage is problematic for genes lacking easily identifiable phenotypes and for organisms without well-defined genetic recombination systems. Phanerochaete chrysosporium with its lignin peroxidase (LiP) gene family typifies these difficulties. We describe an experimental approach whereby the segregation of specific alleles is directly monitored during sexual fruiting, The method establishes linkage relationships among genes for which there are no mutations, and it is applicable to a wide range of genes, gene families and organisms, Using this approach, five P. chrysosporium linkage groups were identified. Ten LiP genes were distributed among three of these groups. One co-segregating group contained eight closely linked LiP genes. Another LiP gene was linked to a cellobiohydrolase gene cluster These genetic linkages were consistent with physical mapping by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Based on the identification of allelic relationships, a uniform nomenclature for LiP genes is also described. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV GEORGIA,WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD DEC PY 1994 VL 12 IS 13 BP 1372 EP 1375 DI 10.1038/nbt1294-1372 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PV452 UT WOS:A1994PV45200023 PM 7765568 ER PT J AU BROOKS, DS GONZALEZ, CF APPEL, DN FILER, TH AF BROOKS, DS GONZALEZ, CF APPEL, DN FILER, TH TI EVALUATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA AS POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS FOR OAK WILT SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CERATOCYSTIS FAGACEARUM; QUERCUS FUSIFORMIS; QUERCUS VIRGINIANA; QUERCUS TEXANA; PSEUDOMONAS DENITRIFICANS; PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA; ERWINIA HERBICOLA; BACILLUS PUMILIS; BACILLUS ALVEI; BIOCONTROL ID DUTCH ELM DISEASE; CERATOCYSTIS-ULMI; LIVE OAK; PSEUDOMONAS AB Endophytic bacteria were isolated from surviving live oaks (Quercus fusiformis) in Texas, where oak wilt is epidemic, and evaluated as potential biological control agents for the disease. Of the 889 bacterial isolates tested, 183 showed in vitro inhibition of the pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum. Six isolates were further evaluated for colonization of containerized Spanish oaks (Quercus texana) and live oaks. In general, when injected into the stems, Bacillus species colonized Spanish oaks more extensively than Pseudomonas species; whereas, the opposite was true for live oaks. In containerized live oaks inoculated with the oak wilt pathogen, preinoculation with Pseudomonas denitrificans 1-15 reduced the number of diseased trees by 50% and in the same trial decreased the percentage of crown loss by 17%. In a second trial, no reduction in numbers of diseased trees was observed; however, preinoculation with either strain 1-15 or Pseudomonas putida 5-48 significantly reduced crown loss. These studies indicate that a potential exists for the utilization of selected bacteria to control oak wilt. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA,SO FOREST EXPT STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1994 VL 4 IS 4 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1006/bcon.1994.1047 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA PW024 UT WOS:A1994PW02400009 ER PT J AU PURCELL, MF JACKSON, CG LONG, JP BATCHELOR, MA AF PURCELL, MF JACKSON, CG LONG, JP BATCHELOR, MA TI INFLUENCE OF GUAVA RIPENING ON PARASITISM OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY, BACTROCERA-DORSALIS (HENDEL) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE), BY DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA (ASHMEAD) (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) AND OTHER PARASITOIDS SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BACTROCERA DORSALIS; DIACHASMIMORPHA LONGICAUDATA; BIOSTERES ARISANUS; B-VANDENBOSCHI; PSYTTALIA INCISI; TETRASTICHUS GIFFARDIANUS; GUAVA; PSIDIUM GUAJAVA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; AUGMENTATIVE RELEASE; POPULATION ESTIMATION ID FLIES DIPTERA; KULA AREA; HAWAII; ABUNDANCE; MAUI; KAUAI AB The effects of guava ripening on abundance and parasitism rates of parasitoids of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were determined in three guava (Psidium guajava L.) orchards. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was released in Kilauea, Kauai, and Waiakea, Hawaii. Natural densities of this parasitoid were measured in a third orchard in Panaewa, Hawaii. Fruits ripening on the tree and the ground after abscission of fruit were classified into four categories, ranging from to mature-green to rotten fruit. The egg parasitoid, Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) was the dominant parasitoid emerging from tree-harvested guavas at all sites and composed 90-98% of all parasitoids recovered but decreased in abundance as guava fruit aged on the ground. In all three orchards, D. longicaudata increased in abundance and parasitism rates were highest in guavas that remained on the ground for 6-10 days. Consequently, the impact of this parasitoid is usually underestimated by sampling commercially ripe guava fruit from the tree or freshly fallen fruit on the ground. The eulophid parasitoid, Tetrastichus giffardianus (Silvestri), was more abundant in 4- to 9-day-old ground fruit. We discuss modified sampling methods for population estimation and augmentative release studies of parasitoids of oriental fruit fly. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP PURCELL, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1994 VL 4 IS 4 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1006/bcon.1994.1050 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA PW024 UT WOS:A1994PW02400012 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, CA SHAPIRO, M AF SHEPPARD, CA SHAPIRO, M TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS OF A FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER ON NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS-INFECTED LYMANTRIA-DISPAR (L) LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; BACULOVIRIDAE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MIDGUT PH; HEMOLYMPH PH; NUTRITIONAL INDEXES; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; TINOPAL LPW ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; MIDGUT; INSECTS; PH; K+; SYSTEMS AB Recent studies with gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) show that the fluorescent brightener, Tinopal LPW, acts synergistically with the L. dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV), lowering the 50% lethality concentration of the virus (LC(50)) by 1000-fold. As a continuation of this work, we investigated the effects of ingestion of LdMNPV/Tinopal on larval midgut pH, hemolymph pH, and nutritional indices. Larval feeding for 48 h on diet treated with either LdMNPV or Tinopal did not affect midgut luminal pH, which averaged 10.3. In contrast, after 48 h of larval feeding on LdMNPV/ Tinopal diet, midgut pH averaged 8.5, and frass production, weight gain, and larval nutritional indices were significantly reduced. These effects appeared to be irreversible after the first 24 h of feeding ad libitum on LdMNPV/Tinopal diet, and the reduction in midgut pH was not due to feeding cessation per se. No significant effects on hemolymph pH were detected with any treatment. No treatment effects were observed when ''SITS,'' a related fluorescent brightener, was substituted for Tinopal. The severe biological perturbations resulting from LdMNPV/Tinopal consumption are interpreted in light of current understanding of larval lepidopteran midgut physiology. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1994 VL 4 IS 4 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.1006/bcon.1994.1051 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA PW024 UT WOS:A1994PW02400013 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, CA SHAPIRO, M VAUGHN, JL AF SHEPPARD, CA SHAPIRO, M VAUGHN, JL TI REDUCTION OF MIDGUT LUMINAL PH IN GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE (LYMANTRIA-DISPAR L) FOLLOWING INGESTION OF NUCLEAR OR CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER ON NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL DIETS SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; BACULOVIRUS; CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; MIDGUT PH; TINOPAL LPW; HEMOLYMPH PH ID LEPIDOPTERA; BACULOVIRUS; HOST; VIRUS AB When larval gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) ingest polyhedra of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) in combination with the fluorescent brightener, Tinopal LPW, midgut luminal pH drops from the normal alkaline range (ca. 10.0-10.5) to values near neutrality, and larval feeding stops. Once manifested, these effects appear to be irreversible and high larval mortality results. In the current study, we determined dose-dependent effects of LdMNPV/Tinopal ingestion on gut appearance, midgut luminal pH, and larval weight in gypsy moths reared on artificial diet. We also investigated the effect of host plant on the LdMNPV/Tinopal system, by rearing larvae exclusively on red oak foliage that had been treated with Tinopal and varying concentrations of LdMNPV. We found that treatment-associated changes in gut appearance and midgut luminal pH were similar to those observed in larvae reared on artificial diet, and larval survivorship curves were dose-dependent. In separate experiments, gypsy moth larvae were fed diet treated with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (LdCPV), which undergoes early replication in midgut epithelial cells. Larval infection, as diagnosed by a change in gut tissue color from the normal tan to white, occurred concomitantly with a significant reduction in midgut luminal pH, and this phenomenon was advanced in larvae fed LdCPV/Tinopal vs. LdCPV alone. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1994 VL 4 IS 4 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1006/bcon.1994.1052 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA PW024 UT WOS:A1994PW02400014 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA WEN, JP OBRIEN, KO STUFF, JE LIANG, LK AF ABRAMS, SA WEN, JP OBRIEN, KO STUFF, JE LIANG, LK TI APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC-SECTOR THERMAL IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY TO STUDIES OF ERYTHROCYTE IRON INCORPORATION IN SMALL CHILDREN SO BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; INFANTS; FE-58 AB The optimal evaluation of iron metabolism requires the administration of two isotopes of iron, However, high-precision measurement of isotopic ratios from blood samples obtained after administration of two stable isotopes of iron to human subjects has not previously been reported, Using a cation-exchange system to isolate iron from blood samples, we found that high-precision (<0.2%) measurements of Fe-58/Fe-56 and Fe-57/Fe-56 could be performed using magnetic sector thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Clinical studies in four 1-year-old infants showed that this technique could be used to demonstrate a lower rate of iron absorption in small children given an iron supplement (Fe-57) with milk compared to those given iron (Fe-58 and ferrous sulfate) with ascorbic acid, This technique will enable the evaluation of iron metabolism in populations in whom the use of radioactive iron tracers is not appropriate. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,US ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9306 J9 BIOL MASS SPECTROM JI Biol. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 12 BP 771 EP 775 DI 10.1002/bms.1200231209 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Spectroscopy GA PX594 UT WOS:A1994PX59400008 PM 7841211 ER PT J AU UTHUS, EO AF UTHUS, EO TI DIETHYL MALEATE, AN IN-VIVO CHEMICAL DEPLETOR OF GLUTATHIONE, AFFECTS THE RESPONSE OF MALE AND FEMALE RATS TO ARSENIC DEPRIVATION SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ARSENIC DEPRIVATION; ARSENIC ESSENTIALITY; GENDER; DIETHYL MALEATE; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM ID NEPHROCALCINOSIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEFICIENCY; GROWTH AB An experiment was performed to determine the effect of diethyl maleate (DEM), an in vivo depletor of glutathione, on the response of male and female rats to arsenic deprivation. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment used groups of six weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Dietary variables were arsenic at 0 or 0.5 mu g/g and DEM at 0 or 0.25%; the third variable was gender. Animals were fed for 10 wk a casein-ground corn based diet that contained amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium similar to the AIN-76 diet. DEM supplementation increased blood arsenic in both male and female rats; female rats had the greatest amount of arsenic in whole blood. Although female rats in general had a lower concentration of glutathione in liver, those fed no supplemental DEM, regardless of their arsenic status, had the lowest amounts. Compared to males, female rats had a lower activity of liver glutathione S-transferase (GST). Arsenic deprivation decreased, and DEM supplementation increased liver GST activity in both male and female rats. Lung GST activity was also increased by DEM supplementation in male, but not female, rats. The most striking finding of the study was that compared to males, females had extremely elevated kidney calcium concentrations, and that the elevation was exacerbated by arsenic deprivation. DEM supplementation also exacerbated the accumulation of calcium in the kidney of the female rats. The response of the rat to both DEM and arsenic was, for many variables, dependent on gender. This gender dependence may be explained by the differences in methionine metabolism between male and female rats. Thus, arsenic deprivation apparently can manifest itself differently depending on gender. RP UTHUS, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, POB 9034, GRAND FORKS, ND 58202 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 46 IS 3 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1007/BF02789300 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PZ784 UT WOS:A1994PZ78400005 PM 7702979 ER PT J AU FISCHER, CR JANOS, DP PERRY, DA LINDERMAN, RG AF FISCHER, CR JANOS, DP PERRY, DA LINDERMAN, RG TI MYCORRHIZA INOCULUM POTENTIALS IN TROPICAL SECONDARY SUCCESSION SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE GLOMALES; LOWLAND HUMID TROPICS; MYCORRHIZA INOCULUM POTENTIAL; PASTURE; PSIDIUM-GUAJAVA; REFORESTATION; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; SOIL; FUNGI; PLANTS; INFECTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; HYPHAE AB Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae can be indispensable for establishment and growth of tree seedlings in infertile lowland wet tropical soils. Persistence of mycorrhizal fungi after disturbance, however, is problematic to assess. We used a greenhouse bioassay employing Psidium guajava L. and Allium cepa L. to estimate the most probable number of mycorrhizal fungus propagules in two Costa Rican soils (Oxic Dystropepts) with different vegetation histories. We collected soils at the La Selva Biological Station from sites in secondary forest, abandoned pasture, and plots kept bare of vegetation for four and six years. Both bioassay hosts yielded positively correlated estimates of mycorrhiza propagule numbers. Median propagule estimates per 100 gm dry soil for the pasture site are 57 and 63; these estimates significantly exceed those for the other sites which range from 0.2 to 10 for bare plots and were estimated to be 0.6 and 10 for secondary forest. These bioassay estimates are positively correlated (Pearson r = 0.66 and 0.72) with counts of whole spores in these soils, but not with counts of sporocarps, spore clusters, or the most numerous, spores apparently empty of cytoplasmic contents or parasitized. Growth of both bioassay hosts in pasture soil significantly exceeded growth in soils from the other three sites in accord with the bioassays and whole spore counts. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV MIAMI,DEPT BIOL,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RI Janos, David/B-2264-2008 OI Janos, David/0000-0002-3877-0110 NR 47 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 18 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.2307/2389230 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QF434 UT WOS:A1994QF43400003 ER PT J AU PADRO, J MASSMAN, WJ SHAW, RH DELANY, A ONCLEY, SP AF PADRO, J MASSMAN, WJ SHAW, RH DELANY, A ONCLEY, SP TI A COMPARISON OF SOME AERODYNAMIC RESISTANCE METHODS USING MEASUREMENTS OVER COTTON AND GRASS FROM THE 1991 CALIFORNIA OZONE DEPOSITION EXPERIMENT SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRY DEPOSITION; FLUX; LAYER AB Measurements of dry deposition velocities (V(d)) of O3 (using the eddy correlation technique) made over a cotton field and senescent grass near Fresno California during July and August 1991 were used to test some dry deposition velocity models. Over the cotton field, the observed maximum daytime V(d) was about 0.8 cm s-1 and the average nighttime value was about 0.2 cm s-1. Over the grass, daytime values averaged about 0.2 cm s-1 and nighttime values about 0.05 cm s-1. Application of a site-specific model known as ADOM (Acid Deposition and Oxidant Model) over the cotton field generally overestimated the observations except for a few hours in the afternoon when the observations were underestimated. The overestimation was attributed to inadequacies in the surface resistance formulation and the underestimation to uncertainties in the aerodynamic formulation. Unlike previous studies which focused on the role of surface resistance, we perform additional tests using a large variety of aerodynamic resistance formulae, in addition to those in ADOM, to determine their influence on the modelled V(d) of O3 over cotton. Over grass, ADOM considerably overestimated the observations but showed improvement when other surface resistance formulations were applied. C1 US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NCAR,BOULDER,CO 80307. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP PADRO, J (reprint author), ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,4905 DUFFERIN,DOWNSVIEW,ON M3H 5T4,CANADA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1007/BF00712174 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QD641 UT WOS:A1994QD64100001 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, CH PELTON, MR AF GREENBERG, CH PELTON, MR TI HOME-RANGE AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS BY GRAY FOXES, UROCYON CINEREOARGENTEUS (CARNIVORA, CANIDAE), IN EAST TENNESSEE SO BRIMLEYANA LA English DT Article AB We determined home-range size, spatial distribution, and activity patterns of gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) (N = 10) between September 1986 and August 1987 in east Tennessee. Average annual home-range size was 3.97 +/- 1.51 (($) over bar x +/- SE) km(2). There were no significant differences in home-range size between sexes (females 3.67 +/- 1.54; males 4.27 +/- 1.59 km(2)) or age groups (adults 4.41 +/- 1.46; subadults 3.20 +/- 1.62 km(2)). Home-range sizes were similar in three reproductive seasons and in seasons of predominantly fruit (presumably abundant) and predominantly flesh (presumably more scarce) diets. Home ranges of adult male-female pairs and subadults coincided, suggesting monogamy and exclusive area utilization by family groups. We observed lower sunrise and/or daylight activity levels during breeding and flesh diet seasons, and in months of low foliar cover. C1 USDA ARS,SE FOREST EXPT STN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE MUSEUM NATIONAL SCIENCES PI RALEIGH PA DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NATURAL RESOURCES, PO BOX 29555, RALEIGH, NC 27626 SN 0193-4406 J9 BRIMLEYANA JI Brimleyana PD DEC PY 1994 IS 21 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QV987 UT WOS:A1994QV98700013 ER PT J AU DAVIS, TA NGUYEN, HV GARCIABRAVO, R FIOROTTO, ML JACKSON, EM REEDS, PJ AF DAVIS, TA NGUYEN, HV GARCIABRAVO, R FIOROTTO, ML JACKSON, EM REEDS, PJ TI AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION OF THE MILK OF SOME MAMMALIAN-SPECIES CHANGES WITH STAGE OF LACTATION SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MILK COMPOSITION; NEONATAL NUTRITION; LACTATION ID PROTEIN; PERFORMANCE; INFANTS AB To determine whether the amino acid composition of milk changes during lactation, we compared the amino acid pattern (concentration of each individual amino acid relative to the total amino acid concentration) of colostrum with that of mature milk in six mammalian species. In the human, horse, pig and cow, the pattern of amino acids changed between colostrum and mature milk: glutamate, proline, methionine, isoleucine and lysine increased; cystine, glycine, serine, threonine and alanine decreased. In these four species, the total amino acid concentration also decreased 75% between colostrum and mature milli. In the baboon (Papio cynocephalus anubis and Papio cynocephalus anubis/Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), however, there was little change in the pattern of amino acids between colostrum and mature milk, and total amino acid concentration decreased only about 25% between colostrum and mature milli. Mature milk rather than colostrum was the most similar among the three primates in both amino acid pattern and total amino acid concentration. We conclude, in those species in which total amino acid concentrations decline substantially between colostrum and mature milk, amino acid patterns also change. The presence of a change in amino acid pattern and total amino acid concentration during lactation appears to be unrelated to phylogenetic order. C1 SW FDN BIOMED RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. RP DAVIS, TA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 6 BP 845 EP 853 DI 10.1079/BJN19940089 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QA567 UT WOS:A1994QA56700006 PM 7827005 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, WS ARIAS, MC SHIMANUKI, H AF SHEPPARD, WS ARIAS, MC SHIMANUKI, H TI DETERMINATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA HAPLOTYPES FROM STING REMNANTS OF THE HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN; BEES AB Africanized honeybees are presently expanding their geographic range within the USA and are considered undesirable due to their substantial defensive behaviour. Africanized honeybees can be differentiated from honeybees of European ancestry using discriminant analysis of morphological characters, based on a minimum of ten intact specimens per colony. In this paper we report a PCR-based method suitable for the identification of African or European mtDNA from sting remnants, such as typically remain on victims following a stinging incident. We experimentally simulated collection and shipment conditions with dried and alcohol preservation of stings, and also report that the method was suitable for sting remnants stored with a victim sample for over one year in alcohol. The determination of mtDNA haplotypes from stinger remnants must be tempered by the constraints inherent in interpretation of mtDNA haplotype data. Such data do not provide any information regarding the genetic contribution of the paternal lineage. However, in geographic areas where baseline information regarding European haplotype frequencies is known, the detection of a different mtDNA haplotype in stingers from a victim, especially when associated with observations of extreme defensive behaviour, would certainly be suggestive of Africanization. RP SHEPPARD, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Arias, Maria/A-1965-2015; OI Arias, Maria/0000-0003-1477-101X NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 84 IS 4 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QU933 UT WOS:A1994QU93300016 ER PT J AU BOROSKI, BB MCGLAUGHLIN, PL AF BOROSKI, BB MCGLAUGHLIN, PL TI AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR CAPTURING SWIMMING DEER SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB We developed a technique to capture Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) swimming in Clair Engle Reservoir in Trinity County, California. The materials required were inexpensive and readily available. Construction can be accomplished within 30 minutes, and three people can execute the technique. Pursuit time was less than 2 minutes and handling time of deer captured to attach radio-collars averaged 5.5 minutes (n = 8, SE = 0.6). The probability of pseudoreplicated data sets was reduced by capturing deer from groups moving independently of one another. The technique is an efficient method for capturing deer to attach radio-collars or ear-tags in areas where deer swim waterways. RP BOROSKI, BB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2081 E SIERRA AVE,FRESNO,CA 93710, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 1994 VL 80 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA PX135 UT WOS:A1994PX13500004 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, DR AF HENDERSON, DR TI MEASURING AND ASSESSING VERTICAL TIES IN THE AGROFOOD SYSTEM SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D ECONOMIE RURALE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Agricultural-Economics-and-Farm-Management-Society: Changing Land Tenure - Who Owns the Farm CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL REGINA, CANADA SP Canadian Agr Econ & Farm Management Soc ID APPROPRIABLE RENTS; INTEGRATION; COSTS AB This paper examines the extent to which the concept of vertical coordination in the agro-food sector lends itself to specification or measurement in a manner that is analytically useful. Based on a combination of theory and empirical evidence, it is suggested that vertical organization can be specified as a parameter, variable in degree of control by principal over agent. Such a specification has potential application in analytical models concerned with what gives rise to vertical ties and/or their economic consequences. Drawing principally on the concepts of transactions costs, factor price distortion, and vertical restraint analytical attention is directed to the economic incentives for, and performance implications of the use of linkages other than spot market transactions for coordinating vertically interdependent stages in the food chain. Research challenges are identified. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP HENDERSON, DR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,MKT ECON BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN AGR ECON & FARM MANAGEMENT SOC PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST SUITE 907, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Econ. Rural. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 549 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.1994.tb00049.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA RF332 UT WOS:A1994RF33200014 ER PT J AU EGLEY, GH AF EGLEY, GH TI SUBSTRATE SURFACE INFLUENCES UPON GERMINATION OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM CONIDIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE COLLETOTRICHUM TRUNCATUM; CONIDIA GERMINATION; THIGMOTROPISM; SUBSTRATE ID APPRESSORIUM FORMATION; INVERT EMULSION; MYCOHERBICIDE; ADHESION; FUNGUS AB Substrates influenced germination of conidia of the mycoherbicide, Colletotrichum truncatum. Very few (<10%) conidia germinated when incubated while suspended in water or when incubated on or in partially liquefied agar. Many (>70%) were induced to germinate when incubated on firm agar. The percentage of germinated conidia increased as agar firmness increased. Not all solid substrates equally influenced germination. Over 50% of the conidia germinated on chromatography paper, cellulose acetate filter, or on hard (plastic cover slip) substrates. In contrast, germination was relatively poor on cellulose nitrate filter and glass cover slips. Some natural substrates of dissimilar texture (wood, live plant leaf) produced good germination. Lower O-2 levels or limited gas exchange for submerged conidia did not prevent germination because many conidia germinated while submerged on or between firm substrates. Subjecting conidia to motion during incubation between glass cover slips favored germ tube production rather than appressoria formation. Evidence suggests a positive germination response of C. truncatum conidia to solid substrates that occurs prior to the well-documented thigmotropic response of germ tubes of germinated conidia. RP EGLEY, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1758 EP 1765 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QK791 UT WOS:A1994QK79100004 ER PT J AU MEGREY, BA HOLLOWED, AB BALDWIN, RT AF MEGREY, BA HOLLOWED, AB BALDWIN, RT TI SENSITIVITY OF OPTIMUM HARVEST STRATEGY ESTIMATES TO ALTERNATIVE DEFINITIONS OF RISK SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL; YIELD AB A stochastic age-structured bioeconomic simulation model was developed as a tool for evaluating economic returns to a fishery from alternative harvest policies. The model, which was applied to the Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fishery, combines the dual goals of protection of the base stock and efficient use of the public resource into an explicit objective function. This paper presents the results of several experiments in which the simulation model is used to examine the sensitivity of the optimum harvest strategy estimates to alternative definitions of risk and assumptions regarding recruitment. Alternative definitions of risk consider assumptions about stock productivity, threshold biomass, economic factors, and hybrid formulations. The bioeconomic extension of the population dynamics model is used to quantify differences in the estimates of optimum fishing mortality obtained from the different risk definitions. Model results demonstrate that estimates of optimal fishing mortality and economic return to the fishery are sensitive to the specific definition of risk used to manage the fishery. The recruitment assumption turned out to be more important to optimum harvest strategy estimates than did risk definitions. C1 US FOREST SERV,ALASKA REG OFF,JUNEAU,AK 99802. RP MEGREY, BA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2695 EP 2704 DI 10.1139/f94-269 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RD718 UT WOS:A1994RD71800007 ER PT J AU MORRELL, JJ FORSYTH, PG THIES, WG AF MORRELL, JJ FORSYTH, PG THIES, WG TI DISTRIBUTION OF METHYLISOTHIOCYANATE AND CHLOROPICRIN IN BOLES OR ROOTS OF DOUGLAS-FIR TREES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FUMIGANTS CHLOROPICRIN; HEARTWOOD; VORLEX; WOOD AB The distribution of the fumigants methylisothiocyanate (MITC), Vorlex, and chloropicrin, used to control Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb., was assessed 10 years after application to sites near the bases of living Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). MITC was detected up to 8 m above the original application site, and fumigants were present at the highest levels near the pith of the tree. MITC was detectable as far as 2.1 m down the roots in trees treated with the largest dosage, and Vorlex was detectable 1.5 m from the application site. Levels of chloropicrin were generally greater than levels of MITC or Vorlex, but chloropicrin was detected only up to 3 m above the application site; lower water solubility probably accounted for the restricted diffusion of this chemical. The results indicate that fumigants can diffuse for considerable distances through Douglas-fir boles and roots. Further studies are underway to establish the efficacy of the concentrations measured in these trees. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP MORRELL, JJ (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2324 EP 2329 DI 10.1139/x94-300 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QH581 UT WOS:A1994QH58100002 ER PT J AU DONAHUE, RA DAVIS, TD MICHLER, CH RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE CARTER, DR MARQUARDT, PE SANKHLA, N SANKHLA, D HAISSIG, BE ISEBRANDS, JG AF DONAHUE, RA DAVIS, TD MICHLER, CH RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE CARTER, DR MARQUARDT, PE SANKHLA, N SANKHLA, D HAISSIG, BE ISEBRANDS, JG TI GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND HERBICIDE TOLERANCE OF GENETICALLY-MODIFIED HYBRID POPLAR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GLYPHOSATE TOLERANCE; PLANTS; AGROBACTERIUM; RESISTANCE; GENE AB Hybrid poplar clone NC-5339 (Populus alba X Populus grandidentata cv. Crandon) was genetically modified for glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) tolerance by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with genetic constructs (pPMG 85/587 and pCGN 1107) that included the mutant aroA gene for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase (EC 2.5.1.19) and the neomycin phosphotransferase selectable marker gene. pCGN 1107 also harbored the coding sequence for a chloroplast transit peptide and the CaMV 35S promoter fused to the mutant aroA gene. Transformants were selected for kanamycin tolerance, and integration of the aroA gene was verified by Southern blot analysis. Cuttings of NC-5339 and the derived transformants were rooted and grown in glasshouses at separate locations, with maximum photosynthetic photon flux density of 1600 and 750 mu mol . m(-2). s(-1). Productivity was assessed by growth studies and photosynthesis measurements at both locations. Glyphosate tolerance was tested by (i) measurement of chlorophyll concentration in herbicide-treated leaf discs and (ii) whole-plant spray tests. Plants transformed with construct pCGN 1107 were the most herbicide tolerant. Perhaps high-level expression of the aroA gene by the CaMV 35S promoter, transport of mutant EPSP synthase into the chloroplasts, or both facilitated glyphosate tolerance. Plants grown at higher photosynthetic photon flux densities (1600 vs. 750 mu mol . m(-2). s(-1)) had significantly higher maximum net photosynthesis (19.8 vs. 16.2 mu mol . m(-2). s(-1)) and more biomass accumulation (47.6 vs. 33.7 g). However, there were no significant differences between NC-5339 and transformants within location for net photosynthesis or any growth parameter. Genetic modification of hybrid poplar NC-5339 for glyphosate tolerance did not adversely affect plant productivity at either location. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR RES & EXTENS,DALLAS,TX 75252. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. CENT CONNECTICUT STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEW BRITAIN,CT 06050. JN VYAS UNIV,DEPT BOT,JODHPUR 342001,RAJASTHAN,INDIA. RP DONAHUE, RA (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2377 EP 2383 DI 10.1139/x94-306 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QH581 UT WOS:A1994QH58100008 ER PT J AU LUOMA, DL THIES, WG AF LUOMA, DL THIES, WG TI EFFECTS OF LIVE TREE FUMIGATION ON NONTARGET VEGETATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FUMIGANTS CHLOROPICRIN; METHYLISOTHIOCYANATE; VORLEX AB Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees, both healthy and infected by Inonotus sulphurascens (Pilat) M.J. Larsen, F.F. Lombard, and J.W. Clark (Phellinus weirii sensu lato), were fumigated with chloropicrin or methylisothiocyanate at a site in the Oregon Coast Range. Ten growing seasons later, vegetation cover on plots around treated and untreated individuals was evaluated to determine fumigant effects on nontarget plants. Total plant cover and individual species cover for Berberis nervosa Pursh and Stokesiella oregana (Sull.) Robins were significantly reduced in the chloropicrin treatment plots. The dominant shrub, Gaultheria shallon Pursh, was little affected in chloropicrin plots. Slightly greater species richness and Rubus ursinus Cham. and Schlecht. cover in chloropicrin plots were attributed to higher light levels and other factors associated with reduced shrub cover on the treated plots. Multivariate analysis showed little overlap in plant community structure between chloropicrin-treated and control plots. Detection of effects due to the methylisothiocyanate treatment was hindered by the lack of strictly paired control trees. The results are discussed in relation to the retrospective nature of the study. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP LUOMA, DL (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2384 EP 2389 DI 10.1139/x94-307 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QH581 UT WOS:A1994QH58100009 ER PT J AU NAKAMURA, F SWANSON, FJ AF NAKAMURA, F SWANSON, FJ TI DISTRIBUTION OF COARSE WOODY DEBRIS IN A MOUNTAIN STREAM, WESTERN CASCADE RANGE, OREGON SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY AB The distribution of coarse woody debris in a fifth-order Cascade Range (Oregon) stream system was examined from a geomorphic point of view. The number, volume, location, orientation, decay class, and pool formation roles of coarse woody debris were investigated. The processes of coarse woody debris production, transport, and storage, which vary with channel and valley floor geomorphology, are responsible for the pattern of coarse woody debris distribution on valley floors. Channel width and sinuosity are the main factors that control production, storage sites, and hydrologic effects of coarse woody debris. The amount of coarse woody debris and the number of pool-forming pieces are relatively high in wide, sinuous reaches, where a complex structure of floodplains and riparian forests develops in association with a braided channel pattern. These relations are transferable to other systems with similar relations of coarse woody debris piece length to channel width. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RI Nakamura, Futoshi/A-6696-2012; OI Nakamura, Futoshi/0000-0003-4351-2578 NR 17 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2395 EP 2403 DI 10.1139/x94-309 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QH581 UT WOS:A1994QH58100011 ER PT J AU BARBOUR, RJ FAYLE, DCF CHAURET, G COOK, J KARSH, MB RAN, SK AF BARBOUR, RJ FAYLE, DCF CHAURET, G COOK, J KARSH, MB RAN, SK TI BREAST-HEIGHT RELATIVE DENSITY AND RADIAL GROWTH IN MATURE JACK PINE (PINUS-BANKSIANA) FOR 38 YEARS AFTER THINNING SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Sawlogs are in short supply in northern Ontario, and thinning has been suggested as one way to improve the situation. The only rotation-age jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) thinning trial in the region was examined to assess how commercial thinning influenced wood quality. This report covers an unreplicated trial of a 65-year chronology of pith to bark relative densities and growth rates based on X-ray densitometry of breast-height increment cores taken from trees on two thinned plots (average spacing 2.6 and 3.4 m) and an unthinned control (average spacing 1.7 m). The trees on the treatment plots responded to thinning by producing wood with significantly lower relative density than those on the control plot. This trend continued much longer than reported for other pines and could negatively affect pulp yield or mechanical properties of lumber. Enhanced earlywood growth caused a drop in the proportion of latewood that resulted in the decline in density. Thinning may have improved moisture availability during the early and middle season and encouraged earlywood growth. Density and growth rate differences became apparent soon after treatment. Early, rapid, and inexpensive estimates of the product potential of younger thinning trials are possible using the techniques demonstrated here. C1 UNIV TORONTO,FAC FORESTRY,TORONTO,ON M5S 3B3,CANADA. FORINTEK CANADA CORP,OTTAWA,ON K1G 3Z5,CANADA. FORINTEK CANADA CORP,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1W5,CANADA. RP BARBOUR, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2439 EP 2447 DI 10.1139/x94-315 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QH581 UT WOS:A1994QH58100017 ER PT J AU SHELTON, MG MURPHY, PA AF SHELTON, MG MURPHY, PA TI LOBLOLLY-PINE REGENERATION AND COMPETING VEGETATION 5 YEARS AFTER IMPLEMENTING UNEVEN-AGED SILVICULTURE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB The effects of three basal areas (9.2, 13.8, and 18.4 m(2)/ha), maximum diameters (30.5, 40.6, and 50.8 cm), and site indices (less than or equal to 24.6, 24.7-27.4, and greater than or equal to 27.5 m at 50 years) on establishment and development of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) regeneration and competing vegetation were determined on 81 permanent, 0.20-ha plots in south Arkansas and north Louisiana. Plots were harvested to the designated basal areas, maximum diameters, and a q-factor of 1.2 using the single-tree selection method during 1983 (a bumper seed year) and 1985 (a seed year failure); this necessitated including the year of harvest as a fourth variable. Pine regeneration and competing vegetation were evaluated 4 or 5 years after treatment. Models were developed to predict the number and percent stocking of pine seedlings and saplings and the percent coverage of competing vegetation. Fit indices ranged from 0.21 to 0.52 for pine regeneration and from 0.15 to 0.73 for coverage of competing vegetation. Pine regeneration was generally greatest for the 1983 harvest, the largest maximum diameters, and the poorest sites. Coverage for vines, hardwoods, and total vegetation was greatest on the good sites and generally for the lowest basal areas. Coverage of grasses, herbs, and shrubs did not vary significantly among treatments. Results suggest that seed production and competing vegetation influence the initial amounts of loblolly pine regeneration obtained with uneven-aged silviculture using single-tree selection. RP SHELTON, MG (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,BOX 3516,MONTICELLO,AR 71656, USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2448 EP 2458 DI 10.1139/x94-316 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QH581 UT WOS:A1994QH58100018 ER PT J AU NOWAKTHOMPSON, B GOULD, SJ KRAUS, J LOPER, JE AF NOWAKTHOMPSON, B GOULD, SJ KRAUS, J LOPER, JE TI PRODUCTION OF 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL BY THE BIOCONTROL AGENT PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS PF-5 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS; BIOCONTROL ID COTTON SEEDLINGS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; DAMPING-OFF; AUREOFACIENS; SUPPRESSION; INHIBITION; TRITICI; ANTIBIOTICS; DISEASE AB 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol was detected in and isolated from culture extracts of the biological control bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Its structure was identified using a combination of chromatographic techniques and NMR spectroscopic methods. Carbon source influenced 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production by Pf-5 in culture media. 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol inhibited growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani, and the plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovara subsp. atroceptica, which cause diseases that are suppressed by strain Pf-5. The results of this study provide further evidence for the prevalence of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production among strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens that suppress plant diseases. C1 US ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 23 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1064 EP 1066 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA QE877 UT WOS:A1994QE87700011 ER PT J AU VANBALLENBERGHE, V BALLARD, WB AF VANBALLENBERGHE, V BALLARD, WB TI LIMITATION AND REGULATION OF MOOSE POPULATIONS - THE ROLE OF PREDATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WOLF PREDATION; DYNAMICS; DEER AB An improved understanding of factors limiting and regulating ungulate populations is vital for sound management, especially with regard to controversial factors like predation. We examine the claim that evidence is weak for predation acting as a major factor limiting or regulating moose (Alces alces) populations in North America. Biologists have been inconsistent in defining limitation and regulation, have used these terms interchangeably, and have incorrectly assumed that major limiting factors regulate moose density. Empirical evidence indicates that many moose populations preyed on by both bears (Ursus arctos and U. americana) and wolves (Canis lupus) persist at densities much lower than K/2 when human influence is minimal. Under these conditions, reduction of predator numbers often results in increased moose density. Reduction of moose from high densities with predators held constant results in inversely density-dependent (anti-regulatory) predation and low moose densities for prolonged periods. In ecosystems lacking bears, or in those subject to substantial human influence, predation may not be a major limiting factor, may vary greatly in its impact, and may be overshadowed by interactions among moose, forage, weather, and hunting that primarily determine moose density. We conclude that in naturally regulated ecosystems, predation on moose by bears and wolves is often limiting and may be regulating, and we identify the conditions necessary for this to occur. C1 UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK, DEPT FOREST RESOURCES, FREDERICTON, NB E3B 6C2, CANADA. RP VANBALLENBERGHE, V (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, 3301 C ST, SUITE 200, ANCHORAGE, AK 99503 USA. NR 40 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2071 EP 2077 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QW005 UT WOS:A1994QW00500001 ER PT J AU BOWYER, RT VANBALLENBERGHE, V ROCK, KR AF BOWYER, RT VANBALLENBERGHE, V ROCK, KR TI SCENT MARKING BY ALASKAN MOOSE - CHARACTERISTICS AND SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF RUBBED TREES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS-COLUMBIANUS; BULL MOOSE; URINATION; GLANDS AB We studied scent marking (rubbing of trees) in Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas) in interior Alaska during 1989. Pole-sized trees were stripped of bark and rubbed by adult female and adult male moose; marking by females occurred during the peak of rut (late September - early October) when most females were in estrus, whereas marking by males was in late rut (mid-October - November). Moose selected white spruce (Picea glauca) as well as trees with particular physical characteristics for marking. The tops of 18.5% of 54 trees marked by moose were dead, whereas only 0.5% of 201 trees available for marking had dead tops. The distribution of scent-marked trees on rutting grounds was not spatially clumped. We hypothesize that rubbing of trees by females advertises their estrus, and that rubbing by males late in rut serves to attract females not successfully bred early in rut and may help prime estrus in these females. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP BOWYER, RT (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST ARCTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 64 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2186 EP 2192 DI 10.1139/z94-292 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QW005 UT WOS:A1994QW00500016 ER PT J AU SINHA, R ROTHMAN, N BROWN, ED MARK, SD HOOVER, RN CAPORASO, NE LEVANDER, OA KNIZE, MG LANG, NP KADLUBAR, FF AF SINHA, R ROTHMAN, N BROWN, ED MARK, SD HOOVER, RN CAPORASO, NE LEVANDER, OA KNIZE, MG LANG, NP KADLUBAR, FF TI PAN-FRIED MEAT CONTAINING HIGH-LEVELS OF HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC-AMINES BUT LOW-LEVELS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS INDUCES CYTOCHROME P4501A2 ACTIVITY IN HUMANS SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN HEPATIC MICROSOMES; CHARCOAL-BROILED BEEF; COOKED FOOD; METABOLIC POLYMORPHISMS; CARCINOGENIC ARYLAMINES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; HUMAN-LIVER; RAT-LIVER; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION AB Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are formed when meat juices are pyrolyzed. In humans HAAs are activated in vivo by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) to mutagens or carcinogens. While activity of NAT2 is noninducible, exposure to cigarettes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and cruciferous vegetables has been shown to induce CYP1A2 activity in humans. To date, it is unknown if pan-fried meat, which is consumed at high levels in the United States, is capable of inducing CYP1A2. In order to address this issue, we measured CYP1A2 and NAT2 activities in 66 healthy nonsmokers (33 males and 33 females) in a controlled metabolic feeding study. The study was designed to minimize the influence of known inducers of CYP1A2. Subjects consumed meat pan-fried at a low temperature (100 degrees C) for 7 days followed by 7 days of meat pan-fried at a high temperature (250 degrees C) The low temperature-cooked meat had undetectable levels of HAAs while the high temperature-cooked meat contained high amounts of HAAs [9.0 ng/g of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2.1 ng/g of 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx), and 32.8 ng/g of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)]. In contrast, total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content was similar in both meat samples (10.7 ng/g in low temperature-cooked meat and 10.1 ng/g in high temperature-cooked meat). At the end of each period, subjects were tested for CYP1A2 and NAT2 enzyme activity by caffeine metabolism phenotyping. NAT2 activity remained unchanged throughout the study while CYP1A2 activity increased in 47 of 65 (72%) of the subjects after consuming high temperature-cooked meat (P < 0.0002), suggesting induction by some compound(s) formed during high temperature cooking. If HAAs are shown to be human carcinogens in epidemiological studies, then meat cooked at high temperatures may pose an increased cancer risk because it contains both inducers of CYP1A2 and procarcinogens MeIQx, DiMeIQx, and PhIP known to be activated by this enzyme. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, NUTR REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DIV BIOMED SCI, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP, ARKANSAS CANC RES CTR, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72205 USA. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. RP SINHA, R (reprint author), NCI, ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT PROGRAM, EXECUTIVE PLAZA N, ROOM 443, ROCKVILLE, MD 20892 USA. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CP2-0523-01, Y01-CP3-0553, Y01-CP2-0521] NR 49 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 54 IS 23 BP 6154 EP 6159 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA PU942 UT WOS:A1994PU94200030 PM 7954461 ER PT J AU SIMANTON, JR TOY, TJ AF SIMANTON, JR TOY, TJ TI THE RELATION BETWEEN SURFACE ROCK-FRAGMENT COVER AND SEMIARID HILLSLOPE PROFILE MORPHOLOGY SO CATENA LA English DT Article ID OVERLAND-FLOW; SEDIMENT; RAINFALL; DESERT AB Rock-fragment covers veneer hillslopes in many parts of the world and influence the operation of hydrologic and geomorphic processes on those surfaces. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the spatial variability of rock-fragment cover on morphological units of hillslopes in southeastern Arizona, U.S.A. Simple statistical models, based upon hillslope gradient as well as a soil-slope factor (SSF) were developed and validated for the estimation of percent rock-fragment covers (RFc) on these units. Although reasonably accurate estimates were made using either hillslope gradient or the SSF, it appears more efficient to utilize hillslope gradient alone. Likewise, reasonably accurate estimates of RFc can be made using either a composite model for the entire hillslope or unit-specific models; however, it appears more efficient to utilize the gradient composite model. C1 UNIV DENVER,DEPT GEOG,DENVER,CO 80208. RP SIMANTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0341-8162(94)90069-8 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA QD301 UT WOS:A1994QD30100002 ER PT J AU GAN, J YATES, SR ANDERSON, MA SPENCER, WF ERNST, FF YATES, MV AF GAN, J YATES, SR ANDERSON, MA SPENCER, WF ERNST, FF YATES, MV TI EFFECT OF SOIL PROPERTIES OF DEGRADATION AND SORPTION OF METHYL-BROMIDE IN SOIL SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID IONIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TRANSFORMATION; HYDROLYSIS; ADSORPTION; EQUILIBRIA; TRANSPORT; CLAYS AB Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is currently the most widely used soil fumigant, and its emission into the atmosphere after application reportedly contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Irreversible degradation and partially reversible sorption reactions affect the quantity of this fumigant reaching the soil surface and escaping into the atmosphere. Incubation studies in closed headspace vials under controlled conditions showed that degradation of CH3Br was highly dependent on soil organic matter content, and to a lesser extent, on the moisture level in the soil. Methylation of CH3Br on organic matter was suggested to be the major reaction that CH3Br undergoes in the soil environment. Other soil constituents such as clay did not contribute to the degradation under moist or air-dried conditions, though enhanced degradation was observed on oven-dried montmorillonite and kaolinite clays. Within soil profiles, degradation of CH3Br decreased with soil depth mainly due to the reduction of soil organic matter content with depth. In both Greenfield and Wasco sandy loams, the degradation rate of CH3Br in soil layers from 0 to 270 cm could be estimated from soil organic matter content. Sorption of CH3Br on moist soils was generally limited, and varied with soil depth. The degree of sorption could be predicted from soil moisture alone or soil moisture and organic matter content. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP GAN, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,USSL,PESTICIDE & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 28 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2685 EP 2700 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90067-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QC152 UT WOS:A1994QC15200017 ER PT J AU LAIRD, DA DOWDY, RH AF LAIRD, DA DOWDY, RH TI SIMULTANEOUS MINERALOGICAL QUANTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL CLAYS SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE CHEMISTRY; ILLITE; MASS-BALANCE; PROTOILLITE; QUANTIFY; SMECTITE ID MIXTURES; XRD AB A new chemical mass balance technique has been developed for simultaneous mineralogical quantification and chemical characterization of soil clays. The procedure includes separation of the whole clay (<2 mum fraction), into six particle size fractions (<0.02, <0.06, <0.02-0.06, 0.06-0.2, and 0.2-2 mum fractions), chemical analysis of the whole clay and each of the six fractions, and fitting of a nonlinear chemical mass balance model to the chemical analyses. As written, the chemical mass balance model is valid only for samples containing mixtures of quartz, kaolinite, illite, and mixed-layered smectite-illite. Samples containing carbonates and free iron compounds may be analyzed using the technique if these phases are chemically removed prior to particle size fractionation. Accuracy of the new technique was tested using synthetic data and found to depend on the quality of the input data; however, clay phase quantification within three percentage points of known values was readily achieved. Precision of the technique was evaluated by independently preparing and analyzing five samples of the same soil clay. Standard deviations for clay phase percentages (w:w) in the <2 mum fraction were all less than one percent. The new technique yields accurate determinations of chemistry for the smectitic and illitic phases in mixed-layered smectite-illite, and qualitative estimates for the chemistry of 10 angstrom-illite. The elemental compositions of quartz and kaolinite are assumed a priori and treated as constants within the non-linear chemical mass balance model. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LAIRD, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 6 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420611 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA QL349 UT WOS:A1994QL34900011 ER PT J AU SOKOLL, LJ RUSSELL, RM SADOWSKI, JA MORROW, FD AF SOKOLL, LJ RUSSELL, RM SADOWSKI, JA MORROW, FD TI ESTABLISHMENT OF CREATININE CLEARANCE REFERENCE VALUES FOR OLDER WOMEN SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE REFERENCE INTERVAL; SEX- AND AGE-RELATED EFFECTS; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION RATE; SERUM CREATININE; RENAL-FUNCTION; ENZYMATIC METHOD; KIDNEY-FUNCTION; COOKED MEAT; AGE; PARAMETERS; DISEASE; PLASMA AB Age-adjusted reference ranges for creatinine clearance were determined in 279 women, ages 40-95 years, who were housed in a metabolic research unit and consumed a meat-free diet. Creatinine clearance, but not serum creatinine, declined with age by 0.63 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) per year. Serum and urine creatinine concentrations, used to calculate clearances, were analyzed by a kinetic Jaffe, procedure. In a subset of 100 subjects, fasting serum creatinine values averaged 8.3 +/- 5.2 (SD) mu mol/L higher when measured by the kinetic Jaffe procedure than by an enzymatic method (creatinine PAP). The Cockcroft-Gault formula for estimating creatinine clearance from serum creatinine in women was validated, and the modification factor for the male equation was determined to be 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.83-0.86) confirming the suggested 15% correction. A prediction formula derived from this population was similar in accuracy to the Cockcroft-Gault formula. RP SOKOLL, LJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 44 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2276 EP 2281 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA PX754 UT WOS:A1994PX75400014 PM 7988015 ER PT J AU COHEN, AC HENDRIX, DL AF COHEN, AC HENDRIX, DL TI DEMONSTRATION AND PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF ALPHA-AMYLASE IN THE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY, BEMISIA-TABACI (ALEYRODIDAE, HOMOPTERA) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; STARCH HYDROLYSIS; FEEDING BIOLOGY; PLANT INSECT INTERACTIONS; HEMIPTERA; ENZYME KINETICS ID SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; LARVAE AB An alpha-amylase that hydrolyzes unmodified starch or amylopectin azure was demonstrated in crude and partially purified extracts prepared from whole carcasses of sweetpotato whiteflies (SPW) (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). All nymphal instars and adult SPW, including newly eclosed crawlers that had not yet fed on plant materials, were found to have active alpha-amylase. alpha-Amylase activity per mg protein was greatest in 1st instars and decreased with age up to the ''pupal'' stage, with a very slight increase in activity in adults. However, activity per individual did not differ substantially as a function of age. The alpha-amylase had an apparent molecular weight of about 70 kDa, an isoelectric point of 6.32 and eluted with about 250 mM NaCl from a strongly basic anion-exchange column. The enzyme activity was inhibited by EDTA and not activated by either NaCl or KNO3. CaCl2 strongly enhanced activity. alpha-Amylase activity was greatest at pH 7.0, but there was considerable activity at pHs above 7.0. The K-m of the alpha-amylase was 1.47 Mm with p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-malto-heptaoside as substrate. The presence of an amylolytic enzyme in a phloem-feeding insect is unexpected and raises questions about current assumptions of feeding behavior of this species. RP COHEN, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol B-Biochem. Molec. Biol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 109 IS 4 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(94)90122-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA QB436 UT WOS:A1994QB43600008 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, CH NEARY, DG HARRIS, LD AF GREENBERG, CH NEARY, DG HARRIS, LD TI EFFECT OF HIGH-INTENSITY WILDFIRE AND SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS ON REPTILE COMMUNITIES IN SAND-PINE SCRUB SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We tested whether the herpetofaunal response to clearcutting followed by site preparation was similar to high-intensity wildfire followed by salvage logging in sand-pine scrub. Herpetofaunal communities were compared in three replicated 5- to 7-year post-disturbance treatments were (1) high-intensity wildfire, salvage-logging, and natural regeneration; (2) clearcutting, roller-chopping, and broadcast-seeding; and (3) clearcutting and bracke-seeding. Animals were trapped over a 14-month period using pitfall traps with drift fences. Microhabitat features were measured along line transects. Because amphibian (frog) occurrence appeared to be unaffected by treatment, this paper focuses only on reptile communities. Six species of lizards and one snake species were numerically dominant. Reptile species richness, diversity, and evenness did not differ among treatments or mature forest. Species composition differed markedly, however, between mature forest and disturbance treatments. Typical open scrub species such as Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, Sceloporus woodi, and Eumeces egregius, were dominant in high-intensity burn, roller-chopped, and bracke-seeded stands but scarce in mature forest, and they were positively correlated with bare sand and other micro-habitat features typical of open scrub. Conversely, Eumeces inexpectatus was most abundant in mature forest and was correlated with ground litter and other features typical of mature forest. With respect to the species sampled, especially the lizards (including endemic species) of open scrub, clearcutting appeared to mimic high-intensity wildfire followed by salvage-logging by creating microhabitat features such as bare sand. In a mirror image of the usual concept, forest maturation historically served as the fragmenting agent of an extensive open-scrub landscape matrix that was maintained by high-intensity wildfire. Hence, the patchwork of age classes created by current clearcutting patterns could serve as a barrier to lizard dispersal and impede metapopulation dynamics. The absence of a true control (unsalvaged burns) suggests caution in interpreting the results of this study. RP GREENBERG, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,CTR INTENS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ASSESSMENT,POB 14524,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1057 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08041047.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PZ557 UT WOS:A1994PZ55700022 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE AF LUGO, AE TI PRESERVATION OF PRIMARY FORESTS IN THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS, PUERTO-RICO SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Caribbean National Forest, a National Forest under the jurisdiction of the US Forest Service and a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Biosphere Reserve, contains the only primary tropical forests in Puerto Rico. Tbe planning for future uses of the Caribbean National Forest has been controversial and serves as a case study of the application of federal regulations designed for continental temperate zones to insular tropical conditions. This article contains a description of the environmental and historical setting of the Caribbean National Forest and presents arguments for and against the preservation of its primary forest. Given the history of custodial management of the forest by the US Forest Service, it appears unlikely that the agency will advocate conversion of the only primary tropical forests under U.S. Government jurisdiction in order to satisfy requirements of the National Wilderness Act and/or the National Forest Planning Act The planning, management and conservation of the Caribbean National Forest can be a model for such activities elsewhere in the Caribbean and the American tropics but only if it demonstrates a balance between intensive use of suitable stands and absolute protection of primary forests. RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1131 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08041122.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PZ557 UT WOS:A1994PZ55700029 ER PT J AU HESPELL, RB AF HESPELL, RB TI XYLANOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF SPIROCHAETA-THERMOPHILA SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; SP-NOV; XYLAN DEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; BACTERIA; RUMEN; ESTERASE; STRAINS; ACIDS AB Spirochetes capable of degrading xylan or cellulose have not been commonly isolated, nor have their polysaccharolytic activities been characterized. Spirochaeta thermophila strain RI 19.B1 is xylanolytic and grows well at 65 degrees C with oatspelt (OX), birchwood (BX), corncob (CCX-A) xylans, or glucuronoxylan (MGX) as the energy source. All xylans were extensively degraded and utilized during growth. About 72-82% of the initial hexuronic acids and 57-79% of initial pentoses disappeared during growth. S. thermophila possessed xylanase, xylosidase, and arabinofuranosidase enzyme activities. Low levels of these activities were detected with growth on glucose, but high expression of these activities occurred during growth on OX. All three activities were cell-associated and were more stable in cells than cell extracts. Xylan-degrading activities were measured with cells or cell extracts exposed (60 min) to a variety of temperatures (65 degrees-85 degrees C) and pHs (5.0-8.0). More than 50% loss of activities occurred at temperatures above 75 degrees C. Although pH stability was affected by buffer, the optimal range was pH 6.5-7.5. These temperature and pH profiles for xylan-degrading activities coincide with those found for the growth of S. thermophila. RP HESPELL, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 6 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1007/BF01570227 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PR050 UT WOS:A1994PR05000006 ER PT J AU ZAK, DR TILMAN, D PARMENTER, RR RICE, CW FISHER, FM VOSE, J MILCHUNAS, D MARTIN, CW AF ZAK, DR TILMAN, D PARMENTER, RR RICE, CW FISHER, FM VOSE, J MILCHUNAS, D MARTIN, CW TI PLANT-PRODUCTION AND SOIL-MICROORGANISMS IN LATE-SUCCESSIONAL ECOSYSTEMS - A CONTINENTAL-SCALE STUDY SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABOVEGROUND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON AND NITROGEN CYCLES; HETEROTROPHIC METABOLISM; LABILE ORGANIC MATTER; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; NET N MINERALIZATION; SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOIL MICROORGANISMS; SOIL TEXTURE; SUBSTRATE-USE EFFICIENCY ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; RESPIRATION; MOISTURE; FORESTS; LITTER; DECOMPOSITION; NITRIFICATION AB Annual C inputs from plant production in terrestrial ecosystems only meet the maintenance energy requirements of soil microorganisms, allowing for little or no net annual increase in their biomass. Because microbial growth within soil is limited by C availability, we reasoned that plant production should, in part, control the biomass of soil microorganisms. We also reasoned that soil texture should further modify the influence of plant production on soil C availability because fine-textured soils typically support more microbial biomass than coarse-textured soils. To test these ideas, we quantified the relationship between aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and soil microbial biomass in late-successional ecosystems distributed along a continent-wide gradient in North America. We also measured labile pools of C and N within the soil because they represent potential substrate for microbial activity. Ecosystems ranged from a Douglas-fir forest in the western United States to the grasslands of the mid-continent to the hardwood forests in the eastern U,S. Estimates of ANPP obtained from the literature ranged from 82 to 1460 g.m(-2).yr(-1). Microbial biomass C and N were estimated by the fumigation-incubation technique. Labile soil pools of C and N and first-order rate constants for microbial respiration and net N mineralization were estimated using a long-term (32 wk) laboratory incubation. Regression analyses were used to relate ANPP and soil texture with microbial biomass and labile soil C and N pools. Microbial biomass carbon ranged from 2 g/m(2) in the desert grassland to 134 g/m(2) in the tallgrass prairie; microbial N displayed a similar trend among ecosystems. Labile C pools, derived from a first-order rate equation, ranged from 115 g/m2 in the desert grassland to 491 g/m2 in the southern hardwood forest. First-order rate constants for microbial respiration (k) fell within a narrow range of values (0.180 to 0.357 wk(-1)), suggesting that labile C pools were chemically similar among this diverse set of ecosystems. Potential net N mineralization rates over the 32-wk incubation were linear in most ecosystems with first-order responses only in the alpine tundra, tallgrass prairie, and forests. Microbial biomass C displayed a positive,linear relationship with ANPP (r(2) = 0.51), but was not significantly related to soil texture. Labile C also was linearly related to ANPP (r(2) = 0.32) and to soil texture (r(2) = 0.33), Results indicate that microbial biomass and labile organic matter pools change predictably across broad gradients of ANPP, supporting the idea that microbial growth in soil is constrained by C availability, C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ECOL EVOLUT & BEHAV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. US FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,HUBBARD BROOK EXPTL FOREST,CAMPTON,NH 03223. RP ZAK, DR (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 NR 69 TC 240 Z9 266 U1 10 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1994 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2333 EP 2347 DI 10.2307/1940888 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PW554 UT WOS:A1994PW55400015 ER PT J AU NAY, SM MATTSON, KG BORMANN, BT AF NAY, SM MATTSON, KG BORMANN, BT TI BIASES OF CHAMBER METHODS FOR MEASURING SOIL CO2 EFFLUX DEMONSTRATED WITH A LABORATORY APPARATUS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RESPIRATION; EVOLUTION C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP NAY, SM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 15 TC 134 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1994 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2460 EP 2463 DI 10.2307/1940900 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PW554 UT WOS:A1994PW55400027 ER PT J AU CONLEY, AJ CHRISTENSON, LK FORD, SP CHRISTENSON, RK AF CONLEY, AJ CHRISTENSON, LK FORD, SP CHRISTENSON, RK TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF CYTOCHROMES-P450 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE AND AROMATASE IN EMBRYONIC-CELL LAYERS OF ELONGATING PORCINE BLASTOCYSTS (VOL 135, PG 2248, 1994) SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition ID PIG BLASTOCYST; TROPHECTODERM; CONCEPTUSES; PREGNANCY; ESTROGENS; ENZYME AB Localized expression of cytochromes P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P450,17) and aromatase (P450(arom)) was investigated in embryonic cell layers of elongating porcine blastocysts by immunocytochemistry. Blastocysts were flushed from the uterus on day 12 of pregnancy, fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained using immunogold- and peroxidase-based techniques. Staining for both P450(c17) and P450(arom) was intense in spherical 7- to 10-mm blastocysts, but was absent in earlier stage 2- to 4-mm blastocysts and less intense or absent in later stage 20-mm and filamentous embryos. Cytochrome P450(c17) was limited to the trophoblast of all blastocysts expressing the enzyme, and in spherical 7- to 10-mm blastocysts, essentially all cells of the trophoblast layer stained positively for P450(c17). However, as elongation became apparent in 10-mm blastocysts, the cells of the trophoblast became flattened, and the expression of P450(c17) declined particularly in those trophoblast cells adjacent to the embryonic disc where mesoderm outgrowth was occurring. In fact, two distinct populations of trophoblast cells became obvious: one that maintained P450(c17) expression, and one that did not. Moreover, those trophoblast cells expressing P450(c17) were less flattened than neighboring cells in which P450(c17) expression was absent. These two morphologically and functionally distinct trophoblastic cell populations were most obvious in areas furthest from the embryonic disc. Cytochrome P450(arom) was expressed in the trophoblast as well as the hypoblast under the embryonic disc. Neither P450(c17) nor P450(arom) appeared to be expressed in the embryonic disc or the mesoderm of the expanding blastocyst. These functional and structural changes in the embryonic cell layers of the elongating conceptus may be associated with the transient synthesis and secretion of estrogen that occur at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the-pig. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP CONLEY, AJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Christenson, Lane/G-6435-2013 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD DEC PY 1994 VL 135 IS 6 BP A2801 EP & PG 0 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PW235 UT WOS:A1994PW23500069 ER PT J AU THRONE, JE AF THRONE, JE TI LIFE-HISTORY OF IMMATURE MAIZE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON CORN STORED AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES AND RELATIVE HUMIDITIES IN THE LABORATORY SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIFE HISTORY; SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS; ZEA MAYS ID SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; TIME AB Life history of immature maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, was studied at 10-40 degrees C and 43-76% RH. The optimal quantity of corn for minimizing density effects and the optimal observation frequency for minimizing disturbance effects were determined at 30 degrees C and 75% RH. The quantity of corn (32-256 g) provided to five females ovipositing for 24 h did not affect duration of development, but the number of progeny produced increased asymptotically as the quantity of corn provided increased. Frequency of observation (from 1- to 14-d intervals) did not affect duration of development or number of progeny produced. Using moisture contents measured in the life history study, an equation was developed for predicting equilibrium moisture content of corn from temperature and relative humidity. Duration of immature development did not vary with sex, but did vary with test. This suggests that insect strain or chemical composition of the corn must be included as factors in a model predicting effects of environment on duration of immature development. Survival from egg to adult emergence was greatest at 25 degrees C. Sex ratio of emerging adults did not differ from 1:1. The number of multiply-infested kernels was low at all environmental conditions, and survival from egg to adult emergence in these kernels averaged 18%. Maximum daily rate of fecundity, duration of development, and number of progeny produced were optimal at 30 degrees C and 75% RH. An index of environmental suitability indicated that 30 degrees C and 75% RH was the optimal environment for growth of maize weevil populations on corn. Implications of the results for managing maize weevil populations are discussed. RP THRONE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 29 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1459 EP 1471 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PZ146 UT WOS:A1994PZ14600013 ER PT J AU BARTELT, RJ VETTER, RS CARLSON, DG BAKER, TC AF BARTELT, RJ VETTER, RS CARLSON, DG BAKER, TC TI RESPONSES TO AGGREGATION PHEROMONES FOR 5 CARPOPHILUS SPECIES (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) IN A CALIFORNIA DATE GARDEN SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS; PHEROMONE; DATES ID SAP BEETLES COLEOPTERA; TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; FIELD-TESTS; CAROB MOTH; HEMIPTERUS; IDENTIFICATION; COATTRACTANT; BIOASSAY AB The nitidulid species, Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson, C. hemipterus (L.), C. freemani Dobson, and C. obsoletus Erichson, responded to their aggregation pheromones during a 17-mo study in a California date garden. The pheromones were dramatically synergized by volatiles from fermenting whole-wheat bread dough; pheromones alone attracted only 1.0-29% as many beetles as the combinations with dough, and dough alone attracted only 0-2.9% as many as the combinations. Unbaited controls caught no Carpophilus. C. mutilatus was the most abundant species, and individual trap catches were as high as 63,500 per week. Cross attraction was significant in some cases, especially for C, mutilatus responding to the pheromones of C. hemipterus and C, obsoletus but was minimal compared with responses to the species' own pheromone. The pheromone of C. lugubris Murray was also tested, but no C. lugubris were detected in the date garden. Two additional nitidulid species were caught consistently: C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.) and Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson). C. humeralis responded significantly to all of the pheromones but especially to those for C, hemipterus, C. lugubris, and C, obsoletus in combination with dough. H. luteolus was attracted only to the dough. Adult beetles were present in the dates on the ground throughout the year, but flight activity, as measured by trap catch, occurred erratically. All species had an intense period of flight activity in April and May, following a winter with favorable rains and an abundant food supply. This flight terminated abruptly when dates spilled to the ground during harvest and were hydrated by a rain storm. Flights of C. freemani, C, obsoletus, C. humeralis, and H. luteolus were more frequent in summer than for C. mutilatus or C, hemipterus. Flight activity during December and January was low for all species, but there was great variability in patterns of flight activity. The use of these pheromones is discussed in relation to pest management. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1534 EP 1543 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PZ146 UT WOS:A1994PZ14600023 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT AF SCHREUDER, HT TI SIMPLICITY VERSUS EFFICIENCY IN SAMPLING DESIGNS AND ESTIMATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB Simplicity and efficiency in design and estimation are all important in deciding on sampling strategies. A simple model is given and illustrated for four practical situations to show how a good sampling strategy should be selected. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 33 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1007/BF00547064 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QK164 UT WOS:A1994QK16400005 PM 24201888 ER PT J AU KJEMTRUP, S HERMAN, EM CHRISPEELS, MJ AF KJEMTRUP, S HERMAN, EM CHRISPEELS, MJ TI CORRECT POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION AND STABLE VACUOLAR ACCUMULATION OF PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ ENGINEERED TO CONTAIN MULTIPLE METHIONINE RESIDUES SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE PROTEIN PHASEOLIN; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; LECTIN; SEEDS; CELLS; GOLGI; OLIGOSACCHARIDE AB Most legume seed storage proteins are deficient in sulfur amino acids. In this study, we demonstrate that replacing specific amino acid residues of a seed protein with methionine residues at positions known to be occupied by methionine residues in homologous proteins, is an effective strategy to create methionine-enriched seed proteins. Mutant phytohemagglutinin polypeptides with three or four methionine residues were found to undergo correct post-translational modifications in transformed cultured tobacco cells and to accumulate stably in the protein storage vacuoles of transgenic tobacco seeds. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 226 IS 2 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20063.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QH605 UT WOS:A1994QH60500015 PM 8001556 ER PT J AU BIELY, P COTE, GL BURGESSCASSLER, A AF BIELY, P COTE, GL BURGESSCASSLER, A TI PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF ALTERNANASE, A NOVEL ENDO-ALPHA-1,3-ALPHA-1,6-D-GLUCANASE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-D-(1->3) BRANCH LINKAGES; D-GLUCAN; GLUCANSUCRASE; PROTEINS; GELS; QUANTITATION; DEXTRAN AB A newly isolated soil bacterium strain NRRL B-21195, tentatively identified as a Bacillus species, was found to be a constitutive producer of a novel type of glycanase that hydrolyses in an endo-fashion the polysaccharide alternan, an alpha-1,3-alpha-1,6-D-glucan, referred to in the literature as B-1355 dextran (fraction S), synthesized from sucrose by alternansucrase of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The glycanase, named alternanase, has been purified to homogeneity from a cell-free culture fluid of the bacillus grown in a liquid medium containing D-glucose, and has been characterized. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 110000 Da (SDS/PAGE) and an isoelectric point of approximately 4.0. Optimum activity occurs at pH 7 and at a temperature of 40 degrees C. The enzyme is stable up to 50 degrees C but loses activity rapidly at 60 degrees C. Its action is inhibited by EDTA and stimulated by Ca2+. The enzyme requires, for its action, D-glucan chains in which alpha-1,3-linkages alternate with alpha-1,6-linkages; i.e., it is specific for alternan. Monitoring of alternan hydrolysis by determination of liberated reducing sugars pointed to an unusually low extent of hydrolysis and a low specific activity of the enzyme. As shown in the accompanying paper [Cote, G. L. and Biely, P. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 226, 641-648] the reason for this finding is that the main hydrolytic products are nonreducing, novel types of cyclic oligosaccharides. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. SLOVAK ACAD SCI, INST CHEM, BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA. SALIVA DIAGNOST SYST INC, VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 226 IS 2 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20090.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QH605 UT WOS:A1994QH60500042 PM 8001579 ER PT J AU COTE, GL BIELY, P AF COTE, GL BIELY, P TI ENZYMATICALLY PRODUCED CYCLIC ALPHA-1,3-LINKED AND ALPHA-1,6-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES OF D-GLUCOSE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARTHROBACTER-GLOBIFORMIS T6; ISOMALTODEXTRANASE; GLYCOSYLATION; CYCLODEXTRINS; DEXTRAN AB A new type of bacterial enzyme hydrolyzed alternan (Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 fraction S dextran, an alternating alpha-1,3-alpha-1,6-D-glucan) to give rise to a series of oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide formed in the greatest proportion was a cyclic tetrasaccharide of D-glucosyl residues linked in an alternating alpha-1,3-alpha-1,6 fashion. Other saccharide products included isomaltose and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-D-glucose. Oligosaccharides of higher degrees of polymerization were also formed, and included alpha-D-glucosylated derivatives of the cyclic tetrasaccharide. This is the first report of a naturally produced cyclic tetrasaccharide. C1 SLOVAK ACAD SCI, INST CHEM, BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA. RP USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 40 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 226 IS 2 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20091.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QH605 UT WOS:A1994QH60500043 PM 8001580 ER PT J AU BEGONIA, MFT KREMER, RJ AF BEGONIA, MFT KREMER, RJ TI CHEMOTAXIS OF DELETERIOUS RHIZOBACTERIA TO VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI MEDIK) SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DELETERIOUS RHIZOBACTERIA; CHEMOTAXIS; SPERMOSPHERE; RHIZOSPHERE; WEED SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS; ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; DOWNY BROME; SOIL; GROWTH AB Intact seeds and seed and seedling root exudates of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) were used as chemoattractants in experiments to determine the relative importance of chemotaxis in spermosphere and rhizosphere colonization by selected rhizobacteria. Results for soft-agar, capillary tube and soil chemotaxis assays indicated that selected deleterious rhizobacteria were specifically attracted to seed and seedling root exudates. Several amino acids and sugars detected in exudates were chemoattractants for these rhizobacteria. Using soil-chemotaxis assemblies, migration of rhizobacterial isolates through 2-cm distances of soil toward velvetleaf seeds or exudates was detected within 24 h. Isolates were not detected at the same site in soils without seeds or exudates until 72 h after inoculation. These results suggest that attraction of deleterious rhizobacteria toward seeds and seedling roots mediated by exudates (chemotaxis) might be the first step in establishment and subsequent colonization of biological control bacteria on weed seeds and seedling roots in soil. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 235 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QA116 UT WOS:A1994QA11600001 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG AF ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG TI REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF ONCE-MATED MOTHS OF THE FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FECUNDITY; FERTILITY; LONGEVITY ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; CORN; TEMPERATURE AB A laboratory study of the effects of age at a single mating on the reproductive potential of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), revealed that of 389 pairs of moths tested, 106, 281, and 2 pairs transferred 0, 1, or 2 spermatophores, respectively. Pairs that did not transfer a spermatophore mated when males and females averaged 7.0 and 8.8 days of age, respectively. Pairs transferring a single spermatophore mated when males and females averaged 5.9 and 6.3 days of age, respectively. The pairs transferring two spermatophores during one-night's pairing averaged 8 and 9 days of age at mating for males and females, respectively. The age of females at a single mating significantly affected their fecundity (r = 0.92; P<0.01), fertility (r = -0.61; P<0.01), and longevity (r = 0.83; P <0.01). Male age at a single mating significantly influenced only the fertility of eggs laid by their respective female partner (r = -0.92; P<0.01). Two days post-emergence was the optimum age for mating by both male and female moths for maximum fecundity and fertility. Delaying mating by females significantly lengthened their survival. RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 402 EP 410 DI 10.2307/3495694 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QA217 UT WOS:A1994QA21700002 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD AF CHANDLER, LD TI EVALUATION OF INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR-FEEDING STIMULANT COMBINATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; INSECT MANAGEMENT; INSECTICIDE ADDITIVES AB Application of RH-5992 2F, a neural agonist insect growth regulator, to foliage of corn (Zea mays [L.]) and southern pea (Vigna unguiculata [L.]), resulted in significant levels of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J. E. Smith]) larval control. The addition of a cottonseed flour-based feeding stimulant, Konsume, at 10% of total spray volume to the insect growth regulator reduced the length of time needed for larval mortality to occur compared to the insect growth regulator alone. Additionally, feeding damage and percentage of corn plants infested by fall armyworm was significantly reduced using RH-5992 2F + Konsume. Residual activity of RH-5992 remained high (> 84% larval mortality at the highest evaluated rate of RH-5992) on southern pea throughout the two-week test period. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 411 EP 424 DI 10.2307/3495695 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QA217 UT WOS:A1994QA21700003 ER PT J AU HAMM, JJ CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR AF HAMM, JJ CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR TI FIELD-TESTS WITH A FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER TO ENHANCE INFECTIVITY OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; BIOCONTROL; CORN; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; IRRIGATION WATER; POPULATIONS; LARVAE; CORN AB The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was applied in combination with Fluorescent Brightener 28 (Calcofluor White M2R, Tinopal LPW) to whorl-stage corn. Concentrations of NPV ranged from 5 larval equivalents (1 LE = 6 x 10(9) polyhedral occlusion bodies) to 1235 LE per ha. Concentrations of fluorescent brightener ranged from 0.1 to 5% by weight in water and the water volume ranged from 234 to 926 liters per ha. Two days after treatment, fall armyworm larvae were collected from the treated plants and held on bean diet to observe mortality due to NPV, parasitoids, and ascovirus. The fluorescent brightener interacted significantly with virus concentration and with water volume to increase larval mortality. There was no increase in mortality due to NPV as the percent fluorescent brightener increased beyond 1%. In the higher volumes of water, 0.25% fluorescent brightener resulted in the highest percent mortality due to NPV. Cotesia marginiventris was the most abundant parasitoid recovered from fall armyworm in these tests, and as the percent mortality due to NPV increased, the percent mortality due to parasitoids and ascovirus decreased. Thus, the total mortality was not affected as greatly as the percent mortality due to NPV by changes in water volume or fluorescent brightener concentration. The reduction in mortality due to parasitoids did not appear to be a direct effect of the fluorescent brightener on the parasitoids. However, increased infectivity of the NPV and earlier mortality from NPV associated with the fluorescent brightener resulted in more host larvae dying of NPV before the parasitoids could complete development. RP HAMM, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 425 EP 437 DI 10.2307/3495696 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QA217 UT WOS:A1994QA21700004 ER PT J AU RUBERSON, JR HERZOG, GA LAMBERT, WR LEWIS, WJ AF RUBERSON, JR HERZOG, GA LAMBERT, WR LEWIS, WJ TI MANAGEMENT OF THE BEET ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN COTTON - ROLE OF NATURAL ENEMIES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE BEET ARMYWORM; COTTON; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; PARASITOID; PREDATOR ID SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; MARGINIVENTRIS; CALIFORNIA AB The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), has recently become a persistent and explosive pest of cotton in the southeastern United States. It is, however, attacked by a large and diverse complex of beneficial arthropods and pathogens that appear capable of maintaining beet armyworm populations below economically-damaging levels. Disruption of this complex contributes to outbreaks of S. exigua. It can also exacerbate problems with other pests because the complex of beneficial organisms attacking the beet armyworm is comprised of generalist species that also suppress other pests in the cotton production system. Management of the beet armyworm through conservation of its natural enemies, therefore, provides multiple benefits to growers by managing other pests as well. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 33 TC 64 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 440 EP 453 DI 10.2307/3495698 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QA217 UT WOS:A1994QA21700006 ER PT J AU GODFREY, KE ANDERSON, LWJ AF GODFREY, KE ANDERSON, LWJ TI FEEDING BY BAGOUS-AFFINIS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) INHIBITS GERMINATION OF HYDRILLA TUBERS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; AQUATIC WEED CONTROL; HYDRILLA TUBER WEEVIL; INSECT FEEDING DAMAGE ID VERTICILLATA AB Bagous affinis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae feed inside subterranean turions or tubers of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle, Hydrocharitaceae) during low water conditions. This results in reduced germination of the tubers. To determine the number of B. affinis required to reduce tuber germination, dioecious hydrilla tubers were exposed to various B. affinis egg to tuber ratios. The tubers were then held for germination. The number of adults produced and the number of tubers germinating for each treatment and damage category were recorded. In all treatments, tuber germination was significantly reduced compared with the controls. The proportion of tubers germinating tended to decrease with an increase in the number of eggs initially placed in the treatment. This reduction in germination resulted from an increase in feeding damage. The results of this study suggest that B. affinis should be released in the field with an egg to tuber ratio of 2:1 or greater. RP GODFREY, KE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 480 EP 488 DI 10.2307/3495702 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QA217 UT WOS:A1994QA21700010 ER PT J AU SHETTY, NJ PRABHAKAR, G NARANG, SK FOGELSONG, PD JOSLYN, DJ AF SHETTY, NJ PRABHAKAR, G NARANG, SK FOGELSONG, PD JOSLYN, DJ TI WHITE EYE AND YELLOW LARVA - MUTANTS IN ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI LISTON (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE GENETIC MUTANTS; ANOPHELES-STEPHENCI; MALARIA ID GENETIC SEXING SYSTEM AB Two spontaneous mutants, white eye (w) and yellow larva (y), were isolated and characterized from the Bangalore (southern India) and Poona (western India) strains, respectively, of the malarial mosquito, Anopheles stephensi (Liston) (Diptera: culicidae). The w mutation is a sex-linked recessive. The second mutant, y, is an autosomal recessive. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CAMDEN,NJ 08102. USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP SHETTY, NJ (reprint author), BANGALORE UNIV,CTR APPL GENET,JB CAMPUS,BANGALORE 560056,INDIA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.2307/3495705 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QA217 UT WOS:A1994QA21700013 ER PT J AU SIVINSKI, JM CALKINS, CO BARANOWSKI, R AF SIVINSKI, JM CALKINS, CO BARANOWSKI, R TI A CONTAINER FOR ECLOSION AND HOLDING ADULT INSECTS PRIOR TO MASS RELEASE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP SIVINSKI, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.2307/3495708 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QA217 UT WOS:A1994QA21700016 ER PT J AU GODFREY, KE ANDERSON, LWJ AF GODFREY, KE ANDERSON, LWJ TI DEVELOPMENTAL RATES OF BAGOUS-AFFINIS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note ID HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA RP GODFREY, KE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,124 ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 516 EP 519 DI 10.2307/3495709 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QA217 UT WOS:A1994QA21700017 ER PT J AU CUTTER, CN SIRAGUSA, GR AF CUTTER, CN SIRAGUSA, GR TI DECONTAMINATION OF BEEF CARCASS TISSUE WITH NISIN USING A PILOT-SCALE MODEL CARCASS WASHER SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBOTULINAL EFFECTIVENESS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BACTERIOCIN; MEAT; PRODUCTS; NITRITE; BACON AB Nisin spray treatments were tested for controlling Gram-positive bacteria attached to beef carcass surface tissue using a pilot scale model carcass washer. Sections of lean and adipose tissues were inoculated with approximately 4 log(10) cfu cm(-2) of Brochothrix thermosphacta, Carnobacterium divergens or Listeria innocua. Following 28 degrees C water or nisin sprays, bacterial populations were enumerated immediately and after incubation for 24 h at 4 degrees C. Spray treatments with water did not significantly alter the bacterial populations at day 0 or 1 (<1 log(10) reduction). However, nisin spray treatments (5000 AU ml(-1)) reduced populations by 1.79 to 3.54 log(10) cfu cm(-2) at day 0 and by 1.97 to 3.60 log(10) cfu cm(-2) at day 1. This study demonstrates that spray washing is an effective means of applying bacteriocins and that these compounds may be useful as sanitizers of red meat carcasses. RP CUTTER, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, POB 166, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 EI 1095-9998 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 6 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1006/fmic.1994.1054 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA QB666 UT WOS:A1994QB66600005 ER PT J AU LILLARD, HS AF LILLARD, HS TI DECONTAMINATION OF POULTRY SKIN BY SONICATION SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IFT Quality Assurance and International Divisions Symposium on ISO 9000 - A Corner Stone for Total Quality Management, at the Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUL 10-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, QUAL ASSURANCE DIV, INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, INT DIV ID ULTRASONIC HOMOGENIZATION; HUMAN-MILK; HEAT; SURVIVAL; SALMONELLAE; CARCASSES RP LILLARD, HS (reprint author), US ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 48 IS 12 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PZ984 UT WOS:A1994PZ98400013 ER PT J AU BOYER, WD MILLER, JH AF BOYER, WD MILLER, JH TI EFFECT OF BURNING AND BRUSH TREATMENTS ON NUTRIENT AND SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES IN YOUNG LONGLEAF PINE STANDS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PRESCRIBED FIRE; PINUS PALUSTRIS MILL; STAND GROWTH; HARDWOOD CONTROL; HERBICIDE INJECTION; UNDERSTORY CLEARING ID NITROGEN AB Over a period of 16 years, unburned longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) pole stands grew an average of 27% more volume than similar stands regularly burned. Treatments included biennial burns in winter, spring, and summer plus an unburned check, each of which was combined with three supplemental treatments, namely, initial herbicide injection of all hardwoods, repeated handclearing of all woody stems, and no treatment. All unburned and winter-burned plots were paired to study this growth reduction relative to treatments. The status of nitrogen, phosphorus, available moisture holding capacity, bulk density, and macropore space was determined in both surface and subsurface soils. Foliage from pines on sampled plots was analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn. Burning did not significantly affect either soil N and P or foliar nutrients. However, burning reduced available moisture holding capacity and macropore space and increased the bulk density of surface soils, and also reduced the moisture-holding capacity of subsurface soils. The results from this and other studies suggest that growth losses are due, at least in part, to increased moisture stress associated with changes in soil physical properties. RP BOYER, WD (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,USDA,FOREST SERV,GEORGE W ANDREWS FORESTRY SCI LAB,SO FOREST EXPT,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 36 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-3 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90096-5 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QC199 UT WOS:A1994QC19900027 ER PT J AU CHEN, Y SAARI, JT KANG, YJ AF CHEN, Y SAARI, JT KANG, YJ TI WEAK ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSES MAKE THE HEART A TARGET FOR DAMAGE IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE COPPER-DEFICIENCY; LIPID PEROXIDATION; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; CATALASE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; HEART; LIVER; FREE RADICALS ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DIETARY COPPER; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; TISSUES; MITOCHONDRIAL; DISMUTASE; DEFECTS; LIVER; ABNORMALITIES AB Copper deficiency causes more salient pathologic changes in the heart than in the liver of rats. Although oxidative stress has been implicated in copper deficiency-induced pathogenesis, little is known about the selectivity toxicity to the heart. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the severity of copper deficiency-induced oxidative damage and the capacity of antioxidant defense in heart and liver to investigate a possible mechanism for the selective cardiotoxicity. Weanling rats were fed a purified diet deficient in copper (0.4 mu g/g diet) or one containing adequate copper (6.0 mu g/g diet) for 4 weeks. Copper deficiency induced a 2-fold increase in lipid peroxidation in the heart (thiobarbituric assay) but did not alter peroxidation in the liver. The antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were, respectively, 3-, 50- and 1.5-fold lower in the heart than in the liver, although these enzymatic activities were depressed in both organs by copper deficiency. In addition, the activity of glutathione reductase was 4 times lower in the heart than in the liver. The data suggested that a weak antioxidant defense system in the heart is responsible for the relatively high degree of oxidative damage in copper-deficient hearts. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 48 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90092-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PU933 UT WOS:A1994PU93300005 PM 7867969 ER PT J AU DIXON, ZR BURRI, BJ CLIFFORD, A FRANKEL, EN SCHNEEMAN, BO PARKS, E KEIM, NL BARBIERI, T WU, MM FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ SOWELL, AL ERDMAN, JW AF DIXON, ZR BURRI, BJ CLIFFORD, A FRANKEL, EN SCHNEEMAN, BO PARKS, E KEIM, NL BARBIERI, T WU, MM FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ SOWELL, AL ERDMAN, JW TI EFFECTS OF A CAROTENE-DEFICIENT DIET ON MEASURES OF OXIDATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN ADULT WOMEN SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CAROTENE; HUMAN; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; FREE RADICALS ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-E; ANTIOXIDANT; OXYGEN; MICROSOMES; RADICALS AB The effect of consuming a low carotene diet ((similar to) 60 mu g carotene/day) on oxidative susceptibility and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in women living in a metabolic research unit was evaluated. The diet had sufficient vitamins A, E, and C. The women ate the diet supplemented with 1500 mu g/day beta-carotene for 4 days (baseline), then the unsupplemented diet for 68 days (depletion), followed by the diet supplemented with > 15,000 mu g/day carotene for 28 days (repletion). Production of hexanal, pentanal, and pentane by copper-oxidized plasma low density lipoproteins from carotene-depleted women was greater than their production of these compounds when repleted with carotene. Erythrocyte SOD activity was depressed in carotenede-pleted women; it recovered with repletion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma of carotene-depleted women were elevated and diminished with repletion. Dietary carotene seems to be needed, not only as a precursor of vitamin A, but also to inhibit oxidative damage and decrease oxidation susceptibility. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT NUTR, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NUTR BIOCHEM BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DIV NUTR SCI, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. OI Parks, Elizabeth/0000-0001-5681-1097 FU PHS HHS [43098] NR 38 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90093-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PU933 UT WOS:A1994PU93300006 PM 7867970 ER PT J AU GREENE, B WALKO, R HAKE, S AF GREENE, B WALKO, R HAKE, S TI MUTATOR INSERTIONS IN AN INTRON OF THE MAIZE KNOTTED1 GENE RESULT IN DOMINANT SUPPRESSIBLE MUTATIONS SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HAIRY-WING MUTATIONS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS GENERATE; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HOMEOBOX GENE; MORPHOLOGICAL MUTANT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TANDEM DUPLICATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS AB The knotted1 (kn1) locus of maize is defined by a series of dominant mutations affecting leaf development. We recovered 10 additional mutant alleles in lines containing active Mutator transposable elements. Nine of these alleles contain Mu1 or Mu8 elements inserted within a 310-bp region of the kn1 third intron. All five Mu8 insertions are in the same orientation whereas both orientations of Mu1 were recovered. Northern analysis showed that ectopic expression of kn1 within developing leaves is correlated with the mutant phenotype for the four alleles analyzed. Transcript size was not altered. The effect of Mu activity, as measured by the extent of Mu element methylation or by the presence of the autonomous MuDR element, was investigated for two alleles. Kn1-mum2, containing a Mu8 element, and Kn1-mum7, containing a Mu1 element, required Mu activity for the knotted phenotype. We examined the effect of Mu activity on ectopic kn1 expression in Kn1-mum2 and found that the transcript was present in leaves of Mu active individuals only. We discuss possible mechanisms by which !Mu activity could condition kn1 gene expression. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP GREENE, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 63 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 138 IS 4 BP 1275 EP 1285 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA PU548 UT WOS:A1994PU54800023 PM 7896105 ER PT J AU GROOVER, A DEVEY, M FIDDLER, T LEE, J MEGRAW, R MITCHELOLDS, T SHERMAN, B VUJCIC, S WILLIAMS, C NEALE, D AF GROOVER, A DEVEY, M FIDDLER, T LEE, J MEGRAW, R MITCHELOLDS, T SHERMAN, B VUJCIC, S WILLIAMS, C NEALE, D TI IDENTIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI INFLUENCING WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY IN AN OUTBRED PEDIGREE OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARKER-AIDED SELECTION; LINKAGE MAPS; SCOTS PINE; INHERITANCE; TOMATO AB We report the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing wood specific gravity (WSG) in an outbred pedigree of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). QTL mapping in an outcrossing species is complicated by the presence of multiple alleles (>2) at QTL and marker loci. Multiple alleles at QTL allow the examination of interaction among alleles at QTL (deviation from additive gene action). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker genotypes and wood specific gravity phenotypes were determined for 177 progeny. Two RFLP linkage maps were constructed, representing maternal and paternal parent gamete segregations as inferred from diploid progeny RFLP genotypes?es. RFLP loci segregating for multiple alleles were vital for aligning the two maps. Each RFLP locus was assayed for cosegregation with WSG QTL using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Five regions of the genome contained one or more RFLP loci showing differences in mean WSG at or below the P = 0.05 level for progeny as grouped by RFLP genotype. One region contained a marker locus (S6a) chose QTL-associated effects were highly significant (P > 0.0002). Marker S6a segregated for multiple alleles, a prerequisite for determining the number of alleles segregating at the linked QTL and analyzing the interactions among QTL alleles. The QTL associated with marker S6a appeared to be segregating for multiple alleles which interacted with each other and with environments. No evidence for digenic epistasis was found among the five QTL. C1 CSIRO,DIV FORESTRY,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. WEYERHAEUSER CO,TACOMA,WA 98477. UNIV MONTANA,DIV BIOL SCI,MISSOULA,MT 59812. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP GROOVER, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC NW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 20 TC 108 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 138 IS 4 BP 1293 EP 1300 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA PU548 UT WOS:A1994PU54800025 PM 7896107 ER PT J AU WADE, MJ BEEMAN, RW AF WADE, MJ BEEMAN, RW TI THE POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF MATERNAL-EFFECT SELFISH GENES SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GROUP SELECTION; FLOUR BEETLES; KIN SELECTION; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; PARASITIC CHROMOSOME; TRIBOLIUM; INCOMPATIBILITY; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; PSR AB We use population genetic methods to describe the expected population dynamics of the selfish-gene chromosomal factor, Medea (maternal-effect dominant embryonic arrest), recently discovered in flour beetles, genus Tribolium. In the absence of deleterious effects on gross fecundity, Medea factors spread to fixation for all degrees of maternal-effect lethality greater than zero and the rate of spread is proportional to the strength of the maternal-effect. The rate of spread when rare is very slow, on the order of the frequency squared p(2), but this can be accelerated to order p when there is density regulation at the level of families as is known to occur for some genetic strains of flour beetles. When there are general deleterious effects of Medea on fecundity, affecting all offspring genotypes in addition to the genotype-specific maternal effect, then a stable interior polymorphism is possible. The location of the interior equilibrium and the probability of loss or fixation are sensitive to the degree of dominance of these fecundity effects. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP WADE, MJ (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM22523] NR 17 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 138 IS 4 BP 1309 EP 1314 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA PU548 UT WOS:A1994PU54800027 PM 7896109 ER PT J AU LIU, ZW JARRET, RL DUNCAN, RR KRESOVICH, S AF LIU, ZW JARRET, RL DUNCAN, RR KRESOVICH, S TI GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AND VARIATION AMONG ECOTYPES OF SEASHORE PASPALUM (PASPALUM-VAGINATUM) DETERMINED BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE RAPDS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PHENETIC ANALYSIS ID RAPD MARKERS; CHRYSANTHEMUM; CULTIVARS; BRASSICA; PRIMERS AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic relationships and variation among ecotypes of the turfgrass seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz). Vegetative tissues or seeds of 46 seashore paspalum ecotypes were obtained from various locations in the United States, Argentina, and South Africa. Leaf DNA extracts were screened for RAPD markers using 34 10-mer random primers. A total of 195 reproducible RAPD fragments were observed, with an average of six fragments per primer. One hundred and sixty-nine fragments (87% of the total observed) were polymorphic, among which 27 fragments (16%) were present in three or less ecotypes, indicating the occurrence of a high level of genetic variation among the examined accessions of this species. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) and principal coordinates analysis were performed on the RAPD data set. The results illustrate genetic relationships among the 46 ecotypes, and between ecotypes and their geographical origins. Ecotypes from southern Africa could be differentiated from the U.S. and most of the Argentinean ecotypes. With a few exceptions, ecotypes collected from Argentina, Hawaii, Florida, and Texas were separated into distinct clusters. C1 US ARS,GEORGIA EXPT STN,GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,GEORGIA EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1017 DI 10.1139/g94-143 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA PY124 UT WOS:A1994PY12400017 PM 18470139 ER PT J AU WESSOLEK, G PLAGGE, R LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF WESSOLEK, G PLAGGE, R LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI ANALYZING PROBLEMS IN DESCRIBING FIELD AND LABORATORY MEASURED SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED SOIL; WATER CHARACTERISTICS; PARAMETRIC MODELS; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; CONSISTENT SET; 2-PHASE FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSURFACE; HORIZONS AB Accurate in situ determination of unsaturated soil hydraulic properties is often not feasible because of natural variability of most field soils, and because of instrumental limitations. Therefore the soil hydraulic properties are often measured in the laboratory, or derived by computer models using simple standard laboratory methods. This paper analyses problems in describing field hydraulic properties of a Ap horizon of a silty loam, basing on data from different laboratory methods: (i) A standard pressure plate apparatus and (ii) a constant-head permeameter were used to measure the static retention characteristics and the saturated hydraulic conductivity independently. (iii) An instantaneous profile method was applied to measure water retention and conductivity simultanously. Relatively new technics involving ''undisturbed'' soil samples instrumented with mini tensiometers and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) mini probes characterise the experiment. The models by Mualem and van Genuchten (MvG) were used to describe the soil hydraulic functions. The different laboratory results were then compared with the hydraulic field properties measured in instantaneous profile manner. The laboratory method allows a high spatial and temporal resolution; this facilitates an investigation of some of the assumptions made, when fitting the MVG models to hydraulic data. A reasonably good description of the hydraulic data was obtained when setting the residual water content, theta(I), to 0 and the pore connectivity factor, l, to 0.5 because theta(I), and I were not sensitive. However, a poor fit resulted when the saturated water content, theta(s), was equated to the porosity, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity, k(s), to its independently measured value. Values for theta(s) and k(s) derived from field measurements were somewhat higher than those obtained from laboratory samples. To demonstrate the influence of the different input data on a water balance, the cumulative drainage from an initially saturated soil column was simulated with different sets of hydraulic parameters estimated from field and laboratory data. Parameters derived from the laboratory results consistently yielded lower predictions of cumulative drainage compared to hydraulic parameters derived from field measurements. The differences were relatively small when an initial water content corresponding to 60 cm suction (field capacity) was used. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP WESSOLEK, G (reprint author), TECH UNIV BERLIN,FG BODENKUNDE,INST OKOL,D-10587 BERLIN,GERMANY. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 1994 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(94)90091-4 PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PY181 UT WOS:A1994PY18100006 ER PT J AU VAUGHAN, PJ CORWIN, DL AF VAUGHAN, PJ CORWIN, DL TI A METHOD OF MODELING VERTICAL FLUID-FLOW AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN A GIS CONTEXT SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID WATER-FLOW; FUNCTIONAL-MODEL; SOIL; QUALITY; BYPASS AB An irrigated agricultural area of 2350 ha in the San Joaquin Valley of California was used for assessing regional-scale vertical flow and solute transport. The study area was sufficiently large to show variability in salt-loading to the groundwater due to cropping and irrigation efficiency. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to store and manipulate a variety of data required for vertical transport modeling of water flow in the field area. Measured data included crop and irrigation schedules, daily evapotranspiration, soil type maps, and field sampling for determination of physical properties such as the saturation percentage and the gravimetric water content. A data classification scheme was developed consisting of four basic types of variables: (1) local variables for point data; (2) spatial variables for data having a constant value within a restricted domain such as an individual quarter-section; (3) derived variables being those selected based on a discrete value of another parameter (e.g. maximum root depth depends on the discrete variable, crop type), and (4) regional variables exhibiting a constant value over the entire study area. Each specific Variable was classified utilizing the classification scheme and a relational database was created for all the data. From the data included in this database, calculations of fluid and solute transport were made at selected locations by a capacity-based, one-dimensional transport model. The results of a calculation were incorporated into the database for further manipulation and representation. A sample calculation was run for 315 locations within the field area to determine the spatial variation of salt-loading to the groundwater. RP VAUGHAN, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 1994 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(94)90094-9 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PY181 UT WOS:A1994PY18100009 ER PT J AU KELLER, M REINERS, WA AF KELLER, M REINERS, WA TI SOIL ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE OF NITROUS-OXIDE, NITRIC-OXIDE, AND METHANE UNDER SECONDARY SUCCESSION OF PASTURE TO FOREST IN THE ATLANTIC LOWLANDS OF COSTA-RICA SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID DRY TROPICAL FOREST; TEMPERATE FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS; DENITRIFICATION; DEFORESTATION; CHEMISTRY; FLUXES; N2O; NO AB We investigated changes in soil-atmosphere flux of CH4, N2O, and NO resulting from the succession of pasture to forest in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica. We studied a dozen sites intensively for over one year in order to measure rates and to understand controlling mechanisms for gas exchange. CH4 flux was controlled primarily by soil moisture content. Soil consumption of atmospheric CH4 was greatest when soils were relatively dry. Forest soils consumed CH4 while pasture soils which had poor drainage generally produced CH4. The seasonal pattern of N2O emissions from forest soils was related exponentially to soil water-filled pore space. Annual average N2O emissions correlated with soil exchangeable NO3- concentrations. Soil-atmosphere NO flux was greatest when soils were relatively dry. We found the largest NO emissions from abandoned pasture sites. Combining these data with those from another study in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica that focused on deforestation, we present a 50-year chronosequence of trace gas emissions that extends from natural conditions, through disturbance and natural recovery. The soil-atmosphere fluxes of CH4 and N2O and of NO may be restored to predisturbance rates during secondary succession. The changes in trace gas emissions following deforestation, through pasture use and secondary succession, may be explained conceptually through reference to two major controlling factors, nitrogen availability and soil-atmosphere diffusive exchange of gases as it is influenced by soil moisture content and soil compaction. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT BOT,LARAMIE,WY 82271. RP KELLER, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,POB 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 59 TC 236 Z9 245 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 399 EP 409 DI 10.1029/94GB01660 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PU118 UT WOS:A1994PU11800002 ER PT J AU HAO, WM LIU, MH AF HAO, WM LIU, MH TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF TROPICAL BIOMASS BURNING SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; FORESTS; CARBON; BRAZIL; OZONE AB A database for the spatial and temporal distribution of the amount of biomass burned in tropical America, Africa, and Asia during the late 1970s is presented with a resolution of 5 degrees latitude x 5 degrees longitude. The sources of burning in each grid cell have been quantified. Savanna fires, shifting cultivation, deforestation; fuel wood use, and burning of agricultural residues contribute about 50, 24, 10, 11, and 5%, respectively, of total biomass burned in the tropics. Savanna fires dominate in tropical Africa, and forest fires dominate in tropical Asia. A similar amount of biomass is burned from forest and savanna fires in tropical America. The distribution of biomass burned monthly during the dry season has been derived for each grid cell using the seasonal cycles of surface ozone concentrations. Land use changes during the last decade could have a profound impact on the amount of biomass burned and the amount of trace gases and aerosol particles emitted. C1 UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812. RP HAO, WM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 32 TC 392 Z9 409 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1029/94GB02086 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PU118 UT WOS:A1994PU11800008 ER PT J AU COOK, JW BRADY, WW ALDON, EF AF COOK, JW BRADY, WW ALDON, EF TI THE EFFECT OF GRASS PLANT SIZE ON BASAL FREQUENCY ESTIMATES SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Frequency data from different-sized plots are generally accepted as being incomparable. However, how basal frequency data are influenced by plant basal diameter is not well known. Computer simulations were used to determine the influences of grass plant basal diameter on basal frequency data. Basal frequency, basal area and density were estimated with simulated 5 x 10 cm and 20 x 50 cm rectangular plots. Simulated plants had basal diameters ranging from 1.9 to 12.7 cm. Basal diameter had a significant effect on the relationship between frequency and both basal area and density. As differences in plant size increase, the effect on basal frequency becomes larger and the likelihood of an ecologically important influence also increases. Thus, frequency data should not be used to compare relative abundance of species, unless corrections are made for differences in plant basal diameter among species. Additionally, frequency data should not be used to monitor change in abundance of a species through time, unless mean plant basal diameter can be assumed to remain relatively constant. Basal frequency data could be used to 'signal' when change has occurred. Then, other sampling methods must be used to determine the nature and direction of change or relative species abundance. For frequency data, the simplicity of collection may be offset by difficulty in interpretation. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 4 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1994.tb02018.x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QG724 UT WOS:A1994QG72400006 ER PT J AU REDDY, VR PACHEPSKY, LB ACOCK, B AF REDDY, VR PACHEPSKY, LB ACOCK, B TI RESPONSE OF CROP PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO CARBON-DIOXIDE, TEMPERATURE, AND LIGHT - EXPERIMENTATION AND MODELING SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT RP REDDY, VR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,SYST RES LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 008,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1415 EP 1422 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PW123 UT WOS:A1994PW12300007 ER PT J AU MAKUS, DJ AF MAKUS, DJ TI MINERAL NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF GREEN AND WHITE ASPARAGUS SPEARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS; FOOD COMPOSITION ID CANNED ASPARAGUS; FRESH AB Mineral nutrients were determined in green and white 'Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears grown in 1991 near Booneville, Ark. Green spears had higher concentrations of tissue N, K, P, S, Na, and Zn; similar levels of Fe, Al, and Cu; and lower levels of NO3 than white spears grown under opaque plastic rowcovers or under sawdust mulch. Levels of Ca, Mg, and Mn were higher in plastic-grown white spears than in those grown in sawdust. The spear tip contained higher concentrations of K, S, and Cu than the butt. Less NO3, Fe, and Al were in the tip than in the butt. Spear distribution gradients for K, Fe, and Cu were linear, whereas S and NO3 gradients were both linear and quadratic. Nitrogen, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Al, and Mn levels were influenced by spear production method and spear segment. RP MAKUS, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1468 EP 1469 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PW123 UT WOS:A1994PW12300017 ER PT J AU GIOVANNINI, D GLENN, DM SCORZA, R WELKER, WV AF GIOVANNINI, D GLENN, DM SCORZA, R WELKER, WV TI DRY-MATTER DISTRIBUTION OF 3 PEACH GROWTH TYPES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ROOT GROWTH; SHOOT GROWTH ID SHOOT; TREES AB Our objective was to evaluate the dry-matter partitioning between the roots and shoots of two genetically size-controlled peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] types, dwarf and pillar, compared to a full-sized standard peach type. Compared to the pillar and standard types, the dwarf type had a reduced leaf: root ratio, less allocation of dry matter to woody tissue and more to leaf tissue. Genetically size-controlled peach trees have a smaller root system, but a lower leaf: root ratio and may require modified soil and water management techniques to ensure high productivity. RP GIOVANNINI, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1481 EP 1483 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PW123 UT WOS:A1994PW12300021 ER PT J AU BEAVERS, WB SAMS, CE CONWAY, WS BROWN, GA AF BEAVERS, WB SAMS, CE CONWAY, WS BROWN, GA TI CALCIUM SOURCE AFFECTS CALCIUM CONTENT, FIRMNESS, AND DEGREE OF INJURY OF APPLES DURING STORAGE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CACL2; CALCIUM CHELATE; MALUS-DOMESTICA; POSTHARVEST; PRESSURE INFILTRATION ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; INFILTRATION; DECAY; FRUIT; RESPIRATION; CHLORIDE AB Fruit from five apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were pressure-infiltrated at 103 kPa for 6 min with a 0%, 0.73%, 1.46%, 2.91%, or 5.82% (w/v) Ca-equivalent solution of CaCl2, Ca EDTA chelate, or buffered CaCl2 solution (Stopit). The fruit were stored at 0 +/- 1C for 18 weeks and then evaluated for Ca content, firmness, and injury. Fruit treated with Ca chelate had no increase in fruit Ca content and were injured at all treatment levels. No significant differences occurred in fruit Ca levels between CaCl2 and Stopit treatments across all cultivars tested. Apples treated with Stopit were firmer than apples treated with CaCl2, when averaged across cultivars. Fruit Ca levels, firmness, and incidence of injury were positively correlated with concentrations of CaCl2 and Stopit for all cultivars. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BEAVERS, WB (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1520 EP 1523 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PW123 UT WOS:A1994PW12300031 ER PT J AU SHELLIE, KC MANGAN, RL AF SHELLIE, KC MANGAN, RL TI POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF VALENCIA ORANGE AFTER EXPOSURE TO HOT, MOIST, FORCED-AIR FOR FRUIT-FLY DISINFESTATION SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-SINENSIS; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; PHYTOSANITATION; QUARANTINE; HEAT TREATMENT ID INSECT QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE AB 'Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were exposed to moist, forced air (MFA) at 46, 47, or 50C for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours to identify the maximum temperature and duration of exposure for which there was no detectable reduction in fruit quality. The flavor of oranges exposed to MFA at 47 or 50C was rated significantly inferior to that of oranges exposed to 46C. The degree minutes that accumulated in the center of the fruit between 2 and 4 hours and the maximum fruit center temperature during the heat treatment were associated with inferior fruit flavor. Oranges exposed to MFA at 46C for up to 4 hours could not be distinguished from the nonheated fruit. MFA at 46C is a promising quarantine treatment for 'Valencia' oranges. RP SHELLIE, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1524 EP 1527 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PW123 UT WOS:A1994PW12300032 ER PT J AU HOOK, JE HANNA, WW AF HOOK, JE HANNA, WW TI DROUGHT RESISTANCE IN CENTIPEDEGRASS CULTIVARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EREMOCHLOA-OPHIUROIDES; TURFGRASS; IRRIGATION; DEHYDRATION AVOIDANCE ID QUALITY AB In our study, we sought to determine if an experimental cultivar of centipedegrass ['TC178'; Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] had superior turf characteristics under extended droughts. Common centipedegrass (CC), vegetatively propagated 'TC178' (VG178), and seed-propagated (F3) 'TC178' (SD178) were evaluated in a 2-year controlled watering study that compared turf characteristics and drought resistance. The grasses were established under an automated rainfall shelter and were subjected to three drought regimes: watered twice per week (no stress), 2 to 3 weeks between watering (moderate), and 4 to 6 weeks between watering (severe). Turf characteristics (visual rating and clipping biomass) were measured weekly and soil water content profiles were measured daily. Visual ratings among cultivars were similar for no-stress conditions, but visual ratings of SD178 and VG178 were 18% higher than for CC for moderate stress and 28% higher for severe stress. At the end of moderate stress periods, clipping of VG178 was 24% greater than for CC, but by the end of the severe stress periods, biomass from VG178 was 22% lower than for CC. Available soil water content profiles indicated that the three cultivars extracted soil water at the same rate. Visual ratings and growth decline with survival under severe stress showed that VG178 and SD178 had significantly better drought resistance than CC. 'TC178' provides a superior appearance turf that will stand up to the droughts common in its adapted region. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP HOOK, JE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1528 EP 1531 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PW123 UT WOS:A1994PW12300033 ER PT J AU GERCHEVA, P ZIMMERMAN, RH OWENS, LD BERRY, C HAMMERSCHLAG, FA AF GERCHEVA, P ZIMMERMAN, RH OWENS, LD BERRY, C HAMMERSCHLAG, FA TI PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT OF APPLE LEAF EXPLANTS INFLUENCES ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT FORMATION SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; MICROPROJECTILE; ORGANOGENESIS; BIOLISTICS ID INVITRO GROWN SHOOTS; PLANT-REGENERATION; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; GUS EXPRESSION; MAIZE; ORGANOGENESIS; ACCELERATION; FREQUENCY AB Shoot regeneration from apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaf explants following particle bombardment at various acceleration pressures was studied. Basal leaf segments of micropropagated 'Royal Gala' apple were bombarded with 1 mum gold particles, accelerated using helium pressures of 4.5, 6.2, 7.6, 9.3, or 13.8 MPa (650-2000 psi), and cultured on shoot regeneration medium consisting of N6 salts supplemented with 10 muM TDZ for 5, 10, or 20 days in darkness. Bombarded and control explants exhibited 63% to 100% shoot regeneration. With a 5-day dark period, average shoot production per explant ranged from 6.1 to 14; bombardments of 4.5 and 6.2 MPa significantly increased shoot production over the controls. With 10-day dark period, average shoot production per explant ranged from 9.1 to 22 following bombardment at 9.3 and 6.2 MPa, respectively. Following bombardment at 6.2 MPa, 75% of the explants produced more than 20 regenerants per explant. With a 20-day dark period, average shoot production per explant ranged from 8.9 to 19 following bombardment at 13.8 MPa and following no bombardment, respectively. Shoot production per explant was significantly less than the controls following bombardments ranging from 6.2 to 13.8 MPa. Shoot production was highest per explant with particle bombardment at 6.2 MPa followed by incubation in darkness for 10 days. Chemical name used: thidiazuron (TDZ). RP GERCHEVA, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1536 EP 1538 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PW123 UT WOS:A1994PW12300035 ER PT J AU BANOWETZ, GM HESS, JR CARMAN, JG AF BANOWETZ, GM HESS, JR CARMAN, JG TI A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AGAINST THE PLANT-GROWTH REGULATOR, ABSCISIC-ACID SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; (+)-ABSCISIC ACID; CRUDE EXTRACTS; LEAVES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; QUANTITATION; EMBRYOS; EXPRESSION AB Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the plant growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin through C-4. One of these antibodies was characterized for use in a competition fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (F-ELISA). The antibody detected femtomole quantities of ABA when used in the F-ELISA and showed minimal cross-reactivity with ABA metabolites and structural analogs. Dilution analysis suggested that the F-ELISA could be used to determine the ABA content of methanolic extracts of crude samples of wheat seeds without further purification. The F-ELISA was used to determine the effect of seed priming on ABA levels in wheat seeds. The antibody also was used in a modified noncompetitive indirect ELISA to measure ABA content of wheat caryopses. The noncompetitive ELISA was more sensitive than the F-ELISA, although the F-ELISA had a broader measuring range. When our anti-ABA antibody and a commercially available anti-ABA antibody were compared by indirect ELISA, there were no significant differences between the ABA estimates. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP BANOWETZ, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 6 BP 537 EP 541 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA PY896 UT WOS:A1994PY89600011 PM 7737678 ER PT J AU TALBOT, NC REXROAD, CE POWELL, AM PURSEL, VG CAPERNA, TJ OGG, SL NEL, ND AF TALBOT, NC REXROAD, CE POWELL, AM PURSEL, VG CAPERNA, TJ OGG, SL NEL, ND TI A CONTINUOUS-CULTURE OF PLURIPOTENT FETAL HEPATOCYTES DERIVED FROM THE 8-DAY EPIBLAST OF THE PIG SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE DIFFERENTIATION; EPIBLAST; HEPATOCYTE; PIG; PLURIPOTENT ID ADULT-RAT HEPATOCYTES; LEUKEMIA-INHIBITORY FACTOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR; PRIMORDIAL GERM-CELLS; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DNA-SYNTHESIS; OVAL CELLS; LIVER; DIFFERENTIATION AB Continuous cultures of pluripotent parenchymal hepatocytes were derived from the epiblasts of 8-day-old pig blastocysts. The cells were polygonal and had phase-contrast dark, granular cytoplasm with prominent nuclei and nucleoli. These feeder-dependent cell cultures differentiated into large, multicellular, secretory, duct-like structures or formed small canaliculi between individual cells. Alternatively, the cells accumulated droplets that stained intensely with Oil Red 0, a lipid-specific stain. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, and beta-fibrinogen mRNAs were expressed as the cells differentiated in culture. Serum-free medium that was conditioned by the cells contained transferrin, AFP, and albumin. The growth and viability of the cells were inhibited by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) at concentrations greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml. The cell cultures grew slowly with doubling times of 2 to 3 d. One of the cultures, pig inner cell mass-19 (PICM-19), was passaged continuously for over 2 yr [>100 population doublings (PD)] and appears to be an infinitely self-renewing cell population. The stem cell characteristics of the epiblast-derived fetal hepatocytes indicate that the cells may be unique for investigations of liver differentiation and organogenesis. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 30A IS 12 BP 843 EP 850 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA PY096 UT WOS:A1994PY09600007 PM 7534591 ER PT J AU TALBOT, NC PURSEL, VG REXROAD, CE CAPERNA, TJ POWELL, AM STONE, RT AF TALBOT, NC PURSEL, VG REXROAD, CE CAPERNA, TJ POWELL, AM STONE, RT TI COLONY ISOLATION AND SECONDARY CULTURE OF FETAL PORCINE HEPATOCYTES ON STO FEEDER CELLS SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE DIFFERENTIATION; FETAL; HEPATOCYTE; PIG ID LEUKEMIA-INHIBITORY FACTOR; ADULT-RAT HEPATOCYTES; LONG-TERM CULTURE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LIVER; LINE; DIFFERENTIATION; MAINTENANCE AB The secondary culture of non-transformed parenchymal hepatocytes has not been possible. STO feeder cell-dependent secondary cultures of fetal pig hepatocytes were established by colony isolation from primary cultures of 26-d fetal livers. The liver cells had the typical polygonal morphology of parenchymal hepatocytes. They also spontaneously differentiated to form small biliary canaliculi between individual cells or progressed further to large multicellular duct-like structures or cells undergoing gross lipid accumulation and secretion. The secondary hepatocyte cultures expressed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, and beta-fibrinogen mRNA, and conditioned medium from the cells contained elevated levels of transferrin and albumin. STO feeder cell co-culture may be useful for the sustainable culture of hepatocytes from other species. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP TALBOT, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 30A IS 12 BP 851 EP 858 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA PY096 UT WOS:A1994PY09600008 PM 7534592 ER PT J AU PUGH, GW TABATABAI, LB AF PUGH, GW TABATABAI, LB TI ALTERATION OF PROTECTIVE AND SEROLOGIC RESPONSES IN BALB/C MICE VACCINATED WITH CHEMICALLY-MODIFIED VERSUS NONMODIFIED PROTEINS OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-19 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SALT-EXTRACTABLE PROTEINS; CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIGENS; INFECTION; CATTLE; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIBODIES AB A study was conducted to determine whether the covalent chemical modification of Brucella abortus 19 salt extractable proteins (BCSP) and BCSP derivatives would modulate the immune responses in BALB/c mice. Salt extractable proteins BCSP 0-70 and BCSP 70-100 were modified with acetoacetic anhydride, acid recombinant proteins rBCSP20 (20 kDa), rBCSP31 (31 kDa), and rBCSP45 (45 kDa) were modified,vith succinic and dodecanoyl anhydrides. Four weeks after mice were vaccinated with the different preparations, principal and control mice were challenge exposed with a virulent culture of B. abortus 2308, and mice were necropsied 2 weeks: later. Serum samples were obtained immediately before mice were challenge exposed and at necropsy. Sera were tested for specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acylation decreased the immune responses (increased IgG antibodies and reduced spleen CFU and splenomegaly) induced by both BCSP 0-70 and BCSP 70-100. Modification of the recombinant proteins by dodecanoyl and succinic anhydrides had no effect on the protection induced; however, the IgG serologic responses to the homologous and heterologous proteins were altered. Monophosphoryl lipid A markedly enhanced the immunogenicity of BCSP 0-70. RP PUGH, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 62 IS 12 BP 5327 EP 5334 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PT329 UT WOS:A1994PT32900018 PM 7960111 ER PT J AU ERICKSON, AK BAKER, DR BOSWORTH, BT CASEY, TA BENFIELD, DA FRANCIS, DH AF ERICKSON, AK BAKER, DR BOSWORTH, BT CASEY, TA BENFIELD, DA FRANCIS, DH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE INTESTINAL RECEPTORS FOR THE K88AC FIMBRIAL ADHESIN OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI AS MUCIN-TYPE SIALOGLYCOPROTEINS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANES; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PIG PHENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; BINDING; GLYCOPROTEINS; ANTIGEN; SYSTEM AB We have previously identified two K88ac adhesin receptors (210 and 240 kDa),which are present in membrane preparations from adhesive but not nonadhesive porcine intestinal brush border cells; these adhesin receptors are postulated to be important determinants of the susceptibility of pigs to K88ac(+) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections (A. IZ. Erickson, J. A. Willgohs, S. Y. McFarland, D. A. Benfield, and D. F. Francis, Infect. immun. 60:983-988, 1992). We now describe a procedure for the purification of these two receptors. Receptors were solubilized from adhesive intestinal brush border vesicles using deoxycholate and were purified by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B and then by hydroxyapatite chromatography. Amino acid compositional analyses indicated that the two receptors have similar amino acid compositions. The most distinguishing characteristic of both receptors is a high percentage of threonine and proline residues, Neuraminidase treatment caused the K88ac adhesin receptors to migrate with a slower mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, indicating that these receptors are sialoglycoproteins. Results from lectin-binding studies indicated that the receptors contain O-linked oligosaccharides composed of galactosyl (beta-1,3)N-acetylgalactosamine, alpha-linked fucose, galactosyl(beta-1,4)N-acetylglucosamine, sialic acid, galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine. Collectively, these characteristics indicate that the K88ac adhesin receptors are mucin-type sialoglycoproteins. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV, DEPT VET SCI, BROOKINGS, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, PATHOPHYSIOL RES UNIT, AMES, IA 50010 USA. OI Benfield, David/0000-0001-6492-3830 NR 43 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 62 IS 12 BP 5404 EP 5410 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PT329 UT WOS:A1994PT32900027 PM 7960120 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, KR ALMEIDA, RA OLIVER, SP AF MATTHEWS, KR ALMEIDA, RA OLIVER, SP TI BOVINE MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELL INVASION BY STREPTOCOCCUS-UBERIS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; INFECTION; PATHOGENS AB Streptococcus uberis commonly causes bovine mastitis; however, the pathogenesis of this infection is poorly understood. In this study, the ability of S. uberis to invade mammary epithelial cells in culture was investigated. Two strains of S. uberis isolated from bovine mammary secretions were capable of invading bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro at different levels, suggesting strain differences in invasiveness. Invasion required microfilaments but not microtubular cytoskeletal elements. No morphological changes in epithelial cells were observed for up to 24 h postinfection, suggesting no cellular injury. Strains of S. uberis evaluated were genetically distinct and differed phenotypically in expression of potential virulence factors. Whether a single factor or combination of factors was responsible for differences in invasiveness was not addressed in this study. These data provide a foundation for a better understanding of the processes used by S. uberis to invade epithelial cells. Epithelial cell invasion may be a potentially important mechanism in the pathogenesis of S. uberis mastitis. C1 USDA ARS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. UNIV TENNESSEE,INST AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 62 IS 12 BP 5641 EP 5646 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PT329 UT WOS:A1994PT32900059 PM 7960146 ER PT J AU BUCKNER, JS NELSON, DR MARDAUS, MC AF BUCKNER, JS NELSON, DR MARDAUS, MC TI THE LIPID-COMPOSITION OF THE WAX PARTICLES FROM ADULT WHITEFLIES, BEMISIA-TABACI AND TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY; GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY; BEMISIA TABACI; TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM; WAXES; WAX PARTICLES; LONG-CHAIN ALDEHYDES; LONG-CHAIN ALCOHOLS; WAX ESTERS ID CUTICULAR LIPIDS; SCALE INSECTS; HOMOPTERA; ARTHROPODS AB Adult whiteflies are characterized by the presence of copious amounts of wax particles covering all surfaces of the body except the eyes. The lipid composition was determined for wax particles removed from the surfaces of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). The lipid components in the wax particles of both species were mostly mixtures of long-chain aldehydes and long-chain primary alcohols. The major wax particle components for B. tabaci were C-34 aldehyde and C-34 alcohol and small amounts of C-32 aldhyde and alcohol. For the wax particles from T. vaporariorum, C-32 aldehyde and C-32 alcohol were the major components with lesser amounts of the C-30 components. These findings were compared to the surface lipids of fully-waxed B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum adults that contained, in addition to the major amounts of long-chain aldehydes and alcohols, quantities of long-chain wax esters. Wax esters were not present in lipid extracts from the surface of B. tabaci whiteflies at the time of adult emergence (prior to deposition of wax particles). Thus, the appearance of wax esters on the cuticular surfaces occurred during the period of deposition of wax particles. The quantities of wax esters in the surface lipid extracts of wing tissues separated from the bodies of adult whiteflies indicated that the wing surfaces were a major site of wax ester deposition. RP BUCKNER, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 10 BP 977 EP 987 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)90135-X PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA QJ138 UT WOS:A1994QJ13800005 ER PT J AU LEITER, LA LUKASKI, HC KENNY, DJ BARNIE, A CAMELON, K FERGUSON, RS MACLEAN, S SIMKINS, S ZINMAN, B CLEARY, PA AF LEITER, LA LUKASKI, HC KENNY, DJ BARNIE, A CAMELON, K FERGUSON, RS MACLEAN, S SIMKINS, S ZINMAN, B CLEARY, PA TI THE USE OF BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS (BIA) TO ESTIMATE BODY-COMPOSITION IN THE DIABETES CONTROL AND COMPLICATIONS TRIAL (DCCT) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE; BODY COMPOSITION; DIABETES; DUAL X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; IDDM ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; SOFT-TISSUE COMPOSITION; WHOLE-BODY; VALIDATION AB Although weight gain often accompanies intensive treatment regimens designed to achieve near-normal glycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), body composition (BC) has not been well studied. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe, rapid, and non-invasive method of assessing no but has not been utilized widely in IDDM. Data from 46 adults with IDDM were used to develop a regression model estimating fat-free body mass (FFM) from bioimpedance measurements obtained using a proximal electrode placement. Reference values of FFM were determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A model using the ratio of height squared to the minimum resistance of 4 limb-lead combinations (H-2/R), total body weight, and a weight-gender interaction achieved a high level of accuracy (R(2) = 0.982, residual standard deviation = 1.43 kg), while studies of 10 subjects before and after a light meal found no short-term effect of glycemia on measured BIA variables. BIA will therefore be used in combination with waist-to-hip ratios to study the composition and distribution of the increased weight associated with intensive therapy in the DCCT. C1 UNIV TORONTO, ST MICHAELS HOSP, DEPT MED, TORONTO M5B 1W8, ON, CANADA. UNIV TORONTO, ST MICHAELS HOSP, DEPT NUTR SCI, TORONTO M5B 1W8, ON, CANADA. USDA ARS, GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, GRAND FORKS, ND 58202 USA. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, CTR BIOSTAT, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. RI Zinman, Bernard/E-7266-2013 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 EI 1476-5497 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 12 BP 829 EP 835 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA PT934 UT WOS:A1994PT93400008 PM 7894522 ER PT J AU SADRUDDIN, SY HAKIM, RS LOEB, M AF SADRUDDIN, SY HAKIM, RS LOEB, M TI PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MIDGUT EPITHELIAL-CELLS FROM MANDUCA-SEXTA, IN-VITRO SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE MIDGUT EPITHELIUM; GOBLET; STEM; COLUMNAR CELLS; IN VITRO; PRIMARY CULTURE; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE (20HE); FAT BODY ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LARVAL MIDGUT; MOTH; GROWTH; INVITRO; LINES AB We have developed an insect midgut primary cell culture from pharate fourth instar larvae of Manduca sexta. An enriched Grace's medium supplemented with pupal fat body from Lymantria dispar and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) supported stem cell proliferation and differentiation and maintained larval columnar and goblet cell morphology. Cell kinetics indicate that stem cells differentiate to columnar and goblet cells in culture. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,PSI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SADRUDDIN, SY (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT ANAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0168-8170 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1080/07924259.1994.9672418 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA PY322 UT WOS:A1994PY32200004 ER PT J AU MUCK, RE OKIELY, P AF MUCK, RE OKIELY, P TI LYSOZYME AS A POTENTIAL SILAGE ADDITIVE SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CLOSTRIDIA; LUCERNE; LYSOZYME; RYEGRASS; SILAGE AB Four experiments were performed to determine if lysozyme could inhibit clostridial fermentation during ensiling. In Experiments 1 and 2, unwilted perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) received either no additive, formic acid, or one of three lysozyme treatments (20, 50 and 100 mg/kg fresh matter (FM) in Experiment 1; 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg FM in Experiment 2). The grass was ensiled in plastic-pipe silos (13.3 1), stored under ambient conditions and opened for analysis after 67 and 29 days in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In Experiments 3 and 4, unwilted lucerne (Medicago sativa) received either no additive or Clostridium tyrobutyricum inoculant alone or with lysozyme at 20 or 100 mg/kg FM. The lucerne was ensiled in centrifuge tubes (100 ml), incubated at 39-degrees-C, and duplicate silos were analysed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 (or 33) days. In Experiment 1, no butyric acid was detected in any of the silages. In Experiment 2, all silages underwent extensive clostridial fermentation, but the higher lysozyme treatments affected the relative proportions of clostridial fermentation products. In both Experiments 3 and 4, the lucerne silages treated with 20 mg lysozyme underwent considerable clostridial fermentation and there was no difference in fermentation characteristics between these silages and those receiving clostridial inoculant alone. Treatment with lysozyme at 100 mg/kg did not prevent clostridial activity during 32 days of fermentation but delayed its development. Lysozyme activity in silage extracts was virtually absent even within 1 day of ensiling, suggesting that lysozyme was inactivated or hydrolysed by proteolytic activity. RP MUCK, RE (reprint author), USDA,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA QC410 UT WOS:A1994QC41000006 ER PT J AU ZARA, PM SELLEY, R CAHOON, JE FERGUSON, R AF ZARA, PM SELLEY, R CAHOON, JE FERGUSON, R TI SIMULATING N-LEACHING IN FURROW-IRRIGATED CORN SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL AB Crop simulation models are increasingly used to evaluate the effect of alternative agricultural practices on crop yields and the environment. Difficulty in obtaining concise field data often requires that simulation results reflect a single point assumed to represent average field condition. Results of this study indicate that the single point analysis can have significant effects upon estimates of nitrogen leaching and crop yield under various surface irrigation practices. Practices considered illustrate the effects of differences in infiltration along the row, between irrigations, and between irrigated sets. Attempts to add intermediate realism in describing the irrigation system may not improve yield and leaching estimates over the single point simulation when compared to simulation results where even more realism is introduced. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,S CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP ZARA, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ECL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 4 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA PV368 UT WOS:A1994PV36800004 ER PT J AU LEHRFELD, J AF LEHRFELD, J TI HPLC SEPARATION AND QUANTITATION OF PHYTIC ACID AND SOME INOSITOL PHOSPHATES IN FOODS - PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HPLC; PHYTIC ACID; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; ION-PAIR CHROMATOGRAPHY ID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A macroporous polymer column was used to resolve a mixture of inositol hexakis-, pentakis-, tetrakis-, and trisphosphates within 5-9 min. Optimized eluting systems based on acetonitrile or methanol had improved resolution and reduced chromatographic run times. The silica-based anion exchange column used in the analysis of cereal samples was used to prepare small amounts of pure inositol pentakis-, tetrakis-, and trisphosphates for calibration standards. A number of potential analytical problems are discussed, and solutions are proposed. RP LEHRFELD, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2726 EP 2731 DI 10.1021/jf00048a015 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY231 UT WOS:A1994PY23100015 ER PT J AU AHARONSON, N LEHOTAY, SJ IBRAHIM, MA AF AHARONSON, N LEHOTAY, SJ IBRAHIM, MA TI SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION AND HPLC ANALYSIS OF BENZIMIDAZOLE FUNGICIDES IN POTATO, APPLE, AND BANANA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE); RESIDUE ANALYSIS; BENZIMIDAZOLE FUNGICIDES; FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; THIABENDAZOLE; FOODS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; OPTIMIZATION; PRODUCTS; BENOMYL; MATRIX; ASSAY AB An analytical method employing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the benzimidazole fungicides thiabendazole, benomyl/carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl was developed and tested with potato, banana, and apple matrices. Ion-pairing HPLC coupled with UV absorbance or fluorescence detection was used for analysis. Sample preparation involved shredding a 100 g sample, mixing a 3 g subsample with 2 g of Hydromatrix, and packing a 10 mL vessel. Optimal SFE conditions were determined by varying the amount, density, and flow rate of CO2, extraction temperature, type and amount of solvent modifier, and trapping/elution conditions of the extracted pesticides. Optimal conditions for extraction were obtained at 400 atm, 60 degrees C, 90 g of CO2, 3% methanol modifier, and 2 mL/min flow rate. The extracts were collected on a 1 mL C-18 trap at 25 degrees C and eluted with 10 mL of methanol. Potato, apple, and banana extracts were analyzed by HPLC without additional cleanup. Recoveries were 90 +/- 12% for the benzimidazole fungicides in fortified samples. Incurred potato and banana samples were also analyzed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2817 EP 2823 DI 10.1021/jf00048a031 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY231 UT WOS:A1994PY23100031 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG JOHNSON, PE ROSSOW, KL AF REEVES, PG JOHNSON, PE ROSSOW, KL TI ABSORPTION AND ORGAN CONTENT OF CADMIUM FROM THE KERNELS OF CONFECTIONERY SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS) FED TO MALE-RATS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CADMIUM; ABSORPTION; SUNFLOWER KERNELS; RATS ID METALLOTHIONEIN; ACCUMULATION; TISSUES; DIET AB The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of cadmium from the kernels of sunflowers grown in soils containing a natural abundance of cadmium. Weanling male rats were used as the experimental model. Fresh sunflower kernels containing either 330 or 780 mu g Cd/kg were ground and added to a purified rodent diet at 20%. Cadmium chloride was added to purified diets without kernels. After 10 weeks, a test meal of each diet, containing Cd-109, was fed and whole-body counting techniques were used to estimate cadmium absorption. Cadmium absorption from all diets ranged from 0.39 to 0.55%. Absorption was 30% less (P < 0.001) from diets containing kernels than from those that did not. The concentrations of cadmium in various organs were proportional to the amounts in the diet but highest in the intestinal mucosa. Cadmium tended to be lower in organs of rats fed diets with sunflower kernels than in those of rats fed diets without sunflower kernels. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2836 EP 2843 DI 10.1021/jf00048a034 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY231 UT WOS:A1994PY23100034 ER PT J AU CUI, MW BURTON, HR BUSH, LP SUTTON, TG CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ AF CUI, MW BURTON, HR BUSH, LP SUTTON, TG CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ TI EFFECT OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE APPLICATION ON ACCUMULATION OF TOBACCO-SPECIFIC NITROSAMINES IN AIR-CURED BURLEY TOBACCO SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MALEIC HYDRAZIDE; NICOTIANA TABACUM L; ALKALOID; TOBACCO-SPECIFIC NITROSAMINES (TSNA); NITRITE; NITRATE ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SENESCENCE; ALKALOIDS AB A two year study was initiated to determine the effect of maleic hydrazide application rates (0.5x, 1.0x, 1.5x, and 2.0x the recommended rate) and methods (single, split, and reduced volume application) on accumulation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and the correlation between TSNA and their precursors in burley tobacco. With increased MH application rates, alkaloids and nitrate levels decreased, whereas nitrite level was not affected. TSNAs were significantly lower (30-50%) in the lamina from the top stalk position than the hand-suckered control. N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N'-nitrosoana-basine (NAB), and N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) were lowered by 15-51%, 36-65%, 38-61%, and 30-58%, respectively, at the top stalk position. TSNA content was significantly correlated with the content of alkaloid in the lamina. These results suggest that MH application may alter precursors-TSNA relationship which results in decreases of TSNA in air-cured burley tobacco. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2912 EP 2916 DI 10.1021/jf00048a050 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY231 UT WOS:A1994PY23100050 ER PT J AU MCCLUNG, G DICK, WA KARNS, JS AF MCCLUNG, G DICK, WA KARNS, JS TI EPTC DEGRADATION BY ISOLATED SOIL-MICROORGANISMS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE; METABOLISM; HYDROLYSIS; BIODEGRADATION; PLASMIDS; CARBAMOTHIOATE ID ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; THIOCARBAMATE HERBICIDES; BUTYLATE; DIETHOLATE; STRAIN AB Microorganisms capable of degrading the herbicide EPTC (S-ethyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate) were isolated from three soils with and without histories of carbamothioate use. All EPTC-degrading isolates belonged to the genus Rhodococcus. All three isolates in pure culture systems degraded 50 mu g mL(-1) of technical EPTC in as little as 14 h at low cell densities and used the molecule as a sole source of carbon and energy. Growth of the isolates in rich media led to the frequent loss of EPTC-degrading ability, although plasmids encoding for EPTC degradation could not be identified. [C-14]-EPTC experiments suggested that the degradation of EPTC proceeds by initial attack at the carbonyl Linkage, followed by degradation of the dipropylamine side chain. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,NRI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2926 EP 2931 DI 10.1021/jf00048a053 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY231 UT WOS:A1994PY23100053 ER PT J AU FRENCH, RC NESTER, SE BINDER, RG AF FRENCH, RC NESTER, SE BINDER, RG TI VOLATILES FROM GERMINATING CANADA THISTLE SEED AND ROOT CUTTINGS THAT STIMULATE GERMINATION OF TELIOSPORES OF THE CANADA THISTLE RUST FUNGUS, PUCCINIA-PUNCTIFORMIS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NOXIOUS WEEDS; FUNGAL SPORES; STIMULATORY AROMA; BIOCONTROL; C-13 POLYACETYLENES AB Volatiles collected from germinating Canada thistle, (Cirsium arvense L.) seeds stimulated germination of the teliospores of the Canada thistle rust organism, Puccinia punctiformis. As thistle seed germination increased to 92% in 7 days, germination of teliospores on 1% agar test plates exposed to the volatiles in the germination chamber increased from 0% to 50%. Seedling volatiles collected on Tenax columns increased germination up to 31% after 7 days. Volatiles from undamaged germinating seeds represent normal, endogenous products. Two tridecylpolyacetylene compounds isolated from safflower (Binder et al., 1977) stimulated germination of the teliospores of P. punctiformis. Volatiles collected from root cuttings of Canada thistle, which may become infected when root buds are inoculated with teliospores (French and Lightfield, 1990), also stimulated teliospore germination. Secondary shoots from seed inoculated with teliospores were systemically; infected after 5 weeks. This information may be useful in manipulating the Canada thistle rust fungus for use as a biocontrol agent. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP FRENCH, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FT DETRICK,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2937 EP 2941 DI 10.1021/jf00048a055 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY231 UT WOS:A1994PY23100055 ER PT J AU BINDER, RG FRENCH, RC AF BINDER, RG FRENCH, RC TI VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF CANADA THISTLE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CANADA THISTLE; CIRSIUM ARVENSE; VOLATILES; POLYACETYLENES; SPORE GERMINATION STIMULANTS ID APLOTAXENE DERIVATIVES; GERMINATION; TELIOSPORES; SAFFLOWER; ROOTS AB Volatile components of Canada thistle [(Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] roots were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among 24 compounds identified, there were seven C-13 polyacetylenes, seven unsaturated C-15-C-17 straight-chain hydrocarbons, and five epoxides derived from the C-16 and C-17 hydrocarbons. The major components are cis-8,9-epoxyheptadeca-1,11,14-triene and 8,9-dihydroxyheptadeca-1,11,14-triene. Sesquiterpenes gamma-humulene and beta-selinene are present. Compounds obtained from germinating thistle seed were inspected for C-13 polyacetylene content and ability to stimulate germination of teliospores of the Canada thistle rust organism Puccinia punctiformis. As development of C-13 polyacetylenes in the seedlings increased, so also did spore germination activity, and these compounds seem responsible for this activity. C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP BINDER, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2942 EP 2945 DI 10.1021/jf00048a056 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY231 UT WOS:A1994PY23100056 ER PT J AU MACNEIL, MD NEWMAN, S AF MACNEIL, MD NEWMAN, S TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF CALVING DATE IN MILES-CITY-LINE-1 HEREFORD CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CALVING DATE; VARIANCE COMPONENTS; GENETIC TREND ID AUSTRALIAN BEEF-CATTLE; PREWEANING GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE; PARAMETERS; SIMULATION; PREGNANCY; BULLS; COWS AB A model for genetic analysis of calving date was proposed and variance components, genetic trends, and fixed effects for calving date were estimated in the Miles City Line 1 Hereford cattle population. There were 951 pedigree records that predated 1935, when data collection began, and 4,692 subsequent recorded calving dates through 1989. The statistical model included fixed linear continuous effects for inbreeding of calf and inbreeding of dam, discrete fixed effects for year, sex of calf, and age and previous parity of dam, and random sources of variation for individual (calf) and maternal additive genetic effects, and environmental effects of dams, mating groups, and residuals. All effects were estimated simultaneously by derivative-free procedures for REML. Male calves were born 1.58 +/- .40 d later than female calves. Cows failing to wean a calf in the previous year calved 2.81 +/- .81 d earlier than cows that had weaned a calf. Other fixed effects were small. Variance components (d(2)) were 23.0 for individual additive genetic effects, 5.8 for maternal additive genetic effects, 9.2 for maternal permanent environmental effects, 11.8 for contemporary group effects, and 161.3 for residual effects. Environmental trend was +.17 d/yr and individual additive genetic trend was -.07 d/yr. No maternal additive genetic trend was detected. These results do not encourage the use of calving day as a selection criterion for improving fertility of beef cattle. RP MACNEIL, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 3073 EP 3079 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PV564 UT WOS:A1994PV56400007 PM 7759355 ER PT J AU MURPHY, TA LOERCH, SC MCCLURE, KE SOLOMON, MB AF MURPHY, TA LOERCH, SC MCCLURE, KE SOLOMON, MB TI EFFECTS OF RESTRICTED FEEDING ON GROWTH-PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RESTRICTED FEEDING; CONCENTRATES; LAMBS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; MEAT CUTS AB Fifty-eight crossbred lambs (26 kg BW) with moderate growth potential were used in a completely randomized design experiment to determine the effects of restricted feeding of all-concentrate diets on performance and carcass composition. Feeding levels studied were 100, 85, and 70% of ad libitum intake. Diets that were restricted-fed were formulated to have increased nutrient concentrations to provide equal daily intakes of protein, vitamins, and minerals among DM intake levels. Lambs were fed to a final weight that would yield carcasses of equal weight (24 kg). Average daily gain was reduced linearly (P < .02) and days on feed were increased linearly (P < .02) because of restricted feeding. Feed efficiency, however, was not affected by intake level. The quantity of separable lean tissue within carcass sides was increased (P < .05) with restricted feeding. Total separable fat within the side was reduced (P < .05) in an amount equal to the increase in lean tissue accretion. Chemical analysis of the carcass side showed a decrease (P < .05) in fat percentage and a corresponding increase (P < .05) in water percentage because of restricted feeding. Daily accretion rates of lean and bone tissue were not affected by restricted feeding; however, fat accretion was decreased linearly with decreasing feeding levels. Separable lean tissue within the primal cuts was generally increased with decreasing intakes, which led to a corresponding decrease in separable fat. Restricted feeding strategies can lead to the production of leaner carcasses. Reductions in fat content occur in the subcutaneous, seam, and mesenteric depot sites, but intramuscular fat content of consumable product also is reduced. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ANIM SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 3131 EP 3137 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PV564 UT WOS:A1994PV56400014 PM 7759362 ER PT J AU MURPHY, TA LOERCH, SC MCCLURE, KE SOLOMON, MB AF MURPHY, TA LOERCH, SC MCCLURE, KE SOLOMON, MB TI EFFECTS OF GRAIN OR PASTURE FINISHING SYSTEMS ON CARCASS COMPOSITION AND TISSUE ACCRETION RATES OF LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FINISHING SYSTEM; FORAGE; CONCENTRATES; CARCASS COMPOSITION; LAMBS ID GROWTH; INSULIN; EWE AB The effects of finishing system on growth performance and carcass composition were determined in an experiment using 40 crossbred, early-weaned lambs (28 kg BW). Finishing systems were 1) grazed alfalfa, 2) 100% concentrate diet fed in drylot, and 3) grazed ryegrass for 42 d followed by a 100% concentrate diet fed in drylot. All lambs were fed to similar final weights (48 kg). Average daily gain was greater for lambs placed directly in the feedlot than for lambs on the other two finishing protocols. The quantity of separable lean tissue and bone were not affected by finishing system. However, quantity of total fat and each of the three major fat depot sites (subcutaneous, seam, and mesenteric) were reduced (P < .05) in alfalfa-finished lambs compared with fat in lambs fed concentrate at some time during finishing. Daily accretion rates of lean and fat tissue were greater (P < .05) for lambs placed directly in drylot than for lambs that consumed forage at some time. In addition, daily fat accretion rates were greater in lambs placed directly in drylot than in lambs that initially grazed ryegrass. Composition of individual primal cuts revealed reductions (P < .05) in total separable fat with alfalfa finishing compared with the other two systems. However, chemical composition of the lean tissue within the primal cuts was not affected by finishing system, with the exception of the loin and breast. Finishing systems based on grazed forage can lead to the production of leaner carcasses, but major differences in the composition of consumable product were not observed. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ANIM SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 3138 EP 3144 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PV564 UT WOS:A1994PV56400015 PM 7759363 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TL CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF WHEELER, TL CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI EFFECT OF MARBLING DEGREE ON BEEF PALATABILITY IN BOS-TAURUS AND BOS-INDICUS CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; BREED; MARBLING; PALATABILITY; TENDERNESS; YIELD ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; MEAT PALATABILITY; CROSSBRED STEERS; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; TENDERNESS; BRAHMAN; HEREFORD; QUALITY; ANGUS AB This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between marbling score and breed-type (Bos taurus vs greater than or equal to 1/4 Bos indicus) on palatability of cooked beef. One thousand six hundred sixty-seven steers and heifers (1,337 Bos taurus and 330 Bos indicus x Bos taurus crosses) that had been managed and fed alike were used. Shear force and tenderness rating indicated that meat from Bos indicus cattle was less tender (P < .05) than meat from Bos taurus cattle, regardless of marbling score. Meat from Bos indicus cattle decreased (P < .05) in shear force as marbling increased from Traces to Small. Meat from Bos taurus cattle also decreased (P < .05) in shear force as marbling increased from Traces to Small, but Small was not different (P < .05) from Modest or Moderate marbling. In addition, variation in shear force was lower (P < .05) in meat from Bos taurus cattle and tended to decrease as marbling increased. Meat with Modest and Moderate marbling from Bos taurus cattle was more juicy (P < .05) than meat with Traces or Slight marbling. Beef flavor intensity rating was not affected (P > .05) by marbling score in either Bos taurus or Bos indicus cattle. Percentage yield of retail product decreased(P < .05) as marbling score increased but was not related (P > .05) to shear force or tenderness rating. These data indicate that the small, positive association of marbling score with palatability was similar in meat from both Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle but reinforce the need for a direct measure of tenderness to supplement marbling to more accurately segregate carcasses for meat palatability. RP WHEELER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 32 TC 114 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 3145 EP 3151 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PV564 UT WOS:A1994PV56400016 PM 7759364 ER PT J AU VALLET, JL CHRISTENSON, RK AF VALLET, JL CHRISTENSON, RK TI EFFECT OF ESTRONE TREATMENT FROM DAY-30 TO DAY-45 OF PREGNANCY ON ENDOMETRIAL PROTEIN SECRETION AND UTERINE CAPACITY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PREGNANCY; PIGS; UTERUS; ESTRONE; ENDOMETRIUM ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; PROGESTERONE; PIG; UTEROFERRIN; CONCEPTUS; UTERUS; SWINE; GILTS; GESTATION; GROWTH AB Secretion of proteins by the endometrium of pigs during pregnancy is reported to be influenced by progesterone and estrogen. The effect of estrone treatment from d 30 to 45 of pregnancy on endometrial protein secretion and uterine capacity was tested in unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (UHO) gilts. Ten intact and 16 UHO crossbred gilts were mated and assigned to the following treatments: 1) intact controls, n = 10; 2) UHO, n = 8; and 3) UHO + estrone (E; two 150-mg implants, 60-d release, implanted on d 30 of gestation), n = 8. Gilts were killed on d 45 of pregnancy. A sample of allantoic fluid was collected from each conceptus. Blood and endometrial tissue samples were collected to evaluate estrone concentrations, and placental and endometrial tissues were incubated to evaluate protein secretion. Estrone treatment increased (P < .01) plasma and endometrial tissue estrone concentrations. Unilateral hysterectomy-ovariectomy decreased (P < .01) fetal survival. No effect of estrone was detected on the number of live fetuses, protein secretion by endometrial tissue in culture, or allantoic fluid protein, acid phosphatase, retinol binding protein, or retinol. Estrone treatment decreased uterine weight (P = .05) and allantoic fluid fructose concentrations (P < .05). After correction for allantoic fluid volume, allantoic fluid protein, retinol, and acid phosphatase activity were decreased (P < .05) in UHO-treated pigs. The UHO treatment did not affect allantoic fluid fructose concentrations. These results indicate that 1) estrone treatment from d 30 to 45 of pregnancy and at the dosage used did not alter endometrial protein secretion or fetal survival, and 2) UHO decreased the amount of endometrial proteins available to conceptuses. RP VALLET, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 3188 EP 3195 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PV564 UT WOS:A1994PV56400021 PM 7759369 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, CK HARMON, DL PRIOR, RL TYRRELL, HF AF REYNOLDS, CK HARMON, DL PRIOR, RL TYRRELL, HF TI EFFECTS OF MESENTERIC VEIN L-ALANINE INFUSION ON LIVER-METABOLISM OF ORGANIC-ACIDS BY BEEF HEIFERS FED DIETS DIFFERING IN FORAGE-CONCENTRATE RATIO SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVIDAE; LIVER; VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS; AMINO ACIDS ID PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; HEPATIC NUTRIENT FLUX; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; PLASMA AMINO-ACIDS; ORCHARDGRASS SILAGE; STARCH DIGESTION; NET ABSORPTION; FED ALFALFA; BLOOD-FLOW; FED SHEEP AB Effects of diet forage:concentrate ratio and mesenteric vein L-alanine infusion on net VFA metabolism by portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver were determined in four multicatheterized Hereford x Angus heifers (443 kg BW) fed in equal meals every 2 h pelleted, isonitrogenous diets containing 75% alfalfa or 75% corn:soybean meal (SBM) in a balanced single reversal of diets with 6 wk for adaptation. In addition, effects of L-alanine infusion on net metabolism of individual amino acids (AA) by PDV and liver was determined when heifers were fed 75% corn:SBM. Four measurements of blood flow (p-aminohippurate dilution) and net flux of VFA and AA (venous-arterial difference times blood flow) were obtained at 30-min intervals immediately before beginning and ending a 24-h mesenteric vein infusion of L-alanine at 75 mmol/h. Net PDV absorption of acetate (P < .02), propionate (P < .02), and total VFA (P < .02) was lower when 75% corn:SBM was fed, reflecting increased carbohydrate digestion postruminally and only partially balanced by increases in net PDV glucose absorption reported previously. In addition, net PDV absorption of n-butyrate was lower when 75% alfalfa was fed. Excluding acetate, net liver removal of VFA was 83 to 108% of their net PDV release. L-Alanine infusion did not affect net PDV or liver flux of VFA but decreased net total splanchnic (PDV plus liver) release of propionate (P < .07) and n-butyrate (P < .03) and decreased (P < .10) net PDV release and liver removal of glycine. In spite of the increase in liver L-alanine removal, the ratio of glucose release to precursor removal remained remarkably constant across the liver when L-alanine was infused, emphasizing the tight control of liver glucose release and the dynamic interplay of precursor supply and removal in the maintenance of liver carbon balance. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ANIM SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP REYNOLDS, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,ROOM 124,BLDG 200,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 12 BP 3196 EP 3206 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PV564 UT WOS:A1994PV56400022 PM 7759370 ER PT J AU SHA, ZY STABEL, TJ MAYFIELD, JE AF SHA, ZY STABEL, TJ MAYFIELD, JE TI BRUCELLA-ABORTUS CATALASE IS A PERIPLASMIC PROTEIN LACKING A STANDARD SIGNAL SEQUENCE SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TARGETING SIGNAL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA AB A periplasmic catalase has been purified and cloned from Brucella abortus. The functional enzyme is a tetramer with a subunit molecular weight of 55,000. All evidence indicates that a typical N-terminal signal sequence is not associated with the export of this protein to the periplasm. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,MOLEC CELLULAR & DEV BIOL PROGRAM,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 176 IS 23 BP 7375 EP 7377 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PT620 UT WOS:A1994PT62000030 PM 7961511 ER PT J AU RICH, JJ KINSCHERF, TG KITTEN, T WILLIS, DK AF RICH, JJ KINSCHERF, TG KITTEN, T WILLIS, DK TI GENETIC-EVIDENCE THAT THE GACA GENE ENCODES THE COGNATE RESPONSE REGULATOR FOR THE LEMA SENSOR IN PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PV SYRINGAE; 2-COMPONENT REGULATORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LESION FORMATION; PROTEIN; SYRINGOMYCIN; MOLECULES; SEQUENCE; REGION; UVRC AB Mutational analysis of the bean-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a has led to the genetic identification of the gacA gene as encoding the response regulator for the unlinked lemA sensor kinase. The analysis of a collection of spontaneous mutants of P. syringae pv. syringae suggested that the gacA gene was involved in lesion formation and the production of protease and syringomycin. The gacA gene originally was identified as a regulator of extracellular antibiotic production by Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the predicted GacA protein is a member of the FixJ family of bacterial response regulators. The sequence of the putative B728a GacA protein revealed 92% identity with the P. fluorescens GacA protein. An insertional mutation within the P. syringae pv. syringae gacA gene abrogated lesion formation on beans, production of extracellular protease, and production of the toxin syringomycin, the same phenotypes affected by a lemA mutation. DNA sequence analysis identified the P. syringae pv, syringae uvrC gene immediately downstream of the gacA gene, an arrangement conserved in P. fluorescens and Escherichia coli. The gacA insertional mutant was sensitive to UV, presumably because of polarity on transcription of the downstream uvrC gene. Southwestern (DNA-protein) analysis revealed that the lemA and gacA genes were required for the full expression of a DNA binding activity. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 47 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 176 IS 24 BP 7468 EP 7475 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PX081 UT WOS:A1994PX08100008 PM 8002569 ER PT J AU MCCALL, PJ TURLINGS, TCJ LOUGHRIN, J PROVEAUX, AT TUMLINSON, JH AF MCCALL, PJ TURLINGS, TCJ LOUGHRIN, J PROVEAUX, AT TUMLINSON, JH TI HERBIVORE-INDUCED VOLATILE EMISSIONS FROM COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L) SEEDLINGS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COTTON; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; FEEDING DETERRENCE; PHYTOALEXIN; SEMIOCHEMICALS; TERPENES; TRITROPHIC INTERACTIONS ID PARASITOID CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; PLANT VOLATILES; HOST-PLANT; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; CHEMICAL SIGNALS; IDENTIFICATION; ALLELOCHEMICALS AB The effect of herbivory on the composition of the volatile blends released by cotton seedlings was investigated by collecting volatiles from undamaged, freshly damaged (0-2 hr after initiation of feeding), and old damaged (16-19 hr after initiation of feeding) plants on which com earworm caterpillars (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) were actively feeding. A blend of 22 compounds was consistently observed to be emitted by the old damaged plants with nine occurring either only in, or in significantly greater amounts in old damaged, as compared with freshly damaged plants. These were (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, hexyl acetate, (E)-beta-ocimene, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate, and indole, The nature of this response is compared with other studies where herbivore-induced volatile responses are also known. The presence of large amounts of terpenes and aldehydes seen at the onset of feeding and the appearance of other compounds hours later suggest that cotton defense mechanisms may consist of a constitutive repertoire that is augmented by an induced mechanism mobilized in response to attack. A number of the induced compounds are common to many plants where, in addition to an immediate defensive function, they are known to be involved in the attraction of natural enemies. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X NR 44 TC 99 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 30 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3039 EP 3050 DI 10.1007/BF02033709 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA738 UT WOS:A1994QA73800002 PM 24241975 ER PT J AU BARTELT, RJ JAMES, DG AF BARTELT, RJ JAMES, DG TI AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF AUSTRALIAN SAP BEETLE, CARPOPHILUS-DAVIDSONI (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; TRIENE; TETRAENE; HYDROCARBON; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; CARPOPHILUS DAVIDSONI; AUSTRALIAN SAP BEETLE; TRAPPING ID HYDROCARBONS; HEMIPTERUS; TETRAENE AB A male-produced aggregation pheromone was identified for the Australian sap beetle, Carpophilus davidsoni Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), by bioassay-guided fractionation of volatiles collected from feeding beetles. The most abundant components were: (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene, (3E,5E,7E)-6-ethyl-4-methyl-3,5,7-decatriene, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene, and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene. The relative abundance of these components in collections from individual males feeding on artificial diet was 100:7:9:31, respectively. Pheromone production began within several days after males were placed onto diet medium and continued for at least 20 weeks. Peak production was >3 mu g total pheromone per male per day. Males in groups of 50-60 emitted less pheromone (the peak level was 0.09 mu g per beetle per day), and the emissions from groups contained relatively little tetraene (proportions of the components listed above were 100:7:2:7, respectively). Three additional trienes and one additional tetraene were identified in minor amounts; the entire eight-component male-specific blend is qualitatively identical and quantitatively similar to that of the North American sibling species, C. freemani Dobson. A synthetic blend of the four major components on rubber septa, prepared to emit in the same proportions as from individual males, was highly attractive in the field when synergized with fermenting whole-wheat bred dough. Cross-attraction was observed in the field involving the pheromones of C. davidsoni, C. hemipterus (L.), and C. mutilatus Erichson. Potential uses of the pheromones in pest management are discussed. C1 NEW S WALES AGR, YANCO AGR INST, YANCO, NSW 2703, AUSTRALIA. RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOACT CONSTITUENTS UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3207 EP 3219 DI 10.1007/BF02033721 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA738 UT WOS:A1994QA73800014 PM 24241987 ER PT J AU CHINTA, S DICKENS, JC ALDRICH, JR AF CHINTA, S DICKENS, JC ALDRICH, JR TI OLFACTORY RECEPTION OF POTENTIAL PHEROMONES AND PLANT ODORS BY TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS-LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYGUS LINEOLARIS; OLFACTION; PHEROMONE; HOST ODOR; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM; EAG; BUTYRATES; GREEN ODOR; HOST FINDING; SEX ATTRACTION ID GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; COLORADO BEETLE; BARK BEETLE; BOLL-WEEVIL; HOST PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB Olfactory reception of potential pheromones and host-plant odors by male and female tarnished plant bugs (TPBs), Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), was investigated by utilizing electroantennogram (EAG) techniques. In general, EAGs were similar between the sexes. Among 31 compounds of seven chemical groups tested, insect-produced butyrates and host-plant-containing green leaf volatiles (GLVs) were the most active. Hexyl butyrate and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate elicited greater EAGs in males than in females. Females responded with significantly greater EAGs to alcohol and aldehyde GLVs than to their acetate derivatives. Among GLVs, sexual dimorphism was also observed in response to (E)-2-hexenol and (E)-2-hexenal. Females were more sensitive to the monoterpene geraniol than were males. While nonanal was the most stimulatory compound tested, no sexual differences in EAGs to this compound were observed. These studies reveal olfactory receptors on TPB antennae responsive to insect and host-plant volatiles that are likely to play a role in host finding and sexual attraction. C1 USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 48 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 14 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3251 EP 3267 DI 10.1007/BF02033724 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA738 UT WOS:A1994QA73800017 PM 24241990 ER PT J AU MCDONOUGH, LM AVERILL, AL DAVIS, HG SMITHHISLER, CL MURRAY, DA CHAPMAN, PS VOERMAN, S DAPSIS, LJ AF MCDONOUGH, LM AVERILL, AL DAVIS, HG SMITHHISLER, CL MURRAY, DA CHAPMAN, PS VOERMAN, S DAPSIS, LJ TI SEX-PHEROMONE OF CRANBERRY FRUITWORM, ACROBASIS-VACCINII RILEY (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRANBERRY FRUITWORM; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; ACROBASIS VACCINII; SEX PHEROMONE; (E,Z)-8,10-PENTADECADIEN-1-OL ACETATE; (E)-9-PENTADECEN-1-OL ACETATE ID CUNEANA WALSINGHAM LEPIDOPTERA; FLIGHT TUNNEL; TORTRICIDAE AB The following compounds and (approximate ratios) were identified in sex pheromone gland extracts of female Acrobasis vaccinii Riley by comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric traces with those of synthetic standards: (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, (Z,Z), and (E,E)-8, 10-pentadecadien-1-ol acetates (100:1:2:12), a dodecen-1-ol acetate (8), (Z)-8-, (Z)-9-, and (E)-9-pentadecen-1-ol acetates (3:23:4), two heptadecen-1-ol acetates (4:4), tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and heptadecyl acetates (3:15:10:8), dodecan-1-ol (6), tetradecan-1-ol (5), and hexadecan-1-ol (23). The amount of (E,Z)-8, 10-pentadecadien-1-ol acetate (E8,Z10-15:Ac) in the extract was about 0.5 ng/female. Electroantennographic analysis of gas chromatographic fractions of female sex pheromone gland extract showed that the fraction containing E8,Z10-15:Ac elicited the greatest response. Alone, E8,Z10-15:Ac failed to elicit upwind flight of males in flight-tunnel tests, and traps baited with it did not catch males in field experiments. When E8,Z10-15:Ac was combined with (E)-9-pentadecen-1-ol acetate (100:4), male upwind flight response in flight-tunnel tests was equivalent to those obtained with extract of female sex pheromone glands (synthetic, 62%; natural, 51%), but the percent of males flying upwind that contacted the source was lower (synthetic, 47%; natural, 88%). The lower percent of source contact elicited by the synthetic pheromone could be a result of the difference in isomer ratios of 8,10-15:Ac in the natural and synthetic pheromone or could indicate that the synthetic pheromone is incomplete. Traps baited with the 100:4 combination caught large numbers of males in field experiments. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 02349 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RES INST PLANT PROTECT, 6700 GW WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS. OCEAN SPRAY CRANBERRIES INC, LAKEVILLE MIDDLEBORO, MA USA. RP MCDONOUGH, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, YAKIMA, WA 98902 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3269 EP 3279 DI 10.1007/BF02033725 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA738 UT WOS:A1994QA73800018 PM 24241991 ER PT J AU JAMES, DG MOORE, CJ ALDRICH, JR AF JAMES, DG MOORE, CJ ALDRICH, JR TI IDENTIFICATION, SYNTHESIS, AND BIOACTIVITY OF A MALE-PRODUCED AGGREGATION PHEROMONE IN ASSASSIN BUG, PRISTHESANCUS-PLAGIPENNIS (HEMIPTERA, REDUVIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRISTHESANCUS PLAGIPENNIS; ASSASSIN BUG; HEMIPTERA; REDUVIIDAE; DORSAL ABDOMINAL GLANDS; (2)-3-HEXENYL (R)-2-HYDROXY-3-METHYLBUTYRATE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE ID BIBAX BREDDIN HEMIPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; PENTATOMIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Pristhesancus plagipennis, a large Australian assassin bug, possesses three pairs of dorsal abdominal glands (DAGs). In the male, the anterior and posterior glands are hypertrophied and secrete an attractant pheromone. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of male DAG extracts and airborne volatiles emitted from calling males showed the pheromone signature to be dominated by a novel component. Subsequent chemical manipulations, GC-MS, and chiral-column analyses established its identity as (Z)-3-hexenyl (R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate. Minor components included 3-methylbutanol, 2-phenylethanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, decanal, (E)-2-hexenoic acid, and three minor hexenyl esters. Bioactivity studies using laboratory olfactometers and outdoor flight cages demonstrated attraction by female P. plagipennis to calling males, heptane extracts of male posterior DAGs and a synthetic formulation of the (Z)R enantiomer of the major ester, alone or in combination with other components of male anterior and posterior DAGs. Males were also attracted to the major ester. The racemate and S enantiomer of the ester were not attractive. Contamination of the (Z)R enantiomer with 30-60% of the E isomer also made the compound nonattractive. This is the first report of an aggregation pheromone in the Reduviidae. The prospects for pheromonal manipulation of P. plagipennis populations to enhance the value of this predator in horticultural ecosystems, are discussed. C1 QUEENSLAND DEPT PRIMARY IND,ANIM RES INST,MOOROOKA,QLD 4105,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JAMES, DG (reprint author), NEW S WALES AGR,YANCO AGR INST,YANCO,NSW 2703,AUSTRALIA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3281 EP 3295 DI 10.1007/BF02033726 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA738 UT WOS:A1994QA73800019 PM 24241992 ER PT J AU KELSEY, RG AF KELSEY, RG TI ETHANOL AND AMBROSIA BEETLES IN DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS WITH AND WITHOUT BRANCHES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII; TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM; GNATHOTRICHUS RETUSUS; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; VOLATILE ATTRACTANTS; HOST SELECTION ID TRYPODENDRON-LINEATUM COLEOPTERA; GNATHOTRICHUS-SULCATUS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; PRIMARY ATTRACTANT; SCOLYTIDAE; SEMIOCHEMICALS; PLANTS; FLIGHT; STEMS; TREES AB November-felled Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) logs with and without branches were left lying on the forest floor through August. In May, as the logs were being colonized by ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte), the ethanol, acetaldehyde, and water concentrations in the delimbed logs were significantly higher than in the branched logs. Since both log types received the same rainfall, lower water contents in branched logs was probably the result of absorbed water being transported through the branches via capillary movement and evaporation. Lower tissue water levels could have prevented the establishment and maintenance of anaerobic conditions, thus limiting the synthesis of acetaldehyde and ethanol in the branched logs. By late August, the beetle densities in delimbed logs were 9-16 times greater than in the branched logs. Log ethanol concentrations could be a key chemical factor affecting the ambrosia beetle attack densities. Acetaldehyde concentrations in the logs also may have affected the attack densities. RP KELSEY, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3307 EP 3319 DI 10.1007/BF02033728 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA738 UT WOS:A1994QA73800021 PM 24241994 ER PT J AU FRANKLIN, ST YOUNG, JW NONNECKE, BJ AF FRANKLIN, ST YOUNG, JW NONNECKE, BJ TI PROLIFERATION AND PHENOTYPE OF BOVINE MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN CULTURES STIMULATED BY POKEWEED MITOGEN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FLOW CYTOMETRY; MITOGEN; PHENOTYPE; BOVINE LYMPHOCYTE ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CELL-PROLIFERATION; LYMPHOID SYSTEM; LYMPHOCYTES; DIFFERENTIATION; ACTIVATION; CATTLE AB Cell proliferation and phenotype were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 d in cultures of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen. Cell numbers in unstimulated and stimulated 2-d cultures decreased to about 45% of the number originally added. Cell numbers at 6 d in stimulated cultures increased to 96% of the number originally seeded and remained elevated from 6 to 14 d in cultures. In contrast, numbers in unstimulated cultures at 4 to 14 d decreased; <20% of the original number remained at 14 d. The increase in cell numbers in stimulated cultures from 4 and 6 d was due primarily to an increase in CD2(+) T cells, specifically the CD4(+) T-cell subset. Proliferation of interleukin-2 receptor(+) and major histocompatibility class II antigen(+) cells increased in these cultures. Expression of these antigens decreased in unstimulated cultures. The B-cell numbers in stimulated cultures at 2 to 4 d increased and then stabilized. Concentrations of IgM in stimulated 14-d cultures were 5 to 15 times those in parallel unstimulated cultures. Overall, IgM secretion induced by pokeweed mitogen by B cells in cultures of bovine mononuclear leukocyte is associated with proliferation of CD4(+) (helper-inducer) T cells, B cells, and increased expression of activation antigens. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,NUTR PHYSIOL GRP,AMES,IA 50011. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 12 BP 3592 EP 3600 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA QA134 UT WOS:A1994QA13400014 PM 7699137 ER PT J AU LANCE, DR GATES, DB AF LANCE, DR GATES, DB TI SENSITIVITY OF DETECTION TRAPPING SYSTEMS FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS CAPITATA; TRIMEDLURE; RELEASE RECAPTURE ID FLY DIPTERA; DISPERSAL; TRAPS AB Release-recapture studies were conducted in southern California to determine the probability of capturing Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in standard trapping arrays used to detect and delimit introduced populations. Two tests were conducted in a 10.4-km(2) area of Orange County that contained a total of 40 trimedlure-baited Jackson traps (10 traps per 2.6 km(2) [1 square mile]). Radiosterilized flies were marked with one of four colors and released at four different distances from each trap. Numbers of flies released at each point were adjusted so that the nominal density throughout the test area was 25 (first trial) or 12 (second trial) flies per hectare. In both trials, percentage of flies recaptured was approximate to 0.6% overall and, in general, was related inversely to the distance from the release site to the trap. In other tests, 23-27% of flies were recovered when released in Orange County within 0.26-km(2) plots that contained 100 trimedlure-baited yellow sticky panels. Using results of these and a previously published study, simple mathematical models based on binomial probability theory indicate that arrays of 10 Jackson traps per 2.6 km(2) would detect high proportions of relatively small, stable infestations of C. capitata within several generations. Arrays of 1,000 yellow panel traps per 2.6 km(2) essentially would detect all viable infestations within one generation and provide a sensitive tool for confirming eradication after treatment of infested areas. C1 USDA,APHIS,PPQ,MISSION PLANT METHODS CTR,MOORE AIR BASE,EDINBURG,TX 78539. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1377 EP 1383 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600001 ER PT J AU BULL, DL MEOLA, RW AF BULL, DL MEOLA, RW TI EFFICACY AND TOXICODYNAMICS OF PYRIPROXYFEN AFTER TREATMENT OF INSECTICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE AND INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT STRAINS OF THE HOUSE-FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA DOMESTICA; PYRIPROXYFEN; RESISTANCE ID PERMETHRIN; SELECTION; FIELD AB When applied as a treatment of larval rearing medium in laboratory tests, the insect growth regulator (ICR) pyriproxyfen was approximate to 32-fold more effective in reducing the emergence of F-1 adult progeny of a susceptible strain (S) of the house fly, Musca domestica L., than a strain (Rmp) that is highly resistant to the organophosphorus insecticide methyl parathion. Pyriproxyfen did not evoke a response when applied directly to eggs, but it did reduce the numbers of F-1 pupae produced by S or Rmp adults treated by exposure to residues of the IGR on a glass surface; this effect on pupal development was significantly greater in the S strain. Results of studies comparing the in vivo absorption and metabolism of topically applied [C-14]pyriproxyfen by S and Rmp adult females indicated that cuticular penetration of the IGR was reduced and that its metabolic degradation enhanced in the resistant strain. Tests involving the coadministration of metabolic synergists with pyriproxyfen suggested that microsomal oxidases had a major role in this metabolic transformation. Studies with third-stage larvae indicated no differences between the S and Rmp strains in the extent of cuticular penetration, internal accumulation, or excretion of radioactive material, but metabolic degradation of [C-14]pyriproxyfen was enhanced in Rmp larvae. Selection of a substrain of the Rmp colony by treating larval rearing medium with increasing concentrations of pyriproxyfen (0.5-2.0 ppm) in alternating generations led to a substantial increase in tolerance (15-fold) to the IGR after only six treatments, but we observed no appreciable change in cuticular penetration or metabolic degradation of the compound. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP BULL, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1407 EP 1415 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600004 ER PT J AU PURCELL, MF STARK, JD MESSING, RH AF PURCELL, MF STARK, JD MESSING, RH TI INSECTICIDE EFFECT ON 3 TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLIES AND ASSOCIATED BRACONID PARASITOIDS IN HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEPHRITID; PARASITOIDS; INSECTICIDES ID MALATHION BAIT SPRAY; FLY SPECIES DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; LONGEVITY; AZADIRACHTIN; REPRODUCTION; HOMOPTERA; SURVIVAL AB Laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effect of insecticides on three species of tephritid fruit flies and associated parasitoids. First, topically applied malathion, carbaryl, and permethrin were tested against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann), the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), the melon fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillett), and their corresponding parasitoids, Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Silvestri), D. longicaudata (Ashmead), and Psytallia fletcheri (Silvestri). Second, the effects of toxic baits on the three fruit fly species were tested by mixing insecticides with a protein hydrolysate bait. Insecticides used were malathion, naled, carbaryl, and permethrin. In a third test, we determined the effects of naled and malathion added to Staley's bait on C. capitata and D. longicaudata. Parasitoids were more susceptible to insecticides than the respective host fruit fly species. For example, D. longicaudata was 663 times more susceptible to permethrin than B. dorsalis, and D. tryoni was 680 times more susceptible to carbaryl than the C. capitata. Parasitoid response to insecticides varied by parasitoid species. The B. cucurbitae parasitoid, P. fletcheri, was less susceptible to these insecticides than the other two species. Topical and feeding tests showed that carbaryl was ineffective against fruit flies. Malathion was the most effective of the three materials tested topically against fruit flies. Naled was the most toxic insecticide in the protein bait tests. Staley's bait did not attract D. longicaudata, and this parasitoid was not as susceptible to malathion as C. capitata. However, D. longicaudata and C. capitata were equally susceptible to naled. Application of these results to integrated pest management of fruit flies is discussed. RP PURCELL, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1462 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600011 ER PT J AU FLATH, RA CUNNINGHAM, RT LIQUIDO, NJ MCGOVERN, TP AF FLATH, RA CUNNINGHAM, RT LIQUIDO, NJ MCGOVERN, TP TI ALPHA-IONOL AS ATTRACTANT FOR TRAPPING BACTROCERA LATIFRONS (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACTROCERA LATIFRONS; ALPHA-IONOL; LATILURE AB Many essential oils, synthetic aroma formulations, and compounds with structural similarity to the commonly used lures for males of several tephritid fruit fly pests were bioassayed in olfactometers for their attractancy to males and females of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). A group of ionone- and ionol-related compounds was found to be highly attractive to laboratory-reared males; among these compounds, alpha-ionol and beta-ionol were the most attractive, with alpha-ionol being chemically more stable than its beta-isomer. Consistent with the results obtained using laboratory-reared adults, wild B. latifrons males were more attracted to alpha-ionol than females. In addition, males showed more attraction to a-ionol than hydrolyzed protein bait. Under natural field conditions, however, the density of feral B. latifrons females in hydrolyzed protein bait traps was higher than the density of males in alpha-ionol traps. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1470 EP 1476 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600013 ER PT J AU DEMILO, AB CUNNINGHAM, RT MCGOVERN, TP AF DEMILO, AB CUNNINGHAM, RT MCGOVERN, TP TI TRIMEDLURE - EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS ON ITS ATTRACTIVENESS TO MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY MALES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS CAPITATA; ATTRACTANT; LURE ID ASSIGNMENTS; ISOMERS AB Sixty-eight structural variants of trimedlure, tert-butyl 4(and 5)-chloro-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate (TML), the male attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were evaluated as attractants to determine the importance of the substituents to the attractiveness of TML. The 1-tert-butyl carboxylate and 4(and 5)-chloro substituents in TML can be replaced selectively with no significant reduction in attractiveness. However, the 2-methyl substituent appears to be very important for high levels of attraction. Thirteen halogen analogs of TML showed initial attractancy that was not significantly different from that of TML. In addition, nine of the halogen analogs were as persistent or more persistent than TML at high levels of attractiveness. In a longer term (15 d) follow-up test with 14 promising lures, no significant difference was found between the attractiveness of four of the lures and a freshly baited TML wick after 4 d, by which time an aged TML wick had become depleted of lure. Of the four lures, trifluoroethyl 4(and 5)-iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate was especially attractive through 4 d of the test, during which time it was the top-ranked lure. Ethyl 4(and 5)-bromo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate were very persistent lures, continuing to catch moderate number of C. capitata through days 11 and 15, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP DEMILO, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1494 EP 1501 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600016 ER PT J AU KLOTZ, JH MOSS, JI ZHAO, RC DAVIS, LR PATTERSON, RS AF KLOTZ, JH MOSS, JI ZHAO, RC DAVIS, LR PATTERSON, RS TI ORAL TOXICITY OF BORIC-ACID AND OTHER BORON-COMPOUNDS TO IMMATURE CAT FLEAS (SIPHONAPTERA, PULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECTOPARASITES; BORON COMPOUNDS; TOXIC BAITS AB Oral toxicity was characterized in first-instar cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche), feeding on dried blood treated with boric acid. LC(50) values ranged from 2.11% after 24 h to 0.21% after 7 d. In carpet tests with five different boron compounds and a number of different formulations, significant mortality for first instars was observed in all cases. In similar tests with prepupae and cocoons, there was no significant effect on mortality. The importance of these results is discussed in light of current application procedures for boron compounds, and suggestions are made for future research. RP KLOTZ, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,HOUSEHOLD INSECTS RES UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1534 EP 1536 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600020 PM 7836612 ER PT J AU MANGAN, RL INGLE, SJ AF MANGAN, RL INGLE, SJ TI FORCED HOT-AIR QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR GRAPEFRUIT INFESTED WITH MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA LUDENS; PHYTOTOXICITY; QUARANTINE AB Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi (MacFadyen), were infested artificially with late third instars of Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), and treated with forced hot air until the fruit-center temperatures were 48 degrees C. Artificially infested fruit heated more slowly than uninfested fruit The forced hot-air treatment used an incremental air-temperature increase, with humidity controlled to maintain a dew point that was 2 degrees C lower than the fruit surface temperature. This procedure prevented fruit damage resulting from scald by condensation and by desiccation. In total, 102,037 larvae in 2,488 fruit were killed, thus exceeding probit-9 mortality (99.9968%) requirements. The treatment did not affect significantly fruit appearance or flavor quality ratings, although ratings for flavor and overall preference were lower for treated late-season, commercially stored fruit. RP MANGAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECT RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1574 EP 1579 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600026 ER PT J AU HAYES, JL STROM, BL AF HAYES, JL STROM, BL TI 4-ALLYLANISOLE AS AN INHIBITOR OF BARK BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) AGGREGATION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SCOLYTIDAE; 4-ALLYLANISOLE; ANTIAGGREGATION BEHAVIOR ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; IPS-PARACONFUSUS COLEOPTERA; DENDROCTONUS-BREVICOMIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LODGEPOLE PINE; PHEROMONE; VERBENONE; SEMIOCHEMICALS; ATTACK; FIELD AB To assess the extent of inhibitory activity of the host compound 4-allylanisole, we conducted field studies with three scolytid species. These species are geographically widespread and economically important. Trials were completed with Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (California), D. ponderosae Hopkins (Oregon), and Ips pini (Say) (Wisconsin) by using multiple-funnel traps with appropriate pheromone-based attractants. With the Dendroctonus species, the effects of 4-allylanisole were compared with verbenone, an aggregation inhibitor produced by beetles themselves. We also determined effects of the treatments on the most abundant coleopterous predators in each trial. Inhibition of bark beetle aggregation behavior by 4-allylanisole was demonstrated for D. ponderosae (Oregon) and I. pini (Wisconsin). In Oregon, 4-allylanisole reduced the catch of D. ponderosae at attractant-baited traps by 77%, whereas verbenone reduced the catch by 91% compared with attractant alone. Although both reductions were significant, the effect of verbenone was significantly greater than that of 4-allylanisole. In Wisconsin, addition of 4-allylanisole to attractant-baited traps resulted in a significant reduction (43%) in numbers of I. pini caught, compared with attractant alone. In the California trials, mean trap catches of D. brevicomis were reduced by both 4-allylanisole (35%) and verbenone (27%) compared with attractant alone, but neither reduction was significant. Sex ratios of target scolytids were not affected by inhibitory treatments in any trial. The predator Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae) was not affected by 4-allylanisole in California; however, verbenone significantly reduced the number caught. Although captures were low, numbers of T. chlorodia caught by traps containing 4-allylanisole in Oregon were significantly higher than those containing verbenone or attractant alone (numbers in verbenone and attractant traps were not significantly different). Numbers of the predatory beetles counted in Wisconsin-Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), Platysoma parallelum Say (Coleoptera: Histeridae), and P. (Cylistix) cylindrica (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Histeridae)-were not affected by elution of 4-allylanisole with the attractant. Implications of these results for protection of individual trees and management of bark beetle populations are discussed. RP HAYES, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1586 EP 1594 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600028 ER PT J AU NEAL, JW BUTA, JG PITTARELLI, GW LUSBY, WR BENTZ, JA AF NEAL, JW BUTA, JG PITTARELLI, GW LUSBY, WR BENTZ, JA TI NOVEL SUCROSE ESTERS FROM NICOTIANA-GOSSEI - EFFECTIVE BIORATIONALS AGAINST SELECTED HORTICULTURAL INSECT PESTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NICOTIANA GOSSEI; GREENHOUSE PESTS; SUCROSE ESTERS ID GREEN PEACH APHID; LYCOPERSICON-PENNELLII; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; BEMISIA-TABACI; WILD TOMATO; HOMOPTERA; OVIPOSITION; ACYLSUGARS AB Leaf-surface extracts of Nicotiana gossei Domin, N. benthamiana Domin, and N. bigelovii (Torrey) Watson were the most active of those from 17 species of Nicotiana evaluated against late second/early third instars of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Four chromatographically purified sucrose esters of N. gossei resulted in 88-94% mortality of late second/early third instars of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). A less purified mixture of the four compounds was effective at 1.0 mg/ml (wt:vol) against nymphs of both whitefly species and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and it deterred feeding and oviposition by the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. These sucrose esters were not active against whitefly eggs; neonates of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); or second instars of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). The selective activity against immature insects, and the feeding and ovipositional deterrence to spider mites suggest pesticidal activity. Activity of 1.0 mg/ml (wt:vol) aqueous mixtures of the four compounds was comparable with, or better than, label rates of currently available biorational products or pesticides. The purified product was stable for 1 yr. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ARBORETUM,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,NATL ARBORETUM,PSI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,NATL ARBORETUM,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NEAL, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ARBORETUM,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BLDG 470,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1600 EP 1607 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600030 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, JD LINGREN, PD AF LOPEZ, JD LINGREN, PD TI FEEDING RESPONSE OF ADULT HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) TO COMMERCIAL PHAGOSTIMULANTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN EARWORM; BOLLWORM; ADULT CONTROL ID BEETLES COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Six commercial phagostimulants (Coax, Entice,:Gusto, Konsume, Mo-Bait, and Pheast) at the lowest recommended field rates were compared to deionized water and 5% source (wt:vol) in water relative to proboscis extension response, feeding time and feeding volume of 1-, 2-, and 3-d-old unfed laboratory-reared male and female adult corn earworms, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie). The percentage of 1-d-old females and males showing a positive proboscis extension response upon tarsal contact was significantly higher for 5% sucrose than for the other treatments which were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in the percentages of positive proboscis extension response of 2-d-old females and males to all treatments or to 5% sucrose after initial exposure to the phagostimulants and water, indicating an increase in responsiveness as nonspecific hunger or thirst increased. With few exceptions, notably the 3-d-old females for feeding time, and no exceptions for feeding volume, no significant differences were observed between the response to commercial phagostimulants and deionized water alone; but responses to all these treatments were significantly lower than responses to 5% sucrose. Feeding time and feeding volume of the same moths on 5% sucrose after initial feeding on the commercial phagostimulants and water were considerable. Overall, these results indicate that the commercial phagostimulants are not effective feeding stimulants at the rates evaluated for adult H. tea when compared with 5% sucrose because the feeding response was equal to that of water alone. Some implications of the results relative to the use of feeding stimulants in adult H. tea control are discussed. RP LOPEZ, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,RT 5,BOX 808,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1658 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600039 ER PT J AU MILLER, E KEAVENY, D STATEN, RT LOWE, A BOMBERG, J AF MILLER, E KEAVENY, D STATEN, RT LOWE, A BOMBERG, J TI CHANGES IN PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) SOOTY MUTANT UNDER ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE MASS-REARING METHODOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PINK BOLLWORM; MASS REARING; SOOTY MUTANT AB The use of a genetic marker in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), moths could provide a means of identifying the F-1 progeny of crosses between released moths as well as crosses between released and native moths. The ability to identify F-1 progeny of these crosses would help program managers make decisions about release rates and locations of sterile moths. A sooty strain of pink bollworm obtained from ARS was introduced into the Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service (APHIS) pink bollworm rearing facility. We monitored changes in the sooty strain to APHIS rearing methodology over nine generations. The sooty strain had significantly lower rates of female fecundity, egg hatch, and pupal yield per rearing container than two established APHIS strains. However, as the season progressed, the sooty strain showed numerical gains in fecundity, hatch, and yields per container, indicating that the sooty strain was adapting to the APHIS rearing system (or conditions). As the sooty strain adapted to the APHIS rearing regime, a significant increase in heterozygous individuals was noted. Field cage and field test results showed no significant difference between the two strains in female mating success or male response to pheromone traps. Furthermore, radiation sterilization caused a significant reduction in male response to pheromone traps when compared with males that had not been irradiated in both sooty and APHIS strains. C1 CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,BAKERSFIELD,CA 93308. RP MILLER, E (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,PPQ,PHOENIX METHODS DEV CTR,4125 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1659 EP 1664 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600040 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, JD LINGREN, PD RAULSTON, JR AF LOPEZ, JD LINGREN, PD RAULSTON, JR TI MONITORING EMERGENCE OF FERAL HELICOVERPA TEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) FROM SENESCENT CORN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN EARWORM; BOLLWORM; ADULT EMERGENCE ID ZEA BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; ADULT EMERGENCE; POPULATIONS; EARWORM AB We compared various sampling procedures to monitor adult emergence of feral corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), from senescent corn. The three techniques compared were as follows: (1) collection of pupae in 94 fields and holding them in two types of individual emergence cages; (2) use of large emergence cages located in 12 selected cornfields; and (3) direct observation of nocturnal adult emergence from a plot in a cornfield in which the stalks were removed. Most emergence occurred over a period of approximate to 7 d, but an extended period of emergence was observed with all methods. However, the accuracy of measurement of this prolonged emergence period is questionable with the pupal sampling and nocturnal observation monitoring techniques because these techniques do not account for the larvae still present in the ears when the pupal samples are collected or when stalks are removed, respectively. Although all three methods indicated that females predominated during the early stages of emergence, this phenomenon was more pronounced in direct nocturnal observations. Pooling of insects from different fields that vary in phenology with pupal sampling and large cage techniques obscures the emergence pattern from individual fields, but is more reflective of the area-wide emergence pattern. Although area-wide estimates of density of populations of emerging adults are best provided by pupal sampling because of the large numbers of fields sampled, use of the large emergence cages in selected fields is an excellent alternative limited only by availability of cages. The best technique depends on use of the emergence data, available resources, and specific aspects of the situation, with the uniformity of corn phenological development being of critical importance. RP LOPEZ, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ROUTE 5,BOX 808,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1674 EP 1682 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600042 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI CYFLUTHRIN APPLIED WITH AND WITHOUT PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE AND PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE PLUS CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL FOR PROTECTION OF STORED WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA; SITOPHILUS ORYZAE; WHEAT ID GRAIN PROTECTANTS; PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL; BULK WHEAT; RESISTANCE; COLEOPTERA AB Soft red winter wheat treated with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, all rates + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide, and all rates with piperonyl butoxide + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl was stored for 10 mo at ambient conditions in southern Georgia. Samples of wheat were bioassayed with lesser grain barer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), every 2 mo. Lesser grain borer survival on wheat treated with cyfluthrin alone ranged from 0-37.0%, whereas survival in the cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide and cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide + chlorpyrifos-methyl combinations ranged from 0 to 16.0%. No F-1 adults or ground flour (dockage) was present in incubated samples. Rice weevil survival on wheat treated with 0.5 and 1.0 ppm cyfluthrin steadily increased to a maximum of 94.5 and 43.5%, respectively, after 10 mo. Survival was reduced on wheat treated with 1.5 and 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, and beetles did not survive in the piperonyl butoxide-chlorpyrifos-methyl combinations. The number of F-1 rice weevils and the amount of dockage were greatest in the two lowest rates of cyfluthrin. F-1 adults and dockage weight were positively correlated with initial survived. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1707 EP 1713 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600047 ER PT J AU DOWDY, AK AF DOWDY, AK TI FLIGHT INITIATION OF LESSER GRAIN BORER (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) AS INFLUENCED BY TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, AND LIGHT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LESSER GRAIN BORER; STORED-PRODUCTS; FLIGHT AB The rate that stored-product insects migrate by flight into a grain storage facility is influenced by environmental conditions that mediate flight activity. The influence that temperature, humidity, and light intensity have on the initiation of flight by the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), was examined in the laboratory. Flight initiation by male and female beetles up to 8 wk old was examined. Lower and upper temperature thresholds for flight were calculated to be 19.9 and 41.6 degrees C, respectively. Humidity did not influence flight initiation within this temperature range. The optimal temperature resulting in the highest percentage of flights was 30.7 degrees C. Male and female R. dominica flight activity was similar. Greatest flight activity occurred in beetles up to 1 wk old, whereas older adults exhibited little flight activity. This suggests that, once R. dominica infest a bulk of grain, they tend to stay and reproduce rather than leave. Migration by flight is possible during the summer when wheat is harvested and stored, but temperatures may limit migration in fall when corn and sorghum are harvested or wheat is aerated. Early fall aeration when temperatures are >20 degrees C could cause R. dominica to be attracted to volatiles emanating from the bin. RP DOWDY, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1714 EP 1717 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PW776 UT WOS:A1994PW77600048 ER PT J AU STINSON, CM STINSON, DW AF STINSON, CM STINSON, DW TI NEST SITES, CLUTCH SIZE AND INCUBATION BEHAVIOR IN THE GOLDEN WHITE-EYE SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Golden White-eye (Cleptornis marchei), a little-known endemic of the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific, nests throughout the year in a variety of forested and semi-open habitats. Data from 11 nests indicate the typical clutch size is two. Incubation at three nests lasted 14 d and the altricial young fledge 10-14 d after hatching. The parents seem to share equally in brooding and rearing tasks during daylight. C1 DIV FISH & WILDLIFE COMMONWEALTH NO MARIANA ISL,SAIPAN,CM 96950. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,SAIPAN,CM 96950. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 65 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA ND148 UT WOS:A1994ND14800009 ER PT J AU LINDSEY, GD ARENDT, WJ KALINA, J AF LINDSEY, GD ARENDT, WJ KALINA, J TI SURVIVAL AND CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN JUVENILE PUERTO-RICAN PARROTS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Fifteen juvenile Puerto Rican Parrots (Amazona vittala) from wild nests in 1985, 1986 and 1987 were radio monitored an average of 110 +/- 15.9 (SE) d (range 4-209 d) post-fledging. Minimum survival was 67% (n = 3) in 1985, 100% (n = 4) in 1986 and 43% (n = 7) in 1987. Most mortality (three of five deaths) occurred during the first 35 d following fledging. A major cause of mortality was predation by raptors. This research shows that additional studies are needed to define mortality causes to juvenile and adult free-flying Puerto Rican Parrots and to develop management guidelines to increase survival. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 65 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA ND148 UT WOS:A1994ND14800011 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR MOFFITT, HR EAKIN, DE AF DRAKE, SR MOFFITT, HR EAKIN, DE TI LOW-DOSE IRRADIATION OF RAINIER SWEET CHERRIES AS A QUARANTINE TREATMENT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article AB 'Rainier' cherries, with and without gibberellic acid treatment were subjected to radiation at dose levels of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0 KGy and held for 14 and 21 days at IC before removal from storage and quality determined. No variation in fruit or stem color, soluble solids, titratable acidify or sensory difference was noted at any of the radiation dose levels. There was 13% loss in firmness due to radiation treatment between 0.4 and 1.0 KGy. Cherries that were treated with gibberellic acid were superior candidates for radiation treatment. 'Rainier' cherries can be irradiated as soon as quality parameters have reached acceptable levels for commercial harvest. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 6 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1994.tb00269.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PY560 UT WOS:A1994PY56000004 ER PT J AU JUNEJA, VK SNYDER, OP CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M AF JUNEJA, VK SNYDER, OP CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M TI INFLUENCE OF COOLING RATE ON OUTGROWTH OF CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS SPORES IN COOKED GROUND REEF SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS; SPORES; BEEF; COOLING RATE ID FOODBORNE DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; BEEF AB The ability of Clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and grow was studied to determine a safe cooling rate for cooked beef. Beef samples were inoculated with a cocktail of three strains of heat-shocked C. perfringens spores (NCTC 8238, NCTC 8239 and ATCC 10288), vacuum-packaged, and cooked in a stirred water bath to an internal temperature of 60 degrees C in 1 h. Then, samples were cooled through the temperature range of 54.4 degrees C to 7.2 degrees C at rates varying from 6 to 18 h. Samples were removed at various times during cooling to determine if the spores had germinated and multiplied. The samples were plated on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar and incubated anaerobically at 37 degrees C for 48 h. Minimal growth was observed with cooling periods of up to 15 h. However, with the time to achieve 7.2 degrees C extended to 18 h, C. perfringens spores germinated and grew from an inoculum of approximately 1.5 log(10) to about 6.0 log(10) CFU/g. This study indicated that pasteurized cooked beef must be cooled to 7.2 degrees C in 15 h or less to prevent C. perfringens foodborne disease outbreaks. C1 HOSP INST TECHNOL & MANAGEMENT,ST PAUL,MN 55114. RP JUNEJA, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 27 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1063 EP 1067 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA QF450 UT WOS:A1994QF45000004 ER PT J AU HA, SD RICKE, SC NISBET, DJ AF HA, SD RICKE, SC NISBET, DJ TI SERINE UTILIZATION AS A POTENTIAL COMPETITION MECHANISM BETWEEN SALMONELLA AND A CHICKEN CECAL BACTERIUM SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; AMINO ACIDS; AFFINITY CONSTANTS; GROWTH RATES ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURES; LARGE INTESTINAL FLORA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIETARY LACTOSE; TYPHIMURIUM; COLONIZATION; CARBOHYDRATE; METABOLISM; INFECTION; ORGANISMS AB Our objective in this study was to use batch culture to estimate growth kinetic parameters for a growth-limiting amino acid, serine, in Salmonella typhimurium and a in chicken cecal bacterium, Escherichia fergusonii, and to test these predictions for competitiveness in a mixed culture of the two organisms. Under anaerobic growth conditions, the two bacteria grew only when serine was provided as the nitrogen source. When serine was used as a carbon source in aerobic media, the maximum growth rates of the two organisms were considerably lower and the affinity constants were higher than when serine was used as a nitrogen source. The maximum growth rates of the two organisms were lower in anaerobic media than in aerobic media, but serine anaerobic affinity constants were lower than those from aerobic media. In aerobic mixed culture, S. typhimurium outgrew E. fergusonii in N-limited minimal media containing 0.1 mM serine but in N-nonlimited minimal media containing 10 mM serine, E. fergusonii outgrew S. typhimurium. In anaerobic mixed culture, E. fergusonii outgrew S. typhimurium in media containing both 0.1 mM and 10 mM serine concentrations. It appears that the cause of inhibition of Salmonella with serine as the variable nutrient differs depending on the oxidation-reduction status. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP HA, SD (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1074 EP 1079 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA QF450 UT WOS:A1994QF45000006 ER PT J AU DAVIS, CE TOWNSEND, WE AF DAVIS, CE TOWNSEND, WE TI RAPID FLUOROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ACID-PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY IN COOKED POULTRY MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE END-POINT TEMPERATURE; POULTRY MEAT; ACID PHOSPHATASE ASSAY AB A new quantitative fluorometric assay was used to determine poultry-muscle acid phosphatase (ACP) activity at five end-point temperatures (EPTs). Nonfrozen or frozen ground broiler and turkey breast and turkey dark meat (16 9) were packed in glass tubes (25 x 150mm) and heated to 62.8, 65.6, 68.3, 71.1 and 73.9 degrees C in a water bath set 1.5 degrees C above target EPT. After heating, samples were removed and immediately chilled (2-3 degrees C). A 75 mu l portion of an aqueous meat extract (1 meat/2 H2O wt/wt) was added to 2.0 ml ACP substrate and the kinetic increase in fluorescence monitored at 38 degrees C. The experiment was replicated three times. A curvilinear decrease in mean (N = 12) ACP activity occurred within each muscle type. Although freezing before cooking lowered ACP activity, it was not different (P>.05) from that of nonfrozen meat. Acid phosphatase activity (mU/kg) means (N = 12) with standard errors for EPTs between 68.3 and 71.1 degrees C for broiler and turkey breast and turkey dark meat were as follows: 9970 +/- 873 and 5548 +/- 562; 9313 +/- 665 and 6808 +/- 521; and 4821 +/- 398 and 3370 +/- 281, respectively. This procedure provides a rapid (3 min instrument time), sensitive analytical method for quality-assurance process-control technicians or regulatory analysts to monitor EPT in cooked poultry. RP DAVIS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1094 EP 1097 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA QF450 UT WOS:A1994QF45000010 ER PT J AU CARY, EE GRUNES, DL DALLYN, SL PEARSON, GA PECK, NH HULME, RS AF CARY, EE GRUNES, DL DALLYN, SL PEARSON, GA PECK, NH HULME, RS TI PLANT FE, AL AND CR CONCENTRATIONS IN VEGETABLES AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL INCLUSION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Soil entrapment by plant tissue is often ignored when the tissue is analyzed. This leads to errors in interpretation of results. Plant tissue samples were taken from vegetables grown in experimental field plots in Norfolk, VA, Riverhead, NY, and Geneva, NY. At harvest, plant tissues were washed with deionized water, cut into small pieces, oven dried (VA) or freeze dried (NY), ground to pass a 0.0841-cm stainless steel screen and stored in glass bottles. The surface 15 cm of each soil was sampled. Subportions of tissue and soil were analyzed for a number of elements by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES) and electrothermal atomic absorption (ETAA). Titanium (Ti) concentrations in the soil and plant tissue were used as a measure of soil inclusion. As much as 76% of the Al, 100% of the Cr, and 70% of the Fe in the vegetable samples could be accounted for by soil particulate inclusion by the plant tissue during its growth. RP CARY, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1994.tb00167.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PT025 UT WOS:A1994PT02500004 ER PT J AU BOWLES, BL MILLER, AJ AF BOWLES, BL MILLER, AJ TI SHELF-LIFE EXTENSION BY PHENYLGLYOXAL OF CLOSTRIDIUM-SPOROGENES-INOCULATED VACUUM-PACKAGED GROUND-BEEF SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBOTULINAL PROPERTIES; INHIBITION; REAGENTS AB Phenylglyoxal (PG), an aromatic alpha-dicarbonyl, is used in a variety of industrial, medical, and biological research applications. The compound delays spore germination and inhibits vegetative cells of both aerobic and anaerobic sporeforming bacteria, interacts with several critical bacterial growth factors, and is structurally similar to a number of approved food flavoring agents. Previous research demonstrated inhibitory activity against Clostridium sporogenes in model systems. Therefore, we investigated the shelf-life enhancing effectiveness of PG in C. sporogenes-inoculated vacuum-packaged ground beef at 32C. During extended incubation under temperature abuse conditions, PG delayed undesirable color changes and prevented organoleptic spoilage. Five mug PG/g inhibited proteolysis, while 156 mug PG/g delayed conversion of myoglobin to metmyoglobin, prevented H2S production, maintained product quality and texture for 25 days, and reduced thermal resistance of C. sporogenes spores at 90C. The observed activity of PG suggests that similar activity might be found with currently approved alpha-dicarbonyls. Furthermore, the compound's effect on thermal resistance may serve as an example of compounds that could be used to reduce thermal processing requirements of heat-sensitive and/or minimally processed foods. RP BOWLES, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1994.tb00602.x PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PV854 UT WOS:A1994PV85400005 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS SIRAGUSA, GR AF DICKSON, JS SIRAGUSA, GR TI SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM, ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 AND LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES DURING STORAGE ON BEEF SANITIZED WITH ORGANIC-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE SURFACES; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; ACETIC-ACID; SYSTEM; DECONTAMINATION; FABRICATION; TEMPERATURE; SLAUGHTER; CARCASSES; GROWTH AB Sterile beef tissue was inoculated with either Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and washed with 23C distilled water, 1% lactic acid or 1% acetic acid. The washed tissue was subjected to simulated dry chilling or spray chilling followed by storage at 5C. The washed tissue was stored at 5C for up to 21 days at 26% relative humidity, and total bacterial populations were determined by plating on nonselective and selective agars. There was no significant difference in the surviving populations of S. typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, or L. monocytogenes after storage, irrespective of chilling method. The surviving populations of bacteria were significantly lower on acid washed adipose tissue, when compared to the comparable water washed tissue. These results indicate that although injury and recovery of pathogenic bacteria may occur as a result of organic acid carcass sanitizing treatments, there was no practical significance of this phenomenon after 3 days of storage. C1 USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 313 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1994.tb00603.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PV854 UT WOS:A1994PV85400006 ER PT J AU POWELL, DS MCWILLIAMS, WH BIRDSEY, RA AF POWELL, DS MCWILLIAMS, WH BIRDSEY, RA TI HISTORY, CHANGE AND THE US FORESTRY INVENTORY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA. RP POWELL, DS (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,14TH INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 92 IS 12 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PV043 UT WOS:A1994PV04300006 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, M AF JOHNSON, M TI CHANGES IN SOUTHWESTERN FORESTS - STEWARDSHIP IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review ID PONDEROSA PINE RP JOHNSON, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,517 GOLD AVE SW,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 92 IS 12 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PV043 UT WOS:A1994PV04300008 ER PT J AU STAGE, AR RENNIE, JC AF STAGE, AR RENNIE, JC TI FIXED-RADIUS PLOTS OR VARIABLE-RADIUS PLOTS - DESIGNING EFFECTIVE INVENTORY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT FORESTRY FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,KNOXVILLE,TN. RP STAGE, AR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 92 IS 12 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PV043 UT WOS:A1994PV04300009 ER PT J AU ROESCH, FA AF ROESCH, FA TI INCORPORATING ESTIMATES OF RARE CLUSTERED EVENTS INTO FOREST INVENTORIES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review RP ROESCH, FA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,ROOM T-10210,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 92 IS 12 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PV043 UT WOS:A1994PV04300011 ER PT J AU COOK, BJ PRYOR, NW AF COOK, BJ PRYOR, NW TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF OVIDUCT MUSCLES OF THE STABLE FLY SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1295 J9 J GEN PHYSIOL JI J. Gen. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 104 IS 6 BP A31 EP A31 PG 1 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA PY569 UT WOS:A1994PY56900072 ER PT J AU PIONKE, HB DEWALLE, DR AF PIONKE, HB DEWALLE, DR TI STREAMFLOW GENERATION ON A SMALL AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENT DURING AUTUMN RECHARGE .1. NONSTORMFLOW PERIODS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; STORM RUNOFF; GROUNDWATER; PENNSYLVANIA; FLOW; CHEMISTRY; WATER AB Some sources and controls on nonstrom streamflow from a 19.8 ha agricultural hill land catchment located in east-central Pennsylvania were hypothesized and identified based on O-18, Si, NO3, Cl and SO4 concentration patterns. Streamflow, springflow, soil water, seepage and shallow groundwater were sampled routinely from 16 October to 20 November 1989, which included three storms (17-20 October, 9 November and 14 November). The first storm caused this catchment to shift from a low to high flow regime typical of the late autumn period. The chemical patterns in streamflow followed a three-part sequence - stormflow, early post-storm drain-down period, and subsequent post-storm base flow period. The stormflow period was characterized by dilution of NO3, Cl, SO4, Si and O-18, whereas the highest NO3, Cl and SO4 concentrations and flow rates occurred during the early post-storm period, suggesting that additional subsurface sources were temporarily activated by the storms. The chemical patterns and concentrations during base flow periods tended to be similar irrespective of preceding rainfall, which suggests that subsurface storage is a key control on streamflow chemistry. Nonstorm streamflow included discharge from springs, and near-stream seepage, and groundwater sampling sites located upstream. The spring and stream chemistry were most similar, but differed from the shallow groundwater and seepage, which were nearly twice as concentrated in NO3. Thus, these sampling sites did not represent all nonstorm streamflow sources. The chemical indices most useful for characterizing the sources and behavior of nonstorm streamflow were NO3 (agricultural land), SO4, Cl and NO3 (storm-activated subsurface source areas). SO4 (spring contributions), Cl and O-18 (dilution or mixing), Si (geochemically controlled and stable - latter nonstorm period; dilution controlled - storm period; kinetically controlled - early post-storm). The ratios of these chemical parameters were examined as indices; Si/Cl and SO4/NO3 were the most interesting and provided additional tools and insights for characterizing hydrologic source areas. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,ENVIRONM RESOURCES RES INST,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP PIONKE, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,101 US REG PASTURE RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90019-1 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QA087 UT WOS:A1994QA08700001 ER PT J AU DEWALLE, DR PIONKE, HB AF DEWALLE, DR PIONKE, HB TI STREAMFLOW GENERATION ON A SMALL AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENT DURING AUTUMN RECHARGE .2. STORMFLOW PERIODS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODELING STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; HUMID HEADWATER CATCHMENTS; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; RUNOFF GENERATION; WATER CHEMISTRY; ACID RUNOFF; MID-WALES; FLOW AB To increase understanding of hydrologic flow paths, two- and three-component tracer models were used to determine stormflow components on a 19.8 ha agricultural catchment in central Pennsylvania. Three events were studied during the 1989 autumn recharge period with the first and largest storm having a 5-10 year return period, 80 mm rainfall. Continuous precipitation and streamflow records were augmented by observations and sampling of spring and seepage discharge along with shallow wells and soil water. During the largest storm event, a two-tracer, three-component model separation using O-18 and Si indicated that 42% of total flow was derived from shallow subsurface stormflow, 11% from surface event water, and 47% from deep subsurface groundwater flow. Similar analysis using Si and NO3 for a 34 mm rainfall event showed 17% of total flow to be from shallow subsurface flow, 10% from surface event water and 73% from deep subsurface groundwater flow. Based upon analysis of tracer concentration variations in soil water, shallow well water and springflow during these events, shallow subsurface stormflow was found to be a transient mixture of infiltrated event water (28% average maximum contribution) and stored pre-event water (72% average minimum contribution). Thus, two major pathways for transferring event water to streamflow existed in these two events: (1) overland flow and channel precipitation (10-11% of total flow); (2) shallow subsurface stormflow (5-12% of total flow). In the third event analyzed, 9 mm of rainfall was insufficient to generate shallow subsurface stormflow, and two-component models using O-18, Si and NO3 indicated 10%, 4% and 3% event water contributions, respectively. Major early autumn storms, occurring before subsurface water becomes well mixed in this region, offer an opportunity to differentiate shallow and deep subsurface pathways for streamflow generation using two-tracer, three-component models. C1 USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP DEWALLE, DR (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,107 LAND & WATER RES BLDG,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 42 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90020-5 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QA087 UT WOS:A1994QA08700002 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, EW SEGURA, BJ STEELE, T HENDRIX, DL AF DAVIDSON, EW SEGURA, BJ STEELE, T HENDRIX, DL TI MICROORGANISMS INFLUENCE THE COMPOSITION OF HONEYDEW PRODUCED BY THE SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY, BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEMISIA ARGENTIFOLII (TABACI); GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; WHITEFLY; HONEYDEW; TREHALULOSE; BACILLUS ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHLOEM SAP; BACILLUS; ENDOSYMBIONTS; TREHALULOSE; HOMOPTERA; DISORDER; TABACI; ENZYME AB Sugars in the honeydew produced by the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, and in fermentation of sucrose using homogenates of these insects were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results suggest that the unusual disaccharide, trehalulose, found in large quantity in honeydew of B. argentifolii, is produced by obligate intracellular microorganisms residing in this insect's mycetomes. Some larger oligosaccharides in this honeydew may be produced by certain Bacillus spp. residing in or on the insects but these bacteria are not involved in an obligate relationship with the whitefly. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP DAVIDSON, EW (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1069 EP 1076 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(94)90060-4 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA QB347 UT WOS:A1994QB34700008 ER PT J AU DAI, W PAN, HQ KWOK, O DUBEY, JP AF DAI, W PAN, HQ KWOK, O DUBEY, JP TI HUMAN INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE INHIBITS TOXOPLASMA-GONDII GROWTH IN FIBROBLAST CELLS SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INTERFERON-GAMMA; MACROPHAGES; TRYPTOPHAN; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; CULTURES; ALPHA; CDNA; GENE; ACID AB Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is known to inhibit the growth of Toxoplasma gondii both in vivo and in vitro. The IFN-gamma induced anti-toxoplasma activity in human cells is strongly correlated with the degradation of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan in vitro. Destruction of L-tryptophan is due to an increased activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which is transcriptionally activated by IFN-gamma. To determine if indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase alone is sufficient to block the T. gondii growth, we transfected human fibroblast cells with an IDO cDNA expression plasmid using a metallothionein-inducible promoter. We showed that IDO mRNA and its enzymatic activity are inducible in fibroblast cells transfected with right-orientation IDO cDNA upon addition of CdCl2 to culture medium. The elevated IDO enzyme activity is strongly correlated with an inhibition of T. gondii growth. No IDO mRNA nor enzyme activity is induced by CdCl2 in reverse orientation transfected cells, and no adverse effects were observed on T. gondii growth in cells transfected with the reverse IDO-construct or in control parent cells with or without supplementation of CdCl2. Our observations along with the recent report by Habara-Ohkubo et al. (Infect. Immun. 61, 1810-1813, 1993) suggest that IFN-gamma-induced antitoxoplasma activity is due at least in part to the activation of IDO gene. C1 HIPPLE CANC RES CTR,MOLEC BIOL LAB,DAYTON,OH 45439. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29AI32483] NR 25 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0197-8357 J9 J INTERFERON RES JI J. Interferon Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 14 IS 6 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1089/jir.1994.14.313 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PY866 UT WOS:A1994PY86600001 PM 7897249 ER PT J AU ORION, D WERGIN, WP CHITWOOD, DJ ERBE, EF AF ORION, D WERGIN, WP CHITWOOD, DJ ERBE, EF TI LOW-TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA EGG MASS - THE GELATINOUS MATRIX AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENT; EGG; EGG MASS; EMBRYOGENESIS; GELATINOUS MATRIX; LOW-TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; ROOT GALL; NEMATODE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was cultured monoxenically on excised tomato roots. Galls and egg masses were observed daily using a light microscope. Two phases were distinguished in the gelatinous matrix of the egg mass: a translucent, amorphous material on the surface of the egg mass and a denser, layered phase in which nematode eggs were deposited. Egg masses were also cryofixed, fractured, and observed as frozen, hydrated specimens on a cold stage in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the SEM, the layered phase appeared as a meshwork of fibrils that became more loosely associated as the gelatinous matrix aged, Small pearl-like bodies were observed along the fibers of gelatinous matrix. The egg shell surface and several stages of embryo development, including the one-cell stage, initial cleavages, blastula, gastrula, tadpole stage, elongation, and molt of the first-stage juvenile within the egg shell, were observed and photographed with this technique. The developmental events observed were consistent with those described in other nematode species with different techniques. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT NEMATOL,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP ORION, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 402 EP 411 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700005 PM 19279909 ER PT J AU VANDERSPOOL, MC KAPLAN, DT MCCOLLUM, TG WODZINSKI, RJ AF VANDERSPOOL, MC KAPLAN, DT MCCOLLUM, TG WODZINSKI, RJ TI PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOSOLIC SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN THE INTERACTION OF MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA WITH 2 CULTIVARS OF GLYCINE-MAX SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENZYME; GLYCINE MAX; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTION; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; RESISTANCE; ROOT; SOYBEAN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ID PLANTS; GLYCEOLLIN; RESISTANCE; NEMATODES; RADICALS AB The closely related soybean (Glycine max) cultivars Centennial and Pickett 71 were confirmed to be resistant and susceptible, respectively, to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected in roots of both soybean cultivars 48 hours following inoculation. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in roots of the susceptible cultivar overall, but declined after 96 hours in roots of the resistant cultivar. The isoelectric points of SOD isolated from preparasitic and parasitic developmental stages of the nematode appeared to differ. The SOD activity increased dramatically as nematodes matured and enlarged. Plant and nematode SOD were present as ca. 40-kDa cuprozinc dimers. Initial increases in SOD activity in infected tissue appeared to involve nematode regulation of plant gene expression. However, as the nematode enlarged, SOD activity could be detected within the female body only. C1 UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT BIOL & MICROBIOL,ORLANDO,FL 32816. RP VANDERSPOOL, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 422 EP 429 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700007 PM 19279911 ER PT J AU THIES, JA BASIGALUP, D BARNES, DK AF THIES, JA BASIGALUP, D BARNES, DK TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN ALFALFA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE; MEDICAGO SATIVA; PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS; NEMATODE; NEMATODE RESISTANCE; ROOT-LESION NEMATODE ID ROOT-LESION NEMATODE; ESTABLISHMENT; NEMATICIDES; FIELD AB Fifty-two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clones, randomly selected from the cultivar Baker and the experimental line MNGRN-4, were evaluated for resistance (based on nematode reproduction) to Pratylenchus penetrans in growth chamber tests (25 C). Twenty-five clones, representing the range of nematodes and eggs per plant, were selected and retested. Four moderately resistant and two susceptible alfalfa clones were identified. Inheritance of resistance to P. penetrans was studied in these six clones using a diallel mating design. The S-1, F-1, and reciprocal progenies differed for numbers of nematodes and eggs per g dry root and for shoot and root weights (P < 0.05). Resistance, measured as numbers of nematodes in roots, was correlated between parental clones and their S-1 families (r = 0.94), parental clones and their half-sib families (r = 0.81), and S-1 and half-sib families (r = 0.88). General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant for nematode resistance traits. Both GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant for plant size traits, but SCA was more important than GCA in predicting progeny plant size. Reciprocal effects were significant for both nematode resistance and plant size traits, which may slow selection progress in long-term selection programs. However, the GCA effects are large enough that breeding procedures that capitalize on additive effects should be effective in developing alfalfa cultivars with resistance to P. penetrans. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55414. RP THIES, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 452 EP 459 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700011 PM 19279915 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD AF GRIFFIN, GD TI EFFECT OF SINGLE AND INTERPLANTINGS ON PATHOGENICITY OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS AND P-NEGLECTUS TO ALFALFA AND CRESTED WHEATGRASS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROPYRON CRISTATUM; ALFALFA; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; MEDICAGO SATIVA; NEMATODE; PRATYLENCHUS NEGLECTUS; P-PENETRANS; REPRODUCTIVE INDEX; ROOT LESION NEMATODES; ROOT WEIGHT; SHOOT WEIGHT; SURVIVAL; VIRULENCE ID DITYLENCHUS-DIPSACI; COMPETITION AB Alfalfa is a host of Pratylenchus penetrans and P. neglectus, whereas crested wheatgrass is a host of P. neglectus but not of P. penetrans. In a 120-day greenhouse experiment at 24 +/- 3 C, P. neglectus inhibited the growth of 'Lahontan' alfalfa and 'Fairway' crested wheatgrass. There were no differences in persistence and plant growth of alfalfa and crested wheatgrass, or reproduction of P. neglectus, in single plantings of alfalfa (AO) or crested wheatgrass (CWO), or in interplanted alfalfa and crested wheatgrass (ACW) treatments. On alfalfa, P. penetrans inhibited growth and reproduced more than did P. neglectus. Inhibition of plant growth and reproduction of P. penetrans was greater on alfalfa in AO than in ACW treatments. Pratylenchus penetrans did not reproduce on crested wheatgrass, but inhibited growth of crested wheatgrass in interplanted treatments and was avirulent in single planted treatments. Results were similar in a controlled growth chamber experiment at 15, 20, 25, and 30 C. Both nematode species inhibited alfalfa growth at all temperatures, and P. penetrans was more virulent than was P. neglectus to alfalfa at all temperatures and treatments. Plant growth inhibition and reproduction of P. penetrans on alfalfa in single and interplanted treatments were similar at 15-20 C, but were greater in single than in interplanted treatments at 25-30 C. Pratylenchus penetrans was avirulent to crested wheatgrass in the single planted treatments at all temperatures, but inhibited growth of crested wheatgrass in interplanted treatments at 20-30 C. Plant growth and reproduction of P. neglectus on crested wheatgrass was similar in single and interplanted treatments at 20-30 C and 15-30 C, respectively. RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 460 EP 466 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700012 PM 19279916 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD AF YOUNG, LD TI CHANGES IN THE HETERODERA-GLYCINES FEMALE INDEX AS AFFECTED BY 10-YEAR CROPPING SEQUENCES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CROPPING SEQUENCE; GENETICS; GLYCINE MAX; HETERODERA GLYCINES; NEMATODE; RACE; RESISTANCE; ROTATION; SOYBEAN; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE ID SOYBEAN-CYST NEMATODE; REPRODUCTION; RESISTANT; SELECTION; LINES AB The objective of this experiment was to measure the change in female index (FI) of Heterodera glycines from bioassays on Bedford, Peking, PI 89772, and PI 90763 soybean (Glycine max) for 12 cropping sequence treatments over a 10-year period. Cropping sequences included continuous plantings of Forrest, Peking, and D72-8927 soybean (all resistant to race 3); Bedford, Nathan, and D75-10710 soybean (all resistant to races 3 and 14); a Bedford-corn (Zea mays) rotation; a rotation of Bedford, Essex (susceptible), and Forrest; and a 70:30 blend of Bedford and Forrest. The FI from bioassays with PI 89772 and PI 90763 decreased over lime from 24.3 to 1.6 with treatments involving continuous Bedford, Nathan, and D75-10710 and the Bedford-corn rotation. The FI increased in bioassays using Bedford with treatments involving Bedford, Nathan, D75-10710, the Bedford-Forrest blend, and the two rotations. Results of this field experiment confirm greenhouse experiments in which reciprocal changes occur in FI on PI 89772 and PI 90673 compared with FI on Bedford. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEMATOL RES 605 AIRWAYS BLVD,JACKSON,TN 38301, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 505 EP 510 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700018 PM 19279922 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RF WAUCHOPE, RD JOHNSON, AW AF DAVIS, RF WAUCHOPE, RD JOHNSON, AW TI AVAILABILITY OF FENAMIPHOS AND ITS METABOLITES TO SOIL-WATER SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FENAMIPHOS; FENAMIPHOS SULFONE; FENAMIPHOS SULFOXIDE; METABOLITE; NEMATICIDE; NEMATODE; SOIL SOLUTION; WATER ID ADSORPTION-DESORPTION-KINETICS; DEGRADATION AB Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which fenamiphos and its degradation products, fenamiphos sulfoxide and fenamiphos sulfone, are available to contact nematodes in the soil. Water extraction provided a relative measure of each chemical's availability to the soil water where the chemicals could contact nematodes, and methanol extraction provided a relative measure of the total amount of each chemical present in the soil. Only small amounts of fenamiphos and fenamiphos sulfone could be extracted by water, even when much larger amounts were present in the soil. In contrast, virtually all of the fenamiphos sulfoxide present in the soil was extractable by water several days after nematicide application. Three days after fenamiphos (3EC) was applied at 6.7 kg a.i./ha to field plots, 6.4% of the fenamiphos, 14.4% of the fenamiphos sulfone, and 100% of the fenamiphos sulfoxide present in the soil was extracted by water. In greenhouse experiments with soil from these field plots, a 15G formulation of fenamiphos containing 98.7% fenamiphos and 1.3% fenamiphos sulfoxide was added to the soil. After an initial period of 3-4 days, the sulfoxide which formed by oxidation of fenamiphos became completely available for water extraction, whereas fenamiphos remained relatively unextractable by water. Fenamiphos sulfoxide is much more available to soil water, thus available for contact with nematodes, than are fenamiphos or fenamiphos sulfone. Based on this availability in water, it seems likely that fenamiphos sulfoxide is the major component for controlling nematodes. RP DAVIS, RF (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 511 EP 517 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700019 PM 19279923 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RF WILKINSON, HT NOEL, GR AF DAVIS, RF WILKINSON, HT NOEL, GR TI VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF 3 NEMATODE GENERA IN A BENTGRASS PUTTING GREEN IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROSTIS PALUSTRIS; BENTGRASS; CRICONEMELLA CURVATA; HELICOTYLENCHUS CORNURUS; NEMATODE; STRATIFICATION; TURFGRASS; TYLENCHORHYNCHUS NUDUS; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION ID POTATO; CORN AB A study was conducted to determine the vertical distribution of Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Criconemella curvata, and Helicotylynchus cornurus in the upper 5 cm of sbentgrass (Agrostis palustris cv. Penncross) putting green turf. The effect of fenamiphos on the vertical distribution of these species also was examined. Experimental design was a split-plot in which whole-plots were fenamiphos treated (0.11 kg a.i./100 m(2)) or untreated, and sub-plots were two strata (depths of 0-2.5 cm and 2.5-5.0 cm). Soil samples were collected during the growing season for 2 years after treatment to determine root weight and number of nematodes. Root weight was greater in the upper stratum on all sampling dates in both years. When differences between strata in population density were observed, T. nudus, C. curvata, and H. cornurus were more concentrated in the upper stratum. Vertical distribution of T. nudus, C. curvata, and H. cornurus was similar to the distribution of root weight. The difference in population density of H. cornurus between upper and lower strata was affected by fenamiphos on some dates, whereas differences between strata were unaffected for T. nudus and C. curvata. Double arcsine transformed proportions of the total populations of T. nudus, C. curvata, and H. cornurus in the upper stratum on each sampling date indicated no differences between fenamiphos treated and untreated plots in 1989 or 1990. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP DAVIS, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES UNIT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 518 EP 521 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700020 PM 19279924 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RF KANE, RT WILKINSON, HT NOEL, GR AF DAVIS, RF KANE, RT WILKINSON, HT NOEL, GR TI POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS OF 3 NEMATODE GENERA IN PUTTING GREENS IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROSTIS PALUSTRIS; ANNUAL BLUEGRASS; BENTGRASS; CRICONEMELLA CURVATA; GOLF COURSE; HELICOTYLENCHUS CORNURUS; NEMATODE; POA ANNUA; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION FLUCTUATION; PUTTING GREEN; TURFGRASS; TYLENCHORHYNCHUS NUDUS ID TEMPERATURE; DENSITY AB Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to examine the population fluctuation patterns of Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Criconemella curvata, and Helicotylenchus cornurus in mixed bentgrass and annual bluegrass putting greens on two golf courses near Chicago, Illinois, to determine if fluctuation patterns could be extrapolated to unsampled greens. Fenamiphos-treated and untreated plots were established on seven putting greens on two golf courses. Greens were sampled intensively five times during the growing season, and statistical comparisons of population levels per gram of root were made among dates for each green. Population levels per gram of root changed significantly on all greens in both years for each of the three nematode populations. Within a putting green in either year, population fluctuation patterns in fenamiphos-treated and untreated plots were similar. Population fluctuation patterns were different between years, however. Within a year, population fluctuation patterns among greens showed similarities indicating that carefully monitoring a few locations may allow extrapolation of population fluctuation data to other locations within that year. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. CHICAGO DIST GOLF ASSOC,OAK BROOK,IL 60521. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 522 EP 530 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700021 PM 19279925 ER PT J AU HASHMI, G HUETTEL, RN HAMMERSCHLAG, FA KRUSBERG, LR AF HASHMI, G HUETTEL, RN HAMMERSCHLAG, FA KRUSBERG, LR TI OPTIMAL LEVELS OF MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA INOCULUM FOR INFECTION OF TOMATO AND PEACH IN-VITRO SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INOCULUM LEVEL; IN VITRO CULTURE; LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM; NEMATODE; PRUNUS PERSICA; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE ID CAMPESTRIS PV PRUNI; PENETRATION; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; CULTURES; PLANTS AB Penetration of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita into tomato root explants and in vitro propagated peach plantlet roots were compared. Five inoculum levels were used: 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 J2 for tomato; and 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 J2 for peach. The greatest root penetration into tomato was 30%?c at the 75 J2 level, but the maximum penetration into peach roots was only 8% at the 200 J2 level. The difference (P = 0.05) in penetration of M. incognita at all inoculum levels into these two hosts indicates that penetration versus inoculum density for in vitro studies need to be determined for different plant species. C1 USDA ARS,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP HASHMI, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 531 EP 534 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA507 UT WOS:A1994QA50700022 PM 19279926 ER PT J AU KRUSBERG, LR SARDANELLI, S MEYER, SLF CROWLEY, P AF KRUSBERG, LR SARDANELLI, S MEYER, SLF CROWLEY, P TI A METHOD FOR RECOVERY AND COUNTING OF NEMATODE CYSTS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYST COUNTS; EXTRACTION; HETERODERA GLYCINES; NEMATODE; SAMPLING; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; TECHNIQUE AB A technique was developed in the early 1980's for recovery and quantification of Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) cysts from soil and soybean roots. Cysts were collected on sieves and counted on lined filter paper. This technique could be applied to other particles of similar dimension and density. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 1 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 599 EP 599 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700005 PM 19279932 ER PT J AU NOEL, GR STANGER, BA AF NOEL, GR STANGER, BA TI FIRST REPORT OF PASTEURIA SP ATTACKING HETERODERA-GLYCINES IN NORTH-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; HETERODERA GLYCINES; NEMATODE; PASTEURIA SP; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE ID BACTERIAL PARASITE; CYST NEMATODE AB Endospores of a Pasteuria sp. were observed on Heterodera glycines second-stage juveniles and males recovered from soil in microplots in which nematode populations had been declining for several years. Conventional scanning electron microscopy was used to observe and measure endospores on second-stage juveniles (J2) of both a race 3 and a race 4 population. Endospores were elipsoidal; those attached to J2 of race 3 measured ((X) over bar) 4.2 x 3.7 mu m with a height of 2.0 mu m, and those on race 4 were 4.3 x 3.7 mu m with a height of 2.3 mu m. Measurements taken under light microscopy indicated that endospores attached to J2 of race 3 were 5.0 x 4.8 mu m with a height of 2.2 mu m. The velutinous exosporium of the H. glycines-infecting P. nishizawae from Japan was not visible in the Illinois isolate. Differences in endospore morphology and the apparent inability of the Illinois isolate to complete its life cycle in females indicate that the Japanese and Illinois isolates are distinct species of Pasteuria. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP NOEL, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 612 EP 615 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700008 PM 19279935 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KB GRIFFIN, GD AF JENSEN, KB GRIFFIN, GD TI RESISTANCE OF DIPLOID TRITICEAE SPECIES AND ACCESSIONS TO THE COLUMBIA ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE CHITWOODI SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROPYRON; COLUMBIA ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; ELYMUS; GENOME; GRASS; HORDEUM; MELOIDOGYNE CHITWOODI; NEMATODE; PSATHYROSTACHYS; PSEUDOROEGNERIA; RESISTANCE; SCREENING; THINOPYRUM; TRITICEAE ID POPULATIONS; AESTIVUM AB The Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi race 2, is associated with several plant species, including members of the tribe Triticeae. We evaluated lj diploid species for M. chitwoodi gall and reproductive indices from the following genera: Agropyron, Pseudoroegneria, Hordeum, Psathyrostachys, and Thinopyrum. Species from the genus Thinopyrum (Thinopyrum bessarabicum; J genome) and Psathyrostachys (Psathyrostachys fragilis, P. juncea, P. stoloniformis; N genome) expressed more resistance to M. chitwoodi than species within the genera Agropyron (Agropyron cristatum and A. mongolicum; P genome), Pseudoroegneria (Pseudoroegneria spicata, P. stipifolia, A. aegilopoides, P. libanotica; S genome), and Hordeum (Hordeum bogdanii, H. brevisubulatum, H. californicum, and H. chilensis; H genome), although there was variation among individuals within P. spicata, P. juncea, and P. fragilis. The variation among genera and within species indicates that it would be possible to select Triticeae grasses for resistance to M. chitwoodi in order to identify and introgress genes for resistance into cultivated cereals. RP JENSEN, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 635 EP 639 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700012 PM 19279939 ER PT J AU MONTALVO, AE ESNARD, J AF MONTALVO, AE ESNARD, J TI REACTION OF 10 CULTIVARS OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS-LANATUS) TO A PUERTO-RICAN POPULATION OF MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CITRULLUS LANATUS; FRUITS; HOST STATUS; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; PUERTO RICO; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VEGETABLES; WATERMELON AB Ten cultivars of watermelon were evaluated for their response to a Puerto Rican population of Meloidogyne incognita under greenhouse conditions in a 2-year study (1989 and 1990). Ten-day-old seedlings were planted in steam-sterilized soil in 15-cm-d plastic pots. The nematode inoculum consisted of 10,000 eggs and (or) second-stage juveniles (J2)/plant. The cultivars were Sugar Baby, Charleston Gray, Seedless, Prince Charles, Charleston 76, Jubilee, Florida Giant, Royal Charleston, Royal Sweet, and Royal Jubilee, with tomato cv. Rutgers included as a susceptible check. A completely randomized design with 10 replications was used. Fifty-five days after soil infestation, root-gall indices, numbers of nematode eggs per root system, and J2 per 250 cm(3) of soil were recorded. All cultivars were susceptible. Sugar Baby had the lowest root-gall index, egg and J2 numbers, and a reproductive factor (Rf) of 2.89. Rf differed (P less than or equal to 0.05) among cultivars and ranged up to 7.36. Sugar Baby, Seedless, and Florida Giant showed the lowest susceptibility to M. incognita, whereas Charleston 76 and Charleston Gray were the most susceptible. C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. RP MONTALVO, AE (reprint author), COLL AGR SCI,DEPT CROP PROTECT,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 640 EP 643 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700013 PM 19279940 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD AF YOUNG, LD TI CHANGES IN REPRODUCTION OF A HETERODERA-GLYCINES RACE-5 ISOLATE CULTURED ON CORDELL AND BEDFORD SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; HETERODERA GLYCINES; NEMATODE; RACE; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; SOYBEAN; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE ID CYST NEMATODE REPRODUCTION; RESISTANT SOYBEANS; INHERITANCE; SELECTION; CULTIVARS; LINES AB Isolates from a race 5 field population of Heterodera glycines were cultured separately on soybean cultivars 'Bedford' (resistance derived from Peking and plant introduction [PI] 88788) and 'Cordell' (resistance derived from 'Peking', PI 88788, and PI 90763) for 10, 12, and 14 generations. Reproduction was measured of the 10th, 12th, and 14th generations on Bedford and Cordell and on Peking,'Pickett', PI 88788, PI 90763, and 'Lee' (the soybean lines that are used to determine H. glycines race). The isolate cultured on Bedford remained race 5, whereas the isolate cultured on Cordell changed to race 14, to which Bedford is moderately resistant. Cordell probably derived its race 5 resistance from either Peking or PI 90763 because the isolate resulting from culture on Cordell reproduced on the H. glycines race differentials in a pattern similar to those of other isolates selected on PI 90763 in previous studies. Rotation of cultivars with pedigrees similar to Bedford and Cordell may be effective in managing H. glycines to prevent yield suppression in soybean and the development of new races. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,605 AIRWAYS BLVD,JACKSON,TN 38301, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 653 EP 655 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700015 PM 19279942 ER EF