FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU GELMAN, DB BECKAGE, NE AF GELMAN, DB BECKAGE, NE TI LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ECDYSIOTROPINS IN PROCTODAEA OF 5TH INSTARS OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA-SEXTA (LEPIDOPTERA, SPHINGIDAE), AND HOSTS PARASITIZED BY THE BRACONID WASP COTESIA-CONGREGATA (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth Ecdysone Workshop CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1994 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP CZECH ACAD SCI, INST ENTOMOL DE ECDYSIOTROPIN; PROCTODAEUM; PARASITISM; MANDUCA SEXTA; COTESIA CONGREGATA; PROTHORACIC GLANDS; ECDYSONE AB Using an in vitro prothoracic gland assay (PTG) to assess production of ecdysteroids, a low molecular weight ecdysiotropin(s) (500-1,500 daltons) was detected in proctodaea (hindguts) of unparasitized and parasitized Manduca sexta 5th instars. Dose-response curves for the three groups of insects tested were similar with maximum stimulation being observed in PTGs incubated with 0.00125-0.005 organ equivalent. However, when results were adjusted for differences in wet weight of the proctodaea, extracts from hosts which initially were parasitized in the first instar, possessed 2.6 times more ecdysiotropic activity than extracts from day-3 unparasitized 5th instars and 1.8 times more activity than extracts from day-1 unparasitized 5th instars. These results suggest that the parasite may be able to regulate the synthesis and/or release of its host's proctodaeal ecdysiotropin(s) possibly as a strategy of host regulation to facilitate meeting its own developmental requirements. RP GELMAN, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CZECHOSLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES, INST ENTOMOLOGY PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC 370 05 SN 1210-5759 J9 EUR J ENTOMOL JI Eur. J. Entomol. PY 1995 VL 92 IS 1 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QN055 UT WOS:A1995QN05500012 ER PT J AU GELMAN, DB BELL, RA AF GELMAN, DB BELL, RA TI LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ECDYSIOTROPINS IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF 5TH INSTARS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE), AND THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth Ecdysone Workshop CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1994 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP CZECH ACAD SCI, INST ENTOMOL DE LEPIDOPTERA; ECDYSIOTROPINS; HEMOLYMPH; PROCTODAEA; PROTHORACIC GLANDS; DIAPAUSE AB Fluctuations of low molecular weight (500-1,500 daltons) ecdysiotropin titers in the hemolymph of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, were measured. For hemolymph from nondiapause-bound European corn borer 5th instars, dose/response curves suggest that there exist at least two ecdysiotropins capable of stimulating prothoracic glands to produce ecdysteroid, one (ECTR I) with maximum activity at 0.5 mu l hemolymph/25 mu l drop of incubation medium and one (ECTR II) with maximum activity at 4 mu l hemolymph/25 mu l drop of incubation medium. ECTR I was detected on days 2, 3 and 4 of the 5th instar while ECTR II was detected throughout the 5th instar and also in the hemolymph of pharate pupae and day-1 pupae. Hemolymph of diapause-bound 5th instars also possessed ecdysiotropic activity. Considerably more ecdysiotropin was detected on days 1 through 5 of these diapause-bound 5th instars than on days 7 through 24. Dose/response curves for hemolymph from fifth instar L. dispar also suggest that there are at least two ecdysiotropins present. Extracts of hindguts (proctodaea) of O. nubilalis and of L. dispar have been reported to contain low molecular weight ecdysiotropins that stimulate the in vitro production of ecdysteroid by prothoracic glands. It is possible that the source of one or both of the newly discovered hemolymph ecdysiotropins is the proctodaeum. RP GELMAN, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CZECHOSLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES, INST ENTOMOLOGY PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC 370 05 SN 1210-5759 J9 EUR J ENTOMOL JI Eur. J. Entomol. PY 1995 VL 92 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QN055 UT WOS:A1995QN05500013 ER PT J AU ACOSTA, PB GROSS, KC AF ACOSTA, PB GROSS, KC TI HIDDEN SOURCES OF GALACTOSE IN THE ENVIRONMENT SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Galactosemia CY NOV 17-19, 1993 CL FULDA, GERMANY SP SHS Gesell Klin Ernahr mbH, Heilbronn, SHS Int Ltd DE GALACTOSE; ARABINOGALACTANS; GALACTINOL; GALACTOPINITOLS; RHAMNOGALACTURONANS ID ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEINS; DIETARY FIBER; CELL WALLS; CHICK PEA; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; FLOURS; SUGARS; FOODS AB A galactose-restricted diet free of lactose is lifesaving in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) deficiency, but does not prevent long term complications such as developmental delay, abnormal speech, poor growth and, in females, ovarian failure. Lactose, found in dairy products and as an extender in drugs, has been considered the primary source of galactose in the diet. Two recent publications reported that small amounts of galactose are present in many fruits and vegetables. We report the presence of considerable amounts of free galactose in some legumes (dried beans and peas) and the presence of bound galactose in many food plants. Galactose, in various glycosidic linkages, such as alpha-1,6, beta-1,3 and beta-1,4, and as a component of lipids, is ubiquitous in animals and plants. The bioavailability of alpha-1,6 and beta-1,3 linked galactose in foods is unknown. However, alpha-galactosidases found in plant and animal tissues may release galactose in alpha-1,6 linkage, and from digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Galactose in beta-1,4 linkage and as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol may be released by beta-galactosidases in animal and plant tissues. Foods fermented by microorganisms for preparation or preservation purposes may contain free galactose. The role of free and bound galactose in cereals, fruits, legumes, nuts, organ meats, seeds, and vegetables in the poor outcome seen in some patients with GALT deficiency is unknown. It is certain that no patients with GALT deficiency have ever ingested a galactose-free diet. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ACOSTA, PB (reprint author), ABBOTT LABS,ROSS PROD DIV,625 CLEVELAND AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43215, USA. NR 62 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-6199 J9 EUR J PEDIATR JI Eur. J. Pediatr. PY 1995 VL 154 IS 7 SU 2 BP S87 EP S92 DI 10.1007/BF02143811 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RG852 UT WOS:A1995RG85200019 PM 7671974 ER PT J AU Cooper, JC GiraudHeraud, E Requillart, V AF Cooper, JC GiraudHeraud, E Requillart, V TI Economic impacts of isoglucose deregulation on the European sweetener market SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE imperfect competition; vertical differentiation; game theory; agricultural policy; sugar; isoglucose AB The EU sweetener market is highly regulated. In particular, production of isoglucose, the main competitor of sugar, is limited to about 2 per cent of the sugar quota. Using a product differentiation model and game theory we develop a normative analysis of the sweetener market and analyse the potential impacts of the liberalisation of isoglucose production. We show that use of isoglucose in the EU would be a smaller percentage of total sweetener use than it is in the United States. We also demonstrate that such a liberalisation could not increase welfare if it is not accompanied by a reduction in the sugar quota. C1 UNIV TOULOUSE 1,STN ECON & SOCIOL RURALES,INST NATL RECH AGRON,F-31042 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. INRA,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOUTON DE GRUYTER PI HAWTHORNE PA 200 SAW MILL RIVER RD, HAWTHORNE, NY 10532 SN 0165-1587 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 BP 425 EP 445 DI 10.1093/erae/22.4.425 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA TR181 UT WOS:A1995TR18100001 ER PT S AU Bisson, PA AF Bisson, PA BE Nielsen, JL TI Ecosystem and habitat conservation: More than just a problem of geography SO EVOLUTION AND THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM: DEFINING UNIQUE UNITS IN POPULATION CONSERVATION SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem - Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation CY MAY 23-25, 1994 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,OLYMPIA FORESTRY SCI LAB,OLYMPIA,WA 98512. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-94-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 17 BP 329 EP 333 PG 5 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE86L UT WOS:A1995BE86L00025 ER PT S AU Reeves, GH Benda, LE Burnett, KM Bisson, PA Sedell, JR AF Reeves, GH Benda, LE Burnett, KM Bisson, PA Sedell, JR BE Nielsen, JL TI A disturbance-based ecosystem approach to maintaining and restoring freshwater habitats of evolutionarily significant units of anadromous salmonids in the Pacific Northwest SO EVOLUTION AND THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM: DEFINING UNIQUE UNITS IN POPULATION CONSERVATION SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem - Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation CY MAY 23-25, 1994 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 162 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-94-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 17 BP 334 EP 349 PG 16 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE86L UT WOS:A1995BE86L00026 ER PT S AU Haugen, G AF Haugen, G BE Nielsen, JL TI A forest service perspective on defining unique units in population conservation SO EVOLUTION AND THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM: DEFINING UNIQUE UNITS IN POPULATION CONSERVATION SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem - Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation CY MAY 23-25, 1994 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-94-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 17 BP 434 EP 435 PG 2 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE86L UT WOS:A1995BE86L00038 ER PT S AU Nielsen, JL Powers, DA AF Nielsen, JL Powers, DA BE Nielsen, JL TI Evolution and the aquatic ecosystem: Defining unique units in population conservation - Introduction SO EVOLUTION AND THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM: DEFINING UNIQUE UNITS IN POPULATION CONSERVATION SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem - Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation CY MAY 23-25, 1994 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-94-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1995 VL 17 BP R11 EP R12 PG 2 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE86L UT WOS:A1995BE86L00002 ER PT J AU WIEHLE, RD RICHARDSON, M BESCH, N BESCH, P KIRSHON, B REITER, A HUTCHENS, TW AF WIEHLE, RD RICHARDSON, M BESCH, N BESCH, P KIRSHON, B REITER, A HUTCHENS, TW TI MARKER PROTEINS IN THE PARTICULATE FRACTION OF 3RD-TRIMESTER AMNIOTIC-FLUID SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PULMONARY SURFACTANT; SURFACTANT PROTEIN A; AMNIOTIC FLUID; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME ID SURFACTANT-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; PULMONARY SURFACTANT; INVITRO TRANSLATION; FETAL POLYPEPTIDES; LAMELLAR BODIES; TUBULAR MYELIN; LUNG MATURITY; APOPROTEINS; RAT; ELECTROPHORESIS AB The present clinical evaluation of fetal lung maturity relies largely on the determination of the amniotic surfactant phospholipids phosphotidylglycerol, lecithin, and sphingomyelin, but there are many Salse negatives as well as false positives among diabetics. The use of other components of lung surfactant, namely, the hydrophobic surfactant proteins (SPs) has long been suggested as an alternative to the classical assay, but tests based on the detection of immunoreactive SP-A have not proved superior or supplanted phospholipid ratios as an index. This report investigates the proteins in a fraction of third-trimester human amniotic fluid (the particulate fraction) enriched in the SP complexes that form the surfactant monolayer. The proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining and immunoblotting. Eight proteins are of particular intel est. Three novel proteins (termed AFPP-1, AFPP-4, and AFPP-8) and the alpha-fetoprotein/human serum albumin complex (AFPP-7) can be detected throughout the 28- to 38-week gestational window. The protein that is referred to as AFPP-2 could be identified as SP-A on the basis of immunologic cross-reactivity as well as size and charge characteristics. The time course of appearance of AFPP-2 was also followed in patients with Rh isoimmunization syndrome and was found to be the same as that seen for SP-A. The SP-A was detected as at least five major charged isoforms with multiple subisoforms of different molecular weight and can be distinguished from a related set of proteins (AFPP-5) that appear with a different time course but are possible precursors. Two other proteins (AFPP-3, AFPP-6), which are detectable inconsistently bear some similarity to others reported previously but not extensively characterized. These results define both constant and variable proteins of the particulate fraction of the amniotic fluid and indicate that certain protein isoforms are changing throughout the third trimester. These data enhance the possibility of the utilization of these proteins as markers of lung maturity in conditions such as maternal diabetes. C1 METHODIST HOSP,CTR REPROD MED & SURG,HOUSTON,TX 77030. REPROD RES LAB,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP WIEHLE, RD (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,6550 FANNIN,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 17 EP 39 DI 10.3109/01902149509031742 PG 23 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA QB852 UT WOS:A1995QB85200002 PM 7729375 ER PT J AU Sharpe, RR Harper, LA AF Sharpe, RR Harper, LA TI Soil, plant and atmospheric conditions as they relate to ammonia volatilization SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE micrometeorology; N flux; livestock waste; NH3; N-15 ID CATTLE SLURRY; CALCAREOUS SOILS; SURFACE; EXCHANGE; DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; FIELD; TRANSPORT; RECOVERY; SULFATE AB Gaseous ammonia (NH3) transport is an important pathway in the terrestrial N cycle. In the atmosphere NH3 neutralizes airborne acids and is a major factor determining air quality and acid rain deposition patterns. Redeposition of atmospheric NH3 plays an important role in the N balance of natural ecosystems and has been implicated in forest decline, plant species change and eutrophication of surface water. Much of the N in soil-plant animal systems can be lost to the atmosphere, particularly with surface applied livestock waste, or urea and anhydrous ammonia fertilizers. Plants can have a significant impact on NH3 transport because they can both absorb and desorb atmospheric NH3. Under conditions of low soil N or high atmospheric NH3 concentrations, plants absorb NH3. Under conditions of high soil N or low atmospheric NH3 concentrations, plants volatilize NH3. This article discusses methods for evaluating NH3 transport in the filed, the rate of NH3 volatilized from fertilizer application, and the effects of plants on net NH3 transport. RP Sharpe, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PY 1995 VL 42 IS 1-3 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF00750509 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UF880 UT WOS:A1995UF88000015 ER PT J AU HEATHMAN, GC SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ ROBINSON, JS AF HEATHMAN, GC SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ ROBINSON, JS TI LAND APPLICATION OF POULTRY LITTER AND WATER-QUALITY IN OKLAHOMA, USA SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL MANURE; EUTROPHICATION; GROUND WATER; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF AB With the rapid growth of the poultry industry in Oklahoma, U.S.A., more litter is applied to farm land. Thus, information is required on the impact of applications on regional soil and water resources. The effect of soil and poultry litter management on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss in runoff and subsurface flow from four 16 m(2) plots (Ruston fine sandy loam, 6 to 8% slope) was investigated under natural rainfall. Plots under Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) received 11 Mg litter ha(-1), which amounts to contributions of approximately 410 kg N and 140 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1). In spring, litter was broadcast on 3 of the plots; the upper half of one and total area of the other two. One of the total-area broadcast plots was tilled to 6 cm, the other remained as no till. The fourth plot served as a control. Relative to the control, litter application increased mean concentrations of total N and total P in runoff during the 16-week study for no-till (15.4 and 5.8 mg L(-1)) and tilled treatments (16.7 and 6.1 mg L(-1)). However, values for the half-area application (5.6 and 2.0 mg L(-1)) were similar to the control (5.7 and 1.3 mg L(-1)). Interflow (subsurface lateral flow at 70 cm depth) P was not affected by litter application; however, nitrate-N concentrations increased from 0.6 (control) to 2.9 mg L(-1) (no till). In all cases, < 2% litter N and P was lost in runoff and interflow, maintaining acceptable water quality concentrations. Although litter increased grass yield (8518 kg ha(-1)) compared to the control (3501 kg ha(-1)), yields were not affected by litter management. An 8-fold increase in the plant available P content of surface soil indicates long-term litter management and application rates will be critical to the environmentally sound use of this nutrient resource. RP HEATHMAN, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PY 1995 VL 40 IS 3 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1007/BF00750462 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RQ814 UT WOS:A1995RQ81400001 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR SELIGMAN, NG AF SINCLAIR, TR SELIGMAN, NG TI GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE AND SIMULATED FORAGE QUALITY OF WHEAT .1. NONSTRESSED CONDITIONS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS; FORAGE; MODELING; WHEAT ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPRING WHEAT; CO2 ENRICHMENT; WINTER-WHEAT; ELEVATED CO2; DRY-MATTER; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; YIELD AB Projected changes in the global environment may affect both the quantity and quality of grain and forage mass produced and harvested in that environment. Quality is a major factor in determining the value of a forage crop as feed for ruminants. The objective of this study was to make a preliminary assessment of potential changes in the quantity and quality of forage as measured by [N] and leaf:stem of an annual, temperate climate C-3 forage crop grown under nonstressed conditions. Starting with a relatively simple, well-checked mechanistic model of wheat, adaptations were added to estimate changes in forage attributes. Increased temperature influenced both yield and nutritive value, mainly through changes in ontological development rates. Elevated,atmospheric [CO2] resulted in greater mass accumulation, but with lower leaf:stem and [N]. The combined effect of increased temperature and elevated [CO2] was to decrease slightly forage yield and to increase the forage nutritive value. These compensating effects of higher temperature and elevated [CO2] could be modified by interactions between [CO2] and the chemical composition and cell wall structure of forage plants. Analysis of such subtle interaction requires considerable experimental amplification. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST FIELD & GARDEN CROPS,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(94)00091-P PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QJ758 UT WOS:A1995QJ75800002 ER PT J AU SELIGMAN, NG SINCLAIR, TR AF SELIGMAN, NG SINCLAIR, TR TI GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE AND SIMULATED FORAGE QUALITY OF WHEAT .2. WATER AND NITROGEN STRESS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS; MODELING; NITROGEN; WATER STRESS; WHEAT ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 ENRICHMENT; DRY-WEIGHT; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; YIELD; DIGESTIBILITY; CARBOHYDRATE; PLANT AB Forage crops are frequently subjected to stress conditions resulting from inadequate supplies of water and N. Because forages grown under these stress conditions constitute an important resource in animal agriculture, this study was undertaken to assess possible changes in the nutritive value and productivity of forage crops as a consequence of global environment change. A relatively simple, mechanistic model of wheat was extended to simulate growth and important determinants of feed quality ([N], leaf:stem, dry matter digestibility) in an annual, temperate climate C-3 forage grass. Weather data for a semiarid region and different levels of applied N were used to examine the response of forage productivity to various levels of water and N availability. Not surprisingly, responses to global environment change were highly dependent on the availability of both water and N. When either resource was available at low levels, production of digestible dry matter was nearly unchanged by elevated [CO2] or increased temperature. When compared at equivalent development stages, small increases in forage quality were simulated, mainly because higher temperature resulted in achievement of the initiation of grain fill at an earlier date. As N availability increased, differences in forage characteristics and productivity became more prominent. Elevated ambient [CO2] increased vegetative mass, digestible dry matter, and concentration of digestible dry matter but decreased leaf:stem and [N]. Increased temperature generally had an effect on forage traits that was opposite to the elevated [CO2] response. The combined effects of both factors sometimes cancelled each other, but usually one of the factors was dominant. Negative effects of temperature tended to be aggravated by dry conditions. At crop maturity, positive effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on forage productivity and quality were severely decreased by nutrient and physiological constraints. These simulations indicate that when forage crops are grown under irrigation in semiarid regions, there may be substantial and complex changes in productivity and feed quality as a consequence of warmer temperature and elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Under rainfed conditions, these differences could be quite erratic and virtually unpredictable within the current range of interannual variation in forage productivity and quality. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INS FIELD & GARDEN CROPS,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(94)00092-Q PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QJ758 UT WOS:A1995QJ75800003 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG KENTY, MM KILEN, TC AF HEATHERLY, LG KENTY, MM KILEN, TC TI EFFECTS OF STORAGE ENVIRONMENT AND DURATION ON IMPERMEABLE SEED COAT IN SOYBEAN SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE; IMPERMEABLE SEED COAT; SOYBEAN; IMPERMEABILITY; GERMINATION ID STRESS; REGISTRATION; INFECTION; PHOMOPSIS; QUALITY AB Seed of commercially grown soybean [Glycine max (L.) Men.] cultivars have a highly permeable, or normal, seed coat (NSC) that allows them to imbibe water rapidly, sprout, and emerge uniformly when sown. The quality of such seed may decline, however, if they experience high temperature and humidity in the field before harvest or during storage. A possible solution is to use cultivars having an impermeable seed coat (ISC) characteristic. A study was conducted at Stoneville, Mississippi, using held-grown seed of Forrest and Sharkey (NSC cultivars) and D86-4565 and D87-4647 (ISC Lines) to evaluate the effect of storage environment and duration on impermeability and germination. Storage environments were: (1) a ventilated shed subject to prevailing temperature and humidity; (2) a cold room having a constant temperature of 10 degrees C; (3) an indoor laboratory with temperatures ranging from 21 to 27 degrees C; and (4) a standard freezer with a constant temperature of -2 degrees C. Germination and impermeability measurements were made at 1.5, 8, 15, and 20 months after harvest. Impermeability of seed of the ISC lines did not change significantly and germination of unscarified seed of all cultivars and lines was not appreciably affected by storage in the latter three environments. After storage in the shed, germination of Forrest and Sharkey declined from 96 to 12% and from 93 to 21% after 20 months, respectively, while germination of seed of the ISC lines that had been stored in the shed and then scarified had only declined from 96 to 78% (D87-4647) and from 98 to 75% (D86-4565). These results are evidence that the ISC character can maintain viability of soybean seed during long periods of storage under natural conditions of temperature and humidity. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(94)00075-N PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QJ758 UT WOS:A1995QJ75800006 ER PT S AU DIETENBERGER, MA AF DIETENBERGER, MA BE Nelson, GL TI PROTOCOL FOR IGNITABILITY, LATERAL FLAME SPREAD, AND HEAT RELEASE RATE USING LIFT APPARATUS SO FIRE AND POLYMERS II: MATERIALS AND TESTS FOR HAZARD PREVENTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire and Polymers II - Materials and Tests for Hazard Prevention CY AUG 21-26, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Mat, Sci & Engn Inc AB In this study, protocols in ASTM E 1321 for determining piloted ignition and flame spread properties and in E 1317 for deriving heat release rate are modified to improve generality, accuracy, and efficiency. We report on new methods that improve the calibration of radiative and convective heat flux profiles on the exposed material, such as Douglas Fir plywood. A simple direct measure of surface emissivity completes the boundary conditions for material thermal analysis. A crank-operated indicator, interfaced with data acquisition system, tracks the lateral flame front to the spread of flame limit. Features of our lateral flame spread model include a range of preheating the sample before flame spreading, the transitioning from thick to thin thermal behavior, and a limit to flame spread. Our improvement to E 1317 in measuring heat release rate profile is demonstrated. RP DIETENBERGER, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3231-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 599 BP 435 EP 449 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BD63Y UT WOS:A1995BD63Y00029 ER PT S AU Marshall, DE AF Marshall, DE BE FernandezMunoz, R Cuartero, J GomezGuillamon, ML TI Mechanical pepper harvesting SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOLANACEA FOR FRESH MARKET SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Solanacea for Fresh Market CY MAR 28-31, 1995 CL MALAGA, SPAIN SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Spanish Soc Hort Sci, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Junta Andalucia, Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Plan Nacl Invest Cientif & Desarrollo Tecnol, Excma, Diputac Malaga, British Council, Cajas Rurales Granada & Malaga, Unicaja, MSD Agvet, Haifa Chem, Ferquisa DE Capsicum; selective harvesting; non-selective harvesting; fresh market; processing; labor AB Since 1967, over 200 machines have been built around the world to mechanically harvest Capsicum peppers. During this period, 14 patents were issued for mechanical pepper harvesters. Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain, United States, and the former USSR have tested experimental harvesters using about 29 different mechanical harvesting principles. Various processor and manufacturing companies have attempted harvest mechanization since the late 1960's, but interest waned when success was not imminent. In 1980; 10 nonprofit university, state, and federal research agencies were experimenting with pepper harvest mechanization, by 1990 there were none. Since the first harvest mechanization used commercially in the U.S. was on bell peppers for dehydration in California in 1967 the peppers harvested mechanically has rarely exceeded 400 ha. However, the processing and manufacturing industries have renewed their interest in mechanization in the early 1990s. This is expected to increase significantly by the year 2000. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Fruit & Vegetable Harvesting Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Marshall, DE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Fruit & Vegetable Harvesting Unit, Farrall Agr Engn hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-927-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 412 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31W UT WOS:000071774700033 ER PT J AU Lee, RC Cary, JW Bhatnagar, D Chu, FS AF Lee, RC Cary, JW Bhatnagar, D Chu, FS TI Production and characterization of polyclonal antibodies against norsolorinic acid reductase involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE norsolorinic acid reductase; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; aflatoxin; biosynthesis; antibodies ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; CLONING; GENE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; PURIFICATION; CONVERSION; ENZYME; FLAVUS; TRANSFORMATION; PROTEINS AB Polyclonal antibodies against norsolorinic acid reductase (NSR), an enzyme responsible for the conversion of norsolorinic acid to averantin in the early stage of aflatoxin biosynthesis, were produced after immunizing rabbits with a semi-purified NSR preparation. Immunochemical analysis of the enzyme extracts fr om Aspergillus parasiticus revealed that the antibodies reacted with several protein species, including bands corresponding to NSR activity. The ammonium sulfate-cut IgG was further purified by passing it through a column aimed with protein fractions containing immunoreactivity, but no enzyme activity, isolated from the A. parasiticus extracts that had been subjected to Sepharose gel filtration. After subtractive affinity chromatography, the purified antiserum reacted primarily with two protein bands (of molecular weight 43 and 48 kDa) and was capable of neutralizing the NSR activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of various fungal extracts showed that the purified antiserum was highly specific for the enzyme. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FOOD MICROBIOL & TOXICOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,INST FOOD RES,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGRIC IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1080/09540109509354862 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA TU279 UT WOS:A1995TU27900003 ER PT J AU Brandon, DL Binder, RG Bates, AH Montague, WC AF Brandon, DL Binder, RG Bates, AH Montague, WC TI Competitive ELISA of thiabendazole residues in produce using indirectly immobilized monoclonal antibodies SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thiabendazole; ELISA; peel; extraction ID PERSISTENCE; FUNGICIDES; POTATOES; BENOMYL; APPLES; FOODS AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed originally for analysis of thiabendazole (2-[4-thiazolyl]1H-benzimidazole, TBZ) residues in bovine liver, was used to analyze residues of this post-harvest fungicide in the peel of apple, potato, orange, grapefruit and banana. Residues were extracted by soaking peels overnight in 80% methanol and filtering the decanted supernatants. A 20-fold dilution eliminated significant matrix effects. The ELISA has a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm in peel samples, corresponding to 10-40 ppb in the whole fruit or tuber. The ELISA employs a monoclonal antibody layer, immobilized indirectly via a rabbit anti-mouse Ige secondary antibody, and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated 5-succinamido-TBZ. Assay wells coated in this way could be dried and stored for at least 6 months without detectable changes in assay parameters. The method exceeds the required sensitivity for regulatory monitoring of TBZ I residues in the US, and offers greater speed and specificity than previously reported methods. RP Brandon, DL (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGRIC IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1080/09540109509354869 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA TU281 UT WOS:A1995TU28100001 ER PT J AU Elissalde, MH KampsHoltzapple, C Beier, RC Plattner, RD Rowe, LD Stanker, LH AF Elissalde, MH KampsHoltzapple, C Beier, RC Plattner, RD Rowe, LD Stanker, LH TI Development of an improved monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for fumonisin B-1-3 and the use of molecular modeling to explain observed detection limits SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monoclonal antibody; immunoassay; fumonisin; molecular modeling ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS; TOXICITY; CHICKS; CANCER; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; IMMUNOASSAY; CULTURE; ASSAY; RATS AB Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins produced by the plant pathogen, Fusarium moniliforme. Splenic lymphocytes, from Balb/c mice immunized with fumonisin B-1-ovalbumin conjugate, were fused with SP2/O myeloma cells, and 14 hybridomas were selected. In a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fumonisin B-1-bovine serum albumin and free fumonisin B-1 (FB1) competed for the monoclonal antibody. The concentrations of FB1 required to inhibit 50% antibody binding (IC50) ranged fr-om 300 to 670 ppb. Antibodies also cross-reacted with fumonisins B-2 and B-3 (FB2, FB3), and the hydrolyzed backbone of fumonisin B-1 (HB-FB1). None of the 14 monoclonal antibodies recognized the sphingolipids, sphingosine and sphinganine, that are structurally similar to the backbone of the fumonisins. Three-dimensional computer models of FB1, FB2 and FB3 show the amine backbone folding with the two esterified trimethyl-propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid sine-chains to form a cage into which the hydroxyl and acid groups of these fumonisins extend. The HB-FB1 molecule, with the two trimethyl-propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid esterified moieties at carbons 14 and 15 removed, does not possess two of the three branches which are folded together with inter-hydrogen bonding to formulate the three-dimensional structure that makes up the cage feature of FB1, FB2 and FB3. Because of the unexpected folding of the three arms to make a cage of FB1, attachment of the protein to the amine group, which is close to, or appears to be part of the epitope, may have allowed the immune system of the mouse to produce antibodies more specific for the FB1-protein conjugate than to free FB1. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Elissalde, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGRIC IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1080/09540109509354870 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA TU281 UT WOS:A1995TU28100002 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, MR AF TAYLOR, MR TI USDAS AGENDA FOR CHANGE TO IMPROVE FOOD SAFETY SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP TAYLOR, MR (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 385 EP 388 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TD509 UT WOS:A1995TD50900004 PM 10343006 ER PT J AU POST, RC AF POST, RC TI KEEPING FOOD SAFE SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP POST, RC (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TD509 UT WOS:A1995TD50900005 PM 10343007 ER PT B AU Park, B Chen, YR AF Park, B Chen, YR GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI Ultrasonic shear wave characterization in beef Longissimus muscle SO FOOD PROCESSING AUTOMATION IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Food Processing Automation Conference (FPAC IV) CY NOV 03-05, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Food & Proc Engn Inst DE ultrasound; shear; longitudinal; acoustical velocity; meat; tenderness RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-70-9 PY 1995 BP 248 EP 258 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA BF62N UT WOS:A1995BF62N00030 ER PT B AU Upchurch, BL Throop, JA Aneshansley, DJ AF Upchurch, BL Throop, JA Aneshansley, DJ GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI Device to orient apples for automatic inspection SO FOOD PROCESSING AUTOMATION IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Food Processing Automation Conference (FPAC IV) CY NOV 03-05, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Food & Proc Engn Inst DE orientation; apples; automatic inspection; sorting; inspection RP Upchurch, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-70-9 PY 1995 BP 461 EP 472 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA BF62N UT WOS:A1995BF62N00053 ER PT J AU TERANISHI, R HORNSTEIN, I AF TERANISHI, R HORNSTEIN, I TI MUSHROOMS - THE VERSATILE FUNGUS - FOOD AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES - PREFACE SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP TERANISHI, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,WRRC,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 8755-9129 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 1995 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA QJ501 UT WOS:A1995QJ50100001 ER PT J AU LU, YC KELLY, TC AF LU, YC KELLY, TC TI IMPLICATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE FOR THE WORLD FOOD SITUATION SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID FARMING SYSTEMS; CROP; PROFITABILITY AB World population growth rate has slowed since the early 1970s, but growth in world grain production has slowed further. As a result, per capita grain production has declined since 1983. Conventional farming practices that use heavy chemical applications and high-yielding varieties have resulted in soil erosion, depletion of natural resources, contamination of the environment, and reduced biodiversity; and threaten to diminish the world's ability to sustain life of all kinds. If these trends persist, the earth may not sustain an adequate level of food production. Transition to sustainable agricultural practices could presumably prevent most of this degradation but may not produce adequate supplies of food to meet the growing demand. Although yields from sustainable agricultural farms can be as high as those from conventional farms, food production per acre of rotation generally declines because sustainable farms need to incorporate green manure crops and forage legumes into their rotations. Therefore, food production must be increased, which can be done in two ways: either bring more land into cultivation or increase yields. Although there are large tracts of land still available, their fragile ecosystems make it costly to bring them into production. Future grain production must come from higher yields. However, several studies indicate that the growth of major crop yields is leveling off, and that it has become increasingly difficult to increase crop yields. Therefore, to meet future world food demand, we need to continue to invest in research to develop new technologies that are directed toward sustainable agriculture. Adoption of new technologies could break through the yield ceiling characterized by previous technologies and enable the yield growth rate to outpace the population growth rate. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT FOOD & RESOURCE ECON, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RP LU, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, BLDG 007, ROOM 008, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 8755-9129 EI 1525-6103 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 255 EP 280 PG 26 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RB553 UT WOS:A1995RB55300002 ER PT J AU TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG TURNBAUGH, JG BENSON, M AF TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG TURNBAUGH, JG BENSON, M TI ODOR THRESHOLDS OF VARIOUS BRANCHED ESTERS SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Note ID VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; COMPONENTS AB A series of branched esters (methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate to ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate) were purified by preparative gas chromatography and their odor thresholds were determined using sensory panel methods. The odor thresholds reached a minimum with the butanoate and pentanoate esters. In general, the branched esters have much lower odor thresholds than their straight chain counterparts. Replacing methyl and ethyl branch substituents with mercapto- or hydroxy-groups resulted in higher odor thresholds. RP TAKEOKA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QH217 UT WOS:A1995QH21700025 ER PT J AU BIETZ, JA SCHMALZRIED, E AF BIETZ, JA SCHMALZRIED, E TI CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS OF WHEAT GLIADIN - INITIAL STUDIES AND APPLICATION TO VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNITED-STATES; PROTEINS; SEPARATION; CULTIVARS AB Wheat gluten proteins have important functional properties, and are reliable indicators of genotype. They are also very heterogeneous, demanding use of powerful analytical techniques Gel electrophoresis methods are widely used for gluten analysis, but they are labor-intensive, and their delta are not easily quantified Methods of capillary electrophoresis (CE) are now available that promise to overcame these disadvantages. We here report successful application and optimization of two CE procedures for gliadin analysis. The first procedure used 0.06 mol/L sodium berate buffer pH 9.0, containing 200 mL/L acetonitrile + 10 g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate; separations were excellent, but reproducibility was difficult to maintain. The second buffer 0.1 mol/L phosphate, pH 2.5, containing a linear hydrophilic polymer, overcame this problem, providing separations of gliadins that are rapid, high-resolution, automatic, and easily quantified CE analyses of gliadin also reliably differentiate varieties of all U.S. wheat classes. CE is thus a valuable technique for gliadin analysis, complementary to other methods of electrophoresis and chromatography. CE has much potential to become a routine fool for wheat varietal identification and classification, and for prediction of quality. RP BIETZ, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1995 VL 28 IS 2 BP 174 EP 184 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QW935 UT WOS:A1995QW93500003 ER PT J AU KING, JW AF KING, JW TI DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUBILITY PARAMETER OF SOYBEAN OIL BY INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; WATER AB The solubility parameter of soybean oil, delta(2), has been determined by the technique of inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Using soybean ail as the stationary phase, solute retention volumes were precisely determined as a function of temperature using 22 solute probes of varying solubility parameter (delta(1)). Solvent (oil)-solute interaction parameters, chi, were also calculated from the solute retention data and indicate complete miscibility of the solute probes with the soybean oil at conditions of infinite dilution. The chi values and their dependence on temperature were used to compute delta(2) at 59, 79, 101, and 123 degrees C. Over this temperature interval, the delta(2) decreased from 7.9 to 6.9 cal(1/2)/cm(3/2) with decreasing temperature, a trend consistent with the loss of cohesional energy density in the liquid soybean oil. RP KING, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1995 VL 28 IS 2 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QW935 UT WOS:A1995QW93500005 ER PT J AU BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR KRAMMER, GE LING, LC AF BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR KRAMMER, GE LING, LC TI IDENTIFICATION OF 2,5-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)-FURANONE (FURANEOL) AND 5-METHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)-FURANONE IN FRESH AND PROCESSED TOMATO (VOL 27, PG 592, 1994) SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Correction, Addition RP BUTTERY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1995 VL 28 IS 4 BP 448 EP 448 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RP182 UT WOS:A1995RP18200011 ER PT J AU MACCLEERY, D AF MACCLEERY, D TI RESILIENCY - THE TRADEMARK OF AMERICAN FORESTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP MACCLEERY, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,TIMBER MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QC198 UT WOS:A1995QC19800003 ER PT J AU HANSEN, BG AF HANSEN, BG TI ESTIMATING THE TROPICAL TEMPERATE MIX OF EUROPEAN HARDWOOD LUMBAR IMPORTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Attempts to document changes in European imports of tropical hardwood lumber are clouded by trade statistics that fail to fully disclose species identities. A recent examination of imports in six European Community (EC) member countries found that a wide range of imports from non-EC-member countries and other EC-member countries were not classified as to species. Consequently, a species breakdown of imports based on known species alone fails to account for much of the import volume. Summarizing imports of known species from non-EC-member countries on the basis of country of origin provided nearly identical tropical/temperate mix ratios as did summaries of the actual species volumes themselves. Thus, country of origin would seem to be suitable for estimating the mix of unknown species imports. In contrast, using country of origin to estimate the tropical/temperate mix of unknown imports from other EC-member countries was unsuitable because of the large volume of re-exports of tropical species by other EC-member countries. Consequently, in this case, a range of possibilities was examined. RP HANSEN, BG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,ROUTE 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QC198 UT WOS:A1995QC19800005 ER PT J AU WIEDENBECK, JK ARAMAN, PA AF WIEDENBECK, JK ARAMAN, PA TI ROUGH MILL SIMULATIONS REVEAL THAT PRODUCTIVITY WHEN PROCESSING SHORT LUMBER CAN BE HIGH SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Handling rates and costs associated with using short-length lumber (less than 8 ft. long) in furniture and cabinet industry rough mills have been assumed to be prohibitive. Discrete-event systems simulation models of both a crosscut-first and gang-rip-first rough mill were built to measure the effect of lumber length on equipment utilization and the volume and value of the rough parts produced. In the crosscut-first mill model, the volume and value of parts produced from short-length lumber compared favorably with the volume and value of parts produced from the medium- (8 to 13 ft. long) and long- (14 to 16 ft. long) length lumber. A ''conservative case'' short-lumber scenario was also simulated in which the distribution of cutting lengths was varied. The short-lumber volume and value yields for this model version were somewhat lower than the medium- and long-lumber yields. In the gang-rip-first mill model, the volume and value of parts produced from short lumber were equal to approximately 60 percent of the production from the medium and long lumber. The unstacker and planer were unable to provide sufficient material to the ripsaws which, in turn, were unable to process the short lumber fast enough to keep the chop saws busy. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP WIEDENBECK, JK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,BE FOREST EXPT STN,RT 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QC198 UT WOS:A1995QC19800006 ER PT J AU SYME, JH SAUCIER, JR AF SYME, JH SAUCIER, JR TI EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM STORAGE OF SOUTHERN PINE SAWLOGS UNDER WATER SPRINKLERS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Loblolly pine sawlogs were stored under water sprinklers for a 2-year period to determine the effectiveness of different sprinkling schedules on preventing infestation by insects and fungi. Sixty freshly harvested test logs were selected from the same timber tract for the project and were placed under water sprinklers in four separate sprinkled decks, each with a different sprinkling schedule. The test logs were sampled periodically to determine moisture content, presence of fungi and insects, and change in mechanical properties. At the end of the 2-year sprinkling period, the test logs were processed in a sawmill and veneer plant to determine the extent of degradation by fungi and insects. The continuous-heavy sprinkling schedule afforded the best protection to the logs of the four sprinkling schedules; there was no visible evidence of blue stain fungus, pine sawyers, or ambrosia beetles after 2 years of storage. Logs in decks with other sprinkling schedules with lower water volumes showed various amounts of fungal and insect degradation, relative to the volumes of water applied. Some mechanical properties appeared to be affected by long-term sprinkling. Tangential toughness was significantly lower at the end of the test period, but modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and radial toughness were not reduced by a significant amount. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP SYME, JH (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QC198 UT WOS:A1995QC19800007 ER PT J AU HSE, CY GEIMER, RL HSU, WE TANG, RC AF HSE, CY GEIMER, RL HSU, WE TANG, RC TI EFFECT OF RESIN TYPE ON PROPERTIES OF STEAM-PRESS-CURED FLAKEBOARDS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID INJECTION PRESS; PARTICLEBOARD ADHESIVES; CURING CONDITIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Six potentially important wood adhesives for gluing southern pine and white oak flakeboards were evaluated for their performances in steam-injection pressing and conventional platen pressing. Of the six resins tested, polyisocyanate resin performed well in both steam injection and conventional platen pressings. Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins performed poorly in steam-injection pressing. However, adding a small amount of polyisocyanate improved performance considerably. Bending strengths were consistently higher with conventional platen pressing than with steam-injection pressing. The lower density face in steam-injection pressing would result in lower bending properties. In PF and MUF resin systems, steam-injection pressing resulted in low bond strength and high dimensional stability, whereas conventional platen pressing resulted in high bond strength and low dimensional stability. The pairing of low strength with high stability suggested that bonding strength could not be the cause of improvement in dimensional stability. Most probably, steam pressing reduced internal stresses and stabilized the flakes, which in turn resulted in an improvement in dimensional stability. The improvement in dimensional stability may also be related to less strength loss of the board in steam-injection pressing when exposed to high relative humidity treatment. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. FORINTEK CANADA CORP,OTTAWA,ON K1G 3Z5,CANADA. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP HSE, CY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QC198 UT WOS:A1995QC19800010 ER PT J AU CAO, GH CUTLER, RG AF CAO, GH CUTLER, RG TI THE DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS - REPLY SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NIA,GERONTOL RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. RP CAO, GH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA ARS,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1 BP 126 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(95)90077-2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PZ979 UT WOS:A1995PZ97900016 ER PT S AU Krinsky, NI AF Krinsky, NI BE RiceEvans, C Halliwell, B Lunt, GG TI Plant carotenoids and related molecules: Important dietary antioxidants SO FREE RADICALS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS: ENVIRONMENT, DRUGS AND FOOD ADDITIVES SE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium on Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress - Environment, Drugs and Food Additives, at the Meeting of the Biochemical-Society CY DEC, 1994 CL UNIV SUSSEX, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP Biochem Soc HO UNIV SUSSEX ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BETA-CAROTENE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION; SINGLET OXYGEN; VITAMIN-E; RADICALS; INVITRO; INVIVO; PROTECTION AB The antioxidant effects of dietary carotenoids such as beta-carotene have been well documented in various systems in vitro, using either organic solvents or membrane systems. However, the biologically relevant studies of the effects of beta-carotene on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation are still controversial, as are those studies using LDL from individuals supplemented with large amounts of beta-carotene. These findings do not agree with the epidemiological evidence which suggests that individuals who consume fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids, or who have relatively high serum carotenoid levels, are at a lower risk of developing coronary heart disease. What is apparent is that studies that have looked at antioxidant protection in the whole organism have demonstrated a decrease in markers of lipid peroxidation after beta-carotene supplementation. Maybe those studies trying to pin-point the antioxidant site of carotenoids in vivo have been looking at the wrong tissue. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Krinsky, NI (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,HLTH SCI CAMPUS,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Halliwell, Barry/C-8318-2009 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PL, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0067-8694 BN 1-85578-069-0 J9 BIOCHEM SOC SYMP PY 1995 IS 61 BP 117 EP 126 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BE55M UT WOS:A1995BE55M00008 ER PT S AU SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG BUSLIG, BS AF SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG BUSLIG, BS BE Rouseff, RL Leahy, MM TI MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL ORANGE JUICE PRODUCTS BY VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS USING HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO FRUIT FLAVORS: BIOGENESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND AUTHENTICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fruit Flavors - Biogenesis, Characterization, and Authentication, at the 206th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-27, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; AROMA AB Analyses of fresh and processed orange juices by headspace gas chromatography afforded quantities of up to 40 volatile components in each juice type. Many of these components are known to influence citrus juice flavor. Multivariate analysis of the quantitative date with a computer pattern recognition program classified the various juice samples according to processing conditions. The graphically displayed classifications corresponded to expected flavor quality. These results can potentially help processors determine product quality without sensory evaluation measurements, and suggest changes in processing conditions to improve flavor of processed products. C1 FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33882. RP SHAW, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,600 AVE S NW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33882, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3227-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 596 BP 33 EP 47 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BD42K UT WOS:A1995BD42K00004 ER PT S AU FELLMAN, JK MATTHEIS, JP AF FELLMAN, JK MATTHEIS, JP BE Rouseff, RL Leahy, MM TI ESTER BIOSYNTHESIS IN RELATION TO HARVEST MATURITY AND CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE OF APPLES SO FRUIT FLAVORS: BIOGENESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND AUTHENTICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fruit Flavors - Biogenesis, Characterization, and Authentication, at the 206th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-27, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; FRUIT; PURIFICATION; ALCOHOLS; ACIDS AB Volatile esters from acids and alcohols are important components of flavor and odor perception in apples. The relationship between alcohol acetyl CoA transferase (AAT) acetate ester-forming activity, non-ethylene volatile emission, and flesh volatile content of apples during the maturation period and after removal from controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage was investigated. At the appropriate times, apples were sampled for volatile compounds in the headspace and flesh using solid sorbent along with purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography. Development of a spectrophotometric assay for AAT activity using 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) to react with free CoA liberated in the esterification reaction is reported. Subsequently, acetate ester forming activity was assayed on partially-purified extracts of cortical tissue. Ester forming activity is apparently sensitive to oxygen atmospheres as well as stage of harvest maturity. Upon removal from low-oxygen atmospheres, AAT activity is initially depressed but recovers to levels approaching that of air-stored controls. Flesh concentrations of acetate esters, major contributors to apple flavor, are related to levels of enzymatic activity in the tissue. It is important to identify preclimacteric harvest windows that include information concerning the biosynthesis of odor and flavor volatile components in order to ensure maximum quality attributes in apples stored for long periods of time. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP FELLMAN, JK (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3227-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 596 BP 149 EP 162 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BD42K UT WOS:A1995BD42K00014 ER PT S AU KRAMMER, GE BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR AF KRAMMER, GE BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR BE Rouseff, RL Leahy, MM TI STUDIES ON TO TOMATO GLYCOSIDES SO FRUIT FLAVORS: BIOGENESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND AUTHENTICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fruit Flavors - Biogenesis, Characterization, and Authentication, at the 206th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-27, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID DROPLET COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-D-GLUCOSIDES; AROMA COMPONENTS; RASPBERRY FRUIT; APPLE FRUIT; IDENTIFICATION; VOLATILES; CONSTITUENTS; GRAPES AB The volatile flavor compounds of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) have been studied extensively. Recent research work on flavor precursors in tomatoes has shown the presence of various flavor compounds in bound form. There is only very limited data available on the various forms of tomato favor conjugates. Furthermore, there is some evidence that the glycosidic faction obtained from tomato fruits consists of compounds with nonvolatile aglycons. In the past, different techniques of countercurrent chromatography (CCC) have been used successfully for the separation of favor precursors from complex natural matrices. The application of different CCC-techniques to the purification of glycosidic extracts from the tomato plant and elucidation of the structure of isolated compounds by means of NMR-spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3227-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 596 BP 164 EP 181 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BD42K UT WOS:A1995BD42K00015 ER PT J AU PERKINSVEAZIE, P CLARK, JR COLLINS, JK MAGEE, J AF PERKINSVEAZIE, P CLARK, JR COLLINS, JK MAGEE, J TI SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CLONES DIFFER IN POSTHARVEST FRUIT-QUALITY SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Fruit from genotypes of southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), and 'Sierra' were compared for postharvest quality. Commercially important rabbiteye (cv. Climax) and northern highbush (cv. Bluecrop) were included as standards. 'Gulfcoast', 'Cooper' and 'Cape Fear' fruit retained 10-20%: of pedicels after harvest ('stemming') while very few pedicels were retained on other cultivars. Fruit from the selection G616 were greatest in weight (2.8g) and 'Cooper' the smallest (1.7g). A 109 fruit had the smallest stem scar and MS108 the largest. 'Sierra' and 'Climax' fruit had the least decay among all clones. G616 fruit were the least firm of all clones after storage. Soluble solid concentration/titratable acidity ratios were between 10 and 19 for all clones. Anthocyanin content was highest in 'Cape Fear' and lowest in MS108. Of the new southern highbush clones, 'O'Neal: G616 and A109 cultivars were equal to or better than 'Bluecrop' or 'Climax' in postharvest quality and shelf life. RP PERKINSVEAZIE, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 49 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QE378 UT WOS:A1995QE37800009 ER PT J AU HUMMER, K FUCHIGAMI, LH PETERS, V BELL, N AF HUMMER, K FUCHIGAMI, LH PETERS, V BELL, N TI COLD-HARDINESS IN RUBUS SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB More than 80 raspberry and 42 blackberry genotypes were evaluated for cold hardiness after controlled laboratory freezing in January 1990. Red, yellow, black, and purple raspberry cultivars (R. idaeus L., R. neglectus Peck), blackberry cultivars (R. allegheniensis Porter, R. ursinus Cham and Schldl.) and other Rubus species selections were examined. T-50's, the temperatures where 50% of the samples were killed, were calculated for cane (cambial region), bud and bud base of each genotype. Red, purple, and black raspberries had a lower T-50 values than did blackberries. The T-50 value of Rubus idaeus L. cv. Burnetholm canes was -34C. Hardy summer bearing red raspberries, 'Canby' and 'Puyallup' had a T-50 value of -30C; 'Canby' buds -26C; Puyallup -20C. The T-50 values of fall fruiting red raspberries such as 'Zeva Remontante: Indian Summer', 'St. Regis', and 'Fallred', ranged from -23 to -25C. Several purple raspberries (Rubus neglectus Peck cvs. Brandywine, Royalty) were suite cane hardy, with T-50 values lower than -33C. The buds and bud bases of these purple raspberries, however, had T-50 values at most -25C. Canes of several black raspberries (R. occidentalis L. cvs. New Logan, Bristol) had T-50 values of -28C; buds -27C and -17C, respectively. 'Bristol' offspring had To values as much as 15C less than the parent. Canes of the hardiest blackberry cultivar, (R. sp. cv. Black Satin) had a T-50 value of -23C; buds were -19C. In many raspberry and some species genotypes examined, the region of the bud at the axis at the cane was less hardy than were tissues within the bud scales. The T-50 values of canes of most cultivars ranged from about 2 to 15 degrees hardier than buds. RP HUMMER, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCGR,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 49 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QE378 UT WOS:A1995QE37800010 ER PT J AU ENDO, BY NICKLE, WR AF ENDO, BY NICKLE, WR TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ANTERIOR AND MID-REGIONS OF INFECTIVE JUVENILES OF STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; INSECT PARASITE; STEINERNEMA FELTIAE; NEMATODA ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; GEN-NOV; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; XENORHABDUS; RHABDITIDA AB The anterior region of infective third stage juveniles of Steinernema feltiae consists of an elongated buccal cavity supported by an invaginated body cuticle and regions of the buccal cuticle. The buccal cavity in the mid-region is slightly collapsed but enlarged posteriad. The buccal cavity can be divided into seven regions with region 1 corresponding to the cheilostom lined by the body cuticle, region 2 surrounded by arcade cells, and regions 3-7 lined by cuticle and surrounded by muscle cells designated M1-M5. The corpus of the esophagus consists of a central triradiate lumen supported by myofilaments of marginal and radial cells. The dorsal gland orifice is located at the base of the buccal cavity whereas the outlets of the subventral glands are slightly anterior to the nerve ring. Cuticular duct and supporting cells of the secretory-excretory gland in the vicinity of the nerve ring extend posteriad to occupy a major part of the body cavity near the esophago-intestinal Valve and anterior region of the the intestine. Within the basal bulb of the esophagus, the lumen expands to form a pump cavity enclosed by a dentate-corrugated cuticle supported by myofilaments of marginal and radial cells. Bacteria located between the esophago-intestinal valve and the ventricular region of the intestine are surrounded by microvilli. RP ENDO, BY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI MONTROUGE PA DEPT UNIV PROFESSIONNEL REVUES SCIENTIFIQUES TECHNIQUE 11 RUE GOSSIN, F-92543 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1164-5571 J9 FUND APPL NEMATOL JI Fundam. Appl. Nematol. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 3 BP 271 EP 294 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QY518 UT WOS:A1995QY51800010 ER PT J AU VOSS, KA CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BACON, CW HERBERT, RA WALTERS, DB NORRED, WP AF VOSS, KA CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BACON, CW HERBERT, RA WALTERS, DB NORRED, WP TI SUBCHRONIC FEEDING STUDY OF THE MYCOTOXIN FUMONISIN B1 IN B6C3F1 MICE AND FISCHER-344 RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; CORN; TOXICITY; TRANSKEI; CONTAMINATION; CYTOTOXICITY; SPHINGANINE AB Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, a common fungus which occurs naturally on corn, and other Fusarium species. FB1 and other fumonisins are now recognized as having potentially important animal and human health implications. However, few toxicological data are currently available. Male and female B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were fed diets containing O, 1, 3, 9, 27, or 81 ppm FB1 (greater than or equal to 98% purity) for 13 weeks. No differences in behavior or appearance, body weight or food consumption between control and FB1-fed groups were found. In mice, hepatopathy and altered serum chemical profiles indicative of hepatotoxicity were found in females fed the 81 ppm diet. No adverse effects were found in female mice fed less than or equal to 27 ppm FB1 or in male mice at any dietary level studied. In rats, nephrosis involving the outer medulla was found in males fed greater than or equal to 9 ppm and, to a lesser degree, in females fed 81 ppm FB1, while decreased kidney weight was found in both sexes at dietary levels greater than or equal to 9 ppm FB1. Although the liver is a target organ of FB1 in rats, hepatotoxicity was not found in rats fed diets containing up to 81 ppm FB 1 for 90 days. Thus, FB1 was toxic to both species following subchronic oral exposure, although significant interspecies differences in the no observed effect levels and organ-specific responses were found. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology. C1 NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP VOSS, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. FU PHS HHS [58-6612-M-016] NR 48 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1012 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QC921 UT WOS:A1995QC92100012 PM 7713333 ER PT S AU Hammerschlag, F Ritchie, D Werner, D Hashmi, G Krusberg, L Meyer, R Huettel, R AF Hammerschlag, F Ritchie, D Werner, D Hashmi, G Krusberg, L Meyer, R Huettel, R BE Nishio, T Dore, C TI In vitro selection of disease resistance in fruit trees SO GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS BY BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops by Biotechnology, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci DE disease resistance; Prunus persica; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD); somaclonal variation AB As an alternative to conventional breeding, one approach for obtaining useful genetic variation is to select for somaclonal variants generated by tissue culture techniques. Increased levels of resistance to bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni) have been observed in toxin-selected and unselected peach regenerants in vitro, in the greenhouse and under field conditions. Peach regenerants have also demonstrated increased levels of bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) resistance. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers have been used to study genetic variation at the DNA level among the somaclonal variants. Sixty RAPD primers (10-mers) were screened and 10 proved useful as markers to detect polymorphisms, thus establishing a genetic basis for somaclonal variation. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using tissue culture techniques to generate fruit trees with increased levels of disease resistance. Other examples of tissue-culture induced, increased levels of disease resistance in fruit tree species will also be discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, PMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammerschlag, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, PMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-466-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 392 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26E UT WOS:000071637500002 ER PT B AU Welch, RM AF Welch, RM BE Johansen, C Lee, KK Sharma, KK Subbarao, GV Kueneman, EA TI Root exudate modification of rhizosphere nutrient availability and nutrient uptake by roots SO GENETIC MANIPULATION OF CROP PLANTS TO ENHANCE INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN CROPPING SYSTEMS-1. PHOSPHORUS: PROCEEDINGS OF AN FAO-ICRISAT EXPERT CONSULTANCY WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT FAO/ICRISAT Expert Consultancy Workshop on Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants to Enhance Integrated Nutrient Management in Cropping Systems CY MAR 15-18, 1994 CL PATANCHERU, INDIA SP UN, FAO, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CROPS RESEARCH INST SEMI-ARID TROPICS PI ANDHRA PRADESH PA ICRISAT PATANCHERU P O, ANDHRA PRADESH 502 324, INDIA BN 92-9066-296-4 PY 1995 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BE91Q UT WOS:A1995BE91Q00008 ER PT S AU Engel, KH Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R AF Engel, KH Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R BE Engel, KH Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R TI Foods and food ingredients produced via recombinant DNA techniques - An overview SO GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: SAFETY ISSUES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Genetically Modified Foods - Safety Issues, at the 208th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-25, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; EXPRESSION; IMPROVEMENT; YEAST AB Commercial products resulting from recombinant DNA techniques have just entered or are about to enter the market. Some of the progress in improving nutrition and acceptability of foods as well as improving herbicide, insect and virus resistance of plants are discussed. Enzymes and microorganisms can now be more precisely altered to optimize their roles in food production. Genetic modification of animals is much more complex than that of microorganisms and plants, nevertheless, some interesting progress is being made. The applications of genetic engineering in food production are evoking positive and negative reactions. The concepts presently being developed to assess the safety of foods derived from modern biotechnology are outlined. The aspects involved in creating a framework for regulatory oversight on genetically modified foods are also discussed. C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. RP Engel, KH (reprint author), FED INST HLTH PROTECT CONSUMERS & VET MED, POSTFACH 330013, D-14191 BERLIN, GERMANY. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3320-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1995 VL 605 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BF66M UT WOS:A1995BF66M00001 ER PT S AU Young, AL Jones, DD AF Young, AL Jones, DD BE Engel, KH Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R TI The role of the public and Federal advisory committees in providing advice to the government on agricultural science policy SO GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: SAFETY ISSUES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Genetically Modified Foods - Safety Issues, at the 208th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-25, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem AB Advisory committees have played an important role in shaping programs and policies of the Federal government from the earliest days of the United States. Today, an average of 1,000 advisory committees with more than 20,000 members advise the President and the Executive Branch on such issues as genetic engineering, agricultural research priorities, standards for organically produced foods, and the safety of food ingredients. With the expertise from advisory committee members, Federal officials and the Nation have access to information and advice on a broad range of issues affecting Federal policies and programs. The public, in turn, is afforded an opportunity to participate actively in the Federal government's decisionmaking process. RP Young, AL (reprint author), USDA,OFF AGR BIOTECHNOL,ROOM 1001,ROSSLYN PLAZA E,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3320-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 605 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BF66M UT WOS:A1995BF66M00005 ER PT S AU Pursel, VG AF Pursel, VG BE Engel, KH Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R TI Progress in genetic modifications of farm animals SO GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: SAFETY ISSUES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Genetically Modified Foods - Safety Issues, at the 208th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-25, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PORCINE GROWTH-HORMONE; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC MICE; BODY-COMPOSITION; GERM LINE; FUSION GENES; GROWING-PIGS; MILK; SHEEP AB For the past decade it has been possible to modify the genetic composition of farm animals by transfer of individual genes. Microinjection is the predominant method used to transfer genes into farm animals. Current research effort is devoted to improvement of productivity traits, enhancement of animal health, and production of biomedically useful human health products. Transgenic research initially involved genes coding for growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone releasing factor(GRF). More recent investigations have attempted to stimulate muscle development, to use bacterial enzymes so animals can synthesize certain essential amino acids, to induce expression of specific immunoglobulin or disease-resistance genes, and to direct expression of human proteins to the mammary gland, specific organs, or specific cells for production of useful human health products. The main limitations to progress are the lack of useful cloned genes for productivity traits and disease resistance and the insufficient knowledge of mechanisms involved in regulation of transgenes. Products produced by genetically modified animals will receive extensive scrutiny by regulatory agencies before consumption by humans is permitted. Currently no products are under evaluation for approval, but clinical evaluation of some rare biomedical products may begin soon. RP Pursel, VG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3320-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 605 BP 210 EP 229 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BF66M UT WOS:A1995BF66M00018 ER PT B AU Lannom, KB Evans, DL AF Lannom, KB Evans, DL GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI Forest area distributions of Central America and Mexico SO GIS/LIS '95 - ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS 95 Annual Conference and Exposition CY NOV 14-16, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, AM/FM Int, Assoc Amer Geographers, Urban & Reg Informat Syst Assoc, Amer Public Works Assoc C1 USDA,US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,STARKVILLE,MS 39760. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-026-6 PY 1995 BP 578 EP 580 PG 3 WC Geography; Remote Sensing SC Geography; Remote Sensing GA BF91U UT WOS:A1995BF91U00068 ER PT J AU RATLIFF, RD AF RATLIFF, RD TI RANGELAND-ALPHA DIVERSITIES - HARVEY VALLEY, LASSEN-NATIONAL-FOREST, CALIFORNIA SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE ECOLOGY; PLANT COMMUNITIES; MARGALEFS INDEX; SIMPSONS INDEX MONITORING; BASAL COVER AB Monitoring diversity usually begins by estimating alpha diversity of a plant community on a specific site. The objectives of this study were to provide alpha diversity benchmarks and to determine whether rangeland community basal cover characteristics explained variation in diversity estimates. Plant and surface component cover percentages were estimated on 51 plots (representing four vegetation types) on the Lassen National Forest, CA. Each plot was sampled with 30 random, 102 basal point transects. Jackknife procedures were used to compute means and standard errors for Margalef's diversity index (D-m), which stresses species richness, and. Simpson's index (D-s), which stresses species dominance. Within vegetation types, D-m and D-s did not rank all plots in the same order Highest D-m values occurred with the most species. Highest D-s values occurred with comparatively few species but more uniform cover. With either index, average diversity declined from the meadow to grassland to open shrub-grass to timber-bunchgrass types. All possible subset regressions of diversity on the basal cover characteristics were computed. Portions of the variance accounted for by the best models were too low to allow prediction of D-m and D-s. The relation of alpha diversity to rangeland health is discussed. RP RATLIFF, RD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2081 E SIERRA,FRESNO,CA 93710, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 55 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QE753 UT WOS:A1995QE75300005 ER PT B AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Past, present, and future of water and wastewater SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00001 ER PT B AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Issues in artificial recharge SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00010 ER PT B AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H BE Charbeneau, RJ TI Effect of groundwater pumping on streamflow SO GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Groundwater Management/1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0107-1 PY 1995 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE31E UT WOS:A1995BE31E00045 ER PT S AU Simunek, J VanGenuchten, MT Suarez, DL AF Simunek, J VanGenuchten, MT Suarez, DL BE Kovar, K Krasny, J TI Modelling multiple solute transport in variably saturated soils SO GROUNDWATER QUALITY: REMEDIATION AND PROTECTION (GQ'95) SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Quality - Remediation and Protection (GQ 95) CY MAY 15-18, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Charles Univ, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Fac Sci, Prague, UNESCO, Czech Minist Environm, Czech Minist Econ, Int Assooc Hydrogeologists, Int Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Natl Ground Water Assoc C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-29-9 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 225 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BE80V UT WOS:A1995BE80V00035 ER PT B AU Armstrong, PR Brown, GK Timm, EJ AF Armstrong, PR Brown, GK Timm, EJ BE Kushwaha, L Serwatowski, R Brook, R TI Cushioning choices can avoid produce bruising during handling SO HARVEST AND POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Harvest and Postharvest Technologies for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables CY FEB 20-24, 1995 CL GUANAJUATO, MEXICO SP ASAE DE fruit; vegetable; impact; stiffness; damage; protection C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE HARVESTING UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-59-8 PY 1995 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE64Q UT WOS:A1995BE64Q00027 ER PT B AU Nelson, SO Forbus, WR Lawrence, KC AF Nelson, SO Forbus, WR Lawrence, KC BE Kushwaha, L Serwatowski, R Brook, R TI Microwave dielectric properties of fruits and vegetables and possible use for maturity sensing SO HARVEST AND POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Harvest and Postharvest Technologies for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables CY FEB 20-24, 1995 CL GUANAJUATO, MEXICO SP ASAE DE fruit; vegetables; peach; dielectric properties; maturity; microwave; sensing C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-59-8 PY 1995 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE64Q UT WOS:A1995BE64Q00070 ER PT B AU Duke, SO AF Duke, SO BE McLean, GD Evans, G TI Herbicide-resistant crops: A new approach to an old problem, or a radical new tool? SO HERBICIDE-RESISTANT CROPS AND PASTURES IN AUSTRALIAN FARMING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Herbicide-Resistant Crops and Pastures in Australian Farming Systems CY MAR 15-16, 1995 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP Grains Res & Dev Corp, Cotton Res & Dev Corp, Rural Ind Res & Dev Corp, Brit Council AB Weed management in the developed world has become dependent on herbicides, with herbicides accounting for 60 to 70% by bulk of the pesticides used in agriculture. Selective herbicides are used on virtually all crops in these countries. Herbicide-resistant crops produced by biotechnology will allow certain non-selective herbicides to be used as selective herbicides and certain selective herbicides to be used with new crops. This will provide the farmer with new tools to manage weeds, but will not significantly change how weeds are managed. This new tool could reduce or increase the problem of the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, depending on how it is used. Minor crops are where herbicide-resistant crops are most needed, but least likely to be introduced, because of the perceived unfavourable risk/profit relationship. In most cases, herbicide-resistant crops will be helpful in implementing reduced or no-tillage agriculture. Herbicide-resistant crops could alter the market shares of certain herbicides sufficiently to have adverse effects on some companies. The environmental and toxicological risks associated with herbicide-resistant crops are no different than for conventional crops and herbicides, except for those risks associated with the transgenes. These risks are: introgression of foreign genes that could not be introduced with conventional breeding into wild plant populations; and the potential health risks of the transgene in the crop that are not associated with the herbicide. With proper regulation, these risks should be quite small. From the farmer's viewpoint, herbicide-resistant crops will not be a radical new approach to weed control, but will be additional tools that are, in practice, similar to those tools already available. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUREAU RESOURCE SCIENCES COMMONWEALTH AUSTRALIA PI PARKES PA DEPT PRIMARY IND & ENERGY, PO BOX E11, QUEEN VICTORIA TERRACE, PARKES ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA BN 0-642-24415-4 PY 1995 BP 41 EP 51 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ03L UT WOS:A1995BJ03L00006 ER PT J AU SANTANA, MAE BAUMANN, MGD CONNER, AH AF SANTANA, MAE BAUMANN, MGD CONNER, AH TI RESOL RESINS PREPARED WITH TANNIN LIQUEFIED IN PHENOL SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE TANNIN; DISSOLVED TANNIN; PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE; PLYWOOD; WATTLE TANNIN ID ADHESIVES; WOOD; PARTICLEBOARD; CHEMISTRY; PLYWOOD; LIGNIN AB An alternative to phenol, a petroleum-based nonrenewable resource, in phenol-formaldehyde resins must be developed to support the wood-based panel industry. Tannins are the best substitute for phenol in this case. Tannin from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) can be liquified with phenol in the presence of ail acid catalyst. In this study, tannin replaced 33 percent of the phenol in the preparation of resol-type plywood adhesives. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plywood bonded with the liquified tannin resin had strengths and wood failures that were comparable to commercial phenol-formaldehyde adhesives and significantly better than unmodified tannin-formaldehyde adhesives when used to bond Southern Pine under bonding conditions commonly employed with phenol-formaldehyde resins. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP SANTANA, MAE (reprint author), LAB PROD FLORESTAIS IBAMA,SAIN AV L-4 LOTE 04,BR-70818900 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1995 VL 49 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.2.146 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QR907 UT WOS:A1995QR90700009 ER PT J AU MANTANIS, GI YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM AF MANTANIS, GI YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM TI SWELLING OF WOOD .3. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND EXTRACTIVES ON RATE AND MAXIMUM SWELLING SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE WOOD SWELLING; RATE OF WOOD SWELLING; ACTIVATION ENERGY OF WOOD; SWELLING; ARRHENIUS EQUATION; EXTRACTIVES; SITKA SPRUCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SUGAR MAPLE; QUAKING ASPEN AB The swelling of wood in organic liquids at elevated temperatures has been investigated with the use of a computerized linear variable displacement transformer (LVDT). Wood swelled extremely fast at high temperatures. The rate of wood swelling in organic liquids showed a strong dependence on temperature which closely obeyed the classical Arrhenius equation. This strict linear dependence of wood swelling on the temperature clearly suggests a chemical mechanism. Activation energies for wood swelling (Ea) in several chemical classes of organic liquids have been obtained from Arrhenius equation plots. A strong linear relationship was found to exist between Ea and solvent molecular weight. Removal of extractives greatly enhanced the maximum tangential swelling of wood, especially for sugar maple. There was also a significant increase in the wood swelling rate after removal of extractives. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MANTANIS, GI (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Mantanis, George/0000-0002-5715-783X NR 19 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1995 VL 49 IS 3 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.3.239 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RA903 UT WOS:A1995RA90300009 ER PT J AU AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH FORSSKAHL, I AF AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH FORSSKAHL, I TI SEQUENTIAL TREATMENT OF MECHANICAL AND CHEMIMECHANICAL PULPS WITH LIGHT AND HEAT - A RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANICAL PULP; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; CONIFERALDEHYDE; YELLOWING; BLEACHING; LIGHT; HEAL ID SPECTRA; LIGNIN AB Raman spectroscopy was used to study the effects of heat and light treatments on unbleached and peroxide-bleached mechanical and chemimechanical pulps. For bleached mechanical pulp, spectral changes were associated with the removal of coniferaldehyde structures in lignin. In contrast, chemimechanical pulping not only degraded coniferaldehyde units but also partially degraded coniferyl alcohol groups. Furthermore, spectral evidence supported formation of chromophores during chemimechanical pulping: bleaching removed chromophores from chemimechanical pulp. Investigation of unbleached and bleached chemimechanical pulps at 514.5 and 617.1 nm excitation wavelengths revealed a decline in intensity upon the longer wavelength excitation for certain bands, indicating the presence of residual chromophores and suggesting the presence of coniferaldehyde structures. Spectra of light-and heat-treated pulps displayed intensity changes at 1120, 1595, 1620, and 1653 cm(-1), which were found to be due to the involvement of coniferaldehyde and/or coniferyl alcohol structures in lignin. The most informative Raman band was at 1654 cm(-1). Although newly formed chemical groups/structures due to heat and light treatments could not be identified, new Raman contributions were detected in the lignin aromatic-stretch region. The effects of light or heat were compared in single and sequential treatments. In most cases, the second-stage treatment caused spectral changes that were significantly different from those resulting from direct treatment of pulp, indicating that the effect of the second stage depended on the chemical changes induced in the first stage. For unbleached mechanical and bleached chemimechanical pulp, the order of the single light and heat treatments was found to he important. The sequence of light followed by heat (light-heat) caused more decay in the intensity of the 1654 cm-1 band than did the opposite sequence (heat-light). In contrast, for bleached mechanical and unbleached chemimechanical pulp, similar changes were detected in the 1654 cm(-1) band intensity upon sequential treatment. Raman information on treated pulps was correlated with the results of a previous UV-VIS reflectance study. In general, similarity of spectral changes (in the 370nm region) among various pulps and treatments did not necessarily indicate similarity between chemical changes in the pulps. The results seem to suggest significant variation at the molecular level among the responses of pulps for a given treatment and among the treatments for a given pulp. C1 FINNISH PULP & PAPER RES INST,CTR PAPER SCI,SF-02151 ESPOO,FINLAND. RP AGARWAL, UP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,CHEM & PULPING RES WORK UNIT,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1995 VL 49 IS 4 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.4.300 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RJ065 UT WOS:A1995RJ06500003 ER PT J AU TERASHIMA, N ATALLA, RH RALPH, SA LANDUCCI, LL LAPIERRE, C MONTIES, B AF TERASHIMA, N ATALLA, RH RALPH, SA LANDUCCI, LL LAPIERRE, C MONTIES, B TI NEW PREPARATIONS OF LIGNIN POLYMER MODELS UNDER CONDITIONS THAT APPROXIMATE CELL-WALL LIGNIFICATION .1. SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL LIGNIN POLYMER MODELS AND THEIR STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION BY C-13 NMR SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN POLYMER MODEL; DEHYDROGENATION POLYMER OF MONOLIGNOL (DHP); CONIFERIN; MONOLIGNOL GLUCOSIDE; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; C-13 NMR ID SIDE-CHAIN CARBONS; GUAIACYL AB Guaiacyl-type lignin polymer models were prepared from coniferin by the action of beta-glucosidase and peroxidase, with hydrogen peroxide generated in situ through the action of oxygen and glucose oxidase on the glucose liberated from the coniferin. Polylignols were also prepared from coniferyl alcohol using procedures modified to more closely correspond to conditions prevailing in the cell wall environment. The structure of these novel polylignols approximated that of native lignin more closely than did the structure of polylignols prepared by the conventional method from coniferyl alcohol. C1 INST NATL AGRON PARIS GRIGNON, INRA, CHIM BIOL LAB, THIVERVAL GRIGNON, FRANCE. RP US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 24 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 23 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 EI 1437-434X J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1995 VL 49 IS 6 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.6.521 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TJ868 UT WOS:A1995TJ86800007 ER PT J AU SABHARWAL, HS AKHTAR, M BLANCHETTE, RA YOUNG, RA AF SABHARWAL, HS AKHTAR, M BLANCHETTE, RA YOUNG, RA TI REFINER MECHANICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL PULPING OF JUTE SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE BIOMECHANICAL PULPING; JUTE BAST FIBERS; CERIPORIOPSIS SUBVERMISPORA; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; OPTICAL PROPERTIES ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; CHIPS; WOOD AB Atmospheric refiner mechanical pulping of untreated,, fungal and alkali treated jute bast has been explored in the present investigation. Hammermilled and cut jute bast strands were refined in a laboratory single disc refiner under atmospheric conditions. First stage refining was carried out to about 500 ml. CSF and second stage refining was carried out at various clearance levels to varying degrees of freeness. Although the energy consumption was higher for cut jute, the resulting pulps had higher strength properties; significantly higher than any other conventional refiner mechanical or thermomechanical pulps. The energy consumption in refining was reduced by 33% for fungal treated jute and burst, tensile and rear strengths were enhanced by 39%, 22% and 33%, respectively. The treatment of cut jute with alkali prior to refining yielded pulps with higher strength, but the yields were lower compared to fungal treated jute. The energy consumption of 450 KWh/ton for biomechanical pulp from jute bast compared to an average 1600 KWh/ton for pulp produced from wood; thus a saving of 1150 KWh/ton of pulp could be realized if wood was replaced by jute bast. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SABHARWAL, HS (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1995 VL 49 IS 6 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.6.537 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TJ868 UT WOS:A1995TJ86800010 ER PT B AU Hjelmfelt, AT AF Hjelmfelt, AT BE Ervine, DA TI Dynamics of a saltating particle SO HYDRA 2000, VOL. 1: INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIth Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research - HYDRA 2000 CY SEP 11-15, 1995 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU THOMAS TELFORD SERVICES LTD PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON, ENGLAND E14 4JD BN 0-7277-2056-2 PY 1995 BP 504 EP 509 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG09R UT WOS:A1995BG09R00086 ER PT J AU Devall, MS Parresol, BR Wright, SJ AF Devall, MS Parresol, BR Wright, SJ TI Dendroecological analysis of Cordia alliodora, Pseudobombax septenatum and Annona spraguei in central Panama SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Periodicity of Growth in Tropical Trees CY NOV 16-18, 1994 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SP Forest Res Inst Malaysia, IUFRO, Univ Hamburg, Inst Wood Biol DE tropical dendrochronology; tropical forest; precipitation; minimum temperature; maximum temperature AB Several plant communities in central Panama, each community located near a weather station, contain trees with annual growth rings, i. e. Cordia alliodora, Pseudobombax septenatum, and Annona spraguei. Tree-ring data are particularly valuable when concomitant weather information is readily available. Patterns of growth for the above species of trees were investigated across central Panama in relation to climate. A linear aggregate climate model was fitted to chronologies of each species at three sites along a rainfall gradient. Comparisons were made among sites to help explain how climate influences tree growth within central Panama. RP Devall, MS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 411 EP 424 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TL860 UT WOS:A1995TL86000010 ER PT B AU SCHMUGGE, T HOOK, S KAHLE, A AF SCHMUGGE, T HOOK, S KAHLE, A BE Stein, TI TI TIMS observation of surface emissivity in HAPEX-Sahel SO IGARSS '95 - 1995 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3: QUANTITATIVE REMOTE SENSING FOR SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 95) CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Union Radiosci Int C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2568-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1995 BP 2224 EP 2226 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BD72Q UT WOS:A1995BD72Q00655 ER PT S AU STANKER, LH RECINOS, A LINTHICUM, DS AF STANKER, LH RECINOS, A LINTHICUM, DS BE Nelson, JO Karu, AE Wong, RB TI ANTIDIOXIN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES - MOLECULAR MODELING OF CROSS-REACTIVE CONGENERS AND THE ANTIBODY COMBINING SITE SO IMMUNOANALYSIS OF AGROCHEMICALS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoanalysis of Agrochemicals - Emerging Technologies, at the 207th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID CHLORINATED DIOXINS; IMMUNOASSAY; LYSOZYME; BINDING; COMPLEX AB A series of modeling experiments were undertaken to help clarify the factors controlling binding of a set of monoclonal antibodies that bind polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Minimum energy conformations were generated for a number of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans and PCBs congeners. These models suggest that antibody binding is a complex process but that the size, position of chlorines and planarity of the molecules are critical for antibody binding. Similar experiments with the hapten used to generate these antibodies suggest that both structural and alterations introduced in order to facilitate conjugation to carrier protein are recognized by the antibodies. The amino acid sequence for these antibodies also is presented as well as models of the antibody combining site. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DONNER LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP STANKER, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3149-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 586 BP 72 EP 88 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BD40J UT WOS:A1995BD40J00005 ER PT S AU MULDOON, MT NELSON, JO AF MULDOON, MT NELSON, JO BE Nelson, JO Karu, AE Wong, RB TI IMMUNOCHEMICAL APPROACH FOR PESTICIDE WASTE TREATMENT MONITORING OF S-TRIAZINES SO IMMUNOANALYSIS OF AGROCHEMICALS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoanalysis of Agrochemicals - Emerging Technologies, at the 207th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; DISPOSAL SYSTEM; WATER; HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; OZONATION; ELISA; SOIL AB Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the analysis of pesticide waste and rinsate and disposal monitoring. Three s-triazine-specific monoclonal antibodies that possessed different specificities were utilized to quantitate individual and total s-triazine analytes in mixtures. Results from the analysis of field samples were validated by HPLC. An immunoassay was developed for chlosodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT), an important degradation product of chloro-s-triazine herbicides. Antibody recognition of substituted s-triazines decreased as a function of increased amino side chain substitution. The assays were sensitive in the low micromolar range. An s-triazine herbicide class-specific ELISA was used in conjunction with an ELISA for CAAT for measuring s-triazine herbicide ozonation followed by microbiological treatment. The ELISAs were shown to be very accurate and precise for measuring the concentrations of both atrazine and CAAT. The information obtained by the two ELISAs could be used for on-site control of the two stage treatment process and should save time and expense in s-triazine disposal monitoring applications. C1 USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES INST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3149-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 586 BP 308 EP 325 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BD40J UT WOS:A1995BD40J00022 ER PT B AU VANDERMAATEN, MJ WHETSTONE, CA AF VANDERMAATEN, MJ WHETSTONE, CA BE Schwyzer, M Ackermann, M TI Studies of cattle naturally and experimentally infected with bovine lentivirus SO IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF VIRAL INFECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Congress of the European-Society-for-Veterinary-Virology on Immunobiology of Viral Infections CY SEP 04-07, 1994 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP European Soc Vet Virol RP USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FONDATION MERIEUX PI LYONS PA 17 RUE BOURGELAT, 69002 LYONS, FRANCE BN 2-84039-042-6 PY 1995 BP 353 EP 357 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BE03T UT WOS:A1995BE03T00067 ER PT J AU Gause, WC Urban, JF Linsley, P Liu, P AF Gause, WC Urban, JF Linsley, P Liu, P TI Role of B7 signaling in the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells to effector interleukin-4-producing T helper cells SO IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CD28; CTLA-4; B7; CD80; CD86; interleukin-4; cytokines; T helper cells ID ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPE SELECTION; INHIBITS CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; MURINE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; LYMPHOCYTES-T; COSTIMULATORY SIGNAL; GENE-EXPRESSION; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; LYMPHOKINE PRODUCTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB Signaling through the T cell receptor must be accompanied by costimulatory signals for the differentiation of naive T cells to cytokine-producing effector T helper cells. The costimulatory signal through CD28 is required for T cell activation resulting in increased interleukin (IL)-2 production in vitro, but its role in the production of IL-4 and in the in vivo response is still unclear. We have examined the effects of blocking CTLA-4 (the CD28 homologue) ligand interactions on the in vivo development of IL-4-producing T helper effector cells during a primary mucosal immune response to the nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus and during a primary systemic immune response to immunogenic anti-IgD antibodies. Our results demonstrate that CD28 and/or CTLA-4 signaling is required for T cell priming leading to IL-4 cytokine production, B cell activation, and IgE secretion during both immune responses, suggesting that other signaling molecules do not substitute for these molecules in either of these two different immune responses. Furthermore, the CD28 ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, can substitute for each other in providing the required T cell costimulatory ligand interactions during the primary immune response to H. polygyrus. In contrast, memory T cells during the challenge immune response do not require CD28/CTLA-4 ligand interactions for IL-4 production and T helper effector function. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB PHARMACEUT RES INST,DEPT CELLULAR IMMUNOL,SEATTLE,WA 98121. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU PHS HHS [A121328, R073AY] NR 83 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-277X J9 IMMUNOL RES JI Immunol. Res. PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 176 EP 188 DI 10.1007/BF02918215 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA TR930 UT WOS:A1995TR93000002 PM 8778208 ER PT J AU REED, BM BUCKLEY, PM DEWILDE, TN AF REED, BM BUCKLEY, PM DEWILDE, TN TI DETECTION AND ERADICATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM MICROPROPAGATED MINT PLANTS SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE ANTIBIOTICS; ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA; MENTHA; MICROPROPAGATION; CONTAMINANT DETECTION ID TISSUE CULTURES; ANTIBIOTICS; CONTAMINANTS; DELPHINIUM AB Liquid medium and an enriched agar were used to detect endophytic bacteria in micropropagated mints (Mentha spp.) within 2 to 6 d of inoculation. Bacteria isolated from the cultures were screened on several antibiotic concentrations to determine bactericidal doses. Antibiotics were also tested for phytotoxic effects. Shoot tips from infected plants were treated by immersion in liquid MS medium containing antibiotics either singly or in combination. Streptomycin applied at 1000 mu g/ml for a period of 10 d was effective and less phytotoxic in a larger number of cases than gentamicin (50 mu g/ml), neomycin (500 mu g/ml), or rifampicin (30 mu g/ml). Mint cultures that tested negative for bacteria after antibiotic treatment were multiplied, retested, and cold-stored for 1 yr or longer. Upon regrowth after storage, 25 of 30 treated cultures (83%) tested negative for bacteria. Of the 25, 8 were successfully treated with streptomycin, 1 with gentamicin, 2 with neomycin, 1 with rifampicin, and 1 with streptomycin and gentamicin; 12 required more than one treatment. An early detection system, initial trial treatment with streptomycin for infected plants, and monitoring of treated cultures successfully reduced the spread of bacterial contamination. Antibiotic treatment in liquid MS medium at pH 6.9 resulted in enhanced bactericidal activity over that seen at pH 5.5. RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY, 33447 PEORIA RD, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA QF483 UT WOS:A1995QF48300011 ER PT J AU BUCKLEY, PM DEWILDE, TN REED, BM AF BUCKLEY, PM DEWILDE, TN REED, BM TI CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MICROPROPAGATED MINT PLANTS SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE AGROBACTERIUM; ANTIBIOTIC; BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION; MENTHA; PSEUDOMONAS; XANTHOMONAS ID TISSUE CULTURE; ANTIBIOTICS; CONTAMINANTS; CORYNEBACTERIUM; PSEUDOMONAS; DELPHINIUM; GROWTH AB Bacterial isolates from contaminated mint shoot cultures were characterized and identified as a preliminary step in determining an elimination treatment. The 22 bacteria were characterized using biochemical and morphological tests and subjected to sensitivity tests with four antibiotics. The isolates were compared with known organisms and assigned to genera according to similarities in characteristics. Seven isolates were analyzed by fatty acid analysis carried out by a commercial laboratory. Six were classified as Agrobacterium radiobacter; eight as Xanthomonas; one each as Pseudomonos fluorescens, Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Curtobacterium spp.; four could not be assigned to genera. Inhibition of growth of the bacteria by most antibiotics was best at pH 7.5. Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentrations of gentamicin, rifampicin, streptomycin sulfate, and Timentin varied with genotype. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA QF483 UT WOS:A1995QF48300012 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC PUGH, GW BREES, D AF STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC PUGH, GW BREES, D TI COMPARISON OF IMMUNE-RESPONSES AND RESISTANCE TO BRUCELLOSIS IN MICE VACCINATED WITH BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-19 OR RB51 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BALB/C MICE; MUTANT STRAINS; PROTECTION; INFECTION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ESTABLISHMENT AB Immune responses and resistance to infection with Brucella abortus 2308 (S2308) were measured in mice following vaccination with B. abortus 19 (S19) or the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 0-antigen-deficient mutant, strain RB51 (SRB51). Live bacteria persisted for 8 weeks in spleens of mice vaccinated with 5 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(8) CFU of SRB51, whereas bacteria persisted for 12 weeks in mice vaccinated with 5 x 10(6) CFU of S19. Mice vaccinated with 5 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(8) CFU of SRB51 had increased resistance to infection with S2308 at 12, 16, and 20 weeks after vaccination, but the resistance was lower than that induced by vaccinating mice with 5 x 10(6) CFU of S19. Spleen cells obtained from mice vaccinated with S19 or SRB51 generally exhibited similar proliferative responses to S2308 bacteria or bacterial proteins (106 to 18 kDa) following challenge of mice with S2308 at 12, 16, or 20 weeks after vaccination. Mice vaccinated with S19 had antibody to S2308 bacteria and S2308 smooth LPS at 3, 8, and 12 weeks after vaccination. In contrast, mice vaccinated with either dose of SRB51 did not produce antibody to S2308 smooth LPS. In addition, only mice vaccinated with the highest dose of SRB51 (5 x 10(8) CFU) had antibody responses to S2308 bacteria, although the responses were lower and less persistent than those in mice vaccinated with S19. Collectively, these results indicate that SRB51-vaccinated mice have similar cell-mediated immune responses to S2308 but lower resistance to infection with S2308 compared with S19-vaccinated mice. The lower resistance in SRB51-vaccinated mice probably resulted from a combination of rapid clearance of SRB51 and an absence of antibodies to S2308 LPS. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 63 IS 1 BP 264 EP 270 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PY400 UT WOS:A1995PY40000038 PM 7806364 ER PT J AU HINES, SA PALMER, GH JASMER, DP GOFF, WL MCELWAIN, TF AF HINES, SA PALMER, GH JASMER, DP GOFF, WL MCELWAIN, TF TI IMMUNIZATION OF CATTLE WITH RECOMBINANT BABESIA-BOVIS MEROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN-1 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; T-CELLS; MALARIA; PROTEINS; ANTIBODIES; EPITOPES; BIGEMINA AB Cattle immunized with a recombinant merozoite surface antigen-1 molecule (MSA-1) produced high-titered antibody that reacted with the surface of the parasite and neutralized merozoite infectivity in vitro. However, recombinant MSA-1 immunization did not confer protection against challenge with virulent Babesia bovis. These results indicate that antibody-mediated neutralization of merozoite infectivity in vitro, at least for MSA-1-specific antibody, does not reflect in vivo protective immunity to babesiosis. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA. RP HINES, SA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 63 IS 1 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PY400 UT WOS:A1995PY40000050 PM 7806376 ER PT J AU HOPKINS, TL MORGAN, TD MUELLER, DD TOMER, KB KRAMER, KJ AF HOPKINS, TL MORGAN, TD MUELLER, DD TOMER, KB KRAMER, KJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF CATECHOLAMINE BETA-GLUCOSIDES IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA-SEXTA (L), DURING DEVELOPMENT SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CATECHOLAMINES; DOPAMINE; BETA-GLUCOSIDES; CONJUGATES; TOBACCO HORNWORM; MANDUCA SEXT; N-ACETYLDOPAMINE; N-BETA-ALANYLDOPAMINE; HEMOLYMPH ID N-ACYLDOPAMINE GLUCOSIDES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LEFT COLLETERIAL GLAND; FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT; INSECT CUTICLE; SCLEROTIZATION; TYROSINE; SAUSSURE; TISSUES; PUPAL AB Catecholamine conjugates were isolated from the hemolymph of larval, pupal and adult stages of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and their identities were determined by synthesis from C-14-labeled precursors, HPLC analysis, H-1-NMR and FAB-mass spectrometry, and GLC analysis of the sugar moieties, beta-Glucosides of N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and N-beta-alanyldopamine (NBAD) were the primary conjugates identified and their relative abundance depended on the stage of development. NADA glucosides were the predominant conjugates in hemolymph of pharate or newly ecdysed fifth stadium larvae with 86% as the 3-O-glucoside and 14% as the 4-O-glucoside. Low concentrations of dopamine (DA) 3-O-glucoside and NBAD 3-O-glucoside also were found. In pharate or newly ecdysed pupal hemolymph, NBAD 3-O-glucoside was the major conjugate (98%) along with small amounts of NBAD 4-O-glucoside, DA 3-O-glucoside and NADA 3-O-glucoside. In hemolymph of pharate or newly ecdysed adults, NADA CO-glucoside (67%) was more abundant than NADA 3-O-glucoside. Only traces of NBAD 3-O-glucoside were found. Therefore, a preponderance of catecholamine 3-O-glucosides occurred in larval and pupal hemolymph as storage precursors for cuticle sclerotization agents, whereas the 4-O-glucoside of NADA predominated in adult hemolymph. The role of catecholamine glucosides in hemolymph in relation to cuticle sclerotization is discussed. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,GRAIN MARKETING RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT CHEM,LINCOLN,NE 68598. RP HOPKINS, TL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)00043-H PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA QN192 UT WOS:A1995QN19200004 ER PT J AU FANG, NB TEAL, PEA DOOLITTLE, RE TUMLINSON, JH AF FANG, NB TEAL, PEA DOOLITTLE, RE TUMLINSON, JH TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF CONJUGATED OLEFINIC SYSTEMS IN THE SEX-PHEROMONE GLAND OF FEMALE TOBACCO HORNWORM MOTHS, MANDUCA-SEXTA (L) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE; BIOSYNTHESIS; FATTY ACIDS; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; CONJUGATED OLEFINS; ALDEHYDES; DEUTERIUM LABEL ID PRECURSORS; BLEND AB Deuterium-labelled fatty acid putative precursors of the 16-carbon aldehydic sex pheromones of Manduca sexta (L.) were applied to the sex pheromone glands of females. After 24 h in vivo incubation, and injection of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide into the abdomens of treated females, glands were excised, extracted, and the extracts analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Incubation of glands with [16, 16, 16-H-2(3)] hexadecanoic acid resulted in the label being incorporated into seven of the eight 16-carbon aldehydes found in the gland, including monoenes, dienes, and trienes. Similarly, incubation with [16, 16, 16-H-2(3)] (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid led to incorporation of the label into (Z)-11-hexadecenal and both conjugated diene and triene aldehydes. However, incubation with [13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 16-H-2(9)] (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid resulted in incorporation of the label into only (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (E, Z)- and (E, E)-10, 12-hexadecadienal, indicating interference of the deuterium isotope in the desaturation process leading to the conjugated triene system, Incubation with the similarly labelled (E)-11-hexadecenoic acids gave labelled (E)-11-hexadecenal in both cases, but none of the other unsaturated pheromone aldehydes. The results indicate that fatty acids are the precursors of the aldehydic pheromones in this species and that hexadecanoate is the precursor of the 16-carbon monoenes, dienes, and trienes. The conjugated dienes and trienes are formed via desaturation/isomerization of (Z)-11-hexadecenoate. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)00044-I PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA QN192 UT WOS:A1995QN19200005 ER PT J AU VALAITIS, AP AF VALAITIS, AP TI GYPSY-MOTH MIDGUT PROTEINASES - PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LUMINAL TRYPSIN, ELASTASE AND THE BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; TRYPSIN; ELASTASE; BRUSH BORDER MEMBRANE LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS ID LARVAL HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; ALKALINE PROTEASES; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; ERINNYIS-ELLO; BOMBYX-MORI; INHIBITORS; MICROVILLI; SILKWORM AB The principal digestive proteinases of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, larval midgut were identified, and the subcellular distribution of the enzyme activities was determined. Proteinase activities of fifth-instar larvae were largely attributed to two luminal serine proteinases, a trypsin-like enzyme (TLE) and an elastase 2-like enzyme (ELA). TLE was purified to homegeneity by benzamidine-Sepharose affinity chromatography. With respect to size (M(r) = 25 kDa), substrate specificity, and interaction with trypsin inhibitors, the gypsy moth enzyme resembled mammalian pancreatic trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes from other insects. Gypsy moth elastase (ELA) was purified from the benzamidine-Sepharose flow-through by mono-Q FPLC. ELA exhibitied a slightly smaller size (M(r) = 24 kDa) than TLE. The insect enzyme was inhibitied by DFP and chymostatin but was unaffected by TPCK. ELA exhibitied little esterolytic activity with BTEE. Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu p-nitroanilide was one of the best substrates for ELA, which is characteristic of elastase 2. TLE and ELA constituted c. 6% of the total soluble protein in midgut lumen of actively feeding fifth-instar larvae. Chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase activities were not detected in any midgut fraction examined. The brush border membrane (BBM) leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was isolated from CHAPS-solubilized BBM by FPLC. SDS-PAGE results indicated that the aminopeptidase has an apparent molecular size of c. 100 kDa. The aminopeptidase was inhibited by bestatin and was unaffected by serine proteinase inhibitors. RP VALAITIS, AP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 44 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)00033-E PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA QN192 UT WOS:A1995QN19200015 PM 7711746 ER PT J AU PETTIS, JS WINSTON, ML COLLINS, AM AF PETTIS, JS WINSTON, ML COLLINS, AM TI SUPPRESSION OF QUEEN REARING IN EUROPEAN AND AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEES APIS-MELLIFERA L BY SYNTHETIC QUEEN MANDIBULAR GLAND PHEROMONE SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE APIS MELLIFERA; QUEEN PHEROMONE; QUEEN REARING; MONOGYNY; AFRICANIZED ID INHIBITION; COLONIES; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE AB Queen rearing is suppressed in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) by pheromones, particularly the queen's mandibular gland pheromone. In this study we compared this pheromonally-based inhibition between temperate and tropically-evolved honey bees. Colonies of European and Africanized bees were exposed to synthetic queen mandibular gland pheromone (QMP) for ten days following removal of resident queens, and their queen rearing responses were examined. Queen rearing was suppressed similarly in both European and Africanized honey bees with the addition of synthetic QMP, indicating that QMP acts on workers of both races in a comparable fashion. QMP completely suppressed queen cell production for two days, but by day six, cells containing queen larvae were present in all treated colonies, indicating that other signals play a role in the suppression of queen rearing. In queenless control colonies not treated with QMP, Africanized bees reared 30% fewer queens than Europeans, possibly due to racial differences in response to Feedback from developing queens and/or their cells, Queen development rate was faster in Africanized colonies, or they selected older larvae to initiate cells, as only 1% of queen cells were unsealed after 10 days compared with 12% unsealed cells in European colonies. C1 USDA ARS,SARL,HONEY BEE RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP PETTIS, JS (reprint author), SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BURNABY,BC V5A 1S6,CANADA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 1995 VL 42 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1007/BF01242447 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QZ403 UT WOS:A1995QZ40300001 ER PT B AU Hardy, L Gustafson, C Nelson, D AF Hardy, L Gustafson, C Nelson, D BE Domenica, MF TI Agricultural water supply and conservation issues in Northeast States SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the 21st-Century CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard C1 USDA,AMHERST,MA 01002. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0081-4 PY 1995 BP 1030 EP 1033 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BE54V UT WOS:A1995BE54V00257 ER PT B AU Kuhnle, RA Garbrecht, J AF Kuhnle, RA Garbrecht, J BE Domenica, MF TI Measurement and prediction of bed material load on Goodwin Creek, a DEC subwatershed SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the 21st-Century CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0081-4 PY 1995 BP 1085 EP 1088 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BE54V UT WOS:A1995BE54V00271 ER PT J AU TINUS, RW AF TINUS, RW BE Tinus, RW TI Research accomplishments of the interior west global change program: Management implications SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00001 ER PT J AU FOX, DG AF FOX, DG BE Tinus, RW TI Climate change from a global viewpoint SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,TERRA LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00002 ER PT J AU MUSSELMAN, RC WOOLDRIDGE, GL MASSMAN, WJ SOMMERFELD, RA AF MUSSELMAN, RC WOOLDRIDGE, GL MASSMAN, WJ SOMMERFELD, RA BE Tinus, RW TI Wind and ecosystem response at the GLEES SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 5 EP 8 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00003 ER PT B AU TAUSCH, RJ NOWAK, CL NOWAK, RS AF TAUSCH, RJ NOWAK, CL NOWAK, RS BE Tinus, RW TI Climate change and plant species responses over the Quaternary: Implications for Ecosystem Management SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,RENO,NV. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00005 ER PT J AU SIEG, CH MEKO, DM DEGAETANO, AT MILLER, JR BUNKERS, MJ NI, WM AF SIEG, CH MEKO, DM DEGAETANO, AT MILLER, JR BUNKERS, MJ NI, WM BE Tinus, RW TI An analysis of drought in the Northern Great Plains: Summary of progress SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT STN,RAPID CITY,SD 57701. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00006 ER PT B AU BROWN, PM SHEPPERD, WD AF BROWN, PM SHEPPERD, WD BE Tinus, RW TI Engelmann spruce tree-ring chronologies from Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado: Potential for a long-term temperature reconstruction in the central Rocky Mountains SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00007 ER PT J AU JOYCE, LA AF JOYCE, LA BE Tinus, RW TI Research in support of strategic planning for climate change SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00009 ER PT B AU TINUS, RW GREER, DH ROBINSON, LA AF TINUS, RW GREER, DH ROBINSON, LA BE Tinus, RW TI Effect of high CO2 on cold acclimation and deacclimation of three conifers SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00011 ER PT J AU KLOPATEK, CC MURPHY, KL KLOPATEK, JM AF KLOPATEK, CC MURPHY, KL KLOPATEK, JM BE Tinus, RW TI Preliminarily results of carbon cycling in southwestern ecosystems: Implications for climate change SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,DEPT MICROBIOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00012 ER PT J AU MUSSELMAN, RC AF MUSSELMAN, RC BE Tinus, RW TI Spatial and temporal patterns in water chemistry of two high elevation lakes in southeast Wyoming SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00013 ER PT J AU SCHOETTLE, AW AF SCHOETTLE, AW BE Tinus, RW TI Predicting the potential sensitivity of high elevation wilderness vegetation to changes in atmosphere chemistry - A strategy SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00015 ER PT J AU ZELLER, K AF ZELLER, K BE Tinus, RW TI Ozone and carbon dioxide fluxes in a subalpine spruce-fir forest ecosystem SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00016 ER PT J AU NIKOLOV, NT AF NIKOLOV, NT BE Tinus, RW TI Modeling transient response of forest ecosystems to climatic change SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00018 ER PT J AU REHFELDT, GE AF REHFELDT, GE BE Tinus, RW TI Genetic variation, climate models and the ecological genetics of Larix occidentalis SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00020 ER PT B AU LOGAN, JA BOLSTAD, PV BENTZ, BJ PERKINS, DL AF LOGAN, JA BOLSTAD, PV BENTZ, BJ PERKINS, DL BE Tinus, RW TI Assessing the effects of changing climate on mountain pine beetle dynamics SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 92 EP 105 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00021 ER PT J AU LUCE, CH KLUZEK, E BINGHAM, GE AF LUCE, CH KLUZEK, E BINGHAM, GE BE Tinus, RW TI Development of a high resolution climatic data set for the Northern Rockies SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00022 ER PT B AU MONSERUD, RA TCHEBAKOVA, NM KOLCHUGINA, TP AF MONSERUD, RA TCHEBAKOVA, NM KOLCHUGINA, TP BE Tinus, RW TI Predicted effects of climate change on phytomass and net primary productivity in Siberia SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00024 ER PT J AU LOFTIN, SR AF LOFTIN, SR BE Tinus, RW TI Global climate change, land management, and biosolids application to semiarid grasslands SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00026 ER PT J AU FOX, DG FABER, BG AF FOX, DG FABER, BG BE Tinus, RW TI Collaborative decision process support tools from global change research SO INTERIOR WEST GLOBAL CHANGE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interior West Global Change Workshop CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn C1 TERRA,FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 262 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BD81L UT WOS:A1995BD81L00028 ER PT J AU Bruggers, RL Griffin, DL Haque, ME AF Bruggers, RL Griffin, DL Haque, ME TI Analysis of commercially available zinc phosphide from Bangladesh - Implications for rodent control SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB Farmers in Bangladesh seem reluctant to purchase zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) for use in rodent control, primarily because of a concern over the quality of the technical powder available from local distributors. During 1988, packets of Zn3P2 were purchased from the shelves of 23 distributors in Bangladesh and analyzed for technical purity. Only 2 of 23 distributors sold Zn3P2 containing at least 80% (a.i.), while 14 distributors sold material ranging from 15% to nondetectable. Such a lack of quality control is not acceptable if farmers in Bangladesh are to use this material as a primary method of rodent control in agriculture. C1 BANGLADESH AGR RES INST,VERTEBRATE PEST SECT,GAZIPUR,BANGLADESH. RP Bruggers, RL (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,ADC,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00029-1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000003 ER PT J AU Koehler, AE Tobin, ME Goodall, MJ Sugihara, RT AF Koehler, AE Tobin, ME Goodall, MJ Sugihara, RT TI Weatherability and acceptance of selected commercial zinc phosphide rodent baits SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID RAT AB We evaluated the chemical and physical characteristics of five commercial zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) rodenticide baits at selected intervals during 16 days of exposure to prevailing weather under simulated field conditions, and conducted laboratory feeding trials to assess the effects of weatherng on the acceptance and toxicity of one of the baits to Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), roof rats (R. rattus), and Polynesian rats (R. exulans). In bait weatherability trials, the concentration of Zn3P2 declined most rapidly in an oat bait that was overcoated with this toxicant. The Zn3P2 incorporated into pelleted formulations was less susceptible to physical weathering. All baits softened as they absorbed moisture but, with the exception of Ridall-Zinc(R) Field & Agricultural Bait, hardened again as they dried. Mold colonization was not apparent until after at least 4 days of exposure and occurred earlier and was more prevalent under wetter conditions. Hopkins(R) Zinc Phosphide Pellets were most durable in terms of retaining both their physical form and Zn3P2 concentration. Applying 2 . 5 cm of simulated rain (with or without drying) did not affect consumption of 1 . 0 cm Hopkins Zinc Phosphide Pellets by roof rats and Polynesian rats, but may have enhanced consumption by Norway rats. Mortality was similar among treatments for Norway vats and Polynesian rats, but was lower for roof rats offered pellets that received added moisture. Mortality for all species and treatment groups was inadequate for operational control purposes. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP Koehler, AE (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 10880,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00039-9 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000004 ER PT J AU Ramey, CA Sterner, RT AF Ramey, CA Sterner, RT TI Mortality of gallinaceous birds associated with 2% zinc phosphide baits for control of voles in alfalfa SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB Nontarget hazards to 52 ring-necked pheasants and 51 California quail were studied using 2 . 0% zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) steam-rolled-oat (SRO) baits to control gray-tailed voles in 12 (0 . 2-ha) enclosures planted in alfalfa. Pen raised birds were wing-clipped and 25-26 of each species were randomly assigned to three Zn3P2 baited or three control baited enclosures (eight or nine birds and 23-24 voles in each). Twenty-four birds of each species were also monitored twice daily using radiotelemetry. Following acclimation and pre-baiting (7 days), 2 . 0% Zn3P2 or control (0 . 0% Zn3P2) bait was broadcast by mechanical spreaders, and birds were observed or monitored for 14 days post-baiting. Zinc phosphide deaths, supported by necropsy results, occurred in 69% (18/26) of the pheasants, and none (0/26) of the quail. Other bird deaths were associated with six predator attacks, four accidents, and three escapes. Eight birds were missing at the completion of the study. These losses were not significantly different between species, baiting groups, and radiocollar status. The occurrence of all but one Zn3P2 death (17/18) within 24 h of exposure was highly significant (p < 0 . 00001) vs mortality observed prebaiting and >1 day post-baiting. Sublethal toxic effects of Zn3P2 were observed in two pheasants. Postulated attributes of the efficacious bait (> 94% mortality for voles) that may have decreased nontarget exposure and environmental risks (particularly to quail) are discussed Plans for research to assess the potential hazard of Zn3P2 to wild, free-ranging pheasants following a typical vole control program in alfalfa are underway. RP Ramey, CA (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25266,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00058-5 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000005 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Ramey, CA AF Sterner, RT Ramey, CA TI Deterioration of lecithin-adhered zinc phosphide baits in alfalfa SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB A 2 . 00 (+/-0 . 36)% zinc phosphide (Zn3P2, CAS no. 1314-84-7) steam-rolled-oat (SRO) greats bait containing 1 . 04% lecithin vehicle was broadcast in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Samples of bait were collected immediately after broadcast, and 1, 7 and 14 days after exposure to existent agronomic and climatological conditions. Analyses of respective samples yielded 1 . 80 (+/-0 . 36)%, 1 . 18 (+/-0 . 04)%, 1 . 20 (+/-0 . Il)%, and less than or equal to 0 . 26 (+/-0 . 05)% Zn3P2. A similar to 10% loss of Zn3P2 occurred immediately due to mechanical broadcast; similar to 33% loss was noted 1-7 days after exposure to pH 6 . 0 soil and 0 . 05 cm rainfall; and greater than or equal to 87% loss of Zn3P2 occurred by day 14 following an additional 0 . 96 cm rainfall. Mechanical, precipitation and soil-acidity factors are viewed to reduce the concentration of Zn3P2-grain baits in crop situations. Lecithin-adhered Zn3P2 baits showed a relatively rapid decline in concentration of active ingredient (A.I.) after broadcast and exposure to slight moisture - a useful attribute of these baits in areas where hazards to nontarget wildlife are of concern. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,ADC,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FED CTR,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00069-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000006 ER PT J AU Koehler, AE Tobin, ME Sugihara, RT AF Koehler, AE Tobin, ME Sugihara, RT TI Exploration of lauric acid as a potentiator for enhancing warfarin toxicity to rats SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID BRODIFACOUM; BINDING; HAWAII; LEPTOSPIROSIS; ALBUMIN; ISLAND AB We conducted laboratory feeding trials to evaluate the effectiveness of lauric acid, a naturally occurring short-chain fatty acid, for enhancing the toxicity of warfarin to three species of Hawaiian rats (Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus, R. exulans). We offered oats treated with one of three concentrations of (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0%) lauric acid and either of two concentrations (0.0125 or 0.005%) of warfarin to individually caged rats during a series of 24-h feeding trials. None of the warfarin-lauric acid combinations enhanced mortality in any of the three species. Nor did pre-exposing rats to lauric acid improve its effectiveness. R. rattus and R. exulans exposed to the highest concentration of lauric acid (1.0%) reduced their consumption of toxic baits. Al the concentrations evaluated, lauric acid appears to have little potential as a bait additive for enhancing the toxicity of warfarin to rats. RP Koehler, AE (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 10880,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00098-4 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000007 ER PT J AU Starr, RI Timm, RW Hurlbut, DB Volz, SA AF Starr, RI Timm, RW Hurlbut, DB Volz, SA TI Aerobic biodegradation of strychnine alkaloid rodenticide in soil SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION AB An aerobic soil biodegradation study was conducted with strychnine alkaloid to evaluate loss of the parent compound (non-radiolabeled) from sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils during 2 months of incubation, and to detect non-volatile products which occurred during this period. The biologically active soil samples were treated with the strychnine alkaloid to yield an overall concentration of 10 ppm. The treated samples and controls were held in an environmental chamber under dark conditions at a temperature of 25 degrees C and a soil moisture content of 75% of field capacity. Eight sampling periods were chosen; at each time interval, three treated samples and a control were selected for strychnine extraction and analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/u.v.) at a wavelength of 254 nm. Degradation of strychnine in both the sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils occurred in three distinct phases, which included a lag phase, a rapid loss phase and a leveling off or soil binding phase. It is believed that the lag phase may have been due to a microbial adaptation period combined with soil sorption. Approximately 50% of the strychnine was lost from the sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils in 24 and 27 days, respectively. Within a period of 33-40 days, about 90% of the strychnine had dissipated from both soils. The appearance of a degradation product occurred early in the study (day 7) and reached a maximum concentration at either day 14 (sandy loam) or day 21 (sandy clay loam). The initial degradates of strychnine are believed to be polar compounds with strong sorption characteristics. A discussion is presented in this paper of these possible products, together with a mechanism by which strychnine is theorized to have degraded in the soils. RP Starr, RI (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 124 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00059-3 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000009 ER PT J AU Ahmad, E Hussain, I Brooks, JE AF Ahmad, E Hussain, I Brooks, JE TI Losses of stored foods due to rats at grain markets in Pakistan SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB We estimated the sizes of rat populations (Rattus rattus) at 5 wholesale grain markets in four major cities of Punjab Province, Pakistan: Faisalabad, Lahore, Multan, and Rawalpindi. We estimated the populations using data from removal trapping and by measuring the change in activity at inked tracking tiles before and after the trapping. Population estimates ranged from Jive rats/grain shop in the new grain market in Faisalabad to 61 rats/grain shop at Lahore. We did surveys of rat populations in 13 out of 40 other smaller city and town markets in Punjab and confirmed they were rat-infested, with six ranked as severe, three as medium, and four as having little problems. We estimated an average grain shop in a Punjab market to contain 40 rats. Rice is the main commodity stored in these grain shops. In our laboratory, on average, adult roof rats ate 12 . 7g of rice nightly. We estimated the annual grain losses/shop due to rodent consumption, contamination, spillage, and wastage to be 740 kg. There ape about 5500 shops in the major and minor markets: the annual losses would approximate 4000 mt/year, or about 0 . 3% of the estimated 1 . 225 million mt that move through the markets yearly. C1 US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, USDA, ADC, DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP NATL AGR RES CTR, VERTEBRATE PEST CONTROL LAB, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00087-9 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000010 ER PT J AU Matschke, GH Ramey, CA McCann, GR Engeman, RM AF Matschke, GH Ramey, CA McCann, GR Engeman, RM TI Evaluation of a 2-active ingredient gas cartridge for controlling northern pocket gophers SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB The efficacy of a four-ingredient (two active and two inert) gas cartridge to control northern pocket gophers in an oat-alfalfa hay field was evaluated. The reformulated rodent gas cartridge was jointly developed by the Denver Wildlife Research Center and Pocatello Supply Depot to replace the currently registered eight-ingredient gas cartridge. The reformulated cartridge contains sodium nitrate and charcoal as active ingredients, with Fuller's earth and borax as inert ingredients. When ignited, the active ingredients produce primarily carbon monoxide. Four test areas (one control and three fumigated) were randomly established with 15 sample plots (each 0 . 008 ha) on each test area. Active burrow systems were treated: (I) in the sample plots; (2) outside the sample plots but within each test area; and (3) in the buffer zone around each test area. Pocket gopher activity on each plot was determined pre- and post-testing by an open-hole inner. Although there was an increase in pocket gopher activity on the control test area and declines of 7 . 1, 13 . 3 and 30 . 8% on the three test areas receiving the gas cartridges, the difference in activity was not statistically different (p = 0 . 174). The 17 . 1% mean reduction in pocket gopher activity in the fumigated test areas was substantially below the minimum standard efficacy of 70% established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for fumigants. This result was similar to two previous studies conducted with the original eight-ingredient gas cartridge for the control of northern pocket gophers. RP Matschke, GH (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00085-2 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000013 ER PT J AU Burns, RJ Connolly, GE AF Burns, RJ Connolly, GE TI Assessment of potential toxicity of Compound 1080 from livestock protection collars to canines and scavenging birds SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB The potential toxicity of Compound 1080 from livestock protection collars (LPCs) to canines and scavenger birds was studied. Dogs and magpies were allowed to scavenge on lamb parts contaminated by 1080 solution (10 mg active ingredient/ml H2O) from LPCs. Toxic potential was amplified by confining test animals with lamb heads and necks tainted by up to 60 ml of solution. Two of five dogs died, but none of 25 magpies were affected. One of three dogs that survived ingested residue, 0 . 008 mg/kg, from lamb flesh. One of two dogs that died also ingested residue, 0 . 002 mg/kg, from lamb flesh; the other ate contaminated wool. Dogs showed no muscle residue. Though exposure is unlikely, dogs eating contaminated wool probably would die, but those ingesting only flesh would not, because muscle residues are low; magpies appeared to be unaffected by either type of exposure. Our high scavenger survival in severe conditions was attributed to selective feeding on exposed flesh that contained low toxic residue. LPCs, when used as required to help manage coyote predation, present small risk to canines and little or no risk to avian scavengers. RP Burns, RJ (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,ADC,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FED CTR BLDG 16,BOX 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00057-7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000014 ER PT J AU Burns, RJ Zemlicka, DE Savarie, PJ AF Burns, RJ Zemlicka, DE Savarie, PJ TI Evaluation of methods for detecting nonfluorescent colored flakes and flake persistence in coyote scats SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB Effective markers are needed to investigate coyote behavior, especially in areas of feeding and bait acceptance. We evaluated three methods for detecting nonfluorescent colored flakes in coyote seats and the persistence off lakes in stored seats. Captive coyotes were offered tallow baits with 100 mg each of red, green, blue and a mixture of red and green flakes. Seats deposited daily for 5 days after bait consumption were examined for flakes on the surface, after crushing and after washing in nylon bags. Post-baiting, correct-colored flakes were detected for an average of about 21/2 days in both surface and crushed-seat examinations and for nearly 4 days in washed seats, which was significantly longer. Preparing bags and washing must be done carefully. The flakes were persistent in seats - no color fading or color separation from the silver-colored bases was observed during 8 months of weathering and storage. The flakes made durable coyote-scat markets that were reliably detected with simple, inexpensive materials. The seat-washing technique described would probably be useful in detecting most inert particles delivered in baits. RP Burns, RJ (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,ADC,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FED CTR BLDG 16,BOX 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00088-7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000015 ER PT J AU Witmer, GW Pipas, MJ Campbell, DL AF Witmer, GW Pipas, MJ Campbell, DL TI Effectiveness of search patterns for recovery of animal carcasses in relation to pocket gopher infestation control SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID SONGBIRD CARCASSES AB We tested four search patterns to identify one or more that consistently resulted in the location of a high percentage of above ground carcasses. Searchers found only 25 . 4% of placed carcasses. The random search pattern exhibited the lowest search efficiency (i.e. percent carcass recovery), 26%. This differed significantly from the other three search patterns (E/W transects; E/W transects followed by N/S transects; five randomly placed, 0 . 027 ha circular plots), which ranged in search efficiency from 24 . 5 to 36 . 2%. No significant difference in search efficiency over time was noted and recovery rates were comparable in the morning and afternoon. Searchers did not differ in mean time spent searching or in carcass recovery efficiency. Carcass density did not influence search efficiency, but searchers found proportionally move carcasses on high carcass density plots. Starlings, the largest and least cryptically colored of the three carcass types, were recovered in the greatest proportion. Carcass degradation by various animals was confirmed To be an important contributor to rapid carcass deterioration. Selecting the best overall search pattern requires careful consideration of a number of factors. Because search efficiency was low regardless of search pattern, a substantial correction factor should be used to estimate the number of carcasses occurring on the surface after a baiting operation. RP Witmer, GW (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00061-5 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000016 ER PT J AU Nass, RD AF Nass, RD TI Iron filings as magnetically retrievable markers SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB Iron filings (plain, red-painted and red-fluorescent-painted) in tallow baits were tested as bait acceptance markers for coyotes (Canis latrans). The paint coatings did not survive digestive passage. Based on very small numbers of treated animals, recovery period of iron filings appeared longer than for two types of particle markers examined by others. Iron filings would be simple to use, readily available and inexpensive. RP Nass, RD (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,USDA,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00060-7 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC310 UT WOS:A1995UC31000017 ER PT J AU Bruce, A Srinivasan, U Staines, HJ Highley, TL AF Bruce, A Srinivasan, U Staines, HJ Highley, TL TI Chitinase and laminarinase production in liquid culture by Trichoderma spp and their role in biocontrol of wood decay fungi SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; CELL-WALLS; HARZIANUM; DEGRADATION; GROWTH; ENZYME AB This paper describes macro- and microassay methods to assess the production of the lytic enzymes laminarinase and chitinase, by a range of Trichoderma isolates, and investigates the effect of nutrient composition, glucose amendment and the addition of basidiomycete cell wall material on the production of these lytic enzymes. Large interstrain and interspecies differences exist in the levels of production of both enzymes. Total activities of the enzymes are greater when isolates are cultured in malt medium, but specific chitinase and laminarinase activities are higher in low nutrient conditions. Glucose repressed the production of both laminarinase and chitinase, although this effect was not common to all Trichoderma isolates for the latter enzyme. Cell walls of both N. lepideus and T. versicolor induced increased chitinase activity but this effect was Trichoderma species specific. Mycoparasitism involving lytic enzymes has been described as the mechanism of action of Trichoderma species in the biological control of commercially important plant pathogens. However, little information is available on the significance of this mechanism for the biological control of wood decay fungi. The importance of mycoparasitism as a mechanism in the biological control of wood decay fungi is briefly discussed. C1 UNIV ABERTAY DUNDEE,DEPT MATH & COMP SCI,DUNDEE DD1 1HG,SCOTLAND. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Bruce, A (reprint author), UNIV ABERTAY DUNDEE,DEPT MOLEC & LIFE SCI,SCOTTISH INST WOOD TECHNOL,BELL ST,DUNDEE DD1 1HG,SCOTLAND. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 337 EP 353 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00047-3 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TL147 UT WOS:A1995TL14700001 ER PT J AU Highley, TL AF Highley, TL TI Comparative durability of untreated wood in use above ground SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB Cross-brace units constructed of 10 different softwoods and Mine different hardwoods were exposed on a test fence in Wisconsin for up to 22 yeats. Sapwood was included for all species and heartwood for some. The objective of this study was to determine the above-ground longevity of these woods against decay. The wood was classified into above-ground decay resistance groups. The longevity spans apply only To structural components similar in cross-sectional size to the test units used in this study. Millwork and fencing components may fit into this category. Woods estimated to last more than 20 years above ground, and thus classified as most resistant, included the heartwood of Douglas-fir, western white pine, redwood, Eucalyptus sp., red and white oak, lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, western red cedar, and the sapwood of redwood, white oak, and red oak. No woods fell into the nonresistant class (less than or equal to 7 years expected average life). The remaining woods were classified moderately resistant or resistant bused upon service lives of 8 to 13 and 14 to 19 years, respectively. RP Highley, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00063-1 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TL147 UT WOS:A1995TL14700005 ER PT J AU TUNICK, MH MALIN, EL SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH AF TUNICK, MH MALIN, EL SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH TI EFFECTS OF SKIM MILK HOMOGENIZATION ON PROTEOLYSIS AND RHEOLOGY OF MOZZARELLA CHEESE SO INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BOVINE ALPHA-S1-CASEIN; MANUFACTURE; SPECIFICITY; PLASMIN; STORAGE AB The influence of milk homogenization on proteolysis and functional properties of Mozzarella cheese was examined in all effort to develop low-fat Mozzarella with desirable textural and melting properties. Two-stage homogenization of skim milk at 6870/3430 kPa prior- to the addition of nonhomogenized cream did nob inhibit the meltability of full-fat or low-fat cheeses, when compared with cheeses made from nonhomogenized milk, but the meltability of full-fat cheese made from homogenized milk was greatly decreased. Homogenization of whole or skim milk had no significant effect on other rheological parameters or on proteolysis of alpha(s1)-casein in full-fat and low-fat cheeses. Refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C caused meltability and proteolysis to increase and the other parameters to decrease. Differences in fat content caused significant changes in hardness, springiness and meltability. Fat globule size and homogenization of protein affected proteolysis and rheology much less than fat content and storage time. RP TUNICK, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0958-6946 J9 INT DAIRY J JI Int. Dairy J. PY 1995 VL 5 IS 5 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1016/0958-6946(95)00026-Y PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RR568 UT WOS:A1995RR56800006 ER PT J AU YANG, XS HEISLER, GM MONTGOMERY, ME SULLIVAN, JH WHEREAT, EB MILLER, DR AF YANG, XS HEISLER, GM MONTGOMERY, ME SULLIVAN, JH WHEREAT, EB MILLER, DR TI RADIATIVE PROPERTIES OF HARDWOOD LEAVES TO ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HARDWOOD TREES; LEAVES; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL ABSORPTANCE REFLECTANCE TRANSMITTANCE; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ID B RADIATION AB Spectral reflectance and transmittance of leaves to ultraviolet irradiation were determined under laboratory conditions for seven species of hardwood trees, namely red oak (Quercus rubra, L), black oak (Q. velutina, Lamarch), white oak (Q. alba, L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), Norway maple (A. plantanoides), hickory (Carya tomemtosa), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and black oak litter. The experimental system consisted of a solar simulator, an integrating sphere, and a spectroradiometer. Experiments were repeated three to five times for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of fresh leaves chosen at randomly. The spectral distributions and simple averages of the radiative properties in the wavelength ranges of ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) and ultraviolet-A (UV-A, 320-400 nm) were determined. The spectral distributions of reflectance were similar between adaxial and abaxial surfaces, although the magnitude varied among tree species. Leaf reflectance was very low for the ultraviolet spectrum in general and varied among species and between adaxial and abaxial surfaces. It was generally higher over the UV-A waveband compared to UV-B, and higher on the abaxial than adaxial surface. The broadband reflectance in the UV-A range (over all species) was 5.0 and 3.9% for abaxial and adaxial surface, respectively, compared to 3.5 and 2.8% in UV-B. The transmittance through leaves was extremely small in the UV-B (<0.1%) and nearly zero in the UV-A spectral range. Consequently, the absorptance of ultraviolet radiation by leaves, as determined from the measured reflectance and transmittance, was quite high, being more than 90% for all the combinations of species and wavebands examined. The reported results are useful for studies requiring spectral radiative properties of the examined leaves with respect to ultraviolet irradiation. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,SYRACUSE,NY. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP YANG, XS (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 2 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1007/BF01270660 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA QE156 UT WOS:A1995QE15600002 ER PT J AU Sorenson, BA Koskinen, WC Buhler, DD Wyse, DL Lueschen, WE Jorgenson, MD AF Sorenson, BA Koskinen, WC Buhler, DD Wyse, DL Lueschen, WE Jorgenson, MD TI Fate of C-14-atrazine in a silt loam soil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE leaching; ground water quality; C-14-herbicides ID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; FIELD CONDITIONS; C-14 ATRAZINE; METABOLITES; MOVEMENT; WATER; HYDROXYATRAZINE; CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER AB Formation of C-14-atrazine degradation products and their distribution in the top 90 cm of a silt loam soil was determined during 16 months in the field. After 16 months, 68% of the applied C-14 was still present in the soil. By 12 months after treatment (MAT). C-14 leached to 70-80 cm. Atrazine accounted for 24% of the applied C-14 remaining 16 MAT, and was the predominant C-14-compound below 10 cm through 16 MAT. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was the major degradation product in the top 10 cm of soil comprising 13% of C-14 present 1 MAT and increasing to 24% by 12 MAT. Predominant degradation products at depths greater than 10 cm were HA and deethylatrazine (DEA). Deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for less than 6% of the radioactivity recovered at any soil depth. Deethyldeisopropylatrazine (DEDIA) was detected in soil extracts 2 MAT indicating further degradation of DIA and DEA. The proportion of DEA and DIA increased while the proportion of HA decreased at increasing soil depths indicating that DEA and DIA are more mobile in soil than HA. The large amount of C-14 remaining in the soil 16 MAT, and the depth within the soil profile at which it is found, suggest that atrazine and its degradation products have the potential to persist and move deeper in the soil and possibly contaminate ground water supplies. C1 ARS,USDA,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MINNESOTA,SW EXPT STN,LAMBERTON,MN 56152. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1995 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1080/03067319508026232 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UU636 UT WOS:A1995UU63600001 ER PT J AU KOSKINEN, WC CHENG, HH JARVIS, LJ SORENSON, BA AF KOSKINEN, WC CHENG, HH JARVIS, LJ SORENSON, BA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE RETENTION IN SOILS USING THE SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides CY SEP 08-10, 1993 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE SFE; ATRAZINE ID DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; DERIVATIZATION; METABOLITES AB This research determined the relative effectiveness of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in extracting atrazine and its metabolites from soils which had been treated with atrazine for varying periods of time in order to characterize binding mechanisms. Aqueous methanol extraction was more effective than SFE in removing C-14-atrazine residues from ''aged'' soils. The more polar the solvent system, the more C-14-atrazine residues were extracted. The order of polarity and extractability was aqueous methanol > SF-CO2/5% methanol > SF-CO2. Atrazine extraction efficiency using SF-CO2 and SF-CO2/5% methanol decreased as samples ''aged'' in the field. The less than complete recovery of atrazine residues using the SFE technique could be seen as an indication that different binding mechanisms were involved in the retention of atrazine as well as its metabolites and that the binding mechanisms changed with time. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP KOSKINEN, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1995 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1080/03067319508033139 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QU985 UT WOS:A1995QU98500034 ER PT J AU ROGOWSKI, AS AF ROGOWSKI, AS TI QUANTIFYING SOIL VARIABILITY IN GIS APPLICATIONS .1. ESTIMATES OF POSITION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Geographical information systems (GIS) commonly make use of soil information which consists of soil maps, descriptive text, and tables of attribute values. However for optimal use, published soil maps first need to be digitized and registered and subsequently the variability associated with tabular soil attribute information needs to be quantified. Validity of individual field observations depends on combined accuracy of an attribute estimate, sampling position location, and interpolation or extrapolation error among measured values. In this paper (part I), we evaluate the accuracy of sampling position location by comparing Global Positioning System (GPS) field measured values with visual estimates obtained from aerial photographs. Results indicate that such visual estimates of position, registered using standard procedures, can be in considerable error. We concluded, that best estimates of position on a GIS map are obtained when coordinates of position are computed from kriged estimates, or a projection type registration procedure. RP ROGOWSKI, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0269-3798 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SYST JI Int. J. Georg. Inf. Syst. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1080/02693799508902026 PG 14 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA QG184 UT WOS:A1995QG18400005 ER PT J AU URI, ND BOYD, R AF URI, ND BOYD, R TI THE EFFECTS OF REFINED PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS TAX IN THE PHILIPPINES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ENERGY ISSUES LA English DT Article DE ECONOMIC MODELING; ECONOMICS; ENERGY POLICY; PHILIPPINES; REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS TAX RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0954-7118 J9 INT J GLOBAL ENERGY JI Int. J. Glob. Energy Issue PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 69 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV217 UT WOS:A1995QV21700010 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI Energy scarcity and economic growth reconsidered SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ENERGY ISSUES LA English DT Article DE energy economics; energy policy; energy scarcity; energy trends; measuring natural resource scarcity ID NATURAL-RESOURCE SCARCITY; TIME-SERIES REGRESSION; COINTEGRATION TECHNIQUES; ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES; UNIT-ROOT; LONG-RUN; DEMAND; POWER; TESTS AB The analysis in this paper is concerned with the effect of energy scarcity on economic growth in the United States. After defining the notion of scarcity and introducing two measures of scarcity - unit costs and relative energy price, changes in the trend in resource scarcity for natural gas, bituminous coals, anthracite coal, and crude oil over the most recent three decades are investigated. Each of the energy resources became significantly more scarce resources during the decade of the 1970s in the Malthusian Stock Scarcity and Malthusian Flow Scarcity sense. Unit costs exhibit a similar change for natural gas and crude oil but not for bituminous coal and anthracite coal. The situation reversed itself during the 1980s. Natural gas, bituminous coal, anthracite coal, and crude oil all became significantly less scarce resources during the decade of the 1980s than they had been during the 1970s. That is, the increase in scarcity as measured by relative energy prices observed during the decade of the 1970s was not reversed completely during the 1980s for natural gas and crude oil. Unit costs for natural gas and crude oil demonstrate analogous patterns and test results. Given that change has taken place, it has implications for future economic growth to the extent resource scarcity and economic growth are interrelated. To see whether this is a relevant concern, subsequent to the examination of changing resource scarcity trends, an objective effort is made to identify a long run equilibrium relationship between energy scarcity and economic growth. Relying on cointegration techniques, only for crude oil is there a suggestion that resource scarcity has affected economic growth in the United States over the period 1889-1992. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,COMMOD ECON DIV,FEB-CED-ERS RM 1124,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0954-7118 J9 INT J GLOBAL ENERGY JI Int. J. Glob. Energy Issue PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 278 EP 290 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TV149 UT WOS:A1995TV14900007 ER PT J AU Uri, ND Boyd, R AF Uri, ND Boyd, R TI A reconsideration of the effect of crude oil price volatility on unemployment in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ENERGY ISSUES LA English DT Article DE energy policy; oil price volatility; oil prices; unemployment; United States ID MACROECONOMY; TESTS AB This study begins by asking whether fluctuations in the price of crude oil have affected employment in the United States. after reviewing previous assessments of the issue, the existence of an empirical relationship between unemployment and crude oil price volatility is established using Granger causality. Subsequently, the nature of the relationship is estimated with the results suggesting that at least three full years are required before the measurable impacts of a percentage change in the real price of crude oil on the change in unemployment are exhausted. Finally, the structural stability of the functional relationship between the change in unemployment and the volatility of the price of crude oil and the percentage change in gross national product is examined. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,COMMOD ECON DIV,FEB-CED-ERS RM 1124,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0954-7118 J9 INT J GLOBAL ENERGY JI Int. J. Glob. Energy Issue PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 291 EP 301 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TV149 UT WOS:A1995TV14900008 ER PT J AU KOCHANSKY, JP TSCHURSIN, E LUSBY, WR LACROIX, D WOLF, WR AF KOCHANSKY, JP TSCHURSIN, E LUSBY, WR LACROIX, D WOLF, WR TI SYNTHESIS OF A SELENOMETHIONINE PEPTIDE AND A PRELIMINARY-STUDY OF TRANSPORT INTO ESCHERICHIA-COLI MONITORED BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ESCHERICHIA COLI; PEPTIDE TRANSPORT; SELENOMETHIONINE PEPTIDE ID SELENIUM AB The tripeptide Gly-SeMet-Gly has been synthesized by a combination of solution and solid-phase methods. Increase in weight of the resin was very nearly theoretical, and purification was straightforward. Its absorption was compared to that of the corresponding peptide, Gly-Met-Gly, in E. coli using HPLC ion-exchange separation and fluorometric determination of the disappearance of peptides in the culture medium and the appearance of methionine and selenomethionine in the same culture medium. As E. coli are not known to possess extracellular peptidases, and in fact have been shown to possess transport systems for peptides, this absorption is interpreted as transport of the peptide through the cell wall and membrane into the cytoplasm, endohydrolysis of the peptide, and efflux of the peptides' amino acids. Uptake of both peptides was approximately equal, but was slowed when both peptides were present simultaneously. (C) Munksgaard 1995. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KOCHANSKY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 467,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0367-8377 J9 INT J PEPT PROT RES JI Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QF740 UT WOS:A1995QF74000003 PM 7775005 ER PT J AU MASON, JR AF MASON, JR TI EVALUATION OF WHITE PLASTIC FLAGS AS VISUAL REPELLENTS FOR SNOW GEESE ON COASTAL SALT MARSHES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CHEN CAERULESCENS; DETERRENT; FLAGGING; GOOSE AB Excessive grazing by Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens) causes severe damage to salt marshes along the eastern seaboard of the United States and to traditional agricultural practices such as salt hay farming. The effectiveness of white plastic flags as visual repellents to Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens) on six Delaware Bay salt hay (Spartina sp.) marshes was evaluated. At each site, two 20 ha plots were selected, and then randomly assigned to the treatment (1 flag/0 . 4 ha) or the control (1 bare stake/0 . 4 ha) condition. From November 1993 until April 1994, faeces were collected at weekly intervals along transects established in each plot. The mean dry weight of faeces in flagged plots was significantly less than the mean dry weight of faeces in control plots, indicating relatively lower levels of goose activity in flagged areas. These findings are consistent with growing evidence that plastic flags are a simple, economical method of repelling Snow Geese. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 41 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 DI 10.1080/09670879509371915 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RM522 UT WOS:A1995RM52200005 ER PT J AU TULLY, JG ROSE, DL YUNKER, CE CARLE, P BOVE, JM WILLIAMSON, DL WHITCOMB, RF AF TULLY, JG ROSE, DL YUNKER, CE CARLE, P BOVE, JM WILLIAMSON, DL WHITCOMB, RF TI SPIROPLASMA IXODETIS SP-NOV, A NEW SPECIES FROM IXODES PACIFICUS TICKS COLLECTED IN OREGON SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASS MOLLICUTES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CLASSIFICATION; GROWTH; MYCOPLASMATALES; OCCIDENTALIS; DEFORMATION; SUBGROUPS; IXODIDAE; TAXONOMY AB Eight strains of mollicutes were isolated from pooled suspensions prepared from western black-legged ticks (Ixodes pacificus) collected in Oregon. Morphologic examination by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques showed that each strain consisted of a mixture of motile, tightly coiled helical cells, small coccoid cells with diameters ranging from 300 to 500 nm, and pleomorphic, straight or branched filamentous forms. All cellular forms were surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane, and there was no evidence of a cell wall. The organisms were filterable and fastidious in their growth requirements. The optimum temperature for growth was 30 degrees C, but multiplication occurred at temperatures ranging from 23 to 32 degrees C. The strains catabolized glucose but did not hydrolyze arginine or urea. The genome size of strain Y32(T) (T = type strain) was 2,220 kbp, and the DNA base composition (guanine-plus-cytosine content) of this organism was 25 +/- 1 mol%. The eight isolates were serologically related to each other but were not related to 37 other type or representative strains belonging to the genus Spiroplasma. Strain Y32 (= ATCC 33835) is the type strain of Spiroplasma ixodetis sp. nov. C1 NIAID,ROCKY MT LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59840. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. USDA ARS,INSECT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TULLY, JG (reprint author), NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QB873 UT WOS:A1995QB87300004 PM 7857803 ER PT J AU NAKAMURA, LK JACKSON, MA AF NAKAMURA, LK JACKSON, MA TI CLARIFICATION OF THE TAXONOMY OF BACILLUS MYCOIDES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; ANTHRACIS; CEREUS AB Because of the very similar physiological properties and base sequences of the 16S rRNAs of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus thuringiensis, some taxonomists question the validity of separating these organisms into distinct species, DNA relatedness studies based on spectrophotometrically measured renaturation rates were carried out to determine the taxonomic relationships of the three species, A study of 58 strains revealed that the levels of relatedness between B, cereus and B. mycoides and between B. cereus and B, thuringiensis ranged from 22 to 44% and from 59 to 69%, respectively. On the basis of the moderately high Levels of DNA relatedness which we determined, B. cereus and B, thuringiensis appeared to be genetically related but taxonomically distinct entities. The B. mycoides group was genetically distantly related to the B. cereus group and represented a separate taxon. Furthermore, our data indicated that the B. mycoides group consists of two genetically distinct groups, each of which represents a distinct species, In addition to rhizoidal colonial morphology and lack of motility, the B. mycoides group could be distinguished from B. cereus by differences in fatty acid profiles and acetanilide-producing activities. RP NAKAMURA, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QB873 UT WOS:A1995QB87300008 ER PT J AU SHIDA, O TAKAGI, H KADOWAKI, K UDAKA, S NAKAMURA, LK KOMAGATA, K AF SHIDA, O TAKAGI, H KADOWAKI, K UDAKA, S NAKAMURA, LK KOMAGATA, K TI PROPOSAL OF BACILLUS-REUSZERI SP-NOV, BACILLUS-FORMOSUS SP-NOV, NOM REV, AND BACILLUS-BORSTELENSIS SP-NOV, NOM REV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREVIS; RELATEDNESS; STRAINS; DNA AB Taxonomic studies of 26 putative Bacillus brevis strains (12 strains formerly assigned to groups 2, 4 through 7, and B and 14 ungrouped strains) were carried out. These organisms were placed in five distinct groups on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, the results of DNA base composition and reassociation analyses, and the results of cellular fatty acid and isoprenoid quinone composition analyses. Group 2, which contained three strains, was identified as Bacillus choshinensis, and group 4, which contained one strain, was identified as Bacillus parabrevis. The three remaining unidentified groups were clearly distinguishable phenotypically and genetically from the type strains of B. brevis and the recently described species Bacillus agri, Bacillus centrosporus, Bacillus migulanus, Bacillus choshinensis, and Bacillus parabrevis. Therefore, the names Bacillus reuszeri sp. nov., Bacillus formosus sp. nov., nom. rev., and Bacillus borstelensis sp. nov., nom. rev. are proposed for groups 5 (3 strains), 6 (3 strains), and 7 (16 strains), respectively. The S-layer proteins found in the three new species were immunologically and genetically similar to the S-layer proteins found previously in B. brevis, B. agri, B. centrosporus, B. choshinensis, and B. parabrevis. The G+C content of NRRL NRS-1206, the type strain of B. reuszeri sp. nov., was 46.5 mol%; the G+C content of NRRL NRS-863, the type strain of B. formosus sp. nov., nom. rev., was 47.2 mol%; and the G+C content of NRRL NRS-818, the type strain of B. borstelensis sp. nov., nom. rev., was 51.3 mol%. C1 US ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. TOKYO UNIV AGR & TECHNOL, FAC AGR, DEPT BREWING & FERMENTAT, TOKYO, JAPAN. TOKYO UNIV AGR & TECHNOL, FAC AGR, DEPT AGR CHEM, TOKYO, JAPAN. RP SHIDA, O (reprint author), HIGETA SHOYU LTD, RES LAB, 2-8 CHUO CHO, CHOSHI, CHIBA 288, JAPAN. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QB873 UT WOS:A1995QB87300016 ER PT J AU LABEDA, DP AF LABEDA, DP TI AMYCOLATOPSIS COLORADENSIS SP-NOV, THE AVOPARCIN (LL-AV290)-PRODUCING STRAIN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID; NOCARDIA AB The strain that produces the glycopeptide antibiotic avoparcin (LL-AV290) has been described previously as a strain of ''Streptomyces candidus.'' Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of this strain are typical of the genus Amycolatopsis. The results of a study of the physiological properties of this organism and its levels of DNA relatedness to previously described Amycolatopsis species supported the decision to describe a new species for this strain, for which the name Amycolatopsis coloradensis is proposed. The type strain of A. coloradensis is NRRL 3218. RP LABEDA, DP (reprint author), US ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QB873 UT WOS:A1995QB87300021 ER PT J AU TULLY, JG WHITCOMB, RF HACKETT, KJ ROSE, DL HENEGAR, RB BOVE, JM CARLE, P WILLIAMSON, DL CLARK, TB AF TULLY, JG WHITCOMB, RF HACKETT, KJ ROSE, DL HENEGAR, RB BOVE, JM CARLE, P WILLIAMSON, DL CLARK, TB TI TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTIONS OF 8 NEW NON-STEROL-REQUIRING MOLLICUTES ASSIGNED TO THE GENUS MESOPLASMA (VOL 44, PG 685, 1994) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INRA,CELLULAR & MOLEC BIOL LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP TULLY, JG (reprint author), NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,MYCOPLASM SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 201 EP 201 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QB873 UT WOS:A1995QB87300035 ER PT S AU Hsu, HT AF Hsu, HT BE Kuo, CG TI Immunological detection and identification of tospoviruses SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TOSPOVIRUSES AND THRIPS OF FLORAL AND VEGETABLE CROPS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tospoviruses and Thrips of Floral and Vegetable Crops CY NOV 07-10, 1995 CL TAIWAN AGR RES INST, TAICHUNG, TAIWAN SP Asian Vegetable Res & Dev Ctr, Council Agr Republic China, Int Soc Hort Sci, Taiwan Agri Res Inst, USDA HO TAIWAN AGR RES INST AB The serological test is currently the method of choice for diagnosis and detection of tospoviruses in plants and thrips. Detection of tospoviruses with various serological tests suggests several species and/or serogroups of tospoviruses. Procedures developed to purify, tospoviruses for antiserum production and serological techniques used to identify, tospoviruses are described and reviewed in this paper. RP Hsu, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORAL & NURSEY PLANTS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-828-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 431 BP 109 EP 121 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BJ63Q UT WOS:A1995BJ63Q00009 ER PT S AU Lawson, RH Dienelt, MM Hsu, HT AF Lawson, RH Dienelt, MM Hsu, HT BE Kuo, CG TI The cytopathology of tospovirus - Host-plant interactions SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TOSPOVIRUSES AND THRIPS OF FLORAL AND VEGETABLE CROPS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tospoviruses and Thrips of Floral and Vegetable Crops CY NOV 07-10, 1995 CL TAIWAN AGR RES INST, TAICHUNG, TAIWAN SP Asian Vegetable Res & Dev Ctr, Council Agr Republic China, Int Soc Hort Sci, Taiwan Agri Res Inst, USDA HO TAIWAN AGR RES INST AB Plant cells infected with tospoviruses contain variable arrays of virus inclusions and modified host membranes. These reflect the complexity of the viral genome and particle structure as well as involvement of plant intracellular membranes in virion maturation. The mature virion is enclosed by a single envelope with two viral-encoded glycoproteins (GI and G2) and is located within membraneous cisternae, including those of the rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum (rER or sER). The viral core contains three single-stranded RNAs, nucleocapsid (N) protein, and a polymerase. N protein is also located in viroplasm and nucleocapsid aggregates that may be adjacent to, or associated with, rER, sER, Golgi stacks, and modified host membranes referred to as paired parallel membranes. Nonstructural movement (NSm) protein can be identified, prior to virion formation, in plasmodesmata and in nucleocapsid aggregates. A nonstructural (NSs) protein, of unknown function, is located in filamentous inclusions and in the cytoplasm. Filamentous inclusions are distinguished by appearance as Type I for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Type II for impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV). With this exception, the most prominent cytopathological distinctions between tospovirus isolates relate to differences in particle maturation. Budding at smooth intracellular membranes yields double membrane-bounded structures interpreted as immature virions. Outer membranes of mature virions fuse with each other and with host cisternal membranes to release mature single-enveloped virions into cisternal spaces. Maturation is accompanied by proliferation and modification of Golgi stacks, vesicles, and ER. Infections of defective and partially defective tospovirus isolates contain viroplasm, nucleocapsid aggregates, immature virions, or abnormal virion-like particles rather than mature virions. As additional tospovirus species and isolates are identified new variations in cytopathology can be expected. RP Lawson, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FLORAL & NURSEY PLANTS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-828-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 431 BP 267 EP 290 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BJ63Q UT WOS:A1995BJ63Q00024 ER PT S AU Bautista, R Mau, RFL Cho, JJ Custer, D AF Bautista, R Mau, RFL Cho, JJ Custer, D BE Kuo, CG TI Thrips, tospovirus, and host-plant associations in a Hawaiian farm ecosystem: Prospects for reducing disease losses SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TOSPOVIRUSES AND THRIPS OF FLORAL AND VEGETABLE CROPS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tospoviruses and Thrips of Floral and Vegetable Crops CY NOV 07-10, 1995 CL TAIWAN AGR RES INST, TAICHUNG, TAIWAN SP Asian Vegetable Res & Dev Ctr, Council Agr Republic China, Int Soc Hort Sci, Taiwan Agri Res Inst, USDA HO TAIWAN AGR RES INST AB Host plants for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were evaluated for their relative importance as virus acquisition and inoculation hosts using the thrips vector Frankliniella occidentalis. TSWV presence was detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). In descending order of importance for efficiency of virus acquisition were: jimson weed, (Datura stramonium),. romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia); and burdock), (Arctium lappa). TSWV transmission by F. occidentalis was more efficient in D. stramonium and golden crownbeard (Verbesina enceloides) than in L. sativa or cheeseweed (Malva parviflora). Transmission studies demonstrated the ability off. occidentalis to initiate secondary spread of TSWV within L. sativa. The vector also readily transmitted TSWV from L. sativa to non-crop hosts and vice versa. F. occidentalis adults preferred to land and feed on TSWV-infected plants in choice tests, suggesting the potential to greatly influence viruliferous thrips populations. Moreover, larval production was significantly greater on diseased plants. Epidemiological implications of these results indicated that the importance of secondary spread of TSWV in L. sativa may have been underestimated and that the relative importance of infected non-crop hosts may be overestimated These findings also suggest that disease losses might be reduced is there were effective tactics to reduce the production of viruliferous thrips in cultivated crops such as L. sativa. RP Bautista, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-828-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 431 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BJ63Q UT WOS:A1995BJ63Q00045 ER PT S AU George, C AF George, C BE Ramsey, GS TI International wildland fire foam specification and NFPA 298 - Foam chemicals for fire control SO INTERNATIONAL WILDLAND FIRE FOAM SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE FORESTRY CANADA INFORMATION REPORT PETAWAWA NATIONAL FORESTRY INSTITUTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wildland Fire Foam Symposium and Workshop CY MAY 03-05, 1994 CL THUNDER BAY, CANADA SP Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Natl Wildfire Coordinat Grp, Fire Equipment Working Team, Canadian Comm Forest Fire Management, Forest Fire Equipment Working Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NATL WILDFIRE SUPPRESS TECHNOL PROGRAM,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FOREST SERVICE PETAWAWA NATL FORESTRY INST PI CHALK RIVER PA CHALK RIVER ON KOJ 1JO, CANADA SN 0706-1854 BN 0-662-24069-3 J9 FOR CAN PI PY 1995 VL PI-X BP 4 EP 8 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF29H UT WOS:A1995BF29H00002 ER PT S AU Johnson, C AF Johnson, C BE Ramsey, GS TI Efforts in characterizing wildland fire foams SO INTERNATIONAL WILDLAND FIRE FOAM SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE FORESTRY CANADA INFORMATION REPORT PETAWAWA NATIONAL FORESTRY INSTITUTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wildland Fire Foam Symposium and Workshop CY MAY 03-05, 1994 CL THUNDER BAY, CANADA SP Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Natl Wildfire Coordinat Grp, Fire Equipment Working Team, Canadian Comm Forest Fire Management, Forest Fire Equipment Working Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NATL WILDFIRE SUPPRESS TECHNOL PROGRAM,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FOREST SERVICE PETAWAWA NATL FORESTRY INST PI CHALK RIVER PA CHALK RIVER ON KOJ 1JO, CANADA SN 0706-1854 BN 0-662-24069-3 J9 FOR CAN PI PY 1995 VL PI-X BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF29H UT WOS:A1995BF29H00003 ER PT S AU Duncan, S AF Duncan, S BE Ramsey, GS TI Army fire research and development Class A foam evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL WILDLAND FIRE FOAM SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE FORESTRY CANADA INFORMATION REPORT PETAWAWA NATIONAL FORESTRY INSTITUTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wildland Fire Foam Symposium and Workshop CY MAY 03-05, 1994 CL THUNDER BAY, CANADA SP Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Natl Wildfire Coordinat Grp, Fire Equipment Working Team, Canadian Comm Forest Fire Management, Forest Fire Equipment Working Grp C1 USDA,TANK AUTOMOT RES DEV & ENGN CTR,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FOREST SERVICE PETAWAWA NATL FORESTRY INST PI CHALK RIVER PA CHALK RIVER ON KOJ 1JO, CANADA SN 0706-1854 BN 0-662-24069-3 J9 FOR CAN PI PY 1995 VL PI-X BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF29H UT WOS:A1995BF29H00005 ER PT S AU McKenzie, DW AF McKenzie, DW BE Ramsey, GS TI CAFS power systems and proportioning equipment performance SO INTERNATIONAL WILDLAND FIRE FOAM SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE FORESTRY CANADA INFORMATION REPORT PETAWAWA NATIONAL FORESTRY INSTITUTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wildland Fire Foam Symposium and Workshop CY MAY 03-05, 1994 CL THUNDER BAY, CANADA SP Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Natl Wildfire Coordinat Grp, Fire Equipment Working Team, Canadian Comm Forest Fire Management, Forest Fire Equipment Working Grp C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,TECHNOL & DEV CTR,SAN DIMAS,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FOREST SERVICE PETAWAWA NATL FORESTRY INST PI CHALK RIVER PA CHALK RIVER ON KOJ 1JO, CANADA SN 0706-1854 BN 0-662-24069-3 J9 FOR CAN PI PY 1995 VL PI-X BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF29H UT WOS:A1995BF29H00015 ER PT J AU TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG PERRINO, CT AF TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG PERRINO, CT TI SYNTHESIS AND OCCURRENCE OF OXOALDEHYDES IN USED FRYING OILS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE OXOALDEHYDES; ODOR THRESHOLD; FRYING OIL ID VOLATILE COMPONENTS AB As part of our efforts to identify volatile decomposition products in used frying oils, a series of 4- and 5-oxoaldehydes were synthesized, purified, and characterized by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Oxoaldehydes have been proposed as possible precursors of alkylfurans, which have potential anticancer effects. In a model reaction 4-oxononanal was refluxed in hexane for 40 days and only trace amounts of 2-pentylfuran were produced, suggesting that it is not a major precursor of the furan. The volatile constituents of used frying oils obtained from commercial food processors were studied, and 4-oxohexanal, 4-oxooctanal, 4-oxononanal, and 4-oxodecanal were identified. RP TAKEOKA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1021/jf00049a006 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QD199 UT WOS:A1995QD19900006 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M BAUTISTA, FF AF FRIEDMAN, M BAUTISTA, FF TI INHIBITION OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE BY THIOLS IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF POTATO TISSUE SUSPENSIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE; L-CYSTEINE ETHYL ESTER; ENZYMATIC BROWNING PREVENTION; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE INHIBITION; POTATOES; REDUCED GLUTATHIONE; SODIUM BISULFITE; THIOLS ID SULFUR AMINO-ACIDS; ASCORBIC-ACID; FRUIT JUICES; CYSTEINE; PROTEINS; SAFETY; FRESH; FOODS; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; MUTAGENICITY AB To contribute to the development of sulfite alternatives to prevent enzymatic browning in fruits and vegetables, the inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) by structurally different sulfhydryl compounds (thiols) and by sodium bisulfite in the absence and presence of suspensions of dehydrated potatoes was measured. Relative potencies (I-50 values), defined as the millimolar concentration of the inhibitor needed to reduce 400 units of PPO activity by 50%, were calculated from regression equations of the concentration dependence of the inhibition at 25 degrees C. For solutions of pure PPO, the 150 values ranged as follows: N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine, 0.058 (the most potent inhibitor); L-cysteine methyl ester, 0.099; 2-mercaptopyridine, 0.100; L-cysteine ethyl ester and reduced glutathione, 0.12; 2-mercBptoethanesulfonic acid, 0.14; sodium bisulfite, 0.21; homocysteine, 0.23; N-acetyl-L-cysteine, 0.27; L-cysteine, 0.35; and cysteinylglycine, 0.43. Studies on the influence of temperature with six inhibitors, each tested at the I-50 concentration listed above, in the range 25-55 degrees C showed that although heat alone partly inactivated the enzyme, the presence of thiols such as cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and reduced glutathione markedly increased the inactivation. However, this was not the case for cysteine ethyl and methyl esters. Inhibition studies with NDA 1725 and Russet potato suspensions at 25 degrees C revealed that the inhibitors were less effective in the heterogenous food milieu and that the relative effectiveness of structurally different thiols differed from those observed in PPO solutions. Mechanisms are described to explain the inhibition of PPO and the prevention of enzymatic browning by SH-containing compounds. Possible approaches to applying the results to the development of useful browning inhibitors for foods are also discussed. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 53 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1021/jf00049a014 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QD199 UT WOS:A1995QD19900014 ER PT J AU MATTHEIS, JP BUCHANAN, DA FELLMAN, JK AF MATTHEIS, JP BUCHANAN, DA FELLMAN, JK TI VOLATILE COMPOUND PRODUCTION BY BISBEE DELICIOUS APPLES AFTER SEQUENTIAL ATMOSPHERE STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE; ESTERS; ALDEHYDES; ALCOHOLS; FRUIT QUALITY ID ODOR-ACTIVE VOLATILES; AROMA; METABOLISM; ALCOHOLS; FRUIT; ETHYLENE; ESTERS; OXYGEN AB Bisbee Delicious apples were stored for 6 months in controlled atmosphere (CA) where oxygen concentration was increased from 1 to 2% after 3, 4, or 5 months. Volatile emission after storage was highest in late-harvest apples. Increasing the oxygen concentration during storage did not increase loss of firmness, soluble solids content, or titratable acidity, and volatile emission was not enhanced. All CA treatments reduced volatile emission compared to that of air-stored fruit. Esters were the majority of volatiles detected. Emission of lipid-derived esters was inhibited more by CA treatments than were esters resulting from amino acid metabolism. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP MATTHEIS, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1021/jf00049a036 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QD199 UT WOS:A1995QD19900036 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RM PEPPERMAN, AB AF JOHNSON, RM PEPPERMAN, AB TI SOIL COLUMN MOBILITY OF METRIBUZIN FROM ALGINATE-ENCAPSULATED CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDES; LEACHING; LINSEED OIL; GROUNDWATER ID STARCH; ATRAZINE AB The mobility of metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] from alginate-encapsulated controlled release (CR) formulations was investigated in four contrasting soil profiles. Two CR formulations based on sodium alginate (1%), kaolin (10%), and Tween 20 (0.5%) were compared to technical grade (TCT) metribuzin and to a commercial liquid (CL) metribuzin formulation (Sencor 4L). In addition to the basic components, the CR-Oil formulation contained 4% linseed oil and the CR-N formulation did not. All herbicide treatments were labeled with [C-14]metribuzin and were applied to duplicate soil columns containing a surface and a subsoil horizon. Each horizon was packed to a depth of 12.5 cm, giving a total column length of 25 cm. The columns were leached with 21 (420 mL) to 30 cm (600 mL) of 0.01 M CaCl2 for a period of 7-10 days. For the TG treatment, the total amounts of [C-14]metribuzin leached were 85, 62, 66, and 58% for the Evesboro, Ochlocknee, Conover, and Commerce soils, respectively. This is compared to 91, 52, 51, and 43% for the CL formulation. The CR-Oil formulation leached 9, 13, 9, and 9% of the applied [C-14]metribuzin, compared to 49, 53, 41, and 48% for the CR-N formulation. The CR-Oil formulation also increased the amount of [C-14]metribuzin retained in the soil surface horizon (13-27%), compared to the CR-N (2-5%), TG (2-3%), and CL (1-2%) formulations. RP JOHNSON, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1021/jf00049a043 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QD199 UT WOS:A1995QD19900043 ER PT J AU CHU, FS HUANG, X MARAGOS, CM AF CHU, FS HUANG, X MARAGOS, CM TI PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIIDIOTYPE AND ANTI-ANTI-IDIOTYPE ANTIBODIES AGAINST FUMONISIN B-1 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FUMONISIN; ANTIBODIES; ANTIIDIOTYPE; IMMUNOASSAY ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; PULMONARY-EDEMA; INTERNAL IMAGE; CORN SCREENINGS; OKADAIC ACID; MYCOTOXINS; SWINE; BIOLOGY AB Anti-idiotype antibodies (Ab2) for fumonisin B-1 (FmB1) were-demonstrated in rabbits after immunization with purified monoclonal antibody (mAb1) against FmB1. Ab2 bound specifically to FmB1-mAb1. Indirect competitive ELISA revealed that the binding of to FmB1-ovalbumin (OVA) was inhibited by Ab2. Ab2 could also be used as FmB1-OVA surrogate in the ELISA for FmB1. In the FmB1-OVA-based ELISA, the concentrations causing 50% inhibition.(ID50) of binding of mAb1 to FmB1-OVA by FmB1 and FmB2 were found to be 0.14 and 0.15 mu g/mL, respectively. In the Ab2-based ELISA, the ID50 values of binding of mAb1 to Ab2 by FmB1 and FmB2 were found to be 0.46 and 0.61 mu g/mL, respectively. A good correlation was found between the data obtained from the FmB1-OVA-based and the Ab2-based ELISA for the analysis of FmB1 in corn. Using the affinity-purified Ab2 Fab fragment as immunogen, polyclonal anti-Ab2 antibodies (Ab3) were generated in BALB/c mice. The Ab3 was found to have characteristics similar to those of original mAb1 The ID50 values of binding of Ab3 to FmB1-OVA by FmB1 and FmB2 were found to be 0.19 and 0.26 mu g/mL, respectively. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FOOD MICROBIOL & TOXICOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 60614. RP CHU, FS (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,FOOD RES INST,1925 WILLOW DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 55 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1021/jf00049a046 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QD199 UT WOS:A1995QD19900046 ER PT J AU FLINT, HM RADIN, JW PARKS, NJ REAVES, LL AF FLINT, HM RADIN, JW PARKS, NJ REAVES, LL TI THE EFFECTS OF DRIP OR FURROW IRRIGATION OF COTTON ON BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COTTON; DRIP IRRIGATION; BEMISIA ARGENTIFOLII; HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE ID TABACI AB Infestations of immatures of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (= Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Strain B), were studied in surface-drip or furrow-irrigated field plots of short staple cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in central Arizona in 1988, 1991, and 1993. Three levels of irrigation designed to produce low, moderate, or high plant water stress (at the end of irrigation interval) were tested each year. The seasonal average numbers of immatures of B. argentifolii on fifth main stem node leaves was greater in biweekly-furrow irrigated than in drip-irrigated plots in 1988 and 1993 but not in 1991. Plants irrigated biweekly with additional supplemental irrigations during mid-season or full season weekly irrigations had intermediate numbers of immatures. Leaf water potentials (-bars) measured in 1993 indicated plant water stress was greatest prior peak blooming and increased whitefly infestations. The 'Deltapine 50' (DPL-50) cultivar had a similar density of leaf trichomes but half as many nymphs per leaf as DPL-77 in the 1991 test. These results indicate that selecting a less susceptible cultivar and avoiding plant water stress may be useful in management of whiteflies. RP FLINT, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA QN273 UT WOS:A1995QN27300003 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD MCGUIRE, MR SHASHA, BS AF CHANDLER, LD MCGUIRE, MR SHASHA, BS TI EVALUATION OF STARCH-ENCAPSULATED DIFLUBENZURON FOR USE IN MANAGEMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA; DIFLUBENZURON; CORN; MIRA-GEL; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; FEEDING STIMULANTS; CORN-EARWORM; FORMULATIONS; PYRALIDAE; MORTALITY AB Diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis-inhibiting insect growth regulator, was encapsulated with Mira-gel, a pregelatinized starch material, and tested under laboratory and field conditions. Results demonstrated that encapsulated diflubenzuron can be used for managing larval populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), the fall armyworm, in whorl stage corn (Zea mays L.). Granules containing the feeding stimulant Coax resulted in higher fall armyworm larval mortality in the laboratory than did granules without Coax, but did not improve management in the field. The use of starch for encapsulating diflubenzuron may increase the probability of establishing areawide management programs for this important insect pest. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA QN273 UT WOS:A1995QN27300004 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI EFFICACY OF 3 INSECTICIDES TO CONTROL INSECT PESTS OF STORED SEED CORN SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL; CHLORPYRIFOS; CORN; TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM; COLEOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS; CURCULIONIDAE; PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE ID MAIZE WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; CURCULIONIDAE; PROTECTANTS AB Bagged seed corn treated on 1 November at the rate of 8 ppm AI pirimiphos-methyl formulated from pirimiphos-methyl ULV, pirimiphosmethyl (Actellic 5E), chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 3E), or distilled water was stored in an unheated shed for 10 months. Every 2 mo, the shed was artificially infested with the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), and the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Measured residue deposition at moth 0 for pirimiphos-methyl ULV, Actellic 5E, and Lorsban 3E was 1.74 +/- 0.16, 6.86 +/- 1.06, and 7.08 +/- 1.58 ppm. respectively. After 10 mo, residues had declined to 0.61 +/- 0.07, 2.03 +/- 0.08, and 3.78 +/- 0.51 ppm, respectively. Insect populations in untreated corn remained low throughout the cooler months and began increasing in May (6 mo). At month 10, red flour beetle populations trapped in untreated corn averaged 83.0 +/- 18.2 adults per 17.25 kg corn, while the maximum in the three chemical treatments was 11.5 +/- 4.2 adults per 17.25 kg. At month 10, maize weevil populations in untreated corn averaged 643.5 +/- 381.3 adults per 17.25 kg, with a maximum of only 11.5 +/- 4.2 per 17.25 kg in the chemical treatments. Few live Indianmeal moths were detected in untreated controls or the chemical treatments at month 10. Both Actellic 5E and Lorsban 3E are suitable protectants for seed corn. C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA QN273 UT WOS:A1995QN27300005 ER PT J AU DAVIS, FM BAKER, GT WILLIAMS, WP AF DAVIS, FM BAKER, GT WILLIAMS, WP TI ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE RESISTANT TO LEAF FEEDING BY SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) AND FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; PLANT RESISTANCE; DIATRAEA GRANDIOSELLA; SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA ID MECHANISMS AB Maize, Zea mays L., inbred lines with resistance to leaf feeding by the larvae of the southwestern corn borer. Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) have been released. The mechanisms of resistance are larval antibiosis and nonpreference; however, the factor or factors causing the resistance are not fully understood. In this study, selected anatomical characters of inner whorl tissue of several leaf feeding susceptible and resistant maize inbreds were compared. For both insect species, correlations were calculated between the anatomical characters and leaf feeding damage scores and between the anatomical characters and weights of larvae. Significant differences were detected between several anatomical characters of the resistant and susceptible inbreds. The most striking and consistent difference between the resistant and susceptible inbreds was the thickness of the cuticle and the epidermal cell wall (cell wall complex). The cell wall complex of the resistant inbreds was 1.7x thicker than that of the susceptible inbreds. Significant correlations existed between anatomical characters of the inner whorl and both leaf feeding damage scores and larval weights. The characters most closely associated with leaf feeding damage and larval weights were the upper and lower cell wall complexes. The inner whorl tissue from the resistant inbreds tended to be tougher than comparable tissue of the susceptible inbreds. RP DAVIS, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA QN273 UT WOS:A1995QN27300006 ER PT J AU DAVEY, RB AF DAVEY, RB TI EFFICACY OF TOPICALLY APPLIED PYRETHROIDS AGAINST EGGS OF BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI) (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACARI; IXODIDAE; OVICIDES; BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS; PYRETHROIDS ID SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; OVIPOSITIONAL BIOLOGY; PERMETHRIN; RESISTANCE AB Efficacy of three pyrethroid acaricides (permethrin, cypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.005% active ingredient (AI) applied topically to Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) eggs of three different age classes was determined. At the rate of 0.1% AI, permethrin provided greater than or equal to 94% reduction of hatch in all age classes of eggs. However, at the two lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.005% AI) reduction of hatch was less than or equal to 35% except against 1-d-old eggs at the 0.01% AI concentration; thus permethrin was less effective at the lower concentrations than the other materials tested. Cypermethrin provided greater than or equal to 93% reduction of hatch at concentrations of greater than or equal to 0.01% AI, but was not effective against 10- and 21-d-old eggs at 0.005% AI (71.1 and 75.9% reduction, respectively). Based on the effect of concentration and age class, cyfluthrin provided greater than or equal to 96% reduction of hatch against all ages at all concentrations. It was concluded that all three compounds applied at manufacturers' recommended concentration (0.1% AI for permethrin and 0.05% AI for cypermethrin and cyfluthrin) would be excellent candidates in the cleaning and disinfesting of premises to eliminate B. microplus eggs. RP DAVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,POB 969,MISSION,TX 78572, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA QN273 UT WOS:A1995QN27300007 ER PT J AU GOENAGA, R IRIZARRY, H COLEMAN, B ORTIZ, E AF GOENAGA, R IRIZARRY, H COLEMAN, B ORTIZ, E TI DRIP IRRIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PLANTAIN AND BANANA GROWN ON THE SEMIARID SOUTHERN COAST OF PUERTO-RICO SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE PLANTAIN; BANANA; DRIP IRRIGATION; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; MUSA SPP AB Plantain and banana production in the semiarid lowlands of the southern coast of Puerto Rico has been increasing because of a greater demand for high-quality fruits, high farm-gate prices and the availability of arable land with an irrigation infrastructure. There is, however, a scarcity of information on optimum water requirements and practical irrigation recommendations far growers of these crops. Five irrigation regimes based on class A pan factors, ranging from 0.25 to 1.25 were used to obtain fractions of the potential evapotranspiration and to evaluate their influence on yield and other crop traits. Results were extrapolated to make projections on productivity, gross sales, and on irrigation costs incurred in the operation of a 20-hectare farm of drip irrigated plantains or bananas. Increasing the amount of applied irrigation in a 20-hectare plantation from a pan factor of 0.75 to 1.25 increased the number of banana fruit boxes by 6,747 in the plant crop, and by 18,009 in the first banana ratoon. This irrigation increment resulted in gross sates increases of $40,482 for the banana plant crop, and $108,054 for the first banana ratoon, with an additional water and energy cost of only $2,388. The net income for the plant crop and first banana ratoon irrigated according to a pan factor of 1.0 was estimated to be $51,780 and $163,500, respectively, in a 20 hectare banana plantation. There were no significant differences in the number of plantain fruits in irrigated plants when pan factors ranged from 0.75 to 1.25. However, irrigating plantains according to a pan factor of 1.25 significantly increased bunch yield and fruit weight. This article presents a detailed economic analysis of all the operational costs involved in the establishment and management of a banana plantation on the southern coast of Puerto Rico. RP GOENAGA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUERTO RICO AGR EXP STA PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PUBLICATIONS SECTION VENEZUELA BRANCH, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00927 SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 27 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA RY315 UT WOS:A1995RY31500002 ER PT J AU MCROBERTS, RE MECH, LD PETERSON, RO AF MCROBERTS, RE MECH, LD PETERSON, RO TI THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF CONSECUTIVE WINTERS SNOW DEPTH ON MOOSE AND DEER POPULATIONS - A DEFENSE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Note DE DEER; MOOSE; POPULATION; SNOW; WOLF AB 1. L. D. Mech et al. presented evidence that moose Alces alces and deer Odocoileus virginianus population parameters are influenced by a cumulative effect of three winters' snow depth. They postulated that snow depth affects adult ungulates cumulatively from winter to winter and results in measurable offspring effects after the third winter. 2. F. Messier challenged those findings and claimed that the population parameters studied were instead affected by ungulate density and wolf indexes. 3. This paper refutes Messier's claims by demonstrating that his results were an artifact of two methodological errors. The first was that, in his main analyses, Messier used only the first previous winter's snow depth rather than the sum of the previous three winters' snow depth, which was the primary point of Mech et al. Secondly, Messier smoothed the ungulate population data, which removed 22-51% of the variability from the raw data. 4. When we repeated Messier's analyses on the raw data and using the sum of the previous three winter's snow depth, his findings did not hold up. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US NATL BIOL SURVEY,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 64 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.2307/5834 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QA143 UT WOS:A1995QA14300013 ER PT J AU SHORT, RE STAIGMILLER, RB BELLOWS, RA FORD, SP AF SHORT, RE STAIGMILLER, RB BELLOWS, RA FORD, SP TI ENDOCRINE RESPONSES IN COWS FED PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLES AND THE EFFECTS OF STRESS, CORPUS-LUTEUM REGRESSION, PROGESTIN, AND KETOPROFEN SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; PINUS PONDEROSA; PINE NEEDLES; ABORTION; STRESS; HORMONES ID CATTLE; SECRETION; PREGNANCY; ABORTION; INVITRO; INVIVO AB Pregnant cows were fed pine needles (PN, 2 kg.cow(-1).d(-1)) mixed with the diet to determine factors that affect abortion response. In Exp. I, treatments were used to determine the effects of experimental stress and pelleting of pine needles. Pelleting needles and experimental stress delayed abortion response (P < .01). Stress-induced delay was associated with abnormal patterns of progesterone and cortisol (P < .01). In Exp. 2A and 2B, the role of the corpus luteum (CL) in abortion response to PN consumption was investigated by regressing the CL with prostaglandin F-2 alpha. Regression of the CL and PN feeding reduced interval to parturition, but the effect of PN feeding was less when the CL was regressed (PN x CL, P < .01). The progesterone increase in response to experimental stress was decreased by CL regression (P < .01). In Exp. 3, melengestrol acetate (MGA) was fed (0, 2, or 4 mg.cow(-1).d(-1)) in addition to PN. Parturition was blocked more effectively as dose of MGA increased (P = .075), but only parturition was blocked rather than the effects of PN. In Exp. 4, CL regression was blocked by feeding ketoprofen. Ketoprofen delayed response to PN, but the effect was only temporary (P < .01). Our conclusions are that 1) experimental stress delays abortion response to PN by increased concentrations of progesterone, 2) pelleting PN decreases their abortifacient activity, and 3) abortions caused by PN can be blocked by feeding a progestin or a prostaglandin inhibitor, but these compounds do not block the primary abortifacient effects of PN. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RP SHORT, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,RT 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1 BP 198 EP 205 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QB219 UT WOS:A1995QB21900024 PM 7601734 ER PT J AU TANIGUCHI, K HUNTINGTON, GB GLENN, BP AF TANIGUCHI, K HUNTINGTON, GB GLENN, BP TI NET NUTRIENT FLUX BY VISCERAL TISSUES FO BEEF STEERS GIVEN ABOMASAL AND RUMINAL INFUSIONS OF CASEIN AND STARCH SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; STARCH; CASEIN; VISCERA; NUTRIENT UPTAKE ID PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; INTESTINAL DISAPPEARANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ORCHARDGRASS SILAGE; FED ALFALFA; BLOOD-FLOW; ABSORPTION; DIGESTION AB The objective of this study was to quantify changes of net nutrient metabolism by portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of four beef steers (253 +/- 7 kg) in response to combinations of ruminal (R) or abomasal (A) infusions of cornstarch (S) and casein (C). The four treatments in a Latin square design were SACA, SACR, SRCA, and SRCR. Steers were fed alfalfa hay (DMI = 4 kg/d) as a basal diet in 12 equal meals delivered every 2 h and they received continuous infusion of S (800 g/d) and C (200 g/d) in 11-d periods. Digestibilities of DM, N, NDF, and starch, ruminal outflow of liquids and DM, and energy and N retention were less (P < .05) for SA than for SR. Net ammonia and glucose release from PDV were greater (P < .01) for SA than for SR. Net total VFA, acetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate release from PDV and total splanchnic acetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate release were greater (P < .05) for SR than for SA, but starch infusion site had no effect (P > .10) on net urea N transfer or alpha-amino N release by PDV. Net release of ammonia N, propionate, and total VFA by PDV and uptake of urea N by PDV were greater for CR than for CA, but net alpha-amino N release by PDV and total splanchnic tissues were greater for CA than for CR (P < .05). Summation of energy supply by PDV indicated no difference in total supply among the treatments,but relative contribution of energy sources was affected by infusion site. Energy release by PDV per unit of DE intake was .68 and .66 for SA and SR, respectively. Net release of glucose by PDV was greater for SACA than for SACR (P < .05). These results suggest that site of digestion of starch and casein varies the relative contribution of nutrients to energy supply by visceral tissues and therefore varies N use in beef steers. C1 HIROSHIMA UNIV,FAC APPL BIOL SCI,HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. USDA ARS,NUTR CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 41 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1 BP 236 EP 249 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QB219 UT WOS:A1995QB21900029 PM 7601740 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA HARIKKHAN, R AF MOATS, WA HARIKKHAN, R TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS IN MILK - A MULTIRESIDUE APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CLEANUP; BENZYLPENICILLIN AB In the United States, testing of all milk for residues of beta-lactam antibiotics is now mandatory, Although a number of screening tests for determination of beta-lactam antibiotic residues have been proposed, few reference methods of the required sensitivity (<10 ppb) are available, Methods for determination of several beta-lactam antibiotics using an automated liquid chromatography (LC) cleanup have been described recently. This paper describes the integration of these methods into a single extraction and cleanup procedure. Milk was deproteinized with 0.2M Et(4)NCl and acetonitrile, The resulting filtrate was evaporated to about 1 mL, made to 4 mL, and filtered through a disposable filter cartridge, For cleanup, 2 mL filtrate was loaded onto a bonded C-18 LC column in 0.01M KH2PO4 (A) and eluted with an acetonitrile (B) gradient using a program of 100 A:0 B (0-3 min) to 60 A:40 B (30 min), The beta-lactams were concentrated into narrow bands and separated from each other. A fraction corresponding to each compound of interest was collected and rechromatographed for analysis, The procedure has been applied successfully to determination of ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephapirin, penicillin G, penicillin V, ceftiofur, and cloxacillin. In principle it can be applied to the determination of any beta-lactam antibiotic or metabolite thereof by collecting the appropriate fractions. RP MOATS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 78 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QG945 UT WOS:A1995QG94500010 PM 7703727 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF AF ROSS, PF TI VETERINARY ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 78 IS 1 BP 194 EP 195 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QG945 UT WOS:A1995QG94500066 ER PT J AU de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Lancaster, VA AF de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Lancaster, VA TI A short test evaluating larval attractiveness of honey bees to Varroa jacobsoni SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE honey bees; Apis mellifera carnica; larvae; attractivenes; Varroa jacobsoni; resistance; grafting; host parasite relationships AB A controlled experiment which utilized a larval transfer (grafting) technique was used to evaluate attractiveness of larvae from four different stocks of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to Varroa jacobsoni. The stocks of honey bees were: ARS-Y-C-1 (A. m. carnica, from Yugoslavia), Hastings (A. m. carnica, from Canada), an F-1 hybrid between ARS-Y-C-1 and Hastings, and a Louisiana stock. Newly hatched larvae (target larvae) from each test stock were grafted into an area at the centre of a brood frame occupying 8 rows of 20 cells (160 cells). After larval transfer, each brood frame containing target larvae was introduced into a Varroa-infested colony. Inspection of the frames 2 weeks later showed that ARS-Y-C-1 pupae were less frequently infested than Hastings and Louisiana pupae (20% vs. 36% and 40%), while the infestation rate of the hybrids was intermediate (29%). The stocks did not differ in other parameters of Varroa infestation (mite load per infested pupa, number of females per infested pupa, number of progeny per female, number of progeny per infested pupa, and proportion of infested cells containing infertile females). The results indicate that larvae of the ARS-Y-C-1 stock, which has been selected for resistance to V jacobsoni, are less attractive to female mites than the larvae of some other honey bee stocks. C1 ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Stat Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP de Guzman, LI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1995 VL 34 IS 2 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V3013 UT WOS:000169109800006 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Martin, JH AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Martin, JH TI Does a honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony's foraging population on male-fertile sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) affect the amount of pollen on nestmates foraging on male-steriles? SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pollination; non-corbicular pollen; honey bees; Apis mellifera; sunflower; Helianthus annuus; non-Apis bees AB The relationship between a honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony's foraging population on male-fertile (MF) sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) and the amount of sunflower pollen on the bodies of nestmates both in the hive (free-running bees), and departing the hive (departing bees) was determined. There was not a significant relationship between the size of a colony's foraging population on MF sunflowers and the amount of sunflower pollen on the bodies of free-running or departing bees. Departing and free-running bees had considerably less pollen on their bodies than foragers in male-sterile (MS) rows. Pollen-free worker honey bees forced to forage on MS capitula (forced foragers) in rows next to (MS-1) and six rows away from MF plants (MS-7) obtained amounts of sunflower pollen on their bodies comparable to that counted on foragers randomly sampled in those rows. The distribution of pollen on the bodies of forced and random foragers in both MS rows was similar. Honey bees (and perhaps other bees) that forage on MS plants apparently obtain much of the sunflower pollen on their bodies from previously-visited MS capitula. Therefore, most foragers do not need to visit MF capitula first or acquire sunflower pollen in the hive from nestmate contacts to pollinate MS sunflowers. C1 ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V3014 UT WOS:000169109900001 ER PT J AU Daly, HV Danka, RG Hoelmer, K Rinderer, TE Buco, SM AF Daly, HV Danka, RG Hoelmer, K Rinderer, TE Buco, SM TI Honey bee morphometrics: linearity of variables with respect to body size and classification tested with European worker bees reared by varying ratios of nurse bees SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE European honey bees; Africanized honey bees; worker honey bees; nurse honey bees; Apis mellifera; morphometrics; size; nutritional stress; principal component analysis; identification AB The effects of nutritional stress on body size of worker honey bees and their morphometrics were examined, and morphometrics of stressed bees were compared with the morphometrics of large reference populations of European and Africanized honey bees. Workers from European queens (4 commercial queens from California plus 2 open stock queens and 2 feral queens from Louisiana) were reared with 4 ratios of nurse bees:eggs: 0.5:1, 1:1, 5:1, and 100:1. Measurements of 25 morphometric variables were taken from each of 32 samples of usually ten bees per sample. Raw measurements of stressed bees were analysed separately by analysis of variance and multiple range tests. The treatments resulted in different phenotypes irrespective of the queen or her geographic origin. Workers reared at ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1;and 5:1 were consistently smaller than workers reared at 100:1. Based on the size of the workers reared at 0.5:1, the initial ratio was apparently altered by the nurse bees, who probably destroyed eggs or larvae, to yield a ratio close to 5:1. This homeostatic behaviour under stress produced adult bees closer to normal size. Principal component analysis showed that 11 of 14 variables involving distance measurements were highly related to the first principal or general size component (PC1) in both stressed and normal bees. Such variables, when standardized, had consistent linear regressions on PC1. Evidence of curvilinear regression among size-related variables was inconsistent and limited to three instances, each involving less than 1% of variance. The correlations of size-related variables with PC1 for European, Africanized, and stressed bees had a similar pattern but the correlations often differed in magnitude. The slopes of linear regression for most size-related variables of European and Africanized bees were the same. Africanized bees, however, were not simply scaled reductions of the larger European bees, but exhibited differences among most size-related variables in Y intercepts. The induced variation in morphometrics of stressed European bees simulated some features of the covariation observed in normal European and Africanized bees, but differences existed in the magnitudes of correlations, and slopes and Y intercepts of most size-related variables with respect to PC1. Despite the small size of some stressed bees, classification of the abnormal phenotypes by current methods gave only 2 samples misidentified as Africanized. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Irrigated Desert Res Stn, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Plant Protect & Quarantine Phoenix Plant Methods, Brawley, CA 92227 USA. ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Stat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Daly, HV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 129 EP 145 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V3014 UT WOS:000169109900004 ER PT J AU DOOLITTLE, JA COLLINS, ME AF DOOLITTLE, JA COLLINS, ME TI USE OF SOIL INFORMATION TO DETERMINE APPLICATION OF GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS; FLORIDA; MICHIGAN AB Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been used as a pedologic tool in the United States since 1978. The National Cooperative Soil Survey Program has used GPR to assess properties of soils which affect their use, management, and classification. Principal uses have been to estimate the variability and taxonomic composition of soils, chart the lateral extent, and estimate the depth and thickness of soil horizons and geologic layers and to map and interpret soils. All soils are not equally suited to GPR techniques. Soil maps and taxonomic descriptions contained in published soil survey reports can be used to assess the suitability of soils and sites for GPR applications. In addition, the criteria used to define and classify the soil can be used to aid interpretations of radar imagery. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP DOOLITTLE, JA (reprint author), USDA,NRCS,CHESTER,PA 19013, USA. NR 30 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/0926-9851(94)00031-I PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA QN005 UT WOS:A1995QN00500011 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, GL HANSON, CL AF JOHNSON, GL HANSON, CL TI TOPOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES ON PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY OVER A MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; MULTIVARIATE GEOSTATISTICS; UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL; CLIMATE; TERRAIN; REGIONALIZATION; INTERPOLATION; SIMULATION AB Using rotated principal component analysis (PCA), unique, orthogonal spatial patterns of daily and monthly precipitation on a well-instrumented, mountainous watershed in Idaho are examined for their relationship to topography, geographic location, and atmospheric variability. Precipitation pattern and homogeneous precipitation region differences between daily and monthly timescales and between winter and summer seasons were identified using the rotated PCA procedure. In general, monthly data produced regional boundaries more closely aligned with topography, reflecting the integration of many storm events on monthly timescales. Spatial fields, derived from mapping rotated component loadings at 46 precipitation stations on a 234-km(2) watershed, were found to be highly correlated with topography and geographic location. The eight-year time series of the components for specific watershed regions were found to be moderately related to linear combinations of meteorological variables derived from a single radiosonde station approximately 50 km from the waterhed. This would indicate the potential usefulness of data from a single location, such as a general circulation model grid point, to provide clues about spatial pattern changes and regional precipitation fluctuations even on a small watershed, if sufficient information about local climate (i.e., topographic influences) is first established. RP JOHNSON, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PL IV,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 34 IS 1 BP 68 EP 87 DI 10.1175/1520-0450-34.1.68 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QA498 UT WOS:A1995QA49800005 ER PT J AU RYAN, FJ COLEY, CR KAY, SH AF RYAN, FJ COLEY, CR KAY, SH TI COEXISTENCE OF MONOECIOUS AND DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA IN LAKE GASTON, NORTH-CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BIOTYPE; ELECTROPHORESIS; GROWTH HABIT; RAPD; TUBER PROTEINS ID VERTICILLATA; POLYMORPHISMS; RESPONSES AB Biotypes of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) at two sites in North Carolina were characterized by growth habit and flower type under controlled conditions, patterns of tuber proteins after electrophoresis, and reaction of DNAs with a single primer in the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) reaction. Plants from Burnt Mill Creek in Wilmington, in the southeastern part of the state, were dioecious by all criteria. Plants of both the monoecious and dioecious biotype were found in Lake Gaston, at the Virginia-North Carolina border. This is the first report of the presence of plants of both biotypes in a single body of water. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP RYAN, FJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED LAB,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,WEED SCI PROGRAM,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QP517 UT WOS:A1995QP51700003 ER PT J AU Dix, ME Jennings, DT AF Dix, ME Jennings, DT TI Predation by Misumenops asperatus (Araneae, Thomisidae) on the metallic pitch nodule moth, Retinia metallica (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Dix, ME (reprint author), NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP 207 EP 208 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TM432 UT WOS:A1995TM43200012 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Barros, TM AF Aldrich, JR Barros, TM TI Chemical attraction of male crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) and kleptoparasitic flies (Diptera, Milichiidae and Chloropidae) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; XYSTICUS; ECOLOGY RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,AGR RES CTR,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP 212 EP 214 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TM432 UT WOS:A1995TM43200014 ER PT J AU DOWD, MK FRENCH, AD REILLY, PJ AF DOWD, MK FRENCH, AD REILLY, PJ TI MOLECULAR MECHANICS MODELING OF ALPHA-(1-]2)-LINKED, ALPHA-(1-]3)-LINKED, AND ALPHA-(1-]6)-LINKED MANNOSYL DISACCHARIDES WITH MM3(92) SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIIth International Carbohydrate Symposium CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL OTTAWA, CANADA ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; ANOMERIC FORMS; RECONCILIATION; HYDROCARBONS; PROTEINS; EQUATION; DYNAMICS AB MM3(92) was used to study the conformational flexibility of alpha-(1-->2), alpha-(1-->3), and alpha-(1-->6)-linked mannosyl dimers. Mannosyl rings were allowed to relax, and several sets of exo-cyclic orientations were included in the study. Two- and three-dimensional Ramachandran energy representations are similar to those for glucosyl dimers with related linkages. Crystal structures lie in low-energy regions of the maps near local minima. Our results are compared with those presented earlier based on other modeling methods. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM ENGN, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP DOWD, MK (reprint author), USDA, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0732-8303 EI 1532-2327 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4-5 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.1080/07328309508005360 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RC198 UT WOS:A1995RC19800012 ER PT J AU YUNOVITZ, H GROSS, KC AF YUNOVITZ, H GROSS, KC TI DEOXYMANNOJIRIMYCIN INHIBITS DE-NOVO SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX N-GLYCANS AND DELAYS TOMATO FRUIT RIPENING SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIIth International Carbohydrate Symposium CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL OTTAWA, CANADA AB Unconjugated N-glycans (UNGs) of the high mannosyl-type extracted from tomato fruit delay ripening of fruit pericarp discs by 2 days when applied exogenously. Since the amount of high mannosyl-type UNGs decreases while the amount of complex-type UNGs increases during early ripening, we postulated that high mannosyl UNGs are converted to complex-type by Golgi enzymes to relieve inhibition of ripening-inhibition by the high mannosyl-type UNGs. In this paper, we investigated the effect of deoxymannojirimycin, an inhibitor of mannosidase I involved in complex N-glycan synthesis. Deoxymannojirimycin, applied to pericarp discs, both inhibited synthesis of complex-type N-glycans and delayed ripening, supporting our hypothesis on modulation of tomato ripening by UNGs. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4-5 BP 653 EP 657 DI 10.1080/07328309508005366 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RC198 UT WOS:A1995RC19800018 ER PT J AU EGGLESTON, G VERCELLOTTI, JR EDYE, L CLARKE, MA AF EGGLESTON, G VERCELLOTTI, JR EDYE, L CLARKE, MA TI BEHAVIOR OF WATER STRUCTURE-BREAKING AND STRUCTURE-ENHANCING SOLUTES ON THE THERMAL-DEGRADATION OF CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS OF SUCROSE SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note C1 SUGAR PROC RES INST INC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. RP EGGLESTON, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1995 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1035 EP 1042 DI 10.1080/07328309508005395 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RP995 UT WOS:A1995RP99500012 ER PT J AU KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR SMITH, JC AF KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR SMITH, JC TI LUTEIN, LYCOPENE, AND THEIR OXIDATIVE METABOLITES IN CHEMOPREVENTION OF CANCER SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cancer Chemopreventive Agents - Drug Development Status and Future Prospects CY OCT 18-22, 1994 CL PRINCETON, NJ SP NCI DE ANTIOXIDANTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CAROTENOID OXIDATION; HUMAN STUDIES; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; ZEAXANTHIN ID FATTY-ACID ESTERS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN PLASMA; GREEN VEGETABLES; SQUASH PRODUCTS; CAROTENOIDS; SEPARATION; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION; EXTRACTS AB Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consuming large quantities of fruits and vegetables reduces the risk for several types of human cancers. Carotenoids are abundant in fruits and vegetables and have been extensively studied as cancer preventive agents. A proposed mechanism of action for the protective effect of carotenoids against cancer is based on their antioxidant capability. Recently, we have isolated and characterized 14 new carotenoids, including seven metabolites from the extracts of: human serum/plasma. This brings the total number of identified blood carotenoids to 21. Lutein and lycopene, abundant in most fruits and vegetables as well as human serum, have been shown to possess strong antioxidant capability. Among the metabolites of lutein, four result from oxidation and two from non-enzymatic dehydration. The metabolite of lycopene has been identified as 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6 -dihydrolycopene, which apparently results from oxidation of lycopene to an intermediate, lycopene epoxide. This intermediate may undergo metabolic reduction to form the lycopene metabolite. Although in vi ao oxidation of lutein to its metabolites has been demonstrated based on data obtained from two human studies, in vivo oxidation of lycopene to its metabolite has not yet been established. Recent preliminary studies involving healthy subjects ingesting purified lutein and zeaxanthin (a dietary dihydroxycarotenoid isomeric to lutein) are presented. We propose a possible antioxidant mechanism of action for lutein and lycopene that leads to formation of the oxidation products of these promising chemopreventive agents. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BARC E,BLDG 161 E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 20 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 1995 SU 22 BP 236 EP 246 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA RQ210 UT WOS:A1995RQ21000030 ER PT J AU TEAL, PEA OOSTENDORP, A AF TEAL, PEA OOSTENDORP, A TI PRODUCTION OF PHEROMONE BY HAIRPENCIL GLANDS OF MALES OBTAINED FROM INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAIRPENCILS; SEX PHEROMONE; HELIOTHIS; AUTOSOMES; SEX CHROMOSOMES ID SEX-PHEROMONE; F LEPIDOPTERA; BEHAVIOR AB Pheromone produced by the hairpencil glands of interspecific hybrid- and backcross-generation males from crosses between Heliothis virescens (F.) with H. subflexa (Gn.) was studied. Males of reciprocal F-1 hybrids, all of which had hairpencil glands morphologically similar to those of H. virescens, produced neither the same pheromone blend nor amounts of pheromone that were produced by males of H. virescens. Instead, these hybrid males produced pheromone that was quantitatively and qualitatively similar to that produced by H. subflexa. Hairpencil gland extracts from males obtained from backcrossing F-1 females of either cross to males of H. subflexa were the same as those of H. subflexa. However, extracts from backcross males of crosses between F-1 females and H. virescens were variable. Some extracts from these backcross males were like those of H. virescens while others were either like H. subflexa or were intermediate between those of the parent species. These results showed that the production of pheromone by the hairpencil glands of hybrid and backcross males is under the dominant regulation of autosomal genes of the H. subflexa genome. RP TEAL, PEA (reprint author), USDA,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1007/BF02033662 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QQ920 UT WOS:A1995QQ92000005 PM 24233567 ER PT J AU WARTHEN, JD SCHMIDT, WF DOOLITTLE, RE CUNNINGHAM, RT AF WARTHEN, JD SCHMIDT, WF DOOLITTLE, RE CUNNINGHAM, RT TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OBSERVATIONS OF TRANS-TRIMEDLURE ENANTIOMERS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CERATITUS CAPITATA; MEDFLY; TRIMEDLURE; ENANTIOMER; ATTRACTANT; LURE; SAR; VDW; CHEM-X ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; ISOMERS; ATTRACTION AB tert-Butyl 4- (and 5-) chloro-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate (TML), a mixture of four major trans and four minor cis isomers, is used as an attractant for detecting and monitoring the male Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The eight isomers (racemic mixtures) were isolated by HPLC, and their relative attractiveness in the field was determined. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) was proposed that related a molecular measurement (Angstrom(3)) of the TML structure to male medfly captures. More recently, the trans-TML enantiomers were synthesized in sufficient quantities for field testing. This paper reports the computer-aided molecular modeling, via Chem-X, of the trans-TML enantiomers and the staggered and superimposed fitting with the most attractive isomer, (1S,2S,4R)-TML-C, to determine common volumes and surface areas from Van der Waals (VdW) maps. Observations of structure-activity relationships (SAR) are reported for the staggered fittings. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP WARTHEN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1007/BF02033663 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QQ920 UT WOS:A1995QQ92000006 PM 24233568 ER PT J AU DOSS, RP PROEBSTING, WM POTTER, SW CLEMENT, SL AF DOSS, RP PROEBSTING, WM POTTER, SW CLEMENT, SL TI RESPONSE OF NP MUTANT OF PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM L) TO PEA WEEVIL (BRUCHUS-PISORUM L) OVIPOSITION AND EXTRACTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRUCHUS BRACHIALIS; BRUCHUS PISORUM; COLEOPTERA; BRUCHIDAE; NEOPLASTIC PODS; PISUM SATIVUM; RESISTANCE ID COLEOPTERA; BRUCHIDAE AB The Np mutant of pea (Pisum sativum L.) is characterized by two physiological responses: growth of callus under pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L., Coleoptera: Bruchidae) oviposition on pods, and formation of neoplastic callus on pods of indoor-grown plants. Although these two responses are conditioned by Np, they are anatomically and physiologically distinguishable, based on sites of origin, distribution pattern, and sensitivity to plant hormones. Further characterization of the response to extracts of pea weevil showed that response of excised pods, measured by callus formation, was log-linear, and treatment with as little as 10(-4) weevil equivalents produced a detectable response. Mated and unmated females contained similar amounts of callus-inducing compound(s), and immature females contained significantly less of the compound(s). Female vetch bruchids (Bruchus brachialis F., Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a related species, contained callus-inducing compound(s), but usually less than pea weevils on a per weevil basis. Males of both species contained less than 10% of the activity of the mature females. Extracts of female black vine weevils, a nonbruchid species, did not stimulate callus formation. Based on partitioning and TLC analysis, the biologically active constituent(s) was stable and nonpolar. Thus, the Np allele probably conditions sensitivity to a nonpolar component of pea weevil oviposition as a mechanism of resistance to the weevil. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1007/BF02033665 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QQ920 UT WOS:A1995QQ92000008 PM 24233570 ER PT J AU FRANKLIN, ST YOUNG, JW HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA NONNECKE, BJ AF FRANKLIN, ST YOUNG, JW HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA NONNECKE, BJ TI ADMINISTRATION OF 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID TO DAIRY-CATTLE .1. PLASMA RETINOID CONCENTRATIONS AND LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENESIS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-A; RETINOIC ACID; BOVINE IMMUNE RESPONSE ID VITAMIN-A; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; BETA-CAROTENE; DRY PERIOD; PERFORMANCE; RATS AB Effects of administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid on concentrations in plasma of retinoic acid isomers, retinol, and beta-carotene and on in vitro mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were evaluated in Holstein cattle. Treatments consisted of i.m. injections of 0 (vehicle only), 100, 200, or 400 mg of 13-cis-retinoic acids in dimethylsulfoxide for 7 d. Concentrations of 13-cis- and all-trans-retinoic acids in plasma and in mononuclear leukocytes were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid. Treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid, however, had no effect on concentrations of retinol and beta-carotene in plasma. In vitro DNA synthesis in unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated mononuclear leukocyte cultures was unaffected by in vivo administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid. In contrast, in vitro supplementation of unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated mononuclear leukocyte cultures with 13-cis-retinoic acid inhibited DNA synthesis relative to unsupplemented cultures. In conclusion, elevated plasma and intracellular concentrations of 13-cis-and all-trans-retinoic acids produced by repeated i.m. administrations of 13-cis-retinoic acid did not affect peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte function, as measured by the in vitro blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,NUTR PHYSIOL GRP,AMES,IA 50011. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JAN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76616-4 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA QF426 UT WOS:A1995QF42600008 PM 7738260 ER PT J AU FRANKLIN, ST YOUNG, JW HORST, RL NONNECKE, BJ AF FRANKLIN, ST YOUNG, JW HORST, RL NONNECKE, BJ TI ADMINISTRATION OF 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID TO DAIRY-CATTLE .2. PHENOTYPE OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES AND PRODUCTION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RETINOIC ACID; BOVINE LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; B-CELL; VITAMIN-A ID CAROTENE CHALLENGE INVITRO; BOVINE VITAMIN-A; RETINOIC ACID; BETA-CAROTENE; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; LACTATIONAL STATUS; DRY PERIOD; LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA; MILK AB Eight Holstein dairy cattle were assigned randomly to treatments in three replicate experiments evaluating the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid on mononuclear leukocyte function. Treatments were i.m. injections of 0 (vehicle only), 100, 200, or 400 mg/d of 13-cis-retinoic acid in dimethylsulfoxide for 7 consecutive d. Peripheral blood was collected before treatment and periodically for 18 d after initiation of treatments. Parameters measured were IgM production in vitro by blood lymphocytes, serum Ig concentrations, and the phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid had no effect on in vitro Ig production induced by poke-weed mitogen; however, supplementation of the same cultures with 13-cis-retinoic acid enhanced production of polyclonal IgM. Serum Ig concentrations and total numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes and numbers within mononuclear leukocyte subsets were unaffected by treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Experimentally induced elevations in the concentrations of serum and intracellular retinoic acids did not affect mononuclear leukocyte function in vivo. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,NUTR PHYSIOL GRP,AMES,IA 50011. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JAN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76617-6 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA QF426 UT WOS:A1995QF42600009 PM 7738261 ER PT J AU ELSASSER, TH CAPERNA, TJ RUMSEY, TS AF ELSASSER, TH CAPERNA, TJ RUMSEY, TS TI ENDOTOXIN ADMINISTRATION DECREASES PLASMA INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR (IGF)-I AND IGF-BINDING PROTEIN-2 IN ANGUS X HEREFORD STEERS INDEPENDENT OF CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL INTAKE SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SOMATOMEDIN-C; FACTOR-I; HORMONE; CACHECTIN; INJURY; CALVES; SEPSIS; SERUM; METABOLISM AB Endotoxemia and sepsis cause severe shifts in metabolism towards catabolic events. The objective of the research was to determine whether endotoxin administration changes plasma concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in Angus x Hereford steers. In Experiment 1, mean feed intake in endotoxin-treated steers (n=6) decreased 60% within the first 24 h after endotoxin and averaged, for the duration of the 96 h test period, an intake 35.5% lower than the mean nd libitum intake recorded prior to endotoxin. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I averaged 182 ng/ml in steers before endotoxin (E. coli, 055:B5, 0.2 mu g/kg, i.v. bolus) and decreased an average of 24.2% at 24 to 96 h after endotoxin. In Experiment 2, a paired feeding strategy was used to determine whether the reduced feed intake was a significant factor in changing plasma concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 after endotoxin challenge. Steers were divided into endotoxin (0.2 mu g/kg, i.v., n = 6) or control (saline, i.v., n = 3) treatments. Each of three endotoxin-treated steers was paired to a specific control. In this fashion, the adjusted feed intake of each endotoxin-treated steer was fed to it's paired control every 24 h through 96 h after endotoxin. After endotoxin, plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and cortisol peaked at one and three hours, respectively. TNF returned to baseline by 8 h while cortisol returned to baseline by 24 h. Feed intake declined 60% at 24 h in endotoxin-treated steers but returned to normal by 96 h. Plasma IGF-I remained more than 28% lower in endotoxin-treated steers than in control steers through 96 h (P<0.05). IGFBP-2 was 61% lower in endotoxin-treated than control steers at 24 h (P<0.05) and gradually returned to normal levels by 96 h. The level and duration of feed offered pair-fed control steers did not affect any measured parameter. The data suggest that decreases in plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-2 which occur after endotoxin administration are not fully explained by transient changes in nutrient intake and may constitute a part of the mechanism underlying shifts in metabolism that accompany endotoxemia. The partitioning of IGFs to tissues by altered patterns of IGFBPs may be another mechanism through which the classical anabolic character of IGF-I is modified during acute disease stress. RP ELSASSER, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 144 IS 1 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1440109 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QC731 UT WOS:A1995QC73100014 PM 7534326 ER PT J AU PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW AF PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW TI SURVIVORSHIP AND CANNIBALISM IN LYCTOCORIS-CAMPESTRIS (HEMIPTERA, ANTHOCORIDAE) - EFFECTS OF DENSITY, PREY AVAILABILITY, AND TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STORED GRAIN; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CANNIBALISM; SURVIVORSHIP; PREDATION ID HETEROPTERA; PREDATION AB Availability of prey was an important factor for cannibalism in Lyctocoris campestris (F.). Cannibalistic predation in L. campestris nymphs was density dependent irrespective of prey level or space provided. Mean adult longevity varied under different prey, water, and temperature regimes. Adults survived for more than 2 wks when no prey or free water was provided, and survivorship increased slightly when bugs had access to free water. Females survived longer than males (P = 0.03) when only water was provided. Under a no-prey regime, lower rearing temperatures yielded significantly higher adult survivorship. Lyctocoris campestris adults survived for 23.5 d without prey or water at 17 degrees C. The cannibalstic predation among nymphs and the ability of adults to survive for an extended period of time without prey or water may enable bug populations to persist until prey populations rebound in a stored-product ecosystem. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,STORED PROD INSECTS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG922 UT WOS:A1995QG92200001 ER PT J AU HAACK, RA LAWRENCE, RK AF HAACK, RA LAWRENCE, RK TI ATTACK DENSITIES OF TOMICUS-PINIPERDA AND IPS-PINI (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) ON SCOTCH PINE LOGS IN MICHIGAN IN RELATION TO FELLING DATE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IPS PINI; TOMICUS PINIPERDA; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; BARK BEETLE; SCOTCH PINE; PINUS SYLUESTRIS; ATTACK DENSITY; MICHIGAN; NORTH AMERICA ID BEETLE AB Established populations of an exotic bark beetle, the larger pine shoot beetle [Tomicus piniperda (L.)], were first reported in Ohio in July 1992. Subsequent surveys through July 1994 have found T. piniperda in six states in the United States and in one Canadian Province in the Great Lakes region. One-meter-long trunk sections were cut from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees felled from February through July 1993 in a forested site in southern Michigan, laid horizontally, allowed to undergo natural attack by bark beetles and associates, and later dissected. In southern Michigan in 1993, T. piniperda initiated spring flight in late March; the pine engraver [Ips pini (Say)], a native pine bark beetle, initiated spring flight about one month later in late April. Tomicus piniperda attacks (galleries) were found in logs cut during February through May. Attack densities of T. piniperda were highest in February-cut logs, and declined with subsequent felling dates. The highest T. piniperda attack density recorded for an entire log section was 263 attacks/m(2) of bark area on one of the February-cut logs. Ips pini attack densities tended to increase with later felling dates. When I. pini attacked logs that had already been colonized by T. piniperda, I. pini galleries were mostly found on the upper log surface. When I. pini attacked logs with few or no T. piniperda, I. pini galleries were found on all log surfaces. By initiating spring flight several weeks before I. pini, T. piniperda is able to colonize much of the susceptible pine material and thereby may lower I. pini populations. RP HAACK, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG922 UT WOS:A1995QG92200003 ER PT J AU FARRAR, RR RIDGWAY, RL AF FARRAR, RR RIDGWAY, RL TI ENHANCEMENT OF ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER AGAINST 4 LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECT PESTS BY NUTRIENT-BASED PHAGOSTIMULANTS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA; PHAGOSTIMULANT; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ID BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; FIELD-EVALUATION; FORMULATIONS; ENDOTOXINS; PYRALIDAE; GROWTH AB To help improve control of insect pests with microbial insecticides, we investigated the interactions of four commercial, nutrient-based phagostimulants (Pheast [AgriSense], Coax [CCT Corp.], Gusto [Atochem North America, Inc.], and Entice [Custom Chemicides] with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and four lepidopterous insect posts (gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar [L.] [Lymantriidae]; corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea [Boddie] [Noctuidae]; European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis [Hubner] [Pyralidae]; and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella [L.] [Plutellidae]). Comparisons were made of treated foliage in Petri dishes in the laboratory and of sprayed whole plants in a greenhouse. In general, phagostimulants increased mortality of all species tested, but no consistent differences among phagostimulants were found for any species. Food consumption was generally lower on the treatments that contained phagostimulants causing the highest rates of mortality, possibly as a result of more rapid ingestion of a lethal dose on these treatments. Reduced rates of feeding by insects on treatments with B. thuringiensis alone were seen, probably due in part to intoxication and, possibly, to behavioral effects as well. Indications of potentially significant interactions between host plants and both B. thuringiensis and phagostimulants also were seen. RP FARRAR, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG922 UT WOS:A1995QG92200004 ER PT J AU NUESSLY, GS PERRING, TM AF NUESSLY, GS PERRING, TM TI INFLUENCE OF ENDOSULFAN ON BEMISIA-TABACI (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) POPULATIONS, PARASITISM, AND LETTUCE INFECTIOUS YELLOWS VIRUS IN LATE-SUMMER PLANTED CANTALOUPE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SWEET POTATO WHITEFLY; ERETMOCERUS SP NEAR CALIFORNICUS; SAMPLING; CUCUMIS MELO; PARASITISM ID WHITEFLY-BORNE VIRUSES AB Studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of endosulfan in reducing the incidence of lettuce infectious Bellows virus (LIYV) in late-summer planted cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., through reduction of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), densities. Counts of B. tabaci adults and immatures and of a native parasitoid of B. tabaci, Eretmocerus sp. near californicus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were lower in treated plots than those in untreated plots for the duration of the trial. Despite lower populations of B. tabaci, LIYV was not significantly different between treatments, reaching 48% in treated and 40% in untreated plots. B. tabaci emigrated out of treated plots which may have contributed to the spread of LIYV. Sooty mold growth on fruit contaminated with B. tabaci-produced honeydew was present on only 0.4% of the melons in treated plots, but on 29% of the melons in the untreated plots. B. tabaci population dynamics on cantaloupe is discussed with regard to control strategies and LIYV epidemiology. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG922 UT WOS:A1995QG92200006 ER PT J AU YONCE, CE HORTON, DL OKIE, WE AF YONCE, CE HORTON, DL OKIE, WE TI SPRING MIGRATION, REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR, MONITORING PROCEDURES, AND HOST PREFERENCE OF PLUM CURCULIO (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON PRUNUS SPECIES IN CENTRAL GEORGIA SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIOR; MONITORING; FEEDING; MATING; OVIPOSITION; PRUNUS; CONOTRACHELUS NENUPHAR ID ORCHARD; QUEBEC AB Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), enroute from hibernating sites in the woods were first recovered from plum trees at 95% full bloom. First mating occurred as early as 95% full bloom and no later than 90% petal fall. Most matings occurred during April when the adult population was highest. Fruit injury (feeding and oviposition) was greater on plum than on peach or other Prunus species. Little feeding and/or oviposition was recorded on fruit of Prunus japonica Thunb. in field nursery plots. However, when P. japonica fruit was picked, brought into the laboratory, put in cups with laboratory-reared plum curculio, the weevils fed and oviposited as well as on other Prunus species fruit. First field brood emergence was detected when most collected adult females (16 of 18) were virgin during 26 May - 1 June 1991. The 7-day period was indicative of a new generation because newly-emerged females were sexually immature for approximately 7 days. Prior to and after that 7-day emergence period, most females were mated. Various monitoring methods were evaluated which included green sticky balls, pitfall traps, sticky trunk bands, boil weevil traps, and tree jarring. Tree jarring was the best method for monitoring plum curculio. RP YONCE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,111 DUNBAR RD,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG922 UT WOS:A1995QG92200009 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR BUCHMANN, SL HAGLER, DA AF HAGLER, JR BUCHMANN, SL HAGLER, DA TI A SIMPLE METHOD TO QUANTIFY DOT BLOTS FOR PREDATOR GUT CONTENT ANALYSES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE DOT BLOTTING; ELISA; QUANTIFICATION; METHODS; PREDATION; FIELD APPLICATION; DENSITOMETER RP HAGLER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG922 UT WOS:A1995QG92200011 ER PT J AU RATCLIFFE, RH CAMPBELL, TA AF RATCLIFFE, RH CAMPBELL, TA TI SELECTION WITHIN WILD TURKISH ALFALFA GERMPLASM FOR AFALFA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) RESISTANCE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA WEEVIL; ALFALFA; OVIPOSITION ANTIXENOSIS; PLANT RESISTANCE AB In 1981, alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., germplasm was collected in Central and Eastern Turkey to provide a new source to screen for alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), resistance. This collection was evaluated at Beltsville in two stages, starting with primitive Turkish cultivars and concluding with wild alfalfas. Approximately 80,000 plants of the germplasm line B36 were screened as seedlings for resistance to neonate larvae,and 107 plants that were least defoliated by larval feeding were vegetatively increased and evaluated further for larval and adult feeding antixenosis. Five of the 107 selections demonstrated feeding antixenosis to larvae and/or adults and were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) less defoliated by feeding than 'Ranger' alfalfa. Larval and adult survival on the 107 clones did not differ significantly from that on 'Ranger'. The five selections demonstrating feeding antixenosis were tested further for oviposition antixenosis. Oviposition was significantly less (P less than or equal to 0.05) on three of the five selections than on 'Ranger' when adults were confined on plants for 5 d. There was no significant correlation between stem diameter and oviposition rate, indicating that factors influencing oviposition antixenosis may be related to biochemical rather than morphological differences among alfalfa selections in this germplasm. C1 USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 120 EP 129 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG922 UT WOS:A1995QG92200014 ER PT J AU NEGRON, JF CLARKE, SR AF NEGRON, JF CLARKE, SR TI SCALE INSECT OUTBREAKS ASSOCIATED WITH NEW PYRETHROIDS IN A LOBLOLLY-PINE SEED ORCHARD SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CHIONASPIS HETEROPHYLLAE; PSEUDOPHILIPPIA QUAINTANCII; TOUMEYELLA PINI; TOUMEYELLA PARVICORNIS; ORACELLA ACUTA; PINUS TAEDA; BIFENTHRIN; FLUVALINATE; ESFENVALERATE C1 US FOREST SERV,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG922 UT WOS:A1995QG92200017 ER PT J AU THISTLE, HW MURRAY, DR RATTE, MR CARROLL, MR AF THISTLE, HW MURRAY, DR RATTE, MR CARROLL, MR TI ATMOSPHERIC TRACER CONCENTRATIONS FROM ELEVATED SOURCE IN URBAN CORE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BUILDING WAKE DISPERSION; WIND-TUNNEL; SMOKE DISPERSION; VIDEO IMAGES; FIELD AB An understanding of building wake effects is critical to the correct simulation of near-field dispersion of air pollutants that can be entrained in the wake cavity. Downwash of effluent plumes from elevated sources due to building wake effects can raise atmospheric concentrations of the effluent gas near ground level close to the source. Maximum observed ground level concentrations can be due to downwash under certain circumstances. In this field experiment 51 SF6 samplers were deployed to measure the near-field tracer concentrations due to an elevated point source of heated effluent under stable to neutral atmospheric conditions in an urban core. Over 2,000 hourly samples were collected and analyzed. Isopleths of SF6 hourly concentrations indicate a complicated relationship between concentration and the individual and aggregate position, as well as between concentration and the geometry of surrounding obstacles. C1 TRC ENVIR CORP,WINDSOR,CT 06095. MINNEAPOLIS ENERGY CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55404. RP THISTLE, HW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,MTDC,BLDG 1,FT MISSOULA,MISSOULA,MT 59801, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1995 VL 121 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:1(5) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PY550 UT WOS:A1995PY55000002 ER PT J AU THISTLE, HW MURRAY, DR RATTE, MR CARROLL, MR AF THISTLE, HW MURRAY, DR RATTE, MR CARROLL, MR TI OBSERVED DOWNWASH CONCENTRATIONS COMPARED TO ISCST PREDICTIONS IN URBAN CORE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BUILDINGS AB An atmospheric tracer (SF6) was released from an industrial stack in an urban core during nocturnal neutral to stable atmospheric conditions in an effort to determine the dispersive characteristics and the atmospheric transport of stack effluent under these conditions. Tracer concentration data are compared to predictions made by the Environmental Protection Agency's Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST) model. ISCST is the regulatory air-pollution model typically recommended in situations where structure-induced plume downwash is a possibility. Under the meteorological conditions and stack parameters sampled in the present study, the downwash algorithm causes the ISCST model to overpredict surface concentrations below 3.5 m/s or below a wind speed/exit velocity (u/V-e) ratio of 0.25. Model performance was better in neutral than in stable atmospheric conditions. The stack effluent temperature was >450 degrees K, and the model overprediction may be due in part to the treatment of thermal buoyancy in the model treatment of building wake downwash. C1 TRC ENVIR CORP,WINDSOR,CT 06095. MINNEAPOLIS ENERGY CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55404. RP THISTLE, HW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,MTDC,BLDG 1,FT MISSOULA,MISSOULA,MT 59801, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1995 VL 121 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:1(16) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PY550 UT WOS:A1995PY55000003 ER PT J AU GASTON, LA LOCKE, MA AF GASTON, LA LOCKE, MA TI ORGANIC-CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONEMNT - FLUOMETURON SORPTION AND TRANSPORT IN DUNDEE SOIL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; ADSORPTION-DESORPTION; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; POROUS-MEDIA; MODEL; KINETICS; EQUILIBRIUM; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; DIFFUSION AB The mobility of a synthetic organic compound in soil is affected by degradation and sorption reactions. Sorption is often a nonequilibrium process, leading to greater mobility and increased potential for contamination of shallow groundwater. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to examine sorption kinetics of the herbicide fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]urea] in Dundee silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Aeric Ochraqualfs), a common soil in the Mississippi Delta. Batch experiments indicated sorption equilibrium was achieved by 72 h contact time. Other data suggested little degradation of fluometuron within this time. The approach to equilibrium was characterized by an initially very rapid reaction, followed by a slower rate of sorption. This behavior could be equally well described by either a nonlinear two-site equilibrium/kinetic or equilibrium/diffusion model. Reaction parameters determined from the batch experiments were further validated by use in a transport model to predict fluometuron movement in this soil. Within parameter uncertainty, the two-site equilibrium/kinetic model gave accurate predictions of fluometuron mobility. Explicitly modeling time-dependent sorption as a diffusion process offered minor improvement in transport predictions. RP GASTON, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100003 ER PT J AU JAYNES, DB NOVAK, JM MOORMAN, TB CAMBARDELLA, CA AF JAYNES, DB NOVAK, JM MOORMAN, TB CAMBARDELLA, CA TI ESTIMATING HERBICIDE PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ADSORPTION; ATRAZINE; SORPTION; SOILS AB A potential method for reducing pesticide leaching is to base application rates on the leaching potential of a specific chemical and soil combination. However, leaching is determined in part by the partitioning of the chemical between the soil and soil solution, which varies across a field. Standard methods of measuring the pesticide-soil partitioning coefficient (K-d) are too expensive and slow for routine held mapping. Therefore, alternative methods for mapping K-d must be found if variable application methods are to be successful. We investigated the use of noncontacting electromagnetic induction measurements as surrogate measures of K-d. We measured the partition coefficient for atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), apparent electrical conductivity by electromagnetic induction (E(m)), and mass fraction of soil organic carbon (f(oc)) on a 250 by 250 m grid with a 25 m spacing. Both K-d and f(oc) were lognormally distributed, while E(m) was poorly described by either a normal or lognormal distribution. Maps of the measured parameters showed similar spatial patterns, having low values on well-drained soils and high values on poorly drained soils. Correlation coefficients between K-d and E(m) and K-d and f(oc) were 0.575 and 0.685, and showed distinct spatial patterns. Spatial structure as indicated by correlograms indicated that each parameter was spatially dependent to distances of about 80 m. Simple relationships of K-d = 176 f(oc) and K-d = exp(0.0336 E(m)) were found between the data. Maps of K-d estimated from f(oc) or E(m) were similar to measured K-d, but more diffuse. Electromagnetic induction measurements failed to predict the observed high K-d values. The advantage of using E(m) measurements to map K-d is that it is a rapid, easy, and inexpensive method once it has been calibrated. C1 USDA ARS,CTR COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES,FLORENCE,SC 29502. RP JAYNES, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 25 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100004 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, JS SHARPLEY, AN AF ROBINSON, JS SHARPLEY, AN TI RELEASE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM POULTRY LITTER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; QUALITY; RUNOFF; LAKES AB In areas of intensive poultry production, large amounts of litter produced are often applied as fertilizer to local agricultural land. To assess the agronomic and water quality implications of poultry litter applications, we quantified the effects of recurring, simulated rainfall (5 x 50-min rainfalls of 2.54 cm h(-1)) alternated with different drying temperatures (4, 20, 30, and 35 degrees C for 1 h) on the release of dissolved N and dissolved P from two types of poultry litter (pine bark shavings-and wheat straw-based). Amounts of litter leached were equivalent to a 10 Mg ha(-1) application, containing an average of 360 kg N ha(-1) and 158 kg P ha(-1). A total of 74 kg ha(-1) NH4-N, which accounted for >95% of the dissolved N, and 14 kg ha(-1) inorganic P were released by the end of five rainfalls (averaged for the two types of poultry litter, and for all drying temperatures). Although the pattern of N and P release from litter was similar for all drying periods, the magnitude of losses was a function of drying temperature. The average portion of total N present in the litters released as NH4-N during five rainfalls decreased from 22% for litter dried at 4 degrees C to 18% for litter dried at 35 degrees C. This decrease was attributed to an increase in N volatilization at the higher temperature. Conversely, the portion of litter P released as dissolved inorganic P, increased from 8% at 4 degrees C to 10% at 35 degrees C. Thus, the influence of drying temperature on the release of N and P should be considered when determining the optimum timing of poultry litter application. It is suggested that the timing of poultry Litter application should coincide with active periods of crop growth to combine maximum agronomic productivity with minimum edge-of-field losses of N and P to surface and groundwaters. As much as 60% of the N and 40% of the P released during the five rainfalls was lost during the first rainfall. This initial rapid N and P release stresses the importance of avoiding litter applications during periods of heavy rainfall. C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP ROBINSON, JS (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL SCI,106 NEWELL HALL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100008 ER PT J AU WEED, DAJ KANWAR, RS STOLTENBERG, DE PFEIFFER, RL AF WEED, DAJ KANWAR, RS STOLTENBERG, DE PFEIFFER, RL TI DISSIPATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF HERBICIDES IN THE SOIL-PROFILE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PREFERENTIAL MOVEMENT; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; TILLAGE; PERSISTENCE; GROUNDWATER; PESTICIDES; CYANAZINE AB The distribution and dissipation of alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide], atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5 triazine), and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] in soil were studied in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Crop management practices included four tillage methods-chisel plow, moldboard plow, no-till, and ridge-till-and two crop rotations-continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. All herbicides were broadcast-spray applied with no incorporation. No-till plots had the smallest amounts of alachlor and metribuzin, whereas ridge-till plots had the smallest amounts of atrazine. Moldboard-plow plots usually contained the highest amounts of all three herbicides, although ridge-till plots had the highest metribuzin levels in 1992. These differences were seldom significant at the 0.05 level of probability, however. Throughout the growing season, 50 to 84% of the alachlor and metribuzin were retained in the top 10-cm layer of soil, and at least 68% of the atrazine was retained in the top 20 cm. From 84 to 98% of the herbicide applied was lost each year, probably by microbial degradation and, for alachlor, by volatilization after application. First-order half-lives were 36 d for alachlor, 55 d for atrazine, and 32 d for metribuzin. A two-compartment model better fitting the alachlor data returned a half-life of 24 d for that herbicide. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP WEED, DAJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENG,DAVIDSON HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 68 EP 79 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100009 ER PT J AU MCNEAL, BL STANLEY, CD GRAHAM, WD GILREATH, PR DOWNEY, D CREIGHTON, JF AF MCNEAL, BL STANLEY, CD GRAHAM, WD GILREATH, PR DOWNEY, D CREIGHTON, JF TI NUTRIENT-LOSS TRENDS FOR VEGETABLE AND CITRUS FIELDS IN WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA .1. NITRATE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Vegetable and citrus production in west-central Florida is reportedly of considerable eutrophication hazard to local groundwater and surface-water bodies, including a 33 000-ha drinking-water supply reservoir (Lake Manatee) near the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Nitrate-N levels were assessed for three vegetable-production seasons during 1990 and 1991 using a combination of multilevel samplers into the shallow (surficial) aquifer beneath selected vegetable fields and citrus groves, coupled with piezometric wells around each field's periphery to assess direction and rate of groundwater flow. The NO3-N concentrations beneath vegetable sites showed sizeable spikes (up to 130 mg L(-1) NO3-N), especially early in the season and at season's end, though almost exclusively at <1-m depth. These concentrations did not persist, however, with the overwhelming majority of samples from most vegetable sites evidencing NO3-N concentrations below 1 mg L(-1). At citrus sites from the same area, NO3-N concentrations in the surficial water table (located 2-4 m below the soil surface in this case) have evidenced high (20-40 mg NO3-N L(-1)) and persistent levels throughout the entire sampling period. This zone of NO3-N enrichment commonly extends 2 to 3 m into the surficial aquifer before NO3-N concentrations decline to <10 mg L(-1) once more. Rates of lateral movement off-site averaged 20 to 40 m yr(-1) for the vegetable sites and 200 to 400 m yr(-1) for the more undulating citrus sites. It is postulated that gaseous dentrification losses naturally remediate the periodic spikes in NO3-N concentrations beneath the vegetable sites because of the high water tables maintained at such locations, whereas denitrification In the deep sands beneath typical citrus sites proceeds much more slowly due to such limitations as a soluble-C energy source and/or a suitable microbial population. The results have implication with respect to shallow water table vs. deeply rooted crop-production systems from the same geographic area, wherever such pairings may occur. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,GULF COAST RES & EDUC CTR,BRADENTON,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,MANATEE CO COOP EXT OFF,PALMETTO,FL. USDA SCS,PALMETTO,FL. RP MCNEAL, BL (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100012 ER PT J AU STANLEY, CD MCNEAL, BL GILREATH, PR CREIGHTON, JF GRAHAM, WD ALVERIO, G AF STANLEY, CD MCNEAL, BL GILREATH, PR CREIGHTON, JF GRAHAM, WD ALVERIO, G TI NUTRIENT-LOSS TRENDS FOR VEGETABLE AND CITRUS FIELDS IN WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA .2. PHOSPHATE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Vegetable and citrus production in west-central Florida has come under suspicion as a hazard (with respect to NO3-N and ortho-P) to local groundwater and surface-water bodies, including a 33 000-ha drinking-water supply reservoir near Bradenton in Manatee County. Using a combination of multilevel samplers in the shallow (surficial) aquifer beneath selected vegetable fields and citrus groves, coupled with piezometric wells around each field's periphery to assess depth-integrated solute concentrations and direction and rate of groundwater flow, ortho-P levels have been assessed at 10 sites for three vegetable-production seasons during 1990 and 1998. Some ortho-P movement from vegetable production beds to surface waters and shallow groundwater appears likely, but ortho-P concentrations also are elevated at a native range site that has not received P fertilizers, and in both man-made and natural surface-water retention ponds plus nearby intermittent streams throughout the area. Naturally occurring phosphatic clays appear to be introducing considerable P into local shallow groundwater and associated surface-water bodies. Regulatory strategies requiring sizeable retention ponds for tailwater-return flow capture may be contributing to P loadings of the surface water, whenever pond construction intercepts phosphatic clay materials. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,MANATEE CO COOP EXT OFF,PALMETTO,FL. UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA SCS,PALMETTO,FL. RP STANLEY, CD (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,GULF COAST RES & EDUC CTR,5007 60TH ST E,BRADENTON,FL 34203, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100013 ER PT J AU SHREVE, BR MOORE, PA DANIEL, TC EDWARDS, DR MILLER, DM AF SHREVE, BR MOORE, PA DANIEL, TC EDWARDS, DR MILLER, DM TI REDUCTION OF PHOSPHORUS IN RUNOFF FROM FIELD-APPLIED POULTRY LITTER USING CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA; SOIL; QUALITY; PLOTS AB Field applications of poultry litter at rates to meet forage N requirements normally result in an over-appiication of P. Chemical amendments have the potential to reduce the solubility of manure P through precipitation and/or adsorption reactions. This study was conducted to determine the effects of two chemical amendments, alum (Al-2 (SO4)(3).14H(2)O) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H(2)O), on P concentrations and load in runoff and to evaluate the effects of amended litter on forage production. Litter was broadcast applied to fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots at 11.2 Mg ha(-1) alone and in combination with alum or ferrous sulfate (1:5 amendment/litter). Rainfall simulators were used to produce three runoff events at 2, 9, and 16 d after litter application. Alum reduced the P concentrations in runoff by 87 and 63% of that from litter alone for the first and second runoff events, respectively, whereas ferrous sulfate decreased runoff P concentration by 77 and 48%, respectively. Both chemical amendments resulted in significant reductions (P < 0.05) in total P load for the first runoff event. Litter application significantly increased fescue yields, with total forage yield having the greatest response to alum-amended litter. Mean forage yield with alum amended litter was 2358 kg ha(-1), compared with a mean yield of 1847 kg ha(-1) with litter alone. This was probably due to decreased NH3 volatilization with the alum treatment. The combination of decreased P loss and increased forage yields suggest that alum-amended Litter has substantial promise for use as an environmental and economic management tool in the poultry industry. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP SHREVE, BR (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 45 TC 159 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100014 ER PT J AU STEPHENSON, SL STUDLAR, SM MCQUATTIE, CJ EDWARDS, PJ AF STEPHENSON, SL STUDLAR, SM MCQUATTIE, CJ EDWARDS, PJ TI EFFECTS OF ACIDIFICATION ON BRYOPHYTE COMMUNITIES IN WEST-VIRGINIA MOUNTAIN STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC LIVERWORT SCAPANIA; HEAVY-METALS; RHYNCHOSTEGIUM-RIPARIOIDES; WATER CHEMISTRY; NORTH-AMERICA; ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION; MOSS; ALBERTA; SHOOTS AB Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) are often more responsive to water chemistry changes than are vascular plants. In this study, the relationships of bryophyte communities to stream pH and water chemistry were studied, using six streams on or near the Fernow Experimental Forest in Tucker County, West Virginia. Streams were surveyed with line transects using stratified random sampling. Bryophyte communities, based on species composition and structure, fell into three groups, corresponding to basic, moderately acidic, and very acidic stream water. For streams with sandstone beds, species diversity declined with decreasing pH, and no bryophytes were present at pH 3.15. The dominant species in moderately acidic to highly acidic streams is Scapania undulata, a species found to have exceptional tolerance to high acidity and toxic metal levels in Europe and Japan. Scapania undulata was transplanted from a stream with a pH of 5.97 to one with a pH of 3.15. In 3 mo, ultrastructural damage was observed. Acidity (pH) probably was not the only factor involved in controlling species composition and cell ultrastructure, since the two most acidic streams are subject to acid mine drainage and have very high concentrations of dissolved solids, particularly SO4 and Al. Other trace metals commonly associated with acidic surface waters also may have contributed to the differences in species composition. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. US FOREST SERV,DELAWARE,OH 43015. US FOREST SERV,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287. RP STEPHENSON, SL (reprint author), FAIRMONT STATE COLL,DEPT BIOL,FAIRMONT,WV 26554, USA. NR 78 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 116 EP 125 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100016 ER PT J AU WU, L BAKER, JM ALLMARAS, RR AF WU, L BAKER, JM ALLMARAS, RR TI NUMERICAL AND FIELD-EVALUATION OF SOIL-WATER SAMPLED BY SUCTION LYSIMETERS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC CUPS; EXTRACTION AB Porous cup suction-lysimeters are widely used for extracting soil water in solute transport monitoring, but It is not clear how the sampled concentration can change with the ambient solute concentration, or with applied suction inside the lysimeter. This research was designed to numerically evaluate soil water sampled by suction lysimeters and to test simulation results with field observations. An axisymmetric three-dimensional finite element model (SWMS_2D) was used to simulate soil water sampled by suction lysimeters in a Zimmerman fine sand (mixed, frigid Argic Udipsamments). To test the simulated results, KBr was uniformly spread on the soil surface. After 183 mm rainfall, suction was applied to the lysimeters (with ceramic cups at a depth of 0.8 m) to withdraw soil water; soil column samples were also removed from the surrounding soil and sectioned to determine solute concentration in situ using a bromide electrode. Simulation showed that when there is a concentrated solute band near a porous cup, as can occur with banded fertilizers, the concentration of sampled soil water in the lysimeter is considerably higher than the resident concentration in the soil at the same depth. The influence of a concentrated solute band on the concentration of sampled soil water decreased as the distance to the cup increased. Variations in applied suction (25, 35, and 45 kPa) appear to have little influeuce on the amount and concentration of field lysimeter extracted soil water. The measured amount of water in the lysimeter (78.4 mL) was comparatively more than the simulated amount (53.9 mL) when the mean water content of nine soil columns was used as an initial condition for the simulation, but was within the range of simulated amounts (32.5-91.5 mL) when the lower and upper 95% limits of the measured soil-water content profiles were used as initial conditions for the simulations. Measured Br- concentration of the sampled water (3.13 x 10(-4) M) was lower than the simulated concentration (4.66 x 10(-4) M) when the geometric means of each layer from the nine soil column Br- concentrations were used as the initial conditions. The difference between measured and simulated concentration may have been due to variability in soil hydraulic properties. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP WU, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA071 UT WOS:A1995QA07100020 ER PT J AU CORWIN, DL AF CORWIN, DL TI SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE LAYER EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL FOR THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL LEACHING OF SOLUTES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL-MODEL; WATER-UPTAKE; SOILS; TRANSPORT AB Simulated solute concentration profiles in soils are affected by inherent model limitations and by estimation and experimental errors in input parameter values. Sensitivity analysis can help investigators rank the relative importance of these errors, and focus on those parameters that have the greatest affect on profile estimates. A sensitivity analysis is presented for the simple layer-equilibrium model Trace Element Transport (acronym TETrans). The sensitivity of the output to changes in the following physical, chemical and biological input parameters is shown: chemical adsorption coefficients (i.e., Langmuir afffinity coefficient and Langmuir adsorption maximum), mobility coefficient (a term specific to TETrans which represents the fraction of soil water which is displaced strictly by piston-type Bow), field capacity water content, minimum water content (i.e., the water content at the wilting point), bulk density, maximum root penetration depth and root water uptake distribution. In addition, sensitivity to the soil layer thickness, and to the initial and boundary conditions is presented. Sensitivity of the simulated output to a given parameter was determined by two approaches: (1) by setting all other parameters to their mean value and letting the selected parameter vary by one standard deviation above and below its mean value and (2) by setting all other parameters to their mean value and letting the selected parameter vary by a fixed percentage of the mean (i.e., +5% of the mean). The mean values are determined from measured values taken from a soil lysimeter column study. Results show that the simulated output over a fixed range of input parameter values for a reactive solute are most sensitive to the adsorption parameters and the bulk density; less sensitive to the maximum root penetration depth, the field capacity and the mobility coefficient; and least sensitive to the plant root water uptake distribution and the minimum water content. For input parameters ranging from plus-or-minus one standard deviation of their mean measured value, TETrans is most sensitive to the Langmuir affinity coefficient and the mobility coefficient; less sensitive to the Langmuir adsorption maximum, the bulk density, and the field capacity; and least sensitive to the minimum water content. RP CORWIN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subt. Control PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 201 EP 238 PG 38 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QE559 UT WOS:A1995QE55900017 ER PT J AU BEACH, ED FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J HUANG, WY URI, ND AF BEACH, ED FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J HUANG, WY URI, ND TI THE POTENTIAL RISKS OF GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE-WATER CONTAMINATION BY AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS USED IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article AB This study identifies those agricultural chemicals used in vegetable production in Arizona, Florida, Michigan, and Texas that are potential contaminants of groundwater and surface water which, in turn, pose risks to human health. Arizona and Florida are more likely to have nitrate leaching problems than Michigan or Texas. The potential for pesticide leaching is relatively high in Arizona head lettuce production and Michigan asparagus production but only moderate in Florida tomato production and Texas watermelon production. The potential for soil-adsorbed runoff and solution runoff in Arizona head lettuce, Florida tomatoes, and Michigan asparagus production is low to moderate. The potential for these sorts of losses in Texas watermelon production is relatively high. Vegetable production around Phoenix, Arizona, in southeast Texas, and in the entire state of Florida is located such that groundwater aquifers which supply drinking water are vulnerable to contamination. RP BEACH, ED (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE,ROOM 1124 NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subt. Control PY 1995 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1295 EP 1325 PG 31 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ702 UT WOS:A1995RJ70200011 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RM PEPPERMAN, AB AF JOHNSON, RM PEPPERMAN, AB TI MOBILITY OF ATRAZINE FROM ALGINATE CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDES; GROUNDWATER; LEACHING; LINSEED OIL ID NONPOINT-SOURCE CONTAMINATION; STARCH-ENCAPSULATED ATRAZINE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HERBICIDES; METRIBUZIN; TRANSPORT AB Controlled release (CR) formulations can significantly influence the fate of herbicides in the environment. The influence of alginate-encapsulated CR formulations on the mobility of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in two soil profiles was investigated. Two CR formulations were evaluated based on Na-alginate (1%), kaolin (10%) and Tween 20 (0.5%). The first formulation (CR-Oil) was prepared with linseed oil (4%) and the second formulation (CR-N) did not have oil. These formulations were compared to technical grade (TG) atrazine and to a commercial liquid (CL) formulation (Aatrex 4L). Formulations labeled with C-14 were applied to packed sail columns containing a surface and a subsoil horizon. The columns were then leached with 3-cm of 0.01 M CaCl2 per day at a rate of 1.5 cm hr(-1) for a period of ten days. At the termination of the experiment the columns were sectioned in 5-cm increments and extracted with MeOH. Leachate samples and extracts were analyzed by liquid scintillation (LS) techniques. The leaching potential of atrazine decreased with the CR formulations. For the CL treatment, the total amounts of C-14 leached were 83 and 129% for the Ochlocknee and Evesboro soils, respectively. This is compared to 57 and 94% for the TG treatment. The CR-Oil leached 9.8 and 19% of the applied C-14, compared to 3 and 9% for the CRF-N formulation. Averaged across soils the ranking of formulations, in terms of percent C-14 leached was: CL (106%) > TG (76%) > CRF-Oil (14%) > CRF-N (6%). CR formulations also increased the amount of C-14 and parent atrazine retained in the soil surface horizon (58-93%), compared to TG (4.7-5.6%) and CL (2.1-3.6%) treatments. RP JOHNSON, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 27 EP 47 DI 10.1080/03601239509372926 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QE557 UT WOS:A1995QE55700002 ER PT J AU MONKIEDJE, A ENGLANDE, AJ WALL, JH AF MONKIEDJE, A ENGLANDE, AJ WALL, JH TI ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PHYTOLACCA-DODECANDRA (ENDOD-S) AND NICLOSAMIDE UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE ENDOD-S; PHYTOLACCA DODECANDRA; NICLOSAMIDE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; FATE IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS; PERSISTENCE ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; WATER AB The fate of Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod-S) and Niclosamide in aquatic systems was investigated both under laboratory and field conditions. Endod-S was observed more soluble in water (12,937.7 mg/l @ 30 degrees C) than Niclosamide (19.4 mg/l @ 30 degrees C). The octanol/water partition coefficients (K-ow) of Endod-S and Niclosamide were 0.165 and 5.880x10(4) respectively. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that the Freundlich parameters (K, n) for Endod-S were 1.60x10(-6) and 0.43 respectively for powdered activated carbon (PAC), and 3.69x10(-12) and 0.24 respectively for silt loam soil. Similar parameters for Niclosamide were 0.02 and 4.93 respectively for PAC, and 9.85x10(-5) and 2.81 respectively for the same soil. The adsorption coefficient (K-oc) for Endod-S and Niclosamide was 1.60x10(-6) and 0.02 respectively for PAC, and 1.62x10(-10) and 4.34x10(-3) respectively for silt loam soil. Hydrolysis of both molluscicides occurred in distilled water buffered at pH above 7. No photolysis of Endod-S and Niclosamide was observed in water after exposure to longwave UV light for 4 hr. Similarly, neither chemical volatilized from water following 5 hr of sample aeration. Under field conditions, Endod-S persisted in ponds for 4 to 5 days, and Niclosamide for over 14 days. The half-lives of Endod-S and Niclosamide were 1.51 and 3.40 days respectively. C1 TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP MONKIEDJE, A (reprint author), UNIV YAOUNDE 1,FAC SCI,DEPT ANIM BIOL & PHYSIOL,GEN BIOL LAB,POB 812,YAOUNDE,CAMEROON. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 73 EP 94 DI 10.1080/03601239509372928 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QE557 UT WOS:A1995QE55700004 ER PT J AU MOJASEVIC, M HELLING, CS AF MOJASEVIC, M HELLING, CS TI USE OF MULTIRESIDUE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE PESTICIDE MOBILITY ON SOIL TLC PLATES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE PESTICIDES; SOIL TLC; MULTIRESIDUE GC ANALYSIS ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A micro-extraction technique combined with GC/NPD was developed in order to estimate relative mobility of seven co-applied pesticides (alachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, cyanazine, ethoprop, metolachlor, and metribuzin) on soil TLC plates. A comparative study with C-14-labeled pesticides and autoradiography showed good agreement between the two techniques for determining the frontal or center R(f) values on a silty clay soil. The results also showed that mobility of any one pesticide was not affected by the presence of the other co-applied chemicals. C1 USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MOJASEVIC, M (reprint author), UNIV BELGRADE,FAC AGR,YU-11081 ZEMUN,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1080/03601239509372932 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QL810 UT WOS:A1995QL81000002 ER PT J AU DAVIS, JG BURGOA, B AF DAVIS, JG BURGOA, B TI RUNOFF AND LEACHING OF CROP NUTRIENTS FROM SOIL IN TILTED BEDS AS INFLUENCED BY 3 RATES OF DAIRY LAGOON EFFLUENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE MANURE; NUTRIENTS; RUNOFF; LEACHING ID PHOSPHORUS AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of lagoon effluent application on losses of crop nutrients in runoff and leaching solutions. Tilted beds, packed with Fuquay sand and equipped with runoff and leachate collection funnels, were utilized, Lagoon effluent was applied at three rates. Simulated rainfall (5 cm h(-1)) was applied for two hours, and runoff and leachate were collected. Increasing effluent application rate led to increased NO3-N leaching, decreased PO4-P runoff, and increased Mg leaching. The highest application rate resulted in buildup of P and K in soil, but N losses exceeded applied amounts at ail application rates. We propose that as effluent application rate increased, the large K concentration in the effluent exchanged wi th soil Ca and Mg on exchange sites, leading to increased Ca and Mg concentrations in soil solution, Increased Mg concentration in soil solution led to increased Mg leaching. However, the Ca2+ ion probably formed the ion pair CaHPO4 degrees with phosphate from the effluent, and readsorbed to soil colloids as an ion pair. thus diminishing P runoff. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP DAVIS, JG (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 243 EP 264 DI 10.1080/03601239509372937 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QL810 UT WOS:A1995QL81000007 ER PT J AU PRENDERGAST, BF YENDOL, WG MACZUGA, S REARDON, RC MCLANE, WH MILLER, DR MCANENEY, MP AF PRENDERGAST, BF YENDOL, WG MACZUGA, S REARDON, RC MCLANE, WH MILLER, DR MCANENEY, MP TI DIFLUBENZURON RESIDUE AND PERSISTENCE ON AN OAK FOREST AFTER AERIAL APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE DIFLUBENZURON; AERIAL APPLICATION; DIMILIN 25W ID ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; APPALACHIAN FOREST; DEGRADATION; DIMILIN AB A twenty hectare forest block in central Pennsylvania was aerially sprayed with diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25W(R)) at the dose of 33.23g A.I./ha in 9.4 litres/ha. Leaf samples were collected from the upper and lower canopies of 27 oaks and understory within this block on the day of spray, May 29, 1991. Canopy leaves were also collected on May 31, June 10, July 29 and September 26, 1991. Recovery of diflubenzuron residues on fortified canopy-leaf and litter-leaf samples using analytical techniques employed in this study averaged 87.4% (SE = 7.5%) and 66.2% (SE = 8.2%), respectively. On the day of spray, diflubenzuron residues on the upper canopy, lower canopy and understory averaged 81.18, 39.65 and 8.35 ng/cm(2), respectively. Diflubenzuron residues on canopy-leaf samples collected 2, 12, 61 and 120 days post-spray averaged 14.83 (SE = 10.19), 16.75 (SE = 9.95), 12.84 (SE = 8.25) and 11.20 (SE = 7.52) ng/cm(2), respectively. Diflubenzuron residues on litter-leaf samples collected after leaf senescence - 169 and 323 days post spray contained measurable amounts of diflubenzuron in 51 and 59% of the samples, respectively. Of the samples with measurable amounts of diflubenzuron, residues averaged 1.36 (SE = 2.44) and 0.65 ng/cm(2) (SE = 0.73) respectively. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,PESTICIDE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. US FOREST SERV,NATL CTR FOREST HLTH MANAGEMENT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PPQ,OTIS AFB,MA 02542. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 359 EP 376 DI 10.1080/03601239509372943 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ160 UT WOS:A1995QZ16000005 ER PT J AU YANG, X BALIGAR, VC MARTENS, DC CLARK, RB AF YANG, X BALIGAR, VC MARTENS, DC CLARK, RB TI INFLUX, TRANSPORT AND ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM IN PLANT-SPECIES GROWN AT DIFFERENT CD2+ ACTIVITIES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE CD INFLUX; CD TRANSPORT; CD DISTRIBUTION; DRY MATTER YIELD; GROWTH RATE CONSTANT; PLANT SPECIES ID LETTUCE VARIETIES; SLUDGE; ZINC; SOIL; CHLORIDE; VULGARIS AB Cadmium (Cd) has no known essential biological function, but it is toxic to plants, animals, and humans. A promising approach to prevent Cd from entering the food chain would be to select and/or create Cd-accumulating plants to remediate contaminated soils or to develop Cd-excluding plants to reduce Cd flow from soils into foods. The present study was undertaken to examine the differences in Cd influx, transport, and accumulation among five plant species in relation to plant tolerance to Cd toxicity. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne I,.) had the least reduction in dry matter which may be due to its lowest Cd transport rate (TR) to shoots at all Cd levels among the plant species tested. White-clover (Trifolium repens L.) was the most sensitive species to Cd toxicity, likely because of its highest Cd influx rate (IR) and high TR when plants were grown at low Cd2+ activity (less than or equal to 8 mu M). The high tolerance of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) to moderate Cd toxicity (less than or equal to 14 mu M) appeared to be mainly due to the detoxification of Cd inside plant tissue since it recorded the highest TR and relatively high IR for Cd among the tested species. At Cd2+ activities up to 28 mu M, the Cd uptake ratios of shoot/root for ryegrass were, on average, about 50-fold and 27-fold lower than that for cabbage and maize (Zea mays L.), respectively. These results showed that Cd could be easily transported into shoots of cabbage and maize, but was mainly confined to roots of ryegrass. We suggest that influx and transport rates, especially transport rate, could be used as plant physiological parameters for screening Cd-excluding genotypes among monocotyledonous plants. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP YANG, X (reprint author), USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 569 EP 583 DI 10.1080/03601239509372954 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RD882 UT WOS:A1995RD88200009 ER PT J AU CLAY, SA KOSKINEN, WC BAKER, JM AF CLAY, SA KOSKINEN, WC BAKER, JM TI ALACHLOR AND METOLACHLOR MOVEMENT DURING WINTER AND EARLY SPRING AT 3 MIDWESTERN SITES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE MOVEMENT; HERBICIDE OVERWINTERING ID FIELD LYSIMETERS; PERSISTENCE; MOBILITY AB This study was undertaken to empirically assess alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] movement in soils during winter and early spring. Alachlor and metolachlor were applied to frozen soils in late November or early December at Rosemount, MN and Aurora and Beresford, SD. Soils were sampled in February, March, and April or May and dissected incrementally. Herbicides moved from the surface into the soil at each site. Herbicide redistribution was greatest at the last sampling date when alachlor was measured to 105 cm. Metolachlor was less mobile than alachlor with most remaining at or above the 15-cm depth. These data indicate that most herbicide leaching occurred during the spring with water supplied by snowmelt, the melting frost lens, or spring rains. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL WATER RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP CLAY, SA (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 637 EP 650 DI 10.1080/03601239509372958 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RT260 UT WOS:A1995RT26000004 ER PT J AU ZAGHMOUT, OMF OLIVER, MJ AF ZAGHMOUT, OMF OLIVER, MJ TI DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION OF ROOT-FORMATION IN WHEAT EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS-CULTURE BY INDOLEACETIC ACID-DEGRADING COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Note DE WHEAT; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; IAA-DEGRADING COMPOUNDS; INDOLEACETIC ACID; ROOT NUMBER AB Root overproduction in embryogenic calli of wheat cv. 'Chinese Spring' was controlled by the addition of IAA-degrading compounds (citric acid, MnSO4 or EDTA) to the culture media. In the presence of 20 g I-1 sucrose, the number of roots on calli decreased significantly when media for either callus maintenance or plant regeneration were amended with citric acid. EDTA was less effective in reducing the number of roots than citric acid. An increase in the amount of a 31 kDa (P1) polypeptide under conditions which favoured a reduction in root formation was observed. RP ZAGHMOUT, OMF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOX 215,ROUTE 3,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 46 IS 282 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1093/jxb/46.1.155 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QG991 UT WOS:A1995QG99100017 ER PT J AU VANDESKA, E KUZMANOVA, S JEFFRIES, TW AF VANDESKA, E KUZMANOVA, S JEFFRIES, TW TI XYLITOL FORMATION AND KEY ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN CANDIDA-BOIDINII UNDER DIFFERENT OXYGEN-TRANSFER RATES SO JOURNAL OF FERMENTATION AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Note DE XYLITOL; OXYGEN TRANSFER RATE; CANDIDA BOIDINII; D-XYLOSE REDUCTASE; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE ID D-XYLOSE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; PICHIA-STIPITIS; SHEHATAE; YEAST AB Under oxygen transfer rates (OTR), from 10 to 30 mmol . l(-1)h(-1), Candida boidinii NRRL Y-17213 exhibited both NADH and NADPH linked D-xylose reductase activities with the former being higher. Xylitol dehydrogenase was mainly NAD dependent. Maximum xylitol production was attained at OTR of 14 mmol l(-1)h(-1). Ethanol, glycerol and ribitol were also produced. A correlation between xylitol accumulation, oxygen availability and key enzyme activities was viewed. C1 FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53703. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 20 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC FERMENTATION BIOENGINEERING, JAPAN PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, 2-1 YAMADAOKA, SUITA, OSAKA 565, JAPAN SN 0922-338X J9 J FERMENT BIOENG JI J. Ferment. Bioeng. PY 1995 VL 80 IS 5 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1016/0922-338X(96)80929-9 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TJ438 UT WOS:A1995TJ43800016 ER PT J AU SCHWIMMER, S AF SCHWIMMER, S TI 51 YEARS OF FOOD-RELATED ENZYME RESEARCH - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BARLEY ROOTS; INHIBITOR; POTATO RP SCHWIMMER, S (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8884 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1995.tb00517.x PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA RZ112 UT WOS:A1995RZ11200002 ER PT J AU CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M CRAIG, JC WHITING, RC AF CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M CRAIG, JC WHITING, RC TI COMPUTER CONTROL OF A STEAM SURFACE PASTEURIZATION PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Note ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RESISTANCE AB Flash steam heating followed by evaporative cooling can be used to pasteurize only the surface of processed meat products. This paper describes a process control scheme used to determine the treatment rime in a pilot-scale pasteurization chamber. The control system used a model for microbial death to compute, in real-time, the treatment time required to give products that have a specified reduction in the bacterial population. The system was tested by treating frankfurters inoculated with a known population of bacteria. With low inoculum levels, the control system was shown to give products that had the specified reduction in the bacterial population, and only minimal changes in the product appearance. RP CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0260-8774(94)00002-Q PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA QK640 UT WOS:A1995QK64000010 ER PT J AU HERNANDEZ, E CHEN, CS JOHNSON, J CARTER, RD AF HERNANDEZ, E CHEN, CS JOHNSON, J CARTER, RD TI VISCOSITY CHANGES IN ORANGE JUICE AFTER ULTRAFILTRATION AND EVAPORATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Oral Sessions at the Conference of Food Engineering (CoFE 92)/1992 AIChE Summer Meeting CY AUG 09-12, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS ID FLOW PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE AB Suspended solids, including cloud and pectin, were removed from orange juice using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane (500 kDa). Orange juice serum had a clear amber color with no measurable turbidity. Regular and clarified orange juices were concentrated in a four stage, three effect TASTE (thermally accelerated short time evaporator) evaporator. The viscosity of the clarified juice was appreciably lower than that of regular juice, i.e. 15.55 mPa for serum and 164 mPa (at 100 s(-1)) for regular orange juice concentrate (65 degrees C, 66.5 degrees Brix). Flow behavior of orange juice serum tended to be Newtonian. Deviations from Arrhenius behavior were found for changes in viscosity of orange juice with temperature. Reduction in viscosity of orange juice increased heat transfer coefficients as reflected by the higher evaporation rates obtained for serum concentration. C1 USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881. UNIV FLORIDA,CREC,IFAS,LAKE ALFRED,FL. FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,LAKE ALFRED,FL. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1016/0260-8774(94)00013-Y PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA QU524 UT WOS:A1995QU52400006 ER PT J AU MILLER, RG TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET AF MILLER, RG TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET TI IMPROVED XLT4 AGAR - SMALL ADDITION OF PEPTONE TO PROMOTE STRONGER PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN-SULFIDE BY SALMONELLAE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; XLT4 AGAR; CHICKEN; PORK ID SAMPLES AB Xylose lysine tergitol(4) agar (XLT4) is a highly selective plating medium used for isolating salmonellae. Studies have shown that XLT4 increases the recovery of salmonellae found in food, environmental and clinical samples. Further testing demonstrated that the addition of low concentrations of proteose peptone No. 3 (pp3) to XLT4 produced blacker Salmonella colonies in shorter incubation times (increased hydrogen sulfide production), while still maintaining strong inhibition of competing bacteria. The increased black colony formation facilitates prompt recognition of the weaker hydrogen sulfide-producing Salmonella strains. Test concentrations of pp3 at 0.5, 1.2 and 1.8 gn were added to XLT4 and compared with plain XLT4 using pure bacterial cultures, In addition, these four plating media, plus xylose lysine desoxycholate agar(XLD) were evaluated using nonspiked chicken liver and pork sausage samples. The concentration of 1.2 gn of pp3 in XLT4 gave the best overall results. In virtually all cases, the Salmonella colonies were larger and more black than on plain XLT4 without pp3. The improved XLT4 is recommended for more reliable detection of salmonellae from food, environmental and clinical samples. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 58 IS 1 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA QJ673 UT WOS:A1995QJ67300021 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW BOYD, G FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L HAMPSON, JW AF THAYER, DW BOYD, G FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L HAMPSON, JW TI VARIATIONS IN RADIATION SENSITIVITY OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUSPENDING MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PATHOGENS; BACTERIA; RADIATION SENSITIVITY ID DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURES; SALMONELLA; MUSCLE; VACUUM; AIR AB Longissimus dorsi from beef, pork, and lamb and turkey breast and leg meats were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus, and the gamma radiation resistance of the pathogens were determined under identical conditions. At 5 degrees C the respective radiation D-values of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes did not vary with the suspending meat. The D-value for a mixture of Salmonella spp, was significantly lower on pork than on beef, lamb, turkey breast, and turkey leg meats. The D-value for S. aureus was significantly lower on lamb and mechanically deboned chicken meat than on the other meats. All values were, nevertheless, within expected ranges. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 34 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05607.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QG826 UT WOS:A1995QG82600015 ER PT J AU RAHARJO, S DEXTER, DR WORFEL, RC SOFOS, JN SOLOMON, MB SHULTS, GW SCHMIDT, GR AF RAHARJO, S DEXTER, DR WORFEL, RC SOFOS, JN SOLOMON, MB SHULTS, GW SCHMIDT, GR TI QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF RESTRUCTURED BEEF STEAKS MANUFACTURED BY VARIOUS TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RESTRUCTURED; BEEFSTEAK; LACTATE; ALGINATE; PECTATE ID SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE; STRUCTURED BEEF; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; CHUCK ROASTS; PORK STEAKS; STORAGE; STABILITY; ALGINATE; TURKEY; SALT AB Beef (9-11% fat) was restructured with each of six mechanical treatments including chunking, fiberizing, slicing, chunking + slicing, slicing + water, and tenderizing each in combination with addition of 0.5% sodium chloride (salt)/0.5% phosphate, 0.5% Na-alginate/0.5% Ca-lactate, 0.5% Na-pectate/0.5% Ca-lactate, or no additives (control). Beef steaks restructured with salt/phosphate had lower (P<0.05) purge losses, higher binding force and bind scores than control products. Steaks restructured with Na-alginate/Ca-lactate had lower cooking losses and higher bind scores than controls. Use of Na-pectate/Ca-lactate did not improve (P>0.05) purge loss, cooking loss, binding force or sensory properties. Chunked meat or mixtures of chunked and sliced meats in combination with salt/phosphate or Na-alginate/Ca-lactate resulted in steaks with acceptable bind and textural properties. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,PQDI,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,PROD DEV & ENGN BRANCH,FOOD ENGN DIRECTORATE,NATICK,MA 01760. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 68 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05608.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QG826 UT WOS:A1995QG82600016 ER PT J AU PALUMBO, MS SMITH, PW STRANGE, ED VANHEKKEN, DL TUNICK, MH HOLSINGER, VH AF PALUMBO, MS SMITH, PW STRANGE, ED VANHEKKEN, DL TUNICK, MH HOLSINGER, VH TI STABILITY OF BETA-GALACTOSIDASE FROM ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE AND KLUYVEROMYCES-LACTIS IN DRY MILK POWDERS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GALACTOSIDASE; KLUYVEROMYCES LACTIS; ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE; DRY MILK; VEGETABLE FAT ID EFFECTIVE REDUCTION; DIRECT ADDITION; LACTOSE; MEALTIME AB A milk-based beverage powder with 2% vegetable fat and reduced levers of lactose is needed by some segments of the consumer market as well as military units. To provide such, two commercial beta-galactosidases were dry-blended into milk powders made with coconut, cottonseed, canola or sunflower oils and stored at -20, 4, 25, and 45 degrees C. Enzyme activity was measured monthly by reconstituting the powders and measuring freezing point depression after incubation at 32 degrees C (optimum for beta-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis) and incubation at 50 degrees C with pH adjusted to 5.0 (for activity of Aspergillus oryzae enzyme). Both enzymes retained >95% of original activity at -20 and 4 degrees C. Activity of K. lactis enzyme declined moderately at room temperature (approximate to 23 degrees C) and rapidly at 45 degrees C. The A. oryzae enzyme retained 93.4% of original activity after 6 mo at 45 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. DELAWARE VALLEY COLL,DOYLESTOWN,PA 19118. RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05618.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QG826 UT WOS:A1995QG82600026 ER PT J AU KYUNG, KH FLEMING, HP YOUNG, CT HANEY, CA AF KYUNG, KH FLEMING, HP YOUNG, CT HANEY, CA TI 1-CYANO-2,3-EPITHIOPROPANE AS THE PRIMARY SINIGRIN HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT OF FRESH CABBAGE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1-CYANO-2,3-EPITHIOPROPANE; SINIGRIN; ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; CABBAGE ID THIOGLUCOSIDE GLUCOHYDROLASE; EPITHIOSPECIFIER PROTEIN; CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES; NITRILES; 1-CYANOEPITHIOALKANES; ISOTHIOCYANATES AB Dichloromethane extracts of juices from fresh cabbages, including four known (Brutus, Galaxy, Bentley, Structon) and two unknown cultivars, were analyzed by GC-MS for the presence of sinigrin degradation products. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), which has been reported to be the important aroma compound of freshly disrupted cabbage was not defected in any of the dichloromethane extracts of cabbage juice. Instead, 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane, which is one of the isomers of AITC, was the primary volatile compound in all cabbage extracts. AITC was detected in relative trace concentration only when cabbage juice was injected into the GC, using a wide bore, packed column. Thus, the relative importance of AITC and 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane to the aroma of freshly disrupted cabbage should be considered. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP KYUNG, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 157 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05628.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QG826 UT WOS:A1995QG82600036 ER PT J AU HUXSOLL, CC BOLIN, HR MACKEY, BE AF HUXSOLL, CC BOLIN, HR MACKEY, BE TI NEAR-INFRARED ANALYSIS POTENTIAL FOR GRADING RAISIN QUALITY AND MOISTURE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BULK DENSITY; MOISTURE CONTENT; RAISINS ID LEAST-SQUARES METHODS; SPECTRAL ANALYSES AB Near infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy was examined as a means for measuring raisin quality. High positive correlation was found between measured values and those predicted by NIT for bulk density, visual grade, and moisture content. NIT measures properties at the molecular level. Thus, results showed a relationship between raisin quality and some chemical constituents. NIT analysis has the potential for measuring general raisin quality as well as specific constituents. RP HUXSOLL, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05632.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QG826 UT WOS:A1995QG82600040 ER PT J AU OZAKI, Y AYANO, S INABA, N MIYAKE, M BERHOW, MA HASEGAWA, S AF OZAKI, Y AYANO, S INABA, N MIYAKE, M BERHOW, MA HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN FRUIT, JUICE AND PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS OF SATSUMA MANDARINE (CITRUS-UNSHIU MARCOV) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MANDARINE; LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES; CITRUS MOLASSES ID 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; MATURATION; ORANGE; GROWTH; SEEDS AB In a study on improving utilization of waste From processing of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcov.) the limonoid glucosides of fruit, juice, and by-products were measured using HPLC and TLC. All materials had the 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside derivatives of limonoids reported in other commercial citrus fruit. Citrus molasses was a good source for industrial scale extraction of limonoid glucosides. An extraction system using polystyrene divinylbenzene resins, was developed which could be expanded to industrial scale. C1 USDA ARS, FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. RP OZAKI, Y (reprint author), WAKAYAMA AGR & BIOL RES INST, 396-1 TSUKATSUKI, MOMOYAMA CHO, WAKAYAMA 64961, JAPAN. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 186 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05634.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QG826 UT WOS:A1995QG82600042 ER PT J AU BELL, IR AMEND, D KASZNIAK, A SCHWARTZ, GE PETERSON, JM STINI, WA MILLER, JW SELHUB, J AF BELL, IR AMEND, D KASZNIAK, A SCHWARTZ, GE PETERSON, JM STINI, WA MILLER, JW SELHUB, J TI TRAIT SHYNESS IN THE ELDERLY - EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION WITH PARKINSONS-DISEASE IN FAMILY MEMBERS AND BIOCHEMICAL CORRELATES SO JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-REPORTED ILLNESS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION; YOUNG-ADULTS; OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CHEMICAL ODORS; REACTION-TIME; CHILDREN; PERSONALITY AB The emergence of potential treatments to slow the progression of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased the need for early identification of persons at risk. Although considered controversial, some prior studies indicate that PD patients may have premorbid histories of greater trait introversion or shyness as well as increased rates of disorders associated with shyness (e.g., anxiety, affective disorders, and irritable bowel syndrome). Essential features of trait shyness include (a) inhibited and avoidant behaviors and (b) physiological hyperreactivity to the novel or unfamiliar. In parallel, (a) depression in PD patients is associated with increased harm avoidance (a possible serotonergic function), and (b) PD patients have premorbid and comorbid decreases in novelty-seeking (a possible dopaminergic function). Taken together, previous research suggests the following hypotheses: (1) given evidence for marked heritability of shyness, shy elderly should report higher rates of PD in their family members than would nonshy elderly; and (2) shy elderly without PD should exhibit psychological and biologic characteristics similar to those reported in PD. Two groups, representing the top 27% (n = 37) and bottom 31% (n = 43) of scores on a standardized shyness scale, were drawn from a larger cohort of 138 older adults (ages 50-90) living in an active retirement community. Seventeen percent of the shy versus 2% of the nonshy reported PD in a family member or self (P <.05). Shy elderly were significantly more anxious (P < .01) and depressed (P < .05) than were the nonshy. Shy subjects rated themselves significantly higher on feeling ill from the odor of environmental chemical (pesticide, car exhaust, paint, perfume, new carpet) than did the nonshy group. In a separate study of non-PD patients, depressed elderly with self-reported childhood shyness in themselves (n = 7) showed higher levels than did depressed elderly without childhood shyness (n = 7) of plasma L-cysteine (P = .05), the sulfurated amino acid previously shown to be elevated in PD patients, as well as of post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol (P < .05). The findings support the hypotheses and suggest the need for additional investigation of the neurobiology of trait shyness as a possible risk factor for PD. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT NEUROL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PSYCHOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ANTHROPOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON ST, PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0891-9887 J9 J GERIATR PSYCH NEUR JI J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA QE715 UT WOS:A1995QE71500004 PM 7710641 ER PT J AU SHUKLE, RH STUART, JJ AF SHUKLE, RH STUART, JJ TI PHYSICAL MAPPING OF DNA-SEQUENCES IN THE HESSIAN FLY, MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; CYTOGENETICS AB The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is the most destructive insect pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em Thell., in the United States, Understanding Hessian fly genetics is important because plant resistance is the primary method of controlling the insect, and biotypes have coevolved that can live on formerly resistant wheat lines, The genetic interaction determining this biotype-specific resistance is believed to operate on a gene-for-gene basis, Current knowledge of the molecular interaction between the insect and wheat is inadequate to provide sustainable protection of this crop, To develop a foundation for understanding this molecular interaction, we have undertaken to determine if polytene chromosomes in the basal cells of salivary glands of Hessian fly larvae are suitable for detailed in situ hybridization analysis, Results are discussed in relation to determining the cytological locations of cloned Hessian fly genomic DNA sequences and evaluating genetic variability to discover DNA polymorphisms linked to genes for virulence in the insect, RP SHUKLE, RH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA QH004 UT WOS:A1995QH00400001 ER PT J AU THOMSON, MS FRIESEN, KS DENELL, RE BEEMAN, RW AF THOMSON, MS FRIESEN, KS DENELL, RE BEEMAN, RW TI A HYBRID INCOMPATIBILITY FACTOR IN TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; FLOUR BEETLES; IDENTIFICATION; DYSGENESIS; TRANSFORMATION; EXCISION; VIRILIS; GENES AB Hybrid incompatibility and infertility were observed between strains of Tribolium castaneum from India (T-1) and Canada (C), The severity of the syndrome depended on cross direction and temperature, When reared at 32 degrees C, adult hybrids with T-1 fathers produced a high frequency of somatic abnormalities, reduced fertility, and shortened life span, Hybrids with T-1 mothers were normal, At 25 degrees C, abnormalities were more severe and occurred in both reciprocal crosses: hybrids with T-1 fathers died as larvae or pupae, whereas hybrids with T-1 mothers showed a syndrome similar to that produced by T-1 fathers at 32 degrees C, Among a set of strains representing diverse, world-wide geographic origins, eight produced inviable hybrids and nine produced normal hybrids when females were crossed to T-1 males, One of the latter also produced normal hybrids when males were crossed to C females, The syndrome was associated with a dominant factor, H (Hybrid incompatibility factor), which mapped to the ninth linkage group. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 86 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA QH004 UT WOS:A1995QH00400002 ER PT J AU WAYCOTT, W FORT, SB RYDER, EJ AF WAYCOTT, W FORT, SB RYDER, EJ TI INHERITANCE OF DWARFING GENES IN LACTUCA-SATIVA L SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS; MUTANTS; LETTUCE AB Several dwarf mutants were isolated to study the regulation of stem elongation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). These mutants were selected from an M(2) population of rapid-cycling lettuce (Early Flowering strain) treated with 0.03% (v/v) ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) during germination, A hypocotyl elongation assay was developed to allow rapid screening of seedlings in the laboratory, Plants that exhibited reduced hypocotyl length were selected, At maturity, the selected plants were smaller than the wild type, having dark green leaves, greatly reduced stem length, and modified flower morphology. A diallel study among nine of these mutants indicated there are four dwarfing loci, Alleles dwf-1, dwf-3, and dwf-4 resulted from the treatment procedure, while dwf-2 probably existed in the original material but was undetected, Allele dwf-4 appears to express only in the presence of dwf-2, The most obvious phenotypic difference among the alleles is in the range of plant height,from less than or equal to 3cm to greater than or equal to 30 cm. C1 USDA ARS,SALINAS,CA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT POMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 86 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA QH004 UT WOS:A1995QH00400008 ER PT J AU EATHINGTON, SR NICKELL, CD GRAY, LE AF EATHINGTON, SR NICKELL, CD GRAY, LE TI INHERITANCE OF BROWN STEM ROT RESISTANCE IN SOYBEAN CULTIVAR BSR-101 SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID CEPHALOSPORIUM-GREGATUM; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; REGISTRATION AB Brown stem rot caused by Phialophora gregata (Allington and Chamberlain) W. Gams can cause substantial yield reduction in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Resistance to brown stem rot has been identified in a number of plant introductions, breeding lines, and soybean cultivars and is being utilized by many soybean breeders, Understanding the inheritance of brown stem rot resistance in beneficial breeding material is necessary to facilitate the development of breeding schemes, Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the inheritance of brown stem rot resistance in soybean cultivar BSR 101, which is derived from Pl 84946-2, Data from F-2 plants, F-3 plants, and F-2:3 families, indicate that BSR 101 contains a single dominant gene that is allelic to the Rbs3 gene identified in Pl 437970, Results also suggest that BSR 101 may contain an additional modifier gene for brown stem rot resistance, C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP EATHINGTON, SR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 86 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA QH004 UT WOS:A1995QH00400011 ER PT J AU KLOTH, RH AF KLOTH, RH TI INTERACTION OF 2 LOCI THAT AFFECT TRICHOME DENSITY IN UPLAND COTTON SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID BEMISIA-TABACI; GOSSYPIUM RP KLOTH, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 86 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA QH004 UT WOS:A1995QH00400020 ER PT J AU BAE, DH GEORGAKAKOS, KP NANDA, SK AF BAE, DH GEORGAKAKOS, KP NANDA, SK TI OPERATIONAL FORECASTING WITH REAL-TIME DATABASES SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MODEL; CONCEPTUAL HYDROLOGIC MODEL; FLOOD AB An integrated hydrometeorological system for flow forecasting has been designed and implemented for real-time use in an operational environment at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District, Illinois. The system operates routinely with data collected by real-time data-collection platforms and stored in a real-time database. Forecasts are based on coupled hydrological and meteorological models, and a state estimator that updates system states in real time using all current data. Five soil-water models are used to estimate rainfall abstractions: a generic API model, the modified Sacramento soil moisture accounting model, and three soil-water options in the HEC-1 model. Initial sensitivity analysis of the short-term system forecasts with respect to the soil-water model and the state-updating components indicates robust system behavior in short-term real-time flow prediction. In addition, sensitivity analysis shows that when updating is performed using all available operational data, the differences in results among soil-water models are small. Thus, selection of a soil-water model to estimate hydrologic abstractions may be based on user familiarity with a certain model and the estimation of its parameters. C1 UNIV IOWA,IOWA INST HYDRAUL RES,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. HYDRO RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92130. USACOE,HYDRO ENGN SECT,ROCK ISL DIST,ROCK ISL,IL 61201. RP BAE, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1995 VL 121 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:1(49) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA PZ038 UT WOS:A1995PZ03800005 ER PT J AU HOU, CT AF HOU, CT TI IS STRAIN DS5 HYDRATASE A C-10 POSITIONAL SPECIFIC ENZYME - IDENTIFICATION OF BIOCONVERSION PRODUCTS FROM ALPHA-LINOLENIC AND GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACIDS BY FLAVOBACTERIUM SP DS5 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROBIAL CONVERSION; ENZYMATIC HYDRATION; HYDRATASE; HYDROXY UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; ALPHA- AND GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACIDS ID OLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; MICROBIAL CONVERSION; COMPOUND; PR3 AB Previously, we reported the isolation ol a new microbial strain, Flavobacterium sp. DS5 (NRRL B-14859) which converted oleic and linoleic acids to their corresponding 10-keto- and 10-hydroxy-fatty acids. The hydration enzyme seemed to be specific to the C-10 position. Now we have identified, by GC/MS, NMR, and FTIR, the bioconversion products from rr-linolenic acid as 10-hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-octodecadienoic acid and from gamma-linolenic acid as 10-hydroxy-6(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid. Products from 9(E)-unsaturated fatty acids were also identified as their corresponding 10-hydroxy or 10-keto fatty acids. From these results, it is concluded that strain DS5 hydratase is indeed a C-10 positional-specific enzyme and prefers an 18-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid. Among the C18 unsaturated fatty acids, an additional double bond on either side of the C-9 position lowers the enzyme hydration activity. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1007/BF01570063 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RF467 UT WOS:A1995RF46700007 ER PT J AU HODGE, KT SAWYER, AJ HUMBER, RA AF HODGE, KT SAWYER, AJ HUMBER, RA TI RAPD-PCR FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ZOOPHTHORA RADICANS ISOLATES IN BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF THE POTATO LEAFHOPPER SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZOOPHTHORA RADICANS; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; ZYGOMYCOTA; EMPOASCA FABAE; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; GENETIC FINGERPRINTING; RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD); EXPERIMENTAL RELEASE; DNA; HOST-SPECIFICITY ID EMPOASCA-FABAE HOMOPTERA; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; DNA; ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE; CICADELLIDAE; MARKERS; GERMINATION AB Biological control studies require the ability to distinguish released pathogens from locally occurring isolates of the same species. We have developed a technique that differentiates genotypes using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for the apomictic species Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycota: Entomophthorales), a pathogen of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). RAPD analysis was performed on Z. radicans isolates released in test plots in 1990 and 1991 far leafhopper control; isolates later recovered from the same plots and diverse other isolates were included in the analysis. RAPD fragment profiles of five recovered isolates proved very similar to those of the released isolates and different from all other isolates tested; they are probable descendants of the released isolates. One of the recovered isolates had RAPD profiles similar to isolates derived from aphids and probably represents a population endemic at the release site. In addition to verifying the successful establishment of our experimental releases, RAPD analysis revealed clear relationships among isolates derived from the same host taxon. We propose that this simple and relatively inexpensive method will be valuable in determining the establishment and spread of organisms released in biological control studies. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HODGE, KT (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 65 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1006/jipa.1995.1001 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QF228 UT WOS:A1995QF22800001 PM 7876590 ER PT J AU KOGUT, MH MCGRUDER, ED HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF KOGUT, MH MCGRUDER, ED HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI IN-VIVO ACTIVATION OF HETEROPHIL FUNCTION IN CHICKENS FOLLOWING INJECTION WITH SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADHERENCE; CHEMOTAXIS; PHAGOCYTOSIS; BACTERICIDAL; S-GALLINARUM; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; MICE; INTERLEUKIN-1; MECHANISMS; LEUKOCYTES AB We have previously shown that increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis organ infectivity in day-old chicks was conferred by the immunoprophylactic administration of S. enteritidis-immune lymphokines (ILK). This resistance was associated with a significant increase in the number of circulating heterophils 4 h after ILK injection. The objective of the present study was to evaluate heterophil function following the administration of ILK in day-old chicks. Significant increases (P < 0.001) in adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis of S. enteritidis were found with heterophils isolated from ILK-injected chickens compared to the heterophils isolated from birds injected with either pyrogen-free saline or lymphokines from non-immune T cells. After phagocytosis, the heterophils from the ILK-injected chickens were also able to kill significantly greater numbers of S. enteritidis more rapidly than did the heterophils from the saline-injected control birds (within 30 min, control cells killed 21.89% of the bacteria whereas ILK-treated cells killed 88.22%). We also found that the heterophils from the ILK-injected birds were more efficient killers of S. typhimurium, S. gallinarum, and E. coli. These results strongly suggest that the protection against S. enteritidis organ invasion induced by the prophylactic treatment of day-old chicks with ILK involves activated heterophils which migrate rapidly to the inflammatory stimulus where they phagocytize and kill the bacteria. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP KOGUT, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 43 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 57 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA QC581 UT WOS:A1995QC58100008 PM 7829972 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RM PEPPERMAN, AB AF JOHNSON, RM PEPPERMAN, AB TI ANALYSIS OF METRIBUZIN AND ASSOCIATED METABOLITES IN SOIL AND WAVER SAMPLES BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND REVERSED-PHASE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATRAZINE AB A method to analyze metribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one, and its major metabolites, deaminated metribuzin, DA, 6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one, diketometribuzin, DK, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3,5(2H,4H) -dione and deaminated diketometribuzin, DADK, 6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3,5(2H,4H)-dione in soil and water samples by reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) is described. Soil samples were extracted with MeOH:0.01 M CaCl2.2H(2)O (4:1) and the extracts filtered to remove the sediment. The extract then was diluted with deionized water and eluted through a C18, solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Water samples (150-mL) were eluted directly through C18, SPE cartridges. Both soil and water extracts were chromatographed on pre-coated RPTLC plates. The concentration of metribuzin was determined by UV densitometry at 290 nm. Recoveries of metribuzin from soil samples fortified at 2 mg kg(-1) ranged from 73-86%. Recoveries from water samples fortified at 10 and 100 mu g L(-1) ranged from 85 to 92%. The detection limit of the method for metribuzin is 30 nanograms. RP JOHNSON, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 739 EP 753 DI 10.1080/10826079508009269 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QH051 UT WOS:A1995QH05100008 ER PT J AU DAILEY, OD JOHNSON, RM AF DAILEY, OD JOHNSON, RM TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF ALACHLOR AND ATRAZINE IN POLYMERIC MICROCAPSULES DETERMINED BY REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH DENSITOMETRY SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDES AB A method to analyze polymeric microcapsules of the herbicides alachlor and atrazine by reverse-phase high performance thin layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) has been developed. The herbicidal concentration is determined by densitometry. The method is rapid and reproducible and offers a practical alternative to determination of alachlor and atrazine by elemental analyses. Impurities, metabolites, and decomposition products which may yield falsely high percentages of herbicidal content as determined by elemental analyses are readily detected by RP-HPTLC and are not sources of error. RP DAILEY, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1080/10826079508010398 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QN492 UT WOS:A1995QN49200004 ER PT J AU KETCHUM, REB GIBSON, DM AF KETCHUM, REB GIBSON, DM TI NOVEL METHOD OF ISOLATING TAXANES FROM CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES OF YEW (TAXUS SPP) SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TAXOL; GROWTH; HPLC AB A method is described to isolate a mixture of taxanes from cell suspension cultures of Taxus species. The aqueous suspension medium is pre-filtered and centrifuged to remove cellular debris, and then passed through either nylon or PVDF membranes. Contaminants are washed from the membranes and the taxanes are eluted with appropriate solvents. This method provides a rapid, efficient, and inexpensive means of extracting taxanes from cell suspension medium, as well as a significant reduction in the total volume of solvents used. RP KETCHUM, REB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB, PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT, TOWER RD, ITHACA, NY 14882 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1093 EP 1111 DI 10.1080/10826079508009278 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QP901 UT WOS:A1995QP90100003 ER PT J AU GLASS, RL AF GLASS, RL TI ANALYSIS OF HYGRINE IN COCA LEAVES USING A NOVEL HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB A novel high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the determination of hygrine in leaves of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novo. The analysis was performed on a strong cation exchange HPLC column with a mobile phase consisting of MeOH: 0.1 M KH2HPO4, pH 7 (75%:25%, v/v) and a UV detector set at 220 nm. Recoveries of hygrine averaged about 64% from extracts fortified with 2.5 to 10.0 mg of hygrine per 10 mi of extract. Hygrine contents in leaves of E. coca and E. novo were determined as 0.09 and 0.10% of the dry weight, respectively. RP GLASS, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2877 EP 2883 DI 10.1080/10826079508009331 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RQ849 UT WOS:A1995RQ84900011 ER PT J AU Neff, WE Byrdwell, WC AF Neff, WE Byrdwell, WC TI Triacylglycerol analysis by high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry: Crepis aplina and Vernonia galamensis seed oils SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EPOXY ACID; QUANTITATION; CASS AB Unusual seed oils having significance for chemical synthesis, Crepis alpina, or with fatty acids which contain functional groups important in the preparation of plastics, Vernonia galamensis, were analyzed by a new reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique. Using this method, we have identified 16 triacylglycerols in the Crepis alpina oil and 18 triacylglycerols in Vernonia galamensis oil and showed greater sensitivity for detection of and improved identification of triacylglycerols compared to previous analyses using the techniques of reversed-phase and silver ion high performance liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector.The most abundant Crepis alpina triacylglycerols were: linoleoydicrepenynoyglycerol (33.0%), tricrepenynoyl (32.3%), palmitoyldicrepenynoyl (11.5%), dilinoleoylcrepenynoyl (6.7%) glycerols. The remaining triacylglycerols occurred at five or less mole percent abundance. The most abundant Vernonia galamensis triacylglycerols were: trivernoloyl (43.3%), linoleoyldivernoloyl (21.3%), oleoyldivernoloyl (7.9%), palmitoyldivernoloyl (8.2%) and stearoyldivernoloyl (6.4%) glycerols. The remaining triacylglycerols occurred at four or less mole percent abundance. These studies provided new knowledge concerning the triacylglycerol composition of these oils and show that the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization technique is suitable for mass spectral identification of neutral molecules which do not contain a chargeable functional group. RP Neff, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 20 BP 4165 EP 4181 DI 10.1080/10826079508013753 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TL429 UT WOS:A1995TL42900017 ER PT J AU DUBICK, MA GRETZ, D MAJUMDAR, APN AF DUBICK, MA GRETZ, D MAJUMDAR, APN TI OVERT VITAMIN-B-6 DEFICIENCY AFFECTS RAT PANCREATIC DIGESTIVE ENZYME AND GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE ACTIVITIES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE EXOCRINE PANCREAS; VITAMIN-B-6; PYRIDOXINE; DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; RATS ID PROTEIN; PLASMA; LIVER; ACID AB Previous reports suggest that vitamin B-6 deficiency contributes to pancreatic insufficiency. However, the susceptibility of pancreatic function to marginal vitamin B-6 intake has not been defined. The present study examines digestive enzyme activity and steady-state mRNA levels, as well as antioxidant enzyme status from rats fed different vitamin B-6 diets. Groups (n = 12) of adult female Long-Evans rats were assigned to five dietary groups and fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Control and food-restricted rats were fed the control diet (7 mg pyridoxine/kg diet) freely, or food intake was restricted to the lowest intake of the experimental groups. The experimental groups were fed purified diets containing 0 (deficient), 0.25 or 1 (marginal) mg pyridoxine/kg diet. Plasma amylase and pancreatic amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were significantly lower in deficient rats compared with rats fed the control diet. Lower enzyme activities were accompanied by 83 and 55% lower amylase and trypsinogen mRNA levels compared with levels in rats fed the control diet. Other than low glutathione reductase in deficient rats, pancreatic antioxidant enzyme activity was similar in all dietary groups. These data suggest that the exocrine pancreas is impaired by vitamin B-6 deficiency, but marginal pyridoxine intake maintains function. C1 LETTERMAN ARMY INST RES,DIV MIL TRAUMA RES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. VET ADM MED CTR,ALLEN PK,MI 48101. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT MED,DETROIT,MI 48102. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QC308 UT WOS:A1995QC30800002 PM 7529303 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG AF REEVES, PG TI ADAPTATION RESPONSES IN RATS TO LONG-TERM FEEDING OF HIGH-ZINC DIETS - EMPHASIS ON INTESTINAL METALLOTHIONEIN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ZINC; COPPER; METALLOTHIONEIN; INTESTINE; ABSORPTION; ADAPTATION; RAT ID COPPER ABSORPTION; MUTUAL ANTAGONISM; KINETICS AB When faced with an abundance of heavy metals in the diet, higher animals produce metallothionein (MT) in the intestinal mucosa to sequester the metals in an attempt to reduce their absorption into the body. This paper shows that this strategy may only be used for short-term exposure, and a more effective, sustainable strategy is adopted during long-term exposure. The concentration of dietary zinc was abruptly elevated and offered to rats continually for a specified period. The results showed that an abrupt change in dietary zinc caused an immediate elevation of intestinal MT concentration, which remained elevated for about 2 weeks and then began to decline. After about 5 weeks, MT concentrations in the intestines of rats fed high-zinc diets were not different from controls fed normal-zinc diets for the entire period. The concentrations of zinc in serum, liver, and kidney followed the same course as mucosal MT, elevated during the initial phase of feeding high-zinc and near control values during the latter phase of feeding. Although the rats were consuming diets with zinc concentrations about 7 fold higher than controls, and intestinal MT concentrations were not elevated, the serum and tissue concentrations of zinc were near control values. This suggests that the induction of intestinal MT may be an immediate and short-term strategy for coping with high intakes of certain metals, and that some other, more efficient mechanism is adopted during long-term exposure. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,2420 2ND AVE N,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 6 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(94)00008-A PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA QG493 UT WOS:A1995QG49300007 ER PT J AU LIFSCHITZ, CH CARRAZZA, FR FESTE, AS KLEIN, PD AF LIFSCHITZ, CH CARRAZZA, FR FESTE, AS KLEIN, PD TI IN-VIVO STUDY OF COLONIC FERMENTATION OF CARBOHYDRATE IN INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION; PLASMA ACETATE; BREATH HYDROGEN; SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ID HUMAN LARGE-INTESTINE; ABSORPTION; ACETATE; PIG AB Dietary carbohydrate in the colon is fermented and converted into short-chain fatty acids. We studied the fate of carbohydrate that arrives in the colon under circumstances similar to those that occur during an episode of diarrhea and determined whether a quantitative correlation exists among certain indicators of colonic fermentation of carbohydrate arriving in the large bowel. A stable-isotope method was used to estimate carbon scavenging by the colon. Fourteen infants with severe malnutrition and history of watery stools and/or increased numbers of stools in the preceding 20 days were studied. Infants underwent nasocecal intubation and a 60-min infusion of 0.5 g/kg glucose containing 5 mg/kg of C-13-glucose. Stools were assessed for carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria, acetate, glucose, and C-13 abundance; blood was assessed for acetate; and breath was assessed for hydrogen. Some of the infants eliminated the infusate per anus within 30 min of the infusion (group I; n = 5), while others did so 120 min or more after the infusion (Group II; n = 9). The volume of fecal output after the intracecal infusion differed significantly between group I and group II (57 +/- 13 vs. 24 +/- 4 ml; p < 0.05). Although baseline breath hydrogen (3 +/- 1 vs. 10 +/- 4 parts per million) and plasma acetate (41 +/- 4 vs. 47 +/- 9 mu M) values were not significantly different between groups, breath hydrogen values at 45 min after start of infusion were significantly lower in group I than in group II (3 +/- 1 vs. 19 +/- 5 ppm; p = 0.008); 60 min after start of infusion, plasma acetate levels were significantly lower in group I than in group II (34 +/- 8 vs. 69 +/- 11 mu M; p = 0.02), and the difference remained significant throughout the study. Regression analyses indicated a significant association between time elapsed from start of intracolonic infusion and plasma acetate (p = 0.014) and breath hydrogen (p = 0.04) levels for group II. Although we found good correlation between two indicators of colonic fermentation, blood acetate and breath hydrogen, these values did not correlate well with carbon scavenging or fecal bacterial counts. It is possible that the way the colon handles the infusate-i.e., water absorption and/or secretion-may affect carbohydrate fermentation. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,FAC MED,HOSP CLIN,INST CRIANCA,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP LIFSCHITZ, CH (reprint author), TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1097/00005176-199501000-00011 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA PX984 UT WOS:A1995PX98400011 PM 7884619 ER PT J AU KULIK, MM DERY, PD AF KULIK, MM DERY, PD TI THE INFECTION OF FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA BY PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS SUBSP GRAMINICOLA SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article AB Puccinia graminis subsp, graminicola has caused economically important losses of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in North America. This rust infects leaves, culms, and spikelets of the host. Initial symptoms consist of very small, chlorotic flecks, followed by long, narrow lesions. Invasive hyphae were diffuse and filamentous, changing to dense and blocky with the formation of hymenia. Tissues were extensively colonized, including development caryopses. Seedborne infection consisted of mycelium within the embryo and urediniospores carried on both surfaces of the glumes. It is not known whether caryopses that are internally infected can germinate to produce infected individuals, but this could be an important quarantine consideration. Although, at the ultrastructural level, urediniospore development in this fungus is similar to that of other rusts, we detected an additional layer at the interface of the urediniospore and its pedicel. This layer may play a role in the release of urediniospores from their pedicels. RP KULIK, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 143 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1995.tb00200.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QW113 UT WOS:A1995QW11300011 ER PT J AU MEDEIROS, CAB CLARK, RB ELLIS, JR AF MEDEIROS, CAB CLARK, RB ELLIS, JR TI EFFECTS OF EXCESS MANGANESE ON MINERAL UPTAKE IN MYCORRHIZAL SORGHUM SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MICRONUTRIENT UPTAKE; PHOSPHORUS; FUNGI; NUTRIENT; SOYBEANS; GROWTH; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; CULTURE; CITRUS AB Associations between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and manganese (Mn) nutrition/toxicity are not clear. This study was conducted to determine the effects of excess levels of Mn on mineral nutrient uptake in shoots and roots of mycorrhizal (+VAM) and nonmycorrhizal (-VAM) sorghum [Sorghum bicolor CL) Moench, cv. NB9040]. Plants colonized with and without two VAM isolates [Glomus intraradices UT143-2 (UT143) and Gl. etunicatum UT316A-2 (UT316)] were grown in sand irrigated with nutrient solution at pH 4.8 containing 0, 270, 540, and 1080 mu M of added Mn (as manganese chloride) above the basal solution (18 mu M). Shoot and root dry matter followed the sequence of UT316 > UT143 > -VAM, and shoots had greater differences than roots. Shoot and root concentrations and contents of Mn, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were determined. The +VAM plants generally had higher mineral nutrient concentrations and contents than -VAM plants, although -VAM plants had higher concentrations and contents of some minerals than +VAM plants at some Mn levels. Plants colonized with UT143 had higher concentrations of shoot P, Ca, Zn, and Cu and higher root Mg, Zn, and Cu than UT316 colonized plants, while UT316 colonized plants had higher shoot and root K concentrations than UT143 colonized plants. These results showed that VAM isolates differ in enhancement of mineral nutrient uptake by sorghum. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 2 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1080/01904169509364896 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QE549 UT WOS:A1995QE54900001 ER PT J AU FOY, CD LEE, EH SHALUNOVA, LP DEVINE, TE AF FOY, CD LEE, EH SHALUNOVA, LP DEVINE, TE TI ACID SOIL (ALUMINUM) TOLERANCE IN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS RELATED TO OZONE TOLERANCE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; GROWTH; YIELD AB Acid soil [aluminum (Al)] toxicity and ozone toxicity are potential yield-limiting factors for soybeans [Glycine mau (L.) Merr.]. Previous studies in our laboratory suggested that tolerance to these two stress factors coincided in some soybean cultivars. The objective of the current study was to determine the relationship between acid soil (Al) tolerance and ozone (O3) tolerance in a range of soybean cultivars. Seventeen cultivars, known to differ in Al tolerance, were screened for O3 tolerance, some in a fumigation chamber and some in O3 polluted, unfiltered air in a greenhouse. In spite of variability encountered, we concluded that Ferry, Santa Rosa, Davis, Biloxi, Bossier, Lee, VNIIS-2, and Essex soybean cultivars were more tolerant to O3 than Forrest, Aurora, Smena, Brunatna, Yantarnaya, and Chief. Some cultivars showing high tolerance to O3 (St. 59, Giessener, Biloxi, Bossier, Lee, and Ferry) were also acid soil (Al) tolerant, but two Al-tolerant cultivars (Aurora and Brunatna) were O3 Sensitive. Other cultivars (Chief, Salute 216, and Smena) were sensitive to both Al and O3. Manganese (Mn)-tolerant Lee soybean was more tolerant to O3 than Mn-sensitive Forrest. Because both O3 toxicity and Mn toxicity are regarded as oxidative stresses, this finding has implications for future studies on oxidative stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. C1 ALL RUSSIAN SOYBEAN RES INST,PLANT BREEDING & PHYSIOL LAB,BLAGOVESCHENSK 675027,RUSSIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 3 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1080/01904169509364909 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QH061 UT WOS:A1995QH06100001 ER PT J AU ALKARAKI, GN CLARK, RB SULLIVAN, CY AF ALKARAKI, GN CLARK, RB SULLIVAN, CY TI EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AND WATER-STRESS LEVELS ON GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF BEAN AND SORGHUM CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE STATUS; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NUTRITION; MAIZE AB Primary determinants of crop production in arid/semiarid regions are lack of moisture and infertility, especially phosphorus (P) deficiency or unavailability. The effects of P and water stress (WS) levels on shoot and root dry matter (DM), leaf area, root volume, total root length, and shoot and root P concentrations and contents were determined in two bean [Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, cv 'Tepary #21' (''drought-resistant'') and P. vulgaris L., cv 'Emerson' (''drought-sensitive'')] and two sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv SA7078 (''drought-resistant'') and 'Redlan' (''drought-sensitive'')] cultivars grown in nutrient solution. Plants were grown with different levels of P (20 and 100 mu M for bean and 20, 80, and 150 mu M for sorghum) when seedlings were transferred to nutrient solution, and WS levels of 0, 13.8, and 1 6.4% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) introduced after plants had grown in solution 23 days (bean) and 31 days (sorghum). All growth traits were lower when bean and sorghum plants were grown with WS and low P. Growth traits were higher in cultivars grown content, but not shoot P concentration, were lower when bean plants were grown with WS compared to without WS. Tepary #21 bean had higher shoot DM, leaf area, total root length, and shoot P concentration than Emerson when plants were grown with WS at each level of P. Sorghum shoot and root P concentrations were higher as P level increased regardless of WS, and WS had little effect on shoot P concentration, but root P concentration was higher. Contents of P were similar for SA7078 and Redlan regardless of P or WS treatment, but SA7078 had greater P contents than Redlan over all P and WS treatments. ''Drought-resistant'' cultivars generally had better growth traits, especially total and specific root lengths, than ''drought-sensitive'' cultivars. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. JORDAN UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,FAC AGR,IRBID,JORDAN. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 3 BP 563 EP 578 DI 10.1080/01904169509364923 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QH061 UT WOS:A1995QH06100015 ER PT J AU PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH AF PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH TI SOYBEAN GROWTH-RESPONSE TO WATER-SUPPLY AND ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; ELEVATED CO2; YIELD; WHEAT; PHOSPHORUS; STRESS; PLANTS; FIELD; SEEDLINGS AB Growth response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Bragg'] grown in open top field chambers at five carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations ranging from 349 to 946 mu LL(-1) and under two water regimes was examined. During reproductive growth, plants grown under CO2 enrichment exhibited increases in total leaf area and dry weight. Water stress inhibited growth at all CO2 levels, but the relative enhancement of growth due to CO2 enrichment under water-stressed (WS) conditions was greater than under well-watered (WW) conditions. Water-stressed plants grown under 946 mu LL(-1) CO2 were larger than WW plants grown under 349 mu LL(-1) CO2. Reproductive yield increases were represented by increases in seed number rather than larger seeds. Although water stress reduced yield, the relative increase in seed number in response to elevated CO2 was greater for WS plants. Leaf tissue analysis suggested that a phosphorus deficiency may have restricted the seed dry weight response to elevated CO2. The mean relative growth rate (RGR) and mean net assimilation rate (NAR) increased with CO2 concentration in the first interval (5 to 14 days after planting) and diminished with time thereafter for each CO2 level. At the second interval (14 to 63 days), the direct effect of NAR was offset by lower leaf area ratio (LAR). However, the LAR was greater for WS plants but the response of RGR to CO2 was similar under both water treatments. At the third interval (63 to 98 days), the RGR for WS plants remained constant across CO2 treatments, whereas under WW conditions a level response of NAR coupled with a negative response of LAR resulted in a decrease in RGR under CO2-enriched conditions. The decrease in LAR was attributed to a decrease in specific leaf area. Leaf weight ratio was unaffected by Co-2. RP PRIOR, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 617 EP 636 DI 10.1080/01904169509364927 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QN505 UT WOS:A1995QN50500002 ER PT J AU FOY, CD LEE, EH ROWLAND, R DEVINE, TE BUZZELL, RI AF FOY, CD LEE, EH ROWLAND, R DEVINE, TE BUZZELL, RI TI OZONE TOLERANCE RELATED TO FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDE GENES IN SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; STRESS; INJURY; PLANTS; YIELD AB Ozone toxicity can reduce soybean yields by an estimated 5 to 20%. The most economical and practical solution to the problem would be to use ozone-tolerant cultivars. Because ozone toxicity is an oxidative stress, one would expect that plants having higher concentrations and proper kinds of antioxidants would be more tolerant. To test this hypothesis, 20 soybean lines or cultivars varying in contents of flavonol glycosides (naturally occurring antioxidants) were tested for ozone tolerance in a fumigation chamber and in phyto-toxic concentrations of ozone in ambient, unfiltered, air in a greenhouse. In general, ozone tolerance was associated with the presence of kaempferol glycosides, particularly K3 through K6 and K9. Lines containing no kaempferol glycosides (OX942 and OX281) were among the most sensitive to ozone stress. The K9 compound has been associated with reduced numbers of stomata, drought tolerance, and slower growth rates, and this could reduce ozone absorption and toxicity, or K9 may be more effective in detoxifying ozone than other glycosides. Lee soybean was more tolerant to ozone and to manganese (Mn) toxicity (also an oxidative stress) than Forrest. Cross tolerances of plant genotypes to these two stresses deserve additional study. Among cultivars compared, Mukden was ozone tolerant, Columbia and Harosoy were sensitive, and Blackhawk was moderately sensitive. C1 USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR CANADA,RES STN,HARROW,ON N0R 1G0,CANADA. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES INST,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1080/01904169509364928 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QN505 UT WOS:A1995QN50500003 ER PT J AU FOY, CD LEE, EH ROWLAND, RA DEVINE, TE AF FOY, CD LEE, EH ROWLAND, RA DEVINE, TE TI OZONE TOLERANCES OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS AND NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES IN A FUMIGATION CHAMBER SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE STRESS; YIELD RESPONSES; AMBIENT OZONE; GROWTH; UREASE; METABOLISM; MUTANTS; INJURY; ROOTS AB Ozone (O3) toxicity is a potential yield-limiting factor for soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in the United States and worldwide. The most economical solution to the problem is to use Os-tolerant cultivars. Thirty-four cultivars and 87 near-isogenic lines (NILS) of soybean were screened for O3 tolerance in a fumigation chamber (250 ppb for three hrs). Most tolerant cultivars tested were 'Cloud', 'T-276', 'T263', and 'Kindu'. Moderately tolerant cultivars included 'Davis', 'T-210', and 'Elton'. Most sensitive cultivars were 'Corsoy 79', 'Noir', and 'Midwest'. The original 'Clark' cultivar was not tested, but 'Clark 63' tended to be more tolerant than 'Harosoy'. The aluminum (All-tolerant 'Perry' cultivar also tended toward greater O3 tolerance than the Al-sensitive 'Chief', as observed earlier. Our rankings of 'Hark' as moderately sensitive and 'Davis' as moderately tolerant are also in agreement with earlier reports. Among NILS, the order of O3 tolerance was generally Williams>Clark>Harosoy, but differences were also observed within these parental groups. For example, L68-560 was more tolerant than some other NILS of 'Harosoy'. 'L76-1988' appeared more tolerant to O3 than other NILS of 'Williams', but all 'Williams' NILS were more tolerant than most NILS of 'Harosoy' and 'Clark'. Ozone-tolerant and -sensitive soybean cultivars or NILS identified in our study may be useful tools in studies on mechanisms of O3 tolerance and differential O3 tolerances in plants and in the development of ameliorative measures. C1 USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 649 EP 667 DI 10.1080/01904169509364929 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QN505 UT WOS:A1995QN50500004 ER PT J AU FOY, CD WEIL, RR CORADETTI, CA AF FOY, CD WEIL, RR CORADETTI, CA TI DIFFERENTIAL MANGANESE TOLERANCES OF COTTON GENOTYPES IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CULTIVARS; ALUMINUM; SOILS; ACID AB Cotton genotypes [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)] C-310-73,-307 (307) and C-Sgl, 70-517 (517), shown previously to differ in tolerance to an acid (pH 5.1), high manganese (Mn) Grenada soil from Arkansas, were grown in nutrient solutions containing variable concentrations of excess Mn to confirm and characterize their postulated differences in Mn tolerance. Based on crinkle leaf symptoms and leaf dry weights, the 307 genotype was significantly more tolerant than 517 to 4, 8, or 16 mg Mn/L at a maintained pH of 4.6 (Experiment 1) and also to 4 or 8 mg Mn/L at an initial pH of 5.0, not subsequently adjusted (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, the relative leaf dry weight (wt. with no Mn/wt. with 8 mg Mn/L x 100) was 94% for genotype 307 and only 27% for 517. In Experiment 2, the corresponding relative leaf weights were 75% and 26% for 307 and 517, respectively. Plant analytical results indicated that the 307 genotype tolerates a higher concentration of Mn in its leaves than does 517. This failure to correlate Mn tolerance with Mn concentrations in plant shoots agrees with previous findings when these two genotypes were grown in acid Grenada soil. Iron (Fe) concentrations, Fe/Mn ratios, and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were higher in the Mn-tolerant 307 than in the Mn-sensitive 517, but concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were not related to Mn tolerance. Because differential Mn tolerance in these two genotypes is associated with differential internal tolerance to excess Mn, rather than differential Mn uptake, studies are needed to determine the chemical forms of Mn in tolerant and sensitive plants whose leaves contain comparable concentrations of total Mn. Because both Mn and Fe (closely related elements in the Mn toxicity Syndrome) have spin resonances, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) offers promise in attacking the problem of differential Mn tolerance in plants. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 685 EP 706 DI 10.1080/01904169509364931 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QN505 UT WOS:A1995QN50500006 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM PAPPELIS, AJ AF RUSSO, VM PAPPELIS, AJ TI SENESCENCE IN SWEET CORN AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE DEFICIENCY; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; MAIZE; GROWTH AB Nutrient availability can affect the onset of senescence. Phosphate-phosphorus (P) was added at the recommended and five times the recommended level to a Bernow fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic Paleudalf soil at Lane, OK. Senescence in stalk and shank internodes and cobs was rated in shrunken-2 sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars at various developmental stages. Plant dry weight was determined at fresh market harvest. Stalk internode senescence rating increased through harvest. The internode subtending the ear node was almost completely senescent at anthesis. There were statistical, but likely not biologically important, differences in stalk internode senescence between cultivars. Increased P occasionally increased stalk internode senescence rating and reduced plant dry weight. Increased P either decreased, or had no effect on, shank internode or cob senescence. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 707 EP 717 DI 10.1080/01904169509364932 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QN505 UT WOS:A1995QN50500007 ER PT J AU RAESE, JT DRAKE, SR STAIFF, DC AF RAESE, JT DRAKE, SR STAIFF, DC TI INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CALCIUM MATERIALS AND SPRAY TIMING ON MINERAL-COMPOSITION, YIELD, FRUIT-QUALITY, AND CONTROL OF FRUIT DISORDERS OF ANJOU PEARS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB During a six-year period (1980, 1985-1989), 20 different calcium (Ca) materials were sprayed at an early (3X; June to July), late (3X; July to August), and an early plus late (5X; June to August) timing on 25-year-old 'Anjou' pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) sprays increased fruit Ca in the cortex by an average of 10.5% greater than in unsprayed controls and cork spot was reduced by an average of six-fold. Yield from trees sprayed with Ca materials averaged greater than 13% more crop load than the unsprayed control trees. Leaf and fruit injury from CaCl2 sprays in 1980 were near borderline acceptability, but injury was reduced slightly by halving the spray concentration rate to 681 g CaCl2 per 379 liters of water in 1985 to 1989. Due to temperatures above 26 degrees C, leaf and fruit injury from Ca sprays, particularly calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], were more severe for the late or early plus late sprays than for the early sprays. Fruit size was slightly larger on trees sprayed only three times (early or late sprays) versus trees sprayed five times during the season (early plus late sprays). Best control of cork spot occurred with early plus late sprays. Best control of alfalfa greening and black end occurred with late or early plus late sprays. The importance of fruit Ca for controlling cork spot is illustrated when triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) was sprayed on trees which resulted in reduced fruit Ca and increased incidence of fruit disorders, alfalfa greening, black end, and cork spot. Sprays containing nitrates or sulfates were frequently associated with a higher incidence of fruit disorders. Although fruit quality was not significantly influenced by Ca treatments or spray time, it was related to Ca in fruit peel or cortex due to annual variations in Ca concentrations. RP RAESE, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 823 EP 838 DI 10.1080/01904169509364941 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QN505 UT WOS:A1995QN50500016 ER PT J AU SIMS, JL GROVE, JH SCHLOTZHAUER, WS AF SIMS, JL GROVE, JH SCHLOTZHAUER, WS TI SOLUBLE CALCIUM FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON EARLY GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF BURLEY TOBACCO SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER; NITROGEN; AMMONIUM; SOIL; ACCUMULATION; POTASSIUM; ACID AB During production of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), initial soil pH needs to be 6.6 in order to maintain pH at midseason in the range of 5.8 to 6.2 to control manganese (Mn) toxicity, molybdenum (Mo) deficiency, and to enhance overall nutrient availability in soil. A field experiment was conducted at Lexington, Kentucky, during 2 years to determine the effects of rate of soluble calcium (Ca) (as gypsum-CaSO4) on early growth and chemical composition of burley tobacco. On Maury silt loam soil (Typic Paleudalf; pH 6.6), plant dry weight and concentrations of potassium (K), Ca, and magnesium (Mg) 40 days after transplanting increased with rate of Ca fertilization up to 380 kg Ca/ha. Further increases in Ca fertilization decreased dry weight and K but had no effect on plant Ca or Mg concentrations. Generally, the effect of Ca on growth and nutrient accumulation was greatest in the presence of supplemental irrigation, K fertilization, and use of a nitrate (NO3) source of N. Plant Ca concentration was not affected markedly by any cultural treatment and Ca had no effect on plant growth in urea treatments without irrigation and where no K fertilizer was added; plants in these treatments showed K-deficiency symptoms. These results can best be explained as a Viet's effect of Ca on K nutrition, resulting in increased growth of plants. C1 USDA ARS,SSA,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP SIMS, JL (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 911 EP 921 DI 10.1080/01904169509364948 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QV040 UT WOS:A1995QV04000004 ER PT J AU TU, SI PATTERSON, D BRAVER, D HSU, AF AF TU, SI PATTERSON, D BRAVER, D HSU, AF TI EFFECTS OF DIVALENT-CATIONS ON NADH-LINKED ELECTRON-TRANSFER IN CORN ROOT PLASMA-MEMBRANE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INSIDE-OUT; TRANSPORT; VESICLES; PURIFICATION AB The effects of calcium (Ca2+), cadmium (Cd2+), and copper (Cu2+) cations on NADH-linked electron transfer in corn root plasma membrane vesicles were investigated. The reduction of both cytochrome c and ferricyanide were slightly stimulated by Ca2+ but not significantly affected by Cd2+. However, Cd2+ induced a redox-linked increase in light scattering suggesting an increase in the size/volume of the vesicles. The presence of micromolar levels of Cu2+ decreased the reduction rates of both cytochrome c and ferricyanide. However, in contrast to ferricyanide reduction, Cu inhibition to the cytochrome (c) under bar reduction was more effective and was less sensitive to ionic strength. Copper inhibition changed the Michaelis-Menten dependence of the ferricyanide reduction but not that of cytochrome (c) under bar. These results suggest that the reduction of cytochrome (c) under bar and ferricyanide must occur at different membrane sites. RP TU, SI (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 923 EP 936 DI 10.1080/01904169509364949 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QV040 UT WOS:A1995QV04000005 ER PT J AU MGEMA, WG CLARK, RB AF MGEMA, WG CLARK, RB TI SORGHUM GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN TOLERANCE TO EXCESS MANGANESE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CULTIVARS; ALUMINUM; ACID AB Manganese (Mn) toxicity can be a growth limiting constraint for many plants grown on acid soil. Plant species/genotypes tolerant to Mn could help overcome detrimental Mn toxicity effects on plants grown on high Mn soils. Thirty-seven sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes from a broad germplasm base were grown in solution culture (pH 4.5) with 0, 3.0, and 6.0 mM of added Mn above the basic solution concentration (18 mu M) to determine genotypic differences in tolerance to excess Mn. Dry matter (DM) was used to evaluate 24-day-old plants (10 days in Mn treatments) for Mn toxicity responses. Wide variability among genotypes for differential DM was noted at 3.0 and 6.0 mM Mn. Sorghum generally tolerated high levels of Mn. Genotypes showing relatively high tolerance to excess Mn in solution were NB 9040, Wheatland, IS 7180, IS 7755, and IS 7809. Those genotypes showing relatively low tolerance to high Mn were ICA-Nataima, Martin, IS 7173c (SC 283), IS 7321, IS 9187, IS 9785, and IS 9828. IS 7173c, an aluminum (Al)-tolerant standard genotype, was sensitive to high Mn. Wide variability was noted among tissue culture generated lines derived from a common parent. Laboratory screening for tolerance to Mn toxicity was effective with sorghum, but results need to be verified in the field. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 983 EP 993 DI 10.1080/01904169509364955 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QV040 UT WOS:A1995QV04000011 ER PT J AU GOENAGA, R CHARDON, U AF GOENAGA, R CHARDON, U TI GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE OF TARO GROWN UNDER UPLAND CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB There is a scarcity of basic information on dry matter accumulation by various plant organs, nutrient uptake, and yield of tare [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] grown under upland conditions. These data are essential for the development of technological packages, growth simulation models, and decision support systems designed to promote agrotechnology transfer of the crop in the tropics. Two tare cultivars were planted and harvested for biomass about every six weeks during the growing season. At each harvest, plants were separated into various plant parts and their dry matter and nutrient content were determined. There were no significant differences (P<0.05) in total and edible dry matter content between cultivars. However, cultivar 'Lila' absorbed significantly smaller amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn) than cultivar 'Blanca', suggesting that it had a higher nutrient-use efficiency. Fresh corm yields were not significantly different and averaged 20,221 kg/ha for bath cultivars. RP GOENAGA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,POB 70,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1048 DI 10.1080/01904169509364959 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QV040 UT WOS:A1995QV04000015 ER PT J AU HSU, AF BRAUER, D TU, SI AF HSU, AF BRAUER, D TU, SI TI ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATASE AND ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES OF MAIZE TONOPLAST-ENRICHED VESICLES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID H+-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE AB Microsomal fraction enriched with tonoplast vesicles was obtained from maize root (Zea mays L. FRB 73) by sucrose step gradient centrifugation. The vesicles contained an adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) activity as determined by the hydrolysis of Mg-ADP. The ADPase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of the fraction have different sensitivities toward several modifiers. ADPase activity was not sensitive to nitrate, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and azide, but partially sensitive to vanadate and molybdate. In contrast, ATPase was very sensitive to nitrate, DCCD, and DES, but not to vanadate, azide, and molybdate. The presence of 2'-or (3')-trinitrophenol adenosine 5'-diphosphate (TNP-ADP) significantly reduced ADPase activity but not that of the ATPase activity. On the other hand, the addition of TNP-ATP abolished ATPase activity but not the ADPase activity. Since the influence of these modifiers to the activities are different, the binding and the hydrolysis of ADP and ATP in maize tonoplast vesicles may occur at different sites. RP HSU, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1637 EP 1647 DI 10.1080/01904169509365009 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RK164 UT WOS:A1995RK16400008 ER PT J AU RIEDELL, WE KIECKHEFER, RW AF RIEDELL, WE KIECKHEFER, RW TI FEEDING DAMAGE EFFECTS OF 3 APHID SPECIES ON WHEAT ROOT-GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; RESISTANT AB Cereal aphid infestations have considerable impact upon productivity and profitability of United States agriculture. A comparison study of the influence of different aphid species (Russian wheat aphid, Duraphis noxia Mordvilko: greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani; and bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L.) upon shoot characteristics and root growth of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was conducted in an attempt to better understand the mechanisms of yield loss in aphid damaged plants. Plants infested with aphids showed similar reductions in shoot growth regardless of aphid species. Shoot chlorophyll concentrations were lowest in greenbug-infested plants. Root length and dry weight were also equally reduced by feeding damage by the three aphid species. Upon removal of the aphids, shoot dry weights of plants damaged by each aphid species remained unchanged for 10 days. Shoot dry weights for aphid-damaged plants were about half the magnitude Been in the control plants after 15 days. Chlorophyll concentrations seen in greenbug and Russian wheat aphid-infested plants initially were lower than the concentrations seen in bird cherry oat aphid-infested and control plants. Within 10 days after aphid removal, however, chlorophyll concentrations across all treatments were essentially equal, Root lengths in plants previously infested with greenbugs or Russian wheat aphids were lower than control plants four days after aphid removal. Within 10 days after aphid removal, root lengths in plants previously infested with greenbugs or Russian wheat aphids did not differ from control plants. Root lengths in plants previously damaged by bird cherry oat aphids did not reach the same magnitude as that of the other treatments until 27 days after aphid removal. These results indicate that aphid feeding damage to wheat plants can have significant effects on root growth, suggesting that crop management practices that promote root growth could play important roles in improving plant tolerance to aphid damage. RP RIEDELL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RR 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1881 EP 1891 DI 10.1080/01904169509365030 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RQ845 UT WOS:A1995RQ84500012 ER PT J AU BALIGAR, VC ANGHINONI, I PITTA, GVE DOSSANTOS, HL CUNHA, E SCHAFFERT, RE AF BALIGAR, VC ANGHINONI, I PITTA, GVE DOSSANTOS, HL CUNHA, E SCHAFFERT, RE TI ALUMINUM EFFECTS ON PLANT AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE PARAMETERS OF SOIL AND SOLUTION-GROWN SORGHUM GENOTYPES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES; TOLERANCE; STRESS; YIELD AB Recently, controlled environmental screening techniques have been preferred to field trials to identify sorghum genotypes that can tolerate aluminum (Al) stress. Soil and solution culture experiments were undertaken under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of Al on plant growth and nutrient uptake parameters of three sorghum genotypes: 1) SC283, 2) BR003R, and 3) BR007B. Earlier field studies indicated that the order of tolerance to Al decreased from genotype 1 to 3. A dark red latosol was used with seven levels of dolomitic lime (0, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 t/ha) and solution culture with seven levels of Al (0, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.60, and 1.20 mmol/L). Plant growth (shoot and root weight; root length; specific root length, SRL; and relative shoot and root growth reduction, RGR) and nutrient uptake (total uptake; influx; nutrient efficiency ratio, ER; and percent of nutrient inhibition, PI) parameters were influenced similarly by Al in solution culture and soil experiment. Significant differences were observed for genotype-Al interactions and there was a stimulating effect, among genotypes, by low Al concentrations (up to 0.15 mmol/L). However, the plant growth and nutrient uptake parameters were negatively affected by Al stress. The performance of the genotypes in relation to Al tolerance in both solution and soil experiments was the same as observed in the field: SC283 > BR003R > BR007B. C1 UFRGS, DEPT SOLOS, BR-90001197 PORTO ALEGRE, RS, BRAZIL. EMBRAPA, CNPMS, BR-35701970 SETE LAGOAS, MG, BRAZIL. RP BALIGAR, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, BECKLEY, WV 25802 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2325 EP 2338 DI 10.1080/01904169509365068 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TH637 UT WOS:A1995TH63700006 ER PT J AU FAGERIA, NK ZIMMERMANN, FJP BALIGAR, VC AF FAGERIA, NK ZIMMERMANN, FJP BALIGAR, VC TI LIME AND PHOSPHORUS INTERACTIONS ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE BY UPLAND RICE, WHEAT, COMMON BEAN, AND CORN IN AN OXISOL SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PLANTS AB Liming and phosphorus (P) applications are common practices for improving crop production in acid soils of the tropical as well as temperate regions. Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol (clayey, kaolinitic, isothermic, Typic Haplustox) to evaluate response of liming (0, 2, and 4 g/kg) and P application (0, 50, and 175 mg P/kg) in a factorial combination on growth and nutrient uptake by upland rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and corn (Zea mays I,.). Phosphorus application significantly (P<0.01) increased dry weight of tops of all the four crop species as well as dry weight of roots of wheat and corn. Liming significantly (P<0.01) improved growth of common bean and corn but had significant negative effects on rice growth. Maximum dry weight of tops of rice and wheat was obtained at 175 mg P/kg without lime. Maximum dry weight of tops in common bean was obtained at 4 g lime/kg with 175 mg P/kg of soil. In all the crops, increasing levels of applied P significantly increased nutrient uptake. With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species. Decrease in potassium (K) uptake, due to high lime, is probably due to antagonistic effects of Ca and Mg and reduced micronutrients uptake is probably due to increased soil pH resulting in decreased availability of these elements to plants. Therefore, in these types of acid soils, one should avoid over liming. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP FAGERIA, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA,NATL RICE & BEAN RES CTR,CAIXA POSTAL 179,BR-74001970 GOIANIA,GO,BRAZIL. RI Stephen, Jennifer/C-2469-2014 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2519 EP 2532 DI 10.1080/01904169509365081 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TH637 UT WOS:A1995TH63700019 ER PT J AU Overman, AR Evers, GW Wilkinson, SR AF Overman, AR Evers, GW Wilkinson, SR TI Coupling of dry matter and nutrient accumulation in forage grass SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; YIELD; BERMUDAGRASS; BAHIAGRASS AB The logistic model has proven very useful in relating dry matter production of forage grasses to applied nitrogen. A recent extension of the model coupled dry matter and plant N accumulation through a common response coefficient c. The objective of this analysis was to establish the validity of the extended model for each of the three major nutrients (N, P, K), with a common coefficient c between dry matter and each applied nutrient. Analysis of variance established the validity of this hypothesis. The model accurately described response of dry matter, plant nutrient removal, and plant nutrient concentration to applied nutrient, with overall correlation coefficients of 0.9928, 0.9972, and 0.9975 for applied N, P, and K, respectively. Furthermore, the model closely described the relationship between yield and plant nutrient removal, as well as between plant nutrient concentration and plant nutrient removal, for each nutrient. This work confirmed earlier results for applied N with various grasses and established the validity of the model for applied P and K for the first time. The logistic equation is well-behaved and simple to use on a pocket calculator. It can be used to describe yields and nutrient removal in evaluation of agricultural production and environmental quality. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,OVERTON,TX 75684. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP Overman, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1995 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2629 EP 2642 DI 10.1080/01904169509365089 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TL427 UT WOS:A1995TL42700007 ER PT J AU BRAUER, D OTTO, J TU, SI AF BRAUER, D OTTO, J TU, SI TI SELECTIVE ACCUMULATION OF THE FLUORESCENT PH INDICATOR, BCECF, IN VACUOLES OF MAIZE ROOT-HAIR CELLS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIPOPHILIC PRECURSOR; MICROSCOPY; RATIO IMAGING; TONOPLAST; ZEA MAYS L ID HIGHER-PLANT CELLS; INTRACELLULAR PH; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; INTERNAL PH; ACIDIFICATION; PHOSPHATE; EXTRUSION AB The vacuolar-type H+-ATPase localized on the tonoplast membrane is believed to regulate acidity within the vacuolar lumen. However, the ability to monitor vacuolar pH in situ can be difficult because of the use of destructive assays based on cell sap pH or accumulation of weak bases, or elicition of wound responses after impaling cells with a pH-sensing microelectrode. The goal of our present study was to identify a fluorescent pH probe that is localized in vacuoles of (Zea mays L.) root cells. When excised corn root segments were exposed to the ester derivative of 2',7' -bis-2-(carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxy-fluorescein (BCECF) for 30 to 60 min, the root-hair cells preferentially became fluorescent. The distribution of the fluorescence within cells followed closest to that of the vacuole when fluorescent and phase contrast images were compared. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities at 535 nm using excitation wavelengths of 440 and 490 nm varied directly with pH between 4.5 and 7.5. The ratio of fluorescent intensities of BCECF-labeled root-hair cells indicated that the majority of the dye was localized in a compartment with an average pH of 5.8. The above data indicated that the BCECF was localized in the vacuoles of root-hair cells from maize seedlings, and the changes in the fluorescence ratio of BCECF may provide a means of monitoring changes of vacuolar pH in situ. RP BRAUER, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT & SOIL BIOPHYS RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49 POSTFACH 72 01 43, D-70577 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QC314 UT WOS:A1995QC31400010 ER PT J AU DAVIDONIS, G AF DAVIDONIS, G TI CHANGES IN POLYAMINE DISTRIBUTION DURING COTTON FIBER AND SEED DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L; COTTON; FIBER ELONGATION; PUTRESCINE; SEED DEVELOPMENT; SPERMIDINE ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES; GIBBERELLIC-ACID; DWARF PEAS; BIOSYNTHESIS; GERMINATION; OVULES AB The distribution of free, conjugated and bound putrescine, and spermidine was monitored in fiber and seed of Gossypium hirsutum L. during the period from 5 to 28 d post anthesis (dpa). Fiber and seed were collected from greenhouse-grown and field-grown material. The cultivars Texas Marker 1 and Deltapine 50 were used. Fiber contained less total polyamines than seed. The highest polyamine concentration in fiber occurred at 5 dpa and in seed at 21 dpa. These peaks in total polyamine concentration correspond to the time just prior to rapid fiber elongation and the time of accelerated cell division in the embryo. A possible role of polyamines in cell elongation is discussed. RP DAVIDONIS, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70119, USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49 POSTFACH 72 01 43, D-70577 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 112 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QC314 UT WOS:A1995QC31400019 ER PT J AU WANG, CY AF WANG, CY TI TEMPERATURE PRECONDITIONING AFFECTS GLUTATHIONE CONTENT AND GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN CHILLED ZUCCHINI SQUASH SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CUCURBITA PEPO; CHILLING INJURY; GLUTATHIONE; PRECONDITIONING; POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE ID SUPEROXIDE; PLANTS; STRESS AB Preconditioning zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L., cv. Elite) at 15 degrees C for 2 d prior to storage at 5 degrees C reduced chilling injury and altered glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity. When squash without temperature preconditioning treatment was placed at 5 degrees C, the contents of total glutathione (TG), reduced form of glutathione (GSH), total non-protein thiol (NPSH), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased intially for a short period (2 to 4 d) then declined thereafter. In preconditioned squash, the contents of TG, GSH, and NPSH increased even more after the preconditioning treatment, and the amounts of these substances remained higher in the treated squash than in the control after transfer to 5 degrees DC. GR activity was also higher in the preconditioned squash than in the untreated squash. The oxidized forms of glutathione (GSSG) and non-glutathione thiol (RSH) contents were low in zucchini squash and changed only slightly throughout the storage. Consequently, a higher ratio of GSH to GSSG was found in the preconditioned squash than in the control squash. These results indicate that the protection of SH-containing enzymes against oxidation and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species may also be a factor contributing to the effectiveness of temperature preconditioning in reducing chilling injury. RP WANG, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49 POSTFACH 72 01 43, D-70577 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 148 EP 152 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QC314 UT WOS:A1995QC31400026 ER PT J AU AIKEN, GE SLADDEN, SE BRANSBY, DI AF AIKEN, GE SLADDEN, SE BRANSBY, DI TI CUTTING HEIGHT AND FREQUENCY-EFFECTS ON COMPOSITION, YIELD, AND QUALITY OF A BERMUDAGRASS CRABGRASS MIXTURE SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is the most abundant warm-season perennial grass in the lower South. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] will often invade stands of Coastal bermudagrass but little is known about the response of this species mixture to defoliation management. A study was conducted in 1990 and 1991 to determine the effects that cutting height and interval have on species composition, dry matter (DM) yield and quality of a bermudagrass-crabgrass mixture. Percentage crabgrass, DM yield, crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were measured on small plots of coastal bermudagrass that were cut at three cutting heights (1, 4, and 7 in.) and five cutting intervals (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 wk). Percentage crabgrass was low in 1990 and did not show a response to cutting height. Higher crabgrass percentages in 1991 showed a positive linear response to cutting height and a negative linear response to cutting interval at both the middle and end of the experiment. There was a linear decrease in DM yield as cutting height increased, but yield increased linearly with increased cutting interval. Crude protein percentage declined linearly with increased cutting interval, but a linear response to cutting height in both years changed from negative to positive as interval increased. There was a curvilinear increase of IVOMD as cutting height increased in both years. In 1990, there was a linear decrease of IVOMD as interval increased with the rate of decrease being higher as cutting height increased; however, in 1991, there was a curvilinear decrease of IVOMD with increasing interval. Results of this study indicate that cutting height and frequency interact to affect the productivity, quality, and composition of bermudagrass-crabgrass mixtures. C1 USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QF621 UT WOS:A1995QF62100010 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, WA HART, SP GLIMP, HA VONTUNGELN, DL AF PHILLIPS, WA HART, SP GLIMP, HA VONTUNGELN, DL TI SUPPLEMENTATION TO COMPENSATE FOR DIFFERING STOCKING RATES FOR STEERS GRAZING WHEAT PASTURE SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Throughout the southern Great Plains, the inability to predict optimum stocking rates for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pastures limits efficient use of wheat forage by stocker cattle. This is particularly true during the spring graze-out period when forage production can vary greatly due to environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate animal performance and economic returns for systems in which increased stocking rates on spring wheat pastures were accompanied by increasing supplementation levels. Steers averaging 671 lb grazed wheat pastures from March through May in the spring of 1987 and 1992. As stocking rate increased, the amount of 11.6% crude protein (CP) supplement consumed increased from 0 to 1% of body weight (BW). Individual steer performance was similar across stocking rates, but beef production per acre increased (P < 0.05) with increasing stocking rate. As wheat matured, forage quality decreased (P < 0.05) and forage available for grazing became primarily stem (P < 0.05). As stocking rate increased, pasture cost per head decreased. At the highest stocking rate, return ($/acre) was $16.89 greater than at the lowest stocking rate. Grain-based supplements can be fed at levels up to 1% BW daily to steers grazing spring wheat pastures to allow stocking rates to be increased to ensure maximum forage use. RP PHILLIPS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QF621 UT WOS:A1995QF62100011 ER PT J AU BLOODWORTH, LH JOHNSON, JR AF BLOODWORTH, LH JOHNSON, JR TI COVER CROPS AND TILLAGE EFFECTS ON COTTON SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most erosive row crops grown in the southeastern USA and with the implementation of the 1985 Food Security Act, producers may have to use no-till or cover crops in order to remain in compliance. A 3-yr field experiment examined cover crop (crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.], hairy vetch [Vicia villosa L.], wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], and cool season weeds) and tillage (no-till [NT] and conventional [CT]) effects on cotton. Wheat produced more canopy cover during the winter and higher dry matter (DM) yields during 2 of 3 yr than the other winter vegetation. Seedcotton yields for NT cotton were significantly higher than for CT cotton during 1 yr of this study. Generally, plant height and population were unaffected by cover crops or tillage treatments. Stem, leaf, and total plant weights were significantly higher for NT cotton in 1 of 2 yr. Cone index readings at the 6-in. depth were significantly greater for NT cotton at in-row and traffic middle sites. Soil pH and organic matter percentage were generally unaffected by cover crops or tillage systems. Extractable P levels (0- to 3-in. depth) tended to be higher for NT cotton while extractable K amounts (0- to 3-in. depth) tended to be higher for CT cotton. Total production expenses across cover crops were lower for NT cotton than for CT cotton. Of the planted cover crops, wheat was the least expensive to establish. No-till cotton, therefore, could be used to reduce soil erosion while maintaining high cotton yields. RP BLOODWORTH, LH (reprint author), USDA,SCS JAMIE L WHITTEN PLANT MAT CTR,COFFEEVILLE,MS 38922, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QF621 UT WOS:A1995QF62100015 ER PT J AU CLARY, WP AF CLARY, WP TI VEGETATION AND SOIL RESPONSES TO GRAZING SIMULATION ON RIPARIAN MEADOWS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AGROSTIS-STOLONIFERA; CAREX-SPP; ALOPECURUS-PRATENSIS; DEFOLIATION; COMPACTION; NUTRIENT RETURN ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; PASTURE; DEFOLIATION AB Riparian areas have not responded consistently to grazing systems, suggesting that more knowledge is needed to explain how different areas respond to specific stresses. Several studies were conducted to determine herbaceous plant response to simulated grazing on riparian areas. One low-elevation redtop (Agrostis stolonifera L.) site in Oregon and 2 high-elevation sedge (Carex spp. L.) sites in Idaho were studied for 3 years. Several combinations of defoliation, compaction, nutrient return, and season of use were examined. The redtop community responded to spring, fall, or spring-fall defoliations by maintaining or increasing the following year's aboveground biomass production. The sedge communities maintained or decreased the following years's biomass production after spring, mid summer, or late summer defoliations. An increase in forbs occurred in 1 sedge community following spring defoliations to 1- or 5-cm residual stubble heights. The most consistent plant response among areas was reduction in height growth and biomass production following compaction treatments. When both defoliation and compaction are considered, it appears that spring, fall, or spring and fall grazing to a 5-cm stubble height on the redtop site would not decrease riparian herbage production. In contrast, when defoliation, compaction, and nutrient return effects are considered in the mountain meadow sedge-dominated communities, grazing once annually during the growing season to a 5-cm stubble height in the spring, or to a 10-cm stubble height in late summer, or at a utilization rate exceeding 30% of the total annual biomass production can reduce herbage production significantly. Results suggest that many of the land management agency riparian guidelines would maintain biomass productivity in these sedge-dominated communities. RP CLARY, WP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,BOISE FORESTRY SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,RIPARIAN STREAM ECOSYST RES WORK UNIT,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.2307/4002499 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA496 UT WOS:A1995QA49600002 ER PT J AU IBARRAF, FA COX, JR MARTINR, MH CROWL, TA CALL, CA AF IBARRAF, FA COX, JR MARTINR, MH CROWL, TA CALL, CA TI PREDICTING BUFFELGRASS SURVIVAL ACROSS A GEOGRAPHICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CENCHRUS-CILIARIS L; RANGE SEEDING; CLIMATE; SOIL NUTRIENTS; MEXICO; TEXAS; KENYA ID QUEENSLAND; GRASSES; SEED AB This research was designed to identify relationships between T-4464 buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) survival and climatic and soil characteristics. At 167 buffelgrass seeding sites in North America we collected climatic and soils data where the grass: 1) persisted over time and increased in area covered (spreads), 2) persisted over time but does not increase in area covered (persists), and 3) declined over time and all plants eventually died (dies). At 30 sites in Kenya we collected climatic and soils data in the area where T-4464 seed was originally collected. Only total soil nitrogen and organic carbon differed among survival regimes. Total soil nitrogen and organic carbon concentrations were least where buffelgrass spreads, intermediate where the grass persists and greatest where the grass dies. To predict buffelgrass survival among the 3 survival regimes, and between areas where the grass spreads or dies, we used discriminant function analyses. A model including organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, sand, clay, potassium and cation exchange capacity correctly classified 78% (r2 = 0.8) of the seeding sites in the 3 survival regimes. A model including sand, total soil nitrogen, calcium, mean minimum temperature in the coldest month, annual precipitation and winter precipitation correctly classified 88% (r2 = 0.8) of the seeding sites between spreads and dies. Survival regime selection prior to brush control, seedbed preparation and sowing will reduce planting failure probabilities, soil erosion and economic losses, and enhance long-term beef production. C1 CTR INVEST PECUARIES ESTATO SONORA,SONORA,MEXICO. TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR CTR RES & EXTENS,VERNON,TX 76305. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CTR ECOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ. USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT. UTAH STATE UNIV,WATERSHED SCI UNIT,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP IBARRAF, FA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. RI Crowl, Todd/C-9576-2011 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.2307/4002504 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA496 UT WOS:A1995QA49600007 ER PT J AU MARTINR, MH COX, JR IBARRAF, F AF MARTINR, MH COX, JR IBARRAF, F TI CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON BUFFELGRASS PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SONORAN DESERT SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CENCHURS-CILIARIS L; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS COMPONENTS; PERENNIAL INTRODUCED GRASS; NORTHWEST MEXICO; HOT DESERT; NORTH AMERICA ID GRASSES AB Buffelgrass (Cenchrus cilaris L.), a perennial bunchgrass from northcentral Kenya has been successfully seeded on 400,000 ha in northwest Mexico. To determine if carrying capacity increased after buffelgrass introduction we measured live, recent-dead standing, old-dead standing and litter at 2-week intervals for three years. Live biomass was produced throughout the year but peak production, over the 3 years was in August. Peak live biomass production varied from 465 kg/ha in a summer of below-average precipitation to 3,045 kg/ha in a summer of above-average precipitation. Recent- and old-dead standing quantities were highly variable among years and transfers among components were dependent on temperature and precipitation. Buffelgrass annually produces about 3 times more green forage than native grasses. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. CTR INVESIGAC PECUARIAS ESTADO SONORA,SONORA,MEXICO. TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,VERNON,TX 76385. USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ. USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT. RP MARTINR, MH (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.2307/4002505 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA496 UT WOS:A1995QA49600008 ER PT J AU BERG, WA AF BERG, WA TI RESPONSE OF A MIXED NATIVE WARM-SEASON GRASS PLANTING TO NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SOUTHERN PLAINS; MARGINAL FARMLAND; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; BLUE GRAMA; SIDEOATS GRAMA; WARM-SEASON ANNUALS AB Plant available nitrogen limits production of native warm-season grasses on marginal farmland in the Southern Plains. In this western Oklahoma study, N was applied at 0, 35, 70, or 105 kg N ha-1 yr-1 to a mixed stand of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths), sideoats grama (B. curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash), sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash). The grass was established on sandy loam soil farmed an estimated 90 years. With near-normal precipitation the first year, production of perennial grasses increased linearly with 26 kg herbage produced kg-1 N applied. In drouth conditions, the second and third years, production averaged 10 kg herbage kg-1 N applied. The fourth and fifth year the stand was not fertilized and residual effects measured. Herbage production increased 10 kg for each kg N applied over the previous 3 years. Blue Grama made up much of this increased herbage production along with warm-season annuals (Panicum capillare L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L.). With increasing N rates the residual N effect increased the proportion of blue grama and decreased the proportion of taller perennial grasses. Thus, N fertilization of mixed native warm-season grass stands established on marginal farmland, typical of stands established on sandier soils under the USDA Conservation Reserve Program, can result in substantial herbage yield increases, however, some of the increased yield may be from weedy species. RP BERG, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.2307/4002506 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QA496 UT WOS:A1995QA49600009 ER PT J AU VALLET, JL CHRISTENSON, RK BARTOL, FF WILEY, AA AF VALLET, JL CHRISTENSON, RK BARTOL, FF WILEY, AA TI EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH RETINYL PALMITATE, PROGESTERONE, ESTRADIOL AND TAMOXIFEN ON SECRETION OF A PROTEIN SIMILAR TO RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN DURING UTERINE GLAND DEVELOPMENT IN NEONATAL PIGS SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A; UTERUS; ACID; CELLS; GENE; SWINE; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; ESTRADIOL AB Previous work has demonstrated that uterine secretion of a protein with M(r) 20 000 and pI 5.5 increases during neonatal endometrial gland development. Uterine tissue was collected from a 60-day-old gilt and cultured in 0.1 x leucine minimum essential medium (MEM) plus 50 mu Ci [H-3]leucine to determine whether this protein is related to retinol-binding protein (RBP). Conditioned medium was immunoprecipitated using anti-human RBP antiserum. A radioactive protein with M(r) 20 000 and pI 5.5 was specifically immunoprecipitated from the conditioned medium. Uteri from neonatal gilts were collected at birth (day 0) and on days 3, 6, 9 and 12, cultured, and secreted proteins were immunoprecipitated as described above to determine whether secretion of immunoreactive RBP increased coincident with initiation of endometrial gland development. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the secretion of immunoreactive RBP increased by day 3. Finally, gilts were treated each day with corn oil, retinyl palmitate (10 000 iu day(-1)), progesterone (20 mg day(-1)), oestradiol (100 mu g day(-1)) or tamoxifen (1 mg day(-1) or 0.1 mg day(-1)) for 14 days beginning at birth to determine the effects of these treatments on endometrial gland development and uterine secretion of immunoreactive RBP. On day 14, gilts were killed and uteri collected. Uterine tissue samples were prepared for histology (to evaluate uterine development using morphometry) and for culture in 0.1 x methionine MEM plus 25 mu Ci [S-35]methionine (to evaluate uterine protein synthesis). Secretion of immunoreactive RBP was evaluated by immunoprecipitation. Retinyl palmitate increased (P < 0.05) glandular epithelial area without altering other uterine components or secretion of uterine immunoreactive RBP. Progesterone decreased (P < 0.05) secretion of uterine immunoreactive REP but did not affect uterine histological measurements. Treatment with oestradiol and 1 mg tamoxifen day(-1) stimulated (P < 0.01) secretion of uterine immunoreactive RBP and increased all the uterine components measured (P < 0.01). These results are consistent with a role for RBP and retinol in the development of the uterus during the neonatal period. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,AUBURN,AL. RP VALLET, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 103 IS 1 BP 189 EP 197 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA QL489 UT WOS:A1995QL48900025 PM 7707297 ER PT J AU LARNEY, FJ BULLOCK, MS MCGINN, SM FRYREAR, DW AF LARNEY, FJ BULLOCK, MS MCGINN, SM FRYREAR, DW TI QUANTIFYING WIND EROSION ON SUMMER FALLOW IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID FIELD; SOIL; SAMPLER AB Wind erosion on summer fallow is a pervasive problem on the semi-arid Canadian prairies. Quantifying soil losses caused by wind erosion in terms of weight of topsoil per unit area has not been possible in the past. A Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS), being developed by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, will calculate average soil loss/deposition over a specified area and time. A WEPS validation site was established on a fallow field in southern Alberta in November 1990. Using BSNE dust samplers, a total of 16 erosion events (wind storms causing measurable soil movement) were monitored between April 1991 and May 1992. Total soil loss was 144 Mg/ha (64.5 ton/ac). Losses due to individual storms varied from 0.3 to 30.4 Mg/ha (0.1 to 13.6 ton/ac). Based on the fastest rate of soil renewal reported, it would take about 17 years to replace the topsoil removed. Storm minimum wind speed (threshold conditions for erosion) declined as the fallow season progressed, indicating increased susceptibility to erosion. This was likely a result of the weathering action of precipitation during the summer and freeze/thaw activity during the winter. Precipitation and crusting acted as deterrents to erosion later in the fallow season. The increased surface roughness caused by a seeding operation also protected against erosion. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,BIG SPRING,TX 79721. RP LARNEY, FJ (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,LETHBRIDGE,AB T1J 4B1,CANADA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 50 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA QE015 UT WOS:A1995QE01500021 ER PT J AU FELDHAKE, CM BOYER, DG AF FELDHAKE, CM BOYER, DG TI SOIL-WATER DEPLETION BY C(3) AND C(4) PASTURE GRASSES IN CENTRAL APPALACHIA SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Changing vegetation type can change soil water utilization patterns and alter an area's hydrologic balance. This study was conducted to determine the impact of changing hill land pastures from C3 to C4 grasses on soil water levels. Soil water status was monitored at 920 m (3,000 ft) elevation and 615 m (2,000 ft) elevation sites in Central Appalachia. Plots were planted with a C3 grass-orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. var. 'Pennlate'), a C4 grass-switch-grass (Panicum vigatum L. var. 'Cave-in-Rock'); and another C4 grass-bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. var. 'Quicksand Common'). At the 920 m elevation site, orchardgrass frequently maintained a 2-4 cm (0.8-1.6 in) greater soil water depletion level than switchgrass or bermudagrass. There was no consistent significant difference at the 615 m site. Additionally, there was no trend of soil water depletion differences between switchgrass and bermudagrass at either site in spite of large differences in canopy height and geometry. Overall soil water depletion was greater at the 615 m site than at the 920 m site which may have been influenced by differences in soil properties. Higher water yield as streamflow may result from higher elevation sites when C4 grasses are grown rather than C3 grasses. RP FELDHAKE, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 50 IS 1 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA QE015 UT WOS:A1995QE01500024 ER PT J AU AASE, JK PIKUL, JL AF AASE, JK PIKUL, JL TI TERRACE FORMATION IN CROPPING STRIPS PROTECTED BY TALL WHEATGRASS BARRIERS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID GRASS BARRIERS AB Tall wheatgrass barriers have been successfully tested in the northern Great Plains for wind erosion control and plant protection. Our objective was to document the passive formation of hillside terraces occasioned by grass barriers on a variable 2 to 4% west to east slope. Eleven double-row tall wheatgrass [Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski] barriers with 10 15-m-wide cropping intervals 530 m long were established in 1967 on a Williams loam (fine-loamy mixed, Typic Argiboroll) 11 km north of Culberton, Montana. The barriers were oriented north and south in traditional field orientation. In 1991 we established four transects 15 m apart across the barrier system and designated five sampling points along the transects in each cropping interval for a total of 200 sampling points. To avoid confounding by slopes parallel to the barriers, we selected a segment of the barrier system on a near 0% north to south slope for the measurements. Elevation was determined at each point, and soil cores were taken to a depth of about 90 cm to determine depth to CaCO3 layer, and to determine total and organic carbon by 5 cm increments. A stair-step pattern, with a maximum drop of 30 cm from one grass barrier to an adjacent cropping interval, was documented. Depth to CaCO3 and organic carbon concentration increased downslope between barriers, showing soil movement. Grass barriers may serve as a substitute for mechanically built terraces. RP AASE, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR,SIDNEY,MT 59270, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 50 IS 1 BP 110 EP 112 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA QE015 UT WOS:A1995QE01500025 ER PT J AU Horne, JE Kalevitch, AE Filimonova, MV AF Horne, JE Kalevitch, AE Filimonova, MV TI Soil acidity effect on initial wheat growth and development SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB This study explored the effects of soil acidity on vegetative growth and germination of wheat. Five wheat cultivars, two American ('Triumph 64,' Wakefield') and three Russian ('Mironovskaya 808,' 'Bezostaya,' and 'Inna'), were investigated for germination, growth, and dry matter accumulation under controlled conditions to eliminate the effect of environmental factors such as temperature, light, and precipitation. Soils with similar texture and various pH values were chosen for experiments. Soil was sampled from pastures where future wheat production may occur. Dry Matter Accumulation (DMA), percentage of seed germination, and height of seedlings were strongly reduced by acidic soils. The percent of wheat seeds germination (pH 4.99) for American cultivars Wakefield and Triumph 64 was 80.7 and 71.3 respectively. The percent of germination for Russian varieties was 74.0 (Mironovskaya 808), 75.6 (Bezostaya), and 77.3 (Inna) at pH 4.99. The height of seedlings for tested cultivars was always less on acidic soil (pH 4.99). Developing a wider range of wheat cultivars tested for acidic soils of southeastern Oklahoma would make a significant contribution to agriculture. C1 USDA,NATL SUSTAINABLE AGR ADVISORY COUNCIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. PUSHCHINO STATE UNIV,COLL ECOL & BIOSPHERE,PUSHCHINO,RUSSIA. RP Horne, JE (reprint author), KERR CTR SUSTAINABLE AGR INC,DIV FIELD RES & LAB ANAL,POB 588,HIGHWAY 271 S,POTEAU,OK 74953, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 5 EP 13 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA UP325 UT WOS:A1995UP32500003 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Daberkow, SG AF Huang, WY Daberkow, SG TI The role of planting flexibility and the acreage reduction program in encouraging sustainable agriculture practices SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB This paper demonstrates the interrelationship between Normal Flex Acres (NFA) and the Acreage Reduction program (ARP) based on a profit-maximizing model of a representative western cornbelt farm. The analysis indicates that the commodity program participation decision is jointly dependent on the ARP and NFA levels. Furthermore, the ARP and NFA policy parameters have different implications for the environment, farm income, government payments, and crop diversity. The model is used to illustrate the impact of increasing the NFA on program participation, farm income, crop diversity, and government payments. For example, with a zero ARP, increasing the NFA in 1994 to 63 percent would result in farmers being just as well off as in 1993 while growing a more diverse crop mix. These results hold only when the marginal return (excluding government payments) of a non-program crop exceeds that of a program crop. The paper also examines the case where the marginal return for a program crop is superior to that of a non-program crop. RP Huang, WY (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA UP324 UT WOS:A1995UP32400006 ER PT J AU Widodo Hafner, TP Gray, E AF Widodo Hafner, TP Gray, E TI Equidistant plant spacing and yield components of bush snap beans SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB 'Blue Lake 274' and 'Kentucky Wonder 125' bush snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were compared at four equidistant spacings, (7, 14, 21, 28 cm) in 1989 and 1990 at Bowling Green, Kentucky. The biomass was separated into vegetative and pod yields. Pods were further divided into hulls and seeds. Pods/plant, seeds/ plant, and seeds/pod were counted. Total biomass yield and all components except seeds/pod differed significantly for spacing treatments. Growing seasons and cultivars significantly affected yields; however, none of the years x spacings or cultivars x spacings interactions were significant. Plants of these two determinate cultivars exhibited significant plasticity in individual plant response to spacing for both vegetative and reproductive yields. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614. WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT AGR,BOWLING GREEN,KY 42101. RP Widodo (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1995 VL 6 IS 2-3 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA TZ279 UT WOS:A1995TZ27900002 ER PT J AU Waggoner, DK Nipp, TL Harris, BL Waggoner, DB Weber, GM AF Waggoner, DK Nipp, TL Harris, BL Waggoner, DB Weber, GM TI Protection of water quality: A multicomponent challenge for livestock producers SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Intensive animal production systems produce concentrated animal wastes. Livestock producers should recognize the threat their operations may pose to surface and ground water quality. More than 100 million tons of dry livestock and poultry manures are produced annually in the United States, translating to more than one billion tons of manure on a wet basis. Emerging innovative approaches to animal waste management include composting, biogas generation, thermochemical conversion, fiber recovery, and use of ammonia-absorbing zeolite amendments and bacteria inoculants. Proper management of livestock waste can be affected through application of best management practices (BMPs), as components of integrated resource management (IRM) programs. Those involved in designing livestock waste systems should strive for operational simplicity in meeting the following four objectives: (1) pollution control, (2) operational efficiency, (3) manure nutrient utilization, and (4) source and nuisance reduction. Adequate manure removal, sanitation, or management is a vital first step to maintaining animal and human health, efficient production, and protection of environmental quality. Prevention of air and water pollution by animal wastes will require proven methods of source reduction, storage, preservation, distribution, and utilization of plant nutrients in animal wastes. Through enhanced water quality monitoring demonstrations and refined analytical techniques which allow early warning, livestock producers will be able to develop plans to mitigate or prevent water quality hazards. Government policies need to be crafted to provide rational infrastructure and support to producers in the development of management programs to protect water quality. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. MASSEY UNIV,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. USDA,EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Waggoner, DK (reprint author), NATL ASSOC STATE UNIV & LAND GRANT COLL,236 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NE,SUITE 400,WASHINGTON,DC 20002, USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1995 VL 6 IS 2-3 BP 157 EP 176 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA TZ279 UT WOS:A1995TZ27900012 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, W YEE, J AF FERGUSON, W YEE, J TI A LOGIT MODEL OF COTTON PRODUCER PARTICIPATION IN PROFESSIONAL SCOUT PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB A logit model is estimated using data from a 1989 USDA survey of cotton farmers in the 14 major cotton producing States. A primary objective of this analysis is to identify factors impacting the probability of producer participation in a professional scout program, an important vehicle of integrated pest management (IPM). Results suggest the probability of participation is influenced by yield, pesticide use, and nonchemical control. Further, the probability of participation also is influenced by the producer's age, education, tenure, and enrollment in federal crop insurance. Producers in the Southern Plains have a greater propensity to participate in a professional scouting program than producers in the Southeast, Delta, and West regions. RP FERGUSON, W (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1300/J064v05n03_07 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA RG905 UT WOS:A1995RG90500007 ER PT J AU RAPER, RL BAILEY, AC BURT, EC WAY, TR LIBERATI, P AF RAPER, RL BAILEY, AC BURT, EC WAY, TR LIBERATI, P TI THE EFFECTS OF REDUCED INFLATION PRESSURE ON SOIL-TIRE INTERFACE STRESSES AND SOIL STRENGTH SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article AB Inflation pressures as low as 41 kPa have been recommended by agricultural tire manufacturers for minimizing an oscillatory vibration problem, commonly called ''power hop''. Other benefits of these lower inflation pressures might include decreased soil-tire interface pressures, increased tire performance, and decreased soil compaction. Measurements of soil-tire interface stresses were made at four positions on the lugs and at three positions between lugs on an 18.4-R38 R-1 radial tractor tire operated at four combinations of dynamic load and inflation pressure. These measurements showed that as inflation pressure increased, the soil-tire interface stresses near the center of the tire increased, while the stresses near the edge of the tire did not change. The increased stresses near the center of the tire were also transferred to the soil as a compaction increase sensed with the cone penetrometer. ''Correctly'' inflated tires (i.e. lower inflation pressures) also improved net traction and tractive efficiency. RP RAPER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 32 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/0022-4898(95)00002-I PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA RW516 UT WOS:A1995RW51600004 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DL SILSBEE, DG POTH, M ARBAUGH, MJ BILES, FE AF PETERSON, DL SILSBEE, DG POTH, M ARBAUGH, MJ BILES, FE TI GROWTH-RESPONSE OF BIGCONE DOUGLAS-FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA-MACROCARPA) TO LONG-TERM OZONE EXPOSURE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; PONDEROSA PINE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; NATURAL-SELECTION; TREE; DEPOSITION; POLLUTANTS; TOLERANCE; DROUGHT; INDEXES AB Long-term radial growth of bigcone Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa) was studied throughout its range in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, where ambient ozone has been high for approximately the past 40 years. A gradient of both ozone concentration and precipitation exists from west (high) to east (low). Growth rates of bigcone Douglas fir are considerably lower since 1950 throughout the San Bernardino Mountains, with the largest growth reductions in the western part of the range where ozone exposure is highest. Needle retention is also somewhat lower high ozone sites. Lower annual precipitation since 1950 may have some impact on long-term growth reductions, and short-term growth reductions induced by drought are an important component of long-term growth reductions at sites with high ozone exposure. An ozone-climate stress complex may be responsible for recent reductions in the growth of bigcone Douglas fir. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP PETERSON, DL (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COOPERAT PK STUDIES UNIT,AR-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QC156 UT WOS:A1995QC15600006 PM 15658165 ER PT J AU BOOTH, S MADABUSHI, HT DAVIDSON, KW SADOWSKI, JA AF BOOTH, S MADABUSHI, HT DAVIDSON, KW SADOWSKI, JA TI TEA AND COFFEE BREWS ARE NOT DIETARY SOURCES OF VITAMIN-K-1 (PHYLLOQUINONE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID WARFARIN C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 95 IS 1 BP 82 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00018-6 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QA291 UT WOS:A1995QA29100013 PM 7798585 ER PT J AU BAILEY, DG AF BAILEY, DG TI PRESERVATION OF CATTLE HIDES WITH POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WET PROCESS TECHNOLOGY AB Research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Potassium chloride (KCl) as an alternative to sodium chloride (NaCl) for the preservation of cattle hides. The incentive for this research is that concentrated KCl solutions do not cause the environmental problems that are associated with saturated brine. Excess KCl brine from a curing raceway can be applied directly to the soil as a fertilizer providing potassium, a necessary plant macro nutrient. While KCl is more expensive than salt on a pound for pound basis the savings in brine disposal is some situations will more than make up the difference. On a laboratory scale we have demonstrated that cattle hide samples soaked in concentrated solutions of KCl and drained of excess moisture appeared to be well preserved after six months. A matched side study of KCl cured hides vs. NaCl cured hides was conducted in which the sides were stored for forty days before tanning. No significant differences were observed in two different lines of leather manufactured from these hides. RP BAILEY, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA QZ759 UT WOS:A1995QZ75900002 ER PT J AU KNOTHE, G DUNN, RO BAGBY, MO AF KNOTHE, G DUNN, RO BAGBY, MO TI SURFACE-TENSION STUDIES ON NOVEL ALLYLIC MONOHYDROXY AND DIHYDROXY FATTY COMPOUNDS - A METHOD TO DISTINGUISH ERYTHRO THREO DIASTEREOMERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION; DIASTEREOMER CHARACTERIZATION; HYDROXY FATTY ACID; SELENIUM DIOXIDE; SURFACE TENSION; SURFACTANT ID OLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; PHASE; MICROEMULSIONS; BIOCONVERSION; COSURFACTANTS; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS AB The suitability of the selenium dioxide/tert.-butyl-hydroperoxide system for obtaining allylic mono- and dihydroxy fatty compounds has recently been reported. The surface tension of some selected products was determined in 1 N NaOH and compared to that of some known materials, such as ricinoleic acid. The surface properties of the novel monohydroxy fatty acids are comparable or better than those of the reference materials. The critical micelle concentrations of the novel monohydroxy acids are in the range 10(-4)-10(-3) mol/L, depending on their structure. Furthermore, the monohydroxy acids were more effective when the hydroxy group was closer to the functional group at C1. Allylic dihydroxy acids also towered the surface tension but less so than the monohydroxy compounds. The erythro and three diastereomers of the allylic dihydroxy acids can be distinguished by surface tension, with the three diastereomers possessing better surfactant properties. Mixtures of the novel hydroxy fatty acids are also effective, thus obviating the need for complete purification of the products. Side products such as enones, which are formed during the allylic hydroxylations, also lower the surface tension. The products may be suitable for use in microemulsions or as additives in various commercial products. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,OIL CHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1007/BF02635777 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QB839 UT WOS:A1995QB83900007 ER PT J AU DUNN, RO BAGBY, MO AF DUNN, RO BAGBY, MO TI AGGREGATION OF UNSATURATED LONG-CHAIN FATTY ALCOHOLS IN NONAQUEOUS SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE AGGREGATE; ALKANOL; CONDUCTIVITY; CONFIGURATION; CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION; DEGREE OF UNSATURATION; MICROEMULSION; NONAQUEOUS SOLVENT; SOLUBILIZATION; TAILGROUP COILING; TRIGLYCERIDE; UNSATURATED LONG-CHAIN FATTY ALCOHOL; VISCOSITY ID REVERSE MICELLES; MICROEMULSIONS; ESTERIFICATION; LIPASE; PHASE AB Aggregation and related phenomena in nonaqueous binary and ternary solutions containing unsaturated long-chain fatty alcohol amphiphiles have been studied. Six C-18 fatty alcohols were studied-oleyl alcohol (9Z-octadecen-1-ol), elaidyl alcohol (9E-octadecen-1-ol), linoleyl alcohol (9Z, 12Z-octadecadien-1-ol), elaidolinoleyl alcohol (9E, 12E-octadecadien-1-ol), linolenyl alcohol (9Z, 12Z, 15Z-octadecatrien-1-ol) and elaidolinolenyl alcohol (9E, 12E, 15E-octadecatrien-1-ol). Equivalent conductivity and photon correlation spectroscopy confirmed that unsaturated long-chain fatty alcohols form large and polydisperse aggregates in methanol. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) results showed that the degree of unsaturation and configuration of the double bonds in the fatty alcohol significantly influences aggregation. Aggregation of oleyl alcohol in a series of straight and branched medium-chainlength (C-3-C-8) alkanol solvents was studied. For shorter-chained alkanols (C-1-C-4), decreasing solvent dielectric constant decreases the CMC; however, for longer-chained alkanols (C-4-C-8), no significant effects occurred on the CMC. The effect of solubilized soybean oil on the viscosity of long-chain fatty alcohol/methanol solutions was also analyzed. Relative viscosity results were consistent with those expected for microemulsions. Although preliminary in nature, these results generally support the notion that soybean oil is solubilized by incorporation into large soybean oil-in-fatty alcohol aggregates in methanol solvent, resembling a nonaqueous detergentless microemulsion. RP DUNN, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1007/BF02635789 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QB839 UT WOS:A1995QB83900019 ER PT J AU SPARKS, D REID, W YATES, IE SMITH, MW STEVENSON, TG AF SPARKS, D REID, W YATES, IE SMITH, MW STEVENSON, TG TI FRUITING STRESS INDUCES SHUCK DECLINE AND PREMATURE GERMINATION IN PECAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA ILLINOENSIS; SHUCK DISEASE; VIVIPARY; FRUIT THINNING; MICROSCOPY ID TREES AB The influence of fruiting stress on shuck decline, nut quality, and premature germination was evaluated on trees of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh,) C. Koch], Fruit at the liquid endosperm stage were removed from trees with a mechanical shaker to reduce crop load by 0%, 25%, 41%, 56%, or 77%. Shuck decline and premature germination decreased and kernel quality increased with a reduction in crop load, An excessive fruit load or fruit stress elevated the incidence of shuck decline, previously referred to as shuck disease, tulip disease, shuck die-back, or late season shuck disorder; decreased kernel development; and increased premature germination, Shucks were dissected from fruit ranging from healthy to those with premature shuck opening and examined by scanning electron, transmission electron, and light microscopy, Fungal growth was detectable, but only after tissue degeneration had occurred. Thus, results indicate the onset of shuck decline is caused by stress associated with an excessive crop load and not a pathological disorder. Fungal growth is a secondary, not a primary, factor in deterioration of shucks with decline. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,PECAN EXPT FIELD,CHETOPA,KS 67336. USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,STILLWATER,OK 74078. WETHERBEE ENTERPRISES,ALBANY,GA 31706. RP SPARKS, D (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 120 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PZ868 UT WOS:A1995PZ86800007 ER PT J AU LICHTENFELS, JR AF LICHTENFELS, JR TI CHITWOOD,MAYBELLE,HUTSON (1908-1994) - IN-MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Item About an Individual RP LICHTENFELS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 62 IS 1 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA QG931 UT WOS:A1995QG93100027 ER PT J AU SKINNER, DZ CAMACHO, RF AF SKINNER, DZ CAMACHO, RF TI GENETIC DIVERSITY WITHIN A POTATO LEAFHOPPER (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) POPULATION INFESTING ALFALFA SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; APHIDIDAE; PATTERNS; MOSQUITO; MARKERS; RAPD AB Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to examine genetic diversity within a potato leafhopper population infesting an alfalfa field in Kansas. Eight primers were used to generate a total of 52 RAPD fragments; 46 were polymorphic. All 48 potato leafhopper individuals examined had unique RAPD fragment profiles. Calculations of genetic parameters revealed little evidence of genetic linkage disequilibrium, suggesting the population was panmictic. The average genetic distance (proportion of loci at which two insects differed) was 0.29 +/- 0.11, and the estimated average level of heterozygosity per locus was 0.26 +/- 0.17. The high level of genetic variation within a potato leafhopper population infesting an alfalfa field appears to be maintained through random mating. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SKINNER, DZ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 68 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QR040 UT WOS:A1995QR04000005 ER PT J AU DYSART, RJ AF DYSART, RJ TI NEW HOST RECORDS FOR NORTH-AMERICAN SCELIO (HYMENOPTERA, SCELIONIDAE), PARASITIC ON GRASSHOPPER EGGS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A seven-year (1988-1994) study of parasitism in grasshopper egg-pods collected in northeastern Montana and northwestern North Dakota yielded 5822 viable egg-pods of 16 acridid species. The two most numerous species were Melanoplus bivittatus Say (3260 pods) and M. sanguinipes (F.) (1197 pods). A total of 577 egg-pods of six grasshopper species was parasitized by four species of scelionid wasps: Scelio opacus (Provancher), S. rufulus Muesebeck, S. semirufus Muesebeck, and S. striativentris Kieffer. Scelio opacus was the dominant parasite species, accounting for 91.7% of the total parasitized pods. Overall, parasitism of egg-pods by Scelio spp. averaged only 10.7% (577/5382), suggesting that these native parasites have little impact on grasshopper populations. The sex ratios of all four species of Scelio were highly female-biased. Nine new host records and several new geographical distributions for the four species of Scelio were documented. The new hosts recorded for each of the four scelionid species are: (1) Scelio opacus: M. packardii Scudder and Spharagemon equale (Say); (2) Scelio rufulus: Camnula pellucida (Scudder), M. bivittatus, and S. equale; (3) Scelio semirufus: M. bivittatus and M. Packardii; and (4) Scelio striativentris: M. packardii and M. sanguinipes. As more rearing data is accumulated, it is likely that more species of Scelio will be found parasitizing more than one acridid host. While not host specific, certain parasite species may be habitat specific. Their apparent preferences for particular species of egg-pods may result from searching in restricted habitats. RP DYSART, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRASSHOPPER IPM PROJECT, RANGELAND INSECT LAB, SIDNEY, MT 59270 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 68 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QR040 UT WOS:A1995QR04000009 ER PT J AU RIEDELL, WE SUTTER, GR AF RIEDELL, WE SUTTER, GR TI SOIL-MOISTURE AND SURVIVAL OF WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM LARVAE IN-FIELD PLOTS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; MAIZE AB During the 1993 growing season, extensive rainfall fell upon field plots that had been manually infested with western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) eggs. The topography of the plot area and extensive precipitation combined to saturate the topsoil in a portion of the field during egg hatch. In this area, larval feeding (root-damage ratings) and survival to adulthood (beetle emergence) were significantly reduced when compared with the portion of the field that had unsaturated soil. Root pull resistance was also lower in the saturated portion of the field, suggesting that the soil moisture conditions that reduced western corn rootworm populations also inhibited root growth. These findings suggest that, while water saturated soil at specific times of the life cycle may reduce corn rootworm populations, the magnitude and duration of this treatment needed to achieve this reduction may adversely affect plant growth and development. RP RIEDELL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RR 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 68 IS 1 BP 80 EP 84 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QR040 UT WOS:A1995QR04000010 ER PT J AU Day, WH AF Day, WH TI Biological observations on Phasia robertsonii (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae), a native parasite of adult plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) feeding on alfalfa and grasses SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE AB Phasia larvae were found only in the adult stage of the mirid species examined. Only one species of Phasia was detected, P. robertsonii Townsend); this species has been known by several other names, but most publications refer to it as Alophorella aeneoventris (Williston). P. robertsonii was reared from six species of mirids (ranked by parasitism level): Leproprema dolabrara (L.) (1.8%), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot) (0.6%), Megaloceroea recticornis (Geoffroy) (0.4%), Stenotus binotatus (F.) (0.2%), Trigonotylus coelestialium (Kirkaidy) (0.2%), and Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (0.1%). Five of these host records have not been reported before, and represent a wide variety of hosts-grass and legume feeders, univoltine to poly-voltine species, and immigrant as well as native mirids. The significance of this broad host range is discussed, including its relation to the low parasitism rates observed in this study and others. P. robertsonii had two generations per year in northwestern New Jersey, the first mainly in June and mostly on grass-feeding mirids, and the second exclusively on Lygus in October. No pupal diapause was detected, but parasite larvae may overwinter inside Lygus adults. The very Low parasitism rates indicate that tachinids provide little or no population suppression of the six mirid species studied. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,501 S CHAPEL ST,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 103 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TP959 UT WOS:A1995TP95900011 ER PT J AU JONES, BA HATFIELD, RD MUCK, RE AF JONES, BA HATFIELD, RD MUCK, RE TI SCREENING LEGUME FORAGES FOR SOLUBLE PHENOLS, POLYPHENOL OXIDASE AND EXTRACT BROWNING SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE WOUNDING; QUINONES; OXIDATION; OXIDATIVE INHIBITION; DIPHENOLS ID OLIVES; GRAPES AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a legume that will brown quickly upon harvesting. This browning of red clover has been correlated to a reduction in proteolysis and requires the presence of a polyphenol oxidase and soluble phenol substrates. A method was developed to screen forages for soluble phenols, soluble polyphenol oxidase activity and extract browning. Fourteen different legumes and 24 red clovers (22 plant introductions and two cultivars), field grown in replicated plots, were screened. Of the different legumes, only red clover had measurable soluble polyphenol oxidase activity (7.70 abs g(-1) leaf) and underwent browning (0.245 abs g(-1) leaf). This extract browning and polyphenol oxidase activity were present in all red clovers tested and ranged from 0.153 to 0.458 and 6.00 to 9.00 abs g(-1) leaf, respectively. All of the legumes, including all red clovers, gave a positive response for soluble phenols. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 12 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food. Agric. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 1 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740670117 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QC310 UT WOS:A1995QC31000016 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK DUKE, SO AF ABBAS, HK DUKE, SO TI PHYTOTOXINS FROM PLANT-PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL HERBICIDES SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SYRINGAE PV-SYRINGAE; JIMSONWEED DATURA-STRAMONIUM; F-SP LYCOPERSICI; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA AB Plant pathogens remain a largely untapped reservoir of natural compounds with potential as herbicides or as herbicide leads. Many preliminary studies have identified a variety of non-host-specific phytotoxins isolated from pathogenic bacteria and fungi that deserve further investigation. Host-specific phytotoxins are less numerous and have sometimes been shown to have broader spectra when tested on a variety of plants, including weeds, This may allow the application of these toxins or their analogs in weed management. The study of phytotoxins produced by weed pathogens is relatively new. This may be where the greatest chance of developing commercial herbicides lies. Because they are derived from weed-infesting pathogens, such phytotoxins may have more chance of being toxic to weeds and less likelihood of damaging crops. However, much work still needs to be done, including isolation, purification, and host specificity testing, as well as production and safety studies. Since the traditional methods of herbicide discovery are becoming less productive, the study of microbially-derived herbicides could be a major source of new herbicides and herbicide templates in the future. More effort should be expended in this area of research in the future, despite the obstacles that exist. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 106 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 523 EP 543 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TD019 UT WOS:A1995TD01900002 ER PT J AU MENGELING, WL LAGER, KM VORWALD, AC AF MENGELING, WL LAGER, KM VORWALD, AC TI DIAGNOSIS OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB The most suitable tissue samples and test procedures for the etiologic diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) were found to depend on several variables including the age of the pig from which tissues were collected, the stage of infection (acute or persistent), the available complement of diagnostic reagents, and the urgency in obtaining results. When the diagnosis involved acute infection of congenitally or neonatally infected pigs, and susceptible cell culture(s) was available for virus isolation, then both serum and alveolar macrophages (AM) were reliable samples. Alveolar macrophages flushed from infected lungs provided a temporal advantage, however, in that in addition to their use for virus isolation, i.e., from a lysate of AM, they could be cultured in vitro and examined for the presence of viral antigens by immunofluorescence microscopy (FA) as early as 1 hour after they were added to the culture vessel. The examination of AM in this manner also circumvented the need for additional cell cultures to test for infectious virus. Testing presuckling sera by indirect FA for antibodies to PRRS virus also was of diagnostic value and, like FA with AM, could be completed soon after sample collection. For older pigs, AM were more reliable than serum, lungs, or any of 27 other tissues evaluated as diagnostic samples and were often the only samples in which infectious virus and viral antigens were detected when pigs were euthanized more than 3 weeks postexposure. A simple procedure for on-farm collection of AM as well as methods for testing AM for viral antigens and neonatal (presuckling) sera for homologous antibody in a modestly equipped laboratory, such as one that might be maintained by a veterinary practitioner, are described and discussed. RP MENGELING, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QL878 UT WOS:A1995QL87800001 PM 7779961 ER PT J AU BAETZ, AL WESLEY, IV AF BAETZ, AL WESLEY, IV TI DETECTION OF ANTI-LISTERIOLYSIN-O IN DAIRY-CATTLE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB A dot-blot assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect listeriosis in dairy cattle were developed that detected anti-listeriolysin O antibodies in the serum of cows experimentally infected with Listeria monocytogenes. The tests utilized purified listeriolysin O (LLO) as the detection antigen and streptolysin O (SLO) to absorb cross-reacting antibodies. The two tests were compared with an agglutination test that used formalin-killed whole L. monocytogenes cells. Blood samples were collected periodically from 17 cows after intramammary gland infection, and the development of anti-LLO antibodies was followed by an agglutination test, the dot-blot test, and the ELISA. In general, an agglutination titer of >640 was needed for a positive dot-blot anti-LLO test for nonpregnant cows. However, 1 pregnant cow with an agglutination titer of 20 was positive in the dot-blot test. The ELISA was as sensitive as the dot-blot assay but gave a quantitative measurement to distinguish serum samples of positive reactors from cross-reactors. The specificity of the LLO-based tests was further evaluated using serum from cows that had been experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus, 17 of which had agglutination titers for L. monocytogenes >640. These elevated agglutination titers were probably due to cross-reacting bacterial antigens because serum from 9 of 17 of these animals did not react to the purified LLO antigen. A positive response to the LLO-based dot-blot and ELISA assays is indicative of previous or current infection with L. monocytogenes. RP BAETZ, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QL878 UT WOS:A1995QL87800012 PM 7779970 ER PT J AU RHYAN, JC WILSON, KL BURGESS, DE STACKHOUSE, LL QUINN, WJ AF RHYAN, JC WILSON, KL BURGESS, DE STACKHOUSE, LL QUINN, WJ TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF TRITRICHOMONAS-FETUS IN FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED SECTIONS OF BOVINE PLACENTA AND FETAL LUNG SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB An immunohistochemical technique using a monoclonal antibody was evaluated as a diagnostic tool to specifically label Tritrichomonas foetus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of placenta and fetal lung from bovine abortions. Trichomonads were demonstrated in tissues from each of 12 abortions due to T. foetus and none of 15 abortions due to other or unidentified causes. Moderate to marked background staining occurred only in severely autolyzed tissues from T. foetus-infected fetuses. The antibody faintly labeled 1 of 3 other species of trichomonads (Trichomonas gallinae) but did not label other protozoa, bacteria, or fungi tested. RP RHYAN, JC (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,PATHOBIOL LAB,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QL878 UT WOS:A1995QL87800015 PM 7779973 ER PT J AU KWANG, J BOLIN, SR LITTLEDIKE, ET AF KWANG, J BOLIN, SR LITTLEDIKE, ET TI BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS PREPARED FROM BACTERIALLY EXPRESSED RECOMBINANT PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 143 EP 145 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QL878 UT WOS:A1995QL87800021 PM 7779949 ER PT J AU WOODBURY, EL ILOTT, MC BROWN, CC SALT, JS AF WOODBURY, EL ILOTT, MC BROWN, CC SALT, JS TI OPTIMIZATION OF AN IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS IN BOVINE-TISSUES USING THE DIGOXIGENIN SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE FMDV; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DIGOXIGENIN ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; PATHOGENESIS; CATTLE AB An in situ hybridization technique has been optimised for use on paraffin-embedded sections of tissues collected from cattle infected experimentally with foot-and-mouth disease virus type O1BFS. Tissue was collected 5 days after infection by direct contact. In situ hybridization was carried out using an RNA probe corresponding to a region of the 3D gene which codes for the RNA polymerase, and labelled with digoxigenin. Consistent, reproducible signal was detected within the epithelial layers of the palatine tonsil, soft palate and pharyngeal tissue studied. This is the first time that a digoxigenin-based system has been used successfully for FMD virus RNA detection with bovine tissue samples. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP WOODBURY, EL (reprint author), AFRC,INST ANIM HLTH,PIRBRIGHT LAB,ASH RD,WOKING GU24 0NF,SURREY,ENGLAND. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JAN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)00153-8 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA QG022 UT WOS:A1995QG02200009 PM 7730440 ER PT J AU DAVIS, DS TEMPLETON, JW FICHT, TA WILLIAMS, JD KOPEC, JD ADAMS, LG AF DAVIS, DS TEMPLETON, JW FICHT, TA WILLIAMS, JD KOPEC, JD ADAMS, LG TI RESPONSE TO THE CRITIQUE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN CAPTIVE BISON SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP DAVIS, DS (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QD053 UT WOS:A1995QD05300023 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, JL POCHOP, PA DAVIS, JE KRUPA, HW AF CUMMINGS, JL POCHOP, PA DAVIS, JE KRUPA, HW TI EVALUATION OF REJEX-IT AG-36 AS A CANADA GOOSE GRAZING REPELLENT SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL DAMAGE; ANTHRANILATE; BRANTA CANADENSIS; CANADA GOOSE; FEEDING; GRASS; REPELLENT; TASTE AVERSION ID ANTHRANILATE; GEESE AB Effective methods to manage Canada geese (Branta canadensis) implicated in habitat destruction, crop depredation, and nuisance are needed. In July 1993, we applied ReJeX-iT AG-36 (a methyl anthranilate [MA] formulation) to 14- x 14-m grass plots within a 40- x 120-m enclosure to evaluate its effectiveness as a repellent for Canada geese. An application rate of 59 kg/ha of ReJeX-iT AG-36 reduced (P < 0.001) goose activity on treated grass plots for less than or equal to 4 days. Improvements in encapsulating or entrapping MA may extend the effectiveness of ReTeX-iT AG-36. RP CUMMINGS, JL (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ANIM DAMAGE CONTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.2307/3809114 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QD971 UT WOS:A1995QD97100007 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML DECKER, DG HUMPHREY, JS ARONOV, E LINSCOMBE, SD WAY, MO AF AVERY, ML DECKER, DG HUMPHREY, JS ARONOV, E LINSCOMBE, SD WAY, MO TI METHYL ANTHRANILATE AS A RICE SEED TREATMENT TO DETER BIRDS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS; ANIMAL DAMAGE CONTROL; BIRD REPELLENT; CROP DAMAGE; LOUISIANA; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; RICE; SEED TREATMENT; TEXAS ID DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE; REPELLENT; BLACKBIRDS; FEED AB Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and related species cause millions of dollars of damage annually to sprouting rice in Louisiana and Texas. Seed treatments that deter birds offer an approach to managing this problem, so we evaluated a formulation (ReJeX-iT AG-36) of methyl anthranilate (MA) in aviary and held tests to assess its potential as an avian feeding deterrent for rice seed. In a feeding trial with an untreated commercial ration as the alternative food, MA suppressed (P < 0.05) rice consumption at 2.5% (g/g) but not at lower rates. With untreated rice as the alternative food, however, repellency occurred at 1.0% MA (P < 0.05). Controlled field trials showed that seed loss from plots having a 1.7% MA treatment averaged 27 and 34% compared with control plot losses of 52 and 73%. We conclude that MA has potential in the management of blackbird damage to rice, particularly if MA residues on rice seed can be prolonged. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,RICE RES STN,CROWLEY,LA 70527. TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.2307/3809115 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QD971 UT WOS:A1995QD97100008 ER PT J AU WILSON, CW MASTERS, RE BUKENHOFER, GA AF WILSON, CW MASTERS, RE BUKENHOFER, GA TI BREEDING BIRD RESPONSE TO PINE GRASSLAND COMMUNITY RESTORATION FOR RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ARKANSAS; FIRE ECOLOGY; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS; OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; PICOIDES BOREALIS; PINE-BLUESTEM; PRESCRIBED FIRE; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; SONGBIRDS ID POPULATION; DECLINE AB Plans exist to restore the are-dependent pine (Pinus spp.)-grassland community in Ouachita National Forest and potentially throughout the southeastern United States to benefit the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). Restoration and management techniques include wildlife stand improvement (WSI; thinning of midstory and codominant trees) and prescribed fire. We evaluated how habitat improvement for the red-cockaded woodpecker affected other breeding bird species. We compared avian species frequency of occurrence and abundance during 2 breeding seasons in untreated pine-hardwood stands with that in treated stands after WSI and in 3 growing seasons following WSI and prescribed fire. Total bird densities were highest (P = 0.037) in the second growing season following WSI and fire and lowest in the control, whereas species richness did not differ (P = 0.399) among treatments. Densities of ground/shrub-foraging and shrub-nesting species increased (P = 0.002 and 0.002, respectively) the most following WSI and fire. Only ground-nesting species were more abundant (P < 0.001) in untreated stands than in treated stands. Restoration efforts may be beneficial to neotropical migrant species such as eastern wood-pewee (Contopus virens) and prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), in addition to declining species of regional interest such as red-cockaded woodpecker, Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis), and northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) that depend upon pine-grassland habitats. C1 US FOREST SERV,OUACHITA NATL FOREST,WALDRON,AR 72958. RP WILSON, CW (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 39 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.2307/3809116 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QD971 UT WOS:A1995QD97100009 ER PT J AU RUDIS, VA TANSEY, JB AF RUDIS, VA TANSEY, JB TI REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF REMOTE FORESTS AND BLACK BEAR HABITAT FROM FOREST RESOURCE SURVEYS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BLACK BEAR; FOREST INVENTORY; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SOUTHERN UNITED STATES; URSUS AMERICANUS ID SOUTHEASTERN WETLAND; POPULATION AB We developed a spatially explicit modeling approach, using a county-scaled remote forest (i.e., forested area reserved from or having no direct human interference) assessment derived from 1984-90 forest resource inventory data and a 1984 black bear (Ursus americanus) range map for 12 states in the southern United States. We defined minimum suitable and optimal black bear habitat criteria and gee-referenced remote forest classification with existing black bear range. Using a suitable habitat criterion, we classified 97.2% of occupied and 9.7% of unoccupied range (38.9% of the south. U.S. region's area). Using optimal habitat criteria, we classified 69.8% of occupied and 60.1% of unoccupied range (63.3% of the region's area), interpreted occupied range without optimal habitat and suboptimal areas (9.9% of the region's area), and unoccupied range with optimal habitat as areas with repopulation potential (26.8% of the region's area). There was a lack of high-density (greater than or equal to 34%) optimal habitat linkages among existing black bear populations, which we construed as a limitation on interpopulation gene now. We recommend expansion of future regional land surveys to (1) address large carnivore mammal habitat and broad home ranges of other species that may conflict with humans or domestic animals, (2) include held inventories of woodland and reserved areas, (3) use standard measures to assess remote forests, and (4) organize available data in a geographic information system. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RP RUDIS, VA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 906,STARKVILLE,MS 39759, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.2307/3809130 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QD971 UT WOS:A1995QD97100022 ER PT J AU LANDUCCI, LL AF LANDUCCI, LL TI REACTION OF P-HYDROXYCINNAMYL ALCOHOLS WITH TRANSITION-METAL SALTS .1. OLIGOLIGNOLS AND POLYIGNOLS (DHPS) FROM CONIFERYL ALCOHOL SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; DEHYDROGENATION POLYMER; LIGNIN; SPECTRA; WOOD AB Treatment of coniferyl alcohol with iron, cobalt, or manganese salts gave a variety of oligolignols and polylignols (DHPs). Conditions could be adjusted to favor high or low molecular weight products and to give different inter-unit linkage distributions. Oxidation with iron and manganese salts generally gave structures containing beta-O-4, beta-5, and beta-beta linkages. Oxidation with iron and manganese salts under highly alkaline conditions also generated alpha-O-4 structures. The cobalt salt K3Co(CN)(6) was unique in that a novel beta-gamma linkage was generated in high yield. Reactions in the absence of solvent also resulted in the formation of oligolignols and DHPs. RP LANDUCCI, LL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1995 VL 15 IS 3 BP 349 EP 368 DI 10.1080/02773819508009515 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA RQ280 UT WOS:A1995RQ28000003 ER PT J AU LANDUCCI, LL LUQUE, S RALPH, S AF LANDUCCI, LL LUQUE, S RALPH, S TI REACTION OF P-HYDROXYCINNAMYL ALCOHOLS WITH TRANSITION-METAL SALTS .2. PREPARATION OF GUAICYL/SYRINGYL DILIGNOLS, TRILIGNOLS, AND TETRALIGNOLS SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Treatment of coniferyl alcohol (CA), sinapyl alcohol (SA), and their mixtures with copper or manganese salts yielded nine dilignols, five trilignols, and one tetralignol. The lignols were composed of guaiacyl (G) or CA units and syringyl (S) or SA units linked together by beta-O-4 (b), beta-5 (c for coumaran), beta-beta (r for resinol), and/or a novel gamma-beta (gb)linkage. None of the isolated lignols contained 5-5' (biphenyl), 4-O-5, or beta-1 linkages. Spectral analysis (H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, MS) and comparison with authentic compounds confirmed the structures of the dilignols as G-b-CA, G-b-SA, S-b-CA, S-b-SA, G-c-CA S-c-CA, G-r-G, G-r-S, and S-r-S; the trilignols as G-b-S-r-S, G-b-S-c-CA, S-b-S-r-S, and G-c-G-gb-G; and the only tetralignol as G-b-S-r-S-b-G. RP LANDUCCI, LL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 493 EP 513 DI 10.1080/02773819508009522 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA TJ895 UT WOS:A1995TJ89500005 ER PT B AU Mertz, W AF Mertz, W BE Subramanian, KNS Wastney, ME TI Determination of requirements extended abstract SO KINETIC MODELS OF TRACE ELEMENT AND MINERAL METABOLISM DURING DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition IV - Trace Element/Mineral Metabolism During Development Conference CY JUN 07-12, 1992 CL GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC SP NIH, US EPA, Ross Labs, Georgetown Univ Childrens Med Ctr HO GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4736-X PY 1995 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA BF54C UT WOS:A1995BF54C00008 ER PT B AU Turnlund, JR AF Turnlund, JR BE Subramanian, KNS Wastney, ME TI Stable isotopes of copper, molybdenum, and zinc used simultaneously for kinetic studies of their metabolism SO KINETIC MODELS OF TRACE ELEMENT AND MINERAL METABOLISM DURING DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition IV - Trace Element/Mineral Metabolism During Development Conference CY JUN 07-12, 1992 CL GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC SP NIH, US EPA, Ross Labs, Georgetown Univ Childrens Med Ctr HO GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4736-X PY 1995 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA BF54C UT WOS:A1995BF54C00012 ER PT B AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA BE Subramanian, KNS Wastney, ME TI Studies of calcium metabolism in children with chronic illnesses SO KINETIC MODELS OF TRACE ELEMENT AND MINERAL METABOLISM DURING DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition IV - Trace Element/Mineral Metabolism During Development Conference CY JUN 07-12, 1992 CL GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC SP NIH, US EPA, Ross Labs, Georgetown Univ Childrens Med Ctr HO GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4736-X PY 1995 BP 159 EP 170 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA BF54C UT WOS:A1995BF54C00014 ER PT B AU Abrams, SA Vieira, NE Yergey, AL AF Abrams, SA Vieira, NE Yergey, AL BE Subramanian, KNS Wastney, ME TI Interpretation of stable isotope studies of calcium absorption and kinetics SO KINETIC MODELS OF TRACE ELEMENT AND MINERAL METABOLISM DURING DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition IV - Trace Element/Mineral Metabolism During Development Conference CY JUN 07-12, 1992 CL GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC SP NIH, US EPA, Ross Labs, Georgetown Univ Childrens Med Ctr HO GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4736-X PY 1995 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA BF54C UT WOS:A1995BF54C00023 ER PT B AU Barton, FE Himmelsbach, DS AF Barton, FE Himmelsbach, DS BE Batten, GD Flinn, PC Welsh, LA Blakeney, AB TI Correlation spectroscopy across multiple spectral regions to aid calibration model interpretation SO LEAPING AHEAD WITH NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy - Leaping Ahead CY APR 18-22, 1994 CL LORNE, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Austr Chem Inst, Near Infrared Spectroscopy Grp C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NIR SPECTROSCOPY GROUP PI NORTH MELBOURNE PA ROYAL AUSTRALIAN CHEMICAL INST 1/21 VALE ST, NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 3051, AUSTRALIA BN 0-909589-82-8 PY 1995 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BE61J UT WOS:A1995BE61J00011 ER PT B AU Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE AF Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE BE Batten, GD Flinn, PC Welsh, LA Blakeney, AB TI Enhancement of correlation spectroscopy with multiple regions using maximum likelihood methods SO LEAPING AHEAD WITH NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy - Leaping Ahead CY APR 18-22, 1994 CL LORNE, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Austr Chem Inst, Near Infrared Spectroscopy Grp C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NIR SPECTROSCOPY GROUP PI NORTH MELBOURNE PA ROYAL AUSTRALIAN CHEMICAL INST 1/21 VALE ST, NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 3051, AUSTRALIA BN 0-909589-82-8 PY 1995 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BE61J UT WOS:A1995BE61J00013 ER PT B AU Windham, WR Barton, FE Lawrence, KC AF Windham, WR Barton, FE Lawrence, KC BE Batten, GD Flinn, PC Welsh, LA Blakeney, AB TI Influence of sample preparation and sampling on NIT analysis of fat and moisture in ground beef SO LEAPING AHEAD WITH NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy - Leaping Ahead CY APR 18-22, 1994 CL LORNE, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Austr Chem Inst, Near Infrared Spectroscopy Grp C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NIR SPECTROSCOPY GROUP PI NORTH MELBOURNE PA ROYAL AUSTRALIAN CHEMICAL INST 1/21 VALE ST, NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 3051, AUSTRALIA BN 0-909589-82-8 PY 1995 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BE61J UT WOS:A1995BE61J00061 ER PT B AU Taylor, RA AF Taylor, RA BE Batten, GD Flinn, PC Welsh, LA Blakeney, AB TI Moisture in cotton and its contribution to fibre strength changes SO LEAPING AHEAD WITH NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy - Leaping Ahead CY APR 18-22, 1994 CL LORNE, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Austr Chem Inst, Near Infrared Spectroscopy Grp C1 USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC 29633. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NIR SPECTROSCOPY GROUP PI NORTH MELBOURNE PA ROYAL AUSTRALIAN CHEMICAL INST 1/21 VALE ST, NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 3051, AUSTRALIA BN 0-909589-82-8 PY 1995 BP 460 EP 464 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BE61J UT WOS:A1995BE61J00094 ER PT B AU Hammond, AC Williams, MJ Kalmbacher, RS Felker, P Allison, MJ Sahlu, T AF Hammond, AC Williams, MJ Kalmbacher, RS Felker, P Allison, MJ Sahlu, T BE Shelton, HM Piggin, CM Brewbaker, JL TI Leucaena in the Southern United States: Potential for development and priorities for research SO LEUCAENA - OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS SE ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Leucaena - Opportunities and Limitations CY JAN 24-29, 1994 CL BOGOR, INDONESIA SP Austr Ctr Int Agr Res, Univ Queensland, Univ Hawaii, Oxford Forestry Inst, Nitrogen Fixing Tree Assoc, Agcy Forestry Res & Dev, MPTS Secretariat, Forestry Res & Dev Ctr, Bogor, Agcy Agr Res & Dev, Anim Res Inst, BPT, Bogor, ICRAF SE Asian Reg Res Programme, Bogor C1 ARS,USDA,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN CENTRE INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PI CANBERRA PA GPO BOX 1571, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA BN 1-86320-150-5 J9 ACIAR PROC PY 1995 IS 57 BP 174 EP 176 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BG03F UT WOS:A1995BG03F00028 ER PT S AU Bergsten, DA AF Bergsten, DA BE Heitz, JR Downum, KR TI Risk assessment: Phloxine B and uranine insecticide application trials SO LIGHT-ACTIVATED PEST CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light-Activated Pest Control, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID EXPOSURE; 2,4-D AB As part of ongoing efforts to find safe and effective pest control methods, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducts trial tests with chemicals that show promise for control of pest species while posing a low risk to the human environment. Laboratory testing has shown that Suredye insecticide in bait formulation has good efficacy against Mediterranean and Mexican fruit flies. These nonindigenous fruit flies have the capacity to destroy economically important crops. Field application studies are planned to test further the efficacy of Suredye bait spray. This chapter summarizes analyses of the potential risk of adverse effects to human health, wildlife, and environmental quality from field trials of this formulation. RP Bergsten, DA (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,4700 RIVER RD,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3334-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 616 BP 54 EP 69 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BE52C UT WOS:A1995BE52C00005 ER PT S AU Liquido, NJ McQuate, GT Cunningham, RT AF Liquido, NJ McQuate, GT Cunningham, RT BE Heitz, JR Downum, KR TI Light-activated toxicity of phloxine B and uranine to Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), adults SO LIGHT-ACTIVATED PEST CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light-Activated Pest Control, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID ANTHONOMOUS-GRANDIS; BOLL-WEEVIL AB Experiments were conducted to determine the light-activated toxicity of a 1.1 molar mixture of phloxine B and uranine or phloxine B alone to Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), adults. Fully-fed or slightly starved test adults were fed either for two or four hours with dye concentrations ranging from 2.5 x 10(-5) M to 1.28 x 10(-2) M in a stock of various types of baits. After feeding, adults were kept 10 cm below four fluorescent lights yielding 200 mu E/sec/m(2) and mortality observed for 48 hours. LC(50) and LT(50) values were calculated. At a concentration of 1.28 x 10(-2) M of the 1:1 molar mixture of phloxine B and uranine mixed with 20% autolyzed yeast hydrolysate and 20% fructose, 100% mortality occurred within 12 hours of exposure to light. At the same concentration of phloxine B alone mixed in a sugar-free formulation of autolyzed yeast hydrolysate, over 99% mortality occurred within 12 hours of exposure to light. Phloxine B alone, or in combination with uranine, should be considered as a possible replacement for malathion in area-wide bait spraying programs. RP Liquido, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,BIOL ECOL SEMIOCHEM & FIELD OPERAT RES UNIT,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3334-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 616 BP 82 EP 106 PG 25 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BE52C UT WOS:A1995BE52C00007 ER PT S AU Liquido, NJ McQuate, GT Cunningham, RT AF Liquido, NJ McQuate, GT Cunningham, RT BE Heitz, JR Downum, KR TI Light-activated toxicity of phloxine B and fluorescein in methyleugenol to oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), males SO LIGHT-ACTIVATED PEST CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light-Activated Pest Control, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID MALE ANNIHILATION AB Experiments were conducted to determine the light-activated toxicity of a 1:1 molar mixture of phloxine B and fluorescein or phloxine B alone in methyl eugenol to oriental fruit ny, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), males. Containers with 4 entry holes and wicks holding dye concentrations ranging from 1.28 x 10(-2) M to 8.58 x 10(-2) were set out in an orchard, in a location shaded from direct sunlight. After either 1.5 or 2 hours, the entry holes were covered with screen, entrapping any flies which had been attracted into the container, and the traps were moved to full daylight conditions. Mortality counts were then taken periodically over the next 2 - 3 hours. At a concentration of 4.29 x 10(-2) M of the 1:1 molar mixture of phloxine B and fluorescein and at concentrations of 4.29 x 10(-2) M and 8.58 x 10(-2) M of phloxine B alone, 100% mortality occurred within two hours of exposure to full daylight. For times less than 2 hours, for both phloxine B alone and the phloxine B and fluorescein mixture, higher dye concentrations resulted in higher percentage mortalities. Phloxine B alone, or in combination with fluorescein, warrants further testing as a toxicant for use with methyl eugenol in oriental fruit fly male annihilation programs. RP Liquido, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,BIOL ECOL SEMIOCHEM & FIELD OPERAT RES UNIT,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3334-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 616 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BE52C UT WOS:A1995BE52C00008 ER PT S AU Mangan, RL Moreno, DS AF Mangan, RL Moreno, DS BE Heitz, JR Downum, KR TI Development of phloxine B and uranine bait for control of Mexican fruit fly SO LIGHT-ACTIVATED PEST CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light-Activated Pest Control, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem AB The Mexican fruit ny (Anastrepha ludens Loew) has been recognized as a threat to citrus production and marketing in the southwestern United States since 1900. We proposed to develop a bait system for this species, and 5-8 other economically damaging Anastrepha species. The bait system should be toxic to insects only when ingested, is non-toxic to vertebrates, is relatively stable, and has delayed toxicity. Phloxin B + Uranine has these properties. We have developed a bait using dye, protein hydrolysate, and simple sugars to attract, stimulate feeding, and kill adult fruit flies. Field caged tree trials with these ingredients indicated that adults of both sexes are killed during sexual development and 60-90% of populations can be killed as they mature in 5 days. Under field cage conditions in south Texas concentrations of dye from 0.25% to 2.0% were equally effective. Addition of surfactants (2.0%) increased fly mortality by 250%. RP Mangan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3334-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 616 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BE52C UT WOS:A1995BE52C00009 ER PT J AU SVOBODA, JA ROSS, SA NES, WD AF SVOBODA, JA ROSS, SA NES, WD TI COMPARATIVE-STUDIES OF METABOLISM OF 4-DESMETHYL, 4-MONOMETHYL AND 4,4-DIMETHYL STEROLS IN MANDUCA-SEXTA SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note AB To investigate the metabolism and possible deleterious effects of 4-methyl and 4,4-dimethyl steroids in Manduca sexta, the 4,4-dimethyl sterols lanosterol and cycloartenol, the 4-methyl sterol obtusifoliol and the 4,4-dimethyl pentacyclic triterpenoid alpha-amyrin were fed in an artificial agar-based diet at various concentrations. Utilization and metabolism of these four compounds were compared with sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, ergosterol and 24-methyleneocholesterol, 24-alkyl sterols that are readily dealkylated and converted to cholesterol in Manduca and in most phytophagous insects. None of the 4-methylated compounds significantly inhibited development except at very high dietary concentrations. The Delta(24)-bonds of lanosterol and cycloartenol were effectively reduced by the Manduca Delta(24)-sterol reductase enzyme, as is the Delta(24)-bond of desmosterol which, in most phytophagous insects, is an intermediate in the conversion of sitosterol, stigmasterol and other C-28 and C-29 phytosterols to cholesterol. On the other hand, the 24-methylene substituent of obtusifoliol was not dealkylated. Each of the 4-desmethyl C-28 and C-29 sterols was readily converted to cholesterol, and a significant amount of 7-dehydro-cholesterol was derived from ergosterol metabolism. The reason for the differences in substrate specificity of these sterols is not clear, but the information may be useful in the development of new, specific, mechanism-based inhibitors of sterol metabolism. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT PHARM,OXFORD,MS 38677. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP SVOBODA, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,PSI,BLDG 467,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JAN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1007/BF02537047 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA QD928 UT WOS:A1995QD92800012 PM 7760694 ER PT B AU Zayas, IY Chung, OK Caley, M AF Zayas, IY Chung, OK Caley, M BE Batchelor, BG Solomon, SS Waltz, FM TI Neural network classification and machine vision for bread crumb grain evaluation SO MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS, ARCHITECTURES, AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Machine Vision Applications, Architectures, and Systems Integration IV Conference CY OCT 23-24, 1995 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1961-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2597 BP 292 EP 308 DI 10.1117/12.223994 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Optics GA BE29K UT WOS:A1995BE29K00031 ER PT B AU ZASADA, J LIEFFERS, V GORDON, AG AF ZASADA, J LIEFFERS, V GORDON, AG GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR NORTHERN FORESTS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST RES STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00002 ER PT B AU MAGILL, AW AF MAGILL, AW GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI MANAGERIAL CHALLENGES IN THE PUBLIC ARENA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00006 ER PT B AU HARVEY, AE AF HARVEY, AE GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FOREST HEALTH AND THE CARBON CYCLE - INLAND NORTHWEST AMERICAN AND GLOBAL ISSUES SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00012 ER PT B AU PREISLER, HK ROBERTSON, JL AF PREISLER, HK ROBERTSON, JL GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI STOCHASTIC MODELS VERSUS NUMERICAL MODELS - AN EXAMPLE ON THE SPREAD OF ANNOSUS ROOT DISEASE SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00015 ER PT B AU REAMS, GA AF REAMS, GA GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI USING TREE-RING DATA TO IDENTIFY PRIOR LARGE-SCALE DISTURBANCES AND SUBSEQUENT GROWTH TRENDS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00016 ER PT B AU LARSON, FR AF LARSON, FR GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI ALASKA INVENTORY SYSTEMS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR EARLY DETECTION OF BARK BEETLE OUTBREAKS AND OTHER FOREST HEALTH CONDITIONS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00017 ER PT B AU GILLESPIE, AJR AF GILLESPIE, AJR GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI LONG TERM FOREST ECOSYSTEM HEALTH MONITORING IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00019 ER PT B AU BROWN, JK AF BROWN, JK GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI FIRE REGIMES AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,INT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59801. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00024 ER PT B AU FOOTE, MJ AF FOOTE, MJ GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI THE ROLE OF FIRE IN THE BOREAL FOREST OF INTERIOR ALASKA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00025 ER PT B AU LYNCH, AM ORLAND, B DANIEL, TC AF LYNCH, AM ORLAND, B DANIEL, TC GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI DATA VISUALIZATION - IS IT GOOD FOR SOMETHING SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00027 ER PT B AU DIX, ME KLOPFENSTEIN, N SCHUMANN, C CREGG, B SCHOENEBERGER, M DOSSKEY, M AF DIX, ME KLOPFENSTEIN, N SCHUMANN, C CREGG, B SCHOENEBERGER, M DOSSKEY, M GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI SUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT IN AGROFORESTRY ECOSYSTEMS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,CTR SEMIARID AGROFORESTRY,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 198 EP 203 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00028 ER PT B AU WERNER, RA AF WERNER, RA GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI FOREST HEALTH IN BOREAL ECOSYSTEMS OF ALASKA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 204 EP 209 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00029 ER PT B AU WURTZ, TL GASBARRO, AF AF WURTZ, TL GASBARRO, AF GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI A BRIEF HISTORY OF WOOD USE AND FOREST MANAGEMENT IN ALASKA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00032 ER PT B AU YOUNGBLOOD, A TITUS, B AF YOUNGBLOOD, A TITUS, B GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI CLEARCUTTING AS A REGENERATION METHOD IN THE BOREAL FOREST SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,BEND SILVICULTURE LAB,BEND,OR 97701. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00033 ER PT B AU SLAUGHTER, CW AF SLAUGHTER, CW GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI PERMAFROST AND NORTHERN BOREAL FOREST MANAGEMENT SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00034 ER PT B AU SWANSON, DK AF SWANSON, DK GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI THE SOIL-LANDSCAPE PARADIGM IN ECOLOGICAL LAND CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FAIRBANKS,AK 99709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00037 ER PT B AU HORNBECK, JW VERRY, ES DOLLOFF, CA AF HORNBECK, JW VERRY, ES DOLLOFF, CA GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI MANAGING RIPARIAN AREAS IN NORTHEASTERN FORESTS - A QUEST FOR DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,DURHAM,NH 03824. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00044 ER PT B AU BROCK, T ZABORSKE, RR AF BROCK, T ZABORSKE, RR GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI FORESTED WETLANDS OF SOUTHEAST ALASKA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY DE FORESTED WETLANDS; WETLAND SUCCESSION; SILVICULTURE; REGENERATION; MOUNDING C1 US FOREST SERV,JUNEAU,AK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00045 ER PT B AU KUEHN, M AF KUEHN, M GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI WATERSHED ANALYSIS IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA IN RESPONSE TO PACFISH AND CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY DE WATERSHED ANALYSIS; ANADROMOUS FISH HABITAT; WATER QUALITY; SOUTHEAST ALASKA C1 US FOREST SERV,JUNEAU,AK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00047 ER PT B AU GLASS, RJ MORE, TA ECHELBERGER, HE AF GLASS, RJ MORE, TA ECHELBERGER, HE GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI NATURAL RESOURCES AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN RURAL NEW ENGLAND SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00048 ER PT B AU MCCONNELL, L AF MCCONNELL, L GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI NATIONAL FOREST LAND USE PLANNING - THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AND CULTURAL NEEDS OF AMERICAN INDIANS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00053 ER PT B AU OSSENBRUGGEN, HS AF OSSENBRUGGEN, HS GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI ISSUES FOR AN ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO URBAN FORESTRY SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,DURHAM,NH 03824. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 357 EP 362 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00054 ER PT B AU COMANOR, JM AF COMANOR, JM GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PRIVATE FOREST LANDOWNERS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 408 EP 413 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00063 ER PT B AU GREENE, JL AF GREENE, JL GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI STATE TAX SYSTEMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON NONINDUSTRIAL PRIVATE FOREST OWNERS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FOREST RESOURCE LAW & ECON RES UNIT,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00064 ER PT B AU LABAU, VJ ISAEV, AS AF LABAU, VJ ISAEV, AS GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL-BOREAL-FOREST-RESEARCH-ASSOCIATION SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW FOREST RES STN,ANCHORAGE,AK 99504. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 457 EP 462 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00072 ER PT B AU SCHMIDT, T CONNER, R MCWILLIAMS, W OBRIEN, R OHMANN, J POWELL, D RUDIS, V AF SCHMIDT, T CONNER, R MCWILLIAMS, W OBRIEN, R OHMANN, J POWELL, D RUDIS, V GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR INVENTORYING, CLASSIFYING, AND MONITORING OUR NATIONS FORESTS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00073 ER PT B AU GANSNER, DA KING, SL WIDMANN, RH AF GANSNER, DA KING, SL WIDMANN, RH GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI SHIFTS IN RELATIVE STOCKING POINT TO POTENTIAL PROBLEMS IN FOREST HEALTH SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00074 ER PT B AU WERNER, RA AF WERNER, RA GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI IPS BEETLE MANAGEMENT IN ALASKA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 467 EP 468 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00075 ER PT B AU OSTRY, ME SKILLING, DD AF OSTRY, ME SKILLING, DD GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI BUTTERNUT CANKER - PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00076 ER PT B AU DIX, ME BAXENDALE, F AF DIX, ME BAXENDALE, F GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI A SURVEY OF INSECT PESTS AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES IN URBAN ECOSYSTEMS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 471 EP 472 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00077 ER PT B AU SCHMIDT, TL LEATHERBERRY, EC AF SCHMIDT, TL LEATHERBERRY, EC GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI AREA EXPANSION OF EASTERN REDCEDAR SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENTR FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 473 EP 474 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00078 ER PT B AU WURTZ, TL AF WURTZ, TL GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI MIXED PLANTATIONS OF SPRUCE AND ALDER - A PROPOSAL TO INCREASE THE DIVERSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF ALASKAS MANAGED FORESTS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 477 EP 478 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00080 ER PT B AU ZASADA, JC TECLAW, RM ISEBRANDS, JG BUCKLEY, DS HEILMAN, WE AF ZASADA, JC TECLAW, RM ISEBRANDS, JG BUCKLEY, DS HEILMAN, WE GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI EFFECTS OF CANOPY COVER AND SITE PREPARATION ON PLANT SUCCESSION AND MICROCLIMATE IN A HARDWOOD FOREST IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST RES STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 479 EP 480 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00081 ER PT B AU ANDERSON, DJ JENSEN, EC AF ANDERSON, DJ JENSEN, EC GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI REPRODUCTION OF BROADLEAVED TREES AND SHRUBS - AN INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,GLIDE,OR 97443. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 485 EP 486 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00084 ER PT B AU WARD, TS KAUTZ, DR VANPATTEN, DJ AF WARD, TS KAUTZ, DR VANPATTEN, DJ GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI PLANT COMPETITION HAZARD RATING FOR SOILS AT ROCKY-WINDY BAY, ALASKA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 USDA SCS,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 489 EP 490 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00086 ER PT B AU BRAMHALL, JW AF BRAMHALL, JW GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI GROUNDWATER INTERCEPTORS SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 516 EP 516 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00099 ER PT B AU GRANSKOG, JE AF GRANSKOG, JE GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI THE IMPACT OF THE EXPORT TRADING COMPANY ACT ON WOOD PRODUCT EXPORTS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 519 EP 520 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00101 ER PT B AU SLEAVIN, KE CAMENSON, DM AF SLEAVIN, KE CAMENSON, DM GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI SPECTRUM - A STRATEGIC PLANNING TOOL FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 521 EP 522 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00102 ER PT B AU LABOA, JH AF LABOA, JH GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI CALIFORNIA SPOTTED OWL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT - AN ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT APPROACH SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,CALIF SPOTTED OWL EIS INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM,SACRAMENTO,CA 95821. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 523 EP 524 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00103 ER PT B AU CHAVEZ, DJ AF CHAVEZ, DJ GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A REGIONAL MOUNTAIN BIKING PROGRAM - UNDERSTANDING THE NEEDS OF MOUNTAIN BIKE RIDERS SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 531 EP 532 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00107 ER PT B AU CELLIER, GA AF CELLIER, GA GP SOC AMER FORESTERS TI SMALL FARM FORESTRY - MEETING PEOPLES NEEDS IN ZULULAND, SOUTH-AFRICA SO MANAGING FORESTS TO MEET PEOPLE'S NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Society-of-American-Foresters/Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry Joint Convention - Managing Forests to Meet Peoples Needs CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP SOC AMER FORESTERS, CANADIAN INST FORESTRY C1 US FOREST SERV,TLMP TEAM,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 BN 0-939970-63-5 PY 1995 BP 542 EP 543 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BD07D UT WOS:A1995BD07D00112 ER PT J AU BURKE, MD BROWN, D MAYER, RT HOULIHAN, DFJ AF BURKE, MD BROWN, D MAYER, RT HOULIHAN, DFJ TI ALKOXYQUINOLINE O-DEALKYLATION - A NEW FLUOROMETRIC ASSAY FOR HYDROCARBON-INDUCED CYTOCHROME-P450 IN FISH SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Responses of Marine Organisms to Pollutants CY 1993 CL GOTEBORG, SWEDEN SP SWEDISH ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, SWEDISH NAT SCI RES COUNCIL, WENNER GREN CTR FDN, ASTRA HASSLE AB, SWEDISH NATL BOARD FISHERIES, UNIV GOTEBORG, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, UNIV GOTEBORG, MARINE RES CTR ID PLAICE AB The O-dealkylation of a new series of substrates, the alkoxyquinolines, provides a new easy fluorimetric assay for measuring the induction of cytochrome P450 by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and drilling mud oil in fish. Expression of the results as a ratio between the inducible butyloxyquinoline O-dealkylation (BuQOD) activity and the non-inducible benzyloxyquinoline O-dealkylation (Bel)OD) activity (i.e. the 'BuQOD:- BeQOD quotient') maximises the degree of induction measured and minimises the degree of inter-animal variation. C1 UNIV ABERDEEN,DEPT ZOOL,ABERDEEN AB9 1AS,SCOTLAND. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP BURKE, MD (reprint author), UNIV ABERDEEN,DEPT BIOMED SCI,ABERDEEN AB9 1AS,SCOTLAND. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1995 VL 39 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(94)00015-H PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA QR261 UT WOS:A1995QR26100012 ER PT J AU Micales, JA AF Micales, JA TI In vitro oxalic acid production by the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE wood decay; brown rot; oxalic acid; oxalate decarboxylase; Postia placenta ID CULTURE MEDIA; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; MYCELIAL GROWTH; PORIA PLACENTA; DEGRADATION; DECAY; WOOD AB Production and accumulation of oxalic acid by the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta depended on cultural parameters including carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphate concentration, initial pH of the medium, and inoculum load. Net oxalic acid concentration depended on the stage of the fungal growth curve. Concentrations increased during the logarithmic phase and tended to decline when the fungus reached the autolytic stage. Subtle variations in culture parameters resulted in large differences in oxalic acid concentration among replications due to variation in growth rate. Thus, absolute values of oxalic acid concentration obtained under a particular set of conditions are difficult to replicate. Low-decay strains of P. placenta entered autolysis more rapidly than those that cause high decay. The inability of low-decay isolates to sustain a prolonged build-up of oxalic acid may have prevented them from depolymerizing cellulose, thus halting the decay process before significant strength loss occurred. This hypothesis asserts an important role for oxalic acid in the physiology of brown-rot decay. RP Micales, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 159 EP 176 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA TQ044 UT WOS:A1995TQ04400001 ER PT J AU Micales, JA AF Micales, JA TI Oxalate decarboxylase in the brown-rot wood decay fungus Postia placenta SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE wood decay; brown rot; oxalic acid; oxalate decarboxylase; Postia placenta ID OXALIC-ACID AB Oxalate decarboxylase, the enzyme associated with the decomposition of oxalic acid in white-rot fungi, was identified and partially purified from low- and high-decay cultures of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta. The enzyme was most active under conditions of extreme acidity (pH 2.0 - 2.2) and was severely inhibited at pH levels greater than 2.6. A low-decay isolate of P. placenta produced large quantities of this enzyme and formed it earlier than did a standard high-decay isolate. The possible role of the enzyme in the regulation of pH during decay is discussed. RP Micales, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 177 EP 186 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA TQ044 UT WOS:A1995TQ04400002 ER PT J AU Larsen, MJ Winandy, JE Green, F AF Larsen, MJ Winandy, JE Green, F TI A proposed model of the tracheid cell wall of southern yellow pine having an inherent radial structure in the S-2 layer SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE Tracheid; cell wall model; ultrastructure; decay; brown-rot; oxalic acid; scanning electron microscopy; hemicellulose; Postia placenta ID POSTIA-PLACENTA; SHEATH; DECAY AB During our many SEM studies on brown-rot decayed or oxalic acid-treated wood blocks, our observations consistently showed that the St layer of degraded tracheid cell walls possessed an underlying structural configuration perpendicular to the lamellae. We hypothesized that fungal decay and/or acid attack had revealed, rather than modified, the underlying wood chemical composition and ultrastructure which is not evident in undecayed wood. From this we conclude that there are radial planes of low molecular-weight hemicellulose across the St layer, in addition to the previously recognized concentric layering of cellulosic microfibrils. These radial planes of hemicellulose can be exploited by acid-mediated fungal and thermochemical agents that reveal the radial ultrastructural organization in degraded cell wall remnants. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Larsen, MJ (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 197 EP 210 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA TQ044 UT WOS:A1995TQ04400004 ER PT J AU BISHIR, J ROBERDS, J AF BISHIR, J ROBERDS, J TI ANALYSIS OF FAILURE TIME IN CLONALLY PROPAGATED PLANT-POPULATIONS SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RISK; MIXTURES; NUMBER AB A problem originating in forest tree breeding concerns the number of clones needed in clonally propagated plantings to manage risk of failure due to an unforeseen catastrophic event. In this paper, we present a model for and analysis of time to failure for clonally propagated populations, assuming that in each year there is a chance for attack by an insect or pathogen. We develop the probability distribution of the number of years until population failure, T. A surprising finding is that in some circumstances increasing the number of clones can increase, rather than decrease, the chance of population failure. This suggests that laws, such as those current in the European Community, mandating minimum numbers of clones to be used in reforestation, may not achieve their intended effects, and that further investigation is needed to clarify the situation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA,FOREST SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BISHIR, J (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,BOX 8205,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 1 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1016/0025-5564(94)00030-4 PG 17 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA QB632 UT WOS:A1995QB63200005 PM 7881187 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, S AF MCCORMICK, S TI EDWARD-H.-COE, JR. - AN APPRECIATION SO MAYDICA LA English DT Item About an Individual RP MCCORMICK, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QR890 UT WOS:A1995QR89000002 ER PT J AU ZENG, Z SACHS, MM AF ZENG, Z SACHS, MM TI RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION AND ALLELIC PHYLOGENY AT THE ADH1 LOCUS AND ITS COMPARISON TO PHYLOGENY DEDUCED FROM MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN MAIZE SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; RFLP; ALLELES; HAPLOTYPES ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; RECOMBINANT INBREDS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; GENETIC-VARIATION; DNA; EVOLUTION; RACES; MAPS; PATTERNS AB As a measure of molecular variation in maize, RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) occurring in a defined region of chromosome 1L were analyzed. Extensive restriction site variation was detected in the 5' and 3' regions flanking the adh1 structural gene. Thirty-six polymorphic homologous chromosomal segments (haplotypes) defined by 150 restriction sites surveyed were found in 56 maize U.S. inbred lines and Latin American accessions. To understand the evolutionary history of the adh1 gene in maize, the phylogenetic relationships among alleles of the adh1 gene were reconstructed from restriction data. Possible events that have occurred during the molecular evolutionary process within the adh1 locus in maize have been inferred front the allelic phylogeny obtained in this analysis. An Adh1 allele transferred from teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana) to maize was found to be a more distantly related allele relative to the other Adh1 alleles in maize that were analyzed. Two models for the phylogenetic relationship among three alleles that encode three different electrophoretic allozymes of ADH1 were previously published. The phylogenetic relationship of these alleles, determined by our analysis, was compared to these mio existing hypotheses. To test the congruence of the molecular evolution at the adh1 locus in maize and the pattern of morphological diversity, the patterns of variation at both levels were compared. This was done for maize accessions sampled from Latin America. The morphological diversity has been measured from 20 phenotypic characters by a previous study in the form of a dissimilarity matrix, and this was compared with the genetic distance matrix derived from restriction site data. It is concluded that the pattern of restriction site variation detected at the adh1 locus is independent of the pattern of morphological diversity detected. C1 USDA ARS,MWA,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,CTR STOCK,MAIZE GENET CORP,BELTSVILLE,MD. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT CELL BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 43 EP 66 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QR890 UT WOS:A1995QR89000007 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, A AF WRIGHT, A TI A GENE CONDITIONING HIGH OLEIC MAIZE OIL, OLC1 SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE OLEIC; ZEA MAYS; OIL QUALITY; OLD ID ACID AB Maize (Zea mays L.) oil with higher levels of oleic acid relative to linoleic acid would have greater stability. Thus, high oleic acid maize oil is a desirable breeding objective. From mutagen-treated B73 a mutation has been recovered that increases oleic acid concentration of the seed oil. This mutation (designated Olc1) has an additive effect. The oleic acid concentrations of non-mutant B73, heterozygous Old, and homozygous Olc1 were approximately 27, 35, and 52%, respectively. B-A translocations were used to determine that olc1 is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. RP WRIGHT, A (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,EXSEED GENET LLC,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,FRC UNIT,1573 FOOD SCI BLDG,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QR890 UT WOS:A1995QR89000010 ER PT J AU KINDIGER, B BLAKEY, CA DEWALD, C AF KINDIGER, B BLAKEY, CA DEWALD, C TI SEX REVERSAL IN MAIZE X TRIPSACUM HYBRIDS - ALLELIC NON-COMPLEMENTATION OF TS2 AND GSF1 SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; TRIPSACUM; TASSEL SEED; GYNOMONECIOUS SEX FORM ID DACTYLOIDES POACEAE; INTROGRESSION; GERMPLASM; GENOME AB An intergeneric hybrid, generated by crossing a diploid maize tassel seed (ts2) stock by a diploid Tripsacum dactyloides, gynomonecious sex form (gsf1) stock shows allelic non-complementation between the two recessive genes. A successful test of allelism would demonstrate a similarity of linkage organization and gene function/expression between the two genetic systems which is not restricted by floral or genus distinctions. Inflorescence morphology of a ts2/gsf1 hybrid exhibits complete sex reversal of the male portions of the primary tassel. Additional individuals from the same cross, having a ts2/GSF1 genetic constitution, produce normal male floral organs. This attempt to test genetic non-complementation suggests similar if not identical levels of genetic function and regulation by the two genetic systems. RP KINDIGER, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RD834 UT WOS:A1995RD83400010 ER PT J AU Eberhart, SA Salhuana, W Sevilla, R Taba, S AF Eberhart, SA Salhuana, W Sevilla, R Taba, S TI Principles for tropical maize breeding SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; landrace collections; recurrent selection; maize ID RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION; ZEA-MAYS-L; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; COMBINING ABILITY; INDEX SELECTION; SIB SELECTION; GENETIC DRIFT; POPULATIONS; GERMPLASM; IMPROVEMENT AB The Latin American Maize Program (LAMP) evaluated nearly 15,000 maize accessions (mostly landrace collections) in 11 Latin American countries and the U.S. to identify germplasm that can be used as source materials to improve performance and expand genetic diversity of commercial hybrids and varieties. We reviewed breeding theory, methodologies, and procedures to provide users information and suggestions as they proceed with the utilization of these elite accessions. The development of a common heterotic pattern is recommended to enhance cooperative research and exchange of derived inbred lines with the limited resources that are available. We reviewed different methods of selection that are available to improve performance of the population cross, hybrids based on inbred lines derived from the improved breeding populations, and varieties developed from the advanced generation of the population cross. RP Eberhart, SA (reprint author), ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 84 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1995 VL 40 IS 4 BP 339 EP 355 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UA782 UT WOS:A1995UA78200007 ER PT J AU Holthaus, JF Lamkey, KR AF Holthaus, JF Lamkey, KR TI Response to selection and changes in genetic parameters for 13 plant and ear traits in two maize recurrent selection programs SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE corn; recurrent selection; selection progress; additive variance; dominance variance ID STALK SYNTHETIC MAIZE; POPULATIONS; BSSS AB Recurrent selection is a cyclical breeding procedure that focuses on improving the mean performance of a population by increasing the frequency of favorable alleles and maintaining adequate genetic variability for continued selection response. The Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize (Zea mays L.) population has undergone continuous recurrent selection for more than 50 years as the base population for two independent selection programs. This study was designed to estimate the mean performance and important genetic parameters in BSSS before and after seven cycles of half-sib (HS) progeny selection, six cycles of S-2-progeny selection, and 11 cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS). A Design II (factorial) mating design was constructed to give direct estimates of additive and dominance variance in the individual populations. Progenies from each of the four populations were grown for two years in a randomized incomplete block experiment. The relative effectiveness of the three selection methods for improving the mean performance for grain yield of the BSSS populations per se was 0.4% cycles(-1) for HS selection, 1.1% cycle(-1) for S-2-progeny selection, and 1.4% cycle(-1) for RRS. There were few changes in variance components after selection for most of the traits. Additive variance generally accounted for the largest portion of the total genetic variance for all traits except grain yield. The importance of dominance variance for grain yield implied that interpopulation and test-cross selection methods may give the greatest direct response to selection. The estimate of heritability and corresponding estimates of additive genetic variance indicated that continued response to selection is expected for each selection method. Selection pressure on the primary agronomic traits did not seem to affect the mean performance and genetic parameters of the other unselected agronomic traits. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,ARS,USDA,AMES,IA 50011. HOLDENS FDN SEEDS INC,WILLIAMSBURG,IA 52361. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1995 VL 40 IS 4 BP 357 EP 370 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UA782 UT WOS:A1995UA78200008 ER PT J AU LAKRITZ, L FOX, JB HAMPSON, J RICHARDSON, R KOHOUT, K THAYER, DW AF LAKRITZ, L FOX, JB HAMPSON, J RICHARDSON, R KOHOUT, K THAYER, DW TI EFFECT OF GAMMA-RADIATION ON LEVELS OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL IN RED MEATS AND TURKEY SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN AB The effect of low dose ionizing radiation on ft ee a-tocopherol levels in beef, pork and lamb longissimus dorsi muscle and on turkey leg and breast muscle were determined. The samples were irradiated in air with a Cs-137 source at eight dose levels between 0 and 9.4 kGy at 5 degrees C. irradiation resulted in a significant decrease in alpha-tocopherol levels in all of the meats studied. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of loss of tocopherol due to species, with the exception of turkey breast. The rate of loss of tocopherol in turkey breast tissue was greater than the other meats. The information obtained in this study may be of use for 'chemiclearance' purposes since the relative effects due to species variation were examined. RP LAKRITZ, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(94)00003-P PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA TB948 UT WOS:A1995TB94800003 PM 22060197 ER PT J AU LAKRITZ, L SCHWARTZ, DP AF LAKRITZ, L SCHWARTZ, DP TI FORMATION OF OXOFATTY AND HYDROXYFATTY ACIDS IN IRRADIATED CHICKENS SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OILS; MEAT; FATS AB Finely ground chicken skin and subcutaneous fat exposed to gamma radiation from Cs-137 at 0-2 degrees C for up to 10 kGy generated oxofatty acids (OFA) and hydroxyfatty acids (HFA) in the glycerides. Both classes were determined as colored derivatives; OFA as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, and HFA as esters of pyruvic acid 2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazone. The concentration of OFA increased with increasing irradiation dose but not always linearly. Variations in the concentration of both classes were noted and some chicken lipids failed to form both classes. In the samples where OFA were generated in significant quantities, the absorption maximum of the derivatives shifted toward a higher wavelength with increasing dose due ostensibly to the formation of double bond(s) in conjugation with the oxo group. This shift in absorption maximum was initially considered to be a means for detecting irradiation as well as indicating the dose received with fair accuracy. However, in several instances irradiation of a chicken sample did not result in the formation of significant increases in OFA and therefore this method cannot be used as a definitive test. RP LAKRITZ, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(95)90847-3 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QX777 UT WOS:A1995QX77700015 PM 22059979 ER PT J AU MULLENS, BA TABACHNICK, WJ HOLBROOK, FR THOMPSON, LH AF MULLENS, BA TABACHNICK, WJ HOLBROOK, FR THOMPSON, LH TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON VIROGENESIS OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS SEROTYPE-11 IN CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS-SONORENSIS SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLUETONGUE; ARBOVIRUS; TEMPERATURE; DIPTERA; CERATOPOGONIDAE; CULICOIDES; EPIZOOTIOLOGY ID WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; EXTRINSIC INCUBATION; GONOTROPHIC CYCLE; CULEX-TARSALIS; OCKELBO VIRUS; DIPTERA; CERATOPOGONIDAE; TAENIORHYNCHUS AB Culicoides variipennis sonorensis females were fed bluetongue virus serotype 11 mixed in sheep blood and were held at constant temperatures of 32, 27, 21 and 15-degrees-C. Virogenesis, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), proceeded significantly faster at higher temperatures. Based on ELISA absorbance greater-than-or-equal-to 0.2, some flies first were categorized as infected after 1 day, 2 days and 4 days at 32, 27 and 21-degrees-C, respectively. Peak levels of virus antigen were seen after 5-7, 7-13 and 18-22 days for flies held at 32, 27 and 21-degrees-C, respectively. There was no significant virus replication in flies held at 15-degrees-C for 22 days, but latent virus replicated and was detected easily (44% infection) 4-10 days after these flies were transferred to 27-degrees-C. The implications for temperature effects on bluetongue epizootiology are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY. RP MULLENS, BA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00119.x PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA PZ470 UT WOS:A1995PZ47000010 PM 7696691 ER PT J AU KLEIN, MG KAYA, HK AF KLEIN, MG KAYA, HK TI BACILLUS AND SERRATIA SPECIES FOR SCARAB CONTROL SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Biotechnologic Applications of Entomopathogenic Bacteria CY MAY 23-27, 1994 CL OSWALDO CRUZ INST, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP NATL RES COUNCIL, RIO DE JANEIRO STATE RES SPONSORSHIP FDN, AMER NATL SCI FDN AGCY HO OSWALDO CRUZ INST DE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA; BACILLUS; SERRATIA; SCARABS; MILKY DISEASE; AMBER DISEASE ID ZEALAND GRASS GRUB; COSTELYTRA-ZEALANDICA; ENTOMOPHILA; POPILLIAE; DISEASE AB Few microorganisms are commercially available for use against white grubs (larvae of Scarabaeidae). Entomopathogenic bacteria, particularly Bacillus popilliae, have been used the longest for white grub suppression. Other bacteria, namely B. thuringiensis and Serratia spp. offer promise for future control. This paper examines two genera of bacteria (Bacillus and Serratia) from the historical and current perspective. Bacillus popilliae, the first microbial control agent registered in the United States, has a long history of use in suppressing populations of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica. However lack of in vitro production and the slow and sporadic nature of its activity, severely limits its utilization. B. thuringiensis, the most widely used microbial pesticide, has not been used for scarab, control However, strains with scarab activity have recently been discovered Scarab larvae have been collected in the United States with signs and symptoms similar to those characteristic of amber disease (caused by Serratia entomophila) in the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica. A total of 147 bacteria have been obtained from the digestive tracts of larvae of the Japanese beetle and masked chafers, Cyclocephala spp., as well as from larvae and soil collected in Japan and China. Seventy five of these have been identified as Serratia spp. Most (40) of the remaining bacteria are in the genus Enterobacter. A majority of the bacteria (73) and of the Serratia (38) came from P. japonica. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NEMATOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP KLEIN, MG (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,HORT INSECTS RES LAB,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU MEM INST OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA SECRETARY CAIXA POSTAL 926, 20001 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 90 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA QP739 UT WOS:A1995QP73900018 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, FH AF NIELSEN, FH TI VANADIUM IN MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, VOL 31 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Review ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; DIET COMPOSITION; ASCORBIC-ACID; LAYING HENS; HUMAN-SERUM; VANADATE; RAT; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; TISSUES RP NIELSEN, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,2420 2ND AVE N,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 145 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0161-5149 J9 MET IONS BIOL SYST PY 1995 VL 31 BP 543 EP 573 PG 31 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BD60Z UT WOS:A1995BD60Z00016 PM 8564817 ER PT S AU Stanton, TB Hanzelka, BL Jensen, NS AF Stanton, TB Hanzelka, BL Jensen, NS BE Onderdonk, AB Heidt, PJ Rusch, VC TI Oxygen metabolism by an anaerobic, mucosal pathogen, Serpulina hyodysenteriae SO MICROECOLOGY AND THERAPY, VOL 23, 1995 SE MICROECOLOGY AND THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIII International Symposium on Microbial Ecology and Disease CY SEP 10-13, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NADC,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MICROECOLOGY & BIOCHEM PI HERBORN-DILL PA KORNMARKT 34, D-6348 HERBORN-DILL, GERMANY SN 0720-0536 J9 MICROECOL T PY 1995 VL 23 BP 174 EP 176 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BG95G UT WOS:A1995BG95G00023 ER PT S AU DeanNystrom, EA Bosworth, BT AF DeanNystrom, EA Bosworth, BT BE Onderdonk, AB Heidt, PJ Rusch, VC TI Intestinal receptors for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that cause diarrhoea in swine SO MICROECOLOGY AND THERAPY, VOL 23, 1995 SE MICROECOLOGY AND THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIII International Symposium on Microbial Ecology and Disease CY SEP 10-13, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA RP DeanNystrom, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MICROECOLOGY & BIOCHEM PI HERBORN-DILL PA KORNMARKT 34, D-6348 HERBORN-DILL, GERMANY SN 0720-0536 J9 MICROECOL T PY 1995 VL 23 BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BG95G UT WOS:A1995BG95G00024 ER PT B AU Bucks, DA AF Bucks, DA BE Lamm, FR TI Historical developments in microirrigation SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE drip irrigation; trickle irrigation; water conservation; environmental protection C1 USDA ARS,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00001 ER PT B AU Hutmacher, RB Nightingale, HI Vail, SS Dale, F Rolston, DE Peters, DW Brown, PH Pflaum, T Bravo, AD Biggar, JW AF Hutmacher, RB Nightingale, HI Vail, SS Dale, F Rolston, DE Peters, DW Brown, PH Pflaum, T Bravo, AD Biggar, JW BE Lamm, FR TI Salinity and boron distribution in microirrigated almonds: Soil and plant accumulations SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE almonds; irrigation; salinity; surface drip; boron; microirrigation C1 ARS,USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA. RI Brown, Patrick/E-4085-2012 OI Brown, Patrick/0000-0001-6857-8608 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 110 EP 115 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00017 ER PT B AU Evett, SR Howell, TA Schneider, AD AF Evett, SR Howell, TA Schneider, AD BE Lamm, FR TI Energy and water balances for surface and subsurface drip irrigated corn SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE buried emitter; evaporation; transpiration; corn; model; energy balance; water balance C1 ARS,USDA,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00021 ER PT B AU Ayars, JE Phene, CJ Schoneman, RA Meso, B Dale, F Penland, J AF Ayars, JE Phene, CJ Schoneman, RA Meso, B Dale, F Penland, J BE Lamm, FR TI Impact of bed location on the operation of subsurface drip irrigation systems SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE subsurface drip irrigation; lateral depth; tomato; cotton; lateral spacing; drip irrigation C1 ARS,USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00022 ER PT B AU Hutmacher, RB Phene, CJ Davis, KR Vail, SS Kerby, TA Peters, M Hawk, CA Keeley, M Clark, DA Ballard, D Hudson, N AF Hutmacher, RB Phene, CJ Davis, KR Vail, SS Kerby, TA Peters, M Hawk, CA Keeley, M Clark, DA Ballard, D Hudson, N BE Lamm, FR TI Evapotranspiration, fertility management for subsurface drip Acala and Pima cotton SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE evapotranspiration; fertility; deficit irrigation; subsurface drip; cotton C1 ARS,USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00023 ER PT B AU Camp, CR Hunt, PG Bauer, PJ AF Camp, CR Hunt, PG Bauer, PJ BE Lamm, FR TI Subsurface microirrigation management and lateral spacing for cotton in the southeastern USA SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE lateral placement; trickle irrigation; tensiometers; nitrate; computer simulation C1 ARS,USDA,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00057 ER PT B AU Howell, TA Schneider, AD Stewart, BA AF Howell, TA Schneider, AD Stewart, BA BE Lamm, FR TI Subsurface and surface microirrigation of corn - US southern high plains SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE irrigation management; water use; water use efficiency; yield; yield components C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 375 EP 381 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00058 ER PT B AU Camp, CR Sadler, EJ Busscher, WJ Sojka, RE Karlen, DL AF Camp, CR Sadler, EJ Busscher, WJ Sojka, RE Karlen, DL BE Lamm, FR TI Experiences with microirrigation for agronomic crops in the southeastern USA SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE lateral-placement; trickle-irrigation; lateral-spacing; corn; cotton; soybean C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 638 EP 644 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00101 ER PT B AU Sadler, EJ Camp, CR Busscher, WJ AF Sadler, EJ Camp, CR Busscher, WJ BE Lamm, FR TI Emitter flow rate changes caused by excavating subsurface microirrigation tubing SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE subsurface microirrigation; excavation; uniformity C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 763 EP 768 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00121 ER PT B AU Pitts, D Bianchi, M Clark, K AF Pitts, D Bianchi, M Clark, K BE Lamm, FR TI Scheduling microirrigations for wine grapes using CIMIS SO MICROIRRIGATION FOR A CHANGING WORLD: CONSERVING RESOURCES/PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Microirrigation Congress - Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Irrigat Assoc, Fairfax, Florida Irrigat Soc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, US Comm Irrigat & Drainage, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cooperat States Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water Environm Federat, Int Comm Irrigat & Drainage DE irrigation systems; irrigation management; computer-based water-budget; neutron probe; evapotranspiration C1 USDA ARS,SANTA MARIA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-62-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 792 EP 798 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BF39N UT WOS:A1995BF39N00126 ER PT S AU Plarre, R AF Plarre, R GP DEUT GESELL ALLGEMEINE & ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOL TI Sex specific behavior of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius L (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) in the presence of the synthetic aggregation pheromone SO MITTEILUNGEN DER DEUTSCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR ALLGEMEINE UND ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE, BAND 10, HEFT 1-6, DEZEMBER 1995: VORTRAGE DER ENTOMOLOGENTAGUN IN GOTTINGEN, VOM 27. MARZ - 1. APRIL 1995 SE MITTEILUNGEN DER DEUTSCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR ALLGEMEINE UND ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA German DT Proceedings Paper CT Entomologists Conference CY MAR 27-APR 01, 1995 CL GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SP Deut Gesell Allgemeine & Angewandte Entomol DE Sitophilus granarius; granary weevil; Curculionidae; stored-product insects; aggregation; pheromone; behavior; orientation; orthokinesis C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEUTSCHEN GESELL ALLGEMEINE & ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE PI BREMEN 33 PA C/O PROF D MOSSAKOWSKI, UNIV BREMEN, POSTFACH 330 440, W-2800 BREMEN 33, GERMANY SN 0344-9084 J9 MITT DGAAE PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1-6 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Entomology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Entomology; Forestry GA BF42P UT WOS:A1995BF42P00124 ER PT S AU Zollweg, JA Gburek, WJ Pionke, HB Sharpley, AW AF Zollweg, JA Gburek, WJ Pionke, HB Sharpley, AW BE Simonovic, SP Kundzewicz, Z Rosbjerg, D Takeuchi, K TI GIS-based delineation of source areas of phosphorous within agricultural watersheds of the northeastern USA SO MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE BASIN-SCALE WATER RESOURCE SYSTEMS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Modelling and Management of Sustainable Basin-Scale Water Resource Systems, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 01-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Resources Syst C1 ARS,USDA,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-59-0 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 231 BP 31 EP 39 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BF19K UT WOS:A1995BF19K00004 ER PT S AU Tseng, PH vanGenuchten, MT Jury, WA AF Tseng, PH vanGenuchten, MT Jury, WA BE Wagner, BJ Illangasekare, TH Jensen, KH TI Simulating the performance of a vacuum solution extraction device for measuring solute flux concentrations in field soils SO MODELS FOR ASSESSING AND MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Models for Assessing and Monitoring Groundwater Quality, at the XXI Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 02-14, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, World Meteorol Org C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-39-6 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1995 IS 227 BP 133 EP 140 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BF19F UT WOS:A1995BF19F00016 ER PT J AU TOMITA, B HSE, CY AF TOMITA, B HSE, CY TI ANALYSES OF COCONDENSATION OF MELAMINE AND UREA THROUGH FORMALDEHYDE WITH CARBON-13 NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA English DT Note DE MELAMINE; UREA; FORMALDEHYDE; COCONDENSATION; C-13 NMR ID RESINS AB The C-13-NMR (carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins, and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) cocondensed resins synthesized under various conditions were taken with a frequency of 75 MHz. The main purpose was to investigate whether or not the occurrences of cocondensation between melamine and urea through the formations of methylene or dimethylene ether linkages could be identified. The signals due to carbons of methylene linkages of UF resins were distinguishable from those of MF resins. The signals due to carbons of cocondensed methylene linkages (-NH-CR(2)-NH-), in which both nitrogen atoms are secondary, were suggested to be identifiable separately from those due to UF and MF resins. The corresponding carbons of dimethylene ether linkages of UF and MF resins could be identified clearly by the difference of their chemical shifts of 0.9 ppm. The carbon signals due to cocondensed dimethylene ether linkages were found to appear at the chemical shifts between those due to UF and MF resins. C1 US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RP TOMITA, B (reprint author), UNIV TSUKUBA, INST AGR & FOREST ENGN, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA QV648 UT WOS:A1995QV64800015 ER PT J AU TOMITA, B HSE, CY AF TOMITA, B HSE, CY TI ANALYSIS ON COCONDENSATION OF MELAMINE AND UREA THROUGH C-13 ENRICHED FORMALDEHYDE WITH C-13 NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE MELAMINE UREA; FORMALDEHYDE; COCONDENSATION; C-13 NMR; C-13 ENRICHED FORMALDEHYDE AB The urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins, and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) cocondensed resins were synthesized using the labeling method with C-13 enriched formaldehyde under neutral conditions and their C-13-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra were analyzed. The remarkable down-field shifts by 1.2 to 2.7 ppm of the corresponding signals of UF and MUF resins were recognized by the addition of water to the DMSO-d6 solution of NMR samples. According to the results, the chemical shifts were corrected by measurements of DMSO-d6 solution free of water. The formation of cocondensed methylene linkages was induced mainly by the reaction of methylol groups of melamine and primary amino groups of urea residue, and that of cocondensed dimethylene ether linkages was apt to take place in the case of a shortage of primary amino groups of urea residue. In the reaction of methylolurea and dimethylolmelamine, methylol groups of urea residue also were found to react with the primary amino group of methylolmelamine to form cocondensed methylene linkages. C1 US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RP TOMITA, B (reprint author), UNIV TSUKUBA, INST AGR & FOREST ENGN, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1995 VL 41 IS 5 BP 490 EP 497 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA RF164 UT WOS:A1995RF16400007 ER PT J AU YOSHIDA, Y TOMITA, B HSE, CY AF YOSHIDA, Y TOMITA, B HSE, CY TI KINETICS ON COCONDENSATION BETWEEN PHENOL AND UREA THROUGH FORMALDEHYDE .1. PSEUDO-FIRST-ORDER REACTION OF MONOMETHYLOLPHENOL AND UREA SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE COCONDENSATION; UREA; 8-HYDROXYBENZYL ALCOHOL; 4-HYDROXYBENZYL ALCOHOL; KINETICS ID AMINO RESINS; RESOL AB The kinetics of the reactions of methylolphenols and urea were investigated using 2- and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohols. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a reverse phase column gave a clear separation between methylolphenols and hydroxybenzylureas. The molar ratios of hydroxybenzylureas to the corresponding methylolphenols in reaction mixtures were obtained from the ratios of peak areas of the chromatograms by using transfer factors corrected by quantitative C-13-NMR (carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance) measurements. The reactions of 2- and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohols with excessive amounts of urea were found to follow the pseudo-first-order reaction. It was found that the pseudo-first-order rate constant for the formation of 4-hydroxybenzylurea is at least ten times greater than that of 2-hydroxybenzylurea. The reactivities of the two hydroxybenzyl alcohols also were investigated in terms of pH and kinds of acids used as catalysts. The pH dependencies of the pseudo-first-order rate constants were represented by linear equations in terms of hydrogen ion concentrations. It was found that the reactivity of 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is enhanced considerably by a zinc acetate/sulfuric acid system. C1 UNIV TSUKUBA, INST AGR & FOREST ENGN, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RP YOSHIDA, Y (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO, FAC AGR, DEPT FOREST PROD, BUNKYO KU, 1-1-1 YAYOI, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 BP 547 EP 554 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA RM350 UT WOS:A1995RM35000003 ER PT J AU YOSHIDA, Y TOMITA, B HSE, CY AF YOSHIDA, Y TOMITA, B HSE, CY TI KINETICS ON COCONDENSATION BETWEEN PHENOL AND UREA THROUGH FORMALDEHYDE .2. CONCURRENT COCONDENSATIONS OF 2,4,6-TRIMETHYLOLPHENOL WITH UREA SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE COCONDENSATION UREA METHYLOLPHENOL; 2,4,6-TRIMETHYLOLPHENOL; KINETICS; REACTIVITY RATIO; CATALYST AB The chemical kinetics of the concurrent reactions of 2,4,6-trimethylolphenol with urea, where o(-) and p(-)methylol groups reacted simultaneously with urea, were analyzed on four kinds of catalysts: namely, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and oxalic acid. The results were summarized as follows: (1) Assuming that each reaction follows the second-order reaction, the reactivity ratio (K=k(o)/k(p)) of the o(-) to p(-)methylol group could be obtained from the kinetic plots of Equation [5] within small errors. (2) The reactivity ratios were determined to be 0.066 to 0.075 by the least-square method for four kinds of acid catalysts. (3) The reactivity ratio of the pseudo-first-order rate constants obtained by competitive cocondensations under the coexistence of o(-) and p(-)methylolphenols with a sulfuric acid catalyst was found to be almost identical with that obtained by the concurrent cocondensation of the trimethylolphenol. C1 UNIV TSUKUBA, INST AGR & FOREST ENGN, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RP YOSHIDA, Y (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO, FAC AGR, DEPT FOREST PROD, BUNKYO KU, 1-1-1 YAGOI, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA RM350 UT WOS:A1995RM35000004 ER PT J AU YOSHIDA, Y TOMITA, B HSE, CY AF YOSHIDA, Y TOMITA, B HSE, CY TI KINETICS ON COCONDENSATION BETWEEN PHENOL AND UREA THROUGH FORMALDEHYDE .3. CONCURRENT REACTIONS OF MONOMETHYLOLPHENOL AND UREA INVOLVING COCONDENSATION AND SELF-CODENSATION SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE COCONDENSATION; UREA METHYLOLPHENOLS; KINETICS; REACTIVITY RATIO; C-13 NMR ID AMINO RESINS; RESOL AB Concurrent reactions involving cocondensation and self-codensation were determined simultaneously in the reactions of o- and p-methylolphenol, respectively, with urea. The results were as follow : (1) The reactivity ratio of self-condensation to cocondensation could be determined by Equation [4] for the concurrent reaction of monomethylolphenol with urea. (2) For the reaction of o-methylolphenol with urea in water, it was found that the second-order rate constant of the self-condensation due to the formation of a o,p-methylene linkage is approximately ten times greater than that of the cocondensation between o-methylolphenols with urea. The reaction solvent of the mixture of water and dioxane reduced the reactivity ratio. (3) For the reaction of p-methylolphenol with urea using a water/dioxane solvent, it was suggested that the rate constant of the cocondensation is approximately four times greater than that of the self-condensation between p-methylolphenols. C1 UNIV TSUKUBA, INST AGR & FOREST ENGN, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. USDA, FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RP YOSHIDA, Y (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO, FAC AGR, DEPT FOREST PROD, BUNKYO KU, 1-1-1 YAYOI, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1995 VL 41 IS 7 BP 652 EP 658 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA RR806 UT WOS:A1995RR80600005 ER PT J AU Gu, JY Higuchi, M Morita, M Hse, CY AF Gu, JY Higuchi, M Morita, M Hse, CY TI Synthetic conditions and chemical structures of urea-formaldehyde resins .1. Properties of the resins synthesized by three different procedures SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE urea resins; synthetic conditions; chemical structures; bonding strength; formaldehyde emission AB The properties and chemical structures of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins synthesized by three different procedures were investigated. The procedures employed were: 1) methylolation under the conditions of pH 8 and a formaldehyde/urea (F/U) molar ratio of 2, followed by condensation at pH 5 and by the additional incorporation of urea, 2) condensation under the conditions of pH 4.5 and a F/U molar ratio of 2.5, followed by the additional incorporation of urea, 3) condensation under the conditions of pH 1 and a F/U molar ratio of 3, followed by the additional incorporation of urea. Procedures 1) and 2) gave resins of similar properties; the bonding strength of the resin synthesized by Procedure 1) was slightly higher than that of the resin synthesized by Procedure 2), whereas the formaldehyde emission of the former resin was slightly higher than that of the latter resin. The bonding strength of the resin synthesized by procedure 3) was far inferior to those of the other two resins. However, this resin showed very little formaldehyde emission. C-13-NMR (Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis showed that branched structures increased as the pH of the condensation step lowered. In particular, methylene linkages between tertiary nitrogen atoms were formed by Procedure 3). The resin synthesized by Procedure 3) also contained urons, and had a far smaller amount of methylol group than the other two resins. C1 KYUSHU UNIV, FAC AGR, FUKUOKA 812, JAPAN. FOREST SERV, USDA, SO RES STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71369 USA. RP Gu, JY (reprint author), DONGBEI FORESTRY UNIV, COLL FOREST PROD IND, HARBIN 150040, PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 3 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1995 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1115 EP 1121 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA TU796 UT WOS:A1995TU79600008 ER PT J AU NAQVI, NI BONMAN, JM MACKILL, DJ NELSON, RJ CHATTOO, BB AF NAQVI, NI BONMAN, JM MACKILL, DJ NELSON, RJ CHATTOO, BB TI IDENTIFICATION OF RAPD MARKERS LINKED TO A MAJOR BLAST RESISTANCE GENE IN RICE SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE GENE MAPPING; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; ORYZA SATIVA L; PYRICULARIA GRISEA CAV; PYRICULARIA ORYZAE CAV ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; VIRULENCE; CULTIVARS; PRIMERS; TOMATO AB Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea, is a major production constraint in many parts of the world. The Korean rice variety Tongil showed high levels of resistance for about six years when widely planted under highly disease-conducive conditions, before becoming susceptible. Tongil was found to carry a single dominant gene, designated Pi-10t, conferring resistance to isolate 106 of the blast pathogen from the Philippines. We report here the use of bulked segregant RAPD analysis for rapid identification of DNA markers linked to Pi-10t. Pooled DNA extracts from five homozygous blast-resistant (RR) and five susceptible (rr) BC3F2 plants, derived from a CO39 x Tongil cross, were analyzed by RFLP using 83 polymorphic probes and by RAPD using 468 random oligomers. We identified two RAPD markers linked to the Pi-10t locus: RRF6 (3.8 +/- 1.2 cM) and RRH18 (2.9 +/- 0.9 cM). Linkage of these markers with Pi-10t was verified using an F2 population segregating for Pi-10t. The two linked RAPD markers mapped 7 cM apart on chrome some 5. Chromosomal regions surrounding the Pi-10t gene were examined with additional RFLP markers to define the segment introgressed from the donor genome. Pi-10t is likely to be a new blast-resistance locus, because no other known resistance gene has been mapped on chromosome 5. These tightly linked RAPD markers could facilitate early selection of the Pi-10t locus in rice breeding programmes. C1 MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA,FAC SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,BARODA 390002,GUJARAT,INDIA. MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA,FAC SCI,CTR BIOTECHNOL,BARODA 390002,GUJARAT,INDIA. DU PONT AGR PROD,NEWARK,DE 19714. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. INT RICE RES INST,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1007/BF01248411 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA TK046 UT WOS:A1995TK04600004 ER PT B AU SCHMUGGE, TJ CHANZY, A KERR, Y VANOEVELEN, P AF SCHMUGGE, TJ CHANZY, A KERR, Y VANOEVELEN, P BE Mougin, E Ranson, KJ Smith, JA TI MICROWAVE RADIOMETER OBSERVATIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE IN HAPEX-SAHEL SO MULTISPECTRAL AND MICROWAVE SENSING OF FORESTRY, HYDROLOGY, AND NATURAL RESOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral and Microwave Sensing of Forestry, Hydrology, and Natural Resources CY SEP 26-30, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DIRECTORATE GEN SCI RES & DEV, EUROPEAN OPT SOC, SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS, CNR, ITALIAN ASSOC REMOTE SENSING C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1644-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2314 BP 462 EP 469 PG 8 WC Geography; Remote Sensing SC Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC43R UT WOS:A1995BC43R00044 ER PT J AU TOOLEY, PW CARRAS, MM BECK, R PETERSON, G BONDE, MR AF TOOLEY, PW CARRAS, MM BECK, R PETERSON, G BONDE, MR TI SEPARATION OF TILLETIA-INDICA CHROMOSOMES USING CHEF GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE; KARNAL BUNT; SMUT FUNGUS; WHEAT AB Electrophoretic karyotypes were determined for single teliospore isolates and monosporidial lines of Tilletia indica, causal agent of Karnal bunt disease of wheat. Good separation of chromosomes of T. indica was achieved using 0.7% chromosomal grade agarose and a 3-15 minute ramped switching interval for 168 hours at 60 volts. At least 11 chromosomes were observed in T. indica, ranging in size from ca 1 to over 3.3 megabases. Many isolates contained unique karyotypes. Substantial variation in banding intensity was observed within many isolates, indicating the possible presence of multiple chromosomes within single bands. Electrophoretic karyotypes of single teliospore isolates from infected wheat seeds were compared with those of monosporidial isolates derived therefrom. Some differences were observed in karyotypes of teliospore and monosporidial lines, indicating that alterations in karyotype may occur through meiosis in T. indica. Southern blot hybridization revealed that the large subunit ribosomal DNA gene is located on the largest chromosome in T. indica. RP TOOLEY, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 87 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.2307/3760947 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QM591 UT WOS:A1995QM59100008 ER PT J AU MOSER, JC PERRY, TJ BRIDGES, JR YIN, HF AF MOSER, JC PERRY, TJ BRIDGES, JR YIN, HF TI ASCOSPORE DISPERSAL OF CERATOCYSTIOPSIS-RANACULOSUS, A MYCANGIAL FUNGUS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CERATOCYSTIOPSIS; SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE ID BLUESTAIN FUNGUS; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; MITES AB Ascospores of the heterothallic fungus Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus were found in sporothecae of three mite species of the genus Tarsonemus. These mites were phoretic on the coniferous bark beetles Dendroctonus frontalis, D. brevicomis, and Ips acuminatus. Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus inhabits the mycangium of both Dendroctonus species as conidia in a budding yeast-like form. Ascospores are not known to occur in mycangia of bark beetles, and the means of ascospore dispersal has not previously been reported. It is postulated that ascospores transported by phoretic mites may be responsible for establishing sexually compatible colonies of the fungus in beetle galleries either by themselves or in combination with the mycangial fungus type. C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. ACAD SINICA,INST ZOOL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP MOSER, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HWY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 87 IS 1 BP 84 EP 86 DI 10.2307/3760950 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QM591 UT WOS:A1995QM59100011 ER PT J AU BACON, CW PORTER, JK NORRED, WP AF BACON, CW PORTER, JK NORRED, WP TI TOXIC INTERACTION OF FUMONISIN B-1 AND FUSARIC ACID MEASURED BY INJECTION INTO FERTILE CHICKEN EGG SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN EMBRYO; FUMONISIN; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; MAIZE; TOXIC FUNGUS ID STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; ANIMAL HEALTH; MONILIFORME; SWINE; MYCOTOXINS; FEEDS; CARCINOGENICITY; SPHINGANINE; SPHINGOSINE; METABOLITE AB Toxic interactions of fusaric acid and fumonisin B-1, two mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme, were studied in the chicken embryo. The yolk sacs of fertile White Leghorn eggs were injected before incubation with separate and combined solutions of either fusaric acid and or fumonisin B-1. The toxins were administered in either a sterile 10 mM buffered phosphate solution, pH 6.90, which produced a final pH of 6.6 +/- 0.2, or sterile distilled water. Toxicity was based on absence of egg pip at the end of the 21-day incubation period. Toxins administered in the phosphate buffer solution were more toxic than those administered in distilled water. When both toxins were combined in equal concentrations and injected into eggs, increased toxicity resulted. Fusaric acid was shown to be a mild toxin to the eggs and when a relatively nontoxic concentration of it was combined with graded doses of fumonisin B-1, a synergistic toxic response was obtained. Fusaric acid is only moderately toxic to the chicken egg, however its co-occurrence with other fusaria toxins found on corn and other cereals might present possible antagonisms or synergisms. The results of this egg model suggest that fusaric acid might play a role in enhanced and unpredicted toxicity in mammalian systems if it is consumed with other mycotoxins. RP BACON, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1995 VL 129 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1007/BF01139334 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RG699 UT WOS:A1995RG69900005 PM 7617015 ER PT J AU NORTON, RA AF NORTON, RA TI A NOVEL GLASS-FIBER DISC CULTURE SYSTEM FOR TESTING OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF COMPOUNDS ON GROWTH AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS; AFLATOXINS; CULTURE METHOD; GLASS FIBER AB A new method for growing Aspergllius flavus for experimental studies is presented. The system consists of a humidified vial with a thick septum pierced by a pin on which a glass fiber disc is affixed. The disc contains the test solution and inoculum plus medium. The method has been used to assess the effect of variations in culture conditions on production of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)). The AFB(1) level was affected by the amount of medium placed on the disc and type of disc material. The results for different types of glass fiber and quartz discs were compared with AFB(1) produced by fungus grown in liquid medium or on paper discs. When compared to a liquid medium culture there was a 15 to 20-fold increase in AFB(1) for one type of disc. Incubations with less than 14 mu l of medium gave satisfactory results. A crude phosphatidylcholine preparation at a concentration of 0.7% of the medium resulted in a 4-fold increase in AFB(1). RP NORTON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1995 VL 129 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1007/BF01103469 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RQ131 UT WOS:A1995RQ13100008 PM 7659139 ER PT J AU RICHARD, JL DEBEY, MC AF RICHARD, JL DEBEY, MC TI PRODUCTION OF GLIOTOXIN DURING THE PATHOGENIC STATE IN TURKEY POULTS BY ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS FRESENIUS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ANALYTICAL METHODS; ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS; AVIAN ASPERGILLOSIS; GLIOTOXIN; TURKEYS AB Turkey poults were given either of two different dosages of two different gliotoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus fumigatus.Infected lung tissue was examined postmortem for the presence of gliotoxin. Gliotoxin was found in lung tissue of ten poults infected with one strain and in seven of ten poults infected with the other strain. Concentrations of gliotoxin in the tissue exceeded 6 ppm in some of the infected tissues. The concentration of gliotoxin found in infected tissue did not appear to be correlated with the dosage of organism given. Considering the pathologic changes observed in turkey poults with aspergillosis and the production of gliotoxin during the pathogenic state in turkey poults, gliotoxin is considered likely to be involved in avian aspergillosis. C1 NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA. RP RICHARD, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1995 VL 129 IS 2 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF01103470 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RQ131 UT WOS:A1995RQ13100009 PM 7544872 ER PT J AU HINTON, DM BACON, CW AF HINTON, DM BACON, CW TI ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE IS AN ENDOPHYTIC SYMBIONT OF CORN SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CORN SEEDLING DISEASE; ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; MAIZE; SEEDLING BLIGHT; ZEA MAYS ID PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PYTHIUM; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA; SEEDS; FLUORESCENT; FUMONISINS; INHIBITION AB The bacterium Enterobacter cloacae is presently used for biocontrol of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables and as a preplant seed treatment for suppression of damping-off. This bacterium has apparent affinities for several grass species, but it is not considered to be an endophyte. While screening corn for fungi and bacteria with potential for biocontrol of various corn diseases, the surface-sterilized kernels of one unknown Italian corn cultivar produced fungus-free corn seedlings with roots endophytically infected by E. cloacae. This paper describes the microscopic nature off. cloacae RRC 101 with corn, and the in vitro control of Fusarium moniliforme and other fungi with this bacterium. Light and electron microscopy determined that this isolate of E. cloacae was biologically associated with corn seedling roots, where it was distributed intercellularly within the cortex and stele. This is a first report of a strain of this bacterium as an endophytic symbiont of roots. Following a topical application of E. cloacae to kernels, and upon germination this bacterium readily infected roots of two other corn cultivars. The bacterium was observed within the endosperm of germinating corn seedling, but germination was not affected. Further, the bacterium was isolated from leaves and stems of 3- to 6-week-old seedlings indicating that the above ground portions of corn were also colonized. There was no evidence of damage to cells of the root during a three to four week observation period. This bacterium was antagonistic to several isolates of the corn pathogen Fusarium moniliforme, and to two other species of fungi, all of which produce mycotoxins on corn. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 33 TC 69 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1995 VL 129 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1007/BF01103471 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RQ131 UT WOS:A1995RQ13100010 PM 7659140 ER PT J AU DESJARDINS, AE NELSON, PE AF DESJARDINS, AE NELSON, PE TI SEXUAL FERTILITY OF 40 FUSARIUM STRAINS FROM THE EUROPEAN FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM PROJECT SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM SAMBUCINUM; F-TORULOSUM; GIBBERELLA PULICARIS; FUSARIUM SPECIES ID GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; TRICHOTHECENE PRODUCTION AB Fungus strains designated as Fusarium sambucinum, F. torulosum, or Fusarium sp. nov. were crossed with MATl-l and MATl-2 tester strains of Gibberella pulicaris. Of the 40 held strains that were crossed with the tester strains, 13 strains produced fertile crosses and 27 strains did not produce fertile crosses. One strain designated as F. torulosum was fertile with a tester strain of G. pulicaris, suggesting that this is an intraspecies cross and that the strain is G. pulicaris, and, consequently, F. sambucinum rather than F. torulosum. The lack of fertile crosses between tester strains and 27 of the 40 field strains suggests that these strains are not G. pulicaris. Although the ability to form a fully fertile cross with a tester strain can determine the species of a fertile strain, it is more problematic to exclude a strain only because it is infertile. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FUSARIUM RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP DESJARDINS, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1995 VL 129 IS 3 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1007/BF01103339 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RR908 UT WOS:A1995RR90800005 PM 7566050 ER PT J AU LOGRIECO, A PETERSON, SW BOTTALICO, A AF LOGRIECO, A PETERSON, SW BOTTALICO, A TI PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP WITHIN FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM FUCKEL SENSU-LATO, DETERMINED FROM RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM SPECIES; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; RIBOSOMAL RNA SEQUENCES ID TRICHOTHECENE TOXIN PRODUCTION; STRAINS AB Partial ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences were determined for 11 strains of Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel sensu lato to assess by molecular genetic means, Nirenberg's recent morphotaxonomic interpretation which split the species into three distinct taxa: F. sambucinum sensu stricto, F. torulosum, and one other species, as yet unnamed (Fusarium species nova). Four sequence patterns were identified among the 11 strains. Two sequences that varied at one site were found among strains of F. sambucinum, strains of F. torulosum and Fusarium sp. nov. showed no intraspecific variation. Interspecific comparisons revealed nucleotide sequence differences of 3-9 substitutions in the ca. 240 nucleotide rRNA segment examined. Although interspecific differences are not large in terms of percent nucleotide substitution, they are much larger than the observed intraspecific variation and support the morphological interpretation distinguishing three taxa. When the data were analysed using parsimony and bootstrapping, the three taxon tree was well supported. The phylogenetic arrangement of these strains is congruent with secondary metabolite profile similarities. C1 CNR,IST TOSSINE & MICOTOSSINE PARASSITI VEGETALI,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. RP LOGRIECO, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. OI Logrieco, Antonio Francesco/0000-0002-8606-451X NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1995 VL 129 IS 3 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF01103340 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RR908 UT WOS:A1995RR90800006 PM 7566051 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, C BURDSALL, HH VOLK, TJ AF RODRIGUEZ, C BURDSALL, HH VOLK, TJ TI WOOD-DECAY BASIDIOMYCETES FROM THE STATE OF BOLIVAR IN SOUTHEASTERN VENEZUELA SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article ID POLYPORES AB This report summarizes information on wood-decay fungi from the Lote Boscoso San Pedro in the state of Bolivar in southeastern Venezuela. Forty-four species are reported, including 12 new to the Venezuelan rainforest: Lentinus scleropus, Megasporoporia setulosa, Postia floriformis, Phellinus durissimus, P. pectinatus, P. rhababarinus, P. robustus, Pleurotus flavolanatus, P. ostreatus, Trametes cervina, Tyromyces hydrophilus, and Rigidoporus umbonatipes. Information is presented on substrate/host relationships, type of rot produced, and geographic distribution for each species. RP RODRIGUEZ, C (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 53 BP 377 EP 389 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QB410 UT WOS:A1995QB41000029 ER PT J AU LANTZ, CW AF LANTZ, CW BE Landis, TD Dumroese, RK TI Reforestation trends in the eastern United States SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-Nursery-Associat ion Conference CY JUL 11-14, 1994 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP SO Forest Nursery Assoc, NE Forest Nursery Assoc C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 257 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13V UT WOS:A1995BD13V00001 ER PT J AU SLOAN, J AF SLOAN, J BE Landis, TD Dumroese, RK TI Nursery regimes affect seedling size and outplanting performance of 1+0 ponderosa pine SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-Nursery-Associat ion Conference CY JUL 11-14, 1994 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP SO Forest Nursery Assoc, NE Forest Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,BOISE,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 257 BP 169 EP 181 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13V UT WOS:A1995BD13V00026 ER PT J AU PAGEDUMROESE, DS HARVEY, AE AF PAGEDUMROESE, DS HARVEY, AE BE Landis, TD Dumroese, RK TI Influence of soil fumigation and fungicide application on outplanted ponderosa pine seedlings SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-Nursery-Associat ion Conference CY JUL 11-14, 1994 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP SO Forest Nursery Assoc, NE Forest Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 257 BP 203 EP 213 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13V UT WOS:A1995BD13V00030 ER PT J AU STEIN, JD AF STEIN, JD BE Landis, TD Dumroese, RK TI Impact of aphid damage in a bareroot nursery and seed source on survival and growth of outplanted white fir seedlings in the Sierra Nevada SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-Nursery-Associat ion Conference CY JUL 11-14, 1994 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP SO Forest Nursery Assoc, NE Forest Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 257 BP 246 EP 255 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13V UT WOS:A1995BD13V00036 ER PT J AU SLOAN, J AF SLOAN, J BE Landis, TD Dumroese, RK TI Grading specifications of ponderosa pine seedlings at lucky peak nursery SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-Nursery-Associat ion Conference CY JUL 11-14, 1994 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP SO Forest Nursery Assoc, NE Forest Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,BOISE,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 257 BP 271 EP 273 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13V UT WOS:A1995BD13V00040 ER PT J AU CREGG, B LEE, S HOVLAND, T FLEEGE, C GLEASON, J AF CREGG, B LEE, S HOVLAND, T FLEEGE, C GLEASON, J BE Landis, TD Dumroese, RK TI Propagation of Juniperus for conservation planting SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-Nursery-Associat ion Conference CY JUL 11-14, 1994 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP SO Forest Nursery Assoc, NE Forest Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,CTR SEMIARID AGROFORESTRY,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 257 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13V UT WOS:A1995BD13V00041 ER PT J AU Hildebrand, DM Stone, JK James, RL Frankel, SJ Pokorny, JD OBrien, JG Cram, MM AF Hildebrand, DM Stone, JK James, RL Frankel, SJ Pokorny, JD OBrien, JG Cram, MM BE Landis, TD Cregg, B TI Alternatives to chemical Fumigation Technology development project: Preliminary results SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 1995 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association Meeting CY AUG 07-11, 1995 CL KEARNEY, NE SP W Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 J9 USDA PAC NW PY 1995 VL 365 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BF17D UT WOS:A1995BF17D00004 ER PT J AU Fleege, C AF Fleege, C BE Landis, TD Cregg, B TI History of Bessey Nursery SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 1995 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association Meeting CY AUG 07-11, 1995 CL KEARNEY, NE SP W Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,BESSEY NURSERY,USDA,HALSEY,NE 69142. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 J9 USDA PAC NW PY 1995 VL 365 BP 60 EP 63 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BF17D UT WOS:A1995BF17D00013 ER PT J AU Karsky, D Lowman, B AF Karsky, D Lowman, B BE Landis, TD Cregg, B TI Nursery and reforestation programs at the Missoula Technology and Development Center SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 1995 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association Meeting CY AUG 07-11, 1995 CL KEARNEY, NE SP W Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,MISSOULA TECHNOL & DEV CTR,MISSOULA,MT 59801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 J9 USDA PAC NW PY 1995 VL 365 BP 64 EP 74 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BF17D UT WOS:A1995BF17D00014 ER PT J AU Irwin, KM AF Irwin, KM BE Landis, TD Cregg, B TI Late-season nitrogen fertilization: Application in southern nurseries SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 1995 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association Meeting CY AUG 07-11, 1995 CL KEARNEY, NE SP W Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,NATL AGROFORESTRY CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 J9 USDA PAC NW PY 1995 VL 365 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BF17D UT WOS:A1995BF17D00019 ER PT J AU Tinus, RW AF Tinus, RW BE Landis, TD Cregg, B TI Lessons learned from the USDA Forest Service Reforestation Improvement Program SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 1995 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association Meeting CY AUG 07-11, 1995 CL KEARNEY, NE SP W Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 J9 USDA PAC NW PY 1995 VL 365 BP 102 EP 107 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BF17D UT WOS:A1995BF17D00020 ER PT J AU Kormanik, PP Sung, SJS Kormanik, TL Zarnock, SJ AF Kormanik, PP Sung, SJS Kormanik, TL Zarnock, SJ BE Landis, TD Cregg, B TI Oak regeneration - Why big is better SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 1995 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association Meeting CY AUG 07-11, 1995 CL KEARNEY, NE SP W Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,SO RES STN,ATHENS,GA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 J9 USDA PAC NW PY 1995 VL 365 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BF17D UT WOS:A1995BF17D00023 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E MANN, K DORR, M FRITZ, H ROITMAN, JN YATSKIEVYCH, G AF WOLLENWEBER, E MANN, K DORR, M FRITZ, H ROITMAN, JN YATSKIEVYCH, G TI EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS IN 3 AMBROSIA SPECIES SO NATURAL PRODUCT LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ASTERACEAE; HELIANTHEAE; AMBROSIA - EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS; RARE FLAVANONE AGLYCONES AB Three species of Ambrosia (Asteraceae) were studied for leaf and stem exudate flavonoids. Among these, A. bidentata contained 5,7-dihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyflavanone and other rare flavonoids, whereas A. chamissonis and A. trifida were shown to contain a number of trivial flavonoids. C1 TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,D-64287 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. MISSOURI BOT GARDEN,ST LOUIS,MO 63166. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1057-5634 J9 NAT PROD LETT JI Nat. Prod. Lett. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1080/10575639508043197 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TA869 UT WOS:A1995TA86900005 ER PT J AU HARWOOD, JS CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM AF HARWOOD, JS CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM TI NIGROSPOROLIDE, A PLANT GROWTH-INHIBITING MACROLIDE FROM THE MOLD NIGROSPORA-SPHAERICA SO NATURAL PRODUCT LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NIGROSPORA SPHAERICA; FUNGAL METABOLITE; NIGROSPOROLIDE; MACROLIDE; PLANT GROWTH INHIBITOR; ETIOLATED WHEAT COLEOPTILE AB Bioassay-directed fractionation of an extract from the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica (strain UK181RRC) yielded a new 14-membered lactone, named nigrosporolide, whose structure was established by spectroscopic techniques. This compound inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM,NMR FACIL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. OHIO NO UNIV,COLL PHARM,ADA,OH 45810. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1057-5634 J9 NAT PROD LETT JI Nat. Prod. Lett. PY 1995 VL 6 IS 3 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1080/10575639508043156 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RE521 UT WOS:A1995RE52100004 ER PT B AU KEHAYIAS, JJ MA, RM ZHUANG, H MOORE, R DOWLING, L AF KEHAYIAS, JJ MA, RM ZHUANG, H MOORE, R DOWLING, L BE Vourvopoulos, G Paradellis, T TI INVIVO ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS BY COUNTING NEUTRON-INDUCED GAMMA-RAYS FOR MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SO NEUTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutrons and Their Applications CY JUN 12-18, 1994 CL CRETE, GREECE C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1672-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2339 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.1117/12.204195 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BD19P UT WOS:A1995BD19P00059 ER PT S AU Lawson, RH Roh, MS AF Lawson, RH Roh, MS BE Ohkawa, K Noordegraaf, CV vonHentig, WU TI New crops in the USA SO NEW ORNAMENTAL CROPS AND THE MARKET FOR FLORICULTURAL PRODUCTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Ornamental Crops and the Market for Floricultural Products, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci AB Development of new crops involves a complex process of plant selection, production technology and marketing. During the past ten years the USDA in cooperation with the U.S. floral industry has developed a series of plant materials for U.S. consumers. The process requires a large investment and is high risk since the outcome if unpredictable. The evaluation should include an assessment of production time in relation to the cost of production and selling price. Before a new crop can be successfully introduced, demand potential should be assessed. New products should be evaluated by producing a limited quantity of plant material and trial marketing in several different geographical areas prior to introduction. In addition, stability and longevity of the product in transport as well as post-harvest quality should be evaluated. After all of these criteria are applied to new crop development and introduction, very few plants will meet all of the requirements. Research results and the introduction of several crops including Cupressus, Eustoma, Ornithogalum, Lachenalia and Curcuma will be discussed. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lawson, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-017-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 397 BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26K UT WOS:000071638000002 ER PT S AU Roh, MS Lawson, RH Song, CY Louw, E AF Roh, MS Lawson, RH Song, CY Louw, E BE Ohkawa, K Noordegraaf, CV vonHentig, WU TI Forcing Lachenalia as a potted plant SO NEW ORNAMENTAL CROPS AND THE MARKET FOR FLORICULTURAL PRODUCTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Ornamental Crops and the Market for Floricultural Products, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci AB The effect of bulb storage and forcing temperatures on growth, inflorescence initiation, and flowering were investigated to produce quality pot plants of Lachenalia aloides, 'Pearsonii' and 'Ronina'. Quality was judged by compactness short floral stem and leaves at flowering - and early flowering. Bulbs stored at 15 degrees C remained vegetative for 195 days but at 25 degrees C became reproductive in 110 days. Bulbs transferred from 15 degrees C after storage for 195 days to 25 degrees C became reproductive in 85 - 115 days. Bulb storage at 10 degrees, 12.5 degrees, and 15 degrees C for 45 days promoted flowering and reduced leaf length as compared bulbs stored at 20 degrees or 25 degrees C, and when forced at 17 degrees/15 degrees C, day/night. However, the number of florets was reduced by storing bulbs at 10 degrees, 12.5 degrees, and 15 degrees C. Quality potted Lachenalia plants were produced by storing bulbs after floral initiation at 10 degrees - 15 degrees C for 45 days and force at 15 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-017-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 397 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26K UT WOS:000071638000014 ER PT J AU SMITH, JE MOLINA, R PERRY, DA AF SMITH, JE MOLINA, R PERRY, DA TI OCCURRENCE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAS ON ERICACEOUS AND CONIFEROUS SEEDLINGS GROWN IN SOILS FROM THE OREGON COAST RANGE SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ECTOMYCORRHIZAS; ERICACEAE; PINACEAE; SOIL BIOASSAY; ERICOID MYCORRHIZAS ID ERICOID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; VEGETATIVE MYCELIUM; PLANTS; ROOTS; ASSOCIATIONS; INFECTION; BIOLOGY; TRANSLOCATION; PHOSPHORUS; ENDOPHYTE AB Seedlings of Gaultheria shallon, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Rhododendron macrophyllum, and Tsuga heterophylla were grown together in the greenhouse in soils from three young managed Douglas fir forests in the Oregon Coast Range. The objective of the study was to evaluate the ability of ericaceous plants and overstory conifers to share compatible mycorrhizal fungi in order to assess potential mycorrhizal linkages. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were examined in Gaultheria and Rhododendron to assess their assumed presence in soils of the Pacific Northwestern region of the United States. Nine ectomycorrhizal types were recognized on the conifers and two on the Ericaceae. All nine ectomycorrhizal types occurred on both conifer species, and the two ectomycorrhizal types on the ericaceous hosts resembled types associated with the conifer hosts. Ectomycorrhizal fungi occurred on all the conifer seedlings and in trace amounts on 26 % of the ericaceous seedlings in the study. Ericoid mycorrhiza developed on all the ericaceous seedlings. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, 3200 JEFFERSON WAY, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RI Trilety, Roman/I-8225-2014 OI Trilety, Roman/0000-0002-3778-0368 NR 72 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 129 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03011.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QJ818 UT WOS:A1995QJ81800007 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, GL HANSON, CL BALLARD, EB AF JOHNSON, GL HANSON, CL BALLARD, EB GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Stochastic climate simulation model evaluation SO NINTH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Applied Climatology/75th AMS Annual Meeting CY JAN 15-20, 1995 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc, World Meteorol Org C1 USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83712. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28P UT WOS:A1995BD28P00013 ER PT J AU POTTER, BE AF POTTER, BE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Atmospheric stability, moisture, and winds as indicators of wildfire risk SO NINTH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Applied Climatology/75th AMS Annual Meeting CY JAN 15-20, 1995 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc, World Meteorol Org C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 331 EP 334 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28P UT WOS:A1995BD28P00083 ER PT J AU MEISNER, BN AF MEISNER, BN GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Risk reduction in wildland fire management planning SO NINTH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Applied Climatology/75th AMS Annual Meeting CY JAN 15-20, 1995 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc, World Meteorol Org C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 335 EP 337 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28P UT WOS:A1995BD28P00084 ER PT B AU HEILMAN, WE AF HEILMAN, WE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Synoptic circulation and temperature patterns during severe wildland fires SO NINTH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Applied Climatology/75th AMS Annual Meeting CY JAN 15-20, 1995 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc, World Meteorol Org C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 346 EP 351 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28P UT WOS:A1995BD28P00089 ER PT J AU HOLDAWAY, MR AF HOLDAWAY, MR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Spatial analysis of climatic variability in the lake states since 1900 SO NINTH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Applied Climatology/75th AMS Annual Meeting CY JAN 15-20, 1995 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc, World Meteorol Org C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28P UT WOS:A1995BD28P00091 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, RA JAIRELL, RL BRANDLE, JR TAKLE, ES LITVINA, IV AF SCHMIDT, RA JAIRELL, RL BRANDLE, JR TAKLE, ES LITVINA, IV GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Windbreak shelter as a function of wind direction SO NINTH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY MAR 27-31, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LARAMIE,WY. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28L UT WOS:A1995BD28L00055 ER PT J AU PRUEGER, JH SAUER, TJ TAKLE, ES LITVINA, IV SCHMIDT, RA BRANDLE, JR HATFIELD, JL AF PRUEGER, JH SAUER, TJ TAKLE, ES LITVINA, IV SCHMIDT, RA BRANDLE, JR HATFIELD, JL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Windbreak shelter effects on surface energy balance components SO NINTH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY MAR 27-31, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1995 BP 478 EP 481 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD28L UT WOS:A1995BD28L00098 ER PT S AU Watson, A Kajala, L AF Watson, A Kajala, L BE Sippola, AL Alaraudanjoki, P Forbes, B Hallikainen, V TI Intergroup conflict in wilderness: Balancing opportunities for experience with preservation responsibility SO NORTHERN WILDERNESS AREAS: ECOLOGY, SUSTAINABILITY, VALUES SE UNIVERSITY OF LAPLAND ARCTIC CENTRE PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Northern Wilderness Areas CY DEC 07-09, 1994 CL UNIV LAPLAND, ARCTIC CTR, ROVANIEMI, FINLAND HO UNIV LAPLAND, ARCTIC CTR DE recreational conflict; hikers; stock users; wilderness management C1 US FOREST SERV,ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RES INST,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV LAPLAND PI ROVANIEMI PA ARCTIC CENTRE, INFORMATION SERVICE, PO BOX 122, 96101 ROVANIEMI, FINLAND SN 0788-3579 BN 951-634-456-9 J9 U LAP A C P PY 1995 VL 7 BP 251 EP 270 PG 20 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BE92D UT WOS:A1995BE92D00016 ER PT S AU FOLLETT, RF PORTER, LK HALVORSON, AD AF FOLLETT, RF PORTER, LK HALVORSON, AD GP INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY TI Nitrogen-15 labelled fertilizer dynamics in soil in a 4 year, no till cropping sequence SO NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN SOIL-PLANT STUDIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nuclear and Related Techniques in Soil-Plant Studies on Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Preservation CY OCT 17-21, 1994 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Atom Energy Agcy, UN FAO RP USDA ARS,301 S HOWES ST,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100895-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1995 BP 165 EP 174 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD62Q UT WOS:A1995BD62Q00010 ER PT S AU AYARS, JE MEAD, RM PALTINEANU, IC LIU, J AF AYARS, JE MEAD, RM PALTINEANU, IC LIU, J GP INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY TI Radioactive versus capacitance techniques for measuring soil water. SO NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN SOIL-PLANT STUDIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nuclear and Related Techniques in Soil-Plant Studies on Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Preservation CY OCT 17-21, 1994 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Atom Energy Agcy, UN FAO RP USDA ARS,WASTE MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100895-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1995 BP 419 EP 428 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD62Q UT WOS:A1995BD62Q00031 ER PT S AU PORTER, LK FOLLETT, RF HALVORSON, AD AF PORTER, LK FOLLETT, RF HALVORSON, AD GP INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY TI Plant N-15 uptake in a wheat-sorghum-fallow-wheat sequence under no till in the semi-arid great plains SO NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN SOIL-PLANT STUDIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nuclear and Related Techniques in Soil-Plant Studies on Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Preservation CY OCT 17-21, 1994 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Atom Energy Agcy, UN FAO RP USDA ARS,301 S HOWES ST,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100895-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1995 BP 689 EP 691 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD62Q UT WOS:A1995BD62Q00065 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RA AF ANDERSON, RA TI CHROMIUM AND PARENTERAL-NUTRITION SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION; DIABETES; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; STRESS; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; TPN ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SUPPLEMENTAL-CHROMIUM; DIETARY CHROMIUM; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; EXCRETION; INSULIN; DEFICIENCY; CHOLESTEROL; NEUROPATHY; METABOLISM AB Studies involving patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) led to conclusive documentation of the essential role of Cr in human nutrition. These patients developed severe diabetic symptoms including glucose intolerance, weight loss, impaired energy utilization, and nerve and brain disorders that were refractory to insulin. After addition of Cr to TPN fluids, diabetic symptoms were alleviated, and exogenous insulin was no longer required. Cr intake by healthy subjects consuming average Westernized diets is suboptimal; if these subjects experience severe physical trauma or other forms of stress, Cr status may be overtly compromised. Recommendations for daily Cr supplementation of 10-20 mu g for patients on short-term TPN (less than or equal to 1-3 mos) appear to be adequate. Stable patients on long-term TPN may receive ample Cr from that present in TPN fluids. Because of the variable nature of contaminating Cr, Cr intake and losses of TPN patients should be monitored. RP ANDERSON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MIN NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,RM 224,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 52 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU NUTRITION PI SYRACUSE PA PO BOX 920, SYRACUSE, NY 13210-0920 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 11 IS 1 SU S BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QP413 UT WOS:A1995QP41300002 PM 7749258 ER PT J AU MATHEW, B SANKARANARAYANAN, R NAIR, PP VARGHESE, C SOMANATHAN, T AMMA, BP AMMA, NS NAIR, MK AF MATHEW, B SANKARANARAYANAN, R NAIR, PP VARGHESE, C SOMANATHAN, T AMMA, BP AMMA, NS NAIR, MK TI EVALUATION OF CHEMOPREVENTION OF ORAL-CANCER WITH SPIRULINA-FUSIFORMIS SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-A; LEUKOPLAKIA; REGRESSION; ALGAE; CANTHAXANTHIN; EXTRACTS AB The blue-green microalgae Spirulina, used in daily diets of natives in Africa and America, have been found to be a rich natural source of proteins, carotenoids, and other micronutrients. Experimental studies in animal models have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of Spirulina algae on oral carcinogenesis. Studies among preschool children in India have demonstrated Spirulina fusiformis (SF) to be an effective source of dietary vitamin A. We evaluated the chemopreventive activity of SF (1 g/day for 12 mos) in reversing oral leukoplakia in pan tobacco chewers in Kerala, India. Complete regression of lesions was observed in 20 of 44 (45%) evaluable subjects supplemented with SF, as opposed to 3 of 43 (7%) in the placebo arm (p < 0.0001). When stratified by type of leukoplakia, the response was more pronounced in homogeneous lesions: complete regression was seen in 16 of 28 (57%) subjects with homogeneous leukoplakia, 2 of 8 with erythroplakia, 2 of 4 with verrucous leukoplakia, and 0 of 4 with ulcerated and nodular lesions. Within one year of discontinuing supplements, 9 of 20 (45%) complete responders with SF developed recurrent lesions. Supplementation with SF did not result in increased serum concentration of retinol or beta-carotene, nor was it associated with toxicity. This is the first human study evaluating the chemopreventive potential of SF. More studies in different settings and different populations are needed for further evaluation. C1 INT AGCY RES CANC,DESCRIPT EPIDEMIOL UNIT,F-69372 LYON 08,FRANCE. REG CANC CTR,TRIVANDRUM 695011,KERALA,INDIA. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ARMED FORCES MED COLL,DEPT PATHOL,POONA,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. NR 16 TC 64 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer-Int. J. PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RX953 UT WOS:A1995RX95300010 PM 8584455 ER PT J AU TANG, GW SHIAU, A RUSSELL, RM MOBARHAN, S AF TANG, GW SHIAU, A RUSSELL, RM MOBARHAN, S TI SERUM RETINOIC ACID LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH RESECTED BENIGN AND MALIGNANT COLONIC NEOPLASIAS ON BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; COLORECTAL-CANCER; VITAMIN-A; RECEPTORS; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; FAMILY; CELLS; CRABP; DIET AB To determine whether patients with colon cancer metabolize beta-carotene differently from benign colon polyp patients, a normal control group (n = 13) and groups of resected colon polyp patients (n = 29) or resected colon cancer patients (Dukes A and B1, n = 21) were supplemented with placebo or beta-carotene (30 mg/day) taken with their morning meals for three months. Serum samples at zero and three months of the study were anlayzed blindly for retinoic acid and beta-carotene. The results showed that beta-carotene levels in the serum of colon polyp and colon cancer groups were 8- to 12-fold higher than in the untreated central or the placebo-treated groups. The benign polyp subjects (n = 17) receiving beta-carotene showed a significant rise in serum trans-retinoic acid at three months compared with Time 0. The trans-retinoic acid values from the colon cancer group receiving beta-carotene (n = 11) or placebo (n = 10) were significantly lower than the values from the beta-carotene-supplemented colon polyp group. It appears that trans-retinoic acid levels in response to beta-carotene supplementation are different between treated cancer and benign patients because of different body demands for retinoic acid. C1 LOYOLA UNIV,MED CTR,MAYWOOD,IL 60153. RP TANG, GW (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-53799] NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer-Int. J. PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP 291 EP 298 PG 8 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA QW493 UT WOS:A1995QW49300006 PM 7603889 ER PT J AU ZHANG, JW MARSHALL, JD JAQUISH, BC AF ZHANG, JW MARSHALL, JD JAQUISH, BC TI GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION AND GAS-EXCHANGE IN PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII - A COMMON-GARDEN EXPERIMENT (VOL 93, PG 80, 1993) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Correction, Addition RP ZHANG, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR SEMIARID AGROFORESTRY,E CAMPUS UNL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 1995 VL 101 IS 1 BP 132 EP 132 DI 10.1007/BF00328910 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QE054 UT WOS:A1995QE05400018 PM 28306986 ER PT B AU ZAYAS, IY WALKER, DE AF ZAYAS, IY WALKER, DE BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI IMAGE ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION OF BROKEN AND SOUND SHELLED CORN BULK SAMPLES SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE DIGITAL IMAGING; MULTISPECTRAL; CLASSIFICATION; BROKEN AND SOUND CORN; BULK SAMPLES C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.198901 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00009 ER PT B AU PEARSON, T AF PEARSON, T BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI MACHINE VISION SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED DETECTION OF STAINED PISTACHIO NUTS SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE MACHINE VISION; REAL TIME PROCESSING; DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; SORTING; PISTACHIO NUTS; AFLATOXIN C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.198863 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00011 ER PT B AU PARK, B CHEN, YR HUFFMAN, RW AF PARK, B CHEN, YR HUFFMAN, RW BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI INTEGRATION OF VISIBLE NIR SPECTROSCOPY AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR POULTRY CARCASS INSPECTION SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE SPECTROPHOTOMETER; REFLECTANCE; CHICKEN; SEPTICEMIA; CADAVER; CLASSIFICATION; IMAGE PROCESSING C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.198871 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00019 ER PT B AU THIBODEAUX, DP EVANS, JP AF THIBODEAUX, DP EVANS, JP BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI USING IMAGE ANALYSIS TO DEVELOP REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR THE VIDEO TRASHMETER SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE VIDEO TRASHMETER; COTTON; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE TILES; DETECTION THRESHOLD; IMAGE RESOLUTION C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.198872 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00020 ER PT B AU KEAGY, PM PARVIN, B SCHATZKI, TF AF KEAGY, PM PARVIN, B SCHATZKI, TF BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI MACHINE RECOGNITION OF NAVEL ORANGE WORM DAMAGE IN X-RAY IMAGES OF PISTACHIO NUTS SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE PISTACHIO NUTS; DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS; AFLATOXIN; X-RAY RADIOGRAPH; MACHINE RECOGNITION C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 192 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.198874 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00022 ER PT B AU TAYLOR, RA AF TAYLOR, RA BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI MEASURING LEAF MATERIAL IN GINNED COTTON FROM SURFACE IMAGES SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE COTTON GRADE; TRASH AREA; VIDEO CONTRAST; THRESHOLD C1 USDA ARS,COTTON QUALITY RES STN,CLEMSON,SC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1117/12.198876 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00024 ER PT B AU SCHATZKI, TF YOUNG, R HAFF, RP EYE, J WRIGHT, G AF SCHATZKI, TF YOUNG, R HAFF, RP EYE, J WRIGHT, G BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI VISUAL DETECTION OF PARTICULATES IN PROCESSED MEAT PRODUCTS BY X-RAY SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE X-RAY; MEAT; PROCESSED PRODUCTS; FEASIBILITY OF MANUAL INSPECTION; FREQUENCY AND TYPE OF CONTAMINANT; RECOGNITION RATES C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.198888 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00037 ER PT B AU UPCHURCH, BL THROOP, JA ANESHANSLEY, DJ AF UPCHURCH, BL THROOP, JA ANESHANSLEY, DJ BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI DETECTION OF INTERNAL BROWNING IN APPLES BY LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE INTERNAL QUALITY; APPLES; BROWNING; LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE; NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION C1 USDA ARS,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1117/12.198891 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00040 ER PT B AU MASSIE, DR DELWICHE, SR AF MASSIE, DR DELWICHE, SR BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI A HIGH PERFORMANCE SPECTROPHOTOMETER SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE SPECTROPHOTOMETER; UV; VISIBLE; NIR; TRANSMISSION; REFLECTANCE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1117/12.198892 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00041 ER PT B AU SONG, HP DELWICHE, SR LINE, MJ AF SONG, HP DELWICHE, SR LINE, MJ BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION IN INDIVIDUAL WHEAT KERNELS BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE WHEAT; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MOISTURE; SINGLE KERNEL C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1678-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1995 VL 2345 BP 414 EP 422 DI 10.1117/12.198862 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BC28R UT WOS:A1995BC28R00045 ER PT B AU MEYDANI, M AF MEYDANI, M BE Cutler, RG Packer, L Bertram, J Mori, A TI Dietary vitamin E in oxidative stress and aging SO OXIDATIVE STRESS AND AGING SE MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY UPDATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Oxidative Stress and Aging CY 1994 CL HI SP Soc Free Radical Res Asia, Oxygen Soc RP TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 3-7643-5039-3 J9 MCBU PY 1995 BP 343 EP 354 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BD46L UT WOS:A1995BD46L00032 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR LEWIS, TM AF HORTON, DR LEWIS, TM TI TETHERED FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) - COMPARISON OF PRE-REPRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE INSECTS SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TETHERED FLIGHT; PEAR PSYLLA; BODY SIZE AB In tethered flight experiments, female winterform pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster) exhibited longer mean flight durations and a higher frequency of long duration flights (> 15 min) than did males. Pre-reproductive psylla (collected from the field in mid-winter) exhibited longer duration flights than did psylla collected from the same orchard after egg-laying had commenced. Flight durations decreased with consecutive Flights. Although tibia length and wing size were larger for females than males, there was no evidence within sexes or collection dates that body size and flight duration were correlated. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 71 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QR023 UT WOS:A1995QR02300005 ER PT J AU TABACHNICK, WJ BLACK, WC AF TABACHNICK, WJ BLACK, WC TI MAKING A CASE FOR MOLECULAR POPULATION GENETIC-STUDIES OF ARTHROPOD VECTORS SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; DNA VARIATION; DIPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL; MOSQUITO; MAP; DIFFERENTIATION; COMPLEX; NORTH AB Population genetic studies of arthropod disease vectors provide opportunities for understanding their role in arthropod-borne diseases and for developing more effective control strategies. Waiter Tabachnick and William Black here discuss issues of importance to arthropod-borne disease vectors which require population genetics approaches, and the use of molecular biology approaches to address these issues. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP TABACHNICK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD JAN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80105-7 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA QC758 UT WOS:A1995QC75800012 ER PT J AU Backiel, A AF Backiel, A BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Future challenges SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A78 EP A79 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00013 ER PT J AU Backiel, A AF Backiel, A BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Components of successful ecosystem management SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A1 EP A1 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00001 ER PT J AU Baker, MB BenavidesSolorio, JD TalaveraZuniga, E AF Baker, MB BenavidesSolorio, JD TalaveraZuniga, E BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Relationship between precipitation and streamflow on El Carrizal watershed, Tapalpa, Jalisco SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A115 EP A120 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00015 ER PT J AU Baker, MB Huerta, YC Medina, AL Dudley, S AF Baker, MB Huerta, YC Medina, AL Dudley, S BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Applications of geographic information systems in assessments of El Carrizal watershed SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A105 EP A114 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00014 ER PT J AU Burns, RG Huendo, LM Neary, DG AF Burns, RG Huendo, LM Neary, DG BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Low cost methods to control sedimentation from roads SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,NATL FORESTS N CAROLINA,ASHEVILLE,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A121 EP A127 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00016 ER PT J AU Cartwright, C AF Cartwright, C BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Partnerships for sustainable forest ecosystem management SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A3 EP A4 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00003 ER PT J AU Cawrse, DC AF Cawrse, DC BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI An overview of the Chattooga Ecosystem Management Demonstration Project SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 CLEMSON UNIV,FOREST SERV,USDA,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A48 EP A51 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00008 ER PT J AU Garcia, MT Vega, RM Betters, DR Bravo, CA Gutierrez, LI Pereda, LAD AF Garcia, MT Vega, RM Betters, DR Bravo, CA Gutierrez, LI Pereda, LAD BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Ecosystem management for northern Mexico: Landowner perspectives at El Largo-Madera SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,CARSON NATL FOREST,REG 3,TAOS,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A197 EP A201 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00028 ER PT J AU Gillespie, AJR AF Gillespie, AJR BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Methods for monitoring sustainability SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A24 EP A32 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00006 ER PT J AU GonzalezCaban, A Fenn, ME Scatena, FN AF GonzalezCaban, A Fenn, ME Scatena, FN BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Concepts, criteria, and indicators for monitoring sustainability SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A13 EP A23 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00005 ER PT J AU Guldin, JM Baker, JB Curran, JM Pell, W AF Guldin, JM Baker, JB Curran, JM Pell, W BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI The ouachita mountains ecosystem management project: A case study of the linkage between research and management SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,SO FOREST EXPT STN,HOT SPRINGS,AR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A147 EP A149 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00020 ER PT J AU Holder, B Andersen, J AF Holder, B Andersen, J BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Management applications for sustainable ecosystems: A case study in the Klamath National Forest SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,KLAMATH NATL FOREST,YREKA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A35 EP A45 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00007 ER PT J AU Neary, DG Michael, JL AF Neary, DG Michael, JL BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI The role of herbicides in protecting long-term sustainability and water quality in forest ecosystems SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A162 EP A164 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00022 ER PT J AU Parks, CA Bull, EL Filip, GM AF Parks, CA Bull, EL Filip, GM BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Creating wildlife trees in managed forests using decay fungi SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A175 EP A177 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00024 ER PT J AU Rael, DL Lujan, MT Martinez, PA Coleman, BT AF Rael, DL Lujan, MT Martinez, PA Coleman, BT BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Ecosystem management applied to a pinon-juniper/sagebrush vegetative area in northern New Mexico SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,CARSON NATL FOREST,TRES PIEDRAS,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A57 EP A65 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00010 ER PT J AU Salas, D Meyer, T AF Salas, D Meyer, T BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI How wildlife concerns were addressed within the Sacramento River Ecosystem Management Area SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,LINCOLN NATL FOREST,CLOUDCROFT,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A178 EP A182 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00025 ER PT J AU Sesco, JA AF Sesco, JA BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Closing thoughts SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A77 EP A77 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00012 ER PT J AU Sesco, JA AF Sesco, JA BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Working together SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A2 EP A2 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00002 ER PT J AU VanSickle, CC AF VanSickle, CC BE AguirreBravo, C Eskew, L VillaSalas, AB GonzalezVicente, CE TI Research to support ecosystem management in the Chattooga River Demonstration Project SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: FIFTH MEXICO/U.S. BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mexico/US Biennial Symposium on Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SP Secretaria Agr & Recursos Hidraulicos, Subsecretaria Forestal & Fauna Silvestre, Inst Nacl Investigaciones Forestales & Agropecuarias, USDA, Forest Serv C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1995 VL 266 BP A52 EP A56 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BE92M UT WOS:A1995BE92M00009 ER PT J AU FIOROTTO, ML DEBRUIN, NC BRANS, YW DEGENHART, HJ VISSER, HKA AF FIOROTTO, ML DEBRUIN, NC BRANS, YW DEGENHART, HJ VISSER, HKA TI TOTAL-BODY ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS - AN EVALUATION OF CURRENT INSTRUMENTATION FOR INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FAT-FREE MASS; WATER AB Quantitation of the body's fat and lean masses is an important component of nutritional assessment. Such measurements, however, are difficult to conduct routinely in infants due to the numerous limitations of traditional methods. The application of total body electrical conductivity measurements for quantitating fat-free mass (FFM) overcomes many of these limitations. The instruments required to perform these measurements in pediatric patients (HP-2) have recently become commercially available, but their measurement performance has not been evaluated. In these studies, we compared the precision, day-to-day variability, and magnetic field profile of three HP-2 instruments. We also derived a new calibration equation that relates the FFM to the total body electrical conductivity measurement in piglets, and compared it with an equation (provided currently by the manufacturer) derived on a prototype instrument. The performance of the instruments was generally similar, although a significant difference in the magnetic field of one instrument was identified. The coefficient of variation of inanimate phantom measurements varied from +/-0.2 to +/-0.5%, and the day-to-day variability was generally similar. Such measurement error is significant (+/-0.035 to +/-0.078 kg FFM) for small subjects. The new calibration equation was similar to the original equation; therefore, all the data were pooled to generate a new equation that is linear at least to 10 kg. Thus, the HP-2 total body electrical conductivity instruments, which can be safely and easily used to measure FFM and fat in infants through 1 y of age, proved to be reliable and precise, and results obtained from different instruments can be confidently compared. C1 SOPHIA CHILDRENS UNIV HOSP,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM,DEPT PEDIAT,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DETROIT,MI 48201. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. RP FIOROTTO, ML (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU PHS HHS [MCJ-260596] NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 37 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1203/00006450-199501000-00018 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PY492 UT WOS:A1995PY49200016 PM 7700740 ER PT J AU HERRICK, JE AF HERRICK, JE TI SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF MASS-LOSS RATES FOR SOIL-CONTAMINATED SAMPLES IN DECOMPOSITION STUDIES SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE DECOMPOSITION; METHODS; LITTERBAGS; SOIL; MOISTURE RETENTION; ROOTS AB Soil contamination frequently causes large errors in estimates of decomposition rates. Existing methods for correcting for this error are costly and/or time-consuming. A new method is presented for determining the composition by weight of two constituents of a mixture from the oven-dry weight of the mixture (W(m)) and the gravimetric moisture contents of the mixture (g(m)) and pure subsamples of the two constituents (g1 and g2), based on the following equation: W1 = W(m)*(g(m) - g2)/(g1 - g2), where W1 is the oven-dry weight of component 1. The method was validated using pre-weighed mixtures of cattle dung and soil. There was a highly significant relationship between the moisture content of the air-dry mixture and the proportion of dung by weight (p < 0.001; r2 = 0.999; n = 16). The moisture equilibration method for determination of weight loss rates for soil-contaminated samples offers the following advantages when compared with other methods (1) the only equipment needed is a balance and an oven; (2) very large samples can be utilized, minimizing or eliminating subsampling errors for the mixed samples; (3) no grinding is necessary. The method can also be applied to other types of samples, such as soil-contaminated roots. RP HERRICK, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,NMSU BOX 30003,DEPT 3JER,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG JENA PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PD JAN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA QE465 UT WOS:A1995QE46500008 ER PT J AU ABERNATHY, RL NACHMAN, RJ TEAL, PEA YAMASHITA, O TUMLINSON, JH AF ABERNATHY, RL NACHMAN, RJ TEAL, PEA YAMASHITA, O TUMLINSON, JH TI PHEROMONOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING PYROKININ INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES (FXPRLAMIDE) IN HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE; PBAN; PYROKININ; HELICOVERPA ZEA; MYOTROPIN; DIAPAUSE HORMONE ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; NEURAL REGULATION; HELIOTHIS MOTHS; SILKWORM; PBAN; HORMONE; CONFORMATION; PEPTIDE AB Insect neuropeptides, having the common C-terminal sequence FXPRLamide (X = V, T, S, or G), were rested for pheromonotropic activity in the moth, Helicoverpa tea. Dose-response studies indicated that locustamyotropin-II or locustapyrokinin-II induced production of more pheromone than was stimulated by the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide of this moth. Other peptides showed various degrees of pheromonotropic activity. The data indicated that substitution of the variable amino acid in the C-terminal pentapeptide sequence resulted in significant differences in pheromonotropic activity. However, the overall structure of the peptide was also found to be of importance. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NAGOYA UNIV,SCH AGR,CHIKUSA KU,NAGOYA,AICHI 46401,JAPAN. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(94)00167-7 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QM363 UT WOS:A1995QM36300007 PM 7784251 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ COAST, GM HOLMAN, GM BEIER, RC AF NACHMAN, RJ COAST, GM HOLMAN, GM BEIER, RC TI DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF C-TERMINAL GROUP ANALOGS OF THE INSECT KININS IN ACHETA-DOMESTICUS SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE CRICKET; COCKROACH; HINDGUT; MYOTROPIC; PEPTIDOMIMETIC; ESTER ID ISOLATED MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; LEUCOKININ-I; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; HOUSE CRICKET; FAMILY; NEUROPEPTIDES; NEURONS AB A series of insect kinin analogues, AFFPWG-X, modified at the C-terminal group, were evaluated in a cricket Malpighian tubule secretion bioassay. The results were compared with activity profiles observed in a cockroach hindgut myotropic bioassay for these analogues. Although the replacement of the C-terminal amide group with a negatively charged acid leads to a precipitous drop in diuretic activity, it can be partially restored with the introduction of ester groups such as methyl or benzyl. The presence of branched chain character in the C-terminal group or a C-terminal alpha-carbon-amide distance spanning five methylene group spacers is incompatible with the receptor interaction required for biological activity. Significant diuretic activity is retained with four or fewer methylene groups in this region. C-terminal group analogues containing -SCH3,-NHCH2CH2OCH3, or -OCH2(C6H5) Offered the greatest retention of diuretic activity while providing increased hydrophobicity and/or steric bulk. The data are of potential value in the development of mimetic analogues of this insect neuropeptide family. Mimetic analogues are potentially valuable tools to insect neuroendocrinologists studying diuresis and/or engaged in the development of future pest management strategies. C1 UNIV LONDON BIRKBECK COLL,DEPT BIOL,LONDON WC1E 7HX,ENGLAND. RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PY 1995 VL 16 IS 5 BP 809 EP 813 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(95)00047-N PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RK767 UT WOS:A1995RK76700005 PM 7479319 ER PT J AU SHIMABUKURO, RH HOFFER, BL AF SHIMABUKURO, RH HOFFER, BL TI ENANTIOMERS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND THEIR ROLE IN HERBICIDE MECHANISM OF ACTION SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; WILD OAT; MEMBRANE-POTENTIALS; CROSS-RESISTANCE; ACETYL-COENZYME; HALOXYFOP; ACID; GROWTH; CARBOXYLASE; INHIBITION AB The effects of the enantiomers R(+) and S(-)diclofop and cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis, on root growth, absorption of [C-14]acetate, its incorporation into cellular lipids, and changes to lipid components in susceptible oat roots indicate that the in vivo inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and lipid biosynthesis may not be the primary mechanism of action of diclofopmethyl. Tissue responses to diclofop were not due to selective uptake of enantiomers, molecular inversion, or metabolism and detoxification of the herbicide. Both enantiomers depolarized membrane potential of oat cells, resulting in reduced uptake of [C-14]acetate but its in vivo incorporation into cellular lipids was unaffected. Cerulenin was most effective in inhibiting lipid biosynthesis in vivo. However, oat root growth was inhibited significantly by R(+)diclofop but only slightly by cerulenin and S(-)diclofop. Both enantiomers and cerulenin caused lipid profile changes with decreased levels of phospholipids in oat root tips relative to control within 3 hr. Cerulenin may cause a decrease in phospholipid biosynthesis by limiting the levels of free fatty acids as substrates, but this does not appear to be the mechanism for R(+) and S(-)diclofop. The role of oxidative membrane catabolism by free radical lipid peroxidation and its coupling to the effect of diclofop on the transmembrane proton gradient are discussed as the most likely mechanism of action of diclofopmethyl. The proposed mechanism explains the reversal of phytotoxicity by auxinic herbicides, lipoxygenase inhibitors, and free radical scavengers. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP SHIMABUKURO, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 1 BP 68 EP 82 DI 10.1006/pest.1995.1008 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA QB207 UT WOS:A1995QB20700008 ER PT B AU Huber, SC McMichael, RW Bachmann, M Huber, JL Toroser, D AF Huber, SC McMichael, RW Bachmann, M Huber, JL Toroser, D BE Mathis, P TI Regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase and other cytosolic enzymes by reversible protein phosphorylation - Identification of phosphorylation sites and regulation of kinase activity SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS: FROM LIGHT TO BIOSPHERE, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Xth International Photosynthesis Congress CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP ADEME, Commissariat Energie Atom, CNRS, Commiss European Communities, DG XII, Conseil Gen Herault, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, European Sci Fdn, IFREMER, Inst Natl Rech Agronom, MESR, Programme ACCESS, Montpellier Dist, UNESCO, Univ Montpellier II, European Soc Photobiol, Int Union Bioch & Molec Biol, Soc Francaise Biophys, Soc Francais Photobiol, Soc Francaise Physiol Vegetale, Bambouseraie Prafrance, Beckman Instruments France, Boehringer Mannheim, Bruker Spectrospin, Continuum, Du Pont Nemours, EDF, Goemar, Henkel Corp, Hoffmann La Roche, Labs Yves Rocher, Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy, Pharmacia Biotech, Rhone Poulenc Agrochim C1 ARS,USDA,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3861-8 PY 1995 BP 3 EP 10 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Spectroscopy GA BE93T UT WOS:A1995BE93T00001 ER PT B AU Portis, AR Esau, B Larson, EM Zhu, GH Chastain, CJ OBrien, CM Spreitzer, RJ AF Portis, AR Esau, B Larson, EM Zhu, GH Chastain, CJ OBrien, CM Spreitzer, RJ BE Mathis, P TI Characteristics of the interaction between Rubisco and Rubisco activase. SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS: FROM LIGHT TO BIOSPHERE, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Xth International Photosynthesis Congress CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP ADEME, Commissariat Energie Atom, CNRS, Commiss European Communities, DG XII, Conseil Gen Herault, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, European Sci Fdn, IFREMER, Inst Natl Rech Agronom, MESR, Programme ACCESS, Montpellier Dist, UNESCO, Univ Montpellier II, European Soc Photobiol, Int Union Bioch & Molec Biol, Soc Francaise Biophys, Soc Francais Photobiol, Soc Francaise Physiol Vegetale, Bambouseraie Prafrance, Beckman Instruments France, Boehringer Mannheim, Bruker Spectrospin, Continuum, Du Pont Nemours, EDF, Goemar, Henkel Corp, Hoffmann La Roche, Labs Yves Rocher, Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy, Pharmacia Biotech, Rhone Poulenc Agrochim C1 ARS,USDA,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3861-8 PY 1995 BP 41 EP 46 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Spectroscopy GA BE93T UT WOS:A1995BE93T00007 ER PT B AU Booij, IS Swegle, M Dube, S Edelman, M Mattoo, AK AF Booij, IS Swegle, M Dube, S Edelman, M Mattoo, AK BE Mathis, P TI Photodegradation of D1-D2 PSII reaction center heterodimer SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS: FROM LIGHT TO BIOSPHERE, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Xth International Photosynthesis Congress CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP ADEME, Commissariat Energie Atom, CNRS, Commiss European Communities, DG XII, Conseil Gen Herault, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, European Sci Fdn, IFREMER, Inst Natl Rech Agronom, MESR, Programme ACCESS, Montpellier Dist, UNESCO, Univ Montpellier II, European Soc Photobiol, Int Union Bioch & Molec Biol, Soc Francaise Biophys, Soc Francais Photobiol, Soc Francaise Physiol Vegetale, Bambouseraie Prafrance, Beckman Instruments France, Boehringer Mannheim, Bruker Spectrospin, Continuum, Du Pont Nemours, EDF, Goemar, Henkel Corp, Hoffmann La Roche, Labs Yves Rocher, Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy, Pharmacia Biotech, Rhone Poulenc Agrochim C1 ARS,USDA,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3857-X PY 1995 BP 487 EP 490 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Spectroscopy GA BE85J UT WOS:A1995BE85J00114 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM BEGONIA, GB HESKETH, JD AF CHEN, XM BEGONIA, GB HESKETH, JD TI SOYBEAN STOMATAL ACCLIMATION TO LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO CO2-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX (L); NET PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE; OPEN TOP CHAMBER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPIRATION RATE ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC INHIBITION; CO2 ENRICHMENT AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) cv. Jack] grown in open top chambers under controlled laboratory and field conditions was used to study the acclimation of leaf gas exchange processes to CO2 enrichment. Air inside the open top chambers was maintained at either 700-800 or 350-400 mu mol(CO2) mol(-1)(air). Leaf gas exchange rates were measured for some plants switched between treatments. When measured in the CO2-enriched atmosphere, stomatal conductances (g(s)) were higher in leaves grown in CO2-enriched atmospheres than in those grown under ambient conditions, and the lower g(s) values for plants in the CO2-enriched atmospheres were limiting to leaf net photosynthetic CO2 exchange rates (P-N). P-N of enriched leaves was higher than those of the ambient controls when measured at elevated CO2 levels in both controlled environment and field studies, while it was depressed in enriched leaves when measured under ambient CO2 conditions, and this drop in P-N did not recover until 6-15 d after plants were placed back in ambient conditions. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. JACKSON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,JACKSON,MS 39217. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QU987 UT WOS:A1995QU98700006 ER PT J AU CLARK, TA ZEYEN, RJ CARVER, TLW SMITH, AG BUSHNELL, WR AF CLARK, TA ZEYEN, RJ CARVER, TLW SMITH, AG BUSHNELL, WR TI EPIDERMAL-CELL CYTOPLASMIC EVENTS AND RESPONSE GENE TRANSCRIPT ACCUMULATION DURING ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS ATTACK IN ISOGENIC BARLEY LINES DIFFERING AT THE ML-O LOCUS SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; PATHOGEN-INDUCED GENE; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; CALLOSE FORMATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; CDNA CLONING; INSOLUBLE SILICON; PAPILLA FORMATION; SP TRITICI AB Patterns in the accumulation of six host response gene transcripts were determined al various time intervals, 0-48 h after inoculation of leaves with Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei in two near-isogenic barley lines, RISO 5678 R (RISO-R) (resistant) and RISO 5678 S (RISO-S) (susceptible), differing at the ml-o locus for resistance. At each time interval, leaf tissue was fixed and stained for light microscopy of fungal development and host epidermal cell response to E. graminis. Resistance in the recessive ml-o line was expressed by failure of fungal germlings to penetrate host epidermal cells fully and produce haustoria and was correlated with deposition of papillae at sites of attack. Transcripts of the six host response genes usually accumulated in a biphasic pattern, as determined by quantitative radioanalysis of northern blots. The initial peak of activity was observed at 4-6 h (the:time of cytoplasmic aggregation and papilla deposition beneath tips of the primary germ tubes). The second peak was observed at 12-15 h (the time of cytoplasmic aggregation and papilla deposition beneath the tips of the appressoria). The time and magnitude of peaks of cytoplasmic aggregation and papilla deposition was the same in RISO-R and RISO-S as were patterns of response gene transcript accumulation. There were no pattern differences in transcript accumulation that could be directly attributed to differences at the Ml-o locus. The results indicate that the response genes were activated and transcribed as a general defence response to attempted penetration by the fungus because they occur in both isolines. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. SAMUEL ROBERTS NOBLE FDN INC,ARDMORE,OK 73402. AFRC,INST GRASSLAND & ENVIRONM RES,ABERYSTWYTH SY23 3EB,DYFED,WALES. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1006/pmpp.1995.1001 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QQ482 UT WOS:A1995QQ48200001 ER PT J AU CIUFFETTI, LM KIM, SD KNOCHE, HW DUNKLE, LD AF CIUFFETTI, LM KIM, SD KNOCHE, HW DUNKLE, LD TI MAIZE DNA ALKYLATION AND GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS INDUCED BY THE HOST-SELECTIVE TOXIN PRODUCED BY COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; HC-TOXIN; GRAMICIDIN; INHIBITION; PEPTIDE; RACE-1 AB The cyclic tetrapeptide, HC-toxin, a host-selective tor;in and Virulence factor produced by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum, alkylated a number of bionucleophiles, including guanosine, guanosine-5'-monophosphate, poly d(GC) and DNA from maize genotypes that are susceptible or resistant to the pathogen. The toxin selectively altered in vivo protein synthesis in susceptible genotypes. Treatment of root tips of the susceptible genotype with HC-toxin enhanced or induced the synthesis of some proteins and suppressed the synthesis of others, but incorporation of H-3-leucine into protein was not affected. A biologically inactive form of the toxin, produced by hydrolysis of the epoxide group that is essential for activity, had no effect on the pattern of protein synthesis or on H-3-leucine incorporation. The toxin had no effect on synthesis of specific proteins or on the incorporation of H-3-leucine in the near-isogenic resistant line. The results suggest that the toxic effects of HC-toxin are mediated through a modification of DNA and regulation of gene expression. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. SEO KYUNG UNIV,DEPT BIOL ENGN,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOCHEM,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 46 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1006/pmpp.1995.1005 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QQ482 UT WOS:A1995QQ48200005 ER PT B AU Cutler, HG AF Cutler, HG BE Gustine, DL Flores, HE TI Biochemical diversity and diverse phytochemicals SO PHYTOCHEMICALS AND HEALTH SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Penn State Symposium on Phytochemicals and Health CY MAY 18-20, 1995 CL STATE COLL, PA SP Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn State Univ, Biotechnol Inst, Penn State Univ, Grad Sch, Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol, USDA, NRI Competit Grants Program, DuPont Agr Prod, Northup King Co RP Cutler, HG (reprint author), ARS,USDA,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-32-1 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 15 BP 31 EP 47 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Plant Sciences; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BJ27K UT WOS:A1995BJ27K00003 ER PT B AU Gustine, DL AF Gustine, DL BE Gustine, DL Flores, HE TI Enhancement of plant disease resistance through expression of foreign phytoalexins SO PHYTOCHEMICALS AND HEALTH SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Penn State Symposium on Phytochemicals and Health CY MAY 18-20, 1995 CL STATE COLL, PA SP Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn State Univ, Biotechnol Inst, Penn State Univ, Grad Sch, Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol, USDA, NRI Competit Grants Program, DuPont Agr Prod, Northup King Co RP Gustine, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-32-1 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 15 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Plant Sciences; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BJ27K UT WOS:A1995BJ27K00005 ER PT B AU Panter, KE James, LF AF Panter, KE James, LF BE Gustine, DL Flores, HE TI Alkaloid toxicants and teratogens of plant origin SO PHYTOCHEMICALS AND HEALTH SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Penn State Symposium on Phytochemicals and Health CY MAY 18-20, 1995 CL STATE COLL, PA SP Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn State Univ, Biotechnol Inst, Penn State Univ, Grad Sch, Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol, USDA, NRI Competit Grants Program, DuPont Agr Prod, Northup King Co RP Panter, KE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-32-1 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 15 BP 145 EP 154 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Plant Sciences; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BJ27K UT WOS:A1995BJ27K00014 ER PT B AU Desjardins, AE Hohn, TM McCormick, SP Proctor, RH AF Desjardins, AE Hohn, TM McCormick, SP Proctor, RH BE Gustine, DL Flores, HE TI Biochemistry and regulation of trichothecene toxin biosynthesis in Fusarium SO PHYTOCHEMICALS AND HEALTH SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Penn State Symposium on Phytochemicals and Health CY MAY 18-20, 1995 CL STATE COLL, PA SP Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn State Univ, Biotechnol Inst, Penn State Univ, Grad Sch, Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol, USDA, NRI Competit Grants Program, DuPont Agr Prod, Northup King Co RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES & BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-32-1 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 15 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Plant Sciences; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BJ27K UT WOS:A1995BJ27K00020 ER PT B AU Nagahashi, G Douds, DD Abney, GD AF Nagahashi, G Douds, DD Abney, GD BE Gustine, DL Flores, HE TI Separation and partial identification of secreted, cell wall-associated, and cytoplasmic-associated phenolic compounds of cultured carrot roots SO PHYTOCHEMICALS AND HEALTH SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Penn State Symposium on Phytochemicals and Health CY MAY 18-20, 1995 CL STATE COLL, PA SP Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn State Univ, Biotechnol Inst, Penn State Univ, Grad Sch, Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol, USDA, NRI Competit Grants Program, DuPont Agr Prod, Northup King Co RP Nagahashi, G (reprint author), ARS,USDA,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-32-1 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1995 VL 15 BP 268 EP 270 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Plant Sciences; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BJ27K UT WOS:A1995BJ27K00027 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Aung, LH Akohoue, S Fouse, D AF Banuelos, GS Aung, LH Akohoue, S Fouse, D TI Effects of sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCB) on dry matter and sugar distribution in the organs of Brassica juncea L Czern SO PHYTON-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE DCB; selenium; soluble sugar ID WILD MUSTARD; LADEN SOILS; SELENIUM; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS AB The effect of the gametocide of 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCB) on dry matter (DM) and soluble sugar distribution in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern) growth was examined under field conditions. Applications of 12 mM DCB were sprayed 30 and 37 days after emergence, respectively, on the young Indian mustard plants. At harvest, forty five days later, DCB increased significantly the DM of young leaves, while the other plant organs (old leaves, upper and lower stem, and roots) were not significantly affected. The total amount of ethanol-soluble sugars evaluated (sucrose, glucose and fructose) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in all tested organs of the DCB-treated plants, especially in the young stem (P < 0.001) on a dry matter basis. Overall, sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations were, respectively, lower in all tested plant organs of DCB-treated plants, except in young leaves. Each tested sugar was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in young leaves from DCB treated plants. C1 USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FUNDACION ROMULO RAGGIO PI VICENTE LOPEZ (BA) PA GASPAR CAMPOS 861, 1638 VICENTE LOPEZ (BA), ARGENTINA SN 0031-9457 J9 PHYTON-INT J EXP BOT JI Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot. PY 1995 VL 57 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TU890 UT WOS:A1995TU89000008 ER PT J AU UENG, PP CUNFER, BM ALANO, AS YOUMANS, JD CHEN, WD AF UENG, PP CUNFER, BM ALANO, AS YOUMANS, JD CHEN, WD TI CORRELATION BETWEEN MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN IDENTIFYING THE WHEAT AND BARLEY BIOTYPES OF STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENE IDENTITY; LEPTOSPHAERIA NODORUM; PHAEOSPHAERIA NODORUM; SEPTORIA NODORUM ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES; GENETIC DISTANCE; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; PASSAGE; LEAVES AB Thirty-five isolates of Stagonospora nodorum from barley, wheat, and other hosts were identified as either the barley or wheat biotypes based on cultural characters and host specificity. Identification of the biotypes based on these phenotypic criteria was compared with genetic identification by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Twenty-six probes randomly isolated from genomic DNA of a barley biotype isolate were used in the hybridization to differentiate the barley and wheat biotypes. Eighteen and 17 of the 26 probes detected no variation among 14 isolates of the barley biotype and 13 isolates of the wheat biotype, respectively, and unambiguously differentiated the two biotypes. Genetic distance, an estimate of accumulated number of allele substitutions per locus, is 2.286 between the barley and wheat biotypes. The genetic similarity was very high (>0.82) within each of the two biotypes and was very low (0.12) between the two biotypes. Clustering of the isolates based on individual hybridizing DNA bands correlated with biotype identification based on biological characters. The wheat and barley biotypes were then compared with isolates of Stagonospora avenae f. sp. triticea and an isolate of Stagonospora arenaria by hybridizing with 31 anonymous DNA probes (11 from a wheat biotype, 12 from a barley biotype, and eight from S. a. triticea). Two isolates of S. nodorum of unknown biotype, SN91-X and SN038NY-89, used in a previous study, were considered to be the wheat biotype based on DNA banding patterns. Based on allele frequencies of the 31 RFLP loci, the estimated genetic distance between the barley biotype and the wheat biotype of S. nodorum was as great as between any of the two biotypes and S. a. triticea. Likewise, analysis based on discrete hybridizing bands showed that the barley biotype had a closer relationship with S, a. triticea than with the wheat biotype. Two probes from the barley biotype were specific for the barley biotype and did not detect any DNA bands in the wheat biotype. These barley biotype-specific probes may be used as natural markers for identification of the barley biotype. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP UENG, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BARC-W,BLDG 006,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-44 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QC894 UT WOS:A1995QC89400004 ER PT J AU BROWNE, GT MIRCETICH, SM CUMMINS, JN AF BROWNE, GT MIRCETICH, SM CUMMINS, JN TI RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF 18 SELECTIONS OF MELUS SPP TO 3 SPECIES OF PHYTOPHTHORA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ROOTSTOCKS ID CROWN ROT; APPLE; TREES; ROOT; PATHOGENICITY; CACTORUM; CHERRY AB Eighteen selections from 13 species and hybrids of Malus (M. baccata, M, brevipes, M, coronaria, M. domestica, M. fusca, M. halliana, M. ioensis, M. X magdeburgensis, M. mandshurica, M. X platycarpa, M. prunifolia, M. sargentii, and Malus sp.) were evaluated in a greenhouse for resistance to root and crown rots caused by Phytophthora cactorum,, P. cambivora, and P. cryptogea. Seven- to nine-week-old seedlings were transplanted into noninfested soil or soil artificially infested with P. cactorum, P. cryptogea, or P. cambivora. The soil was flooded once every 2 wk for 48 h, and plants were evaluated for severity of disease 3 mo after transplanting. Seedlings of domestic apple (M. domestica, (used as a standard for comparison in this study) were among the most susceptible of the Malus spp, to crown and root rot caused by P. cactorum, P. cryptogea, and P. cambivora. The relative resistance of other selections of Malus spp. varied according to species of Phytophthora and whether crown or root rot variables were used to assess resistance. Among 10 selections of Malus spp. that were evaluated along with two selections of M. domestica for resistance to P. cactorum, P, cryptogea, and P. cambivora, six selections were relatively resistant compared to M. domestica to root and crown rot caused by P. cactorum, but only M. halliana, M. X magdeburgensis, and M. sargentii were relatively resistant to root and crown rot caused by all three fungi. Species of Malus can vary greatly in resistance to species of Phytophthora, and, among Malus spp., assessments of relative resistance to P. cactorum are not necessarily extendible to other Phytophthora spp. C1 NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP BROWNE, GT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-72 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QC894 UT WOS:A1995QC89400008 ER PT J AU DOOSTDAR, H SHAPIRO, JP NIEDZ, R BURKE, MD MCCOLLUM, TG MCDONALD, RE MAYER, RT AF DOOSTDAR, H SHAPIRO, JP NIEDZ, R BURKE, MD MCCOLLUM, TG MCDONALD, RE MAYER, RT TI A CYTOCHROME-P450 MEDIATED NARINGENIN 3'-HYDROXYLASE FROM SWEET ORANGE CELL-CULTURES SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS; ERIODICTYOL; FLAVONOID; HYDROXYLASE; MICROSOMES; TISSUE CULTURE ID CITRUS-AURANTIUM; FLAVONOIDS; NEOHESPERIDIN; ENZYMES; SEEDLINGS; FRUITS AB A microsomal flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) catalyzing the metabolism of naringenin to eriodictyol in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. 'Hamlin' cell suspension cultures was shown to be a cytochrome P450 enzyme. This reaction required O-2 and NADPH and was inhibited by CO, with partial reversal of CO-inhibition by light at 450 nm. Cytochrome P450 content ranged from 10-20 pmol (mg microsomal protein)(-1). The F3'H reaction was shown to be linear in regard to protein concentration between 2.5 and 25 mu g of microsomal protein. The optimum pH for the reaction was 7.4-7.6 and the temperature optimum was between 30 and 37 degrees C. The apparent K-m and V-max for naringenin were 24 mu M +/- 3.2 and 81.4 +/- 7.9 pmol eriodictyol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1), respectively. The microsomal F3'H was also capable of forming dihydroquercetin from dihydrokaempferol (40 pmol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1)) and of quercetin from kaempferol (3.25 pmol min(-1) (mg protein(-1)). Cytochrome c and ketoconazole were the best inhibitors of F3'H activity followed by piperonyl butoxide and a-naphthoflavone. Light was shown to be an inducer of the F3'H almost doubling the specific activity and increasing the microsomal cytochrome P450 content by 30% over that of dark grown cells. F3'H activity was also confirmed in microsomal preparations of young (new flush) leaves from 'Hamlin' trees and flavedo of 'Hamlin' oranges,'Marsh' grapefruit, and 'Lisbon' lemon. No activity was observed in older, hardened leaves and albedo of all the fruit tested. Initiation of embryogenesis in the 'Hamlin' cell suspension cultures by switching from a sucrose medium to a glycerol-based medium resulted in the down-regulation of F3'H. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. UNIV ABERDEEN,MARISCHAL COLL,DEPT BIOMED SCI,ABERDEEN AB9 1AS,SCOTLAND. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA QF487 UT WOS:A1995QF48700009 ER PT J AU CORNEJO, MJ WONG, VL BLECHL, AE AF CORNEJO, MJ WONG, VL BLECHL, AE TI CRYOPRESERVED CALLUS - A SOURCE OF PROTOPLASTS FOR RICE TRANSFORMATION SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SUSPENSION CULTURE; IMMATURE EMBRYOS; TRANSGENIC RICE; CELL-CULTURE; PLANTS; GENE; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; REGENERATION AB We cryopreserved whole rice calli (Oryza sativa L cv Taipei 309) to investigate the ability of the surviving cells to regenerate plants and yield protoplasts competent for genetic transformation. Four out of six callus lines cryopreserved after four months in culture contained small sectors able to continue cell division and subsequently regenerate fertile plants. Both cryopreservation efficiency and regeneration ability decreased when using eight month old cultures. High yields of protoplasts were obtained from different cryopreserved callus lines. Protoplasts were transfected with chimeric genes consisting of the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter, first exon and first intron fused to the coding region of either the GUS or BAR marker genes. Levels of transient gene expression from both marker genes were similar to those previously obtained using protoplasts derived from callus that had not been frozen. Stable transformants were selected by their resistance to Bialaphos and could be identified with the pH indicator chlorophenol red. Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of the BAR gene into the rice genome. Therefore, cryopreservation does not affect the ability of rice cells to integrate and express foreign genes. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JAN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 210 EP 214 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QC138 UT WOS:A1995QC13800003 PM 24190297 ER PT J AU SONGSTAD, DD SOMERS, DA GRIESBACH, RJ AF SONGSTAD, DD SOMERS, DA GRIESBACH, RJ TI ADVANCES IN ALTERNATIVE DNA DELIVERY TECHNIQUES SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Review DE ELECTROPHORESIS; INTACT TISSUE ELECTROPORATION; MICROINJECTION; SILICON CARBIDE FIBER; TRANSFORMATION ID TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS; DIRECT GENE-TRANSFER; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; PARTICLE INFLOW GUN; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; MAIZE PLANTS; MESOPHYLL PROTOPLASTS; POLLEN GRAINS; PLASMID DNA AB This review describes recent advances in alternative DNA delivery techniques with particular emphasis on silicon carbide fibers, intact tissue electroporation, electrophoresis and microinjection. The advantages/disadvantages of each method along with a historical overview and theory of practice are discussed. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,INST PLANT MOLEC GENET,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,US NATL ARBORETUM,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SONGSTAD, DD (reprint author), PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,7300 NW 62ND AVE,POB 1004,JOHNSTON,IA 50131, USA. NR 125 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF00041112 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA QL444 UT WOS:A1995QL44400001 ER PT J AU ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME AF ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND PROTEIN-CHANGES IN CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES OF PEACH ASSOCIATED WITH LOW TEMPERATURE-INDUCED COLD-ACCLIMATION AND ABSCISIC-ACID TREATMENT SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE FREEZING TOLERANCE; LT(50); NONACCLIMATED; PRUNUS PERSICA ID BROMUS-INERMIS LEYSS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; PARENCHYMA CELLS; BROMEGRASS CELLS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; INDUCTION; HARDINESS; RESISTANCE AB Cell suspension cultures were initiated from callus derived from xylem tissues of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Cold acclimation was induced (LT(50) of -13 degrees C) in cell suspensions at 3 degrees C in the dark for 10 days. Freezing tolerance returned to the level of nonacclimated cells (LT(50) of -4.5 degrees C) when cold-acclimated cells were transferred to 24 degrees C (in dark) for 3 days. Addition of 75 mu M abscisic acid (ABA) to the growth medium failed to induce cold acclimation after cells were cultured for 5 days at 24 degrees C. Microvacuolation, cytoplasmic augmentation and disappearance of starch grains were observed in cells that were cold-acclimated by exposure to low temperature. Similar ultrastructural alterations were not observed in ABA-treated cells. Several qualitative and quantitative changes in proteins were noted during both cold acclimation and ABA treatment. Both the ultrastructural and protein changes observed during cold acclimation were reversed during deacclimation. The relationship of these changes to cold acclimation in peach cell-cultures is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1007/BF00041113 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA QL444 UT WOS:A1995QL44400002 ER PT J AU RINGER, CE GRYBAUSKAS, AP AF RINGER, CE GRYBAUSKAS, AP TI INFECTION CYCLE COMPONENTS AND DISEASE PROGRESS OF GRAY LEAF-SPOT ON FIELD CORN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CERCOSPORA-ZEAE-MAYDIS; SPOT DISEASE; RESISTANCE; MAIZE; OHIO; INHERITANCE; RESIDUE AB The epidemiology of gray leaf spot disease (GLS) on field corn (Zea mays) was studied following artificial inoculation with the fungus, Cercospora zeae-maydis. Studies were based on relative differences in selected infection cycle components between a susceptible and a moderately resistant corn hybrid. Area under the disease progress curve, apparent infection rate, number of lesions, and sporulation capacity were lower and latent period was longer on the moderately resistant hybrid than on the susceptible hybrid. Based on comparisons of disease progress curves, infection cycle components, and rainfall patterns, it is postulated that rainfall and sporulation during early infection cycles have a significant effect on development of GLS. Management strategies aimed at decreasing levels of inoculum during early infection cycles are suggested as an effective means of reducing the severity of GLS. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP RINGER, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QE567 UT WOS:A1995QE56700006 ER PT J AU DAMSTEEGT, VD STONE, AL HEWINGS, AD AF DAMSTEEGT, VD STONE, AL HEWINGS, AD TI SOYBEAN DWARF, BEAN LEAF ROLL, AND BEET WESTERN YELLOWS LUTEOVIRUSES IN SOUTHEASTERN US WHITE CLOVER SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; APHID-TRANSMITTED VIRUS; SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER; HOST RANGE; PERSISTENT; DISEASES; LEGUMES AB Leaf samples collected from white clover plants in several eastern and southeastern states between 1986 and 1991 were tested for the presence of soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), bean leaf roll virus (BLRV), and beet western yellows virus (BWYV) by aphid transmission and serology. The majority of the 991 samples were from randomly selected, asymptomatic, white clover plants in or near established clover stands. We report here the widespread occurrence of SbDV and BLRV in the southeastern United States. Nearly 25% of all white clover samples contained SbDV, BLRV, or both, while less than 10% contained BWYV. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CROP PROD RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP DAMSTEEGT, VD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1 BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QE567 UT WOS:A1995QE56700011 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JC SMIGOCKI, AC BOHNERT, HJ AF THOMAS, JC SMIGOCKI, AC BOHNERT, HJ TI LIGHT-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF IPT FROM AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS RESULTS IN CYTOKININ ACCUMULATION AND OSMOTIC-STRESS SYMPTOMS IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYTOKININ; ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE; OSMOTIN; PROLINE; SALT STRESS ID ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE; HALOPHYTE MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; COMMON ICE PLANT; SALT STRESS; ABSCISIC-ACID; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; FACULTATIVE HALOPHYTE; INDUCTION; METABOLISM; TISSUES AB Cytokinins are plant growth regulators that induce shoot formation, inhibit senescence and root growth. Experiments with hydroponically grown tobacco plants, however, indicated that exogenously applied cytokinin led to the accumulation of proline and osmotin. These responses were also associated with environmental stress reactions, such as salt stress, in many plant species. To test whether increased endogenous cytokinin accumulation led to NaCl stress symptoms, the gene ipt from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, encoding isopentenyl transferase, was transformed into Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR-1 under the control of the light-inducible rbcS-3A promoter from pea. In high light (300 mu mol PPFD m(-2) s(-1)), ipt mRNA was detected and zeatin/zeatin glucoside levels were 10-fold higher than in control plants or when transformants were grown in low light (30 mu mol PPFD m(-2) s(-1)). High light treatment was accompanied by increased levels of proline and osmotin when compared to low light grown transformed and untransformed control plants. Elevated in planta cytokinin levels induced responses also stimulated by salt stress, suggesting either common or overlapping signaling pathways are initiated independently by cytokinin and NaCl, setting in motion gene expression normally elicited by developmental processes such as flowering or environmental stress. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,PSI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP THOMAS, JC (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT BIOCHEM,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Bohnert, Hans/A-7104-2009 NR 46 TC 55 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1007/BF00020179 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA QL715 UT WOS:A1995QL71500001 PM 7888614 ER PT J AU KLEIN, RR HOUTZ, RL AF KLEIN, RR HOUTZ, RL TI CLONING AND DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION OF PEA RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE LARGE SUBUNIT N-METHYLTRANSFERASE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NORTHERN ANALYSIS; PISUM SATIVUM L; PROTEIN METHYLATION; PROTEIN METHYLASE III (RUBISCO LSMT RUBISCO LARGE SUBUNIT N-METHYLTRANSFERASE, EC 2.1.1.43); RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE (RUBISCO) ID CYTOCHROME-C; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; HIGHER-PLANTS; WHEAT-GERM; CALMODULIN; CHLOROPLAST; METHYLATION; PROTEIN AB Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit (LS) N-methyltransferase (Protein methylase III, Rubisco LSMT, EC 2.1.1.43) catalyzes methylation of the E-amino group of Lys-14 in the LS of Rubisco. With limited internal amino acid sequence information obtained from HPLC-purified peptic polypeptides from Rubisco LSMT, a full-length cDNA clone was isolated utilizing polymerase chain reaction-based technology and conventional bacteriophage library screening. The 1802 bp cDNA of Rubisco LSMT encodes a 489 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of ca. 55 kDa. A derived N-terminal amino acid sequence with features common to chloroplast transit peptides was identified. The deduced sequence of Rubisco LSMT did not exhibit regions of significant homology with other protein methyltransferases. Southern blot analysis of pea genomic DNA indicated a low gene copy number of Rubisco LSMT in pea. Northern analysis revealed a single mRNA species of about 1.8 kb encoding for Rubisco LSMT which was predominately located in leaf tissue. Illumination of etiolated pea seedlings showed that the accumulation of Rubisco LSMT mRNA is light-dependent. Maximum accumulation of Rubisco LSMT transcripts occurred during the initial phase of light-induced leaf development which preceded the maximum accumulation of rbcS and rbcL mRNA. Transcript levels of Rubisco LSMT in mature light-grown tissue were similar to transcript levels in etiolated tissues indicating that the light-dependent accumulation of Rubisco LSMT mRNA is transient. This is the first reported DNA and amino acid sequence for a protein methylase III enzyme. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCHEM MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1007/BF00020181 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA QL715 UT WOS:A1995QL71500003 PM 7888616 ER PT J AU TAM, YY SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD AF TAM, YY SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD TI SELECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALPHA-METHYLTRYPTOPHAN-RESISTANT LINES OF LEMNA-GIBBA SHOWING A RAPID RATE OF INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID TURNOVER SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHIBITORY TRYPTOPHAN ANALOGS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CELL-CULTURES; ANTHRANILATE SYNTHETASE; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; MUTANT; 5-METHYLTRYPTOPHAN; BIOSYNTHESIS; PATHWAY; PLANTS AB Turnover rate is an important aspect of the regulation of plant processes by plant growth substances. To study turnover of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), two alpha-methyltryptophan-resistant lines (MTR1 and MTR2) of Lemna gibba were generated by nitrosomethyl urea treatment of an inbred line derived from L. gibba G-3. In this report we describe: (a) the development of a selection system using this near isogenic line of L. gibba; (b) techniques for chemical mutation of the lines and selection for alpha-methyltryptophan resistance; and (c) the partial characterization of the selected lines. MTR lines contained 3-fold higher levels of anthranilate synthase activity. The enzyme in the MTR lines required higher levels of tryptophan for feedback inhibition. MIR lines also contained 8-fold higher levels of tryptophan, 3-fold higher levels of free IAA, and similar levels of total IAA compared to the inbred line. Turnover rates in the inbred and selected lines were calculated, using the first-order rate equation, based on the decrease over time in isotopic enrichment of C-13(6)-IAA introduced into L. gibba during a 1-h pulse period. Isotope enrichment in IAA was determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both MTR lines had an approximately 10-fold higher rate of IAA turnover than the parent inbred line. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 107 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QB247 UT WOS:A1995QB24700010 ER PT J AU SOWA, S CONNOR, KF AF SOWA, S CONNOR, KF TI BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES DURING POLLEN GERMINATION MEASURED IN-VIVO BY INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PINE; SPRUCE; RESPIRATION; METABOLISM; VIGOR ID LILIUM-LONGIFLORUM; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; INTACT POLLEN; PHYTIC ACID; VIABILITY; METABOLISM; TUBE; STORAGE; GROWTH AB Biochemical changes during the germination of pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.), and spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) pollen grains were measured in vivo using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Samples of dry, hydrated, and germinating pollen were analysed using cylindrical internal reflectance. Spectra were recorded at regular intervals up to the time of tube emergence. Germination was evaluated microscopically. The spectra revealed differences in exine structure/thickness and a significant difference in phytate content in pine and spruce pollen. Changes observed during germination included increased respiratory activity, changes in membrane lipid phase and amount, changes in protein amount and secondary structure, and changes reflecting the utilization of phytate and formation of cell walls. Infrared spectroscopy, in a short time and using a limited amount of sample, can provide biochemical insight to the process of pollen germination and has potential for the development of a more detailed analysis of pollen viability and vigor. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,STARKVILLE,MS 39759. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 105 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(94)04036-G PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA QK339 UT WOS:A1995QK33900003 ER PT J AU WILSON, C MADORE, MA AF WILSON, C MADORE, MA TI EFFECT OF MANNOSE ON THE PLASMA-MEMBRANE ATPASE FROM SUGAR-BEET (BETA-VULGARIS L) LEAVES SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BETA VULGARIS L.; PLASMA MEMBRANE; SUGAR TRANSPORT; H+-ATPASE; PROTON PUMPING; MANNOSE ID H+-ATPASE; PROTEIN-KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATED INTERMEDIATE; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; SUCROSE TRANSPORT; SOYBEAN CELLS; INSIDE-OUT; VESICLES; PROTON; ROOTS AB Experiments were conducted to determine if the observed reduced influx of sugars following mannose treatment could be attributed to changes in ATPase activity. Mannose was supplied to Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet) leaves via the transpiration stream for either a 16- or 24-h light period. The plasma membrane was then isolated using the aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning technique. Analysis of ATP hydrolytic activity showed that mannose pretreatment had a progressive inhibitory effect on the H+-ATPase activity. These results are consistent with previous reports that mannose can dramatically influence membrane transport events in sugar beet leaves. Measurement of Mg ATP-dependent, pH-gradient formation by plasma-membrane vesicles indicated that mannose pretreatment shifted the maximal initial rate of proton pumping to more alkaline regions compared with control membranes. At pH 6.5, mannose pretreatment also inhibited the total quench. We cannot attribute this to increased leakage of protons out of the vesicles as mannose pretreatment had no effect on the passive backflow of protons out of the vesicles. Mannose appears to elicit a general perturbation of membrane transport processes which is not limited to sugars and amino acids. Collectively, these studies indicate that mannose may inhibit sugar transport, at least in part, by affecting the activity of the plasma-membrane ATPase. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP WILSON, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1995 VL 104 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(94)04024-B PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA QH903 UT WOS:A1995QH90300006 ER PT J AU FJELLSTROM, RG PARFITT, DE AF FJELLSTROM, RG PARFITT, DE TI PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND EVOLUTION OF THE GENUS JUGLANS (JUGLANDACEAE) AS DETERMINED FROM NUCLEAR GENOME RFLPS SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE JUGLANDACEAE; JUGLANS; EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR DNA; PHYLOGENY; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; RFLPS; WALNUTS ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; CHLOROPLAST; DISTANCE; TREES AB RFLPs were studied in 13 Juglans species to determine phylogenetic relationships in Juglans. Allele frequency data were used to generate genetic distance matrices and fragment data were used to generate genetic distances based upon shared-fragments and to perform parsimony analysis. Although similar cluster analyses result from analysing allelic and shared-fragment distance, the two types of distance values displayed variable correspondence with each other. Parsimony analysis produced a tree similar to distance data trees, but with additional phylogenetic resolution agreeing with previous systematic studies. All analyses indicate an ancient origin of J. regia, previously considered a recently derived species. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT POMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP FJELLSTROM, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 1995 VL 197 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1007/BF00984629 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA TE072 UT WOS:A1995TE07200002 ER PT J AU SOMKUTI, GA SOLAIMAN, DKY STEINBERG, DH AF SOMKUTI, GA SOLAIMAN, DKY STEINBERG, DH TI NATIVE PROMOTER-PLASMID VECTOR SYSTEM FOR HETEROLOGOUS CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE SYNTHESIS IN STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS SO PLASMID LA English DT Article ID LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; ENDOGLUCANASE GENE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; STREPTOMYCES SP; EXPRESSION; CLONING; ELECTROPORATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; PLANTARUM; DNA AB The cholesterol oxidase gene (choA) Of a streptomycete was used as a model for studying heterologous gene expression in Streptococcus thermophilus, an essential bacterium in dairy food fermentations. The vectors pER82 and pER82P were developed from the 2.2-kb indigenous plasmid (pER8) of S. thermophilus ST108, and sP1, a 51-bp synthetic promoter patterned after a chromosomal sequence of S. thermophilus. The presence of sP1 promoter in pER82PbCOb with the choA insert aligned with the cat gene was essential for the intracellular production of cholesterol oxidase. The pER82PbCOb was apparently stable in S. thermophilus with no detectable evidence of deletion mutational events. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP SOMKUTI, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1006/plas.1995.1002 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA QK589 UT WOS:A1995QK58900002 PM 7753911 ER PT S AU Rowell, RM AF Rowell, RM BE Rader, CP Baldwin, SD Cornell, DD Sadler, GD Stockel, RF TI Utilization of recycled agriculture-based fiber for composites SO PLASTICS, RUBBER, AND PAPER RECYCLING: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Plastics, Rubber, and Paper Recycling - A Pragmatic Approach, at the 208th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-25, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Mat, Amer Chem Soc, Div Sci & Engn Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose Paper & Text Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Business Dev & Management, Amer Chem Soc, Div Rubber Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Macromolec Secretariat AB Approximately 60 percent of the volume of solid waste in an average municipal waste stream consists of agro-based resources such as paper and paper-based products, wood, and yard wastes. These resources, along with a vast quantity of agricultural residues, can be utilized in natural fiber-based composites. These composites include geotextiles, filters, sorbents, structural and non-structural, molded, packaging, and combinations with other resources such as plastics, glass, and metals. Collection of these resources can be done through an agro refinery concept where breakdown, sorting, cleaning and processing into products can be done based on market needs. RP Rowell, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3325-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 609 BP 357 EP 366 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BE45V UT WOS:A1995BE45V00029 ER PT B AU Rowell, RM AF Rowell, RM BE Prasad, PN Mark, JE Fai, TJ TI A new generation of composite materials from agro-based fiber SO POLYMER AND OTHER ADVANCED MATERIALS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials CY JAN 16-20, 1995 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SP AKZO Nobel, Cheil Ind, Dow Corning, Hoechst Celanese, UNESCO, Int Inst Theoret Phys, Lucky Ltd, USN, Off Naval Res, TORAY Ind, US AID, US Army Res Office, Far East, ARO FE, US Naval Reg Contracting Ctr, Unitika Ltd, USAF, Off Sci Res C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45210-3 PY 1995 BP 659 EP 665 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BF08N UT WOS:A1995BF08N00068 ER PT J AU HELFER, CA SUN, JS MATTIES, MA MATTICE, WL HEMINGWAY, RW STEYNBERG, JP KELLY, LA AF HELFER, CA SUN, JS MATTIES, MA MATTICE, WL HEMINGWAY, RW STEYNBERG, JP KELLY, LA TI IMPLICATIONS OF THE FLUORESCENCE FOR THE CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF POLYMERIC PROFISETINIDINS AND PROCYANIDINS SO POLYMER BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID (-)-EPICATECHIN; (+)-CATECHIN; DIMERS; DECAY AB The common monomeric units in the polymeric procyanidins are catechin and epicatechin, which have a hydroxyl group at C(5). This hydroxyl group is absent in the profisetinidins. The fluorescence properties have been characterized for the profisetinidin monomer and dimers, and compared with previous results for the procyanidins. There is a measurable heterogeneity in the fluorescence of fisetinidol, in contrast to the simpler fluorescence of the procyanidin monomers. This heterogeneity is attributed to differences in the photophysical properties of the aromatic A- and B-rings in fisetinidol. These differences are larger in fistinidol than in catechin or epicatechin. The heterogeneity prevents determination by fluorescence of the conformations at the interflavan bond in the profisetinidins by the data analysis employed successfully with the procyanidins. C1 SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43403. UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT CHEM,BLOEMFONTEIN 9301,SOUTH AFRICA. RP HELFER, CA (reprint author), UNIV AKRON,INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-0839 J9 POLYM BULL JI Polym. Bull. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 34 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1007/BF00294891 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PY318 UT WOS:A1995PY31800013 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL JASBERG, BK SWANSON, CL AF WILLETT, JL JASBERG, BK SWANSON, CL TI RHEOLOGY OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH - EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE-CONTENT, AND ADDITIVES ON MELT VISCOSITY SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDER; AMYLOSE-LIPID COMPLEXES; EXTRUSION-COOKING; WHEAT-STARCH; MACROMOLECULAR MODIFICATIONS; CAPILLARY RHEOMETER; MANIOC STARCH; MAIZE STARCH; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR AB The melt viscosity of thermoplastic starch has been investigated as a function of temperature, moisture content, and processing conditions. The effects of various low molecular weight additives have also been studied. Starch melts exhibit power law behavior over the range of shear rates studied. Melt viscosity decreased with increasing temperature and moisture content (MC). The power law index m increased with increasing temperature. The consistency K decreased with increasing temperature and increasing moisture content. Moisture content during the pelletizing step influenced melt viscosities measured after equilibration to different MCs. All additives studied except glycerol monostearate (GMS) significantly lowered the melt viscosity of starch, some more effectively than water relative to starch with 15% MC.Starch with GMS had viscosities essentially the same as, or slightly higher than, starch/water. This behavior may be due to the presence of unmelted helical inclusion complexes of starch and GMS. Starch formulations at 160 degrees C exhibited melt viscosities similar to an LDPE of melt index 1.8. RP WILLETT, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 2 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.1002/pen.760350214 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA QD147 UT WOS:A1995QD14700013 ER PT B AU ROTZ, CA AF ROTZ, CA BE Moore, KJ Peterson, MA TI Field curing of forages SO POST-HARVEST PHYSIOLOGY AND PRESERVATION OF FORAGES SE CSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Post-Harvest Physiology and Preservation of Forages, at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Crop-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Crop Sci Soc Amer, C 6 C1 USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-539-9 J9 CSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1995 IS 22 BP 39 EP 66 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BD80H UT WOS:A1995BD80H00003 ER PT J AU WANG, CY AF WANG, CY TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PRECONDITIONING ON CATALASE, PEROXIDASE, AND SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE IN CHILLED ZUCCHINI SQUASH SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHILLING INJURY; TEMPERATURE PRECONDITIONING; ZUCCHINI SQUASH; CUCURBITA PEPO ID CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; INJURY; FRUIT; STRESS; PHOTOINHIBITION; DEGRADATION; PLANTS; LIGHT AB The development of chilling injury symptoms in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L., cv. 'Elite') stored at 5 degrees C was delayed by preconditioning the fruit at a temperature of 15 degrees C for two days. This temperature preconditioning treatment suppressed the increase in peroxidase activity and reduced the decline of catalase activity in squash during subsequent storage at 5 degrees C. The superoxide dismutase activity remained higher in temperature-conditioned squash than in untreated squash throughout storage. These results indicate that acclimation to chilling temperature in squash may also involve modifications in the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. RP WANG, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 80 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/0925-5214(94)00020-S PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RB361 UT WOS:A1995RB36100007 ER PT S AU Conway, WS Sams, CE Watada, AE AF Conway, WS Sams, CE Watada, AE BE Hyodo, H Watada, AE TI Relationship between total and cell wall bound calcium in apples following postharvest pressure infiltration of calcium chloride SO POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY OF FRUITS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci DE CaCl2; Malus domestica; postharvest; pressure infiltration AB Pressure infiltration of 2 or 4% CaCl2 solutions into 'Golden Delicious' apples at harvest increased both the total and cell wall bound calcium of the fruit when compared to fruit infiltrated with distilled water. As the calcium concentration in the fruit increased, fruit firmness was better maintained. When comparing fruit treated with the 2% CaCl2 solution with the distilled water treated fruit, there were significant increases in both total and bound calcium. However, when comparing the fruit treated with the 2% CaCl2 solution with those treated with 4% CaCl2, there was a more significant percent increase in the total calcium than in the cell wall bound calcium. These results suggest that the calcium binding sites in the cell walls of 'Golden Delicious' apples may be saturated with the calcium available in the 2% solution. Further increasing the concentration of the CaCl2 solution results in a greater increase in total calcium but a significantly lower increase in cell wall bound calcium and may result in injury to the fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Conway, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-027-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 398 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26L UT WOS:000071638100003 ER PT S AU Lester, G AF Lester, G BE Hyodo, H Watada, AE TI Regulation of muskmelon fruit senescence by calcium SO POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY OF FRUITS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci DE Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.; chlorophyll; H+-ATPase; phospholipids; proteins AB Hypodermal mesocarp tissue of postharvest muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.) disks were compared for senescence associated chemical changes before and after floating disks in 0.00, 0.04 or 0.16 M CaCl2 plus 0.35 M mannitol for 10 days at 22 degrees C in the dark. Chlorophyll loss in whole fruit disks incubated in 0.04 M CaCl2 was delayed, but hastened in 0.16 M CaCl2 vs. no CaCl2 treatment. Also total phospholipid, protein, and H+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.35) loss of the plasma membrane were delayed in 0.04 M CaCl2 and hastened in 0.16 M CaCl2 vs. no treatment. These findings suggests that muskmelon fruit senescence is affected by calcium treatment, by affecting the plasma membrane, possibly involving the regulation of lipid composition and content. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-027-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 398 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26L UT WOS:000071638100004 ER PT S AU Gross, KC Starrett, DA Chen, HJ AF Gross, KC Starrett, DA Chen, HJ BE Hyodo, H Watada, AE TI Rhamnogalacturonase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-galactosidase: Potential roles in fruit softening SO POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY OF FRUITS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits, at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 21-27, 1994 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Japanese Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci DE Aspergillus aculeatus; Botrytis cinerea; cell wall; fruit softening; fungal decay; hydrolase; polygalacturonase; postharvest physiology AB It is clear that neither polygalacturonase nor pectin methylesterase alone are responsible for tomato fruit softening. Other enzymes or factors must also be involved. It was recently reported that alpha- and beta-galactosidase from avocado fruit solubilized tomato fruit pectin in vitro (DeVeau ef al. 1993, Physiol Plant 87:279-285). In the present study, NaCl extraction of tomato pericarp yielded relatively high levels of alpha- and beta-galactosidase activity. alpha-Galactosidase was purified by multilpe Mono Q and Superose 12 gel filtration HPLC. Gel filtration and SDS-PAGE suggested an apparent MW of 44 kD. The enzyme had a specific activity of 294 mu mol product/min/mg protein, a K-m of 317 mu M, a pI of 5.0, and a pH optimum of 5.5. Activity was inhibited 67% by alpha-D-galactose. beta-Galactosidase was purified using similar techniques with the addition of affinity chromatography on p-aminobenzyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside. We are also using heterologous cDNA clones from guar and carnation to screen a tomato fruit cDNA library for alpha- and beta-galactosidase, respectively. Rhamnogalacturonase, a recently identified hydrolase in Aspergillus aculeatus, can degrade the pectic backbone and is potentially important in fruit softening and fungal decay. Previous methods used for rhamnogalacturonase assay in A. aculeatus involved methylation linkage analysis and gel filtration HPLC of oligomeric products. We have developed a method for assaying RGase activity using alpha-rhamnosidase to hydrolyze unbranched terminal rhamnosyl residues from the oligomeric products. The released rhamnose is then quantified by preparing its alditol acetate derivative and analyzing by gas chromatography. Using this assay, we detected RGase activity in tomatoes, apples, and grapes, as well as in Botrytis cinerea, an important postharvest fungal pathogen. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-027-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1995 IS 398 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26L UT WOS:000071638100012 ER EF