FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU KUBES, P NIU, XF SMITH, CW KEHRLI, ME REINHARDT, PH WOODMAN, RC AF KUBES, P NIU, XF SMITH, CW KEHRLI, ME REINHARDT, PH WOODMAN, RC TI A NOVEL BETA(1)-DEPENDENT ADHESION PATHWAY ON NEUTROPHILS - A MECHANISM INVOKED BY DIHYDROCYTOCHALASIN-B OR ENDOTHELIAL TRANSMIGRATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE INTEGRIN; FMLP; PAF; IL-8; CD11 CD18; CD29; CYTOCHALASINS ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; ADHERENCE; INTEGRIN; CELLS; FIBRONECTIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; ACTIVATION; DISTINCT; MEDIATE AB It is generally accepted that the beta(2)-integrin is restricted to mononuclear leukocytes. The objective of this study was to determine whether neutrophils can also express beta(1)-integrin (specifically alpha(4) beta(1)) and whether this can support neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and to extracellular matrix. We stimulated neutrophils with dihydrocytochalasin B (DHCB) and various chemotactic stimuli and observed that chemotactic stimuli induced neutrophil adhesion via beta(2)-integrin (CD18), whereas DHCB and either fMLP, PAF, or IL-8 induced adhesion to endothelium or protein-coated plastic that was not inhibitable by anti-CD18 antibody. beta(2)-integrin-deficient cells, which did not respond to chemotactic stimuli alone, also adhered avidly in the presence of chemotactic stimuli and DHCB. The induced neutrophil adhesion was inhibited by antibody to beta(1)- or alpha(4)-integrin chains, but only if an anti-beta(2)-integrin antibody was also present. Flow cytometry revealed increased expression of both beta(1) and alpha(4) in the presence of fMLP plus DHCB. Transendothelial migration of neutrophils induced by chemotactic stimuli alone also increased expression of beta(1) and alpha(4). Transmigration across deendothelialized membranes induced a similar beta(1) expression on neutrophils suggesting that events other than an endothelial signal elicited beta(1)-integrin expression. Transmigration-induced beta(1)-dependent expression translated into only modest adhesion to protein-coated plastic. These data suggest that both a pharmacological (DHCB) and a physiological (transmigration) stimulus can invoke expression of alpha(4) and beta(1) on human neutrophils to mediate adhesion. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP KUBES, P (reprint author), UNIV CALGARY,FAC MED,DEPT MED PHYSIOL,IMMUNOL RES GRP,3330 HOSP DR NW,CALGARY,AB T2N 4N1,CANADA. NR 34 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1103 EP 1111 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA RP996 UT WOS:A1995RP99600016 PM 7544310 ER PT J AU SCHWIMMER, S AF SCHWIMMER, S TI DEPOLYMERASE AMYLO-CHAIN REACTION - UNTYING THE GORDIAN-KNOT OF RAW STARCH DIGESTION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLUCOAMYLASE RP SCHWIMMER, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1118 EP 1119 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA RP996 UT WOS:A1995RP99600018 PM 7649412 ER PT J AU SINGH, S FETT, WF AF SINGH, S FETT, WF TI STIMULATION OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION BY FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS IN SUCROSE MEDIA DUE TO DEHYDRATION AND INCREASED OSMOLARITY SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ALGINATE; LEVAN; PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE; PLANT PATHOGEN; PHYTOPATHOGEN ID ALGINATE PRODUCTION; POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCINEA AB Exopolysaccharides produced by plant pathogenic bacteria are thought to play an important role in both the general ecology and the virulence of the producing organism. The environmental factors affecting exopolysaccharide production in planta by Pseudomonas syringae pathovars are not known. We tested the effect of increased medium osmolarity and dehydration on exopolysaccharide production in a sucrose-containing medium by three P. syringae pathovars, one (P. syringae pv. phaseolicola) capable of levan and alginate production and two (P. syringae pv. papulans and pv. savastanoi) capable of only alginate production. Addition of NaCl and ethanol to the medium led to increased accumulation of alginate by all three pathovars as well as increased levan production by P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. Culture fluids of the two non-levan producers also contained increased amounts of neutral carbohydrate which was not levan. Based on sugar compostion this material may have originated from outer membrane lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the ratio of neutral material (levan or not) to alginate varied dependent on culture conditions. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19018. RP SINGH, S (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,HAZLETON CAMPUS,HAZLETON,PA 18201, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 130 IS 2-3 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RN915 UT WOS:A1995RN91500029 ER PT J AU MA, YZ MACKOWN, CT VANSANFORD, DA AF MA, YZ MACKOWN, CT VANSANFORD, DA TI KERNEL MASS AND ASSIMILATE ACCUMULATION OF WHEAT - CULTIVAR RESPONSES TO 50-PERCENT SPIKELET REMOVAL AT ANTHESIS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM; CARBOHYDRATE; NITROGEN; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIP ID SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; WINTER-WHEAT; MANIPULATION; GRAINS; NUMBER; GROWTH; YIELD AB Removal of spikelets at anthesis from primary culms of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) decreased kernel number and induced a range of compensatory growth responses for kernels on the primary culm. Cultivars with kernels on the primary culm that failed to increase in mass were classified as nonresponsive to 50% spikelet removal (SR), while those that increased were classified as responsive. With SR from only the primary culm, differences in assimilate synthesis and export from the primary culm to tillers with intact spikes might explain differential compensatory growth responses for kernels on the primary culm. Consequently, effects were compared for SR from only the primary culm and/or all culms on assimilate levels and kernel mass of two nonresponsive and four responsive cultivars. For nonresponsive cultivars, growth of kernels on the primary culm and tillers was unaffected by either SR treatments. For responsive cultivars, growth of kernels on the primary culm was significantly increased (9 to 23%) to a similar extent for both SR treatments, but growth of tiller kernels increased (10 to 26%) only when all spikes received SR treatment. Apparently, growth of primary-culm kernels after SR was unaffected by the reproductive-sink size of tillers. At maturity, the total water soluble carbohydrate content of stem tissues from both nonresponsive and responsive cultivars was increased by SR, but the higher levels of assimilate were associated with greater kernel growth of only responsive cultivars. Enhanced availability of assimilates and differential kernel responses caused by SR indicate kernel growth of nonresponsive cultivars was sink-limited, while kernel growth of responsive cultivars was initially source-limited and later sink-limited once maximum kernel growth was reached. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(95)00027-N PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RX912 UT WOS:A1995RX91200004 ER PT J AU BIRDSEY, RA AF BIRDSEY, RA TI A BRIEF-HISTORY OF THE STRADDLER PLOT DEBATES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP BIRDSEY, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 SU S BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RP491 UT WOS:A1995RP49100001 ER PT J AU HAHN, JT MACLEAN, CD ARNER, SL BECHTOLD, WA AF HAHN, JT MACLEAN, CD ARNER, SL BECHTOLD, WA TI PROCEDURES TO HANDLE INVENTORY CLUSTER PLOTS THAT STRADDLE 2 OR MORE CONDITIONS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS; FOREST SURVEY; NATIONAL FOREST INVENTORIES; CLUSTER SAMPLE; EDGE EFFECT AB We review the relative merits and field procedures for four basic plot designs to handle forest inventory plots that straddle two or more conditions, given that subplots will not be moved. A cluster design is recommended that combines fixed-area subplots and variable-radius plot (VRP) sampling. Each subplot in a cluster consists of a large fixed-area subplot for estimating area and tallying large trees, a microplot (small fixed-area subplot) for tallying small trees, and a variable-radius plot for tallying intermediate size trees. Subplots are assigned a condition class based on a classification algorithm. For subplots that straddle conditions, boundaries are mapped for area estimation, and the condition class of each tree is recorded. For some straddler subplots, there may be insufficient trees for specific conditions to allow unambiguous classification by computer algorithm. We discuss several possible solutions for this problem. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW FOREST EXPT STN,PORTLAND,OR. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC. RP HAHN, JT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 SU S BP 12 EP 25 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RP491 UT WOS:A1995RP49100002 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MS SCHREUDER, HT AF WILLIAMS, MS SCHREUDER, HT TI DOCUMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF GROWTH AND OTHER ESTIMATORS FOR THE FULLY MAPPED DESIGN USED BY FIA - A SIMULATION STUDY SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CLASSICAL VARIANCE ESTIMATOR; LENGTH OF BOUNDARIES; AREA ESTIMATION ID HORIZONTAL POINT SAMPLES; SURVIVOR GROWTH; INGROWTH; VOLUME AB For the proposed mapped design of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Survey and Inventory (FIA) units, in a simulation study for a realistic mapped population, Grosenbaugh's ingrowth estimator (I) over cap(I), and Van Deusen's survivor growth estimator Delta (S) over cap(2), are best. If additivity of estimates is desired, Delta (Y) over cap(1) should be used for total growth estimation. If additivity is not required, a plausible assumption as FIA users become more statistically literate, Roesch's estimator <(Delta Y)over cap>(4) which is 12% more efficient than <(Delta Y)over cap>(1) should be used if survivor ongrowth trees can be cored to determine their first time period diameters. If not, Grosenbaugh's nonadditive estimator <(Delta Y)over cap>(2) should be used which is 8% more efficient than <(Delta Y)over cap>(1). The classical variance estimator yields unbiased estimates of the variance of the parameter estimates as expected, Area estimation, change in area estimation, percentage of plots in more than one condition, means per tree, and changes in means per tree over time can be estimated reliably if sample size is large enough and conditions or changes in conditions are not too infrequent. The length of boundaries between conditions are consistently underestimated. RP WILLIAMS, MS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 SU S BP 26 EP 45 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RP491 UT WOS:A1995RP49100003 ER PT J AU SCOTT, CT BECHTOLD, WA AF SCOTT, CT BECHTOLD, WA TI TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTATIONS FOR MAPPING PLOT CLUSTERS THAT STRADDLE STAND BOUNDARIES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST INVENTORY; CLUSTER SAMPLING AB Many regional (extensive) forest surveys use clusters of subplots or prism points to reduce survey costs. Two common methods of handling clusters that straddle stand boundaries entail: (1) moving all subplots into a single forest cover type, or (2) ''averaging'' data across multiple conditions without regard to the boundaries. These methods result in biased estimates of tree attributes (volume/acre, basal area/acre, etc.) and/or misclassification of discrete stand-area attributes (cover type, stand size, etc.). To circumvent the problems encountered with these approaches, a technique is described whereby subplots always are arranged in a fixed pattern, and trees are tallied by the cover type or ''condition class'' in which they occur. This involves mapping boundaries that bisect a subplot and proportioning subplot area by condition class. Field and calculation procedures leading to unbiased estimates are given. C1 SO RES STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RP SCOTT, CT (reprint author), NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 SU S BP 46 EP 61 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RP491 UT WOS:A1995RP49100004 ER PT J AU MOISEN, GG STAGE, AR BORN, JD AF MOISEN, GG STAGE, AR BORN, JD TI POINT SAMPLING WITH DISJUNCT SUPPORT NEAR POPULATION-BOUNDARIES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EDGE EFFECT BIAS; POINT SUBSTITUTION ID EDGE AB In inventories that guide land management, point sampling is heavily used to estimate land area occupied by a population, area by condition class, population mean density, and totals of population attributes. Often, for reasons of efficiency or interpretation, the attributes of the principal sample point are described by aggregating information over a group of satellite points arrayed in a geometric pattern around the principal point. This group of data sampling points forms what is called the ''support'' for the principal point. Problems arise when the principal point is close enough to a population (or subpopulation) boundary for some of the support points to fall outside that boundary. Ad hoc solutions to this problem that involve replacing some or all of the points in the group may introduce bias into the inventory estimates. Unfortunately, procedures that do not replace points introduce bias into estimates of attributes that can be defined only with respect to the configuration and volume of the support. Examples of such attributes include distribution of area by classes of tree density, stocking, species composition, stand structure, and the ecological frequency and constancy of a species. A rule has been developed for reshaping the pattern of support points that resolves the dilemma for single, straight boundaries. Simulations to evaluate the rule show that it produces a uniform density of points with respect to distance from the boundary while maintaining a compact region of support for the principal point. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT 84606. FORESTRY SCI LAB,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP MOISEN, GG (reprint author), FORESTRY SCI LAB,OGDEN,UT 84401, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 SU S BP 62 EP 82 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RP491 UT WOS:A1995RP49100005 ER PT J AU WEATHERSPOON, CP SKINNER, CN AF WEATHERSPOON, CP SKINNER, CN TI AN ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DAMAGE TO TREE CROWNS FROM THE 1987 WILDFIRES IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FIRE DAMAGE; PLANTATION PROTECTION; SITE PREPARATION; FUELS MANAGEMENT; ORDINAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION ID FOREST; FIRE AB Relationships between (1) degree of damage caused by the 1987 fires in northern California and (2) prior management activities, fuelbed characteristics, and site/stand factors were studied on the Hayfork Ranger District of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Postfire aerial photography was used to assess scorch and consumption of tree crowns (the selected measure of fire damage), and other data were obtained from existing records. Data were collected and analyzed separately for (1) plantations and (2) uncut and partial-cut stands. Ordinal logistic regression was the primary analytical technique used. Factors significantly related to degree of fire damage in plantations were cover of grasses, cover of forbs, elevation, site preparation method, and level of damage in the adjacent stand. Damage to uncut and partial-cut stands depended on stand treatment, primary tree species, and aspect. The variables that most strongly influenced fire damage tended to be those most directly related to management activities-site preparation method and damage in adjacent stand for plantations, and stand treatment for uncut and partial-cut stands. RP WEATHERSPOON, CP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2400 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 38 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 430 EP 451 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RN920 UT WOS:A1995RN92000002 ER PT J AU GREGOIRE, TG VALENTINE, HT AF GREGOIRE, TG VALENTINE, HT TI A SAMPLING STRATEGY TO ESTIMATE THE AREA AND PERIMETER OF IRREGULARLY SHAPED PLANAR REGIONS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RANDOM RADIUS; UNBIASED ESTIMATION AB The length of a randomly oriented ray emanating from an interior point of a planar region can be used to unbiasedly estimate the region's area and perimeter. Estimators and corresponding variance estimators under various selection strategies are presented. C1 US FOREST SERV,LOUIS C WYMAN FOREST SCI LAB,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP GREGOIRE, TG (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 5 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 470 EP 476 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RN920 UT WOS:A1995RN92000004 ER PT J AU HOF, J BEVERS, M PICKENS, J AF HOF, J BEVERS, M PICKENS, J TI PRAGMATIC APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZATION WITH RANDOM YIELD COEFFICIENTS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LINEAR PROGRAMMING; CHANCE CONSTRAINTS; PROBABILISTIC PROGRAMMING ID LINEAR-PROGRAMS AB This paper discusses practical methods for handling normally distributed random technical (yield) coefficients in linear programs that optimize natural resource allocation and scheduling, These methods are practical in the sense that they are applicable to large-scale real world models and do not require nonlinear solution methods. The paper begins with a description and demonstration of postoptimization approaches that are applicable to large, linear problems, and then explores methods for reducing overall risk through land allocation diversification, A central theme of the paper is the importance of providing some sort of allowance for uncertainty when presenting optimization results, which promotes a more realistic view of the problem by analysts and decision makers alike. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP HOF, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 501 EP 512 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RN920 UT WOS:A1995RN92000007 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, KJ VOSE, JM AF ELLIOTT, KJ VOSE, JM TI EVALUATION OF THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR WHITE-PINE (PINUS-STROBUS L) SEEDLINGS PLANTED ON PRESCRIBED BURN SITES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION INDEXES; CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS; DISTURBANCE; REGENERATION ID PLANTATION ESTABLISHMENT; GROWTH; INTERFERENCE; INDEXES; HEIGHT; SPRUCE; TREES AB We evaluated the competitive environment around planted white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings and monitored the response of seedling growth to competition from naturally regenerating herbaceous and woody species for 2 yr after prescribed burning. We evaluated the ability of distance-independent and distance-dependent competition indices to predict resource availability, determined if white pine seedlings responded to resource reduction by competitors, and identified species-specific contributions to the competitive environment through canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Distance-independent measures of competition were not as well correlated with pine seedling growth as were distance-dependent measures. In 1991, competition was less important in 1991 than in 1992, and ordinating the species with CCA failed to improve the predictability of the competitive environment. By 1992, competition became more important, and individual species had differing effects on pine growth; we found that light was the most important resource limiting diameter growth and that the tall tree species were responsible for reduced light availability to pine seedlings. RP ELLIOTT, KJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 513 EP 530 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RN920 UT WOS:A1995RN92000008 ER PT J AU STERBA, H MONSERUD, RA AF STERBA, H MONSERUD, RA TI POTENTIAL VOLUME YIELD FOR MIXED-SPECIES DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS IN THE NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SITE PRODUCTIVITY; YIELD LEVEL; PRODUCTION CLASS; UNEVEN-AGED; SITE INDEX ID HEIGHT GROWTH; SITE INDEX; DENSITY; CURVES AB A procedure for estimating potential volume yield is developed for stands containing dominant Douglas-fir in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Earlier work on site index and height growth and maximum stand density was the basis for deriving a stand form factor equation that provides potential volume estimates for a continuum of even- to uneven-aged mixed-species stands. The coefficients of this equation (which explained 84% of the variation) differ with respect to habitat type. The combination of asymptotic dominant height, potential basal area, and stand form factor allows for estimating potential total volumes as a function of site index and age of dominant Douglas-fir, habitat type, and the skewness of the dbh(1.5)-distribution (which characterizes stand structure). Potential volume yield levels vary with respect to habitat type and stand structure (skewness), indicating that much information on potential total volume is lost if only site index is used to measure productivity. These discrepancies between productivity estimates based on site index and potential volume are the result of different yield levels sensu Assmann existing within a given site index class, For the majority of habitat types, volume growth potential would have been underestimated using site index alone. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP STERBA, H (reprint author), AGR UNIV VIENNA,INST WALDWACHSTUMSFORSCH,PETER JORDAN STR 82,A-1190 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 531 EP 545 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RN920 UT WOS:A1995RN92000009 ER PT J AU NANJI, AA SADRZADEH, SMH YANG, EK FOGT, F MEYDANI, M DANNENBERG, AJ AF NANJI, AA SADRZADEH, SMH YANG, EK FOGT, F MEYDANI, M DANNENBERG, AJ TI DIETARY SATURATED FATTY-ACIDS - A NOVEL TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLIC LIVER-DISEASE SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HEPATIC-FIBROSIS; RAT-LIVER; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; ETHANOL; INJURY; PATHOGENESIS; NUTRITION; SYSTEM; LIPIDS; OIL AB Background and Aims: Lipid peroxidation may be important in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a saturated fatty acid-based therapy (palm oil) could decrease lipid peroxidation and alcoholic liver injury during ethanol withdrawal. Methods: Three groups of male Wistar rats (5 rats/group) were studied. Rats in group 1 were fed a fish oil-ethanol diet for 6 weeks; rats in groups 2 and 3 were fed a fish oil-ethanol diet for 6 weeks before treatment with fish oil-dextrose (group 2) or palm oil-dextrose (group 3) for 2 weeks. Liver samples were analyzed for histopathology, lipid peroxidation, fatty acid composition, cytochrome P450 2E1 activity, and tocopherol levels. Results: By 6 weeks, all rats had developed fatty liver, inflammation, and necrosis. Group 2 showed minimal histological improvement, whereas group 3 showed near normalization of the histology. The improvement in group 3 was associated with decreased lipid peroxidation and P450 2E1 activity. Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids were detected in group 2 than group 3. Tocopherol levels were similar among the groups. Conclusions: A diet enriched in saturated but not unsaturated fatty acids reversed alcoholic liver injury. This effect may be explained by down-regulation of lipid peroxidation. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. CORNELL UNIV MED COLL,NEW YORK HOSP,DIV DIGEST DIS,NEW YORK,NY 10021. STRANG CANC PREVENT CTR,ANNE FISHER NUTR CTR,NEW YORK,NY. JOHN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA. RP NANJI, AA (reprint author), NEW ENGLAND DEACONESS HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,M323,1 DEACONESS RD,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK01992, DK33765] NR 45 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD AUG PY 1995 VL 109 IS 2 BP 547 EP 554 DI 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90344-5 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RM508 UT WOS:A1995RM50800026 PM 7615205 ER PT J AU LEWIS, G AF LEWIS, G TI MONEY MAKES US RELATIVES - WOMENS LABOR IN URBAN TURKEY - WHITE,JB SO GENDER & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review RP LEWIS, G (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0891-2432 J9 GENDER SOC JI Gend. Soc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 522 EP 524 DI 10.1177/089124395009004017 PG 3 WC Sociology; Women's Studies SC Sociology; Women's Studies GA RL873 UT WOS:A1995RL87300012 ER PT J AU GRAUKE, LJ THOMPSON, TE MARQUARD, RD AF GRAUKE, LJ THOMPSON, TE MARQUARD, RD TI EVALUATION OF PECAN [CARYA-ILLINOINENSIS (WANGENH) K KOCH] GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS AND DESIGNATION OF A CORE SUBSET SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; INHERITANCE; MANAGEMENT C1 HOLDEN ARBORETUM,KIRTLAND,OH 44094. RP GRAUKE, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROUTE 2,BOX 133,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 950 EP 954 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800002 ER PT J AU HAMMERSCHLAG, FA AF HAMMERSCHLAG, FA TI STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING HORTICULTURALLY USEFUL GENES - INTRODUCTION TO THE COLLOQUIUM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Strategies for Developing Horticulturally Useful Genes, at the 91st ASHS Annual Meeting CY AUG 10, 1994 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci, ASHS, Plant Biotechnol Working Grp, ASHS, Citrus Crops Working Grp, ASHS, Fruit Breeding Working Grp, ASHS, Genet & Germplasm Working Grp, ASHS, Ornamental Plant Breeding Working Grp, ASHS, Propagat Working Grp, ASHS, Vegetable Breeding Working Grp ID PLANT-CELLS; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; FOREIGN GENES; TI-PLASMIDS; EXPRESSION; DNA; VECTOR RP HAMMERSCHLAG, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 956 EP 957 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800003 ER PT J AU OWENS, LD AF OWENS, LD TI OVERVIEW OF GENE AVAILABILITY, IDENTIFICATION, AND REGULATION SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Strategies for Developing Horticulturally Useful Genes, at the 91st ASHS Annual Meeting CY AUG 10, 1994 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci, ASHS, Plant Biotechnol Working Grp, ASHS, Citrus Crops Working Grp, ASHS, Fruit Breeding Working Grp, ASHS, Genet & Germplasm Working Grp, ASHS, Ornamental Plant Breeding Working Grp, ASHS, Propagat Working Grp, ASHS, Vegetable Breeding Working Grp ID CONFERS ENHANCED RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ANTISENSE RNA; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; DETOXIFYING ENZYME; INSECT RESISTANCE; TOMATO FRUIT; EXPRESSION; TOBACCO; PROTEIN RP OWENS, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 957 EP 961 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800004 ER PT J AU SMIGOCKI, AC AF SMIGOCKI, AC TI PHENOTYPE MODIFICATION AND ENHANCED TOLERANCE TO INSECT PESTS BY REGULATED EXPRESSION OF A CYTOKININ BIOSYNTHESIS GENE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Strategies for Developing Horticulturally Useful Genes, at the 91st ASHS Annual Meeting CY AUG 10, 1994 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci, ASHS, Plant Biotechnol Working Grp, ASHS, Citrus Crops Working Grp, ASHS, Fruit Breeding Working Grp, ASHS, Genet & Germplasm Working Grp, ASHS, Ornamental Plant Breeding Working Grp, ASHS, Propagat Working Grp, ASHS, Vegetable Breeding Working Grp ID ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; TISSUE-CULTURES; CELL-DIVISION; INHIBITOR-II; AGROBACTERIUM; GLUCOSIDES; MORPHOLOGY RP SMIGOCKI, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 967 EP 969 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800007 ER PT J AU MILLER, SS AF MILLER, SS TI ROOT PRUNING AND TRUNK SCORING HAVE LIMITED EFFECT ON YOUNG BEARING APPLE-TREES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS DOMESTICA; CULTURAL MANAGEMENT; SHOOT GROWTH; FRUIT SIZE ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH-REGULATORS; YIELD; QUALITY; TIME AB To control excessive growth, vigorous 'Smoothee Golden Delicious', 'Jonagold', 'Empire', and 'Gala' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars on Malling 7A (M.7A) rootstock planted at close in-row spacing (2.5 or 1.8 m) were mechanically root-pruned (RP), trunk-scored (TS; ringing), or both, annually for 3 to 5 years beginning in the fourth leaf. Trees were grown in a deep, well-drained, fertile soil and supplied with trickle irrigation. RP reduced terminal shoot length in 2 of 5 years on 'Smoothee Golden Delicious'; trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) was not affected by RP. TS reduced terminal length in 3 years and TCSA in each of 5 years of treatment on 'Smoothee Golden Delicious'. Bloom density was not affected by RP on 'Smoothee Golden Delicious' but was increased by TS in two of the three years measured. RP reduced terminal shoot length in 'Gala', 'Empire', and 'Jonagold' in most years and TCSA in 1993 for all cultivars. TS had no effect on shoot length or TCSA in these three cultivars. Effects of RP and TS on yield and fruit size varied with year and cultivar. In general, the effects of RP and TS were inconsistent and often failed to reduce shoot growth or canopy spread. No practical advantage was recognized from these techniques for young apple trees growing on a fertile site with trickle irrigation. RP MILLER, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 981 EP 984 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800012 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM PETERSON, DL MILLER, SS AF GLENN, DM PETERSON, DL MILLER, SS TI MECHANICAL HARVESTING OF PEACHES - LIMITED POTENTIAL SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; MECHANIZED PRUNING; PRUNUS NECROTIC RINGSPOT VIRUS; FRUIT QUALITY; TRUNK DAMAGE; TRUNK SHAKER; PRUNUS PERSICA AB This study evaluated the total and marketable yield of three peach cultivars [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. 'Autumnglo', 'Harvester', and 'Redhaven'] when mechanical pruning and harvesting systems were used and trees were grown under three irrigation regimes. All cultivars were trunk-shaken using an experimental inertial shaker on an over the-row (OTR) shake-catch harvester. 'Autumnglo' also was hand-harvested at all irrigation regimes. Fruit damage was not significantly affected by irrigation. A significant source of fruit damage was pruning debris that remained in the canopy after hedging and became lodged in the fruit-conveying system, resulting in cultivar effects on fruit damage. Total yield of firm-ripe fruit was similar among cultivars in 1987 and 1988. However, 'Autumnglo' trees had a higher percentage of marketable fruit than 'Redhaven' or 'Harvester' in 1987 and 1991. Mechanical harvesting appeared to accelerate the decline of 'Autumnglo' as shown by tree deaths and greater symptom expression of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus. The potential for a single mechanical harvest of peaches is limited because of the difficulty in managing the ripening window, the high potential for fruit damage, and the possibility of accelerated tree decline for disease-susceptible cultivars. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 985 EP 987 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800013 ER PT J AU SPIERS, JM AF SPIERS, JM TI SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURES INFLUENCE ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH OF SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH AND RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM SPP; CULTIVARS ID MULCH AB A greenhouse study was conducted td evaluate the influence of substrate temperatures (16, 27, and 38C) on root and shoot growth of six blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) clones (three clones each of two types). Between types, southern highbush (primarily V. corymbosum L.) produced more roots and total growth than rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade). Comparing clones,'Gulfcoast' (southern highbush) was the most vigorous and 'Tifblue' (rabbiteye) the least vigorous. Each clone had a negative linear response to substrate temperatures in all growth characteristics. Root and shoot growth was best at 16C. This study indicates that both rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries would respond favorably to cultural practices that lower soil temperatures during the summer growing season. RP SPIERS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SMALL FRUIT RES STN, POPLARVILLE, MS 39470 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1030 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800026 ER PT J AU RAESE, JT DRAKE, SR AF RAESE, JT DRAKE, SR TI CALCIUM SPRAYS AND TIMING AFFECT FRUIT CALCIUM CONCENTRATIONS, YIELD, FRUIT WEIGHT, AND CORK SPOT OF ANJOU PEARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PYRUS COMMUNIS; FRUIT DISORDERS; MINERAL NUTRITION; QUALITY AB Calcium sprays (CaCl2, Mora-Leaf-Ca + Link Ca, or Stopit) increased fruit Ca concentrations and reduced the incidence of Cork spot of 'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) during four seasons. All Ca sprays increased yield relative to the control. All sprays resulted in some injury to leaves and fruit, but fruit was acceptable for marketing. At the low rate, Stopit sprays were the least injurious. Early season sprays, in June to July, produced less leaf and fruit injury than late-season sprays, in July to August, or early + late-season sprays. Early or late-season Ca sprays resulted in slightly larger fruit than early + late sprays. Either late or early + late-season sprays led to higher Ca concentrations in fruit cortex than early sprays. RP RAESE, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1039 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800029 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, RG SHARP, JL AF MCGUIRE, RG SHARP, JL TI MARKET QUALITY OF SWEET-POTATOES AFTER GAMMA-IRRADIATION FOR WEEVIL CONTROL SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CYLAS FORMICARIUS; IPOMOEA BATATAS; BONIATO; QUARANTINE; STORAGE ID SWEET-POTATOES; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Roots of sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] were treated with 200 to 1000 Gy of ionizing radiation from a Co-60 source. Within this range, radiation dosage had no effect on surface injury and decay when roots were evaluated after 1 month of storage at 13C and 90 % relative humidity. During storage, weight loss by irradiated roots was 0.5 % to 3.3 % over that of nontreated roots, which, in some instances, affected root firmness. Changes in peel color were visually imperceptible, but raw medullar tissue of the staple-type, white-fleshed cultivar Picadito had a more intense yellow hue with increasing irradiation. The greatest differences were evident after roots had been baked. The hue of the cooked medullar tissue of the sweet, orange-fleshed cultivar Jewel was not changed by increasing irradiation, although roots were darker and had a lower color intensity. With baking, the medullar tissue of irradiated roots of'Picadito' lost some of its yellow tinge, but it also became darker with increased irradiation. Taste panelists reported that irradiated roots were sweeter, but these were not preferred to nonirradiated roots, due, in part, to the darkened appearance of treated samples. RP MCGUIRE, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1049 EP 1051 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800033 ER PT J AU NISHIJIMA, KA CHAN, HT SANXTER, SS LINSE, ES AF NISHIJIMA, KA CHAN, HT SANXTER, SS LINSE, ES TI REDUCED HEAT-SHOCK PERIOD OF SHARWIL AVOCADO FOR COLD TOLERANCE IN QUARANTINE COLD TREATMENT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PERSEA AMERICANA; PRECONDITION; HEAT TREATMENT COLD STORAGE; CHILLING INJURY; FRUIT FLY; HEAT SHOCK AB A reduced heat shock period for 'Sharwil' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) before quarantine cold treatment is described. The shortened heat pretreatment period of 8 to 12 hours, rather than the originally recommended 18 hours at 38C, is effective in reducing chilling injury symptoms when the pulp is at less than or equal to 2.2C during 16 days of storage. The reduced durations and the range of pretreatment hours affords packinghouses greater efficiency and more flexibility and will reduce handling costs relative to the longer exposure. RP NISHIJIMA, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1052 EP 1053 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800034 ER PT J AU HENNESSEY, MK KNIGHT, RJ SCHNELL, RJ AF HENNESSEY, MK KNIGHT, RJ SCHNELL, RJ TI ANTIBIOSIS TO CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY IN AVOCADO GERMPLASM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA SUSPENSA; HOST; PERSEA AMERICANA; QUARANTINE; RESISTANCE AB Seventeen avocado selections from the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Miami National Clonal Germplasm Repository were bioassayed for antibiosis to Caribbean fruit fly eggs and larvae. Two colony-reared strains of flies were used. Fourteen of the selections did not support any development of immature stages to the adult stage. The results support the contention that highly resistant cultivars would not pose a high risk of spreading Caribbean fruit fly to foreign markets even without postharvest disinfestation treatment. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR TROP RES & EDUC,HOMESTEAD,FL 33031. USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. RP HENNESSEY, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1062 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800037 ER PT J AU MAAS, JL LINE, MJ AF MAAS, JL LINE, MJ TI NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MICROIMAGING OF STRAWBERRY FLOWER BUDS AND FRUIT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FRAGARIA XANANASSA; MR; MRI; MAGNETIC RESONANCE MICROSCOPY; MOBILE PROTON ID DORMANT APPLE BUDS; FREE-WATER AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to examine tissue structure and developmental changes during growth and maturation of plant organs nondestructively. Spin-lattice, relaxation time: (T1)-weighted, inversion recovery, spin-echo images of strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) flower buds were acquired at 3 and I day before anthesis and receptacles at 4, 10, 15, and 25 days after anthesis (DAA). The central pith and ovules of newer buds imaged intensely with inversion echo times between 0.1 and 0.5 seconds. Achenes and the vascular cylinder, composed of vascular bundles surrounding the pith, were prominent in receptacles at 4 and 10 DAA. Vascular bundles leading to achene positions, cortex and pith tissues, and the vascular cylinder were evident in receptacles at all developmental stages. A general trend to homogeneity of structure was observed in images of receptacles nearing full maturity (25 DAA). Inversion recovery, spin-echo NMR microimaging may be useful for studying infernal physicochemical changes in flower buds and fruit of strawberry and of other fruit crops. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MAAS, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1090 EP 1096 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800047 ER PT J AU ZEE, F MUNEKAT, M ITO, P AF ZEE, F MUNEKAT, M ITO, P TI THE REDISCOVERY OF NOELS-SPECIAL PASSION-FRUIT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE GERMPLASM; JUICE; TROPICAL C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT HORT,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP ZEE, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,POB 4487,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1098 EP 1098 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800049 ER PT J AU GALLETTA, GJ MAAS, JL ENNS, JM DRAPER, AD FIOLA, JA SCHEERENS, JC ARCHBOLD, DD BALLINGTON, JR AF GALLETTA, GJ MAAS, JL ENNS, JM DRAPER, AD FIOLA, JA SCHEERENS, JC ARCHBOLD, DD BALLINGTON, JR TI DELMARVEL STRAWBERRY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FRAGARIA XANANASSA; PHYTOPHTHORA FRAGARIAE; COLLETOTRICHUM FRAGARIAE; ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE; RED-STELE ROOT-ROT RESISTANCE; FRUIT BREEDING ID CULTIVARS C1 RUTGERS FRUIT RES & EXTENS CTR,CREAM RIDGE,NJ 08514. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT HORT & CROP SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP GALLETTA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1103 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800050 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, RJ PAYNE, JA SCHNELL, RJ AMIS, AA AF KNIGHT, RJ PAYNE, JA SCHNELL, RJ AMIS, AA TI BYRON-BEAUTY, AN ORNAMENTAL PASSION VINE FOR THE TEMPERATE ZONE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PASSIFLORA INCARNATA X P-EDULIS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; HUMMINGBIRD; BUTTERFLIES; COLD TOLERANT C1 USDA ARS, SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB, BYRON, GA 31008 USA. RP KNIGHT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SUBTROP HORT RES STN, 13601 OLD CUTLER RD, MIAMI, FL 33158 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1112 EP 1112 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN158 UT WOS:A1995RN15800055 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC PUGH, GW AF STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC PUGH, GW TI COMPARISON OF SPLEEN-CELL PROLIFERATION IN RESPONSE TO BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-2308 LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE OR PROTEINS IN MICE VACCINATED WITH STRAIN-19 OR RB51 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTECTION; INFECTION; ANTIGEN AB Mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus 19 (S19) or RB51 (SRB51) had spleen cells which proliferated in response to proteins of 32, 27, 18, and <18 kDa but not in response to proteins of 106, 80, and 49 kDa from B. abortus 2308 (S2308) following vaccination and challenge infection with S2308. Spleen cells from mice vaccinated with S19 but not with SRB51 had increased proliferation in response to S2308 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following challenge infection with S2308. We Previously reported that mice vaccinated with S19 or SRB51, which were analyzed in the current study, have increased resistance to infection with S2308 and that only mice vaccinated with S19 produce antibody to S2308 LPS (M. Stevens, S. Olsen, G. Pugh, Jr., anti D. Brees, Infect. Immun. 63:264-270, 1995). The results from our current and previous studies support the contention that vaccination of mice with S19 or SRB51 induces protection from infection with S2308 by cell-mediated immune responses to the same immunodominant (32, 27, 18, and <18 kDa) protein antigens of S2308. In addition, the absence of S2308 LPS-responsive spleen cells and antibody to S2308 LPS in mice vaccinated with SRB51 suggests that immune responses to LPS have no role in SRB51-induced protective immunity. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 63 IS 8 BP 3199 EP 3205 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RK640 UT WOS:A1995RK64000058 PM 7622248 ER PT J AU ROEHRDANZ, RL AF ROEHRDANZ, RL TI AMPLIFICATION OF COMPLETE INSECT MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME IN 2 EASY PIECES SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MTDNA; LONG PCR; RTTH POLYMERASE; LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS; HELICOVERPA ID DNA FRAGMENTS; PCR; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE AB The entire insect mitochondrial genome has been amplified in just two PCR reactions, 'Universal' insect primers and techniques to optimize amplification of long PCR products were used to obtain segments of the mitochondrial genomes of Helicoverpa tea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera) ranging in size from 3.7 kb to 14 kb or about 25% to over 85% of a typical 16 kb mtDNA. Overlapping pairs of fragments contain the complete mtDNA sequence. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.1995.tb00022.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA RX810 UT WOS:A1995RX81000005 PM 8589843 ER PT J AU BADRIA, FA ABBAS, HK SHIER, WT AF BADRIA, FA ABBAS, HK SHIER, WT TI CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF HYDROLYZED FUMONISIM B-1 TO HYDROLYZED FUMONISIM B-2 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FUMONISINS; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; HYDROLYZED FUMONISIN B-2; MYCOTOXINS; PARTIAL SYNTHESIS; DEOXYGENATION ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS; TOXICITY; TOXINS; FOODS; RATS AB The fumonisins, a series of sphingosine-analog mycotoxins produced by the ubiquitous corn contaminant Fusarium moniliforme, are an important food safety concern because they are tumor promoters with sufficient chemical stability to persist through normal food processing. Removing propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid side chains produces hydrolyzed fumonisins (HF), including HFB1 and HFB2, which retain biological activity. Detection of hydrolyzed fumonisins in food products has created a need for efficient methods to prepare them for use as analytical standards. In the present study conversion of the more abundant HFB1 to HFB2 was accomplished by selectively protecting the hydroxyl groups to be retained as the bis(acetonide), deoxygenating the remaining free hydroxyl, and removing the blocking groups. Deoxygenation was accomplished by two methods: (i) free radical-initiated homolytic cleavage of the O-phenoxythiocarbonyl ester in the presence of tributyltin hydride and (ii) LiAlH4 reduction of the tosylate ester. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL PHARM,DEPT MED CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1989 EP 1992 DI 10.1021/jf00056a006 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RR802 UT WOS:A1995RR80200006 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF GERARD, HC FETT, WF MOREAU, RA DUDLEY, RL AF OSMAN, SF GERARD, HC FETT, WF MOREAU, RA DUDLEY, RL TI METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOMATO CUTIN OLIGOMERS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CUTIN; OLIGOMERS; TOMATO; DIHYDROXYHEXADECANOATE; DEPOLYMERIZATION ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SEPARATION AB A series of oligomeric fragments can be obtained by partial alkaline hydrolysis of cutin. The oligomers obtained from tomato cutin were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the major products were characterized as linear dimeric esters of omega,8-, omega,9-, and omega,10-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acids, the major monomers of tomato cutin. Analysis of the products obtained from tomato cutin by treatment with cutinase suggests an exo mode of depolymerization for this enzyme. RP OSMAN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2134 EP 2137 DI 10.1021/jf00056a033 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RR802 UT WOS:A1995RR80200033 ER PT J AU ALMAHMOUD, MS FORD, SP SHORT, RE FARLEY, DB CHRISTENSON, L ROSAZZA, JPN AF ALMAHMOUD, MS FORD, SP SHORT, RE FARLEY, DB CHRISTENSON, L ROSAZZA, JPN TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VASOACTIVE LIPIDS FROM THE NEEDLES OF PINUS-PONDEROSA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE VASOACTIVE LIPIDS; PINUS PONDEROSA ID RANGE CATTLE; FATTY-ACIDS; RESIN ACIDS; BEEF-COWS; ABORTION; INGESTION; MICE AB Ingestion of ponderosa pine needles by late-pregnant cattle causes premature parturition induced by a profound and progressive decrease in uterine blood flow. In vitro perfused placentomes obtained from late-pregnant cows were used in the bioassay-guided fractionation of Pinus ponderosa pine needles to isolate a new class of vasoactive lipid substances. Chromatographically inseparable mixtures of active compounds were isolated by Soxhlet extraction and flash column chromatography. The structures of intact myristate and/or laurate diesters of 1,14-tetradecanediol or 1,12-dodecanediol in these extracts were determined by H-1 and C-13 NMR, IR, and high- and low-resolution FAB mass spectrometric analyses. Saponification of small samples of isolated diesters, derivatization, and GC/MS verified major components as lauric and myristic acids and 1,14-tetradecanediol. Structures of individual components of mixtures of lipids were confirmed by MS-MS analysis. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL PHARM,CTR BIOCATALYSIS & BIOPROC,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,COLL PHARM,DIV MED & NAT PROD CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RI Christenson, Lane/G-6435-2013 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2154 EP 2161 DI 10.1021/jf00056a037 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RR802 UT WOS:A1995RR80200037 ER PT J AU DESJARDINS, AE MCCORMICK, SP CORSINI, DL AF DESJARDINS, AE MCCORMICK, SP CORSINI, DL TI DIVERSITY OF SESQUITERPENES IN 46 POTATO CULTIVARS AND BREEDING SELECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; POTATO BREEDING; SESQUITERPENES; GLOBODERA ROSTOCHIENSIS ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; PHYTOALEXINS; RESISTANCE; DETOXIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ELICITORS; TUBERS; ROT AB Rishitin, lubimin, and solavetivone were the major sesquiterpenes found in 46 cultivars and breeding selections of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Concentrations of total sesquiterpenes were low or undetectable in untreated tuber slices, but ranged from 5 to 101 mu g/g of fresh weight 4 days after treatment with the elicitor arachidonic acid. Seven genotypes produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher sesquiterpene concentrations than Russet Burbank (17 mu g/g), a widely grown commercial cultivar. More than half of the genotypes tested were significantly (P < 0.01) different from Russet Burbank in sesquiterpene composition due to higher ratios of lubimin or solavetivone, both of which are reported to be biosynthetic precursors of rishitin. The highest ratios of solavetivone to total sesquiterpenes were strongly correlated with derivation from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 1673, which confers the H1 gene for resistance to the golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). C1 UNIV IDAHO,CTR RES & EXTENS,USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP DESJARDINS, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2267 EP 2272 DI 10.1021/jf00056a056 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RR802 UT WOS:A1995RR80200056 ER PT J AU MERVOSH, TL SIMS, GK STOLLER, EW ELLSWORTH, TR AF MERVOSH, TL SIMS, GK STOLLER, EW ELLSWORTH, TR TI CLOMAZONE SORPTION IN SOIL - INCUBATION-TIME, TEMPERATURE, AND SOIL-MOISTURE EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CLOMAZONE; SORPTION; BIODEGRADATION; VOLATILIZATION ID DESORPTION; KINETICS; DEGRADATION; PERSISTENCE; ACID AB Sorption-desorption of the herbicide clomazone in a silty clay loam soil was evaluated for time, temperature, and moisture dependence. In unsaturated soil, clomazone sorption peaked at different times depending on incubation temperature. Soil moisture had little effect on clomazone sorption. The apparent K-d increased (2.4-fold at 5 degrees C and 4.1-fold at 35 degrees C) throughout the 84-day incubation period. Clomazone extractable with water in 15 min decreased with incubation time, while that recovered between 15 min and 24 h was essentially constant. Desorption kinetics were well characterized with a simple radial diffusion model by adjusting a single parameter (concentration of the labile pool). Batch equilibrium sorption isotherms (saturated soil) were temperature independent (5-35 degrees C). The data indicate that the time-dependent sorption of clomazone in unsaturated soil is controlled by a temperature-dependent process. Clomazone losses from solution explained much of the increase in apparent K-d over time. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,CHICAGO,IL 60680. USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2295 EP 2300 DI 10.1021/jf00056a062 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RR802 UT WOS:A1995RR80200062 ER PT J AU RATHJE, TA JOHNSON, RK LUNSTRA, DD AF RATHJE, TA JOHNSON, RK LUNSTRA, DD TI SPERM PRODUCTION IN BOARS AFTER 9 GENERATIONS OF SELECTION FOR INCREASED WEIGHT OF TESTIS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOAR; SPERMATOZOA; SELECTION; TESTES ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CORRELATED RESPONSES; ANIMAL-MODELS; SIZE; REPRODUCTION AB Body, testis, and epididymis weights were recorded and homogenization-resistant sperm nuclei were counted to determine daily sperm production and the number of sperm stored within the cauda epididymis (CAUDASP) in 145 boars of a control line (C) and 128 boars of a line selected for increased predicted weight of testis (TS) at 150 d of age. Random samples of boars were evaluated at five ages between 70 and 450 d in Generation 8 and 15 ages between 70 and 296 d in Generation 9. Data were analyzed using an animal model that included the fixed effect of line and the linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of age. Variance components were estimated using a DFREML algorithm. Boars of the TS and C line did not differ in body weight (P > .05) in Generation 8. In Generation 9, boars of line TS were heavier between 118 and 198 d of age (P < .001); thereafter, body weights of the lines were similar (P > .05). The increase in organ weights for the testes and epididymides between 70 and 160 d of age were greater (P < .01) for boars of line TS in each generation, and differences between the lines in testis weights established around puberty were maintained at 450 d of age. Daily sperm production and CAUDASP increased more rapidly at younger ages and plateaued at greater values (P < .05) in boars of line TS. At ages less than 200 d, boars of line TS produced more sperm per gram of parenchyma than control boars. Selection for greater predicted weight of paired testes resulted in increased body weight at younger ages, increased daily sperm cell production at all ages, and larger numbers of sperm stored in the cauda epididymis of young boars. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP RATHJE, TA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2177 EP 2185 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RN309 UT WOS:A1995RN30900002 PM 8567450 ER PT J AU HARDER, RR LUNSTRA, DD JOHNSON, RK AF HARDER, RR LUNSTRA, DD JOHNSON, RK TI GROWTH OF TESTES AND TESTICULAR MORPHOLOGY AFTER 8 GENERATIONS OF SELECTION FOR INCREASED PREDICTED WEIGHT OF TESTES AT 150 DAYS OF AGE IN BOARS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; SELECTION; TESTES; SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES; LEYDIG CELLS ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; SPERM PRODUCTION; BEEF BULLS; TRAITS; SWINE; PIG AB Weights of testes and epididymides, body weight, and morphometric measurements of testicular tissue of 75 boars of a line selected for eight generations for predicted weight of testes at 150 d of age and 75 boars of a randomly selected control line were used to evaluate the effects of selection an testicular development at 70, 100, 130, 160, and 450 d of age (n = 15 boars per line per age). Body weights for boars of the select and control line did not differ (P < .05) and the shape of-the body growth curve was similar for both lines. Boars of the select line had larger testes than control boars at each age(P < .05), but there was a significant line x age interaction. The percentage increase of the select line mean over the control mean for weight of testes was 37% at 70 d, a maximum of 120% at 100 d, and 25% at 450 d. The percentage of the testes made up of seminiferous tubules differed between lines (P < .01). Lines had similar means of approximately 28% at 70 d and 71% at 450 d, but the mean for the select line was larger between 100 and 160 d of age; the greatest difference was 11.6% (control = 43.1, select = 55.3%) at 100 d. After 70 d of age, select-line boars had a greater percentage of seminiferous tubules with lumens that contained elongated spermatids (P < .10). The proportion of the testes occupied by Leydig cells was greatest at 70 d, declined sharply between 70 and 130 d with a sharper decline in select-line boars, and then declined more gradually from 130 to 450 d of age. We conclude that selection for weight of testes at 150 d resulted in lower age at puberty for boars of the select line. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP HARDER, RR (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2186 EP 2192 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RN309 UT WOS:A1995RN30900003 PM 8567451 ER PT J AU GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC (CO)VARIANCES FOR PRODUCTION TRAITS OF INTACT MALE POPULATIONS OF PUREBRED AND COMPOSITE BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; GROWTH; CALVING DIFFICULTY; HERITABILITIES; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS ID ADVANCED GENERATIONS; GROWTH TRAITS; HETEROSIS; BREED; WEIGHT AB Least squares means, genetic (sigma(g)) and phenotypic (sigma(p)) Standard deviations, and phenotypic coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated for growth traits of intact males from 12 breed groups combined, for nine purebreds combined, and for the F-1, F-2, F-3, and F-4 generations of three composite populations to which the nine purebreds contributed. Heritabilities (h(2)) and genetic (r(g)) and phenotypic (r(p)) correlations were estimated for growth traits, calving difficulty of calves with dams of different ages, and gestation length. Coefficients of variation and ag generally were similar for composites and contributing purebreds. Generally, estimates of h(2) were similar for all breed groups combined, contributing purebreds combined, and composites combined. Estimates of h(2) for calving difficulty were higher for calves with 2-yr-old dams than for calves with dams greater than or equal to 3 yr old and were sufficiently high (.27 and .31) to be a useful selection criterion for reducing calving difficulty. Mean h(2) pooled within all breed groups ranged from .35 for 200-d weight and 368-d weight to .48 for 368-d height. Estimates of h(2) for subjective scores of anatomical traits were only slightly lower than those for growth and size traits. The h(2) of scrotal circumference (.43) was similar to those for growth and size traits. Genetic correlations between birth weight and calving difficulty were similar for 1) calves with darns of all ages, 2) calves with 2-yr-old dams, and 3) calves with dams greater than or equal to 3 yr old. The r(g) of gestation length with birth weight was low (.21) and was .57 and .54, respectively, with calving difficulty score and with percentage calving difficulty for calves with darns 2 3 yr old. Phenotypic correlations were relatively high among growth and size traits and were intermediate between birth weight and both expressions of calving difficulty in calves with 2-yr-old darns (.53 and .42) but were lower for calves with dams in other age classes. RP GREGORY, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2227 EP 2234 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RN309 UT WOS:A1995RN30900009 PM 8567457 ER PT J AU GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC (CO)VARIANCES FOR PRODUCTION TRAITS OF INTACT FEMALE POPULATIONS OF PUREBRED AND COMPOSITE BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; GROWTH; CALVING DIFFICULTY; HERITABILITIES; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS ID ADVANCED GENERATIONS; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; GROWTH TRAITS; HETEROSIS; BREED; WEIGHT; PUBERTY AB Least squares means, genetic and phenotypic standard deviations, and phenotypic coefficients of variation were estimated for growth, size, condition score, age at puberty, gestation length, and calving difficulty as traits of individual females from 12 breed groups combined, for nine purebreds combined, and for the F-1, F-2, and F-3 generations of three composite populations to which the nine purebreds contributed. Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for growth and size traits, age at puberty, gestation length, and calving difficulty of calves with darns of different ages. Coefficients of variation and genetic standard deviations were similar for composites and contributing purebreds for the traits evaluated. Generally, estimates of heritability were similar for all breed groups combined, contributing purebreds combined, and composites combined. Estimates of heritability for calving difficulty were higher for calves with 2-yr-old dams than for calves with dams greater than or equal to 3 yr old and were sufficiently high (.33 and .26) to be a useful selection criterion for reducing calving difficulty. Estimate of heritability for age at puberty was .31 and for gestation length was .45. The r(g) between birth weight and calving difficulty score was higher for calves with 2-yr-old dams (.59) than for calves with dams greater than or equal to 3 yr old (.44). The higher genetic correlation between birth weight and calving difficulty score (.59) in calves with 2-yr-old dams than between birth weight:and 368-d weight (.33) suggests opportunity to reduce calving difficulty by reducing birth weight while maintaining 368-d weight. The genetic correlation of gestation length with birth weight was intermediate (.30) and the genetic correlation between gestation length and calving difficulty score was not important (-.07) in calves with dams greater than or equal to 3 yr. Phenotypic correlations were generally lower than genetic correlations among growth and size traits and the phenotypic correlation was intermediate between birth weight and calving difficulty score in calves with 2-yr-old dams (.43). RP GREGORY, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2235 EP 2242 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RN309 UT WOS:A1995RN30900010 PM 8567458 ER PT J AU VANDENHEMELGROOTEN, HNA KOOHMARAIE, M YEN, JT ARBONA, JR RATHMACHER, JA NISSEN, SL FIOROTTO, ML GARSSEN, GJ VERSTEGEN, MWA AF VANDENHEMELGROOTEN, HNA KOOHMARAIE, M YEN, JT ARBONA, JR RATHMACHER, JA NISSEN, SL FIOROTTO, ML GARSSEN, GJ VERSTEGEN, MWA TI COMPARISON BETWEEN 3-METHYLHISTIDINE PRODUCTION AND PROTEINASE ACTIVITY AS MEASURES OF SKELETAL-MUSCLE BREAKDOWN IN PROTEIN-DEFICIENT GROWING BARROWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; DIETARY PROTEIN; METHYLHISTIDINE; PROTEINASES; GROWTH; SKELETAL MUSCLE ID ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; N-TAU-METHYLHISTIDINE; MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; COMPLEX PROTEASOME; MYOFIBRILLAR; TURNOVER; QUANTIFICATION; CALPAINS; GROWTH AB This experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between S-methylhistidine (3MH) production and proteinase activity in skeletal muscles of growing barrows, Barrows at 13 wk of age were randomly assigned to either control diet available on an ad libitum basis (21% of ME consisted of protein; control group), control diet fed restricted (pair-fed with barrows in protein-free group; intake-restricted group), or protein-free diet available on an ad libitum basis (protein-free group) for 14 d. During the last 3 d, blood samples were collected for determination of 3MH production rate, which is a measure of myofibrillar protein breakdown. At slaughter, two muscles were taken: masseter (M) and longissimus (L) muscles. The muscle samples were analyzed for calpastatin, p-calpain, m-calpain, multicatalytic proteinase (MCP), cathepsin B, cathepsins B+L, and cystatins activities. Both muscles were also analyzed for amounts of DNA, RNA, total protein, and myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. Growth rate (kilograms/day) was influenced by dietary treatments (P < .05). Fractional breakdown rate (FBR, percentage/day) of skeletal muscle, as calculated from 3MH production rate (micromoles . kilogram(-1). day(-1)), was 27% higher for the protein-free group than for the control group. However, no differences in proteinase activities were observed, except for lower MCP activity in the M muscle of the protein-free group than in that of the other groups (P < .05). In the present study, no direct relation was observed between myofibrillar protein degradation rate and proteinase activities in skeletal muscle during a protein-free feeding strategy. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT ANIM NUTR,6708 PM WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP VANDENHEMELGROOTEN, HNA (reprint author), DLO,ANIN SCI & HLTH RES INST,ID,RES BRANCH ZEIST,POB 501,3700 AM ZEIST,NETHERLANDS. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2272 EP 2281 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RN309 UT WOS:A1995RN30900015 PM 8567463 ER PT J AU ONO, Y SOLOMON, MB EVOCKCLOVER, CM STEELE, NC MARUYAMA, K AF ONO, Y SOLOMON, MB EVOCKCLOVER, CM STEELE, NC MARUYAMA, K TI EFFECTS OF PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN ADMINISTRATION ON PORCINE MUSCLES LOCATED WITHIN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE BODY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MUSCLE FIBERS; PIGS; SOMATOTROPIN; GROWTH ID KILOGRAMS LIVE WEIGHT; 3 FIBER TYPES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GROWING-PIGS; GROWTH-HORMONE; PERFORMANCE; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; PROTEIN; SEX AB This research was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of muscle fiber growth and the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST; 100 mu g . kg(-1) BW . d(-1)) administration on the morphology of 12 muscles located in different regions of the body in barrows growing from 20 to 90 kg BW. In the course of the growth of control pigs, the percentage distribution of beta R fibers did not; show any changes in all 12 muscles, whereas the percentage of alpha R and alpha W fibers changed in different patterns in different muscles. The administration of pST had no effect on fiber type distribution. The cross-sectional area of alpha W fibers was the largest of the three fiber types, and beta R and alpha R fibers were of similar size in all muscles. All fiber dtypes in all muscles increased in cross-sectional area by an average of 120% from 20 to 60 kg BW. After 60 kg BW, the growth of alpha W fibers in seven (early maturing) muscles and alpha R fibers in one muscle out of the 12 muscles was not apparent. The increase of their cross-sectional area was an average of 12%, but the area of the other muscle fibers continued to increase by an average of 38% until 90 kg BW. The administration of pST increased the area of alpha W fibers in four out of seven of these early-maturing muscles by an average of 25%, suggesting some possible relationships between pST effects and the rate of muscle fiber maturation. Most of the muscles that responded to pST treatment were located in hindlimb region. C1 USDA ARS,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVATLUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2282 EP 2288 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RN309 UT WOS:A1995RN30900016 PM 8567464 ER PT J AU BHADURI, S BUCHANAN, RL PHILLIPS, JG AF BHADURI, S BUCHANAN, RL PHILLIPS, JG TI EXPANDED RESPONSE-SURFACE MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURES, PH, SODIUM-CHLORIDE CONTENTS AND SODIUM-NITRITE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE GROWTH-RATE OF YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SQUARE ROOT; ACIDULANT AB The previously reported data set for the low temperature(5, 12 and 19 degrees C) of Yersinia enterocolitica was expanded to include higher abusive temperature (28, 37 and 42 degrees C). In addition to temperature, the data set included the effects and interactions of pH (4.5-8.5), sodium chloride (0.5-5%) and sodium nitrite (0-200 mu g ml(-1)) on the aerobic growth of Y. enterocolitica in brain heart infusion broth. Growth curves were modeled by fitting viable count data to the Gompertz equation. Quadratic models of natural logarithm transformations of the Gompertz B and M values and the derived values for lag phase durations and generation times were obtained using response surface analyses. Predictions based on the models for B and M values were comparable to predictions based on the derived values. These revised models provide an expanded means for rapidly estimating how the bacterium is likely to respond to any combination of the four variables within the specified ranges. C1 USDA ARS,N ATLANTIC AREA OFF,PHILADELPHIA,PA. RP BHADURI, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 79 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb00930.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RN942 UT WOS:A1995RN94200008 PM 7592111 ER PT J AU KEYS, RN BUCHMANN, SL SMITH, SE AF KEYS, RN BUCHMANN, SL SMITH, SE TI POLLINATION EFFECTIVENESS AND POLLINATION EFFICIENCY OF INSECTS FORAGING PROSOPIS-VELUTINA IN SOUTH-EASTERN ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; EFFICIENCY; MEGACHILIDAE; PERDITA; POLLINATION; SYRPHIDAE; MESQUITE ID MESQUITE; BIOLOGY; TREES; AREAS; SOIL AB 1. The genus Prosopis consists of woody leguminous trees and shrubs of interest for fuelwood and agroforestry purposes in arid and semi-arid regions. Prosopis velutina is common to the south-western United States and northern Mexico. Its flowers are an important food source for several native insects, as well as Apis mellifera used in the honey industry. This paper examines plant-pollinator interactions, and provides the first quantification of pollination effectiveness and pollination efficiency of several groups of insects that forage on P. velutina in the Sonoran Desert near Tucson, Arizona. 2. Pollination effectiveness is defined as a measure of an insect's potential as a pollen vector, as reflected by its ability to effect fruit production significantly. Pollination effectiveness of small insects, determined by covering inflorescences with mesh bags with 3 mm pore size, was equal to that on completely open-pollinated inflorescences. Pollination effectiveness of nocturnal insects, determined by exposing inflorescences to visitation only at night, was nonsignificant. However, actual activity of nocturnal insects was not monitored. 3. Pollination efficiency is defined as the relative ability of an insect to pollinate flowers effectively, as measured by fruit production per some unit of measure (i.e. per visit). Three measures of pollination efficiency based on pod production per visit (Spears' PE), per minute on the inflorescence (PE(t)), and per unit of distance traversed on the inflorescence (PE(d)), were determined for A. mellifera, Chalicodoma spp., Colletidae, Perdita spp. and Volucella spp. Chalicodoma spp. were most efficient according to Spears' PE and PE(t). Perdita spp. and Volucella spp. were equally as efficient as A. mellifera. Colletidae had the lowest values for all three measures of PE. The results are discussed in regard to interactions between floral development and insect behaviour. 4. When considering the number of visits required by a particular insect to effect pod production equal to that of open-pollinated inflorescences, native Chalicodoma spp., Perdita spp. and Volucella spp, were more efficient than the introduced A. mellifera. 5. Implications of the results with regard to conservation of biological diversity in natural ecosystems, and utilization of insects in pod or seed production orchards, are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP KEYS, RN (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.2307/2404649 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RQ015 UT WOS:A1995RQ01500007 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, T INSOGNA, K GLORIEUX, F TRAVERS, R CAREY, D HORST, R COMITE, F KELLER, M AF CARPENTER, T INSOGNA, K GLORIEUX, F TRAVERS, R CAREY, D HORST, R COMITE, F KELLER, M TI 24,25(OH)2D3 AMELIORATES HYPERPARATHYROIDISM AND IMPROVES SKELETAL FINDINGS IN X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. SHRIVERS HOSP,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. USDA,NADC,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S300 EP S300 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48400647 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, SS FINNERAN, S AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, SS FINNERAN, S TI CALCIUM-ABSORPTION ON HIGH AND LOW-CALCIUM INTAKES IN RELATION TO VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR GENOTYPE SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48400094 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC SHAO, A BRADLEY, J WOOD, RJ AF FLEET, JC SHAO, A BRADLEY, J WOOD, RJ TI RETINOIC ACID ENHANCES TRANSEPITHELIAL CALCIUM-TRANSPORT ACROSS MONOLAYERS OF THE HUMAN INTESTINAL-CELL LINE, CACO-2 SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S287 EP S287 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48400593 ER PT J AU HARRIS, SS DAWSONHUGHES, B AF HARRIS, SS DAWSONHUGHES, B TI TOTAL-BODY SCANS ON THE LUNAR DPX-L - WHO FITS IN THE SCAN FIELD SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S475 EP S475 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48401346 ER PT J AU KIEL, DP ROUBENOFF, R HANNAN, MT HARRIS, TB FELSON, DT AF KIEL, DP ROUBENOFF, R HANNAN, MT HARRIS, TB FELSON, DT TI THE ASSOCIATION OF PERIPHERAL WBC DERIVED INTERLEUKIN-1 (IL-1) TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR (TNF), INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) WITH BONE-MINERAL DENSITY (BMD) IN A LARGE COHORT STUDY SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIA,HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA 02118. USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,CTR ARTHRITIS,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S466 EP S466 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48401310 ER PT J AU KIEL, DP KONG, XF ZHU, XH ORDOVAS, J FELSON, DT MYERS, RH EISMAN, JA SAMBROOK, PN NGUYEN, TV HOLICK, MF AF KIEL, DP KONG, XF ZHU, XH ORDOVAS, J FELSON, DT MYERS, RH EISMAN, JA SAMBROOK, PN NGUYEN, TV HOLICK, MF TI POLYMORPHISMS AT THE VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR (VDR) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BONE-MINERAL DENSITY (BMD) IN YOUNGER BUT NOT OLDER PERSONS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOSTON UNIV,MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02215. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TUFTS UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02131. GARVAN INST,SYDNEY,AUSTRALIA. RI Nguyen, Tuan/B-6147-2008; Eisman, John/C-2886-2014 OI Nguyen, Tuan/0000-0002-3246-6281; NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S189 EP S189 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48400202 ER PT J AU KING, D SABAN, J BOLT, D PATWARDHAN, A SCHNEIDER, G AF KING, D SABAN, J BOLT, D PATWARDHAN, A SCHNEIDER, G TI PRODUCTION OF GROWTH-HORMONE BY ERYTHROID-CELLS INCREASES OSTEOGENESIS IN TRANSGENIC MICE SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FUHS,CHICAGO MED SCH,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. LOYOLA UNIV,STRITCH SCH MED,MAYWOOD,IL 60153. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S173 EP S173 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48400140 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B FOWLER, S GALLAGHER, JC DALSKY, G AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B FOWLER, S GALLAGHER, JC DALSKY, G TI BONE-MINERAL DENSITY AND SERUM OSTEOCALCIN LEVELS IN ELDERLY MEN AND WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. HENRY FORD HOSP,DETROIT,MI 48202. CREIGHTON UNIV,SCH MED,OMAHA,NE 68178. UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S469 EP S469 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48401319 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B MAYER, J AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B MAYER, J TI LONGITUDINAL BONE-MINERAL DENSITY CHANGE AND TOOTH LOSS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S469 EP S469 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48401321 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, KO ABRAMS, SA GAGEL, RF AF OBRIEN, KO ABRAMS, SA GAGEL, RF TI CALCIUM KINETICS ARE ALTERED IN ADULT AND YOUNG FEMALES FROM FAMILIES WITH HISTORIES OF OSTEOPOROSIS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S186 EP S186 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48400192 ER PT J AU TUCKER, K KIEL, DP HANNAN, MT FELSON, DT AF TUCKER, K KIEL, DP HANNAN, MT FELSON, DT TI MAGNESIUM INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH BONE-MINERAL DENSITY (BMD) IN ELDERLY WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,CTR ARTHRITIS,BOSTON,MA 02118. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S466 EP S466 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48401308 ER PT J AU ZHU, Y GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL AF ZHU, Y GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL TI PREGNANCY AND LACTATION INCREASE VITAMIN-D-DEPENDENT INTESTINAL-MEMBRANE CALCIUM-ATPASE AND CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS RES CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 SU 1 BP S391 EP S391 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RN484 UT WOS:A1995RN48401010 ER PT J AU MCDONOUGH, LM DAVIS, HG CHAPMAN, PS SMITHHISLER, CL AF MCDONOUGH, LM DAVIS, HG CHAPMAN, PS SMITHHISLER, CL TI CODLING MOTH, CYDIA-POMONELLA, (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) - IS ITS SEX-PHEROMONE MULTICOMPONENT SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CODLING MOTH; CYDIA POMONELLA; SEX PHEROMONE; (E,E)-8,10-DODECADIEN-1-OL ID SECONDARY COMPONENTS; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; FLIGHT TUNNEL AB When the nine identified components in the effluvium of calling female codling moths were compared to pure synthetic (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol in Right-tunnel tests, equal responses were obtained over a concentration range of 300-fold. When synthetic (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol was compared to extract of female sex pheromone glands by a male wing-flutter bioassay, or in Right-tunnel tests, equal responses were obtained over a concentration range of 1000-fold. The sum total of these and previous studies indicate that the codling moth sex pheromone consists of only one component. RP MCDONOUGH, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1007/BF02228311 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RV363 UT WOS:A1995RV36300001 PM 24234517 ER PT J AU LOUGHRIN, JH MANUKIAN, A HEATH, RR TUMLINSON, JH AF LOUGHRIN, JH MANUKIAN, A HEATH, RR TUMLINSON, JH TI VOLATILES EMITTED BY DIFFERENT COTTON VARIETIES DAMAGED BY FEEDING BEET ARMYWORM LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEET ARMYWORM; SPODOPTERA EXIGUA; COTTON; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; VOLATILE COMPOUND; TERPENE; PLANT INSECT INTERACTION ID IDENTIFICATION; PLANT AB Volatile compounds elicited by insect herbivore feeding damage in five cotton cultivars and one naturalized cotton variety were examined by allowing beet armyworm larvae to feed overnight on leaves and collecting volatiles from the plants in situ. Of 23 compounds identified from larval damaged leaves, terpenes and lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase-derived volatiles predominated. No pronounced differences in the levels of volatile emission were noted from leaves of undamaged plants of the different varieties. However, average volatile emission from damaged leaves of the naturalized variety was almost sevenfold higher than from damaged leaves of the commercial cultivars. This was despite the fact that larvae preferred feeding on the leaves of commercial cultivars over those of the naturalized variety in choice tests. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 22 TC 169 Z9 187 U1 2 U2 23 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1217 EP 1227 DI 10.1007/BF02228321 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RV363 UT WOS:A1995RV36300011 PM 24234527 ER PT J AU LI, H SHEN, DT OTOOLE, D KNOWLES, DP GORHAM, JR CRAWFORD, TB AF LI, H SHEN, DT OTOOLE, D KNOWLES, DP GORHAM, JR CRAWFORD, TB TI INVESTIGATION OF SHEEP-ASSOCIATED MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER VIRUS-INFECTION IN RUMINANTS BY PCR AND COMPETITIVE-INHIBITION ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCELAPHINE HERPESVIRUS-1; COLOSTRAL LEUKOCYTES; DNA; POLYMERASE; ANTIGENS; CATTLE; AGENT AB Development of control measures for the gammaherpesviral disease of cattle known as sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) has been hampered by a lack of accurate diagnostic tests either for the causative virus or for antibody against that virus. A recently developed competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) for the detection of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus (MCFV) in ruminants based on a monoclonal antibody to a widely conserved epitope of MCFV (H. Li, D, T, Shen, D. P, Knowles, J, R Gorham, and T. B. Crawford, J. Clin, Microbiol, 32:1674-1679, 1994) and a PCR assay based on previously reported primers (S, I, F, Baxter, I, Pow, A Bridgen, and H, W. Reid, Arch. Virol. 132:145-159, 1993) were used to detect anti-MCFV antibody and SA-MCFV DNA in sheep and other ruminants, The PCR amplified a specific 238-bp SA-MCFV genomic DNA fragment from peripheral blood lymphocytes of adult sheep and other ruminants with clinical MCF, Of 144 samples from randomly selected healthy adult sheep, 143 (99%) were positive by PCR and 136 (94%) were positive by CI-ELISA, The agreement between the two assays exceeded 95%. Of nine samples collected from cattle and deer with clinical MCF of apparent sheep origin, seven were CI-ELISA positive and all 9 were PCR positive. Among 59 serum samples from presuckling lambs, none contained antibody detectable by CI-ELISA, After suckling maternal anti-MCFV antibody was detectable for about 10 +/- 3 weeks, Although all colostrum and milk samples from infected ewes were strongly PCR positive, the appearance of detectable SA-MCFV DNA in lambs was correlated generally with antibody patterns, which suggests that the natural infection event in sheep may not occur during the perinatal period hut occurs sometime later in life. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV WYOMING,STATE VET LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82070. NR 34 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2048 EP 2053 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RJ052 UT WOS:A1995RJ05200015 PM 7559946 ER PT J AU FRATAMICO, PM SACKITEY, SK WIEDMANN, M DENG, MY AF FRATAMICO, PM SACKITEY, SK WIEDMANN, M DENG, MY TI DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157/H7 BY MULTIPLEX PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; CAUSE HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; TOXIN GENES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INFANTILE DIARRHEA; EAE GENE; O157-H7; STRAINS; PLASMID AB In order to develop a PCR assay for Escherichia coli O157:H7, a portion of the 60-MDa plasmid harbored by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) was sequenced and PCR primers were designed. A multiplex PCR method was then designed by employing primers specific for the EHEC eaeA gene, conserved sequences of Shiga-like toxins I (SLT-I) and LI (SLT-II), and the 60-MDa plasmid. PCR products of 1,087 bp (eaeA), 227 and/or 224 bp (SLT-I and/or SLT-II), and 166 bp (plasmid) were successfully amplified simultaneously in a single reaction. The multiplex PCR method can be used to specifically identify EHEC of serogroup O157. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP FRATAMICO, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662 NR 25 TC 162 Z9 176 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2188 EP 2191 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RJ052 UT WOS:A1995RJ05200045 PM 7559976 ER PT J AU SCHUTZ, MM VANRADEN, PM WIGGANS, GR NORMAN, HD AF SCHUTZ, MM VANRADEN, PM WIGGANS, GR NORMAN, HD TI STANDARDIZATION OF LACTATION MEANS OF SOMATIC-CELL SCORES FOR CALCULATION OF GENETIC EVALUATIONS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATIC CELL; STANDARDIZATION; GENETIC EVALUATION; AGE ADJUSTMENT ID MILK-YIELD; ANIMAL-MODEL; COUNTS; PROTEIN; FAT; VARIANCE; COWS AB Sample day records of means of somatic cell scores were analyzed to develop adjustments to standardize records for length of lactation. Estimates for effect of DIM were from a model that included random lactation and cow effects for lactations to date of 753,929 Holsteins and 21,842 Jerseys calving in Pennsylvania or Wisconsin from 1987 to 1991. Lactation, cow, and residual variances were estimated using REML. Lactation and cow variances relative to a phenotypic variance of 1.00 were .57 and .31, respectively, for Holsteins and .52 and .35, respectively, for Jerseys. Estimates of effect of DIM were used to compute additive adjustments. Final lactation mean of somatic cell score at less than or equal to 305 DIM for 1,857,532 Holsteins and 113,998 Jerseys from all participating states were standardized for lactation length and analyzed to determine the national effects of calving age and the regional effects of calving month. Multiplicative adjustments were developed for calving age and additive adjustments for calving month. Sample day records of lactation means of somatic cell scores were used to estimate weights based on number of somatic cell sample days to account for the lower accuracy of short records for genetic evaluation. RP SCHUTZ, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1843 EP 1854 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RY238 UT WOS:A1995RY23800021 PM 8786268 ER PT J AU NORMAN, HD MEINERT, TR SCHUTZ, MM WRIGHT, JR AF NORMAN, HD MEINERT, TR SCHUTZ, MM WRIGHT, JR TI AGE AND SEASONAL EFFECTS ON HOLSTEIN YIELD FOR 4 REGIONS OF THE UNITED-STATES OVER TIME SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AGE ADJUSTMENT; CALVING SEASON AND AGE; YIELD; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT AB Multiplicative factors to adjust Holstein yield for age and season of calving were calculated and analyzed from 20 data files for region and time. Regions were 1) California, 2) Minnesota and Wisconsin, 3) New York and Pennsylvania, and 4) six southern states (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida). Time periods were calving years of 1964 to 1968, 1971 to 1975, 1976 to 1980, 1981 to 1985, and 1986 to 1990. The same statistical model was used that had been used to derive current USDA factors from 1964 to 1968 data. The number of lactation records for each data file ranged from 81,394 to 2,238,201 and increased with time. Effect of calving season on milk yield generally decreased with time; the largest decrease was for the southern region. Effect of calving age also generally decreased for recent data, and the largest decreases were for California. Updated factors to adjust yield for calving age and season are indicated for some regions. RP NORMAN, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1855 EP 1861 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RY238 UT WOS:A1995RY23800022 PM 8786269 ER PT J AU CALDERONE, NW SHIMANUKI, H AF CALDERONE, NW SHIMANUKI, H TI EVALUATION OF 4 SEED-DERIVED OILS AS CONTROLS FOR ACARAPIS-WOODI (ACARI, TARSONEMIDAE) IN COLONIES OF APIS-MELLIFERA (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS MELLIFERA; ACARAPIS WOODI; PEST MANAGEMENT; VEGETABLE OIL; HONEY BEE; TRACHEAL MITE ID HONEY BEE COLONIES; TRACHEAL MITES; VEGETABLE OIL; FORMIC-ACID; RENNIE; INFESTATION; MENTHOL; AMITRAZ AB Four seed-derived oils were evaluated in field trials as control agents for the parasitic tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), in colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.). Seventy-one honey bee colonies infested with the tracheal mite were each assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups or to a control group. Treatments were peanut, soybean, sunflower, or canola oil, delivered as patties after blending with confectioner sugar (2 parts sugar/1 part oil [wt:wt]). All 5 groups had similar mite prevalence values (proportion of infested bees) and parasite load scores (a measure of the number of mites per bee) before initiating treatment. Each colony received five 500-g patties delivered approximately every 14 d starting on 16 September 1992 and continuing until 1 December 1992. Mite prevalence values, parasite load scores, and colony weight gains (an indicator of honey production) were measured the following spring. Average mite prevalence values obtained on 4 and 5 May 1993 in the treated groups ranged from 0.015 to 0.027, compared with 0.094 in the control group. The mite prevalence value in each treatment group was less than the mite prevalence value in the control group. Similar differences were observed for parasite load scores. Differences in colony weight gains among the 5 groups were not significant. RP CALDERONE, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476 BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 805 EP 809 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800009 ER PT J AU VANDENBERG, JD GOETTEL, MS AF VANDENBERG, JD GOETTEL, MS TI CHALKBROOD SUSCEPTIBILITY AMONG ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) LARVAE REARED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASCOSPHAERA AGGREGATA; MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA; REARING; INSECT MYCOSIS ID ROTUNDATA HYMENOPTERA; BIOASSAY AB The effect of laboratory rearing temperature was related to chalkbrood susceptibility among larvae of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.). Bees were reared at several temperature regimes. Mortality was inversely correlated with warmer rearing temperatures. LC(50) estimates (spores per larva) for the 6 temperature treatments ranged from 34 at constant 23 degrees C to 8,511 at constant 37 degrees C. Slopes of probit regression lines ranged from 0.77 to 1.29. Larvae died more quickly with increasing dose for all temperature treatments except for constant 37 degrees C. Proportionally more cadavers sporulated with increasing dose for all treatments, but this proportion was lower on average for the warmer temperature treatments. Cadaver weight decreased with increasing dose, but was higher for bees reared at higher temperatures. Rearing temperature did not affect weight of adult females. Adult males reared at constant 37 degrees C were significantly smaller than those reared at other temperatures. Spores of Ascosphaera aggregata Skou were tested for germinability in vitro using each of the temperature regimes. Fungus spores germinated equally well at all of the temperature regimes tested, but germination was slower at cooler temperatures. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RI Van den Berg, Johnnie/M-7256-2013 OI Van den Berg, Johnnie/0000-0002-6831-3180 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 810 EP 814 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800010 ER PT J AU HENNEBERRY, TJ LINDEGREN, JE JECH, LF BURKE, RA AF HENNEBERRY, TJ LINDEGREN, JE JECH, LF BURKE, RA TI PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE), CABBAGE-LOOPER, AND BEET ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) PUPAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO STEINERNEMATID NEMATODES (RHABDITIDA, STEINERNEMATIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA; TRICHOPLUSIA NI; SPODOPTERA EXIGUA ID NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the susceptibility of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), pupae to 2 species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston and S. carpocapsae (Weiser). Uninjured pink bollworm pupae or pupae with a completely formed integument were not susceptible to nematode infection (>95% moth emergence). Pink bollworm pupae with pin-inflicted punctures, injuries from handling or incomplete integument formation, were susceptible to nematode infection. Uninjured cabbage looper and beet armyworm pupae were susceptible to infection by both nematode species. Spiracular orifices of cabbage looper and beet armyworm were elliptical in shape and larger than the circular shaped pink bollworm spiracular orifices. Spiracular orifice surface areas of cabbage looper pupae were larger than beet armyworm surface areas and beet armyworm were larger than those of pink bollworm. The results suggest a partial explanation for the lack of susceptibility of pink bollworm pupae to nematode infection. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP HENNEBERRY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 835 EP 839 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800014 ER PT J AU YOKOMI, RK TANG, YQ AF YOKOMI, RK TANG, YQ TI HOST PREFERENCE AND SUITABILITY OF 2 APHELINID PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA, APHELINIDAE) FOR APHIDS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON CITRUS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APHELINUS SPIRAECOLAE; APHIS SPIRAECOLA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID APHIDIIDAE; APPLE AB Laboratory tests were conducted to estimate the host preference and suitability of the aphelinid parasitoids, Aphelinus spiraecolae Evans and Schauff and Aphelinus gossypii Timberlake, for the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover; the spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch; and the black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe). Both parasitoids attacked all 3 host aphids in choice tests, but A. spiraecolae showed a preference for the spirea aphid; whereas Aphelinus gossypii preferred the melon aphid. Results were similar in no-choice tests. Adult emergence rate of A. spiraecolae was substantially higher when the spires aphid and the black citrus aphid were hosts compared with when the host was the melon aphid. A. spiraecolae female sex ratios were higher when the host was the spirea aphid than with the black citrus aphid or the melon aphid. Aphelinus gossypii adult emergence rates were higher on the melon aphid than on the spirea aphid or the black citrus aphid. Female sex ratios of Aphelinus gossypii were 70.2, 54.5, and 62.3% when reared on the melon aphid, spirea aphid, and the black citrus aphid, respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant. Development times of the aphelinids reared on the 3 aphid hosts were not significantly different. Adult biomass of A. spiraecolae was higher when reared on the spirea aphid (30.3 and 22.2 mu g for females and males, respectively) than on the melon aphid (23.1 and 17.9 mu g) or the black citrus aphid (28.8 and 22.0 mu g). Biomass of Aphelinus gossypii were higher when reared on the melon aphid (33.6 and 22.1 mu g for females and males, respectively) and the black citrus aphid (32.6 and 22.3 mu g) than on the spirea aphid (27.9 and 18.3 mu g). Based on these studies, we conclude that the spirea aphid was a preferred and suitable host for A. spiraecolae, whereas the melon aphid was a preferred host of Aphelinus gossypii under our test conditions. These aphelinids, therefore, may have potential to act in concert as natural enemies of aphids on citrus. RP YOKOMI, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 840 EP 845 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800015 ER PT J AU BARTELT, RJ VETTER, RS CARLSON, DG PETROSKI, RJ BAKER, TC AF BARTELT, RJ VETTER, RS CARLSON, DG PETROSKI, RJ BAKER, TC TI PHEROMONE COMBINATION LURES FOR CARPOPHILUS (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS; PHEROMONE COMBINATION; ATTRACTION; TRAPPING ID SAP BEETLES COLEOPTERA; FIELD-TESTS; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; ISRAEL AB Combinations of aggregation pheromones for 3 nitidulid beetle species, Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. mutilatus Erichson, and C. freemani Dobson, were evaluated as trap baits in a date garden in southern California. All possible 2- and 3-way combinations were compared with the single pheromones; fermenting whole wheat bread dough was present with ah pheromone treatments as a synergist, and dough by itself was the experimental control. Each species was strongly attracted to its own pheromone, and species specificity of the pheromones was high. Generally, responses to conspecific pheromones were not inhibited by the presence of other pheromones. Only for C. freemani was the 3-pheromone combination significantly less attractive than species pheromone tested alone, but the combination was still more attractive to C. freemanai than the control. A subsequent wind-tunnel study confirmed that the response of C. freemani to its pheromone could be reduced when the major Component of the C. mutilatus pheromone was present Two minor species at the test site, C. obsoletus Erichson and C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.), exhibited significant cross attraction to the pheromones of the major species in the field. This cross attraction was not hindered by the presence of pheromone combinations. The demonstrated effectiveness of the pheromone combinations would simplify the use of the pheromones for mass trapping. One multispecies lure type would replace a series of specific lures for individual species with no or slight loss of efficacy for any target species. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 864 EP 869 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800019 ER PT J AU NIWA, CG AF NIWA, CG TI EVALUATION OF COLOR STICKY PANELS FOR MONITORING MEGASTIGMUS-SPERMOTROPHUS (HYMENOPTERA, TORYMIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEGASTIGMUS SPERMOTROPHUS; MONITORING; SEED ORCHARD ID DOUGLAS-FIR; INSECTS; SEED AB Four colors and 3 types of colored sticky panels were tested for effectiveness adults of Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl. Panels (gold Rebell) were used to catch chalcids in 44 seed orchard blocks over a 4-yr period. Although the relationship between number of M. spermotrophus captured and subsequent seed damage was weak, a threshold of a cumulative average of 1 female per panel (until 10 d after cone pendency) accurately predicted damage in 89% of the cases. This monitoring system could be used as part of a decision process that includes other factors such as cone crop size, tree phenology, seed value, and the likelihood of a secondary pest outbreak. RP NIWA, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 955 EP 958 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800031 ER PT J AU DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G MAYER, D TERRY, I LI, DH AF DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G MAYER, D TERRY, I LI, DH TI VALIDATION OF PC-REDAPOL - FRUIT-SET PREDICTION MODEL FOR APPLES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS MELLIFERA; APPLE; POLLINATION; SIMULATION MODEL ID HYMENOPTERA; POLLINATION; APIDAE AB The personal computer version of the REDAPOL apple fruit set prediction model has been validated in Arizona and Washington orchards. The PC-REDAPOL computer simulation model is designed to predict the percentage of blossoms setting fruit on apple trees. PC-REDAPOL predictions were within the 95% CI of the actual average percentage of blossoms setting fruit in 16 out of 23 model validation tests. The model also accurately predicted fruit set on limbs where honey bee, Apis mellifera L., visitation and pollination were stopped at different points during bloom. PC-REDAPOL has all the features of the original REDAPOL model, plus additions such as the ability to update estimates of the honey bee foraging population on apple trees during a simulation, pest management information, and a degree-day calculator. The program runs on IBM compatible personal computers and is available on request. RP DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 965 EP 972 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800033 ER PT J AU DAY, ML HOGMIRE, HW BROWN, MW AF DAY, ML HOGMIRE, HW BROWN, MW TI BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ROSE LEAFHOPPER (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) ON APPLE IN WEST-VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EDWARDSIANA ROSAE; ROSE LEAFHOPPER; APPLE ID FENVALERATE AB Rose leafhopper, Edwardsiana rosae (L.), has 3 generations per year in eastern West Virginia. It overwinters and completes the Ist generation on rosaceous species such as multiflora rose. Adults of this generation migrate to apple where a 2nd and 3rd generation are produced. Seasonal monitoring at 2 locations for 2 yr revealed that adult populations peaked in mid-Tune (migration from other Rosaceae), early August, and early October. Nymphal populations peaked in early July and late August. Populations were lower at both locations in 1993 than in 1992. Esfenvalerate, endosulfan, and formetanate hydrochloride provided the most effective control. through 2 wk after treatment, resulting in the lowest accumulation of leafhopper days. Of the botanical insecticides evaluated, ryania was significantly more effective than sabadilla and pyrellin, and provided control comparable with the best synthetic insecticides. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1016 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800040 ER PT J AU WOOD, EA SEBESTA, EE WEBSTER, JA PORTER, DR AF WOOD, EA SEBESTA, EE WEBSTER, JA PORTER, DR TI RESISTANCE TO WHEAT CURL MITE (ACARI, ERIOPHYIDAE) IN GREENBUG-RESISTANT GAUCHO TRITICALE AND GAUCHO X WHEAT CROSSES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACARI; PLANT RESISTANCE; WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; VECTOR AB Greenbug-resistant 'Insave F.A.' rye, 'Gaucho' triticale, and crosses of Gaucho x wheat, Sel. 74G80-2 and Sel. 74G559-6, were compared with wheat cultivars for their reaction to the wheat curl mite, Eriophyes tulipae Keifer, the vector of wheat streak mosaic virus. It was previously observed that rye generally is more resistant to the mite than wheat. In our study, Gaucho, which is the product of an Insave F.A. rye x 'Chinese Spring' wheat cross, and wheat lines derived from Gaucho x wheat crosses, showed a high degree of resistance to the mite, whereas the susceptible entries exhibited severe mite damage symptoms including leaf curling and trapping and large numbers of mites. The wheat streak mosaic virus was transmitted to all test entries by heavy initial infestations of viruliferous mites. Light infestations of 5 mites per plant did not result in disease symptoms, except in mite-susceptible entries. The results also indicate that the source of wheat curl mite resistance in 'TAM 107' wheat, widely planted in wheat streak virus-prone areas of the Great Plains, traces back to Gaucho triticale. C1 USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1032 EP 1036 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800043 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR CARPENTER, JE AF WISEMAN, BR CARPENTER, JE TI GROWTH-INHIBITION OF CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE REARED ON RESISTANT CORN SILK DIETS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA ZEA; ANTIBIOSIS; DETERRENT; GROWTH INHIBITION; MAYSIN; PROTEIN ID MAIZE SILKS; MAYSIN AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine whether the growth inhibition response of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae on corn silks is a result of a feeding deterrent or other factors. Neonates and 4th and 5th instars were fed either pinto bean diet (control), a mixture of silks of 'Stowell's Evergreen' (susceptible), or 'Zapalote Chico 2451# P(C3)' (resistant) corn. The silks of Zapalote Chico inhibited growth, extended development time, and reduced weight of pupae when neonate and 4th instars were tested. Both consumption and amount of feces were less for neonates fed resistant silk diets, but not for 4th and 5th instars. Consumption and amount of feces excreted by 4th and 5th instars on both resistant and susceptible silk diets were greater than that of the pinto bean diet. The amount of protein in the feces excreted by 4th and 5th instars reared on resistant silk diets was substantially more than the amount of protein in the feces excreted by larvae reared on control diets. The percentage of protein:feces was substantially higher for Zapalote Chico (91.5%) than for Stowell's Evergreen, the susceptible entry (75.1%). The growth inhibition factor in resistant silks is likely caused by an antinutritive factor causing the larvae to excrete large amounts of protein. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1037 EP 1043 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RN348 UT WOS:A1995RN34800044 ER PT J AU REESE, RN DYBING, CD WHITE, CA PAGE, SM LARSON, JE AF REESE, RN DYBING, CD WHITE, CA PAGE, SM LARSON, JE TI EXPRESSION OF VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN (VSP-BETA) IN SOYBEAN RACEME TISSUES IN RESPONSE TO FLOWER SET SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; FLOWER ABORTION; VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN; CYTOKININ ID ABSCISSION; 6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE; GROWTH; GENES; POD AB Abortion of flowers and pods (> 25%) appears to be part of the normal developmental sequence in Glycine max [L.] Merr. Slow growth rates of seeds and pods, and development of an abscission zone in raceme tissues subtending flowers destined to abort contribute to this loss, but the processes leading to these events have not been elucidated. Rescue of soybean flowers destined to abort was accomplished by removal of proximal flowers and/or application of 1 mM benzyladenine (BA) before anthesis. Raceme tissues (axes and pedicels, including the abscission zone) subtending setting and aborting flowers were examined for differential protein expression to identify gene products that were directly associated with the induction of flower set. Induction to set was associated with increased protein concentrations, Transcription and translation of a soybean vegetative storage protein (VSP-beta) in the subtending raceme tissues was directly linked to flower set. Cytokinin application increased growth of raceme tissues independent of fruit set. A model system for future studies of regulation of soybean flower set and abortion is presented. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP REESE, RN (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MICROBIOL,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 46 IS 289 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.1093/jxb/46.8.957 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RQ707 UT WOS:A1995RQ70700008 ER PT J AU DROLESKEY, RE CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ DELOACH, JR AF DROLESKEY, RE CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ DELOACH, JR TI COLONIZATION OF CECAL MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM IN CHICKS TREATED WITH A CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURE OF 29 CHARACTERIZED BACTERIA - CONFIRMATION BY SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CHICKS; CECAL MUCOSUM; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SEM; CHICKS; CECAL MUCOSUM; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SEM ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIETARY LACTOSE; BROILER CHICKS; GUT MICROFLORA; INFECTION; PREVENTION; POULTS AB Bacterial colonization of cecal mucosal epithelium in 3-day-old chicks administered a characterized continuous-flow (CF) culture of 29 microorganisms on the day of hatch was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Extensive colonization of the mucosa was noted in the ceca of CF-treated chicks, with large colonies of bacteria located predominately within and between crypts. Cecal crypts from control chicks contained only thin strands of mucus with a few bacteria. Individual cells and clumps of bacteria were observed bound to the mucosal epithelium in both CF-treated and control chicks. Colonization by CF culture bacteria was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the cecal contents and increased resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium. RP DROLESKEY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 58 IS 8 BP 837 EP 842 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RQ829 UT WOS:A1995RQ82900002 ER PT J AU BRODSKY, MH DAVIDSON, CA DICKSON, JS PETTIS, MJ TIESO, TL AF BRODSKY, MH DAVIDSON, CA DICKSON, JS PETTIS, MJ TIESO, TL TI DELAYED-INCUBATION METHOD FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIMENS AND SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE METHODS; MICROBIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; FOODS; ENUMERATION AB Five laboratories compared the quantitative recovery of heterotrophic bacteria, yeasts and molds, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus from a variety of naturally contaminated food and water samples, using traditional incubation procedures and a delayed-incubation method. Refrigeration of inoculated media for up to 3 days prior to incubation was shown to be a viable option for many quantitative analyses, but needs to be validated for each application. Some inoculated media withstood refrigeration for up to 7 days prior to incubation without any detrimental effect on the recovery of target cells, while the incubation of other media for similar types of analyses could not be delayed even for 3 days. C1 PROV LAB PUBL HLTH NO ALBERTA, EDMONTON, AB, CANADA. USDA ARS, ULH US ANIMAL RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE USA. ASSOCIATED MILK PRODUCERS INC, NEW ULM, MN USA. STATE NEBRASKA DEPT AGR, LINCOLN, NE USA. RP BRODSKY, MH (reprint author), ONTARIO MINIST HLTH, LAB SERV BRANCH, TORONTO, ON M5W 1R5, CANADA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 58 IS 8 BP 884 EP 889 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RQ829 UT WOS:A1995RQ82900011 ER PT J AU LIGGETT, C PRAUSA, R HICKMAN, C AF LIGGETT, C PRAUSA, R HICKMAN, C TI NATIONAL FOREST TIMBER SALES - ISSUES AND OPTIONS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP LIGGETT, C (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,201 14TH ST & INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20050, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 93 IS 8 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RL922 UT WOS:A1995RL92200008 ER PT J AU CARTER, A AF CARTER, A TI THE FOREST SERVICE BUDGET PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP CARTER, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SW REG,517 GOLD AVE SW,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 93 IS 8 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RL922 UT WOS:A1995RL92200010 ER PT J AU SCHUSTER, EG AF SCHUSTER, EG TI PILT - ITS PURPOSE AND PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP SCHUSTER, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,ECON ASPECTS ECOSYST MANAGEMENT FOREST LANDS,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 93 IS 8 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RL922 UT WOS:A1995RL92200011 ER PT J AU THOMAS, RB LEWIS, J AF THOMAS, RB LEWIS, J TI AN EVALUATION OF FLOW-STRATIFIED SAMPLING FOR ESTIMATING SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOADS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODELS; RIVER LOADS; TIME AB Flow-stratified sampling is a new method for sampling water quality constituents such as suspended sediment to estimate loads. As with selection-at-list-time (SALT) and time-stratified sampling, flow-stratified sampling is a statistical method requiring random sampling, and yielding unbiased estimates of load and variance. It can be used to estimate event yields or to estimate mean concentrations in flow classes for detecting change over time or differences from water quality standards. Flow-stratified sampling is described and its variance compared with those of SALT and time-stratified sampling. Time-stratified sampling generally gives the smallest variance of the three methods for estimating storm yields. Flow-stratified sampling of individual storms may fail to produce estimates in some short-lived strata because they may have sample sizes of zero. SALT will tend to give small samples and relatively high variances for small storms. For longer and more complex hydrographs, having numerous peaks, flow-stratified sampling gives the lowest variance, and the SALT variance is lower than that of time-stratified sampling unless the sample size is very large. A desirable feature of flow-stratified sampling is that the variance can be reduced after sampling by splitting strata, particularly high flow strata that have been visited just once, and recalculating the total and variance. SALT has the potential to produce the lowest variance, but cannot be expected to do so with an auxiliary variable based on stage. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ARCATA,CA 95521. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 27 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(95)02699-P PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA RH480 UT WOS:A1995RH48000003 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, F AF TAYLOR, F TI BLEU CHEESE FLAVOR PRODUCTION BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION WITH ONLINE MONITORING BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PENICILLIUM; ROQUEFORT; BUTTERFAT; CREAM; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; 2-PENTANONE ID FAT-COATED MICROCAPSULES; METHYL KETONE PRODUCTION; PENICILLIUM-ROQUEFORTI; PR TOXIN; EREMOFORTIN-C; ACIDS AB Eight cultures of Penicillium roqueforti and related species were compared in shake-flask cultures on the basis of aroma. P. decumbens IFO 7091 was chosen as having the aroma closest to real Bleu cheese, and was used for fermentation studies. Gas chromatography was employed to obtain a continuous record of 2-pentanone concentration in the fermenter. Methyl ketones are characteristic of Bleu cheese flavor, and a subjective correlation was observed between the aroma of the fermenter off-gas and the 2-pentanone concentration measured. Cell growth and milk fat utilization increased consistently with increasing agitation and aeration, but 2-pentanone production did not correlate with growth and was maximum at intermediate values of agitation and aeration. The maximum 2-pentanone concentration, 100 ppm, was approximately ten times the concentration in Bleu cheese on a dry solids basis, Production of Bleu cheese flavor by submerged fermentation offers the opportunity for a new commercial value-added product from butterfat. RP TAYLOR, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,ENGN SCI RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1007/BF01569802 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RU955 UT WOS:A1995RU95500002 ER PT J AU JANG, EB AF JANG, EB TI EFFECTS OF MATING AND ACCESSORY-GLAND INJECTIONS ON OLFACTORY-MEDIATED BEHAVIOR IN THE FEMALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY, CERATITIS-CAPITATA SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OLFACTION; ACCESSORY GLAND; PHEROMONE; HOST ODOR; BEHAVIOR; MATING ID SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY; CULEX-TARSALIS; FLIES DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; OVIPOSITION; SUBSTANCES; RESPONSES; MOSQUITO; MALES; ODOR AB The female Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, exhibits a preferential switch in certain olfactory-mediated behaviors as a result of mating. Unmated, laboratory-reared, virgin females chose the odor of male-produced pheromone over host fruit odor (guava) in a dual-choice flight tunnel bioassay. Females continued to preferentially respond to the male pheromone for several weeks if not allowed to mate. Mated females chose the host fruit: odor over the male-produced pheromone and deposited significantly greater amounts of fertile eggs if given tbe opportunity. Virgin females injected with accessory gland fluid (AGF) from sexually mature males will ''switch'' their response from choosing the pheromone odor to choosing host fruit odor in the flight tunnel bioassay and exhibit egg-laying behavior typical of mated females. Significant differences in the number of female landings, time on the source (sphere) and number of eggs laid occurred when females were injected with AGF levels of 0.2 male equivalents or greater. Thus AGFs associated with sexually mature males contain factors that appear to influence olfactory-mediated flight behavior. RP JANG, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 22 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 8 BP 705 EP 710 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(95)00015-M PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA RN695 UT WOS:A1995RN69500009 ER PT J AU BLACKBURN, MB WAGNER, RM SHABANOWITZ, J KOCHANSKY, JP HUNT, DF RAINA, AK AF BLACKBURN, MB WAGNER, RM SHABANOWITZ, J KOCHANSKY, JP HUNT, DF RAINA, AK TI THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF 3 DIURETIC KININS FROM THE ABDOMINAL VENTRAL NERVE CORD OF ADULT HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIURESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NEUROPEPTIDE; MALPIGHIAN TUBULE ID LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; HOUSE CRICKET; LEUCOKININ-I; PEPTIDES; HORMONE AB Three novel diuretic peptides have been isolated and identified from the abdominal ventral nerve cord of the adult corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. The peptides belong to the kinin family of myotropic and diuretic peptides and have the following sequences: YFSPWGamide, VRFSPWGamide, and KVKFSAWGamide. These peptides, which we refer to as the helicokinins, are potent stimulators of secretion by the Malpighian tubules of Manduca sexta. All three of the helicokinins stimulated secretion by M. sexta tubules at concentrations below 10(-11) M. The helicokinins are the first kinins to be identified from a lepidopteran, and the first diuretic peptides to be identified specifically from the abdominal ventral nerve cord of any insect. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CHEM,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. RI Hunt, Donald/I-6936-2012 OI Hunt, Donald/0000-0003-2815-6368 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 8 BP 723 EP 730 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(95)00005-F PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA RN695 UT WOS:A1995RN69500012 ER PT J AU NOVOTNY, JA DUEKER, SR ZECH, LA CLIFFORD, AJ AF NOVOTNY, JA DUEKER, SR ZECH, LA CLIFFORD, AJ TI COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF BETA-CAROTENE METABOLISM IN AN ADULT VOLUNTEER SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; METABOLISM; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; STABLE ISOTOPE; KINETICS; HUMAN ID VITAMIN-A; HUMAN PLASMA; ABSORPTION; CONVERSION; TISSUES; MODEL AB Metabolism of a 73 mu mol oral dose of beta-carotene-d(8) in olive oil was determined from plasma beta-carotene-d(8) and retinol-d(4) concentration-time curves in an adult male. beta-Carotene-d(8) and retinol-d(4) concentrations in serial plasma were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Plasma beta-carotene-d(8) and retinol-d(4) concentration-time curves were described by a 5-term and a 3-term polyexponential equation, respectively, using an empirical description of beta-carotene metabolism. A physiologic compartmental model of beta-carotene metabolism was also constructed and tested. This model suggests that 22% of the beta-carotene dose is absorbed: 17.8% as intact beta-carotene and 4.2% as retinoid. Also, it suggests that both liver and enterocyte are important in converting beta-carotene to retinoid; 43% is converted in liver and 57% in enterocyte. Finally, it suggests that the mean residence time for beta-carotene is 51 days and that the 73 mu mole dose does not alter the fractional transfer coefficients of the system after absorption takes place. The issue of central versus eccentric cleavage of beta-carotene in humans can be studied with further modeling combined with use of appropriately labeled beta-carotene. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NCI,MATH BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK-43098] NR 41 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1825 EP 1838 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RR474 UT WOS:A1995RR47400018 PM 7595103 ER PT J AU CAPERNA, TJ CAMPBELL, RG BALLARD, MRM STEELE, NC AF CAPERNA, TJ CAMPBELL, RG BALLARD, MRM STEELE, NC TI SOMATOTROPIN ENHANCES THE RATE OF AMINO-ACID DEPOSITION BUT HAS MINIMAL IMPACT ON AMINO-ACID BALANCE IN GROWING PIGS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN METABOLISM; GROWTH HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; AMINO ACIDS; PIGS ID RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; ACCRETION RATES; ENERGY AB This experiment was conducted to establish the influence of porcine somatotropin on tissue distribution and deposition rates of amino acids in growing pigs. Barrows were treated daily with buffer or porcine somatotropin (100 mu/kg body wt) when they weighed between 30 and 64 kg (eight pigs/group). Pigs were restrictively fed so that the average food intake was 1.86 kg/d. The corn-soybean meal-skim milk-based diet contained 18% crude protein and 1.2% lysine, and was designed to meet muscle amino acid ratio profile with respect to lysine as the first limiting amino acid for growth. Tissue levels of eighteen amino acids were determined on lyophilized samples that were appropriately hydrolyzed and analyzed by HPLC. The concentrations (mg/g dry wt) of all amino acids were greater in carcass, skin, head and empty body of porcine somatotropin-treated pigs; amino acid concentration in viscera was not influenced by porcine somatotropin. However, when the concentration of each amino acid was expressed on a per unit protein basis, the amino acid profiles of control and porcine somatotropin-treated pigs were quite similar. The average deposition rate of each amino acid was increased similar to 67% by porcine somatotropin. When the deposition of each amino acid was calculated in relation to lysine, however, the pattern of amino acid utilization for growth was similar for control and porcine somatotropin-treated pigs; exceptions were arginine, glycine and tryptophan. The ratio of indispensable to dispensable amino acids that were deposited was also similar for control and porcine somatotropin-treated pigs. These data indicate that the synthesis rate of individual proteins can be influenced by porcine somatotropin, but the balance of amino acids remains largely unaffected, suggesting that the changes in protein and amino acid metabolism elicited by porcine somatotropin are consistent with normal growth processes. C1 HEARTLAND LYSINE INC,CHICAGO,IL 60631. RP CAPERNA, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 125 IS 8 BP 2104 EP 2113 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RN479 UT WOS:A1995RN47900009 PM 7643244 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC HALL, CB MARCHELLO, MJ AF LUKASKI, HC HALL, CB MARCHELLO, MJ TI BODY-TEMPERATURE AND THYROID-HORMONE METABOLISM OF COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COPPER; BODY TEMPERATURE; THYROXINE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; MONODEIODINASE; T-3 RECEPTORS; RAT ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE PRODUCTION; IRON-DEFICIENCY; COLD-EXPOSURE; DIETARY; THERMOREGULATION; 5'-DEIODINASE; NUCLEOTIDE; SELENIUM AB The hypothesis that the effects of copper deficiency on body temperature are mediated via the thyroid hormone system was examined in 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 240 to 250 g, matched by weight and fed ad libitum diets containing adequate (78.7 mu mol/kg), marginal (31.5 mu mol/kg), or deficient (<7.9 mu mol/kg) amounts of copper for 35 days. Anemia was not found in the copper-restricted groups. Plasma cholesterol concentrations increased (P < 0.05) and plasma copper, ceruloplasmin, and liver copper concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in the rats fed the copper-restricted diet as compared with the copper-adequate diet. Cytochrome c oxidase and glutathione peroxidase activities in liver and brown adipose tissue were decreased (P < 0.05) in the copper-deprived rats. Body temperatures at 24 degrees C were less (P < 0.05) in the severely copper-deficient as compared with the moderately copper-deficient and copper-adequate animals. Plasma thyroxine concentrations were decreased (P < 0.05) in severely copper-deficient as compared with moderately copper-deficient and copper-adequate rats. Plasma tri-iodothyronine concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) and plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) in both groups of copper-restricted rats relative to the copper-adequate rats. Thyroxine 5'-monodeiodinase activities in liver and brown adipose tissue were decreased (P < 0.05) in the copper-restricted animals. Hepatic tri-iodothyronine receptors were increased (P < 0.05) by dietary copper restriction. Body fatness was greater (P < 0.05) in copper-restricted as compared with copper-adequate rats. These findings indicate that copper deficiency without anemia decreases tissue copper and selenium status and is associated with impaired thyroid hormone metabolism and mild hypothermia in rats at maintained at 24 degrees C. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP LUKASKI, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOX 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 6 IS 8 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(95)00062-5 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RM663 UT WOS:A1995RM66300006 ER PT J AU KANEKO, K SUZUKI, Y SHIMIZU, T YAMASHIRO, Y YABUTA, K LIFSCHITZ, CH AF KANEKO, K SUZUKI, Y SHIMIZU, T YAMASHIRO, Y YABUTA, K LIFSCHITZ, CH TI ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES IN JAPANESE CHILDREN WITH ULCERATIVE-COLITIS SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ANCA; CHILDREN; ULCERATIVE COLITIS ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; P-ANCA; ANTINEUTROPHIL; AUTOANTIBODIES; SERUM AB Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Japanese children. Methodology: Serum samples from 23 children with UC (17 Japanese, 6 non-Japanese), 27 children with Crohn's disease (CD) (10 Japanese, 17 non-Japanese), 10 children with other diarrhoeal diseases, and 33 normal, healthy adult volunteers were assayed for ANCA using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Results: ANCA were detected in 6/17 (35%) UC patients and 0/10 (0%) CD patients in Japanese children, and in 3/6 (50%) UC patients acid 3/17 (18%) CD patients in non-Japanese children. The difference in prevalence between Japanese and non-Japanese children with UC was not statistically significant (P>0.05). ANCA were not found in other diarrhoeal patients and volunteers. Conclusions: Although ANCA have been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of UC in adults, they may be of limited use in Japanese children. This might reflect the heterogeneity of UC. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX. RP KANEKO, K (reprint author), JUNTENDO UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BUNKYO KU,2-1-1 HONGO,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL AUSTR PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1034-4810 J9 J PAEDIATR CHILD H JI J. Paediatr. Child Health PD AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 336 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00823.x PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA TA269 UT WOS:A1995TA26900017 PM 7576894 ER PT J AU RHOADS, ML FETTERER, RH AF RHOADS, ML FETTERER, RH TI DEVELOPMENTALLY-REGULATED SECRETION OF CATHEPSIN L-LIKE CYSTEINE PROTEASES BY HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FASCIOLA-HEPATICA; ADULT WORMS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; PARASITIC PROTOZOA; PROTEINASE; CLONING; SEQUENCE; NEMATODE; LARVAE AB Cysteine protease activity was present in media collected after 24 hr in vitro culture of adult Haemonchus contortus. The released cysteine protease hydrolyzed the fluorogenic 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin (AFC)-substituted synthetic peptides Z-phe-arg-AFC and Z-ala-arg-arg-AFC, but not Z-arg-arg-AFC or Z-arg-AFC, characterizing this activity as cathepsin L-like. Within the parasite, cysteine protease activity was highest in extracts of intestinal tissue. Secreted cysteine protease inhibited the clotting of sheep blood and hydrolyzed hemoglobin, fibrinogen, collagen, and IgG; the IgG hydrolysis site was within the hinge region. Four proteases with M(r) values of 30, 34, 37, and 41 kDa were identified with biotinylated-phenylalanine-arginine-fluoromethyl ketone, a specific probe that binds to active cysteine proteases. Adult parasites cultivated in the presence of 0.1 mM levamisole released 50% less protease activity compared to control cultures; in the presence of rafoxanide (0.1 mM), protease was not detected. Cathepsin L-like cysteine protease activity was released also by L4, but not the L3 larval stage. The active and developmentally regulated release of cysteine proteases by H. contortus may have a critical function in worm nutrition, immune evasion, or both. RP RHOADS, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 41 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 81 IS 4 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.2307/3283844 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RM478 UT WOS:A1995RM47800002 PM 7623189 ER PT J AU LICHTENFELS, JR WERGIN, WP MURPHY, C PILITT, PA AF LICHTENFELS, JR WERGIN, WP MURPHY, C PILITT, PA TI BILATERAL, PERIVULVAR CUTICULAR PORES IN TRICHOSTRONGYLID NEMATODES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRASTRUCTURE AB A new hypodermal gland was discovered in female nematodes of the family Trichostrongylidae. Because the new structure appears to be associated with the vulva, it was named the perivulval pore. It is similar, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, to phasmids that are located laterally on the tails of nematodes of the class Secernentea. Like phasmids, perivulval pores are paired and bilateral, with cuticular ducts to the surface in the areas of the lateral chords. They are located slightly posterior to the vulva in Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, Haemonchus similis, Mecistocirrus digitatus, Mazamastrongylus pursglovei, Ostertagia ostertagi, and Cooperia oncophora, but in Trichostrongylus colubriformis they are slightly anterior to the vulva. Because of the location near the vulva and the similarity in structure to phasmids, which are, at least in part, secretory, the perivulval pores should be considered as a possible source of a female attractant for males. RP LICHTENFELS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSYST & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 81 IS 4 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.2307/3283865 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RM478 UT WOS:A1995RM47800022 PM 7623208 ER PT J AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ SCHOKNECHT, P POND, WG AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ SCHOKNECHT, P POND, WG TI NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS - CRITERION METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY MEASUREMENTS IN INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC-III) CY APR 10-16, 1994 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP Amer Nucl Soc, Div Isotopes & Radiat, Amer Nucl Soc, Div Biol & Med, Amer Nucl Soc, NO Calif Sect ID TOTAL-BODY AB Total body neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to examine the elemental composition of 22 piglets in the weight range 0.7 kg to 3.4 kg. The accuracy of the NAA technique, compared to direct chemical carcass analysis, established it as an equivalent chemical criterion (reference) method. The body composition of 14 human infant cadavers was also examined by NAA and by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The DXA-derived lean, fat, and bone compartments were compared with an NAA chemical model of composition. Each of the three compartments was significantly correlated (r = 0.85 - 0.95, p < 0.001) for the two independent assays, although there were substantial differences for the estimated size of the compartments for individual infants. RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, USDA ARS, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 195 IS 1 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1007/BF02036483 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA RP508 UT WOS:A1995RP50800017 ER PT J AU SERFATYLACROSNIERE, C WOOD, RJ VOYTKO, D SALTZMAN, JR PEDROSA, M SEPE, TE RUSSELL, RR AF SERFATYLACROSNIERE, C WOOD, RJ VOYTKO, D SALTZMAN, JR PEDROSA, M SEPE, TE RUSSELL, RR TI HYPOCHLORHYDRIA FROM SHORT-TERM OMEPRAZOLE TREATMENT DOES NOT INHIBIT INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, MAGNESIUM OR ZINC FROM FOOD IN HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MINERAL BIOAVAILABILITY; HYPOCHLORHYDRIA; WHOLE GUT LAVAGE ABSORPTION TEST; GASTRIC ACIDITY ID GASTRIC-ACID SECRETION; HIGH-FIBER; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACHLORHYDRIA; PHYTATE; DIETS; IRON AB Objective: Low gastric pH is generally believed to be an important factor in intestinal mineral absorption. Thus, hypochlorhydria could be an important risk factor for mineral malabsorption and the development of marginal mineral status. We studied whether the hypochlorhydria associated with treatment with the anti-ulcer medication omeprazole, a potent gastric proton pump inhibitor, would affect intestinal calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or zinc absorption from food. Methods: Thirteen normal, healthy adults were assigned to either a control group (n = 5) receiving no drug treatment or an omeprazole treatment group (n = 8) to produce increased gastric pH Omeprazole treatment of normal volunteers resulted in a significant change in postprandial gastric pH (pH 6.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.5 in control subjects, p < 0.01) and baseline fasting pH (pH 5.8 +/- 0.5 vs. pH 1.8 +/- 0.3 in controls, p < 0.01) after an overnight fast. Net mineral absorption from a standard test meal was measured using a whole gut lavage technique. Mineral absorption was measured twice in each subject, once with 120 mL of 0.1 mol/liter hydrochloric acid and a second time with 120 mL of distilled water alone. Results: We found that despite marked changes in gastric pH due to drug treatment or administration of exogenous HCl, no change in the intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or zinc from a standard test meal was evident. Conclusions: These findings suggest that changing the gastric pH alone does not modify the net intestinal absorption of several minerals from food. Therefore, it is unlikely that moderate hypochlorhydria resulting from short-term omeprazole treatment substantially increases the risk for developing calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or zinc deficiencies due to mineral malabsorption. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 24 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 364 EP 368 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RN051 UT WOS:A1995RN05100009 PM 8568113 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD BURNS, WA AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD BURNS, WA TI DIETARY FERRIC VS FERROUS IRON IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS FED FRUCTOSE-BASED DIETS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FRUCTOSE; COPPER; FERRIC; FERROUS ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; ANEMIA; CARBOHYDRATE; DEFEROXAMINE; HYPERTROPHY; ABSORPTION; RADICALS; SEVERITY AB Objective: This preliminary study was undertaken to determine whether the valence state of dietary iron affects signs associated with copper deficiency in rats fell fructose. Methods: Rats were fed either copper-deficient or adequate diets containing 62% fructose as the sole dietary carbohydrate for 5 weeks. The mineral mixture contained equal concentration of either ferric or ferrous iron. Results: Copper deficiency resulted in growth retardation, anemia, heart hypertrophy but pancreatic atrophy. The consumption of ferrous iron resulted in increased hematocrit and pancreas size. The combination of ferrous iron with copper deficiency reduced heart size. Conclusions: Copper deficiency had a major impact on each parameter measured. Although the valence state of iron did not protect the rats against the pathological consequence of copper deficiency it did have some positive effects. It may be that ferrous iron is a more available form than ferric iron. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,LAB SERV,E ORANGE,NJ. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,METAB & NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RN051 UT WOS:A1995RN05100016 PM 8568119 ER PT J AU MOZERSKY, SM BAYNES, MA BAILEY, DG AF MOZERSKY, SM BAYNES, MA BAILEY, DG TI OPTIMIZATION OF THE ASSAY OF BATE AND DRUM LIQUOR FOR PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In two recent publications from this laboratory, procedures were described for measuring the proteolytic activity of bate and (bate-containing) drum liquor using hide powder azure (HPA) as substrate. Subsequent to that work, it was found that HPA sometimes loses much of its sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes on storage. This led to a study of the substrate and of related factors affecting the assay, which resulted in substantial revision of the assay procedure, as follows. HPA is activated prior to use by reduction of particle size and a mild heat treatment, and 200 mg are used per assay (instead of 50 mg). A clarified extract of the sample to Be assayed is introduced into the incubation tube (a 25 mm x 150 mm screw-cap tube) instead of the crude material. Since proteolytic activity was found to change by 10 to 15% per degrees C, good temperature control is necessary; for research purposes, a water-bath shaker-incubator operating at 37 degrees C and 400 rpm is recommended. Incubation time has been reduced from 20 min to 10 min at ambient temperature (ca. 25 degrees C), 5 min at 37 degrees C. These modifications have resulted in the following advantages: (1) substantially increased sensitivity, (2) a linear dependence of the color measured on enzyme concentration, and (3) improved reproducibility. RP MOZERSKY, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 90 IS 8 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA RX551 UT WOS:A1995RX55100001 ER PT J AU KOMANOWSKY, M COOKE, PH DAMERT, WC KRONICK, PL MCCLINTICK, MD AF KOMANOWSKY, M COOKE, PH DAMERT, WC KRONICK, PL MCCLINTICK, MD TI STRESS-RELAXATION BEHAVIOR OF LEATHER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE AB Leather exhibits a complicated mechanical behavior that can be best explained by using concepts of theoretical viscoelasticity. To permit a mathematical description of the time dependent properties of leather under different testing conditions, springs and dashpots are used. A six-element model comprised of three Maxwell units in parallel satisfactorily described stress-relaxation properties of leather. Scanning-electron micrographs reveal that fibers remain desegregated upon drying of leather in the presence of fatliquor, while stress-relaxation tests show that relaxation moduli and relaxation, times decrease with increase in fatliquor content as well as with increase in temperature and moisture content. The results obtainable by the stress-relation method should find application in process control, specification acceptance and service evaluation. RP KOMANOWSKY, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 90 IS 8 BP 243 EP 256 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA RX551 UT WOS:A1995RX55100002 ER PT J AU DUNN, RO BAGBY, MO AF DUNN, RO BAGBY, MO TI LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF TRIGLYCERIDE-BASED DIESEL FUELS - TRANSESTERIFIED METHYL-ESTERS AND PETROLEUM MIDDLE DISTILLATE/ESTER BLENDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BLENDS; CLOUD POINT; COLD-FILTER PLUGGING POINT; KINEMATIC VISCOSITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE FLOW TEST; METHYL ESTERS; METHYL SOYATE; METHYL TALLOWATE; POUR POINT ID VEGETABLE-OILS; ENGINE AB This work examines low-temperature properties of triglyceride-based alternate fuels for direct-injection compression-ignition engines. Methyl esters from transesterified soybean oil were studied as neat fuels and in blends with petroleum middle distillates (No. 1 or No. 2 diesel fuel). Admired methyl esters composed of 5-30 vol% tallowate methyl esters in soyate methyl esters were also examined. Pour points, cloud points, and kinematic viscosities were measured; viscosities at cooler temperatures were studied to evaluate effects of sustained exposure. Low-temperature filterability studies were conducted in accordance with two standard methodologies. The North American standard was the low-temperature flow test (LTFT), and its European equivalent was the cold-filter plugging point (CFPP). With respect to cold-flow properties, blending methyl esters with middle distillates is limited to relatively low ester contents before the properties become preclusive. Under most conditions, cold-flow properties were not greatly affected by admiring the methyl esters with up to 30 vol% tallowate (before blending). Least squares analysis showed that both LTFT and CFPP of formulations containing at least 10 vol% methyl esters are linear functions of cloud point. In addition, statistical analysis of the LTFT data showed a strong 1:1 correlation between LTFT and CP. This result may prove crucial in efforts to improve low-temperature flow properties of alternate diesel fuels that contain methyl esters derived from triglycerides. RP DUNN, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 33 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 72 IS 8 BP 895 EP 904 DI 10.1007/BF02542067 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RP461 UT WOS:A1995RP46100007 ER PT J AU CONKERTON, EJ WAN, PJ RICHARD, OA AF CONKERTON, EJ WAN, PJ RICHARD, OA TI HEXANE AND HEPTANE AS EXTRACTION SOLVENTS FOR COTTONSEED - A LABORATORY-SCALE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE COTTONSEED; EXTRACTION; HEPTANE; HEXANE; SOLVENTS AB For many years, commercial-grade hexane has been the preferred solvent for extracting oil from cottonseed. Recent environmental and health concerns about hexane may limit the use of this solvent; therefore, the need for a replacement solvent has become an important issue. Heptane is similar to hexane, but does not have the environmental and health concerns associated with the latter. On a laboratory scale, delinted, dehulled, ground cottonseed was extracted with hexane and heptane. The solvent-to-meal ratio was 10:1 (vol/wt). The yield and quality of the oil and meal extracted by heptane were similar to that extracted by hexane. Extraction temperature was higher far heptane than for hexane. A higher temperature and a longer time were required to desolventize miscella from the heptane extraction than from the hexane extraction. Based on these studies, heptane offers a potential alternative to hexane for extracting oil from cottonseed. RP CONKERTON, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 72 IS 8 BP 963 EP 965 DI 10.1007/BF02542075 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RP461 UT WOS:A1995RP46100015 ER PT J AU KATZ, JB SHAFER, AL EERNISSE, KA AF KATZ, JB SHAFER, AL EERNISSE, KA TI CONSTRUCTION AND INSECT LARVAL EXPRESSION OF RECOMBINANT VESICULAR STOMATITIS NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN AND ITS USE IN COMPETITIVE ELISA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; BACULOVIRUS; COMPETITIVE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS; BACULOVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; VECTORS AB The gene encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein of Indiana 1 serotype vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-IN1) was transferred into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus) as a full-length non-fusion construct under the control of the polyhedrin gene promoter. Recombinant N protein was obtained from Trichoplusia ni insect larvae inoculated 72-96 h previously with the recombinant baculovirus. Polyclonal antibody (PAB) against VSV-IN1 was produced in mice using VSV-IN1 whole virus antigen concentrated from virus-infected cell culture fluids. The N protein and the PAB were used without further purification in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) for detection of bovine, porcine, and equine origin serum antibodies against VSV-IN1. A limited number of field origin, experimental, and reference VSV antisera were evaluated using the C-ELISA and with a standard serum neutralization (SN) procedure. Sensitivity of the C-ELISA was comparable to the serotypically homologous SN procedure. Subject to further validation, similar C-ELISA tests for the other VSV serotypes, used in conjunction with the test described here, may offer the best combination of rapidity, sensitivity, simplicity, economy, and laboratory biosafety of any of the methods yet developed for VSV serodiagnosis. RP KATZ, JB (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,PO 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 1995 VL 54 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(95)00036-T PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA RP570 UT WOS:A1995RP57000006 PM 8530566 ER PT J AU MURPHY, MLP RODRIGUEZ, M SCHUDEL, AA MEYER, RF AF MURPHY, MLP RODRIGUEZ, M SCHUDEL, AA MEYER, RF TI LOCALIZATION OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS-RNA IN TISSUE-CULTURE INFECTED-CELLS VIA IN-SITU POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Note DE IN SITU POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS (FMDV); RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODIES AB Foot and mouth disease virus RNA was visualized in infected primary tissue culture cells by in situ PCR incorporating digoxigenin-labeled dUTP. The viral RNA polymerase gene was used as a target for amplification. Infected cells revealed cytoplasmic staining, predominantly perinuclear. The intensity of staining was in proportion to the degree of cytopathology observed and similar to the results obtained using immunoperoxidase staining. The in situ PCR technique for FMDV detection could be applied to formalin-fixed samples and be useful for the study of persistent infections. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,FADDL,APHIS,VS,GREENPORT,NY 11944. INTA,CICV,INST VIROL,MORON,ARGENTINA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 1995 VL 54 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA RP570 UT WOS:A1995RP57000008 ER PT J AU PICCONE, ME ZELLNER, M KUMOSINSKI, TF MASON, PW GRUBMAN, MJ AF PICCONE, ME ZELLNER, M KUMOSINSKI, TF MASON, PW GRUBMAN, MJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTIVE-SITE RESIDUES OF THE L-PROTEINASE OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUTATIVE CATALYTIC TRIAD; LEADER PROTEIN; PAPAIN; CLEAVAGE; COMPLEX; SYSTEM AB The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader (L) protein is involved in autocatalytic cleavage at the L/P1 junction and in the cleavage of translation initiation factor p220, a submit of the cap-binding protein complex. It has been suggested that this proteinase has homology to the papain-like family of cysteine proteinases, and from this information, we have investigated the active-site residues by introducing specific mutations into the L gene. Mutations of Cys-23 to Ala or His-120 to Leu resulted in enzymes that lacked cia activity at the L/VP4 cleavage site, trans activity on a truncated L-P1 substrate, and p220 cleavage activity. Mutations of Cys-23 to Ser or His-110 to Leu resulted in enzymes that retained some or all cis activity and had reduced p220 cleavage. These mutations were introduced separately into a full-length FMDV cDNA, and RNA transcripts derived from these cDNAs were translated in a cell-free system and transfected into cells. The C23S mutant inefficiently cleaved at the L/P1 junction and within p1, and virus obtained from transfected cells reverted to wild type. The H110L mutant cleaved the L/P1 junction almost as well as the wild-type enzyme, and virus recovered from transfected cells retained the mutation and displayed wild-type viral protein synthesis and host shut-off kinetics. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,GREENPORT,NY 11944. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 27 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4950 EP 4956 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA RH854 UT WOS:A1995RH85400044 PM 7609064 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JW AF THOMAS, JW TI THE FOREST SERVICE ETHICS AND COURSE TO THE FUTURE SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Editorial Material RP THOMAS, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 157 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)00196-A PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA RN628 UT WOS:A1995RN62800001 ER PT J AU SKINNER, CN AF SKINNER, CN TI CHANGE IN SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST OPENINGS IN THE KLAMATH MOUNTAINS OF NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALIFORNIA; FOREST OPENINGS; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; SPATIAL ATTRIBUTES; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AB Change in the spatial characteristics of forest openings was investigated in three forested watersheds in northwestern Siskiyou County, California totalling approximately 24,600 hectares. Watersheds with minimal human disturbance were chosen for study. However, fire suppression has been pervasive throughout. Characteristics of forest openings (area, perimeter, distance between neighboring openings) were measured on aerial photographs taken 41 years apart. An index of regional form was determined for the landscape. Shape complexity for each opening was calculated using two indices based upon fractals. Significant differences were found using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test between the perimeters, areas, distance from sample point to nearest opening, and distance between neighboring openings. The perimeters and areas became smaller, and the distances from the sample point to the nearest opening and between neighboring openings became greater over the 41 years between aerial photo sets. The estimated area occupied by openings decreased from 25.8% to 15.6% of the study area. No significant difference was found in the shape of the openings except as the shape indices were influenced by changes in size of the openings. RP SKINNER, CN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,SILVICULTURE LAB,2400 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPB ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, 1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 IS 4 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1007/BF00129256 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA RP988 UT WOS:A1995RP98800004 ER PT J AU STEYNBERG, JP BRANDT, EV FERREIRA, D HELFER, CA MATTICE, WL GORNIK, D HEMINGWAY, RW AF STEYNBERG, JP BRANDT, EV FERREIRA, D HELFER, CA MATTICE, WL GORNIK, D HEMINGWAY, RW TI CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF OLIGOMERIC FLAVANOIDS .2. METHYL-ETHER ACETATE DERIVATIVES OF PROFISETINIDINS SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; H-1 NMR; CONDENSED TANNINS; PROFISETINIDINS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; CONFORMATION; ROTATIONAL ISOMERS ID C(4)-C(8) LINKED DIMERS; CONDENSED TANNINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 16 C(4)-C(6); (-)-EPICATECHIN; (+)-CATECHIN; CYCLOCONFORMATIONS; SUBSTITUENTS; FLUORESCENCE; DECAY AB The profisetinidins are the most important polyflavanoids of commerce, making up the major constituents of wattle and quebracho tannins. Even within the dimeric profisetinidins, substantial complexity exists because of stereo-, regio-, rotational and conformational isomers. Definition of the stereochemistry of the upper and lower flavan units, the location of the interflavanoid bond, the conformation of the heterocyclic rings in the upper and lower flavan units and the conformations of major and minor rotational isomers in a series of methyl ether acetate derivatives of dimeric profisetinidin diastereomers is possible by application of COSY and NOE experiments. All compounds studied were present in two rotameric forms with the more compact conformation favored. The heterocyclic ring in the upper chain extender unit was predominantly in an E-conformation (i.e. half-chair in 2R,3S isomers and a 'reverse' half-chair in the 2S,3R isomers). The heterocyclic ring conformation of the terminal catechin unit, although mostly in an E-conformation, was often represented by significant proportions of A-conformers. C1 UNIV AKRON,INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325. SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP STEYNBERG, JP (reprint author), UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT CHEM,POB 339,BLOEMFONTEIN 9300,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 8 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1002/mrc.1260330802 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA RP234 UT WOS:A1995RP23400001 ER PT J AU TESTER, PA GEESEY, ME GUO, CZ PAERL, HW MILLIE, DF AF TESTER, PA GEESEY, ME GUO, CZ PAERL, HW MILLIE, DF TI EVALUATING PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS IN THE NEWPORT RIVER ESTUARY (NORTH-CAROLINA, USA) BY HPLC-DERIVED PIGMENT PROFILES SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE PHYTOPLANKTON; PIGMENTS; HPLC ID SPRING BLOOM; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; SURFACE BLOOMS; CHLOROPHYLL-B; ATLANTIC; SEA; ADAPTATION; SUCCESSION; COMMUNITY AB The composition and dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages during the spring bloom in a shallow, coastal-plain estuary were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-derived pigment profiles. From mid-February through the first week in June 1991, samples were collected twice weekly at 2 sites within the Newport River estuary, North Carolina, USA. Pigment profiles, reflecting phytoplankton assemblages dominated by diatoms, dinoflagellates, prymnesiophytes, cryptophytes, and chlorophytes, were compared to phytoplankton cell counts. There were significant (p less than or equal to 0.0005, r(2) = 0.49 to 0.63) relationships between the taxon-specific pigment concentrations and the taxon-specific cell numbers. HPLC-determined chlorophyll (chl) a biomass corresponded with the sum of the taxon-specific chl a biomass (p less than or equal to 0.001, r(2) = 0.95). Each taxon-specific biomass was calculated based on chl a:accessory pigment ratios determined by regression analyses. Chl a biomass was also measured fluorometrically and compared with the HPLC results. Fluorometric analysis underestimated biomass when prymnesiophytes, cryptophytes, and chlorophytes dominated the phytoplankton. Despite the inherent environmental variability of the estuarine sampling location, HPLC-derived pigment profiles did provide division-level phylogenetic assessment of large, short-term changes in the phytoplankton composition and detected assemblage responses to event-scale perturbation effects (e.g. precipitation, wind). These results demonstrate that even in highly variable environments HPLC-based pigment analysis is a valuable tool, providing complementary information to the traditional methodology of cell counting. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA, INST MARINE SCI, MOREHEAD CITY, NC 28557 USA. USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. LOYOLA UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. RP TESTER, PA (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SE FISHERIES CTR, BEAUFORT LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. NR 35 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 124 IS 1-3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.3354/meps124237 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RW867 UT WOS:A1995RW86700020 ER PT J AU AAGAARD, JE VOLLMER, SS SORENSEN, FC STRAUSS, SH AF AAGAARD, JE VOLLMER, SS SORENSEN, FC STRAUSS, SH TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA PRODUCTS AMONG RAPD PROFILES ARE FREQUENT AND STRONGLY DIFFERENTIATED BETWEEN RACES OF DOUGLAS-FIR SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLOZYMES; DOUGLAS-FIR; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; RAPD; REPETITIVE DNA ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; BALANCING SELECTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; ALLOZYME; DIVERSITY; INHERITANCE; MARKERS; POLYMORPHISMS AB Racial differentiation and genetic variability were studied between and within the coastal, north interior, and south interior races of Douglas-fir using RAPD and allozyme markers. Nearly half of all RAPD bands scored (13:45%) were found to be amplified from mitochondrial DNA. They exhibited maternal inheritance among hybrids and backcrosses between the races, and were much more highly differentiated (G(ST) = 0.62 for haplotype frequencies) than were allozymes (G(ST) = 0.26). No evidence of hybridization or introgression was detected where the coastal and interior races come into proximity in central Oregon. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 41 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00237.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA RU696 UT WOS:A1995RU69600005 PM 8574443 ER PT J AU PEARCE, MH NELSON, EE MALAJCZUK, N AF PEARCE, MH NELSON, EE MALAJCZUK, N TI EFFECTS OF THE CORD-FORMING SAPROTROPHS HYPHOLOMA-AUSTRALE AND PHANEROCHAETE-FILAMENTOSA AND OF AMMONIUM SULFAMATE ON ESTABLISHMENT OF ARMILLARIA-LUTEOBUBALINA ON STUMPS OF EUCALYPTUS-DIVERSICOLOR SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WOOD DECAY FUNGI; HARDWOOD STUMPS; INOCULATION; MELLEA; SOIL; COLONIZATION; INVITRO; LITTER; ROOT AB Freshly cut karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) thinning stumps were simultaneously inoculated with the pathogen Armillaria luteobubalina and either Hypholoma australe or Phanerochaete filamentosa. The stumps were inoculated with H. australe and and P. filamentosa either above- or below-ground, and treated with either 40% (w/v) aqueous ammonium sulphamate solution (AMS) or water. Fungal colonization 2 yr after inoculation was assessed. AMS treatment had several highly significant effects. Without AMS, neither biocontrol agent significantly reduced Armillaria colonization. However, with AMS, both P. filamentosa and H. australe significantly reduced Armillaria colonization, P. filamentosa being more effective. Below-ground inoculation was more effective in reducing Armillaria colonization than above-ground inoculation In the absence of the biocontrol agents, AMS increased below-ground colonization by Armillaria compared with non-AMS treated stumps, but reduced colonization at and above ground level. Stump decay was increased, and coppice occurrence reduced, with AMS treatment. The naturally-occurring fungi Stereum hirsutum and Trametes versicolor fruited only on AMS stumps, whereas Chondrostereum purpureum fruited only on non-AMS stumps. Fruiting by Hypholoma australe was enhanced by AMS, whereas Armillaria luteobubalina fruiting was significantly greater on non-AMS stumps. C1 CSIRO,DIV FORESTRY,WEMBLY,WA 6014,AUSTRALIA. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 99 BP 951 EP 956 PN 8 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RU746 UT WOS:A1995RU74600008 ER PT J AU NELSON, EE PEARCE, MH MALAJCZUK, N AF NELSON, EE PEARCE, MH MALAJCZUK, N TI EFFECTS OF TRICHODERMA SPP AND AMMONIUM SULFAMATE ON ESTABLISHMENT OF ARMILLARIA-LUTEOBUBALINA ON STUMPS OF EUCALYPTUS-DIVERSICOLOR SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WEIRII-INFESTED STUMPS; WOOD DECAY FUNGI; PHELLINUS-WEIRII; ANTAGONISTIC PROPERTIES; SPECIES-GROUPS; VOLATILE ANTIBIOTICS; HYPHAL INTERACTION; COLONIZATION; INOCULATION; AUSTRALIA AB Stumps of karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) were simultaneously inoculated with the pathogen Armillaria luteobubalina and five combined isolates of Trichoderma spp, to examine their potential for biological control. Trichoderma inoculum was placed in holes drilled into the stumps or in slashes cut in the bark and sapwood about 5 cm above the ground line, either as (a) conidia suspended in an agar matrix, or (b) mycelia and conidia encased in calcium alginate beads and suspended in an agar matrix. Half the stumps were poisoned with application of ammonium sulphamate (AMS) to the freshly cut stump top. The stumps were harvested 2 yr after inoculations. Observations and isolations made from dissected root and stem sections indicated that (a) AMS treatment significantly increased colonization of stump roots by A. luteobubalina, and (b) Trichoderma spore inoculum, v. bead inoculum, placed in drill holes in the stumps resulted in a significant reduction in root colonization by A. luteobubalina. Spore inoculum may have adversely affected fruiting of A. luteobubalina on stumps as well, since none of the 20 stumps on which A. luteobubalina fruited was inoculated with spores. C1 CSIRO,DIV FORESTRY,WEMBLY,WA 6014,AUSTRALIA. RP NELSON, EE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 99 BP 957 EP 962 PN 8 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RU746 UT WOS:A1995RU74600009 ER PT J AU MELLON, JE COTTY, PJ AF MELLON, JE COTTY, PJ TI EXPRESSION OF ELASTINOLYTIC ACTIVITY AMONG ISOLATES IN ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS FLAVUSUS; ELASTASE; ELASTINOLYLIC; METALLOPROTEINASE; SERINE PROTEINASE; TOXIGENIC FUNGUS ID ELASTASE PRODUCTION; ALKALINE PROTEASE; FUMIGATUS; VIRULENCE; STRAINS; COTTON AB A survey of the distribution of elastinolytic potential among 32 culture collection isolates of Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, A. parasiticus, A. sojae, A, nomius, and A. tama, ii revealed this character to be highly conserved within Aspergillus Section Flavi. Furthermore, 144 isolates of A. flavus from environmental samples from six separate regions of the United States produced elastase on solid medium, Most previously described polymorphisms in elastinolytic potential were attributed to the toxicity of berate buffers. Replacement of berate with HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) resulted in detection of elastase production on solid medium by all tested fungal isolates except two that had been in culture over 50 years. In liquid culture, only isolates of A. flavus, A. tamarii, and A. oryzae accumulated elastase activity. Although isoelectric focusing revealed only one isoform (pI 9.0) of elastase in these culture filtrates, elastinolytic activity in filtrates was partially inhibited by both 1,10-phenanthrolene (2 mM) and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (2 mM), suggesting the presence of both metallo and serine elastinolytic proteinases. RP MELLON, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD AUG PY 1995 VL 131 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1007/BF01102889 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TJ384 UT WOS:A1995TJ38400011 PM 8532054 ER PT J AU RYAN, LA CAREY, AB AF RYAN, LA CAREY, AB TI DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT OF THE WESTERN GRAY SQUIRREL (SCIURUS-GRISEUS) ON FT-LEWIS, WASHINGTON SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Sciurus griseus has been accorded a ''threatened'' status by the Washington Department of Wildlife. Our objectives were to determine the distribution, abundance, and factors limiting the abundance of Sciurus griseus on Fort Lewis. Between June 1992 and August 1993 we conducted walking surveys for squirrels in 169 oak-conifer stands (approximately 700 ha). We observed 38 individual squirrels in 30 of the stands. We compared occupancy of oak stands by size, distance to water, and vegetation characteristics. We found that oak stands used by squirrels generally were: 1) > 2.0 ha, 2) < 0.6 km from water (lake, marsh, stream, or river), 3) on average, 34% Quercus garryana, 53% Pseudotsuga menziesii, and 13% other tree species, and 4) diverse in food-producing trees and shrubs including Acer macrophyllum, Fraxinus latifolia, and Oemleria cerasiformis. Sciurus griseus is associated with Quercus garryana woodlands which are dwindling due to human development. Fort Lewis holds the largest publicly-managed area of Quercus garryana in the Puget Sound region. In order to protect Sciurus griseus populations we recommend: 1) informing the public about Sciurus griseus and its status to reduce squirrel deaths by automobiles and 2) conserving and actively managing oak woodlands. RP RYAN, LA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 204 EP 216 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TB715 UT WOS:A1995TB71500004 ER PT J AU GAINES, WL NEALE, GK NANEY, RH AF GAINES, WL NEALE, GK NANEY, RH TI RESPONSE OF COYOTES AND GRAY WOLVES TO SIMULATED HOWLING IN NORTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Simulated howling provided information on the location of coyotes (Canis latrans) and gray wolves (Canis lupus) in north-central Washington. Coyotes responded to simulated howling at a rate of 9.9% and wolves at a rate of 0.1% from April through October. The low response rate for wolves can most likely be attributed to low density in our study area. Response rates of coyotes were highest in September and October, and during dawn and dusk. Both wolf responses occurred during early August and at dusk. The sex of the person simulating the howl did not affect the response rate. There was not a significant difference in the response rates of coyotes between backcountry and road surveys. Monitoring the RR/S of these species may be useful in estimating the response of coyotes to a recolonizing wolf population. This method would be a useful component in programs monitoring the populations of wolves and coyotes. RP GAINES, WL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,600 SHERBOURNE,LEAVENWORTH,WA 98826, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TB715 UT WOS:A1995TB71500005 ER PT J AU SALTZMAN, E ROBERTS, SB AF SALTZMAN, E ROBERTS, SB TI THE ROLE OF ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN ENERGY REGULATION - FINDINGS FROM A DECADE OF RESEARCH SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; LOW-CALORIE DIETS; FAT-FREE MASS; WEIGHT-LOSS; BODY-COMPOSITION; OBESE SUBJECTS; NITROGEN-BALANCE; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; SHORT-TERM AB The role of energy expenditure in energy regulation remains a subject of continuing controversy. New data have emerged from studies conducted over the last decade demonstrating that energy expenditure is a critical factor contributing to successful energy regulation in normal individuals, as well as to the disregulation of energy balance that characterizes obesity. Reduced energy expenditure appears to facilitate weight gain in individuals susceptible to obesity and also appears to reduce the extent of body energy loss during undereating in both lean and obese individuals. The magnitude of the reduction in energy expenditure during, and perhaps after weight loss is greater than expected on the basis of the reduction in body weight and appears to occur in response to undefined underlying determinants of energy regulation. In addition, exercise intervention studies and cross-sectional investigations of the relationship between energy expenditure for physical activity and body composition demonstrate an apparent equilibration between physical activity and body fat content This equilibration is suggestive of a direct influence of physical activity on the underlying metabolic determinants of energy balance. RP SALTZMAN, E (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124, DK46200] NR 64 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 53 IS 8 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RX058 UT WOS:A1995RX05800001 PM 7501305 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC AF FLEET, JC TI A NEW ROLE FOR LACTOFERRIN - DNA-BINDING AND TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID IRON AB The specific function of lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein found predominantly in milk and in granulocytes, is unclear. However, researchers now believe that if may modulate immune function. Recent research shows that lactoferrin enters the cell from the serum and is transported into the nucleus where if binds DNA. Specific DNA sequences that can confer lactoferrin-induced gene transcription of a reporter gene have now been identified This potential direct transcriptional function of lactoferrin is unique and remains to be confirmed in whole cells or tissues. These observations have great potential for explaining the molecular basis for lactoferrin's role in the inflammatory response and in the transfer of immunity from mother to child. RP FLEET, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 7 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 53 IS 8 BP 226 EP 227 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RX058 UT WOS:A1995RX05800003 PM 7501307 ER PT J AU HEIRD, WC AF HEIRD, WC TI AMINO-ACID AND ENERGY NEEDS OF PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS RECEIVING PARENTERAL-NUTRITION SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; TISSUE LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; RAT ADIPOSE-TISSUE; 1ST 3 DAYS; PROTEIN-METABOLISM; PRETERM INFANTS; INTRAVENOUS HYPERALIMENTATION; CYSTEINE SUPPLEMENTATION; INTRALIPID INFUSION; NITROGEN-METABOLISM AB The history of parenteral nutrition is reviewed. Total amino acid needs are discussed, together with factors affecting those needs, including clinical status, energy intake, and the quality of amino acid intake. Parenteral lipid emulsions are also reviewed. RP HEIRD, WC (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 106 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 42 IS 4 BP 765 EP 789 PG 25 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RL704 UT WOS:A1995RL70400003 PM 7610012 ER PT J AU YOUNG, AL LEWIS, CG AF YOUNG, AL LEWIS, CG TI BIOTECHNOLOGY AND POTENTIAL NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS GENE; TRANSGENIC MICE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Biotechnology has the potential to affect children's short-term and long-term health. Benefits from biotechnology potentially will be derived primarily from gene therapy, which will correct metabolic abnormalities that affect the nutritional status of the child, from transgenic animal models developed to study the molecular basis of children's nutrition, and from the development of foods and food products that will have general and specific health benefits. Cow's milk and infant formula potentially could be modified made to more closely resemble human milk. Achievement of these rewards of biotechnology for children demands a diligent search for nutritional knowledge and for insight into nutrient-nutrient and nutrient-gene interactions. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,METAB & NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP YOUNG, AL (reprint author), USDA,OFF ASSISTANT SECRETARY SCI & EDUC,OFF AGR BIOTECHNOL,ROOM 3868-S,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 42 IS 4 BP 917 EP 930 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RL704 UT WOS:A1995RL70400011 PM 7610020 ER PT J AU TENG, WL DORAISWAMY, PC WANG, JR AF TENG, WL DORAISWAMY, PC WANG, JR TI TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF THE MICROWAVE POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE INDEX AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX IN A DENSELY CROPPED AREA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ANTECEDENT PRECIPITATION INDEX; SATELLITE DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; AVHRR DATA; RADIOMETER; SMMR; DROUGHT; CORN AB The Microwave Polarization Difference Index (MPDI) for densely cropped areas contains information about the moisture and vegetation status of the ground surface. The surface parameters affecting MPDI and the relationship of MPDI to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) vary seasonally To better understand this seasonal variation, MPDI derived from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and NDVI derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer were geo-registered and compared with ground data and with each other. Analysis of MPDI time series showed that moisture effects dominated at the beginning of the growing season, vegetation effects dominated during the period of peak canopy cover and both effects were present at other times. MPDI was found to have an inverse, non-linear relationship with NDVI. MPDI varied more during the early part of the season, and NDVI varied more during the latter part of the season. Results were basically consistent with recent questions raised about the MPDI-vegetation relationship. The synergism between MPDI and NDVI is important for soil moisture and vegetation studies. C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TENG, WL (reprint author), HUGHES STX CORP,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 902 2,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1033 EP 1040 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RN791 UT WOS:A1995RN79100008 ER PT J AU ZISKA, LH BUNCE, JA AF ZISKA, LH BUNCE, JA TI GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE OF 3 SOYBEAN CULTIVARS TO SIMULTANEOUS INCREASES IN GROWTH TEMPERATURE AND CO2 SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ASSIMILATION; BIOMASS; ELEVATED CO2; GLYCINE MAX; LEAF AREA RATIO; NET ASSIMILATION RATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RELATIVE GROWTH RATE; TEMPERATURE ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; ENRICHMENT; LEAVES; C3 AB Three soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars (Maple Glen, Clark and CNS) were exposed to three CO2 concentrations (370, 555 and 740 mu mol mol(-1)) and three growth temperatures (20/15 degrees, 25/20 degrees and 31/26 degrees C, day/night) to determine intraspecific differences in single leaf/whole plant photosynthesis, growth and partitioning, phenology and final biomass. Based on known carboxylation kinetics, a synergistic effect between temperature and CO2 on growth and photosynthesis was predicted since elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis by reducing photorespiration and photorespiration increases with temperature. Increasing CO2 concentrations resulted in a stimulation of single leaf photosynthesis for 40-60 days after emergence (DAE) at 20/15 degrees C in all cultivars and for Maple Glen and CNS at all temperatures. For Clark, however, the onset of flowering at warmer temperatures coincided with the loss of stimulation in single leaf photosynthesis at elevated CO2 concentrations. Despite the season-long stimulation of single leaf photosynthesis, elevated CO2 concentrations did not increase whole plant photosynthesis except at the highest growth temperature in Maple Glen and CNS, and there was no synergistic effect on final biomass. Instead, the stimulatory effect of CO2 on growth was delayed by higher temperatures. Data from this experiment suggest that: (1) intraspecific variation could be used to select for optimum soybean cultivars with future climate change; and (2) the relationship between temperature and CO2 concentration may be expressed differently at the leaf and whole plant levels and may not solely reflect known changes in carboxylation kinetics. RP ZISKA, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 94 IS 4 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.940406.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RU931 UT WOS:A1995RU93100006 ER PT J AU ZEYEN, RJ BUSHNELL, WR CARVER, TLW ROBBINS, MP CLARK, TA BOYLES, DA VANCE, CP AF ZEYEN, RJ BUSHNELL, WR CARVER, TLW ROBBINS, MP CLARK, TA BOYLES, DA VANCE, CP TI INHIBITING PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE AND CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE SUPPRESSES MLA1 (HR) BUT NOT MLO5 (NON-HR) BARLEY POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCES SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS-HORDEI; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; PUTATIVE PEROXIDASE; PENETRATION SITES; CALLOSE FORMATION; EPIDERMAL-CELLS; WHEAT; AUTOFLUORESCENCE AB The effects of AOPP, an inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and of OH-PAS, an inhibitor of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) on the barley powdery mildew resistances conditioned by the dominant Mla1 (hypersensitive cell death based) and the recessive mlo5 (conditioning penetration resistance without cell death) major gene alleles were determined in leaf and coleoptile tissues. The inhibitors were applied either by uptake through cut ends of detached leaves or directly to monolayers of epidermal cells dissected from coleoptiles. In leaves, both inhibitors decreased localized autofluorescence in epidermal cell walls directly beneath primary germ tubes and appressoria. With the Mla1 resistance allele both inhibitors strongly suppressed race-specific hypersensitive epidermal cell death (as indicated by whole cell autofluorescence in leaves or by cell collapse in the coleoptile epidermis). AOPP was effective at 1 mM in tissues of both leaves and coleoptiles. OH-PAS was effective at 1 mM in leaves and at 1-11 mu M in coleoptile tissue. Concomitant with the reduction in hypersensitive cell death in the coleoptile epidermis was an increase in average haustorium size and percentage of germlings producing hyphae. OH-PAS was effective when applied to the coleoptile epidermis as late as 16 h after inoculation, approximately 2 h before the onset of hypersensitive cell death. Results strongly suggest that the products of CAD activity play a direct role in stimulating events (like peroxidase activity and free radical formation) leading to programmed hypersensitive epidermal cell death conditioned by Mla1. In contrast, the recessive mlo5 resistance, which is expressed by failure of the fungus to fully penetrate barley epidermal cells and form haustoria, was unaffected in either leaves or monolayers of coleoptile epidermis by OH-PAS or AOPP. With mlo5, localized autofluorescence was reduced at attack sites by inhibitor treatment, but treatment had no effect on rates of penetration based on observations of haustorium formation. These results indicate that mlo5 resistance does not require PAL or CAD activity for its effectiveness. Therefore barley resistances due to the major Mendelian resistance alleles Mla1 (HR resistance) and mlo5 (non-HR) differ in their respective mechanisms and in the physiological bases that underlie these mechanisms. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. AFRC,INST GRASSLAND & ENVIRONM RES,ABERYSTWYTH SY23 3EB,DYFED,WALES. S DAKOTA SCH MINES & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM & CHEM ENGN,RAPID CITY,SD. RP ZEYEN, RJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,495 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 52 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 47 IS 2 BP 119 EP 140 DI 10.1006/pmpp.1995.1047 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RU928 UT WOS:A1995RU92800005 ER PT J AU RONNEBERG, TA HASEGAWA, S SUHAYDA, C OZAKI, Y AF RONNEBERG, TA HASEGAWA, S SUHAYDA, C OZAKI, Y TI LIMONOID GLUCOSIDE BETA-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY IN LEMON SEEDS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS LIMON SEEDS; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; NOMILIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; LIMONOIDS ID CITRUS-LIMON; BIOSYNTHESIS; OBACUNONE AB Radioactive tracer work demonstrated that dormant and germinated seeds of Citrus limon hydrolysed nomilin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside and liberated nomilin. The shoot portion of the germinated seeds also possessed this enzyme activity. These findings show the presence of limonoid glucoside beta-glucosidase activity in lemon seeds. This is the first study to establish the presence of such an enzyme in plant tissues. C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. RP RONNEBERG, TA (reprint author), WAKAYAMA AGR & BIOL RES INST, WAKAYAMA 64961, JAPAN. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 1995 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1305 EP 1307 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)97863-5 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RN858 UT WOS:A1995RN85800006 ER PT J AU GUSTINE, DL SHERWOOD, RT MOYER, BG AF GUSTINE, DL SHERWOOD, RT MOYER, BG TI EVIDENCE FOR A NEW CLASS OF PEPTIDE ELICITOR OF THE HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION FROM THE TOMATO PATHOGEN PSEUDOMONAS-CORRUGATA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEDICARPIN; PHYTOALEXIN ID SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; K+/H+ EXCHANGE; TOBACCO; PROTEINS; PLANTS; INVOLVEMENT; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE AB Three elicitor-active fractions were isolated from culture fluids of the rough isolate of Pseudomonas corrugata, a tomato pathogen that elicits the hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tobacco. Lyophilized, filtered culture fluids were extracted with methanol-ethyl acetate (80:20, vol/vol) to produce a water-soluble crude extract (CE). CE was partitioned with ethyl acetate to produce water-soluble aqueous (AQ) and organic (EA) fractions containing purified elicitor. P. corrugata and the three fractions were tested for their ability to elicit HR in tobacco leaves, pith necrosis in tomato, and K+/H+ exchange in tobacco tissue culture. Only P. corruga'a elicited pith necrosis in tomato; both bacteria and the fractions elicited HR in tobacco leaves; and bacteria and EA elicited K+/H+ exchange in tobacco cells. The primary component in EA, HR2, did not cause a spreading lesion in tobacco and was therefore not a toxin. HR2 was found to be 95% pure by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography, to contain a fluorescent chromophore, and to be a peptide. HR2 contains glutamic acid, tyrosine, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and/or arginine, isoleucine and/or leucine, and methionine and/or valine (approximate molar ratio 10:3:1:1:1:1:1). Since P. corrugata is a useful biocontrol agent, these elicitors may have potential use in biocontrol. RP GUSTINE, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1995 VL 85 IS 8 BP 848 EP 853 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-848 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RP609 UT WOS:A1995RP60900004 ER PT J AU SMITH, HA POWERS, H SWANEY, S BROWN, C DOUGHERTY, WG AF SMITH, HA POWERS, H SWANEY, S BROWN, C DOUGHERTY, WG TI TRANSGENIC POTATO-VIRUS-Y RESISTANCE IN POTATO - EVIDENCE FOR AN RNA-MEDIATED CELLULAR-RESPONSE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; COAT PROTEIN GENE; PLANTS; INFECTION; TOBACCO; POTYVIRUS; PROTECTION; SEQUENCE; CISTRON AB This study was undertaken to assess the potential of transgenic RNA-mediated virus resistance in potato. Transgenes that expressed various versions of the potato virus Y (PVY) coat protein (CP) open reading frame (ORF) were constructed and expressed in potato. Plants highly resistant to PVY infection could be generated by expressing transgenes from which either mRNA and CP or only an untranslatable mRNA were made. An inverse correlation between transgene transcript accumulation and virus resistance was often noted when translatable or untranslatable version:; of the PVY CP ORF were expressed. The data suggest that virus resistance is likely mediated by a host cell response. A dominant negative phenotype resulting from the transgene product competing with the viral-encoded product is not supported by the data. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,CTR GENE RES & BIOTECHNOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350. NR 31 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1995 VL 85 IS 8 BP 864 EP 870 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-864 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RP609 UT WOS:A1995RP60900007 ER PT J AU DOSS, RP WELTY, RE AF DOSS, RP WELTY, RE TI A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED PROCEDURE FOR DETECTION OF ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM IN TALL FESCUE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPICHLOE; FESCUE TOXICOSIS; FORAGE GRASS; TURF GRASS ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS; LOLIUM-PERENNE; FORAGE GRASSES; DNA; ASSOCIATION; GROWTH; SEED AB Inserts from clones of a genomic library constructed using DNA from the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum were screened using dot blots and Southern blots. Several inserts that hybridized to DNA from A, coenophialum and to DNA from endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), but not to DNA from endophyte-free (E-) grass, were sequenced. Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using DNA from E+ and E- tall fescue genotypes. PCR with one set of 21-mer primers yielded a prominent 1-kb product with DNA from A. coenophialum-infected plants but not from uninfected plants. This PCR-based procedure provides an accurate, rapid, and sensitive means of detecting A. coenophialum in tall fescue. C1 USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP DOSS, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES UNIT,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1995 VL 85 IS 8 BP 913 EP 917 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-913 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RP609 UT WOS:A1995RP60900013 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE AF Hoagland, RE TI The mycoherbicide Alternaria cassiae infects and alters phenolic metabolism of Cassia alata seedlings SO PHYTOPROTECTION LA English DT Article ID WEED COMPETITION; SICKLEPOD; OBTUSIFOLIA; BIOCONTROL; SOYBEANS; COTTON AB The mycoherbicide Alternaria cassiae, a pathogen of the weed sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), was found to infect a previously untested Cassia species, Cassia alata (ringworm bush or seven golden candlesticks). When 2-wk-old, growth chamber-grown C. alata seedlings were inoculated with 10(5) spores mL(-1) followed by a 12-h dew period, infection was apparent 16-20 h after treatment. Infection severity was proportional to spore concentration, and 10(6) spores mL(-1) caused complete mortality 4-5 d after treatment. Plant age was also a factor in disease severity and mycoherbicidal efficacy. At 10(6) spores mL(-1), 95% of 1- to 3-wk-old seedlings were killed (with severe damage to others); 3- to 4-wk-old plants had multiple lesions, growth reduction, and some leaf abscission; and 5- to 7-wk-old plants were infected with many lesions, but they outgrew these effects. Extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in treated C. alata seedlings was increased three-fold above that of untreated seedlings 17-96 h after spore application. Soluble hydroxyphenolic levels were also increased in the A. cassiae-treated seedlings, but not until 48-96 h after treatment. Results indicate an expanded host range for this plant pathogen and suggest that phenolic metabolism is increased in defense of pathogen invasion. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUEBEC SOC PROTECT PLANTS PI ST FOY PA PHYTOPROTECTION, 3488 CHEMIN SAINTE-FOY, ST FOY PQ G1X 2S8, CANADA SN 0031-9511 J9 PHYTOPROTECTION JI Phytoprotection PD AUG PY 1995 VL 76 IS 2 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TR296 UT WOS:A1995TR29600003 ER PT J AU KEYSER, J AF KEYSER, J TI NEW LIGHTEN ON OLD ART - RECENT ADVANCES IN HUNTER-GATHERER ROCK ART RESEARCH - WHITLEY,DS, LOENDORF,LL SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review RP KEYSER, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 3623,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 40 IS 153 BP 288 EP 289 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA RQ594 UT WOS:A1995RQ59400009 ER PT J AU KEYSER, J AF KEYSER, J TI ANCIENT AMERICAN INSCRIPTIONS - PLOW MARKS OR HISTORY - MCGLONE,WR, LEONARD,PM, GUTHRIE,JL, GILLESPIE,RW, WHITTALL,JP SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review RP KEYSER, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 3623,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 40 IS 153 BP 290 EP 294 PG 5 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA RQ594 UT WOS:A1995RQ59400010 ER PT J AU BAIER, AC SOMERS, DJ GUSTAFSON, JP AF BAIER, AC SOMERS, DJ GUSTAFSON, JP TI ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN WHEAT - CORRELATING HYDROPONIC EVALUATIONS WITH FIELD AND SOIL PERFORMANCES SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM; ALUMINUM; ROOTS; ACID-SOIL; HYDROPONICS; AL-TOLERANCE ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ACID; CULTIVARS; GERMPLASM AB The objective of this study was to correlate root length of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Al-containing, acidic hydroponic solutions, with root weights from acid-soil experiments and field scores from Brazilian acid-field trials. A total of 43 wheat genotypes, primarily from Brazil, were evaluated by growing seedlings for 4 days in hydroponic solutions containing 0.0-4.0 mg/l Al. The root growth rate of all the genotypes was reduced with the addition of Al to the solution and the Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant wheat genotypes were clearly identified. Genotypes with intermediate Al-tolerance levels showed variable root lengths in response to Al stress. Correlations between root length or a root tolerance index (RTI) in the Al solutions versus acid-soil experiments and acid-field trials were highly significant (r = 0.71-0.85, P < 0.01). The most significant correlation was observed among seedlings grown in 1 mg/l Al. This study presents evidence that this short duration and simple screening technique provides a highly significant correlation with previous acid-soil Al-tolerance evaluations. Furthermore, the data obtained suggest that hydroponic screening of wheat seedlings for Al tolerance may be used in breeding programmes or in screening germplasm collections. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT AGRON, PLANT SCI UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, USDA ARS, PLANT GENET RES UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. EMPRESSA BRASILEIRA PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA, CTR NACL PESQUISA TRIGO, BR-99001970 PASSO FUNDO, RS, BRAZIL. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 114 IS 4 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb01236.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TB222 UT WOS:A1995TB22200003 ER PT J AU NIE, GY LONG, SP GARCIA, RL KIMBALL, BA LAMORTE, RL PINTER, PJ WALL, GW WEBBER, AN AF NIE, GY LONG, SP GARCIA, RL KIMBALL, BA LAMORTE, RL PINTER, PJ WALL, GW WEBBER, AN TI EFFECTS OF FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS IN WHEAT, AS INDICATED BY CHANGES IN LEAF PROTEINS SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; LEAF PROTEINS; LHCII; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION; RUBISCO; SENESCENCE; THYLAKOIDS; WHEAT ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE-OXYGENASE; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; ACCLIMATION; GROWTH; LEAVES; TEMPERATURES; SENESCENCE; RESPONSES AB A spring wheat crop was grown at ambient and elevated (550 mu mol mol(-1)) CO2 concentrations under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) in the field, Four experimental blocks, each comprising 21-m-diameter FACE and control experimental areas, were used, CO2 elevation was maintained day and night from crop emergence to final grain harvest, This experiment provided a unique opportunity to examine the hypothesis that CO2 elevation in the field would lead to acclimatory changes within the photosynthetic apparatus under open field conditions and to assess whether acclimation was affected by crop developmental stage, leaf ontogeny and leaf age, Change in the photosynthetic apparatus was assessed by measuring changes in the composition of total leaf and thylakoid polypeptides separated by SDS-PAGE, For leaves at completion of emergence of the blade, growth at the elevated CO2 concentration had no apparent effect on the amount of any of the major proteins of the photosynthetic apparatus regardless of the leaf examined, Leaf 5 on the main stem was in full sunlight at emergence, but then became shaded progressively as 3-4 further leaves formed above with continued development of the crop, By 35 d following completion of blade emergence, leaf 5 was in shade, At this point, the chlorophyll alb ratio had declined by 26% both in plants grown at the control CO2 concentration and in those grown at the elevated CO2 concentration, which is indicative of shade acclimation. The ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content declined by 45% in the control leaves, but by 60% in the leaves grown at the elevated CO2 concentration, The light- harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) and the chlorophyll content showed no decrease and no difference between treatments, indicating that the decrease in Rubisco was not an effect of earlier senescence in the leaves at the elevated CO2 concentration. Following completion of the emergence of the flag-leaf blade, the elevated-CO2 treatment inhibited the further accumulation of Rubisco which was apparent in control leaves over the subsequent 14 d, From this point onwards, the flag leaves from both treatments showed a loss of Rubisco, which was far more pronounced in the elevated-CO2 treatment, so that by 36 d the Rubisco content of these leaves was just 70% of that of the controls and by 52 d it was only 20%, At 36 d, there was no decline in chlorophyll, LHCII or the chloroplast ATPase coupling factor (CFI) in the elevated CO2 concentration treatment relative to the control, By 52 d, all of these proteins showed a significant decline relative to the control, This indicates that the decreased concentration of Rubisco at this final stage probably reflected earlier senescence in the elevated-CO2 treatment, but that this was preceded by a CO2-concentration-dependent decline in Rubisco. C1 UNIV ESSEX, DEPT BIOL, COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ, ESSEX, ENGLAND. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT APPL SCI, DIV BIOSYST & PROC SCI, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. ARIZONA STATE UNIV, CTR STUDY EARLY EVENTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 43 TC 108 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 18 IS 8 BP 855 EP 864 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00594.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN778 UT WOS:A1995RN77800003 ER PT J AU VANTOAI, TT SAGLIO, P RICARD, B PRADET, A AF VANTOAI, TT SAGLIO, P RICARD, B PRADET, A TI DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF ANOXIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN MAIZE SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ABA; ABSCISIC ACID; ACCLIMATION; ANAEROBIOSIS; ANOXIC STRESS; MAIZE; FLOODING; ZEA MAYS L ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ROOT-TIPS; PLANTS; GROWTH; SUBMERGENCE; ETHYLENE; INJURY; YIELD; PEAS; CORN AB Anoxia associated with flooding stress is detrimental to plant growth and productivity. When maize seedlings 2 to 7 d old were exposed to anoxic stress, 3-d-old seedlings were found to have much lower tolerance than 2-d-old seedlings. Ninety per cent of 2-d-old seedlings survived 72 h of anoxic stress compared with 0% of the 3-d-old seedlings, Since 2-d-old isolated root tips survived anoxic stress better than 3-d-old tips, the anoxic tolerance of 2-d-old seedlings was independent of the translocation of nutrient reserves from the endosperm to the root, The addition of glucose to the medium improved the anoxia tolerance of 2-d-old seedlings by 25% but had no effect on 3-d-old seedlings, Acclimation by pre-exposure to 4% oxygen and pre-treatment with 100 mmol m(-3) abscisic acid (ABA) improved the anoxia tolerance of 3-d-old seedlings by 2- and 4-fold, respectively. However, acclimation and ABA treatment had no effect on 2-d-old seedlings, The results indicate that anoxia tolerance in maize is developmentally regulated, The mechanism of anoxia tolerance innate to 2-d-old seedlings was inducible in 3-d-old seedlings by acclimation or treatment with ABA. C1 INRA,PHYSIOL VEGETALE STN,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. RP VANTOAI, TT (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,590 WOODY HAYES DR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 18 IS 8 BP 937 EP 942 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00604.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN778 UT WOS:A1995RN77800013 ER PT J AU MCKENTLY, AH MOORE, GA DOOSTDAR, H NIEDZ, RP AF MCKENTLY, AH MOORE, GA DOOSTDAR, H NIEDZ, RP TI AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF PEANUT (ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L) EMBRYO AXES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; GERMINATING-SEEDS; TUMEFACIENS A281; ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS; GENE-TRANSFER; TRANSFER DNA; SPECIFICITY; GENOTYPE; STRAIN; TISSUE AB Transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants have been produced using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. Zygotic embryo axes from mature seed were cocultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring a binary vector that contained the genes for the scorable marker B-glucuronidase (GUS) and the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase II. Nine percent of the germinated seedlings were GUS+. Polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that GUS+ shoots and T-1 progeny contained T-DNA. Molecular characterization of one primary transformant and its T-1 and T-2 progeny plants established that T-DNA was integrated into the host genome. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT HORT SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP MCKENTLY, AH (reprint author), EPCOT,THE LAND,POB 10,000,LAKE BUENA VISTA,FL 32830, USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 11 BP 699 EP 703 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RQ475 UT WOS:A1995RQ47500005 PM 24186625 ER PT J AU FELKER, FC DOEHLERT, DC ESKINS, K AF FELKER, FC DOEHLERT, DC ESKINS, K TI EFFECTS OF RED AND BLUE-LIGHT ON THE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGY OF MAIZE KERNELS GROWN IN-VITRO SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE CORN; KERNEL CULTURE; LIGHT QUALITY; PHYTOCHROME; ZEA MAYS ID INVITRO; QUALITY AB Growth and development of plants are known to be affected by exposure to red and blue light. Mechanisms by which light quality influences gene expression in maize (Zea mays L.) embryos have not been explored. Maize kernels can be cultured in vitro allowing experimental manipulation of environmental factors during seed development. We used the in vitro kernel culture system to investigate the response of developing maize seeds, which normally develop without exposure to light, to controlled light quality. Kernels grown under red light accumulated more dry weight than those grown in darkness, whereas kernels grown under blue light accumulated less. Reciprocal color shift experiments showed that light quality during the first week in culture had more influence on kernel weight than during the subsequent three weeks in culture. Soluble sugars were higher in both light treatments than in darkness. Blue-grown kernels had higher amino acid and lower lipid levels than red-or dark-grown kernels. Embryo morphology was markedly affected by red light, under which the upper shoot axis was longer than under blue light or in darkness. Embryo morphology was influenced by light quality during the later stages of development rather than the first week. We suggest, based on these results, that gene expression in the embryo and endosperm of developing maize seeds is sensitive to light quality, and the mechanism and time dependence of this effect warrant further study. In vitro maize kernel culture affords a convenient system for such light quality experiments. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP FELKER, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 42 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1007/BF00034231 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA RY422 UT WOS:A1995RY42200004 ER PT J AU KETCHUM, REB GIBSON, DM GALLO, LG AF KETCHUM, REB GIBSON, DM GALLO, LG TI MEDIA OPTIMIZATION FOR MAXIMUM BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN CELL-CULTURES OF PACIFIC YEW SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE TAXOL; TISSUE CULTURE; TAXUS BREVIFOLIA ID CEPHALOTAXUS-HARRINGTONIA; GROWTH; TAXOL; TAXUS; INITIATION; CALLUS AB Three cell lines of Taxus brevifolia Nutt. with differing growth rates were used to assess the effects of basal salt mixtures, carbohydrates, organic nitrogen additives, vitamin formulations, and plant growth regulators on callus growth. Gamborg's B5 major salts provided significantly better growth than all other salt formulations tested. The greatest biomass was obtained with 1% total carbohydrate. The best carbohydrate combination, 0.5% fructose + 0.5% sucrose, was significantly better than all other combinations of carbohydrates tested. A complex vitamin mixture was significantly better than any one previously published vitamin formulation. Greatest rates of callus growth were obtained with 4.14 mu M (1 mg 1(-1) picloram, 0.46 mu M (0.1 mg 1(-1) kinetin, and 0.38 mu M (0.1 mg 1(-1)) abscisic acid or 0.29 mu M (0.1 mg 1(-1) gibberellic acid. Our final medium, TM5, is superior to published methods for the general callus culture of T. brevifolia. This medium has improved growth in three tested cell lines to provide doubling times of 3.5 to 5.6 days, an average 5.3-fold increase over our previously published medium. RP KETCHUM, REB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,NAA,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 42 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1007/BF00034237 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA RY422 UT WOS:A1995RY42200010 ER PT J AU EAYRE, CG BARTZ, JA CONCELMO, DE AF EAYRE, CG BARTZ, JA CONCELMO, DE TI BACTERIOPHAGES OF ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA AND ERWINIA-ANANAS ISOLATED FROM FRESH-WATER LAKES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOFT ROT; STRAINS AB Bacteriophages for Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and for E. ananas were readily isolated from freshwater lakes in Florida and Texas. Approximately 15% of enrichment cultures with 48 strains of E. carotovora yielded phage. Nineteen of 22 phages had distinct host ranges among the 62 strains and up to 10 strains were susceptible to a single phage. Among strains representing 24 serotypes, 12 of 15 phages caused plaques in lawns of 16 serotypes. Each of 13 enrichment cultures with strains of E. ananas yielded at least one phage and five distinct host range patterns emerged among host strains and phage isolates. The number of susceptible hosts for each phage ranged from one to six. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP EAYRE, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 79 IS 8 BP 801 EP 804 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RP610 UT WOS:A1995RP61000009 ER PT J AU KOBAYASHI, DY STRETCH, AW OUDEMANS, PV AF KOBAYASHI, DY STRETCH, AW OUDEMANS, PV TI A BACTERIAL LEAF-SPOT OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY HARDWOOD CUTTINGS CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS-ANDROPOGONIS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A leaf spot has been observed for several years on nursery-grown blueberry cuttings throughout southern New Jersey. A bacterium that produced a white-pigmented colony on yeast extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate agar and was nonfluorescent on King's B agar was repeatedly isolated from lesions on diseased leaves collected from various locations. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas andropogonis using diagnostic tests, Biolog, and fatty acid analysis. Infiltration of bacterial suspensions at concentrations of 10(6) and 10(8) cells per mi into leaves of 3- to 5-year-old potted plants and 1-year-old hardwood cuttings resulted in the appearance of necrotic lesions similar to leaf spot symptoms observed on plants in the field. The bacterium was reisolated from the necrotic lesions produced by these inoculations. Inoculation of blueberry isolates into cranberry leaves also caused pathogenic responses. This is believed to be the first report of a bacterial leaf spot on Vaccinium species. C1 USDA ARS,BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,CHATSWORTH,NJ. RP KOBAYASHI, DY (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 79 IS 8 BP 839 EP 842 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RP610 UT WOS:A1995RP61000017 ER PT J AU HARTMAN, GL HUANG, YH AF HARTMAN, GL HUANG, YH TI CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS ISOLATES AND DEVELOPMENT OF LATE BLIGHT ON TOMATO IN TAIWAN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; METALAXYL AB Thirteen isolates of Phytophthora infestans were grown on various solidified media. Growth of all isolates was best on rye A agar. Mean sporangia length and width ranged from 23.5 to 41.7 mu m x 13.9 to 23.4 mu m, respectively, with a length/width ratio of 1.69 to 1.92. All isolates were Al mating type and all isolates, except one isolate from potato, were classified race T1 because blight developed on three tomato lines with the Phl resistance gene. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) differed significantly (P < 0.05) by isolate on both detached tomato leaflets and pot-cultured seedlings. Isolate Pill from potato had the lowest AUDPC values on detached leaves and seedlings. Late blight occurred on tomato seedlings transplanted monthly in the central highlands of Taiwan with greatest disease severity from March to June. Field-grown tomatoes sprayed with metalaxyl once and twice per week reduced late blight AUDPC values, decreased yield losses, and increased fruit numbers, compared with the results from fewer or no sprays. Disease, measured as AUDPC, correlated negatively (P < 0.05) to yield (r = -0.82) and number of fruit (r = -0.76). C1 AVRDC,TAINAN,TAIWAN. RP HARTMAN, GL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 79 IS 8 BP 849 EP 852 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RP610 UT WOS:A1995RP61000019 ER PT J AU SCOTT, GE ZUMMO, N AF SCOTT, GE ZUMMO, N TI SIZE OF MAIZE SAMPLE NEEDED TO DETERMINE PERCENT KERNEL INFECTION BY ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD-GROWN MAIZE; INOCULATION TECHNIQUES; EARS AB Aspergillus flavus usually infects a low percentage of maize kernels, but it is a very important pathogen because it produces aflatoxin. The object of this study was to determine the needed kernel sample size per plot in replicated trials to ascertain the percentage of infection by A. flavus at a reasonable level of precision. We compared 65-, 130-, 195-, and 390-kernel sample sizes. Two experiments were simulated to determine which statistical attribute(s) was the most sensitive to changes in sample size. The changes in error mean squares and F values between 65- and 390-kernel samples were of a magnitude greater than six, which was larger than for the other statistical attributes. Based on averages of error mean squares, F values, and Spearman correlation coefficients over eight experiments with actual data, we concluded that a 390-kernel sample size is not too large, and a sample size of approximately 200 kernels should be considered a minimum. Based on other calculations, a minimum sample size of 100 kernels is needed just to have a reasonable probability of detecting the fungus when it is present. C1 MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPTL STN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP SCOTT, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 79 IS 8 BP 861 EP 864 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RP610 UT WOS:A1995RP61000031 ER PT J AU VIELLE, JP BURSON, BL BASHAW, EC HUSSEY, MA AF VIELLE, JP BURSON, BL BASHAW, EC HUSSEY, MA TI EARLY FERTILIZATION EVENTS IN THE SEXUAL AND APOSPOROUS EGG APPARATUS OF PENNISETUM-CILIARE (L) LINK SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID NONFLOWERING SEED PLANT; APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS; APOMIXIS; EPHEDRA; BARLEY AB While detailed descriptions exist on the fine structural characteristics of double fertilization in sexual angiosperms, few studies have described fertilization in apomictic species. The results of this study with buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn = Cenchrus ciliaris L.) show that differences exist between the early fertilization events in sexual and apomictic (aposporous) female gametophytes. In unpollinated sexual female gametophytes, the egg cell did not show signs of parthenogenetic activity. In contrast, autonomous egg embryony was observed in unpollinated aposporous female gametophytes. Compared with the sexual genotype, degeneration of the synergids in the aposporous female gametophyte was precocious and rapid. During the first 4 h after pollination, the chalazal end of the sexually functional egg cell remained covered by the plasma membrane. In the aposporous embryo sac, a cell wall covered the plasma membrane of the egg cell several hours before penetration of the pollen tube into the female gametophyte. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 8 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1995.08020309.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RP948 UT WOS:A1995RP94800014 ER PT J AU CHEN, ZJ SCHERTZ, KF MULLET, JE DUBELL, A HART, GE AF CHEN, ZJ SCHERTZ, KF MULLET, JE DUBELL, A HART, GE TI CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF RPOC2 IN CMS AND FERTILE LINES OF SORGHUM SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CMS (CYTOPLASMIC NUCLEAR MALE STERILITY); PLASTID GENE TRANSCRIPTION; POLLEN; RPOC2; SORGHUM ID CHLOROPLAST RNA-POLYMERASE; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE ORGANIZATION; PEA-CHLOROPLASTS; ALPHA-SUBUNIT AB A 165 bp deletion in the middle of rpoC2, the plastid gene which encodes the RNA polymerase beta '' subunit, was identified in the small-anthered types of CMS sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.). Moench, containing Al, A2, A5, and A6 cytoplasms. It was previously shown that the amino acid sequence deleted in these CMS lines is in a monocot-specific region that contains several protein motifs that are characteristic of several transcription factors. Using primers flanking the deletion in PCR analyses, various types of CMS lines, some of which are used in hybrid sorghum production, were classified into two groups. CMS lines containing Al, A2, A5, A6 cytoplasms display the deletion in rpoC2. These lines have small anthers in which pollen development is arrested at an early stage and in which usually only empty exines are found. CMS lines containing A3, A4, and 9E cytoplasms do not possess the deletion. These lines have large anthers in which pollen degenerates at a later stage. Run-on transcription assays using 15 chloroplast genes showed that chloroplast gene transcription rates are similar in CMS and fertile (maintainer and restorer) lines and F-1 in seedling leaves. Analyses of RNA blots indicated that rbcL, rpoB and rpoC2 transcripts are accumulated mainly in the leaves and low in the inflorescence tissues and pollen. These data document plastid gene expression in leaves and non-photosynthetic tissues from CMS and fertile fines of sorghum. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 799 EP 809 DI 10.1007/BF00042066 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RR096 UT WOS:A1995RR09600003 PM 7640353 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JC SMIGOCKI, AC BOHNERT, HJ AF THOMAS, JC SMIGOCKI, AC BOHNERT, HJ TI LIGHT-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF IPT FROM AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS RESULTS IN CYTOKININ ACCUMULATION AND OSMOTIC-STRESS SYMPTOMS IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO (VOL 27, PG 225, 1995) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT BIOCHEM,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 965 EP 965 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RR096 UT WOS:A1995RR09600018 ER PT J AU VIRANYI, F GULYA, TJ AF VIRANYI, F GULYA, TJ TI INTER-ISOLATE VARIATION FOR VIRULENCE IN PLASMOPARA-HALSTEDII (SUNFLOWER DOWNY MILDEW) FROM HUNGARY SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; SPORANGIA; RACE AB A total of 82 isolates of Plasmopara halstedii, collected from all production areas of Hungary between 1976 and 1993, were assessed for their virulence pattern on a standard set of sunflower differentials under glasshouse conditions. The isolates were classified into six pathogenic races each representing a particular virulence phenotype. From 1976 until 1988 all the isolates were found to be virulent only on sunflowers possessing no known resistance genes, thus classified as race 1. There was an apparent shift in the virulence of the P. halstedii population collected after 1988. Six races (1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9) were identified among the 45 samples collected between 1989 and 1993, with races 1 and 3 predominant, at a frequency of 35% each. While the increase in race virulence is undoubtedly due to selection imposed by resistant hybrids, the origin of the new races is unknown. Whether new races have arisen from the indigenous P. halstedii population, or whether they have been imported from abroad, can only be reliably determined by DNA techniques, such as fingerprinting. C1 USDA,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP VIRANYI, F (reprint author), HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST PLANT PROTECT,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 44 IS 4 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb01685.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TB772 UT WOS:A1995TB77200002 ER PT J AU BAGNALL, DJ KING, RW WHITELAM, GC BOYLAN, MT WAGNER, D QUAIL, PH AF BAGNALL, DJ KING, RW WHITELAM, GC BOYLAN, MT WAGNER, D QUAIL, PH TI FLOWERING RESPONSES TO ALTERED EXPRESSION OF PHYTOCHROME IN MUTANTS AND TRANSGENIC LINES OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA (L) HEYNH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-DAY PLANT; LIGHT QUALITY; PHOTOMORPHOGENIC MUTANTS; FLORAL INDUCTION; SINAPIS-ALBA; DEFICIENT; VERNALIZATION; ELONGATION; OVEREXPRESSION; PHOTORESPONSES AB The long-day plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. flowers early in response to brief end-of-day (EOD) exposures to far-red light (FR) following a fluorescent short day of 8 h. FR promotion of flowering was nullified by subsequent brief red light (R) EOD exposure, indicating phytochrome involvement. The EOD response to R or FR is a robust measure of phytochrome action. Along with their wild-type (WT) parents, mutants deficient in either phytochrome A or and responded similarly to the EOD treatments. Thus, neither phytochrome A nor B exclusively regulated flowering, although phytochrome B controlled hypocotyl elongation. Perhaps a third phytochrome species is important for the EOD responses of the mutants and/or their flowering is regulated by the amount of the FR-absorbing form of phytochrome, irrespective of the phytochrome species. Overexpression of phytochrome A or phytochrome 8 resulted in differing photoperiod and EOD responses among the genotypes. The day-neutral overexpressor of phytochrome A had an EOD response similar to all of the mutants and WTs, whereas R EOD exposure promoted flowering in the overexpressor of phytochrome and and FR EOD exposure inhibited this promotion. The comparisons between relative flowering times and leaf numbers at flowering of the overexpressors and their WTs were not consistent across photoperiods and light treatments, although both phytochromes A and B contributed to regulating flowering of the transgenic plants. C1 UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT BOT,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,LEICS,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94701. RP BAGNALL, DJ (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,GPO BOX 1600,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 47475] NR 49 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1495 EP 1503 DI 10.1104/pp.108.4.1495 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN848 UT WOS:A1995RN84800019 PM 7659750 ER PT J AU JIANG, BH SIREGAR, U WILLEFORD, KO LUTHE, DS WILLIAMS, WP AF JIANG, BH SIREGAR, U WILLEFORD, KO LUTHE, DS WILLIAMS, WP TI ASSOCIATION OF A 33-KILODALTON CYSTEINE PROTEINASE FOUND IN CORN CALLUS WITH THE INHIBITION OF FALL ARMYWORM LARVAL GROWTH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; GERMPLASM LINE; MAIZE; EXPRESSION; NOCTUIDAE; PURIFICATION; REGISTRATION; SEEDS AB Protein patterns of callus from corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds that are either resistant or susceptible to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]) were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Fall armyworm larvae reared on callus initiated from resistant inbreds were significantly smaller than those reared on callus of susceptible inbreds. A 33-kD protein found in callus from the resistant inbreds Mp704 and Mp708 was absent in callus from the susceptible inbreds Tx601 and Ab24E. However, a 36-kD protein found in Ab24E callus immunoreacted with polyclonal antibody raised against the 33-kD protein. When Mp704 nonfriable callus changed to friable, larval growth was not inhibited and the 33-kD protein was absent. There was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of the 33-kD protein in the callus and the weight of the larvae feeding on the callus in the F-2 progeny of Mp704 x Tx601. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 33-kD protein suggested that it was cysteine proteinase. Purification of the 33-(Mp708) and 36-kD (Ab24E) proteins indicated that they were both cysteine proteinases. The 33-kD cysteine proteinase had 7-fold higher specific activity than the 36-kD enzyme. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,CORN HOST PLANT RESISTANCE RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1631 EP 1640 DI 10.1104/pp.108.4.1631 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN848 UT WOS:A1995RN84800034 PM 7659755 ER PT J AU GRUSAK, MA AF GRUSAK, MA TI WHOLE-ROOT IRON(III)-REDUCTASE ACTIVITY THROUGHOUT THE LIFE-CYCLE OF IRON-GROWN PISUM-SATIVUM L (FABACEAE) - RELEVANCE TO THE IRON NUTRITION OF DEVELOPING SEEDS SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE IRON (NUTRITION, UPTAKE); IRON(III)-REDUCTASE; PHLOEM; PISUM; SEED NUTRITION; SHOOT-TO-ROOT COMMUNICATION ID TOMATO LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; STRESS RESPONSE MECHANISM; FE-EFFICIENCY; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; REDUCTION; DEFICIENCY; MOBILIZATION; TRANSPORT; PLANTS; MUTANT AB To understand the whole-plant processes which influence the Fe nutrition of developing seeds, we have characterized root Fe(III)-reductase activity and quantified whole-plant Fe balance throughout the complete 10-week (10-wk) life cycle of pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Sparkle). Plants were grown hydroponically in complete nutrient solution with a continuous supply of chelated Fe; all side shoots were removed at first appearance to yield plants with one main shoot. Root Fe(III)-reductase activity was assayed with Fe(III)-EDTA. Flowering of the experimental plants began on wk 4 and continued until wk 6; seed growth and active seed import occurred during wks 5-10. Vegetative growth terminated at wk 6. Iron(III) reduction in whole-root systems was found to be dynamically modulated throughout the plant's life cycle, even though the plants were maintained on an Fe source. Iron(III)-reductase activity ranged from 1-3 mu mol Fe reduced . g(-1) DW . h(-1) at early and late stages of the life cycle to 9.5 mu mol Fe reduced . g(-1) DW . h(-1) at wk 6. Visual assays demonstrated that Fe(III)-reductase activity was localized to extensive regions of secondary and tertiary lateral roots during this peak activity. At midstages of growth (wks 6-7), root Fe(III)-reductase activity could be altered by changes in internal shoot Fe demand or external root Fe supply: removal of all pods or interruption of phloem transport from the reproductive portion of the shoot (to the roots) resulted in lowered root Fe(III)-reductase activity, while removal of Fe from the nutrient solution resulted in a stimulation of this activity. Total shoot Fe content increased throughout the 10-wk growth period, with Fe content in the non-seed tissues of the shoot declining by 50% of their maximal level and accounting for 35% of final seed Fe content. At maturity, total seed Fe represented 74% of total shoot Fe; total Fe in the roots (apoplasmic and symplasmic Fe combined) was minimal. These studies demonstrate that the root Fe(III)-reductase system responds to Fe status and/or Fe requirements of the shoot, apparently through shoot-to-root communication involving a phloem-mobile signal. During active seed-fill, enhanced root Fe(III)-reductase activity is necessary to generate sufficient Fe2+ for continued root Fe acquisition. This continuing Fe supply to the shoot is essential for the developing seeds to attain their Fe-content potential. Increased rates of root Fe(III) reduction would be necessary for seed Fe content to be enhanced in Pisum sativum. RP GRUSAK, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA,AGR RES SERV,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 33 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 1995 VL 197 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RW200 UT WOS:A1995RW20000014 ER PT J AU DEATON, JW AF DEATON, JW TI THE EFFECT OF EARLY FEED RESTRICTION ON BROILER PERFORMANCE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; BROILER; EARLY FEED RESTRICTION; GROWTH; ABDOMINAL FAT ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; ABDOMINAL FAT; GROWTH; CHICKS; AGE AB In an attempt to determine the effect of early feed restriction on broiler performance, nine trials were conducted. Feed restriction was based on previous 24-h feed consumption values of the full-fed control groups. Feed restriction was from either 7 to 14 d of age (Trials 1 to 5) or 8 to 16 d of age (Trials 6 to 9). The treatments for Trials 1 to 5 were 90, 75, and 60% of previous 24-h feed consumption of full-fed controls. The treatments for Trials 6 to 9 were 80 and 60% of previous 24-h feed consumption of full-fed controls. Early feed restriction did not affect abdominal fat. Early feed restriction did improve feed conversion (grams of feed:BW). Males and females equated at 41 d of age for an 8% reduction (90% feed restriction) at 14 d of age when compared with full-fed control broilers. Neither females or males could overcome a 17 or 18% weight reduction (75% feed restriction) at 14 d of age by 41 d of age. At 48 or 49 d of age, both males and females could equate in weight with full-fed control broilers for a weight reduction of 27 and 31% (60% feed restriction) at 16 d of age. Mortality or deformed legs did not differ between any of the comparisons. RP DEATON, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1280 EP 1286 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RL185 UT WOS:A1995RL18500005 PM 7479505 ER PT J AU KUBENA, LF EDRINGTON, TS KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C HARVEY, RB ELISSALDE, MH ROTTINGHAUS, GE AF KUBENA, LF EDRINGTON, TS KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C HARVEY, RB ELISSALDE, MH ROTTINGHAUS, GE TI EFFECTS OF FEEDING FUMONISIN B-1 PRESENT IN FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME CULTURE MATERIAL AND AFLATOXIN SINGLY AND IN COMBINATION TO TURKEY POULTS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FUMONISIN B-1; AFLATOXINS; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; TOXICITY; TURKEY ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; TOXICITY; CHICKS; SWINE; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; DUCKLINGS AB Diets containing 200 mg fumonisin B-1/kg of feed and .75 mg aflatoxin/kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female turkey poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 10% by fumonisin B-1, 39% by aflatoxins, and 47% by the combination. Relative weights (grams/100 g body weight) of the kidney and pancreas increased in poults fed the diet containing aflatoxins alone, whereas the relative weight of the liver decreased. Relative weights of the liver and pancreas increased in the poults fed the fumonisin diet. Relative weights of the kidney, pancreas, and gizzard increased in the poults fed the combination diet, whereas the relative weight of the liver decreased. Most serum constituents, hematology values, and activities of enzymes measured were altered in poults receiving the diets containing aflatoxins with or without fumonisin B-1. No major histological lesions were observed in tissues from control poults or poults fed the diet containing fumonisin alone. Lesions associated with aflatoxins were only observed in the liver and occasionally in the kidney of poults fed the diets containing aflatoxins with or without fumonisin B-1. The primary hepatic change was bile duct hyperplasia with some hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis and megalocytosis. Occasional necrotic and degenerating tubular epithelial cells were observed in the kidneys. The increased toxicity in poults fed the combination diet for most variables can best be described as additive, although some variables showed less than additive toxicity. Although toxicity due to fumonisin B1 was shown, it must be pointed out that these concentrations are not likely to be encountered under field conditions. However, other stress factors may be present that could alter the toxicity observed under these controlled experimental conditions. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP KUBENA, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 39 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1295 EP 1303 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RL185 UT WOS:A1995RL18500007 PM 7479507 ER PT J AU ZHANG, S LILLEHOJ, HS RUFF, MD AF ZHANG, S LILLEHOJ, HS RUFF, MD TI CHICKEN TUMOR NECROSIS-LIKE FACTOR .1. IN-VITRO PRODUCTION BY MACROPHAGES STIMULATED WITH EIMERIA-TENELLA OR BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; MACROPHAGES; COCCIDIA; EIMERIA ID MONONUCLEAR CELL-LINE; TUMORICIDAL ACTIVITY; DERMAL FIBROBLASTS; TNF-ALPHA; CACHECTIN; ENDOTOXIN; ESTABLISHMENT; PURIFICATION; LYMPHOTOXIN; LYMPHOCYTES AB HD11, a transformed avian macrophage cell line, and chicken peripheral blood leukocyte-derived macrophages (PBL-M phi) were stimulated with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Eimeria tenella sporozoites and merozoites. The specific cytotoxicities of the culture supernatants against different target cell lines were measured, and the kinetics of tumor necrosis-like factor (TNF) production by HD11 and PBL-M phi were also measured. The results showed that HD11 and PBL-Md secreted a TNF-like factor when stimulated with Eimeria parasites or LPS. A time- and dose-dependent TNF-like factor production by PBL-M phi was observed poststimulation with Eimeria parasites. Chicken TNF-like factor preferentially kills CHCC OU-2 cells, a fibroblast cell line of chicken origin, when compared to LM cells, a murine cell line used for mammalian TNF. This study indicates that chicken M phi produce a significant level of TNF-Like factor following coccidial infection. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1304 EP 1310 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RL185 UT WOS:A1995RL18500008 PM 7479508 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, HS HAMMAD, SM LEACH, RM BARBATO, GF GREEN, MH MARKS, HL AF SIEGEL, HS HAMMAD, SM LEACH, RM BARBATO, GF GREEN, MH MARKS, HL TI DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL AND FAT-SATURATION EFFECTS ON PLASMA ESTERIFIED AND UNESTERIFIED CHOLESTEROL IN SELECTED LINES OF JAPANESE-QUAIL FEMALES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE JAPANESE QUAIL; CHOLESTEROL; FAT SATURATION; CHOLESTERYL ESTERS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS ID COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; DIVERGENT SELECTION; EGG-YOLK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN; GENERATIONS; PREVENTION; RESPONSES; WEIGHTS AB Three lines of Japanese quail females, randombred controls (CL), high response (HL), and low response (LL) lines, selected for plasma total cholesterol for 18 generations, were fed all-plant-source, nonatherogenic diets to which 0 or .5% cholesterol were added from 6 to 18 wk of age. In all three lines, plasma cholesterol increased when cholesterol was fed; however, responses were greater in the HL than in the LL line, with CL intermediate. In a second experiment, females of the three lines were fed, from 6 to 14 wk of age, four isocaloric, isonitrogenous plant-source diets to which were added: 1) 10% glucose monohydrate (cerelose); 2) 10% cerelose + .1% cholesterol; 3) 4% corn oil; or 4) 4% coconut oil. Baseline data obtained before feeding experimental diets indicated that the HL had significantly higher plasma total, esterified (EC) and unesterified (UEC) cholesterol than LL and that nonovulating females had higher concentrations of esterified cholesterol than ovulating females. Diets used did not affect cholesterol fractions in the ovulating females, although there were significant differences among lines. Dietary cholesterol significantly increased the ratio of EC to UEC. Sclerotic lesion scores were higher in the HL than the LL birds and in birds fed the coconut oil diet. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT NUTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP SIEGEL, HS (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1370 EP 1380 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RL185 UT WOS:A1995RL18500017 PM 7479517 ER PT J AU HURD, HS KANEENE, JB AF HURD, HS KANEENE, JB TI APPLICATION OF A STOCHASTIC DISTRIBUTED DELAY SIMULATION-MODEL TO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CLINICAL RESPIRATORY-DISEASE IN A DAIRY-CATTLE POPULATION SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; MODELING; BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE ID SYSTEMS AB A stochastic distributed delay simulation model was applied in studying the epidemiology of clinical respiratory disease in a dairy cattle population. The predictive ability of the model was tested against data from the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) in Michigan. Using the annual incidence density (aID) as outcome, model predicted aIDs were compared with those observed from the actual data. The model results did not significantly differ from the observed 66% of the time. Observations of model behavior acid applications of this modeling approach are discussed. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR POPULAT MED,CTR VET MED A109,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,APHIS,VS,CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(95)00469-D PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RT645 UT WOS:A1995RT64500004 ER PT J AU GASKELL, J VANDENWYMELENBERG, A CULLEN, D AF GASKELL, J VANDENWYMELENBERG, A CULLEN, D TI STRUCTURE, INHERITANCE, AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS OF PCE1, AN INSERTIONAL ELEMENT WITHIN PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENE LIPI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATION; EXPRESSION; NEUROSPORA; FAMILY AB A 1747-bp insertion within a lignin peroxidase allele of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 is described. Pce1, the element, lies immediately adjacent to the fourth intron of lipI2. Southern blots reveal the presence of Pce1-homologous sequences in other P, chrysosporium strains. Transposon-like features include inverted terminal repeats and a dinucleotide (TA) target duplication. Atypical of transposons, Pce1 is present at very low copy numbers (one to five copies), and conserved transposase motifs are lacking. The mutation transcriptionally inactivates lipI2 and is inherited in a 1:1 Mendelian fashion among haploid progeny, Thus, Pce1 is a transposon-like element that may play a significant role in generating ligninolytic variation in certain P. chrysosporium strains. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 16 BP 7465 EP 7469 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7465 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RM722 UT WOS:A1995RM72200068 PM 7638214 ER PT J AU HOLLINGWORTH, RM KURIHARA, N MIYAMOTO, J OTTO, S PAULSON, GD AF HOLLINGWORTH, RM KURIHARA, N MIYAMOTO, J OTTO, S PAULSON, GD TI DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ACTIVE METABOLITES OF AGROCHEMICALS AND RELATED XENOBIOTICS IN ANIMALS (TECHNICAL REPORT) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; FAD-CONTAINING MONOOXYGENASE; HYDROXYMETHYL SULFATE ESTER; MEDIATED COVALENT BINDING; PROSTAGLANDIN-H-SYNTHASE; LOW-DOSE EXTRAPOLATION; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION; CYTOCHROME-P-450 ENZYMES; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; RISK ASSESSMENT AB The production of active metabolites from agrochemicals, particularly pesticides, is a common event and often determines the nature and extent of the toxicological responses observed in both target and non-target species. The various pathways of mammalian metabolism by which agrochemicals are converted to toxicologically more active metabolites are reviewed and illustrated with examples. Methods to detect, measure and study active metabolites are discussed. The relative importance of these pathways are compared in various test animals and humans and other factors influencing the pathways of production and destruction of active metabolites are described. It is concluded that improved approaches to risk assessment are needed for agrochemicals that, where appropriate, take into account the complexities of their activation reactions and of species differences in the generation and responses to active metabolites. C1 KYOTO UNIV, RADIOISOTOPE RES CTR, KYOTO 606, JAPAN. SUMITOMO CHEM CO LTD, CHUO KU, OSAKA 451, JAPAN. BASF AG, LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHE VERSUCHSSTN, W-6703 LIMBURGERHOF, GERMANY. USDA ARS, BIOSCI RES LAB, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. RP HOLLINGWORTH, RM (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, PESTICIDE RES CTR, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RI Otto, Sijbren/E-9568-2014 NR 257 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 67 IS 8-9 BP 1487 EP 1532 DI 10.1351/pac199567081487 PG 46 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP763 UT WOS:A1995RP76300027 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD KNIGHT, SS COOPER, CM AF SHIELDS, FD KNIGHT, SS COOPER, CM TI INCISED STREAM PHYSICAL HABITAT RESTORATION WITH STONE WEIRS SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Regulated Streams (SISORS II) CY AUG 03-06, 1994 CL UNIV S BOHEMIA, FAC BIOL SCI, CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC HO UNIV S BOHEMIA, FAC BIOL SCI DE PHYSICAL HABITAT RESTORATION; INCISED STREAMS; STONE WEIRS AB The initial results are described of the restoration of 1 km long reach of Goodwin Creek, a channelized sand and gravel bed warm-water stream draining a 21 km(2) lowland catchment in north-west Mississippi. Although a series of grade control weirs and bank protection works had been constructed before restoration, sediment production from channel erosion remained high (>1200 t km(-2) y(-1)) and aquatic habitats were of poor value. At base flow, only 5-20% of the water area was classified as pool habitat (depth >30 cm and velocity <10 cm s(-1)). Restoration works were designed to be compatible with existing channel stabilization works and economic critera. Stone was added to extend the existing groynes across the base flow channel to create 18 small weirs. The effects of restoration were quantified by collecting fish and physical habitat data semi-annually for two years before and during the first year after restoration from the restored reach and from two reference streams. Restoration increased pool habitat availability, overall physical heterogeneity, riparian vegetation, shade and woody debris density. After restoration, mean width, depth and velocity exhibited changes of +56, +150 and -56%, respectively, despite discharge levels that averaged 43% lower during data collection periods. The pool area increased to 72% of the water area. Bed types became more heterogeneous, with larger fractions of clay, debris and riprap, and less sand and gravel. The fish response to restoration measures was modest, but distinct. Before restoration cyprinids and centrarchids comprised 74 and 11%, respectively, of the numerical catch, but 32 and 55% after restoration. Fish species composition and relative abundance after restoration were slightly more similar to that of the non-incised reference site than before restoration. The median lengths of five selected fish species were greater after restoration, but were unchanged at reference sites. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2-4 BP 181 EP 198 DI 10.1002/rrr.3450100213 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA RQ941 UT WOS:A1995RQ94100012 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, JC AF RITCHIE, JC TI AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS OF LANDSCAPE TOPOGRAPHY SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Measurements of topography can provide a wealth of information on landscape properties for managing hydrologic and geologic systems and conserving natural and agricultural resources. This article discusses the application of an airborne laser altimeter to measure topography and other landscape surface properties. The airborne laser altimeter makes 4000 measurements per second with a vertical recording resolution of 5 cm. Data are collected digitally with a personal computer. A video camera, borehole sighted with the laser, records an image for locating flight lines. CPS data are used to locate flight line positions on the landscape. Laser data were used to measure vegetation canopy topography, height, cover and distribution and to measure microtopography of the land surface and gullies with depths of 15-20 cm. Macrotopography of landscape profiles for segments up to 4 km were in agreement with available topographic maps but provided more detail. Larger gullies with and without vegetation, and stream channel cross sections and their associated floodplains have also been measured and reported in other publications. Landscape segments for any length could be measured for either micro- or macrotopography. Airborne laser altimeter measurements of landscape profiles can provide detailed information on landscape properties or specific needs that will allow better decisions on the design and location of structures (i.e., roads, pipe, and power lines) and for improving the management and conservation of natural and agricultural landscapes. RP RITCHIE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BARC W,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 53 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00043-Z PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RR224 UT WOS:A1995RR22400005 ER PT J AU BROWN, F AF BROWN, F TI ANTIBODY RECOGNITION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARG GLY ASP TRIPLET; CELL ATTACHMENT; FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE; GH LOOP ID ANTIGENIC SITES; SURFACE; PROTEIN; MUTANTS AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus occurs as seven distinct serotypes which do not display any cross neutralization. There is also considerable antigenic variation within each serotype. This variation is surprising because, in all of the many isolates of the virus that have been sequenced the triplet Arg Gly Asp, which is important in cell attachment, is present as residues 145, 146, 147 on a prominent surface loop of VP1, one of the four capsid proteins. However, this triplet is surrounded by amino acids which vary considerably between isolates. Moreover; a single amino acid substitution in the immediate vicinity of the Arg Gly Asp triplet, at positions 148 or 153, is sufficient to confer specificity. This variation has considerable implications for virus-antibody interaction for the control of the disease by vaccination. RP BROWN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1006/smvy.1995.0029 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA RU694 UT WOS:A1995RU69400005 ER PT J AU HALVORSON, JJ SMITH, JL AF HALVORSON, JJ SMITH, JL TI DECOMPOSITION OF LUPINE BIOMASS BY SOIL-MICROORGANISMS IN DEVELOPING MOUNT ST-HELENS PYROCLASTIC SOILS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEMI-DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; CARBON; SUCCESSION; HISTORIES; GROWTH; UTAH AB Legumes like Lupinus lepidus and L. latifolius affect soil C and N concentrations and microbial activity in Mount St. Helens' pyroclastic deposits. Concentrations of total Kjeldahl-N (TKN), total soluble-C (TOC) were measured in soil from under live L. lepidus (LULE), live L. latifolius (LULA) and dead L. lepidus (DEAD), and in bare soil (BARE). Soil microbial biomass-C estimated by substrate-induced respiration (SIR-C), metabolic quotient (qCO(2)) and C and N mineralization from lupine biomass-amended and non-amended soils were also estimated. The greatest concentrations of TKN, TOC and SIR-C were observed near the surface. In surface soil (0-5 cm), LULA soil contained the highest concentrations of TKN, TOC and SIR-C followed by DEAD, LULE and BARE plant-soil types, respectively. The concentrations of H2O-C were relatively constant among different plant-soil types and depths. Changes in qCO(2) with depth varied with plant-soil type. While TOC was strongly and linearly correlated with TKN, the relationship between SIR-C and both TKN and TOC was curvilinear and suggested a carrying capacity for SIR-C of about 400 kg microbial biomass-C ha(-1). In an incubation study, the patterns of cumulative net respiration were similar to those observed for TKN and TOC (i.e. LULA > DEAD > LULE > BARE). Soils amended with L. (atifolius biomass had a higher rate of net N mineralization than soils amended with L. lepidus biomass. Low amounts of TOC, TKN and soluble C, together with zero net N mineralization in some amended soils, suggest that microbial communities in Mount St. Helens' soils are N limited. Competition for inorganic-N between microorganisms and plants may thus be an important controlling mechanism for succession. RP HALVORSON, JJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 983 EP 992 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(95)00026-B PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RH034 UT WOS:A1995RH03400001 ER PT J AU KUYKENDALL, LD HUNTER, WJ AF KUYKENDALL, LD HUNTER, WJ TI SYMBIOTIC INEFFECTIVENESS OF TRPCD DELETION MUTANTS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; GENE AB Genes responsible for tryptophan biosynthesis are thought to be essential for symbiotic competence of Bradyrhizobium 2 japonicum. The B. japonicum trpCD region, cloned as a 2.8-kb HindIII-BamHI fragment, had an internal 1.2-kb SmaI fragment that was deleted and replaced in vitro with interposon omega carrying a gene specifying streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance. Site-directed marker exchange mutagenesis of the B. japonicum genome was performed in vivo and the construction of deletion mutants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis of the DNA of the exconjugants. Since the trpCD deletion mutants grew on indole they evidently were unaffected in expression of trpAB and we interpret these data as indicating that the organization of the genes for tryptophan biosynthesis in B.japonicum differs from that of enterics. The new Trp(-) deletion mutants lacked activities for the trpC- and trpD-encoded enzymes, indole glycerol phosphate synthase (EC 4.1.1.48) and phosphoribosyl anthranilate transferase (EC 2.4.2.18), respectively, but had a higher specific activity for the trpEG-encoded enzyme, anthranilate synthase (EC 4.1.3.27). The new trpCD deletion mutants failed to effectively nodulate soybean. Thus, we conclusively demonstrate the essential role of trpCD in symbiosis. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP KUYKENDALL, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH-19,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMOREE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1035 EP 1039 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(95)00013-5 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RH034 UT WOS:A1995RH03400008 ER PT J AU REDDY, GB REINERT, RA EASON, G AF REDDY, GB REINERT, RA EASON, G TI LOBLOLLY-PINE NEEDLE NUTRIENT AND SOIL ENZYME-ACTIVITY AS INFLUENCED BY OZONE AND ACID-RAIN CHEMISTRY SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; FOREST DECLINE; ECTOMYCORRHIZAE; SEEDLINGS; FAMILIES; EUROPE; TAEDA AB Atmospheric air pollutants such as acid rain and O-3 are present throughout the Southeastern U.S.A. and are known to suppress tree growth and crop productivity. Precipitation chemistry has shown changes in the ratio of N and S compounds in recent years. A greenhouse study was conducted using continuous stirred tank reactor chambers to determine the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) chemistry, O-3 and their interaction on loblolly pine seedling biomass, loblolly pine secondary needle nutrient content and soil enzyme activities. The seedlings were exposed to 0, 80, 160, 240 or 320 nl O-3 l(-1) at SAR pH 4.3 with two ratios of N-to-S (7N-to-3S and 3N-to-7S) for 11 wk. The secondary needle and root biomass were significantly suppressed by increasing O-3 concentrations. A decreased content of P, Ca and Mg in secondary needles was also found with increasing O-3 concentration. Neither SAR chemistry (N-to-S ratios) or the interaction of SAR chemistry and O-3 had significant effects on loblolly pine seedling biomass. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities were dependent on SAR chemistry. The activity of soil acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase was inhibited by O-3 when S application through simulated acid rain was higher (7-to-3, S-to-N). The inhibitory effects appeared at 160 nl O-3 l(-1) for acid phosphatase and 240 nl O-3 l(-1) for arylsulfatase. Dehydrogenase activity was not affected by either O-3 or SAR chemistry. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,AIR QUAL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP REDDY, GB (reprint author), N CAROLINA AGR & TECH STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DESIGN,GREENSBORO,NC 27411, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1059 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(95)00010-C PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RH034 UT WOS:A1995RH03400011 ER PT J AU STAHL, PD PARKIN, TB EASH, NS AF STAHL, PD PARKIN, TB EASH, NS TI SOURCES OF ERROR IN DIRECT MICROSCOPIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF FUNGAL BIOMASS IN SOIL SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; HYPHAL LENGTHS; AGAR-FILM; LITTER AB Sources of error in direct microscopic measurement of fungal hyphae in soil were examined and fungal biomass estimates and associated variability obtained by the direct counting method and the ergosterol technique were compared. Nested random effects ANOVA indicated that the major source of variance in the direct microscopic counting method were the people examining the prepared microscope slides, accounting for 83% of the total variance. Sampling variability accounted for approximately 14% of the total variance. Fungal biomass values calculated from soil ergosterol concentrations were close to the range of values derived from hyphal length estimates but coefficients of variation were much lower for soil ergosterol determinations (6-13%) than for hyphal length estimates (16-32%). For one soil sample, we compared total hyphal length and fungal biomass estimates from our lab to those of another lab. Values obtained by the other laboratory were outside the range of values and 95% confidence intervals reached in our lab. Comparison of fungal hyphal length estimates from undisturbed prairie soil and an adjacent cultivated soil indicated that the undisturbed soil contained more than twice as much fungal biomass. Results of our study indicate: (1) extreme caution must be used when comparing hyphal length and fungal biomass estimates made by different laboratories using the direct counting method; and (2) soil ergosterol determinations can provide information on fungal biomass that may be useful in comparing direct count estimates by different labs. RP STAHL, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. OI Eash, Neal/0000-0001-9141-4302 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)00204-E PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RH034 UT WOS:A1995RH03400015 ER PT J AU BLANK, RR SVEJCAR, TJ RIEGEL, GM AF BLANK, RR SVEJCAR, TJ RIEGEL, GM TI SOIL GENESIS AND MORPHOLOGY OF A MONTANE MEADOW IN THE NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA RANGE SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOREST AB Given the importance of riparian areas in the western United States, knowledge about the spatial distribution, properties, and genesis of these soils is surprisingly limited. In conjunction with an interdisciplinary study of the impacts of grazing on soils and vegetation, we Characterized three pedons along a hydrologic gradient on a montane meadow of the northern Sierra Nevada range. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal indicates that meadow pedogenesis began approximately 3600 years B.P., after a catastrophic valley erosional event. Since that time, nearly 1 meter of soil has accumulated over a basal glaciolacustrine unit. Critical factors and processes influencing soil genesis and morphology include: seasonal variation in soil redox status, frigid soil temperatures, additions of volcanic tephra, wildfires, and polygenesis related to Holocene climatic, hydrologic, and vegetation changes. Argillans are present on ped faces of certain soil horizons, which suggests extended dry periods at which time clay pervection occurred. Clay mineralogy is disjunct; surface horizons are dominated by kaolinite and underlying horizons by smectite. The high clay content of such youthful soils suggests rapid primary mineral weathering. Charcoal-containing strata attest to frequent wildfires during the Holocene epoch. The spatial complexity of soil patterns and their properties infers that these riparian areas are dynamic, and their character may have been shaped by previous climatic patterns. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,BURNS,OR 97720. US FOREST SERV,SILVICULTURE LAB,BEND,OR 97701. RP BLANK, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT BIOL RANGELANDS UNIT,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 160 IS 2 BP 136 EP 152 DI 10.1097/00010694-199516020-00007 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RQ679 UT WOS:A1995RQ67900007 ER PT J AU TAO, WY MOREAU, JP CALAMARI, TA AF TAO, WY MOREAU, JP CALAMARI, TA TI KENAF MATS - PROPERTIES OF NONWOVEN MATS FROM KENAF FIBER SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BATTS; CARDING; COTTON; END USE; FIBER MATS; FIBERS; KENAF; LIGNINS; MIXTURES; NEEDLING; NONWOVENS; POLYPROPYLENE; PROCESSING; PROPERTIES; SODIUM HYDROXIDE AB Raw kenaf fiber consists of coarse bundles of ultimate cells (fibers) held together by lignin and pectins. These fibers must be refined for easier refining through nonwoven equipment. Kenaf was treated with sodium hydroxide to partially extract lignin and separate the fiber bundles. The concentration and duration of sodium hydroxide treatment were varied to determine optimum conditions. Treated kenaf fibers were opened, carded, and then needlepunched into sturdy nonwoven mats containing 100% kenaf or kenaf/cotton blends. Blended mats of kenaf/cotton retained more oil than mats prepared from polypropylene fibers. Other potential applications for these biodegradable mats include prevention of soil erosion, weed control, and the cleanup of waste liquids. RP TAO, WY (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,COTTON INC,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 8 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA RN096 UT WOS:A1995RN09600025 ER PT J AU BORMETT, DW LEBOW, PK ROSS, NJ KLUNGNESS, JH AF BORMETT, DW LEBOW, PK ROSS, NJ KLUNGNESS, JH TI ADHESIVES REMOVAL - REMOVAL OF HOT-MELT ADHESIVES WITH THROUGH-FLOW CLEANERS SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ADHESIVES; CLEANERS; CLEANING; DENSITY; EFFICIENCY; HOT MELTS; PARTICLE SIZE; REMOVAL; TEMPERATURE AB This study is a follow-up to a series of experiments involving the effect of hot-melt adhesive (HMA) density on through-flow cleaner HMA removal efficiency. The trials reported in this study evaluated the effects of HMA particle sine and pulp slurry temperature as well as HMA density. Pilot-scale, preparation, and separation sequences were established to assess the HMA particle removal efficiencies. Results show that HMA particle density, pulp slurry temperature, and HMA particle size direct the removal efficiency of HMA particles. Data are presented showing the effect of each of these variables on removal efficiencies. In the range investigated, particle size did not have a large effect an removal efficiency. A mathematical relationship was developed, and the correlation of determination was 0.832. Future studies should include the effect of HMA particle shape on removal efficiency. RP BORMETT, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 8 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA RN096 UT WOS:A1995RN09600028 ER PT J AU HARPER, RJ MORRIS, CE RUPPENICKER, GF AF HARPER, RJ MORRIS, CE RUPPENICKER, GF TI FINISHING COTTON FABRIC DERIVED FROM MERCERIZED FIBERS SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE ABRASION RESISTANCE; COTTON CROSS-LINKING; DURABLE PRESS; FIBER MERCERIZATION; FINISHING; MERCERIZATION AB Durable press finishes were applied to several plain weave cotton sheeting fabrics with the same construction. The fabrics included a control fabric made from unmercerized cotton fibers, a second fabric made from mercerized cotton fibers and a third fabric made from unmercerized fibers that was mercerized after weaving. The strength and abrasion properties of these fabrics after durable press finishing were measured. The durable press finished samples derived from the fiber mercerized fabrics showed substantially greater tearing strength than similar samples derived from the other two fabrics. However, this improvement in strength properties did not translate into improved abrasion resistance. RP HARPER, RJ (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RQ049 UT WOS:A1995RQ04900008 ER PT J AU HEBERT, JJ THIBODEAUX, DP SHOFNER, FM SINGLETARY, JK PATELKE, DB AF HEBERT, JJ THIBODEAUX, DP SHOFNER, FM SINGLETARY, JK PATELKE, DB TI A NEW SINGLE-FIBER TENSILE TESTER SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A new instrument for single fiber tensile testing is evaluated and data from two cotton species are presented. The instrument allows rapid accumulation of data that, before inception, were extremely tedious and labor intensive to obtain. Results include tensile strength and percent elongation at different gauge lengths and rates of extension, and an optical measure of fiber diameter or ribbon width as well as an indication of the extent of convolutions. C1 ZELLWEGER USTER,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP HEBERT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 440 EP 444 DI 10.1177/004051759506500802 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RK184 UT WOS:A1995RK18400002 ER PT J AU GOYNES, WR MOREAU, JP DELUCCA, AJ INGBER, BF AF GOYNES, WR MOREAU, JP DELUCCA, AJ INGBER, BF TI BIODETERIORATION OF NONWOVEN FABRICS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The use of nonwoven fabrics in disposable, convenience products generates high quantities of wastes that are not biodegradable. Synthetic fibers provide a major source of materials for these disposable products. Because synthetics are generally less biodegradable than natural fibers, it appears that for maximum degradability, natural fibers are a likely choice of materials for disposable goods. To compare rates of biodeterioration for natural and synthetic fibers, we examined changes in the structure and strength of nonwoven fabrics containing cotton and polypropylene, a synthetic fiber widely used in nonwovens, after controlled exposure of fabrics to fungi normally found in soil. Fungi grew extensively only on cotton fibers. Fungal growth rates were highest on 100% cotton and decreased to zero on 100% polypropylene. Significant losses in strength occurred only in samples with a high cotton content. Progression of cotton fiber deterioration was followed using the microscope until only polypropylene fibers remained in the fabrics. RP GOYNES, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1177/004051759506500809 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RK184 UT WOS:A1995RK18400009 ER PT J AU MASUELLI, RW TANIMOTO, EY BROWN, CR COMAI, L AF MASUELLI, RW TANIMOTO, EY BROWN, CR COMAI, L TI IRREGULAR MEIOSIS IN A SOMATIC HYBRID BETWEEN S-BULBOCASTANUM AND SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM DETECTED BY SPECIES-SPECIFIC PCR MARKERS AND CYTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM; POTATO; RAPD; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; SCAR ID BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; RESISTANCE GENES; RAPD MARKERS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; BREVIDENS; POLYMORPHISMS; POLYPLOIDS; TOMATO AB A system of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was developed to facilitate the transfer of S. bulbocastanum (blb) genes into the S. tuberosum (tbr) genome by hybridization and backcrossing. DNA from tbr, blb and the hexaploid hybrid was used as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Polymorphic RAPD products, originating from 10-mer primers, specific for bib were cloned and sequenced at their ends to allow the synthesis of 18-mer primers. The 18-mer primers allowed a more reproducible assay than the corresponding RAPDs. Of eight 18-mer primer pairs, four amplified the expected products specific for bib. However, the stringency of the primer annealing conditions needed to be carefully optimized to avoid amplification of the homeologous tbr product, suggesting that the original RAPD polymorphisms were due to single base-pair changes rather than deletions or insertions. Two primers used for amplification of backcross 2 progeny segregated in a 1:1 (presence:absence) ratio; the other two were unexpectedly absent. The most likely explanation for the loss of these markers is irregular meiosis in the original hexaploid hybrid and subsequent elimination of chromosomes. Cytological analysis of the meiosis in the hybrid demonstrated widespread irregular pairing and the presence of lagging univalents. In addition, the first backcross individual used as the parent for the second backcross had 54 chromosomes instead of the predicted 60. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PCR technology can be used for the efficient isolation of taxon-specific markers in Solanum. Furthermore, by the use of these markers we detected the loss of chromosomes that was subsequently shown by cytological analysis to be caused by irregular meiosis of the somatic hybrid. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT BOT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350. RI Comai, Luca/F-4279-2010 OI Comai, Luca/0000-0003-2642-6619 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 91 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RR508 UT WOS:A1995RR50800002 PM 24169828 ER PT J AU ZHOU, Z GUSTAFSON, JP AF ZHOU, Z GUSTAFSON, JP TI GENETIC-VARIATION DETECTED BY DNA-FINGERPRINTING WITH A RICE MINISATELLITE PROBE IN ORYZA-SATIVA L SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RICE; ORYZA SATIVA; DNA; FINGERPRINTING; MINISATELLITES ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CULTIVATED RICE; RESTRICTION; M13; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; MALUS; DIFFERENTIATION AB A rice minisatellite probe detecting DNA fingerprints was used to assess genetic variation in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Fifty-seven cultivars of rice, including 40 closely related cultivars released in the US, were studied. Rice DNA fingerprinting revealed high levels of polymorphism among distantly related cultivars. The variability of fingerprinting pattern was reduced in the closely related cultivars. A genetic similarity index (S) was computed based on shared fragments between each pair of cultivars, and genetic distance (D) was used to construct the dendrograms depicting genetic relationships among rice cultivars. Cluster analysis of genetic distance tended to group rice cultivars into different units corresponding with their varietal types and breeding pedigrees. However, by comparison with the coefficients of parentage, the criterion of relatedness based on DNA fingerprints appeared to overestimate the genetic relationships between some of the closely related US cultivars. Although this may reduce the power of fingerprints for genetic analysis, we were able to demonstrate that DNA fingerprinting with minisatellite sequences is simpler and more sensitive than most other types of marker systems in detecting genetic variation in rice. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP ZHOU, Z (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 91 IS 3 BP 481 EP 488 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RR508 UT WOS:A1995RR50800013 PM 24169839 ER PT J AU PRASHER, DC AF PRASHER, DC TI USING GFP TO SEE THE LIGHT SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; BIOLUMINESCENCE AB Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is responsible for the green bioluminescence from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria The intense fluorescence of GFP is due to the nature of a chromophore composed of modified amino acids within the polypeptide. Formation of the fluorescent chromophore is species independent and apparently does not require any additional factors. Hence, because the gene product is easily detectable by its intense fluorescence, the gfp cDNA has become a unique reporter system The advantages of GFP are be exploited in a variety of experimental systems and this is illustrated in the accompanying articles off Dictyostelium, plants, Drosophila and mammalian cells. RP PRASHER, DC (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,BLDG 1398,OTIS AFB,MA 02542, USA. NR 29 TC 199 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 11 IS 8 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S0168-9525(00)89090-3 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RP103 UT WOS:A1995RP10300009 PM 8585130 ER PT J AU STEGELMEIER, BL JAMES, LF PANTER, KE MOLYNEUX, RJ AF STEGELMEIER, BL JAMES, LF PANTER, KE MOLYNEUX, RJ TI TISSUE AND SERUM SWAINSONINE CONCENTRATIONS IN SHEEP INGESTING ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS (LOCOWEED) SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW; LESIONS; CASTANOSPERMINE; PROLIFERATION; STIMULATION; INHIBITORS; CATTLE AB Locoweed intoxication or locoism results when animals continuously graze certain plants of the genera Astragalus or Oxytropis. The locoweed toxin, swainsonine, is water soluble and is rapidly absorbed and eliminated. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of swainsonine in tissues of sheep eating locoweed and to determine if the tissue swainsonine concentrations change with continued locoweed ingestion. Fifteen cross-breed whethers were divided into 3 groups of 5 each and fed alfalfa pellets (Group 1) or alfalfa pellets with 10% Astragalus lentiginosus for 13 d (Group 2) or for 21 d (Group 3). After the feeding periods, the animals were slaughtered and tissues were collected, frozen and later analyzed for swainsonine using an in vitro, a-mannosidase inhibition assay. Significant a-mannosidase inhibitory activity (interpreted as ng/ml of swainsonine) was detected in whole blood, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, liver, thyroid and urine. The swainsonine concentrations in tissues were significantly correlated with daily swainsonine intake (r=0.58 to 0.96). With the exception of kidney, longer exposure did not result in significant increases in the swainsonine concentrations in blood, muscle, brain, liver or thyroid. Liver had the highest swainsonine concentrations with 3049 +/- 1952 and 3947 +/- 457 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) in Groups 2 and 3 respectively. Swainsonine concentrations varied widely within the groups suggesting individual animal variability in swainsonine absorption, metabolism and excretion. These findings suggest that swainsonine is present in tissues of animals eating locoweed and that in most tissues the amount was directly correlated to the swainsonine dose ingested, but not to the length of exposure. C1 USDA AGR RES SERV,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94706. RP STEGELMEIER, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP 336 EP 339 PG 4 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA RL203 UT WOS:A1995RL20300012 PM 8540223 ER PT J AU KEEN, J KWANG, J ROSATI, S AF KEEN, J KWANG, J ROSATI, S TI COMPARISON OF OVINE LENTIVIRUS DETECTION BY CONVENTIONAL AND RECOMBINANT SEROLOGICAL METHODS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS; TRANSMEMBRANE ENVELOPE PROTEIN; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; PRECIPITATING ANTIBODIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUSION PROTEIN; SHEEP; ELISA AB Recombinant (r) transmembrane protein (TM), major capsid protein P25, and matrix protein P16 of ovine lentivirus (OLV) were used as solid phase antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of specific antibodies against OLV in sheep sera. Sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of these three recombinant assays were compared with each other and with two currently available conventional OLV serological assays, the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test and a whole-virus (WV) ELISA. Field sera from a total of 412 Midwestern United States sheep were tested and compared by the five OLV detection methods, including visibly healthy sheep selected for public sale (Group A, n = 171), samples from a breeding flock of Finnsheep and Finn-cross ewes (Group B, n = 184) and moribund sheep with clinical signs associated with OLV (Group C, n = 57). The rTM ELISA was the most sensitive OLV detection assay, both overall and within each group. Sera from 48.1% (198/412) of field samples were rTM ELISA positive. By contrast, positive rates for the rP25, rP16, and WV ELISAs and AGID test were 34.2%, 32.3%, 36.9%, and 26.9%, respectively. The rTM ELISA reactivity was 36.8% for Group A sera, 50.0% for Group B sera, and 75.4% for Group C sera. Among the 21 Group C sheep possessing OLV lung lesions at necropsy, 20 (95.2%) were rTM ELISA positive. The greatest test agreement occurred between the rP25 and the rP16 ELISAs. The data suggest that the recombinant TM immunoassay is the most accurate and sensitive of the five methods evaluated for the detection of serum anti-OLV antibodies in sheep, both at the subclinical infection and overt clinical disease stages. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV TURIN,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANIM PROD EPIDEMIOL & ECOL,TURIN,ITALY. RP KEEN, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. OI Rosati, Sergio/0000-0002-8315-0316 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 309 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05394-8 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA RP135 UT WOS:A1995RP13500009 PM 8571548 ER PT J AU KWANG, J KEEN, J ROSATI, S TOLARI, F AF KWANG, J KEEN, J ROSATI, S TOLARI, F TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN ANTIBODY ELISA FOR THE MARKER PROTEIN OF OVINE PULMONARY-CARCINOMA SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PFIZER MONKEY VIRUS; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; ADENOMATOSIS JAAGSIEKTE; SHEEP; RETROVIRUS; MAEDI; AGENT AB Ovine pulmonary carcinoma (OPC) is a contagious pulmonary neoplasia with a suspected retroviral etiology. The major core protein (P27) of the putative OPC virus cross-reacts with antibodies to P27 of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), a type-D retrovirus, This serological reactivity serves as the only accepted biological marker for OPC, In order to make a useful reagent for the detection of the OPC marker for serodiagnosis and epidemiological studies, the MPMV-P27 coding region was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Gel purified recombinant MPMV-P27 protein was used to develop an immunoassay, This recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then used to screen 223 sera from US sheep and 176 sera from Italian sheep. In this study, we found: (1) a high prevalence of infection with the putative OPC retrovirus in sheep with chronic pneumonia; (2) a subclinical infection with OPC virus may be more common in US sheep than indicated by the rare recorded occurrence of pulmonary carcinoma; (3) an apparent association between ovine lentivirus (OLV) and OPC infection. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV TURIN,DEPT ANIM PROD EPIDEMIOL & ECOL,I-10126 TURIN,ITALY. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. OI Rosati, Sergio/0000-0002-8315-0316 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05409-L PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA RP135 UT WOS:A1995RP13500011 PM 8571550 ER PT J AU ROSATI, S PITTAU, M TOLARI, F ERRE, G KWANG, J AF ROSATI, S PITTAU, M TOLARI, F ERRE, G KWANG, J TI GENETIC AND ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CAEV (CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS) RECOMBINANT TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAPRINE LENTIVIRUS; TRANSMEMBRANE; RECOMBINANT ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; OVINE LENTIVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; VISNA; ELISA; ASSAY AB The env gene fragment of an Italian strain of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus (CAEV) coding for the hydrophilic region of transmembrane protein was amplified, cloned and expressed in prokaryotic system as fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase. Sequence analysis revealed 63 to 66% amino acid homology, when compared with three ovine lentiviruses and 83% when compared with one caprine lentivirus. The recombinant transmembrane protein was efficiently expressed, purified under denaturing conditions and used as antigen in western blotting and ELISA. Sera from clinically diseased goats strongly reacted in western blotting and naturally infected animals seroconverted between 20 and 33 weeks of age. An indirect ELISA performed with this antigen showed improved sensitivity in comparison with agar gel immunodiffusion test. Our results confirm that transmembrane protein is an important immunological marker in CAEV infection and its use as antigen may enhance the validity of serological diagnosis of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis. C1 IST MALATTIE INFETT PROFILASSI & POLIZIA VET,SASSARI,ITALY. UNIV SASSARI,IST MICROBIOL & VIROL,I-07100 SASSARI,ITALY. USDA,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP ROSATI, S (reprint author), UNIV TURIN,DIPARTIMENTO PROD ANIM EPIDEMIOL & ECOL,VIA NIZZA 52,I-10126 TURIN,ITALY. OI Rosati, Sergio/0000-0002-8315-0316 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 45 IS 4 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(94)00138-M PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA RN375 UT WOS:A1995RN37500008 PM 7483249 ER PT J AU RANGO, A MARTINEC, J AF RANGO, A MARTINEC, J TI REVISITING THE DEGREE-DAY METHOD FOR SNOWMELT COMPUTATIONS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DEGREE-DAY METHOD; SNOWMELT; HYDROGRAPH ANALYSIS AND MODELING; SNOW AND ICE HYDROLOGY ID MODEL AB The simple, empirical degree-day approach for calculating snowmelt and runoff from mountain basins has been in use for more than 60 years. It is frequently suggested that the degree-day method be replaced by the more physically-based energy balance approach. The degree-day approach, however, maintains its popularity, applicability, and effectiveness. It is shown that the degree-day method is reliable for computing total snowmelt depths for periods of a week to the entire snowmelt season. It can also be used for daily snowmelt depths when utilized in connection with an adequate snowmelt runoff model for computing the basin runoff. The degree-day ratio is shown to vary seasonally as opposed to being constant as is often assumed. Additionally, in order to evaluate the degree-day ratio correctly, the changing snow cover extent in a basin during the snowmelt season must be taken into account. It is also possible to combine the degree-day approach with a radiation component so that short time interval (<24 hours) computations of snowmelt depth can be made. When snowmelt input is transformed to basin output (runoff) by a snowmelt runoff model, there is little difference between the degree-day approach and a radiation-based approach. This is fortuitous because the physically-based energy balance models will not soon displace the degree-day methods because of their excessive data requirements. RP RANGO, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 104,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 137 Z9 145 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 657 EP 669 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA RP305 UT WOS:A1995RP30500010 ER PT J AU BOYER, DG PASQUARELL, GC AF BOYER, DG PASQUARELL, GC TI NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN KARST SPRINGS IN AN EXTENSIVELY GRAZED AREA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; AGRICULTURAL HYDROLOGY; KARST HYDROLOGY; NITRATES ID GROUNDWATER AB The impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the Appalachian Region. Karst areas comprise about 18 percent of the Region's land area. An estimated one-third of the Region's farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are located on karat terrain. Nitrate concentrations were measured in several karat springs in Southeastern West Virginia in order to determine the impact of animal agriculture on nitrate pollution of the karst ground water system. Karst basins with 79, 51, 16, and 0 percent agriculture had mean nitrate concentrations of 15.8, 12.2, 2.7, and 0.4 mg/l, respectively. A strong linear relationship between nitrate concentration and percent agricultural land was shown. Median nitrate concentration increased about 0.19 mg l(-1) per percent increase in agricultural land. Weather patterns were also found to significantly affect the median nitrate concentrations and the temporal variability of those concentrations. Lower nitrate concentrations and lower temporal variability were observed during a severe drought period. It was concluded that agriculture was significantly affecting nitrate concentrations in the karst aquifer. Best management practices may be one way to protect the ground water resource. RP BOYER, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25801, USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 729 EP 736 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA RP305 UT WOS:A1995RP30500015 ER PT J AU WU, WM SIDLE, RC AF WU, WM SIDLE, RC TI A DISTRIBUTED SLOPE STABILITY MODEL FOR STEEP FORESTED BASINS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SHEAR RESISTANCE; TREE ROOTS; SOIL; LANDSLIDES; EROSION; SYSTEM; OREGON AB A distributed, physically based slope stability model (dSLAM), based on an infinite slope model, a kinematic wave groundwater model, and a continuous change vegetation root strength model, is presented. It is integrated with a contour line-based topographic analysis and a geographic information system (GIS) for spatial data extraction and display. The model can be run with either individual rainfall events or long-term sequences of storms. These inputs can be either actual storm records or synthesized random events based on Monte Carlo simulation. The model is designed to analyze rapid, shallow landslides and the spatial distribution of safety factor (FS) in steep, forested areas. It can investigate the slope stability problem in both temporal and spatial dimensions, for example, the impact of timber harvesting on slope stability either at a given time or through an extended management period, the probability of landslide occurrence for a given year, and the delivery of landslide sediments to headwater streams. The dSLAM model was applied in a steep, forested drainage of Cedar Creek in the Oregon Coast Ranges using actual spatial patterns of timber harvesting and measured rainfall during a major storm which triggered widespread landslides in that area in 1975. Simulated volume and number of failures were 733 m(3) and 4, respectively. These values agreed closely with field measurements following the 1975 storm. However, the effect of parameter uncertainty may complicate this comparison. For example, when soil cohesion values of 2.0 and 3.0 kPa were used, the failure volume changed by factors of 2.04 and 0.41, respectively, compared with the average condition of 2.5 kPa used in the simulation. For soil depths 30% higher and lower than the standard condition, the failure volume changed by factors of 2.0 and 0.27, respectively. When maximum root cohesion changed from 12.5 kPa (average condition) to 10 kPa, the failure volume increased 1.73-fold; for the case of 15 kPa, the failure volume changed by a factor of 0.55. The simulated failures caused by the storm were mostly in hollows. The simulations show that the spatial distribution of FS is controlled mainly by topography and timber-harvesting patterns and is greatly affected by groundwater flow patterns during major rainstorms. Most areas with FS < 3.0 corresponded with the distribution of blocks clear-cut in 1968, and all elements with FS < 2.0 were in areas clear-cut in 1968. Areas with low FS (1.0-1.6) expanded dramatically during the rainstorm and decreased at a slow rate after the storm. Factors of safety in hollows declined sharply during the storm. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT. RP WU, WM (reprint author), CACHEVA INT CORP,444 SARATOGA AVE,17L,SANTA CLARA,CA 95050, USA. NR 59 TC 298 Z9 321 U1 6 U2 67 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2097 EP 2110 DI 10.1029/95WR01136 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA RM644 UT WOS:A1995RM64400024 ER PT J AU MENDES, AD SIMPSON, WT VERRILL, SP AF MENDES, AD SIMPSON, WT VERRILL, SP TI LABORATORY TEST FOR GROUPING TROPICAL SPECIES FOR KILN DRYING SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A system was developed for grouping tropical wood species for kiln drying based on similar estimated drying times. Six tropical species were subjected to drying and water soaking tests; variables were test temperature and specimen thickness. Soaking time, specimen thickness, and test temperature were used in an empirical model to predict drying times. The capability of the model to predict drying times was considered acceptable based on an adjusted coefficient of determination equal to 0.929 and an average error of 14 percent. The overall capability of the method proposed for grouping tropical hardwoods for drying is considered promising and worthy of further investigation. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP MENDES, AD (reprint author), INST NACL PESQUISAS AMAZONIA MANAUS,MANAUS,AMAZONAS,BRAZIL. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 353 EP 362 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RR973 UT WOS:A1995RR97300003 ER PT J AU KULIK, MM DERY, PD AF KULIK, MM DERY, PD TI FREQUENCY OF PLANTS IN POPULATIONS OF ANNUAL AND PERENNIAL MEDICS (MEDICAGO SPP) THAT WERE RESISTANT TO DAMPING-OFF INCITED BY AG-4 ISOLATES OF RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENKRANKHEITEN UND PFLANZENSCHUTZ-JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE THANATEPHORUS CUCUMERIS; RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI; LUCERNE; SEEDLING DISEASE; FORAGES; RECURRENT PHENOTYPIC SELECTION AB Twenty-seven annual and four perennial medics (Medicago spp.) were evaluated in a greenhouse or growth chamber for resistance to damping-off incited by five anastomosis group (AG) 4 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani that were known to be either mildly pathogenic, moderately pathogenic, or highly pathogenic to alfalfa (lucerne; Medicago sativa). When the medics were challenged with a mildly pathogenic isolate of R. solani, in almost all cases the number of seedlings that survived was not significantly lower than the controls. One of the two moderately pathogenic isolates was found to be more virulent than the other moderately pathogenic isolate. When the entries were challenged with rile former, 11 Medicago species and a hybrid Medicago exhibited seedling survival means ranging from 18.00 to 31.25. Of these, the means for six Medicago species and the hybrid were not significantly lower than the controls. Six entries had survival means ranging from 14.00 to 18.00 when challenged by the mole virulent isolate of R. solani. However, only M. popovii had a survival mean that was nor significantly lower than the control. There was essentially no resistance exhibited by any of the 31 medics when they were challenged with either of two highly pathogenic isolates. Nevertheless, because some resistance albeit at a low level, was found to two moderately pathogenic isolates of R. solani, a program of recurrent, phenotypic selection could eventually lead to the development of Medicago cultivars that were resistant at least to moderately pathogenic isolates of R solani. These results underscore the necessity to use several isolates of this pathogen that exhibit various levels of pathogenicity, when evaluating Medicago species for resistance to this fungus. RP KULIK, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO PI STUTTGART 70 PA POSTFACH 700561 WOLLGRASWEG 41, W-7000 STUTTGART 70, GERMANY SN 0340-8159 J9 Z PFLANZENK PFLANZEN JI Z. Pflanzenk. Pflanzens.-J. Plant Dis. Prot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 102 IS 4 BP 392 EP 398 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RW468 UT WOS:A1995RW46800006 ER PT J AU PU, RT XU, G WU, LP VIERULA, J ODONNELL, K YE, XS OSMANI, SA AF PU, RT XU, G WU, LP VIERULA, J ODONNELL, K YE, XS OSMANI, SA TI ISOLATION OF A FUNCTIONAL HOMOLOG OF THE CELL CYCLE-SPECIFIC NIMA PROTEIN-KINASE OF ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS AND FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF CONSERVED RESIDUES SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CATALYTIC DOMAINS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; CONTROL GENE; ACTIVATION; MUTATION; CLONING; FAMILY; DNA; PHOSPHORYLATION AB To investigate the degree of conservation of the cell cycle-specific NIMA protein kinase of Aspergillus nidulans, and to help direct its functional analysis, we cloned a homolog (designated nim-1) from Neurospora crassa. Over the catalytic domain NIM-1 is 75% identical to NIMA, but overall the identity drops to 52%. nim-1 was able to functionally complement nimA5 in A. nidulans. Mutational analysis of potential activating phosphorylation sites found in NIMA, NIM-1, and related protein kinases was performed on NIMA. Mutation of threonine 199 (conserved in all NIMA-related kinases) inhibited NIMA beta-casein kinase activity and abolished its in vivo function. This site conforms to a minimal consensus phosphorylation site for NIMA (FXXT) and is analogous to the autophosphorylation site of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinases. However, mutation of a unique cysteine residue found only in the catalytic site of NIMA and NIM-1 had no effect on NIMA kinase activity or function. Three temperature-sensitive alleles of nimA that cause arrest in G(2) were sequenced and shown to generate three different amino acid substitutions. None of the mutations prevented accumulation of NIMA protein during G(2) arrest, but all prevented the p34(cdc2)/cyclin B-dependent phosphorylation of NIMA normally seen during mitotic initiation even though p34(cdc2)/cyclin B H1 kinase activity was fully activated. C1 WEIS CTR RES,GEISINGER CLIN,DANVILLE,PA 17822. CARLETON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,OTTAWA,ON K1S 5B6,CANADA. USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42564] NR 43 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 28 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 30 BP 18110 EP 18116 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RM266 UT WOS:A1995RM26600073 PM 7629122 ER PT J AU TABATABAI, LB AF TABATABAI, LB TI FETUIN IS A SUBSTRATE FOR PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA O-SIALOGLYCOPROTEASE SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GLYCOPROTEASE; SEQUENCE; CLEAVAGE; PROTEINS AB A soluble bovine glycoprotein, fetuin, was used as an alternative substrate to identify O-sialoglycoprotease activity in culture supernatant protein fractions of Pasteurella haemolytica. An aliquot of a 24-hour incubation mixture containing fetuin and O-sialoglycoprotease was denatured and examined after gradient sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Coomassie-Brilliant-Blue-stained gel was examined for the disappearance of the fetuin band at an apparent molecular mass of 64 KDa. Four major hydrolysis products were identified: an N-terminal fragment of 45 kDa, a 20 kDa fragment at Val(50), and two C-terminal fragments at Val(273) and His(287). (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP TABATABAI, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 26 PY 1995 VL 212 IS 3 BP 981 EP 987 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2066 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RL363 UT WOS:A1995RL36300037 PM 7542891 ER PT J AU HOHN, TM DESJARDINS, AE MCCORMICK, SP AF HOHN, TM DESJARDINS, AE MCCORMICK, SP TI THE TRI4 GENE OF FUSARIUM SPOROTRICHIOIDES ENCODES A CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASE INVOLVED IN TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM SPOROTRICHIOIDES; TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS; CYTOCHROME P450; APOTRICHOTHECENE; TRICHODIENE ID GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; T-2 TOXIN; SUPERFAMILY; SEQUENCES; DISRUPTION; MYCOTOXINS; PROTEINS AB The Tri4 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides was isolated from a cloned DNA fragment carrying the Tri5 gene by complementation of a Tri4(-) mutant. The nucleotide sequence of Tri4 was determined and the locations of three introns were identified. Analysis of Tri4 mRNA levels revealed that transcription reached maximum levels coincidently with the onset of trichothecene biosynthesis, and then declined 20-fold over the next 8 h. Disruption of Tri4 resulted in the loss of production of both trichothecenes and apotrichodiol and the accumulation of the unoxygenated pathway intermediate trichodiene. Transformants lacking a functional Tri4 gene were able to convert isotrichotriol, an early pathway intermediate, to T-2 toxin suggesting that most pathway enzymes are present in Tr4(-) mutants. These data suggest that the enzyme encoded by Tri4 catalyzes the first oxygenation step in the trichothecene pathway and participates in apotrichodiol biosynthesis. Tri4 encodes a protein of 520 residues (M(r) = 59 056) that shows significant homology with members of the superfamily of cytochromes P450. It appears most similar to the CYP3A subfamily (24.6% amino acid identity). Because it contains less than 40% positional identity with other cytochromes P450, the Tri4 gene has been placed in a new cytochrome P450 gene family designated CYP58. RP HOHN, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD JUL 22 PY 1995 VL 248 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1007/BF02456618 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RN813 UT WOS:A1995RN81300012 PM 7651333 ER PT J AU LEHRFELD, J BAKER, FL AF LEHRFELD, J BAKER, FL TI THE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF A CATION-EXCHANGE RESIN PREPARED BY THE PYROLYSIS OF STARCH IN THE PRESENCE OF PHYTIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A black charcoal-like material having cation exchange and adsorption properties was prepared by the controlled pyrolysis of starch in the presence of a commercial phytic acid solution. Resins with binding capacities of 0.7-5.7 meq/g of calcium were prepared by varying the phytic acid to starch ratio, the temperature, or the duration of heating of the reaction mixture. SEM photomicrographs of some of these new materials showed that they are composed of particles similar in size and shape to the starting starch granules. These resins also removed atrazine from aqueous solutions. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.double dagger RP LEHRFELD, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, FOOD PHYS CHEM RES UNIT, MWA, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 18 PY 1995 VL 57 IS 3 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1002/app.1995.070570315 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA RE001 UT WOS:A1995RE00100015 ER PT J AU SHAMBLOTT, MJ CHENG, CM BOLT, D CHEN, TT AF SHAMBLOTT, MJ CHENG, CM BOLT, D CHEN, TT TI APPEARANCE OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA IN THE LIVER AND PYLORIC CECA OF A TELEOST IN RESPONSE TO EXOGENOUS GROWTH-HORMONE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE; HEPATOCYTE; AMINO ACID UPTAKE; RNASE PROTECTION ASSAY; 18S RIBOSOMAL-RNA ID PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; I MESSENGER-RNA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; EXPRESSION; GENE; ACID; FISH; INTESTINE AB Augmentation of vertebrate growth by growth hormone (GH) is primarily due to its regulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) and IGF II levels, To characterize the effect of GH on the levels of IGF I and IGF II mRNA in a teleost, 10 mu g of bovine GH (bGH) per g of body weight was administered to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through i,p. injection. The levels of IGF I and IGF II mRNA were determined simultaneously, by using RNase protection assays, in the liver, pyloric ceca, kidney, and gill at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr after injection, In the liver, IGF I mRNA levels were significantly elevated at 6 and 12 hr (approximate to 2- to 3-fold, P less than or equal to 0.01), while IGF II mRNA levels were significantly elevated at 3 and 6 hr (approximate to 3-fold, P less than or equal to 0.01), In the pyloric ceca, IGF II mRNA levels were significantly elevated at 12, 24, and 48 hr (approximate to 3-fold, P less than or equal to 0.01), while IGF I mRNA was below the limits of assay accuracy. GH-dependent IGF mRNA appearance was not detected in the gill and kidney, Serum bGH levels, determined by using a radioimmunoassay, were significantly elevated at 3 and 6 hr (P < 0.005), In primary hepatocyte culture, IGF I and IGF II mRNA levels increased in a bGH dose-dependent fashion, with ED(50) values of approximate to 45 and approximate to 6 ng of bGH per mi, respectively. The GH-dependent appearance of IGF II mRNA in the liver and pyloric ceca suggests important roles for this peptide hormone exclusive of IGF I. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR MARINE BIOTECHNOL,INST BIOTECHNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BIOL SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. USDA,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 126 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 18 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 15 BP 6943 EP 6946 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6943 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RJ892 UT WOS:A1995RJ89200058 PM 7624349 ER PT J AU SCHWEIZER, L YERKDAVIS, GL PHILLIPS, RL SRIENC, F JONES, RJ AF SCHWEIZER, L YERKDAVIS, GL PHILLIPS, RL SRIENC, F JONES, RJ TI DYNAMICS OF MAIZE ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT AND DNA ENDOREDUPLICATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE FLOW CYTOMETRY; MITOSIS; MODELING; GROWTH AB Endosperm development in Zea mays is characterized by a period of intense mitotic activity followed by a period in which mitosis is essentially eliminated and the cell cycle becomes one of alternating S and G phases, leading to endoreduplication of the nuclear DNA. The endosperm represents a significant contribution to the grain yield of maize; thus, methods that facilitate the study of cellular kinetics may be useful in discerning cellular and molecular components of grain yield. Two mathematical models have been developed to describe the kinetics of endosperm growth. The first describes the kinetics of mitosis during endosperm development; the second describes the kinetics of DNA endoreduplication during endosperm development. The mitotic model is a modification of standard growth curves. The endoreduplication model is composed of six differential equations that represent the progression of nuclei from one DNA content to another during the endoreduplication process. Total nuclei number per endosperm and the number of 3C, 6C, 12C, 24C, 48C, and 96C nuclei per endosperm (C is the haploid DNA content per nucleus) for inbred W64A from 8 to 18 days after pollination were determined by flow cytometry. The results indicate that the change in number of nuclei expressed as a function of the number of days after pollination is the same from one yearly crop to another. These data were used in the model to determine the endosperm growth rate, the maximum nuclei number per endosperm, and transition rates from one C value to the next higher C value. The kinetics of endosperm development are reasonably well represented by the models. Thus, the models provide a means to quantify the complex pattern of endosperm development. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,INST ADV STUDIES BIOL PROC TECHNOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 6 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 18 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 15 BP 7070 EP 7074 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.15.7070 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RJ892 UT WOS:A1995RJ89200084 PM 7624371 ER PT J AU HAN, JS NAIR, PP AF HAN, JS NAIR, PP TI FLOW CYTOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF CELL-SURFACE MARKERS ON CULTURED HUMAN COLONIC CELL-LINES USING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE FLOW CYTOMETRY; TUMOR MARKER; CELL SURFACE MARKER; COLONIC CELL LINE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ID CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; ENTEROCYTIC DIFFERENTIATION; CARCINOMA-CELLS; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CANCER; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; POLARITY; RELEASE AB Background. The expression of tumor-associated cell surface antigens is a reflection of the state of cell differentiation of tumor cells in culture. Method. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against the tumor-associated antigens carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 and the extracellular matrix protein CD44 were used to label the cell surface of human colonic cells in culture, The binding of each antibody to its respective antigen was measured by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry and expressed as a percentage of positive cells. Results. The human colon adenocarcinoma cell (HCAC) line, LS-180, showed strong binding with CEA (81%), CA 19-9 (87%), and CD44 (83%), LS-174t cells, a trypsinized variant of LS-180 cells, showed less binding with CEA (66%) and CA 19-9 (49%), but no binding with CD44. With cells from HCAC line HT-29, antigen expression was highly variable for CEA (13% +/- 18) and CD44 (31% +/- 35) but was consistently positive for CA19-9 (33% +/- 13). The expression of CEA in the Caco-2 cell line was weak (24%), whereas there was no expression of CA19-and CD44. Normal human colon fibroblast cells (CCD-18Co) did not recognize the monoclonal antibodies to CEA or CA 19-9, but were strongly positive with the CD44 antibody (97%). Conclusions. These results support the concept that the expression of the tumor associated markers CEA and CA19-9 and the cell surface marker CD44 on human colonic cell lines varies with the degree of cellular differentiation. Carcinoembryonic antigen and/or CA19-9 were expressed in all four human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, but not in the normal colon fibroblast cells (CCD-18Co). Using these two MoAbs appeared to be a more reliable measure of the state of differentiation of human colon adenocarcinoma cells. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 76 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19950715)76:2<195::AID-CNCR2820760206>3.0.CO;2-E PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RH151 UT WOS:A1995RH15100005 PM 8625091 ER PT J AU KWANG, J LITTLEDIKE, ET AF KWANG, J LITTLEDIKE, ET TI PRODUCTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND THEIR USE IN DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES IN EXPERIMENTALLY CHALLENGED ANIMALS SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Antibodies to experimental Salmonella typhimurium challenge in cattle and sheep were assessed by 15 recombinant flagellum proteins. The 15 DNA fragments selected for gene expression were derived from external flagellin, hook, hook-associated protein, and basal body gene domains. Our efforts were focused on characterizing the humoral immune response of Salmonella infected and vaccinated animals and identifying immunodominant antigenic determinants. This communication reports that the 159-261 amino acids of external flagellum (FliCi-1), 285-331 amino acids of hook protein (FlgE-2), and 309-391 amino acids and 440-537 amino acids of hook-associated protein (FLgK-1 and -2) appeared to be the most immunoreactive proteins and were recognized by all of the experimental animal sera tested in this study. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 130 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RK806 UT WOS:A1995RK80600005 PM 7557292 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP LAPPIN, MR THULLIEZ, P AF DUBEY, JP LAPPIN, MR THULLIEZ, P TI DIAGNOSIS OF INDUCED TOXOPLASMOSIS IN NEONATAL CATS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE FELINE SPECIES; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FELINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; GONDII; INFECTION; CYSTS AB Sixteen pregnant queens were inoculated ovally with tissue cysts oi Toxoplasma gondii, and fetal membranes and offspring were examined for T gondii infection by bioassay in mice. Queens appeared clinically normal, although all shed T gondii oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of 7 of 33 fetuses or kittens from 5 litters (at 13, 23, 26, 27, and 29 postinoculation days) from 8 queens euthanatized between 10 and 31 postinoculation days. Infection with T gondii was found in kittens from all 8 litters from the 8 queens that were allowed to undergo parturition and nurse their kittens. A total of 43 kittens were born to these 8 queens. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of 26 of 40 kittens bioassayed; in 3 kittens, tissues were not available for bioassay. Toxoplasmosis was severe in full-term kittens born to 5 queens; all 25 kittens from these litters died or were ill by 24 days of age. Anorexia, lethargy, hypothermia, and sudden death were the most common manifestations. Cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid aspirate samples and determination of hepatic-associated enzyme concentrations in affected kittens, as well as measurement of anti-T gondii antibodies in serum of kittens and queens, were helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal toxoplasmosis. Transplacental transfer of anti-T gondii antibodies was not observed in cats. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were found in fecal samples of 3 kittens from different litters at 16, 24, and 63 days of age. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT CLIN SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. INST PUERICULTURE,TOXOPLASMOSE LAB,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RJ104 UT WOS:A1995RJ10400016 PM 7601711 ER PT J AU CAMPAGNOLO, ER TROCK, SC HUNGERFORD, LL SHUMAKER, TJ TECLAW, R MILLER, RB NELSON, HA ROSS, F REYNOLDS, DJ AF CAMPAGNOLO, ER TROCK, SC HUNGERFORD, LL SHUMAKER, TJ TECLAW, R MILLER, RB NELSON, HA ROSS, F REYNOLDS, DJ TI OUTBREAK OF VESICULAR DERMATITIS AMONG HORSES AT A MIDWESTERN HOUSE SHOW SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE EQUINE SPECIES; DERMATITIS, VESICULAR; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID QUASSINOIDS AB People exposed to plants of the genus Quassia can develop vesicular eruptions, and the same may be true of horses. Epidemiologic methods can be useful when attempting to determine the cause of an outbreak of disease in a large group of animals. C1 NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,DIV EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,URBANA,IL 61801. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LABS,CTR WOOD ANAT RES,MADISON,WI 53716. ILLINOIS DEPT AGR,BUR ANIM DIS LAB,CENTRALIA,IL 62801. RP CAMPAGNOLO, ER (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62702, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 2 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RJ104 UT WOS:A1995RJ10400023 PM 7601718 ER PT J AU POSNER, GH CHO, CG ANJEH, TEN JOHNSON, N HORST, RL KOBAYASHI, T OKANO, T TSUGAWA, N AF POSNER, GH CHO, CG ANJEH, TEN JOHNSON, N HORST, RL KOBAYASHI, T OKANO, T TSUGAWA, N TI 2-FLUOROALKYL A-RING ANALOGS OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 - STEREOCONTROLLED TOTAL SYNTHESIS VIA INTRAMOLECULAR AND INTERMOLECULAR DIELS-ALDER CYCLOADDITIONS - PRELIMINARY BIOLOGICAL TESTING SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEMPORARY SILICON CONNECTION; 1-(HYDROXYALKYL)-25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 ANALOGS; VITAMIN-D; ESTERS; CALCITRIOL; REGIOCHEMISTRY AB Intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) cycloadditions of electron-rich trans-vinylic silaketal groups tethered via a chiral, nonracemic 1,3-butanediol auxiliary to electron-poor 2-pyrone-3-carboxylates (e.g. (R)-9, (S)-14) were promoted by zinc dibromide and proceeded unexpectedly in a stepwise, ionic fashion to form exclusively cis-4,5-disubstituted bicyclic lactones 10 and 15 with nearly complete asymmetric induction. Confirmation of the stereochemical outcome of these nonconcerted IMDA cycloadditions was achieved by H-1 NMR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography. Fluorinated bicycloadduct (-)-15a was converted smoothly in 13 steps into the lipophilic calcitriol analog 2 beta-(3'-flubropropyl)-1 beta,25-dihydroxyvitam D-3 ((-)-5). Intermolecular, concerted, 11 kbar, inverse-electron-demand 4 + 2-cycloaddition of bis-silylated Z-enol ether 22c, carrying two different silyl groups, with commercial methyl 2-pyrone-3-carboxylate gave in gram amounts only vicinally cis-disubstituted bicycloadduct (+/-)-23c. Chemospecific monodesilylation using sodium azide and then fluorination using Et(2)NSF(3) (DAST) gave fluoroalkyl bicyclic lactone (+/-)-25. This bicyclic lactone (+/-)-25 was transformed into fluorinated, racemic, A-ring phosphine oxide (+/-)-30 that was coupled with enantiomerically pure C,D-ring ketone (+)-21 to form enantiomerically pure diastereomers (-)-4 and (+)-4' as fluorinated, lipophilic, A-ring analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3(calcitriol). Preliminary biological testing (Table I) showed that only those diastereomers having the unnatural 1 beta-hydroxyl group stereochemistry (i.e. (+)-3', (+)-4', and (-)-5) had relatively high affinities for the calf thymus vitamin D receptor and significant antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing potencies in HL-60 cells. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. KOBE PHARMACEUT UNIV,DEPT HYG SCI,KOBE 658,JAPAN. RP POSNER, GH (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CHARLES & 34TH ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Cho, Cheon-Gyu/H-7374-2015 NR 65 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 14 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 14 BP 4617 EP 4628 DI 10.1021/jo00119a045 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA RK027 UT WOS:A1995RK02700045 ER PT J AU STEINER, JJ POKLEMBA, CJ FJELLSTROM, RG ELLIOTT, LF AF STEINER, JJ POKLEMBA, CJ FJELLSTROM, RG ELLIOTT, LF TI A RAPID ONE-TUBE GENOMIC DNA EXTRACTION PROCESS FOR PCR AND RAPD ANALYSES SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STEINER, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 5 TC 106 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 11 PY 1995 VL 23 IS 13 BP 2569 EP 2570 DI 10.1093/nar/23.13.2569-a PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RL053 UT WOS:A1995RL05300034 PM 7630740 ER PT J AU NORMAN, HA PILLAI, P BAKER, ME AF NORMAN, HA PILLAI, P BAKER, ME TI LICORICE-DERIVED COMPOUNDS INHIBIT LINOLEIC-ACID (C-18-2-OMEGA-6) DESATURATION IN SOYBEAN CHLOROPLASTS SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE LINOLEIC ACID DESATURASE; LICORICE; SOYBEAN CHLOROPLAST ID 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; RHIZOBIUM; CARBENOXOLONE; MEMBRANES; INVITRO; CLONING; ENZYME AB Although glycyrrhizic acid, a major constituent of licorice root, has important pharmacological effects in humans, the biological activity of glycyrrhizic acid and its aglycone glycyrrhetinic acid in plants is unknown, Here we report that these licorice-derived compounds and the analog carbenoxolone inhibit desaturation of linoleic acid (C18:2 omega 6) in soybean chloroplasts using monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine substrates in an in vitro assay for desaturase activity, At 10 nM glycyrrhetinic acid, there is significant inhibition of desaturation of linoleic acid suggesting that licorice-derived compounds could prove useful in investigating biochemical pathways of linoleic acid desaturation in plant chloroplasts and plant desaturase regulation, which has application in modification of plant response to environmental stress, as well as optimization of oil seed composition. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT MED 0623B,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP NORMAN, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BLDG 264,ROOM 105,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Baker, Michael/0000-0003-4387-3269 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 1995 VL 368 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00627-L PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA RJ792 UT WOS:A1995RJ79200031 PM 7615067 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MP BEATTIE, JH AF RICHARDS, MP BEATTIE, JH TI COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF METALLOTHIONEIN ISOFORMS BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Frederick Conference on Capillary Electrophoresis CY OCT 25-26, 1994 CL FREDERICK, MD ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RABBIT KIDNEY-CELLS; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; QUANTIFICATION; SEPARATION; ABSORPTION; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PURIFICATION AB We have investigated free-solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) separations of metallothionein (MT) isoforms conducted in uncoated and surface-modified fused-silica capillaries. At alkaline pH, FSCE rapidly resolves isoforms belonging to the MT-1 and MT-2 charge classes. At acidic pH, additional resolution of MT isoforms is achieved. The use of high-ionic-strength (0.5 M) phosphate buffers can result in high peak efficiencies and increased resolution for some MT isoforms. Interior capillary surface coatings such as polyamine and linear polyacrylamide polymers permit separation of MT isoforms with enhanced resolution through their effects on electroosmotic flow (EOF) and protein-wall interactions. Improvements in MT isoform resolution can also be achieved by MECC using 100 mM berate buffer pH 8.4 containing 75 mM SDS. Deproteinization of tissue cytosol samples with acetonitrile (60-80%) or perchloric acid (7%) produces extracts that can be subjected to direct analysis of MT by FSCE or MECC. We conclude that optimal separation of MT isoforms by capillary electrophoresis (CE) can be achieved with the appropriate combination of different capillaries, buffers and sample preparation techniques. C1 ROWETT RES INST,DIV BIOCHEM SCI,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RP RICHARDS, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BLDG 200,ROOM 201,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD JUL 7 PY 1995 VL 669 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00008-7 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RK530 UT WOS:A1995RK53000004 PM 7581883 ER PT J AU FINELLI, L CRAYNE, E DALLEY, E PILOT, K SPITALNY, KC AF FINELLI, L CRAYNE, E DALLEY, E PILOT, K SPITALNY, KC TI ENHANCED DETECTION OF SPORADIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157-H7 INFECTIONS - NEW-JERSEY, JULY 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 417-418, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FINELLI, L (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 5 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 1 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RG233 UT WOS:A1995RG23300008 ER PT J AU TRUEBA, GA BOLIN, CA ZUERNER, RL AF TRUEBA, GA BOLIN, CA ZUERNER, RL TI CLONING OF THE PFAP GENE OF LEPTOSPIRA-BORGPETERSENII SO GENE LA English DT Note DE RECOMBINANT DNA; PATHOGEN; PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA; SIGNAL PEPTIDASE; SPIROCHETE; SPPA ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGNAL PEPTIDE AB A lambda gt11 library constructed with Leptospira borgpetersenii DNA was screened with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing a periplasmic flagella-associated protein. A plaque expressing a fusion protein (lambda F15) which reacted with the mAb was isolated and the nucleotide sequence analyzed. The deduced amino-acid (aa) sequence indicates that the pfaP gene belongs to a group of bacterial genes whose products share aa sequence and possibly functional homologies with sppA, an Escherichia coli signal peptidase-encoding gene. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50010. OI Trueba, Gabriel/0000-0003-2617-9021 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUL 4 PY 1995 VL 160 IS 1 BP 133 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00201-G PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RL017 UT WOS:A1995RL01700025 PM 7628708 ER PT J AU CUTLER, HG AF CUTLER, HG TI NATURAL PRODUCT FLAVOR COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIALS, INSECTICIDES, AND MEDICINALS SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Editorial Material ID AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; ESSENTIAL OIL; COMPONENTS; GROWTH C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILAN PA VIA AURELLO SAFFI 23, 20123 MILAN, ITALY SN 1120-6012 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RZ824 UT WOS:A1995RZ82400005 ER PT J AU MICHELS, K ARMBRUST, DV ALLISON, BE SIVAKUMAR, MVK AF MICHELS, K ARMBRUST, DV ALLISON, BE SIVAKUMAR, MVK TI WIND AND WINDBLOWN SAND DAMAGE TO PEARL-MILLET SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTIVITY; PLANTS AB Pearl miller [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is grown worldwide in areas affected by wind erosion, but no data on associated damage to millet are available. Laboratory wind tunnel experiments were conducted to determine the kind and extent of damage to millet caused by wind, sandblasting, and burial. In Exp. 1, millet was exposed for 15 min to wind (8, 11, or 14 m s(-1)) or wind + sand (8.3, 25.0 or 41.7 g m(-1) s(-1) sand abrader flux) at 8 and/or 16 d after emergence (DAE). Viable leaf area, leaf net photosynthesis, and NO3 content were measured through 21 DAE and dry matter production through 57 DAE. In Exp. 2, millet was seeded as three single seeds or in tufts, exposed to 25 g m(-1) s(-1) sand Bur for 15 min at the 1-, 2-, or 3-leaf stage, and then manually covered by 15 mm sand. Survival was monitored weekly; dry matter was determined 70 DAE. In Exp. 1, survival was uniformly 100%. Wind alone or low sand flux had no effect on viable leaf area. High sand flux decreased viable leaf area by 74% at 2 d after the 8-DAE exposure and 42% at 5 d after the 16-DAE exposure. Photosynthesis of the remaining leaf area was reduced up to 88% immediately after exposure compared with the control, and NO3 content of sandblasted miller was increased up to six times. Dry weight was reduced 40% at 21 DAE by the highest sand flux, but 9.7% at 57 DAE. In Exp. 2, burial decreased millet survival and dry weight. Buried tufts had a higher survival rate and 35% more dry weight than buried single plants. Miller buried at the 1-leaf stage had 28% higher survival than plants treated later. Sandblasting reduced dry matter of buried millet only. Regression analyses between calculated total kinetic effects and growth parameters showed low r(2) values. Millet can survive short-term sandblasting at any growth stage, but growth is reduced by strong sand flux, a sequence of wind erosion events during early growth, or by combinations of abrasion with burial by blown sand. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. TROY STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM ANAL & MANAGEMENT,TROY,AL. RP MICHELS, K (reprint author), INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP,SAHELIAN CTR,BP 12404,NIAMEY,NIGER. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 620 EP 626 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100003 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR MUCHOW, RC AF SINCLAIR, TR MUCHOW, RC TI EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY ON MAIZE YIELD .1. MODELING PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; IRRIGATED CORN; LEAF NITROGEN; SORGHUM; SOILS; TEMPERATURE; EFFICIENCY; GROWTH AB Much of the increase in maize (Zea mays L,) yields in recent decades has been closely associated with increased levels of N fertilizer application. Although many studies have documented yield responses to increased N levels in the soil, a mechanistic description of the physiological responses that influence crop growth under various levels of N has not been fully elucidated. The objective of this work was to develop a relatively simple, mechanistic model of maize growth and development to account for the influence of soil and crop N budgets,The soil N budget was simulated for two soil layers that incorporated fertilization, mineralization, denitrification, and leaching, Crop uptake rate of N was simulated by a supply function that depends on cumulative and daily thermal units, soil water content, and soil N availability, Comparison of simulated and experimental crop N uptake through the season showed especially good agreement for 0 to 12 g N m(-2) fertilizer treatments, At 24 and 42 g N m(-2), the simulated crop N uptake was greater than observed, Nevertheless, comparable seasonal patterns between simulations and observations at all fertility levels were obtained for accumulated total biomass and grain. Final grain yields for all fertility treatments were simulated to be within 8% of the observed. A sensitivity test was performed with the model to investigate the importance of various physiological parameters on biomass accumulation and yield, Yield estimates under low soil N levels tended to be most sensitive to minimum grain N concentration. C1 CSIRO,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTURES,CUNNINGHAM LAB,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 632 EP 641 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100005 ER PT J AU MUCHOW, RC SINCLAIR, TR AF MUCHOW, RC SINCLAIR, TR TI EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY ON MAIZE YIELD .2. FIELD AND MODEL ANALYSIS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY; SORGHUM AB Experiments investigating the yield response of maize (Zea mays L,) to applications of fertilizer N are generally analyzed empirically. While the nature of the yield response can be characterized, information on the effects of various components influencing the soil and crop N budgets are unresolved, The objective of this study was to examine the results of a series of N fertility experiments with the aid of a mechanistically based crop model. The experiments resulted in grain yields ranging from 99 to 1102 g m(-2), and these yields were well simulated by the model (r(2) = 0.97). Under high fertility conditions, temperature and solar radiation interception explained the variation in yield among environments. Under low fertility conditions, mineralization of soil organic N was especially important in explaining yield variations among environments, Management practices preceding the experimental crops were hypothesized to have large effects on the N availability in the soil, and consequently influence observed and simulated yields, Sensitivity tests confirmed the importance of defining the initial soil organic N levels in simulating crop growth and yield when there is little or no applied N fertilizer. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. CSIRO,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTURES,CUNNINGHAM LAB,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 642 EP 648 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100006 ER PT J AU LORY, JA RUSSELLE, MP PETERSON, TA AF LORY, JA RUSSELLE, MP PETERSON, TA TI A COMPARISON OF 2 NITROGEN CREDIT METHODS - TRADITIONAL VS DIFFERENCE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS; CROP SEQUENCES; CORN RESPONSE; SOIL-NITROGEN; COVER CROP; LEGUME; ALFALFA; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ROTATIONS AB Cereals and other nonlegumes typically require less fertilizer N when grown following a legume, Nitrogen credits for a previous legume crop often are used to reduce fertilizer N recommendations in combination with other site-specific information, Researchers continue to use two methods of determining N credits, the traditional and difference techniques, which often produce unequal estimates, Our objective was to clarify when each method provides accurate N credit estimates. The traditional method compares yield of a nonfertilized nonlegume crop grown in rotation to the fertilizer N response curve of the continuously cropped nonlegume. This approach assumes that fertilizer N compensates for all benefits of rotation. The difference method compares the economic N rate of the nonlegume crop grown in rotation with that of the continuously cropped nonlegume, We use examples from the literature to demonstrate that when non-N rotation effects are present, N credit estimates from the two methods will differ. The difference method is more accurate and should be used unless it has been demonstrated that non-N rotation effects are not present. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,SE RES & EXT CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP LORY, JA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,119 KEIM HALL E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 648 EP 651 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100007 ER PT J AU AASE, JK PIKUL, JL AF AASE, JK PIKUL, JL TI CROP AND SOIL RESPONSE TO LONG-TERM TILLAGE PRACTICES IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FERTILIZATION; ROTATION; CORN; NITROGEN; SURFACE; SYSTEMS; PH AB Summer fallow is the most common cultural practice in the northern Great Plains. With proper cultural management, however, annual cropping may be feasible and economical. Our objective was to determine crop and soil response to nontraditional annual cropping practices (till and no-till) in lieu of conventional fallow-crop rotation for the production of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the northern Great Plains. The study, initiated in 1983, was on a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) 11 km north of Culbertson, MT. Tillage practices on annually cropped treatments included sweep tillage in autumn and disk tillage in spring; sweep tillage in spring; and no-tillage. Conventional fallow-spring wheat rotations were included as the control. With three exceptions, there were no statistical differences among treatments in soil P, soil nitrate N, and pH. Phosphorus and N were nonlimiting in all years; pH decreased about 0.06 units per year in the 0- to 8-cm layer because of N fertilization. Bulk density differences in the 0- to 10-cm layer appeared after 7 yr, with the lowest bulk density for the no-tillage annual crop treatment. Grain and straw yields with the no-tillage treatment were both 80% of yields with the fallow-crop treatment. Total water use efficiency, based on soil water differences between harvest of one crop and harvest of the next, was significantly greater with no-tillage than with the fallow-crop treatment. Soil organic C decreased nearly 0.4 g kg(-1) per year with the fallow-crop treatment; there was a negligible decline with the no-tillage annual crop treatment. No-tillage annual spring wheat crop production was the most efficient crop and soil management practice from the standpoint of yield, water use efficiency, soil organic C, and bulk density. C1 USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR,SIDNEY,MT 59270. RP AASE, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 31 TC 82 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 652 EP 656 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100008 ER PT J AU PIKUL, JL AASE, JK AF PIKUL, JL AASE, JK TI INFILTRATION AND SOIL PROPERTIES AS AFFECTED BY ANNUAL CROPPING IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ROTATION; SASKATCHEWAN; RESIDUE AB Fallow-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems may be responsible for declines in soil organic matter and degradation of soil physical properties. A change to annual cropping may improve or at least maintain soil properties. Tillage and crop sequence effects on soil properties and water infiltration were tested after 9 yr of cropping on a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiborolls) derived in glacial till. Annual cropping tillage of fall sweep and spring disk (AWFST), and no tillage (AWNT) were compared with conventional tillage in wheat-fallow (FWCT) as the control. Statistical design was a randomized complete block with four replications, Soil samples were taken at 0.03-m increments to a depth of 0.3 m and were used to measure organic carbon (OC), pH, bulk density (BD), and particle size. Point resistance was measured in 0.02-m increments, Water infiltration into dry and wet soil was measured using a rainfall simulator, Maximum soil BD was 1.61 Mg m(-3) on FWCT and 1.56 Mg m(-3) on AWNT. Soil BD was not changed by one winter of freezing and thawing. Maximum point resistance was 2.2 MPa on FWCT and 1.7 MPa on AWNT. Cumulative 3-h infiltration into dry soil was 52 mm for FWCT and 69 mm for AWNT. Final infiltration rate into wet soil was 5 mm h(-1) for FWCT and 6 mm h(-1) for AWNT. There was a significant difference in the depth distribution of OC between annual crop and FWCT treatments. Mass of OC in the top 0.09 m of soil was 1.65 kg m(-2) on annual crop treatments and 1.45 kg m(-2) on FWCT, Greater amounts of OC on the annual crop treatments compared with the FWCT attest to the beneficial aspect of annual cropping in maintaining a level of soil quality that is greater than FWCT. From a soil conservation perspective, no-tillage has an additional advantage because surface cover is maintained throughout the year, thereby reducing the potential for soil erosion. C1 USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. RP PIKUL, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR,POB 1109,SIDNEY,MT 59270, USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 656 EP 662 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100009 ER PT J AU STOUT, WL JUNG, GA AF STOUT, WL JUNG, GA TI BIOMASS AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN SWITCHGRASS - EFFECTS OF SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; TALL FESCUE; GRASSES; YIELD AB Grasslands are the basis of animal agriculture in the northeastern USA. Adapted warm-season grasses make a valuable contribution to grassland production in this region, but knowledge of the interactive effects between soils and environment on their production is limited. Our objective was to examine and evaluate the interactive effects of soils and environment on biomass and N accumulation by switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. cv. Cave-n-Rock), an adapted warm-season grass. The study was conducted for 3 yr on four sites in central Pennsylvania selected to provide differences in soil water holding capacity and temperature regime. Switchgrass was treated with 0 and 84 kg N ha(-1) as NH4NO3. Biweekly biomass samples were taken starting 15 June and continued until the grass reached heading stage, approximately 31 July. Biomass accumulation rates for this 31-d period ranged from 157 to 211 kg ha(-1) d(-1). Soil N, N fertilization, and temperature controlled biomass accumulation rates. Total N uptake rates ranged from 1.49 to 2.63 kg ha(-1) d(-1) and were controlled by soil N levels and N fertilization. Fertilizer N recovery averaged about 40%, and was lowest where native soil N exceeded 2.0 g kg(-1). RP STOUT, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 663 EP 669 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100010 ER PT J AU HARPER, LA SHARPE, RR AF HARPER, LA SHARPE, RR TI NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN IRRIGATED CORN - SOIL-PLANT NITROGEN AND ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA TRANSPORT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; VOLATILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; CONSERVATION; ABSORPTION; EXCHANGE; LEAVES; CROP AB Ammonia transport in cropping systems can affect atmospheric pollution, soil-plant N relationships, and crop N-use efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the N dynamics of a corn (Zea mays L., Pioneer hybrid 3379) cropping system and determine the effect of NH3 transport and crop NH3 compensation point on N relations in the crop. Soil and plant N measurements were made during the growing season along with plant-atmosphere NH3 transport using flux-gradient micrometeorological techniques. The crop generally emitted NH3 throughout the season when the atmospheric NH3 concentrations were near background levels. During periods of high atmospheric NH3 concentrations, the crop absorbed significant amounts of NH3 from the atmosphere. Net seasonal NH3 transport was determined to be a small loss, based on the number of measurement periods throughout the growing season; however, N isotope studies in a nearby field estimated significant NH3 losses. Nitrogen isotope studies cannot account for the substitution of (NH3)-N-14 absorbed from the atmosphere for volatilized (NH3)-N-15. These results indicate that care must be taken when using N isotopes to evaluate N losses from cropping systems when plants are actively growing. Nitrous oxide flux was measured late in the cropping season, but showed small denitrification losses during the measurement period. The crop NH3 compensation point varied during the time of day and with respect to soil-plant-atmosphere influence. Net NH3 transport accounted for little of the N lost from this cropping system. RP HARPER, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 669 EP 675 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100011 ER PT J AU JAMES, DW DHUMAL, SS RUMBAUGH, MD TINDALL, TA AF JAMES, DW DHUMAL, SS RUMBAUGH, MD TINDALL, TA TI INHERITANCE OF POTASSIUM-SODIUM NUTRITIONAL TRAITS IN ALFALFA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BARLEY VARIETIES; EFFICIENCY AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growing on K-depleted, semiarid, calcareous soil displays three K-deficiency symptoms: (i) white spots on leaflets (W), (ii) marginal chlorosis (M), and (iii) normal leaflets on stunted plants (N). In a greenhouse study, we examined partitioning and heritability of K and Na nutritional traits in three alfalfa clones and their crosses, and also how K and Na soil fertility levels affected biomass production, genetic dependence of K and Na uptake and partitioning, and K use efficiency. Mother plants were propagated vegetatively and by seed from phenotype crosses in a low-K, low-Na, calcareous soil rooting medium. One trial used K- and Na-amended soil. Harvests were at early bloom. Leaves contained more K than stems, with no difference among phenotypes; Na was uniform in stems, but leaves of M contained much more Na than leaves of N and W. With nonamended soil, K and Na uptake and partitioning among leaves, stems, and roots were significantly affected by cross. The Na:K ratio in leaves, stems, and roots was strongly influenced by phenotype and cross. Biomass production of leaves and stems differed among crosses and was increased by K fertilization; Na fertilization affected biomass only of leaves, and only in crosses MxM and NxN (Na may have partially replaced K). The shoot:root ratio was affected only by cross. Potassium use efficiency was affected by cross and by Na fertilization. Broad-sense heritability for K and Na concentration was high, especially for Na in leaves and stems. Uptake and partitioning of Na and K in phenotype crosses supported narrow-sense heritability as well. Genetics, rather than soil K-Na competition, governed Na uptake, translocation, and utilization by phenotypes. Accordingly, characterization of K nutrition in alfalfa must consider Na levels. As phenotypes of alfalfa cultivars range widely in K-Na nutritional traits, it should be possible to select for high yield and K use efficiency. C1 USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV IDAHO,TWIN FALLS,ID 83301. RP JAMES, DW (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 681 EP 686 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100013 ER PT J AU COBLENTZ, WK FRITZ, JO BOLSEN, KK SKINNER, DZ COCHRAN, RC AF COBLENTZ, WK FRITZ, JO BOLSEN, KK SKINNER, DZ COCHRAN, RC TI DEGRADATION BY FICIN OF PROTEIN FROM ALFALFA HAY CONSERVED AS CONVENTIONAL AND LABORATORY-SCALE BALES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEGRADABILITY; PROTEOLYSIS; DIGESTION; FORAGE; COWS AB Ficin was utilized in a 2-h in vitro incubation procedure to characterize the partitioning of N into fractions based on resistance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) proteins to enzymatic degradation. Objectives included evaluation of the following treatment effects on N partitioning: (i) moisture content; (ii) laboratory bale density; (iii) laboratory baling without heating during storage; (iv) spontaneous heating in laboratory bales; and (v) conventional baling. Alfalfa at three moisture levels (268, 229, and 185 g kg(-1)) was conserved in the following bale types: (i) conventional bales; (ii) laboratory bales made at 1.0, 1.3, 1.7, and 2.0 times the density of conventional bales and incubated in two environments (straw stacks or insulated boxes); or (iii) a prestorage control, Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) moisture x bale type interactions were observed for most N fractions, indicating N partitioning among bale types was greatly changed in high-moisture hay, but remained relatively stable in dry hay, Except for the Pool-C N fraction, which includes Maillard reaction products, laboratory-bale density generally had little effect on N partitioning. At the medium and low moisture levels, prestorage controls had more Pool-A N (greater buffer solubility) than did nonheated laboratory bales. Heating in laboratory bales facilitated additional significant change in N fractions, relative to nonheated laboratory bales. While Maillard reaction products increased in response to laboratory bale density, large increases in the portion of potentially available N most resistant to enzymatic degradation (B-2 subfraction), appeared dependent on large heat increments incurred specifically in conventional bales. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP COBLENTZ, WK (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 721 EP 730 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100019 ER PT J AU MOORE, KJ VOGEL, KP KLOPFENSTEIN, TJ MASTERS, RA ANDERSON, BE AF MOORE, KJ VOGEL, KP KLOPFENSTEIN, TJ MASTERS, RA ANDERSON, BE TI EVALUATION OF 4 INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS POPULATIONS UNDER GRAZING SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; YIELD AB The grazing season in the central and northern Great Plains could be extended by use of adapted cool-season grass pastures for spring and fall grazing to augment the native warm-season range. A grazing trial was conducted to evaluate the forage quality of four intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey] populations for use in forage-livestock systems. The cultivars Slate and Oahe and two populations selected for improved IVDMD, 'Manska' and NE TI 1, were evaluated, Each population was seeded in the fall of 1987 in three replicated 0.4-ha pastures arranged in a randomized complete block design, Pastures were stocked with three beef yearlings for 28 d in spring 1989 and 42 d in spring 1990 to provide a stocking rate of 7.5 steers ha(-1). Duration of grazing was shorter in 1989 because of inadequate soil moisture, Average daily gain (ADG) and gain per hectare were higher (P less than or equal to 0.10) in 1989 than 1990, despite the lower (P less than or equal to 0.10) forage availability and lesser number of grazing days in 1989. Steers grazing Manska in 1989 gained 1.59 kg d(-1), compared with 1.42, 1.27, and 1.43 for Oahe, Slate, and NE TI 1, respectively, There were no differences (P > 0.10) in ADG or gain per hectare among populations in 1990. The improvement in ADG resulted in 30 to 65 kg more gain per hectare from Manska compared with the other populations in 1989. These results demonstrate the excellent quality of intermediate wheatgrass for grazing livestock and the impact that modest improvements in forage quality can have on animal performance. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP MOORE, KJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 744 EP 747 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RV011 UT WOS:A1995RV01100022 ER PT J AU JONASSE, R AF JONASSE, R TI THE FORESTERS EYE - TECHNOLOGY, TECHNIQUES AND PERCEPTIONS IN EARLY AMERICAN FORESTRY SO ALTERNATIVES-PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIETY TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALTERNATIVES PI WATERLOO PA UNIV WATERLOO FAC ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, WATERLOO ON N2L 3G1, CANADA SN 0002-6638 J9 ALTERN-P SOC TEC JI Altern.-Perspect. Soc. Technol. Environ. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 21 IS 3 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RE572 UT WOS:A1995RE57200026 ER PT J AU CASTANEDA, C CHARNLEY, JM EVANS, WJ CRIM, MC AF CASTANEDA, C CHARNLEY, JM EVANS, WJ CRIM, MC TI ELDERLY WOMEN ACCOMMODATE TO A LOW-PROTEIN DIET WITH LOSSES OF BODY CELL MASS, MUSCLE FUNCTION, AND IMMUNE-RESPONSE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HUMANS; AGING; MARGINAL PROTEIN INTAKES; ADAPTATION; ACCOMMODATION; PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS; BODY COMPOSITION ID MEN; ADAPTATION; ENERGY; NUTRITION; NITROGEN; HUMANS; FLUIDS; YOUNG; FAT; AGE AB A 9-wk study of adaptation to marginal protein intakes was conducted in 12 elderly women. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups fed a weight-maintenance diet containing either 1.47 (low) or 2.94 (adequate) g protein . kg body cell mass(-1). d(-1)(0.45 and 0.92 g . kg body wt(-1) . d(-1), respectively). Mean nitrogen balance in the low-protein group remained negative throughout the study. These subjects experienced significant losses in lean tissue, immune response, and muscle function. The adequate-protein group was in nitrogen balance throughout the study, without changes in lean tissue, and with improvements in immune response, serum immunoglobulins, albumin, total protein values, and muscle function. Thus, elderly women fed the low-protein diet accommodated to the diet by compromising functional capacity, whereas those fed the adequate diet maintained functional capacity. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 45 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 62 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RG808 UT WOS:A1995RG80800005 PM 7598064 ER PT J AU CASTANEDA, C DOLNIKOSKI, GG DALLAL, GE EVANS, WJ CRIM, MC AF CASTANEDA, C DOLNIKOSKI, GG DALLAL, GE EVANS, WJ CRIM, MC TI PROTEIN-TURNOVER AND ENERGY-METABOLISM OF ELDERLY WOMEN FED A LOW-PROTEIN DIET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HUMANS; AGING; PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS; LEUCINE TURNOVER; RESTING METABOLIC RATE; ADAPTATION; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE ID ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; YOUNG MEN; ALPHA-KETOISOCAPROATE; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; LEUCINE KINETICS; MASS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIVES; INFUSION; ADULT AB The metabolic mechanisms of accommodation to a low-protein diet in elderly women were studied. Diets containing 1.47 (low) or 2.94 (adequate) g protein . kg body cell mass(-1). d(-1) (0.45 or 0.92 g . kg body weight(-1) . d(-1), respectively) were fed for 10 wk. Fed state leucine kinetics, fasted and fed metabolic rate, and acute-phase responses to a bout of exercise were measured. Leucine uptake into protein, breakdown, and acute-phase responses were not significantly different within or between diet groups. In the low-protein group, leucine flux and oxidation were lower after 3 wk and oxidation continued to decrease throughout the 10-wk study. When expressed per body cell mass, metabolic rate increased over time in the low-protein group only. Leucine oxidation was a more sensitive index of the adequacy of protein intake than synthesis, flux, metabolic rate, or acute-phase response. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 62 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RG808 UT WOS:A1995RG80800006 PM 7598065 ER PT J AU FORMAN, MR BEECHER, GR LANZA, E REICHMAN, ME GRAUBARD, BI CAMPBELL, WS MARR, T YONG, LC JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR AF FORMAN, MR BEECHER, GR LANZA, E REICHMAN, ME GRAUBARD, BI CAMPBELL, WS MARR, T YONG, LC JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR TI EFFECT OF ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION ON PLASMA CAROTENOID CONCENTRATIONS IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN - A CONTROLLED DIETARY STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CAROTENOIDS; ALCOHOL; CONTROLLED DIET; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-E; SUBSEQUENT CANCER; SEPARATION; VEGETABLES; SELENIUM; EXTRACTS; SMOKING; FRUITS AB This 6-mo controlled dietary study compared the effect of 30 g alcohol/d for three menstrual cycles with three alcohol-free cycles on plasma carotenoid concentrations in 18 nonsmoking, premenopausal women. Participants were randomly allocated within a crossover design to either phase and consumed approximate to 6 mg total carotenoids/d under isoenergetic conditions. Blood was drawn during the third menstrual cycle of each alcohol phase. After adjustment for the mean daily specific carotenoid and energy intakes for each alcohol phase, the paired differences in mean plasma alpha and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly higher by 19% (P = 0.027) and 13% (P = 0.034), respectively, during the alcohol-intake phase of the study. The paired difference in mean plasma lutein/zeaxanthin concentration was significantly lower by 17% (P = 0.031) when the participants consumed alcohol than when they did not. This is the first reported study in women to document the independent effect of alcohol on plasma carotenoid concentrations without the potential interaction of smoking under controlled dietary conditions. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD. INFORMAT MANAGEMENT SERV INC,SILVER SPRING,MD. RP FORMAN, MR (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CPRP,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,EXECUT PLAZA N,SUITE 211,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 62 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RG808 UT WOS:A1995RG80800018 PM 7598056 ER PT J AU FRANK, GH BRIGGS, RE ZEHR, ES AF FRANK, GH BRIGGS, RE ZEHR, ES TI COLONIZATION OF THE TONSILS AND NASOPHARYNX OF CALVES BY A RIFAMPICIN-RESISTANT PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA AND ITS INHIBITION BY VACCINATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; M-PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; ANTIGEN AB A rifampicin-resistant Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 with 2 added plasmids was used as a colonization-challenge strain in calves to test the resistance to colonization elicited by vaccination. Nine calves were vaccinated with a tissue culture-derived P haemolytica serotype-l vaccine which, in a prior study, had elicited a serotype-specific inhibition of nasal and tonsillar colonization by the homologous serotype under field conditions. The vaccinates and 9 nonvaccinated control calves were exposed by tonsillar instillation with the challenge strain. The P haemolytica were enumerated in nasal secretion and tonsil wash specimens collected biweekly for 3 weeks. Rifampicin-supplemented agar medium inhibited growth of other bacterial species in the specimens and, thus, increased the sensitivity of detection of the challenge P haemolytica by 100-fold. The challenge strain retained its plasmids during the period of colonization. Inhibition of colonization was evidenced by lower frequency of isolations and fewer isolations of the challenge strain from nasal secretion and tonsil wash specimens of the vaccinates than from those of the nonvaccinates. RP FRANK, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 56 IS 7 BP 866 EP 869 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RJ860 UT WOS:A1995RJ86000005 PM 7574152 ER PT J AU MILLER, JM WHETSTONE, CA BELLO, LJ LAWRENCE, WC WHITBECK, JC AF MILLER, JM WHETSTONE, CA BELLO, LJ LAWRENCE, WC WHITBECK, JC TI ABORTION IN HEIFERS INOCULATED WITH A THYMIDINE KINASE-NEGATIVE RECOMBINANT OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ACTION; DELETION MUTANT; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; RHINOTRACHEITIS AB The Cooper isolate of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) was used to produce a thymidine kinase-negative ( TK-) recombinant by insertion of a beta-galactosidase (bgal) expression cassette into the TK coding region. The recombinant virus (TK(-)bgal+) was tested for abortifacient activity in cattle by inoculation of 5 pregnant heifers at 25 to 29 weeks gestation. Five additional heifers were inoculated with the Cooper TK-positive ( TK+) virus to serve as controls. After inoculation, both groups of heifers developed similar febrile responses and neutralizing antibody titers. Virus was isolated from blood of all heifers during the first postinoculation (PI) week, and isolation frequencies were similar for both groups. Ln contrast, whereas virus was isolated from many of the nasal and vaginal swab specimens of heifers inoculated with TK+ virus, only rare virus isolations were made from the heifers given TK- bgal+ virus. All heifers inoculated with TK+ virus aborted between PI days 19 and 35. The finding of characteristic microscopic lesions and viral antigen in fetal tissues indicated that the abortions were caused by BHV-1 infection. Virus was isolated from 3 fetuses, and all isolates were TK+. Two heifers inoculated with TK- bgal+ virus aborted at PI days 25 and 39. Fetal tissues had typical BHV-1 microscopic lesions and viral antigen. Virus was isolated from blood of both fetuses, and the isolates were TK- bgal+. Results of this study indicate that inactivation of the TK gene reduces, but does not eliminate, the abortifacient activity of BHV-1. C1 UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,MICROBIOL LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP MILLER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 56 IS 7 BP 870 EP 874 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RJ860 UT WOS:A1995RJ86000006 PM 7574153 ER PT J AU MORTON, RJ PANCIERA, RJ FULTON, RW FRANK, GH EWING, SA HOMER, JT CONFER, AW AF MORTON, RJ PANCIERA, RJ FULTON, RW FRANK, GH EWING, SA HOMER, JT CONFER, AW TI VACCINATION OF CATTLE WITH OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN-ENRICHED FRACTIONS OF PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA AND RESISTANCE AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL CHALLENGE EXPOSURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SERUM ANTIBODY; ANTIGENS; SEROTYPE-1; MULTOCIDA; EFFICACY; EXTRACT; CALVES AB Administration of an N-lauroylsarcosine - derived outer membrane protein fraction of Pasteurella haemolytica Al (SCI-1) induced a protective response in calves against intrathoracic challenge exposure with the homologous serovar. Outer membrane proteins from heterologous serovars, A6 and A9, induced partial protection that was associated with their respective similarities to serovar A1 in outer membrane protein profiles derived by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Calves vaccinated with scI preparations did not have detectable neutralizing antibody to P haemolytica A1 leukotoxin. Antibodies to whole-cell antigens, carbohydrate-protein subunit antigen, and SCI-1 were associated with resistance, which indicates that protein antigens shared among cell surface, carbohydrate-protein subunit, and SCI preparations are immunogenic and enhance resistance to experimental challenge exposure. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP MORTON, RJ (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PARASITOL MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 56 IS 7 BP 875 EP 879 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RJ860 UT WOS:A1995RJ86000007 PM 7574154 ER PT J AU BELANT, JL SEAMANS, TW GABREY, SW DOLBEER, RA AF BELANT, JL SEAMANS, TW GABREY, SW DOLBEER, RA TI ABUNDANCE OF GULLS AND OTHER BIRDS AT LANDFILLS IN NORTHERN OHIO SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LARUS-ARGENTATUS; HERRING-GULLS; REFUSE TIPS; POPULATION AB We estimated the abundance of birds at three landfills in northern Ohio from May 1991-July 1992 recording 699,350 individuals of 42 species. Gulls (Larus spp.) comprised 94.5% of the birds recorded followed by European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, 5.0%) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura, 0.3%). Gulls were primarily of two species, ring-billed (L. delawarensis, 74.49%) and herring (L. argemtatis, 25.50%). The mean number of gulls per observation during July-January was at least five times the mean number observed during other months. The combined monthly mean number of gulls at the three landfills peaked in August (>4000 birds), with gulls virtually absent in February. Total numbers, species composition and age composition of gulls varied seasonally in response to breeding, foraging and migratory behavior of local and regional populations. More than 98% of gulls observed were recorded on or within 30 m of the ground. A mean of one +/- 17 (SD) gulls per observation were observed soaring at >300 m elevation over the landfills. Species composition and seasonal abundance of birds varied considerably among the three landfills, even though they were operated similarly and were in dose proximity to each other. To adequately assess the use of landfills by gulls and other birds, studies lasting greater than or equal to 1 year are required. Furthermore, the results from one landfill cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other landfills in the same region. RP BELANT, JL (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 134 IS 1 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.2307/2426480 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RN004 UT WOS:A1995RN00400002 ER PT J AU LOCKABY, BG MILLER, JH CLAWSON, RG AF LOCKABY, BG MILLER, JH CLAWSON, RG TI INFLUENCES OF COMMUNITY COMPOSITION ON BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF LOBLOLLY-PINE (PINUS-TAEDA) SYSTEMS SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; FOREST FLOOR; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; SOIL AB Litterfall and decomposition processes were compared among four forest plantations that were dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) but that differed in terms of presence or absence of deciduous and herbaceous components. Based on aboveground litterfall, the pine-only community was the most productive but had the slowest turnover of organic matter in the forest floor. The presence of deciduous and/or herbaceous vegetation caused more rapid turnover of forest litter and altered the nature of immobilization/mineralization patterns for N and P in the same material. Temporal patterns of N and P changes in the forest floor were much more dynamic in mixed pine-deciduous communities and suggest more intense competition between microbes and vegetation for those elements. Mineralization pulses are more frequent and occur on a different temporal scale in the pine plus deciduous communities also. Results are discussed in terms of their potential importance during ecosystem restoration/manipulation efforts that increase or decrease the presence of particular vegetation components within forest communities. C1 AUBURN UNIV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SO FOREST EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP LOCKABY, BG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 134 IS 1 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.2307/2426494 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RN004 UT WOS:A1995RN00400016 ER PT J AU KING, JW JOHNSON, JH ELLER, FJ AF KING, JW JOHNSON, JH ELLER, FJ TI EFFECT OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE PRESSURIZED WITH HELIUM ON SOLUTE SOLUBILITY DURING SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID PRODUCTS; OIL; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CO2 AB Carbon dioxide cylinders, pressurized with a helium headspace, find routine use as a soh ent in analytical supercritical fluid extraction(SFE). In this study, the solubilities of soybean oil in neat supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and CO2 with entrained helium were measured at 70 degrees C and three different pressures. The oil solubility was found to be substantially diminished when the CO2/He source was used, presumably by the presence of small amounts of helium dissolved in the extraction fluid. The recorded reductions in solubility (30-50 wt %) should be taken into account in performing and optimizing SFE with helium-pressurized cylinders. RP KING, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 13 BP 2288 EP 2291 DI 10.1021/ac00109a058 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RF792 UT WOS:A1995RF79200063 ER PT J AU WESLEYSMITH, J BERJAK, P PAMMENTER, NW VERTUCCI, CW AF WESLEYSMITH, J BERJAK, P PAMMENTER, NW VERTUCCI, CW TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECTS OF FREEZING IN EMBRYONIC AXES OF PISUM-SATIVUM L AT VARIOUS WATER CONTENTS SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE PISUM SATIVUM L; PEA; EMBRYONIC AXIS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CRYOPRESERVATION; RAPID FREEZING ID DESICCATION; SEEDS AB This study investigated the effects of rapid drying (in an air stream) and rapid freezing (in sub-cooled liquid nitrogen) on the survival and ultrastructural preservation of pea embryonic axes that had been imbibed for 4 h (desiccation tolerant) and 24 h (desiccation sensitive). Maximum survival of all axes in the absence of freezing was attained. Similarly, 100% survival was obtained if freezing was preceded by rapid drying. Axes imbibed for 24 h and nor dried were more sensitive to freezing than undried, 4 h imbibed axes. Ultrastructural examination showed no organellar or cytomatrical deformations in axes from any of the treatments. Some cells of the 24 h imbibed axes showed localized plasmalemma abnormalities after rapid dehydration. Subsequent to freezing, irregular nuclei were observed and plasmalemma vesiculation occurred. If these axes were not dried prior to freezing, plasmalemma vesiculation became prominent, clumping of the cytoskeleton occurred and some wall abnormalities became apparent. Rapid drying probably increases intercellular solute concentrations, and sub-cooled liquid nitrogen will increase the rate of heat exchange between tissue and cryogen. A combination of rapid drying and rapid freezing may obviate, or reduce, the requirement for cryoprotectants on freezing of desiccation sensitive tissue. (C) 1995 Annals of Botany Company C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP WESLEYSMITH, J (reprint author), UNIV NATAL,DEPT BIOL,PLANT CELL BIOL RES UNIT,PRIVATE BAG X10,DALBRIDGE 4014,SOUTH AFRICA. RI Pammenter, Norman/E-9357-2010; Berjak, Patricia/E-9362-2010 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 76 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1006/anbo.1995.1078 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN014 UT WOS:A1995RN01400008 ER PT J AU LEINONEN, I REPO, T HANNINEN, H BURR, KE AF LEINONEN, I REPO, T HANNINEN, H BURR, KE TI A 2ND-ORDER DYNAMIC-MODEL FOR THE FROST HARDINESS OF TREES SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ACCLIMATION; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; DOUGLAS FIR; DYNAMIC MODEL; FROST HARDINESS; PHOTOPERIOD; PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII; TEMPERATURE ID RED-OSIER DOGWOOD; PINUS-RADIATA; PICEA-SITCHENSIS; COLD HARDINESS; PHOTOPERIOD; TEMPERATURE; SEEDLINGS; BUDBURST; SHOOT AB The development of frost hardiness in forest trees is described by a dynamic model in which the input variables are the prevailing environmental conditions and the developmental stage of trees. The assumption of the model is that for each temperature and photoperiod there is a discrete stationary level of frost hardiness, which is attained if these environmental factors remain constant. The dependence of the stationary level on temperature and photoperiod is assumed to be piece-wise linear and additive. The rate of acclimation, i.e. frost hardening or dehardening, is described as a second-order dynamic process with two time constants, the second of which changes depending on the stage of the annual development of the trees. The frost hardiness model was calibrated and tested using experimental data from Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) France] seedlings. The results suggest that the second-order model describes the changes in frost hardiness better than the first-order model with only one time constant. (C) 1995 Annals of Botany Company C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MTN RES STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP LEINONEN, I (reprint author), UNIV JOENSUU,FAC FORESTRY,POB 111,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 76 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1006/anbo.1995.1082 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN014 UT WOS:A1995RN01400012 ER PT J AU WAGNER, DL PEACOCK, JW CARTER, JL TALLEY, SE AF WAGNER, DL PEACOCK, JW CARTER, JL TALLEY, SE TI SPRING CATERPILLAR FAUNA OF OAK AND BLUEBERRY IN A VIRGINIA DECIDUOUS FOREST SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; GELECHIIDAE; QUERCUS; VACCINIUM; NICHE OVERLAP ID INSECTS AB Lepidopteran faunas of oak and blueberry were studied in an oak woodland in west central Virginia. Larvae were collected from foliage over 2-wk period and from beneath burlap bands over a 5-wk period in the spring of 1992. One hundred and twenty-nine larvae from 15 families were identified, including 38 noctuids, 32 tortrioids, 21 geometrids, and 20 gelechiids. Notable by their absence were Pyralidae, Limacodidae, Notodontidae, and several leafinining groups-all common faunal elements of midsummer foliage. Microlepidopterans accounted for 95% of the larvae from foliage of scarlet/red oak, Erythrobalanus, and 93% of those from blueberry, Vaccinium vacillans Torr. Tortricids (52%), and gelechiids (42%) were numerically the most important families in the foliage collections, Canopy (oak) samples yielded 0.75 larvae per branch tip; subcanopy (oak) samples had 0.46 larvae per branch tip; and understory (blueberry) had 0.13 larvae per branch tip. Macro- and microlepidopteran numbers dropped off by more than one-half on both canopy (oak) and blueberry samples over the 2-wk sampling period, as the spring foliage matured and hardened. Larval abundance under burlap was highest on 24 May, the first sampling date, and continued dropping thereafter. New host-plant records are reported for species of Geometridae, Noctuidae, Tortricidae, and Gelechiidae. C1 NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. ROCKBRIDGE CTY GYPSY MOTH PROGRAM,LEXINGTON,VA 24450. RP WAGNER, DL (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,U BOX 43,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 416 EP 426 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK215 UT WOS:A1995RK21500004 ER PT J AU WIEBER, AM COOK, SP WEBB, RE TATMAN, KM REARDON, RC AF WIEBER, AM COOK, SP WEBB, RE TATMAN, KM REARDON, RC TI NICHE PARTITIONING BY 4 GELIS SPP (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE) HYPERPARASITOIDS OF THE PRIMARY GYPSY-MOTH PARASITOID COTESIA-MELANOSCELA (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE GELIS; COTESIA MELANOSCELA; COMPETITION ID LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB A year-long examination of exposed Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) cocoons at three sites in Maryland yielded 20 species of hyperparasitoids. Four of the seven species that co-occurred at all three sites were Gelis apantelis Cushman, C. obscurus (Cresson), G. tenellus (Say), and a fourth unidentified Gelis sp. Each of the four species demonstrated periods of peak attack activity that varied by site. Size or species of tree on which the C, melanoscela cocoons were placed had little or no influence on Gelis parasitism of the cocoons. The height of cocoon exposure did influence Gelis attack: G. apantelis, C. obscurus, and the fourth Gelis sp. parasitized proportionally more cocoons at the lower heights, and G. tenellus proportionally attacked more cocoons placed higher in the trees. Temporal and spatial overlap of the Gelis spp, allowed competition between the species for utilization of the C. melanoscela resource. When two or more of the Gelis spp. co-occurred on a tree during an exposure period, distributions of individual species were usually reduced. However, ale influence of interspecific competition between the Gelis spp. may be lessened because of the wide host range and long adult life spans. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. MARYLAND DEPT AGR, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401 USA. US FOREST SERV, NATL CTR FOREST HLTH MANAGEMENT, MORGANTOWN, WV 26505 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 427 EP 433 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK215 UT WOS:A1995RK21500005 ER PT J AU MARTIN, RM COX, JR ALSTON, DG IBARRA, F AF MARTIN, RM COX, JR ALSTON, DG IBARRA, F TI SPITTLEBUG (HOMOPTERA, CERCOPIDAE) LIFE-CYCLE ON BUFFELGRASS IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CENCHRUS CILIARIS; AENEOLAMIA ALBOFASCIATA; SONORAN DESERT ID GRASSES AB The spittlebug, Aeneolania albofasciata Lalleman, is the most economically important insect pest of buffelgrass pastures in Mexico. In 1984-1986 we studied the effect of climate on the life cycle of this insect in Sonora, Mexico, by monitoring spittlebug nymph and adult densities in relation to summer precipitation and maximum and minimum temperatures. The amount of summer precipitation appeared to be the most important climatic factor affecting spittlebug population density and duration of nymphal and adult life stages. The correlation coefficient between cumulative summer rainfall and density of nymphs was 0.93, and for adults it was 0.92 in the 3 yr. Mean maximum, and minimum temperatures, however, were not related to adult or nymphal densities in any year. Hatch of overwintered eggs was initiated after 45-60 mm of summer rainfall. Total and peak adults were higher in 1984 when precipitation was two times above normal (320 mm) than in 19S5 and 1986 when precipitation was below and approximately average. Insect densities declined when preoipitation was below normal (286 mm) in 1985. Life-cycle duration from the first-instar nymph through adult averaged 43 +/- 3 d across the 3 yr. The spittlebug was univoltine in 1985 and 1986, however, during wet years (such as 1984), nymphal and adult stages can be present for a longer period. RP MARTIN, RM (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 471 EP 478 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK215 UT WOS:A1995RK21500011 ER PT J AU HOWARD, RW HOWARD, CD COLQUHOUN, S AF HOWARD, RW HOWARD, CD COLQUHOUN, S TI ONTOGENIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED CHANGES IN CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS OF ORYZAEPHILUS-SURINAMENSIS (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS; CUTICLE; STRESS PHYSIOLOGY ID EPICUTICULAR LIPID-COMPOSITION; CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; DESERT TENEBRIONID BEETLE; DROSOPHILA-PSEUDOOBSCURA; PERMEABILITY; BIOCHEMISTRY; HYMENOPTERA; INSECTS; CUTICLE AB The influence of short-term environmental challenges such as desiccation and temperature extremes on the cuticular hydrocarbon composition of insects is not well understood. We report here the effects of chilling (4 degrees C), exposure to moderate relative humidity (approximate to 30%), and exposure to dusts of silica gel, cliatomaceous earth, and freeze-dried, ice-nude ating bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae) on the cuticular hydrocarbons of larvae and adults of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), a major pest of stored grain. Larvae and adult beetles have some hydrocarbons in common (particularly n-alkanes and small quantities of internal methyl branched alkanes), but they differ substantially in alkene composition. Unstressed larvae have approximate to 4% of Z-(9)-alkenes (C-25 to C-31) and 1% of a homologous series of Z,Z-(6,9)-dienes of the same chain lengths. Adult beetles, however, in unstressed situations have none of the larval dienes on their cuticle, and possess only approximate to 3% of the Z-(9)-maonoenes. When the adult beetles there environmentally stressed for 24 h, they released up to 3% of phenotypically larval dienes onto their cuticle. In addition, desiccation stresses resulted in adults substantially increasing the quantity of monoenes on their cuticle (up to 5% of the total), whereas low temperature caused them to reduce the quantity of monoenes. Larvae exposed to similar stresses did not increase the quantity of dienes on their cuticle, but rather decreased their alkenes and increased the abundance of alkanes. The release of the dienes by the adults was shown not to be from new biosynthesis, but rather to result from release of stored dienes. The physiological and ecological ramifications of these changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profile by the various life stages of the sawtoothed grain beetle in response to environmental stresses are discussed. C1 VALDOSTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,VALDOSTA,GA 31698. RP HOWARD, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 485 EP 495 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK215 UT WOS:A1995RK21500013 ER PT J AU NEAL, JW OLIVER, JE FETTERER, RH AF NEAL, JW OLIVER, JE FETTERER, RH TI IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF ACETOGENINS IDENTIFIED FROM EXOCRINE SECRETIONS OF STEPHANITIS AND CORYTHUCHA LACE BUG NYMPHS (HETEROPTERA, TINGIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ACETOGENINS; LACE BUGS; BIOASSAYS; EXOCRINES ID PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHETASE INHIBITORS; SETAL EXUDATE; HEMIPTERA; COMPONENTS AB Lace bug nymphs of the genera Corythucha and Stephanitis have secretory setae with microdroplets distributed over their body (including antennae), from which novel acetogenins have been identified. Selected lace bug acetogenins, synthetic analogs, and synthetic compounds of plant origin were evaluated for biological activity against common microorganisms and the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum (L.). Ten of the 12 lace bug-derived and related synthetic compounds tested were active in a disk diffusion test that challenged 9 bacteria and 9 fungal pathogens; of the 10 compounds causing zone inhibition, 6 were active against 3 or more species of bacteria. Zone inhibition occurred against only gram-positive bacteria which included Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenvberg) Cohn, Clavibacter michiganense subspecies michiganese (Smith) Davis, Gillaspie, Vidaver & Harris, Rhodococcus facians (Tilford) Goodfellow, Actinomyces bovis Harz, A. naeslundi Thompson & Lovestedt, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Kruse) Lehmann and Neumann. Activity against gram-negative bacteria was minimal. In a 2nd test with only gram-positive organisms, the bacteria C. michiganense, R. facians, and C. diphtheriae produced the largest zones. There was no inhibition of growth by 4 species of plant fungi and 5 insect fungal pathogens. Two compounds stunted growth of A. suum larvae with growth inhibition similar to that caused by anthelmintic standards. RP NEAL, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ARBORETUM,FLORIST & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BLDG 470,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 496 EP 501 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK215 UT WOS:A1995RK21500014 ER PT J AU RIEMANN, JG NEWMAN, SM AF RIEMANN, JG NEWMAN, SM TI DORSAL DISKS OF ADULT MALE GREENHOUSE-WHITEFLY (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM; MORPHOLOGY; DORSAL DISKS; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB A histological study was made of dorsal disks (discoidal pores) and associated epidermal cells located on the dorsal surface of abdomens of males of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). A mean of approximate to 145 dorsal disks occurred on each abdomen. Externally each disk appeared as a circular cuticular tubercle with a diameter of approximate to 3,5 mu m. Internally, there was a lumen that extended downward and laterally beneath the cuticle. A cuticular network partially subdivided the lumen into 2 parts. Each tubercle and lumen was associated with a single epidermal cell having approximately the same thickness as adjacent epidermal cells. Secretory granules, formed in sequestered portions of cytoplasm, were released into the lumen and eventually to the exterior through pores at each or several pits on the surface of each tubercle. Membrane whorls were characteristic features of die secretory granules as they moved to the apices of the cells. Histochemical tests indicated the presence of proteinaceous and lipid material in the lumen. These results correlated well with the membrane whorls and associated material seen with the transmission electron microscope. Other considerations, such as the presence of only small amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggested that die secretion was primarily lipid. No direct evidence was found concerning the function of the secretary material from the dorsal disks. A reproductive role, such as male recognition by the female, would be one possibility. RP RIEMANN, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,BOX 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 512 EP 518 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK215 UT WOS:A1995RK21500016 ER PT J AU HAMMACK, L AF HAMMACK, L TI CALLING BEHAVIOR IN FEMALE WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DIABROTICA VIRGIFERN VIRGIFRA; DIABROTICA BARBERI; CALLING; SEX PHEROMONE-RELEASING BEHAVIOR; MATING RECEPTIVITY ID DIABROTICA-BARBERI SMITH; SEX-PHEROMONE; IDENTIFICATION; PROPANOATE; PATTERNS; LAWRENCE; LECONTE AB A postural display by female western corn rootworm beetles, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was examined in relation to age, mating, and time of day and characterized as a calling or sex pheromone-releasing behavior. Calling was observed in the laboratory on the day that teneral females emerged from the soil, although frequency of the behavior did not peak until a day later. Females called throughout the day but were most active during the first half of photophase on a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. Virgin females mated significantly faster and in greater numbers if they had recently engaged in calling activity. Most females ceased calling within 24 h after insemination. Volatiles collected from calling females and used to bait sticky traps exposed in corn fields were significantly more attractive to feral western and northern corn rootworms, D, barberi Smith Br Lawrence, than were volatiles from females that did not call. Responses to the latter differed little if any from responses to controls collected from apparatus without females. RP HAMMACK, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RR 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 562 EP 569 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK215 UT WOS:A1995RK21500023 ER PT J AU PORTER, SD VANDERMEER, RK PESQUERO, MA CAMPIOLO, S FOWLER, HG AF PORTER, SD VANDERMEER, RK PESQUERO, MA CAMPIOLO, S FOWLER, HG TI SOLENOPSIS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) FIRE ANT REACTIONS TO ATTACKS OF PSEUDACTERON FLIES (DIPTERA, PHORIDAE) IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE SOLENOPSIS INVICTA; SOLENOPSIS SAEVISSIMA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; DEFENSE RESPONSES; PARASITIC FLIES; BRAZIL ID BEHAVIOR AB We studied the responses of Solenopsis fire ants to Pseudacteon phorid fly attacks in southeastern Brazil. The presence of these phorid parasites triggered a suite of phorid-specific defense responses including reduced foraging, bait guarding, a curled defensive posture, and general colony immobility. The existence of these phorid-specific defenses indicates that Pseudacteon phorids exert substantial evolutionary pressure on South American fire ant populations. C1 UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA, INST BIOCIENCIAS, DEPT ZOOL, BR-18610 BOTUCATU, SP, BRAZIL. UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA, INST BIOCIENCIAS, DEPT ECOL, BR-13500 RIO CLARO, SP, BRAZIL. RP PORTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB, POB 14565, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 23 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK215 UT WOS:A1995RK21500024 ER PT J AU CHEN, G PERCHELLET, EM GAO, XM NEWELL, SW HEMINGWAY, RW BOTTARI, V PERCHELLET, JP AF CHEN, G PERCHELLET, EM GAO, XM NEWELL, SW HEMINGWAY, RW BOTTARI, V PERCHELLET, JP TI ABILITY OF M-CHLOROPEROXYBENZOIC ACID TO INDUCE THE ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE MARKER OF SKIN TUMOR PROMOTION AND INHIBITION OF THIS RESPONSE BY GALLOTANNINS, OLIGOMERIC PROANTHOCYANIDINS, AND THEIR MONOMERIC UNITS IN MOUSE EPIDERMIS IN-VIVO SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE M-CHLOROPEROXYBENZOIC ACID; MOUSE SKIN; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; TUMOR PROMOTION; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; CONDENSED TANNINS ID BENZOYL PEROXIDE; HYDROPEROXIDE PRODUCTION; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; DNA-SYNTHESIS; SENCAR MICE; IN-VIVO; 12-O-TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL-13-ACETATE; INVIVO; CARCINOGENESIS; CHRYSAROBIN AB m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (CPBA) was tested for its ability to induce the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) marker of skin tumor promotion. In contrast to benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and 2-butanol peroxide, 5 mg of CPBA applied twice at a 72-h interval induce ODC activity at least as much as 3 mu g of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). ODC induction peaks 36 h after a single CPBA treatment but is maximal 5 h after two applications of CPBA at a 48-h interval. The ODC-inducing activity of CPBA is dose dependent and sustained after chronic treatment. In contrast to TPA, two CPBA treatments at 12-24 h intervals produce no refractory state against ODC induction. The mechanism of ODC induction by CPBA is iron dependent Various hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins (CTs) and their monomeric units remarkably inhibit the ODC response to multiple CPBA treatments. At 22 mg, gallic acid, Aleppo gall tannic acid (TA), catechin, and loblolly pine bark CT inhibit the most CPBA-induced ODC activity. Aleppo gall TA is even effective when applied sever al hours before CPBA. The tumor-promoting activity of CPBA and its inhibition by plant tannins remain to be evaluated. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,ANTI CANC DRUG LAB,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FOREST PROD UTILIZAT RES,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. SILVA SRL,I-12080 SAN MICHELE MONDO,ITALY. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA56662] NR 33 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1189 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RT070 UT WOS:A1995RT07000009 PM 7653998 ER PT J AU HORN, BW GREENE, RL DORNER, JW AF HORN, BW GREENE, RL DORNER, JW TI EFFECT OF CORN AND PEANUT CULTIVATION ON SOIL POPULATIONS OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS IN SOUTHWESTERN GEORGIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; AFLATOXINS; HARVEST; FUNGI; MAIZE AB The effect of corn and peanut cultivation on the proportion of Aspergillus flavus to A. parasiticus in soil was examined. Soil populations were monitored in three fields during three different years in southwestern Georgia. Each field was planted in both peanuts and corn, and soil was sampled within plots for each crop. A. flavus and A. parasiticus were present in similar proportions in plots from all fields at the beginning of the growing season. A. terreus, A. niger, and A. fumigatus were the other dominant aspergilli in soil. Fields A and B did not show drought stress in peanut or corn plants, and soil populations of A. flavus and A. parasiticus remained stable during the course of the year. In field C, drought stress in corn plants with associated A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination greatly increased soil populations of A. flavus relative to A. parasiticus upon dispersal of corn debris to the soil surface by a combine harvester. Colonization of organic debris after it has been added to the soil may maintain soil populations of A. parasiticus despite lower crop infection. RP HORN, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 33 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2472 EP 2475 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RG334 UT WOS:A1995RG33400004 PM 7618858 ER PT J AU MAZZOLA, M FUJIMOTO, DK THOMASHOW, LS COOK, RJ AF MAZZOLA, M FUJIMOTO, DK THOMASHOW, LS COOK, RJ TI VARIATION IN SENSITIVITY OF GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS TO ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCED BY FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS SPP AND EFFECT ON BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF TAKE-ALL OF WHEAT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VAR TRITICI; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; BIOCONTROL AGENT; COTTON SEEDLINGS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; ROOT PATHOGENS; SUPPRESSION; RHIZOSPHERE; AUREOFACIENS; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL AB Isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, the causal agent of take all of wheat, varied in sensitivity in vitro to the antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. shown previously to have potential for biological control of this pathogen. None of the four isolates of G. graminis var. avenae examined were sensitive to either of the antibiotics in vitro at the concentrations tested. The single isolate of G. graminis var. graminis tested was insensitive to PCA at 1.0 mu g/ml. Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84, both of which produce PCA, effectively suppressed take-all caused by each of two PCA-sensitive isolates of G. graminis var. tritici. PCA-producing strains exhibited a reduced ability or complete inability to suppress take-all caused by two of three isolates of G. graminis var. tritici that were insensitive to PCA at 1.0 mu g/ml. P. fluorescens Q2-87, which produces Phl, suppressed take-all caused by three Phl-sensitive isolates but failed to provide significant suppression of take-all caused by two isolates of G. graminis var. tritici that were insensitive to Phl at 3.0 mu g/ml. These findings affirm the role of the antibiotics PCA and Phl in the biocontrol activity of these fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and support earlier evidence that mechanisms in addition to PCA are responsible for suppression of take all by strain 2-79. The results show further that isolates of G. graminis var. tritici insensitive to PCA and Phl are present in the pathogen population and provide additional justification for the use of mixtures of Pseudomonas spp. that employ different mechanisms of pathogen suppression to manage this disease. RP MAZZOLA, M (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,365 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 32 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2554 EP 2559 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RG334 UT WOS:A1995RG33400017 PM 16535070 ER PT J AU JEPPSSON, H ALEXANDER, NJ HAHNHAGERDAL, B AF JEPPSSON, H ALEXANDER, NJ HAHNHAGERDAL, B TI EXISTENCE OF CYANIDE-INSENSITIVE RESPIRATION IN THE YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS AND ITS POSSIBLE INFLUENCE ON PRODUCT FORMATION DURING XYLOSE UTILIZATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE; OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS; PLANT MITOCHONDRIA; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION; PATHWAY; REDUCTASE; BALANCES AB A cyanide-insensitive acid salicyl hydroxamic acid-sensitive respiration (CLR) was found in the yeast Pichia stipitis in contrast to Candida utilis, Pachysolen tannophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During xylose utilization in the presence of either salicyl hydroxamic acid or cyanide, P. stipitis formed xylitol, arabitol, and ribitol. The existence of CIR is discussed in terms of a redox sink preventing xylitol formation in P. stipitis. C1 LUND UNIV,LUND INST TECHNOL,DEPT APPL MICROBIOL,S-22100 LUND,SWEDEN. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2596 EP 2600 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RG334 UT WOS:A1995RG33400024 PM 16535073 ER PT J AU VANBERKUM, P BEYENE, D VERA, FT KEYSER, HH AF VANBERKUM, P BEYENE, D VERA, FT KEYSER, HH TI VARIABILITY AMONG RHIZOBIUM STRAINS ORIGINATING FROM NODULES OF VICIA-FABA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGUMINOSARUM BIOVAR PHASEOLI; HOST PLANT; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; MELILOTI; REGION AB Rhizobium strains from nodules of Vicia faba were diverse in plasmid content and serology. Results of multilocus gel electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism indicated several deep chromosomal lineages among the strains. Linkage disequilibrium among the chromosomal types was defected and may have reflected variation of Rhizobium strains in the different geographical locations from which the strains originated. An investigation of pea strains with antibodies prepared against fava bean strains and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses, targeting DNA regions coding for rRNA and nodulation, indicated that Rhizobium strains from V. faba nodules were distinguishable from those from Pisum sativum, V. villosa, and Trifolium spp. C1 HOLETTA AGR RES CTR,INST AGR RES,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. ESTAC EXPTL LA RINCONADA,JUNTA ANDALUCIA,DGIEA,SERV INVEST AGR,SEVILLE,SPAIN. UNIV HAWAII,NIFTAL PROJECT,PAIA,HI 96779. RP VANBERKUM, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,HH-19,BLDG 011,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2649 EP 2653 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RG334 UT WOS:A1995RG33400033 PM 16535075 ER PT J AU DIEZGONZALEZ, F RUSSELL, JB HUNTER, JB AF DIEZGONZALEZ, F RUSSELL, JB HUNTER, JB TI THE ROLE OF AN NAD-INDEPENDENT LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE AND ACETATE IN THE UTILIZATION OF LACTATE BY CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM STRAIN P262 SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLOSTRIDIUM ACETOBUTYLICUM; LACTATE UTILIZATION; ACETATE UTILIZATION; ACETONE-BUTANOL FERMENTATION; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ID PURIFICATION; ACETONE; BUTANOL; FERMENTATION; BUTYRATE; GRADIENT; ETHANOL AB Clostridium acetobutylicum strain P262 utilized lactate at a rapid rate [600nmol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1)], but lactate could not serve as the sole energy source. When acetate was provided as a co-substrate, the growth rate was 0.05 h(-1). Butyrate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen were the end products of lactate and acetate utilization, and the stoichiometry was 1 lactate + 0.4 acetate --> 0.7 butyrate + 0.6 H-2 + 1 CO2. Lactate-grown cells had twofold lower hydrogenase than glucose-grown cells, and the lactate-grown cells used acetate as an alternative electron acceptor. The cells had a poor affinity for lactate (K-s = 1.1 mM), and there was no evidence for active transport. Lactate utilization was catabolyzed by an inducible NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase (iLDH) that had a pH optimum of 7.5. The iLDH was fivefold more active with D-lactate than L-lactate, and the K-m for D-lactate was 3.2 mM. Lactate-grown cells had little butyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and this defect did not allow the conversion of lactate to butanol. C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 164 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RL319 UT WOS:A1995RL31900006 ER PT J AU BOSTOM, A BROSNAN, JT HALL, B NADEAU, MR SELHUB, J AF BOSTOM, A BROSNAN, JT HALL, B NADEAU, MR SELHUB, J TI NET UPTAKE OF PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE BY THE RAT-KIDNEY IN-VIVO SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE RENAL METABOLISM; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA ID SERUM; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Hyperhomocysteinemia is a common finding in dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, but its etiology and refractoriness to standard homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin therapy are poorly understood. In the absence of actual in vivo data, it has been hypothesized that loss of normal renal parenchymal uptake and metabolism of homocysteine is an important determinant of hyperhomocysteinemia in ESRD, given that urinary homocysteine excretion by healthy kidneys is trivial. We assessed net renal uptake and metabolism of homocysteine using an established rat model for measuring arteriovenous amino acid differences across the rat kidney, along with simultaneous determination of renal plasma flow, urine flow, and urinary homocysteine concentration. Substantial homocysteine uptake and metabolism by normal rat kidneys was demonstrated, and we also confirmed that urinary homocysteine excretion is minimal. These data suggest that loss of the sizable homocysteine metabolizing capacity of the intact kidneys may be an important determinant of the refractory, potentially atherothrombotic hyperhomocysteinemia frequently observed in ESRD. C1 MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,DEPT BIOCHEM,ST JOHNS,NF,CANADA. TUFTS NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA. RP BOSTOM, A (reprint author), FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,5 THURBER ST,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701, USA. NR 18 TC 195 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 1995 VL 116 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05522-X PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RE063 UT WOS:A1995RE06300005 PM 7488333 ER PT J AU BOSTOM, AG JACQUES, PF NADEAU, MR WILLIAMS, RR ELLISON, RC SELHUB, J AF BOSTOM, AG JACQUES, PF NADEAU, MR WILLIAMS, RR ELLISON, RC SELHUB, J TI POST-METHIONINE LOAD HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA IN PERSONS WITH NORMAL FASTING TOTAL PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE - INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE NHLBI FAMILY HEART-STUDY SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Note DE METHIONINE LOADING; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; POPULATION-BASED STUDY ID DISEASE AB Hyperhomocysteinemia, either fasting or after oral methionine loading, appears to be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). It remains unclear whether fasting total homocysteine determination alone adequately detects the full spectrum of hyperhomocysteinemic individuals. We measured fasting and 4-h post methionine loading (0.1 g L-methionine/kg body weight) total plasma homocysteine in 274 participants in The NHLBI Family Heart Study, a population-based investigation of genetic and non-genetic determinants of CHD. Of the total number (n = 47) of hyperhomocysteinemic persons, 43% (20/47) were identified only by methionine loading, while 32% (15/47) of the total number, and 75% of those with post-methionine loading hyperhomocysteinemia only (15/20), had fasting total homocysteine concentrations below the 75th percentile (10.7 mu mol/l). We conclude that fasting total plasma homocysteine determination alone fails to identify a sizable percentage (> 40%) of persons who may have clinically relevant hyperhomocysteinemia post methionine loading. C1 TUFTS NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA. UNIV UTAH,CARDIOVASC GENET RES CLIN,NHLBI,FAMILY HEART STUDY,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. RP BOSTOM, AG (reprint author), NHLBI,FAMILY HEART STUDY,5 THURBER ST,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HC-25106] NR 13 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 1995 VL 116 IS 1 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05529-6 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RE063 UT WOS:A1995RE06300013 PM 7488329 ER PT J AU NAZERIAN, K YANAGIDA, N AF NAZERIAN, K YANAGIDA, N TI A RECOMBINANT FOWLPOX VIRUS EXPRESSING THE ENVELOPE ANTIGEN OF SUBGROUP-A AVIAN-LEUKOSIS SARCOMA-VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHICKENS; GENE; GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTION; VECTORS; TUMORS AB A recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) was constructed by inserting cloned sequences from Schmidt-Ruppin subgroup A avian sarcoma virus coding for the viral envelope (env) antigen into a nonessential region of FPV DNA downstream from a synthetic promoter. Sera from chickens hyperimmunized with the recombinant FPV neutralized the infectivity of the homologous subgroup A virus (RCASBP/AP) but only weakly neutralized the infectivity of Rous sarcoma virus, another subgroup A avian leukosis virus. Similarly, vaccination of 1-day-old chicks with this recombinant FPV protected against infection with RCASBP/AP virus but not against infection with another subgroup A Rous-associated virus (RAV-1). These results show that such a recombinant FPV can be used to protect chickens against avian leukosis virus and confirm previous observations that a type-specific antigenic variability existed within the subgroup A avian leukosis/sarcoma virus group. RP NAZERIAN, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.2307/1591803 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TA437 UT WOS:A1995TA43700009 PM 8561735 ER PT J AU MARTIN, A AWADALLA, S LILLEHOJ, HS AF MARTIN, A AWADALLA, S LILLEHOJ, HS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSES TO EIMERIA-ACERVULINA ANTIGENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COCCIDIAL INFECTIONS; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; INTERFERON; CHICKENS; TENELLA; IDENTIFICATION; MEROZOITES; SPOROZOITE; INHIBITION AB In order to identify antigens from Eimeria acervulina eliciting cell-mediated as well as humoral immune responses, merozoite and sporozoite fractions were separated by electrophoresis and injected into chickens. Coccidia-specific antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation, and interferon production were measured to determine whether the inoculations sensitized the chickens to merozoites and sporozoites. Several fractions from merozoites and sporozoites induced humoral or cell-mediated responses. Merozoite fraction 4 (molecular weight [MW] 12,700-18,400) had the most consistent high interferon production; it also had good antibody production after challenge but not before challenge. Merozoite fraction 3 (MW 18,400-29,000) elicited high antibody titers and modest proliferation. Merozoite fraction 2 (MW 29,000-43,000) elicited consistently high proliferation; however, antibody responses were normal and interferon production was lower than that in the control. Merozoite fraction 5 (MW 6000-12,700) results were modest for all three parameters. Sporozoite fractions 5 and 6 (MW 12,700-29,000) elicited good antibody titers after challenge. The only sporozoite fraction that showed any interferon induction, fraction 2 (MW 69,000-200,000), also elicited good proliferation, although it did not stimulate antibody production. Sporozoite fraction 1 (>200,000 MW) had very high proliferation potential. These findings support the hypothesis that different antigens preferentially elicited different T-cell responses. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PARASITE IMMUNOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 538 EP 547 DI 10.2307/1591807 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TA437 UT WOS:A1995TA43700013 PM 8561739 ER PT J AU GAST, RK BENSON, ST AF GAST, RK BENSON, ST TI THE COMPARATIVE VIRULENCE FOR CHICKS OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-4 ISOLATES AND ISOLATES OF PHAGE TYPES COMMONLY FOUND IN POULTRY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; CHICKENS; PHAGE TYPE 4; VIRULENCE ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; LAYING HENS; BROILER-CHICKENS; EGG TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAKS; STRAINS; PT4 AB Phage type 4 Salmonella enteritidis has been associated with morbidity and mortality in broiler chickens in the United Kingdom. The recent isolation of this phage type from poultry in the United States has raised concerns about whether the current regulatory approach to S. enteritidis should be modified to consider phage type 4 differently from other phage types. The present study assessed and compared the virulence of phage type 4 S. enteritidis isolates, S. enteritidis isolates of other phage types, and an S. pullorum isolate in both single-comb white leghorn and white Plymouth Rock chicks. The mean incidence of severe illness or death following oral inoculation with phage type 4 S. enteritidis was significantly lower than the incidence associated with S. pullorum inoculation in both lines of chicks. Nevertheless, some individual phage type 4 S. enteritidis isolates caused severe effects at a frequency similar to that of: S. pullorum in single-comb white leghorn chicks. In general, severe morbidity or mortality following infection with S. enteritidis isolates of all phage types tested occurred more often in single-comb white leghorn chicks than in white Plymouth Rock chicks. The mean frequency at which chicks were severely affected following inoculation with phage type 4 isolates was significantly higher than the mean for isolates of other phage types. However, in both lines of chicks, some significant differences in virulence were apparent within the set of phage type 4 strains tested. The observed virulence for chicks of recent U.S. poultry isolates of phage type 4 S. enteritidis was similar to that of earlier isolates from various sources, including poultry isolates from the United Kingdom. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 37 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.2307/1591810 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TA437 UT WOS:A1995TA43700016 PM 8561742 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, DJ HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE VIDAL, L DELOACH, JR AF CALDWELL, DJ HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE VIDAL, L DELOACH, JR TI EVALUATION OF PERSISTENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SALMONELLA SEROTYPE ISOLATION FROM POULTRY FARMS USING DRAG SWAB SAMPLING SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note DE SALMONELLA; SEROTYPE ISOLATION; CHICKENS; POULTRY FARMS; ENVIRONMENT ID BROILER FLOCKS; CONTAMINATION AB The consistency and persistence of isolation of specific serotypes of Salmonella were evaluated on a 31-farm broiler complex following four complete sampling periods. A total of 25 different serotypes were isolated, with multiple serotypes and were frequently isolated simultaneously from individual farms. When the serotypes recovered from individual farms were further examined, common serotypes were isolated from individual farms on only seven occasions. Furthermore, on only five occasions were multiple serotypes recovered from individual farms on consecutive samplings. A casual association of common serotype isolations among farms with similar flock placement dates was observed in one sampling period. These results indicate little predictability or consistency of Salmonella serotype isolation on individual farms over time. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP CALDWELL, DJ (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.2307/1591816 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TA437 UT WOS:A1995TA43700022 PM 8561748 ER PT J AU BRANTON, SL LOTT, BD MASLIN, WR DAY, EJ AF BRANTON, SL LOTT, BD MASLIN, WR DAY, EJ TI FATTY LIVER-HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME OBSERVED IN COMMERCIAL LAYERS FED DIETS CONTAINING CHELATED MINERALS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note DE POULTRY; CHICKENS; DISEASE; BLOOD; FATTY LIVER; CHELATED MINERALS AB This study was originally conducted to determine the effect of various chloride levels and consumption of chelated versus non-chelated minerals on egg production and eggshell breaking strength. However, the focus of this report changed after fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was observed in hens that consumed diets containing chelated minerals. No FLHS was observed in hens that consumed a diet that contained non-chelated minerals. Four hundred thirty-two 35-week-old commercial laying hens were housed in individual cages in groups of nine hens each. The treatments were factorially arranged (3 x 2) such that six experimental. diets differing in chloride levels and in source of minerals were fed for six 28-day laying periods. A significantly higher mortality attributed to FLHS was observed in hens that consumed the diets having chelated minerals as compared with hens that consumed the diets with non-chelated minerals. No difference in mortality was observed among the hens fed the various chloride diets. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP BRANTON, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 631 EP 635 DI 10.2307/1591819 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TA437 UT WOS:A1995TA43700025 PM 8561751 ER PT J AU SCHULZSCHAEFFER, J STALLKNECHT, GF WESENBERG, DM GILBERTSON, KM AF SCHULZSCHAEFFER, J STALLKNECHT, GF WESENBERG, DM GILBERTSON, KM TI KARYOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HIGH-YIELDING EMMER WHEAT (TRITICUM-DICOCCUM L) LINE WITH 2 RECIPROCAL HOMOZYGOUS T4BS-CENTER-DOT-SAL AND T5AS-CENTER-DOT-4BL TRANSLOCATION CHROMOSOME PAIRS SO BIOLOGISCHES ZENTRALBLATT LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM; C-BANDING; YIELD POTENTIAL ID AESTIVUM AB A Leishman-C-banded karyotype of PI 254148 emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum L.) was analyzed. PI 254148 is a high yielding line. It was compared with 'Lewis' barley, 'Otana' oats, and 9 other emmer wheat lines in a 5-year yield trial. It ranked second after Lewis barley, yielding 2.46 MT/ha outyielding other emmer lines in this trial. It outyielded the standard variety North Dakota emmer by 102% in 1989. The PI 254148 C-banding karyotype shows a reciprocal homozygous translocation (T4BS . 5AL/T5AS . 4BL). The banding patterns show that the translocation breakpoints are located within the centromere regions of the chromosomes involved. As to our knowledge, this is the first report of a 5A/4B chromosome translocation in wheat. The authors believe it is possible that the constant high yield of PI 254148 is facilitated by the chromosome translocation which may have caused a position effect. C1 SO AGR RES CTR,HUNTLEY,MT 59037. USDA ARS,NATL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP SCHULZSCHAEFFER, J (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,LEON JOHNSON HALL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG JENA PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0006-3304 J9 BIOL ZBL JI Biol. Zentr.bl. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 114 IS 3 BP 266 EP 272 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TA962 UT WOS:A1995TA96200005 ER PT J AU SCHWEDER, ME SHATTERS, RG WEST, SH SMITH, RL AF SCHWEDER, ME SHATTERS, RG WEST, SH SMITH, RL TI EFFECT OF TRANSITION INTERVAL BETWEEN MELTING AND ANNEALING TEMPERATURES ON RAPD ANALYSES SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID POLYMORPHIC DNA RAPD; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; PCR; MARKERS; AMPLIFICATION C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL. RP SCHWEDER, ME (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,PLANT SCI LAB,BLDG 935,BOX 110760,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RG362 UT WOS:A1995RG36200007 PM 7669294 ER PT J AU Tully, R AF Tully, R TI Primer Designer 2.0 for Windows SO BIOTECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE JOURNAL LA English DT Software Review C1 USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1077-4890 J9 BIOTECHNOL SOFTW J JI Biotechnol. Softw. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TQ964 UT WOS:A1995TQ96400001 ER PT J AU SMITH, S WILLIS, GH COOPER, CM AF SMITH, S WILLIS, GH COOPER, CM TI CYFLUTHRIN PERSISTENCE IN SOIL AS AFFECTED BY MOISTURE, ORGANIC-MATTER, AND REDOX POTENTIAL SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; CYPERMETHRIN; PYRETHROIDS C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894. RP SMITH, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,WATER QUAL & ECOL PROC RES UNIT,POB 1157,AIRPORT RD,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 55 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QY382 UT WOS:A1995QY38200021 PM 7663084 ER PT J AU GRONINGER, JW SEILER, JR ZEDAKER, SM BERRANG, PC AF GRONINGER, JW SEILER, JR ZEDAKER, SM BERRANG, PC TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2, WATER-STRESS, AND NITROGEN LEVEL ON COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS OF SIMULATED LOBLOLLY-PINE AND SWEETGUM STANDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; TAEDA SEEDLINGS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; INTERFERENCE; RESPONSES; PLANTS; FIELD AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) were grown in mixed stands and in monocultures at 2.54 X 2.54 cm spacing in controlled-environment chambers. Treatments consisted of present (ambient) and projected future (ambient + 400 ppm) carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, drought-stressed, and well-watered conditions, and low (20 kg N/ha) and high (474 kg N/ha) nitrogen application rates. After two accelerated growing cycles, total biomass of both species was significantly greater under elevated CO2. No significant interactions between CO2 concentration and water availability, nitrogen availability, or stand type were observed. Competitive interactions between loblolly pine and sweetgum were strongly influenced by water availability, but not CO2 concentration. Assessment of species response to CO2 was dependent upon growth in monoculture or mixture. Under low water availability, data from monocultures suggested that sweetgum had a stronger growth response to elevated CO2 concentrations than loblolly pine. In contrast, results from mixed-species stands showed that the competitive status of loblolly pine and sweetgum did not change under the high CO2 concentration. These results underscore the value of growing co-occurring species in mixed stands under varying levels of multiple resources for the determination of relative performance under future environments. C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST ENVIRONM STUDIES,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020. RP GRONINGER, JW (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. RI Groninger, John/A-2566-2008 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1077 EP 1083 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RT505 UT WOS:A1995RT50500005 ER PT J AU STRONG, TF ERDMANN, GG NIESE, JN AF STRONG, TF ERDMANN, GG NIESE, JN TI 40 YEARS OF ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES IN 2ND-GROWTH, POLE-SIZE NORTHERN HARDWOODS .1. TREE QUALITY DEVELOPMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB The effects of six cutting methods on tree quality were observed for 20 years in a northern hardwood stand in Wisconsin. Cutting treatments included an uncut control, three levels of individual tree selection (heavy, medium, and light), crop tree release, and diameter limit. Average annual diameter growth was least in the control treatment (0.13 in./year, 0.33 cm/year) and greatest in the heavy individual tree selection and diameter-limit cuts (0.18 in./year, 0.46 cm/year). Cull in trees in 1992 was significantly higher in the control and diameter-limit treatments. Changes in merchantable height (number of 16-ft (4.9-m) logs) over the period were not significantly different among treatments, but average merchantable heights were significantly greater in the individual tree selection treatments in 1992. Average tree grade increases were significantly better in the medium selection plots than in all other treatments except the crop tree release. Nearly a third of the sawlog-size trees in both the control and diameter-limit treatments were below sawlog grade, significantly more than in the other treatments. Only 2% of the trees in the heavy selection plots were below grade. Tree quality improved the most overall in the medium selection plots. Stand structure in this treatment also most closely matched that recommended by guides developed to sustain yield over long periods of cutting under uneven-aged management. C1 US FOREST SERV,MARQUETTE,MI 49855. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP STRONG, TF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,5985 HIGHWAY K,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1173 EP 1179 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RT505 UT WOS:A1995RT50500015 ER PT J AU NIESE, JN STRONG, TF ERDMANN, GG AF NIESE, JN STRONG, TF ERDMANN, GG TI 40 YEARS OF ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES IN 2ND-GROWTH, POLE-SIZE NORTHERN HARDWOODS .2. ECONOMIC-EVALUATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST AB Potential economic returns to tree quality were analyzed for four uneven-aged cutting treatments and a control in a Wisconsin northern hardwood stand. The economics of tree quality changes were analyzed over a 20-year period (1971-1992), using a marginal analysis that included tree grade, lumber volume yields, reported lumber values, and hardwood management costs. Net present values were highest for the heavy individual tree selection (60 ft(2)/acre, 13.8 m(2)/ha) treatment, and residual tree quality improved significantly. The medium selection (75 ft(2)/acre, 17.3 m(2)/ha) treatment had the greatest improvement in tree quality as well as high economic returns. The light selection (90 ft(2)/acre, 20.7 m(2)/ha) treatment had the highest residual stand value, but low harvest revenues. An 8-in. (20.3-cm) diameter-limit treatment had the lowest economic returns and the poorest tree quality. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,MARQUETTE,MI 49855. RP NIESE, JN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1180 EP 1188 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RT505 UT WOS:A1995RT50500016 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MS AF WILLIAMS, MS TI IMPROVED ESTIMATION OF DOMAIN TOTALS IN FOREST SURVEYS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note AB The literature on estimating population totals in forest surveys is well developed. However in most practical applications, estimation of subpopulation totals (historically referred to as domains of study) is of equal or greater importance but receives much less attention. In this paper, techniques for estimating totals and variances for domains of study are reviewed and an adjusted estimator, with improved efficiency, is derived for estimating such totals. The properties of the adjusted and traditional estimator were studied using two populations, where each population contained three domains of study. In a simulation study based on probability proportional to size sampling, the adjusted estimator produced standard errors that ranged between 23 and 64% of chose of the traditional estimator. No detectable bias of the new estimator was found when estimating the most common domains of study. Some bias was evident for estimates of rare domains of study. A bootstrap variance estimator for both the adjusted and unadjusted estimator produced somewhat biased estimates of the variance for the rare domains of study, with biases ranging between-18.2 and 30.8%. RP WILLIAMS, MS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,MULTIRESOURCE INVENTORY TECH,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1203 EP 1207 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RT505 UT WOS:A1995RT50500019 ER PT J AU KINIRY, JR MAJOR, DJ IZAURRALDE, RC WILLIAMS, JR GASSMAN, PW MORRISON, M BERGENTINE, R ZENTNER, RP AF KINIRY, JR MAJOR, DJ IZAURRALDE, RC WILLIAMS, JR GASSMAN, PW MORRISON, M BERGENTINE, R ZENTNER, RP TI EPIC MODEL PARAMETERS FOR CEREAL, OILSEED, AND FORAGE CROPS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS REGION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SIMULATION MODELING; CANOLA; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT ID RAPE BRASSICA-NAPUS; SPRING WHEAT; DRY-MATTER; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; USE EFFICIENCY; HARVEST INDEX; WINTER-WHEAT; P-FERTILIZER AB The EPIC computer simulation model has potential for assessing agricultural management scenarios in the northern Great Plains region of the United States and western Canada. The objectives of this study were to develop parameters for economically important crop and forage species grown in these regions and to determine whether EPIC could use these parameters to reasonably simulate yields. Parameters for leaf-area development, temperature responses, biomass growth and partitioning, and nutrient concentrations were derived from data in the literature for spring canola, wheat, barley, maize and six forage species. Because of the growing importance of canola in Canada and the United States, much emphasis was placed on deriving its parameters. With these inputs, EPIC reasonably simulated forage and crop yields in six locations and canola yields in four locations. The model should provide reasonable simulations for a wide range of applications throughout these regions. C1 AGR & AGRIFOOD CANADA,RES STN,LETHBRIDGE,AB T1J 4B1,CANADA. UNIV EDMONTON,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2E3,CANADA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. AGR & AGRIFOOD CANADA,RES STN,CENT EXPTL FARM,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0C6,CANADA. USDA,NATL RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,BILLINGS,MT 59715. AGR & AGRIFOOD CANADA,RES STN,SWIFT CURRENT,SK S9H 3X2,CANADA. RP KINIRY, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76503, USA. RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012 NR 58 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 23 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 75 IS 3 BP 679 EP 688 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RU933 UT WOS:A1995RU93300020 ER PT J AU LAGER, KM MENGELING, WL AF LAGER, KM MENGELING, WL TI PATHOGENESIS OF IN-UTERO INFECTION IN PORCINE FETUSES WITH PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC ABORTION; SWINE INFERTILITY; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SOWS AB Porcine fetuses were exposed in utero to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at stages of gestation ranging from 34 to 85 days and examined 17 to 31 days later to determine the effect of gestational age on fetal susceptibility, For each of the 8 litters tested during the study, ail of the fetuses of 1 horn of the uterus were exposed to virus by intraamniotic injection; those of the other horn were exposed similarly to a sham inoculum that consisted of sterile cell culture medium. Viral infectivity titers associated with fetal tissues collected at necropsy indicated that, regardless of gestational age, the virus had replicated in fetuses exposed intraamniotically, In addition, virus had also spread and replicated in sham-inoculated littermates in 3 litters, On the basis of these findings it appears that there may be little or no temporal difference in fetal susceptibility to infection with PRRSV, If so, the lack of early fetal death as a commonly recognized feature of naturally occurring cases of PRRS may be due to a greater resistance of early gestational fetuses to the lethal effects of PRRSV, as suggested by this study, and/or a greater likelihood of transplacental infection during late gestation. RP LAGER, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSN PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERELY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RJ318 UT WOS:A1995RJ31800006 PM 8521351 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, FR NELSEN, TC BIETZ, JA AF HUEBNER, FR NELSEN, TC BIETZ, JA TI DIFFERENCES AMONG GLIADINS FROM SPRING AND WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POTENTIAL BREADMAKING QUALITY; VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB Accurate and reliable classification of U.S. hard red spring (HRS) and hard red winter (HRW) wheats is necessary in marketing. Such classification is difficult because kernels from many of the cultivars that are grown, even of different classes, may have similar phenotypes. Some studies suggest that HRS wheats contain more of the most hydrophobic gliadins than do HRW wheats. We used reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to quantitatively analyze gliadins from HRS and HRW wheats. Diversity among cultivars was large, but statistical analyses revealed significant differences for certain gliadins. Unlike previous reports, however, we observed no difference in amount of the latest eluting gliadins between HRS and HRW wheats. When HRS wheats were grown in California and Arizona as winter wheats, the total protein content was lower, and their gliadin compositions resembled those of the HRW wheats grown in normal HRW environments. These results suggest that quantitative differences in protein compositions of HRS and HRW wheats are primarily due to genetic and environmental, rather than to true class-related differences. C1 USDA ARS,MWA,PEORIA,IL. RP HUEBNER, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 72 IS 4 BP 341 EP 343 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RL184 UT WOS:A1995RL18400002 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, MR WHITE, PJ POLLAK, LM AF CAMPBELL, MR WHITE, PJ POLLAK, LM TI PROPERTIES OF SUGARY-2 MAIZE STARCH - INFLUENCE OF EXOTIC BACKGROUND SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DSC CHARACTERISTICS; NORMAL COUNTERPART; SINGLE-MUTANTS; TRIPLE-MUTANTS; GELATINIZATION AB Genetic modifiers of maize (Zea mays L.) starch thermal properties were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Sugary-2 (su(2)) kernels from segregating ears were identified based on textural appearance of starches following crosses between an exotic maize accession with the inbred OH43 homozygous for the su(2) allele (OH43su(2)). Two exotic maize accessions, PI2I3768 and PI451692, were used. Germs retained from su(2) kernels were used to produce an F2 population of su(2) plants containing 50% exotic germ plasm. With few exceptions, F2 ears from the populations were homozygous for the su(2) allele. Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences were seen between the exotic populations and OH43su(2) for gelatinization onset temperature (T-o), range (RN), enthalpy (Delta H), and retrogradation (%R). The number of DSC values with significant within-population variations was greater among F2 ears within the exotic populations than among ears within the inbred line OH43su(2). Standard deviations for DSC values were consistently greater for exotic su(2) populations than for those of OH43su(2). Also, the population PI213768su(2) differed greatly from OH43su(2) for mean values of T-o, RN, Delta H, and %R (52.8 degrees C, 13.4 degrees C, 1.5 cal/g, and 34.5%, respectively) when compared to those of OH43su(2) (54.6 degrees C, 10.6 degrees C, 1.3 cal/g, and 29%, respectively). Results from this study indicate that examining the texture of starches from single kernels could be used to identify and develop populations homozygous for the su(2) allele. In addition, the increased variability for DSC values within populations containing 50% exotic germ plasm suggest that genetic modifiers might be used to alter thermal properties and, possibly, functional properties of su(2) starch. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 72 IS 4 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RL184 UT WOS:A1995RL18400013 ER PT J AU KRONICK, PL AF KRONICK, PL TI WHATS NEW ABOUT LEATHER SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article RP KRONICK, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,HIDES LIPIDS & WOOL RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD JUL PY 1995 VL 25 IS 7 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA RL577 UT WOS:A1995RL57700013 ER PT J AU MIYAZAKI, M MATSUMURA, F BEEMAN, RW AF MIYAZAKI, M MATSUMURA, F BEEMAN, RW TI DNA-SEQUENCE AND SITE OF MUTATION OF THE GABA RECEPTOR OF CYCLODIENE-RESISTANT RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA SEQUENCE; MUTATION SITE; GABA RECEPTOR; TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; SUBUNIT; DROSOPHILA; CLONING; GENE; PICROTOXININ; CDNA AB Using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) on cDNA, the DNA sequence of a membrane spanning region of a GABA receptor of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum was identified. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that its basic structure is similar to the GABA receptor of Rdl type subunits of Drosophila melanogaster and of Blattella germanica. Particularly conserved are M(1), M(2) and M(3) segments. Within this 146 amino acid stretch, the GABA receptor from the red flour beetle differed from corresponding ones from Drosophila and Rdl subunit of B. germanica by 12 and eight amino acids, respectively. By using an identical approach, the corresponding DNA region was sequenced from the cDNA of a cyclodiene-resistant strain of T. castaneum. While two points of mutation were found only one mutation in DNA was found to result in an amino acid shift. The site of mutation was at the 5th amino acid of the M(2) cylinder where G to T conversion of the GCT codon resulted in a conversion of alanine to serine, This is qualitatively the same mutational switch of alanine to serine in resistant strains previously reported to have occurred in cyclodiene-resistant Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti and Blattella germanica, indicating that this amino acid change is the likely cause for evolution of the nerve insensitive type of resistance to cyclodiene insecticides. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66602. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66602. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES01963, ES05707] NR 30 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol B-Biochem. Molec. Biol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 111 IS 3 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(95)00007-U PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA RF812 UT WOS:A1995RF81200008 PM 7613764 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA CALLAHAN, FE DOLLAR, DA CREECH, RG AF HEDIN, PA CALLAHAN, FE DOLLAR, DA CREECH, RG TI TOTAL STEROLS IN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA INFECTED COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM (L) PLANT-ROOTS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COTTON; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA (KOFOID AND WHITE) CHITWOOD; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; STEROLS ID METABOLISM AB Two near-isogenic breeding lines of Gossypium hirsutum (L,) (upland cotton) were inoculated with eggs of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood (RKN) in greenhouse pots. One line was susceptible (ST-213) and the other was resistant (81-249) to RKN, Eight days after inoculation, roots of plants and their controls were analyzed for total sterols by GLC and GLC-MS, The total content in roots of uninoculated roots of susceptible plants was slightly higher than in the roots of uninoculated. resistant plants, but significantly lower after inoculation, By comparison, the sterols in roots of the resistant line were significantly higher at 8 days after inoculation, The major sterols in both susceptible and resistant lines were stigmasterol, sitosterol and campesterol, with a lesser amount of cholesterol and a trace of stigmastanol, Because the amounts and distribution of the sterols were similar in susceptible and resistant lines, they do not appear to be a factor associated with RKN growth and development, Sitosterol was the most abundant sterol in RKN eggs which also contained lesser amounts of cholesterol and stigmasterol, However, no stanols were found in RKN eggs. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol B-Biochem. Molec. Biol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 111 IS 3 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(95)00015-Z PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA RF812 UT WOS:A1995RF81200014 ER PT J AU CHILCOTT, TC SHARTZER, SF IVERSON, MW GARVIN, DF KOCHIAN, LV LUCAS, WJ AF CHILCOTT, TC SHARTZER, SF IVERSON, MW GARVIN, DF KOCHIAN, LV LUCAS, WJ TI POTASSIUM-TRANSPORT KINETICS OF KAT1 EXPRESSED IN XENOPUS OOCYTES - A PROPOSED MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE AND FIELD-EFFECT MECHANISM FOR MEMBRANE-TRANSPORT SO COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE III-SCIENCES DE LA VIE-LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ARABIDOPSIS; COMPLEX K+ KINETICS; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; XENOPUS OOCYTES; FIELD EFFECT TRANSPORT MODEL ID NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS; ION PERMEATION; K+ CHANNELS; ROOTS; CLONING; PORES; FLOW AB A detailed characterization of the K+ transport properties associated with the Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA, KAT1, expressed in Xenopus oocytes is presented. Kinetic analysis of KAT1-induced current established that KAT1 displayed complex K+ transport kinetics that could be resolved into a saturable and a first-order kinetic component. The magnitude of the kinetic constants (K-m, V-max and k) increased exponentially for hyperpolarizing membrane potentials more negative than - 50 +/- 10 mV. These results indicate that the KAT1 transporter protein can function as a molecular mechanism for variable-affinity, saturable K+ uptake (K-m varied from 25 mM at - 160 mV to 1 mM at - 60 mV) as well as for nonsaturable first-order kinetic transport. A molecular model for KAT1 is advanced which, in conjunction with electro-diffusion and field effect theories, provides a framework for the analysis of K+ transport. We propose that the membrane potential regulates local electric fields within the transport protein to effect voltage-gating, current-rectification and complex kinetics, and that such a mechanism can explain the characteristics of KAT1 as well as other structurally related transport proteins. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV BIOL SCI,PLANT BIOL SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV NEW S WALES,UNESCO,CTR MEMBRANE SCI,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA. UNIV NEW S WALES,SCH PHYS,DEPT BIOPHYS,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 0764-4469 J9 CR ACAD SCI III-VIE JI Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Ser. III-Sci. Vie-Life Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 318 IS 7 BP 761 EP 771 PG 11 WC Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RM063 UT WOS:A1995RM06300006 ER PT J AU SCHULER, SF BACON, RK FINNEY, PL GBUR, EE AF SCHULER, SF BACON, RK FINNEY, PL GBUR, EE TI RELATIONSHIP OF TEST WEIGHT AND KERNEL PROPERTIES TO MILLING AND BAKING QUALITY IN SOFT RED WINTER-WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HARDNESS AB Although test weight is used as a grading criterion and an indication of quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Its relationship to specific quality parameters in soft wheat is not well documented. Seed characteristics, flour yield, and baking quality were studied in 24 soft red winter wheat (SRWW) genotypes grown In six environments to determine their relationship to test weight. Flour yield, hour protein, alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC), and softness equivalent (SEQ) were evaluated by the micro-procedures of the USDA-ARS soft wheat early-generation milling and baking quality evaluation program. Despite removal of shriveled kernels prior to evaluation, environmental effects had a significant impact on quality parameters, ranging from 68% of total variability (SEQ) to 5% (AWRC). Test weight was not correlated with flour yield, but was significantly correlated with flour protein content (r = 0.54, P < 0.05) as was kernel density (r = 0.49). Thousand-kernel weight, diversity of seed size, proportion of large seed, and average kernel length and width were not correlated with flour yield or other quality parameters. Test weight did not predict flour yield in SRWW when shriveling was absent, but it was related to flour protein content, which is associated with baking quality. Kernel size or size distribution did not affect end-use quality. The best predictive model based on the characters above explained Little of the total variation in flour yield (R(2) = 0.22). C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV ARKANSAS,AGR STAT LAB,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 949 EP 953 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100001 ER PT J AU JONES, TA WANG, RRC LI, LH AF JONES, TA WANG, RRC LI, LH TI MEIOTIC STABILITY OF INTERSUBSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF SNAKE RIVER X THICKSPIKE WHEATGRASSES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Based on genomic makeup and partial hybrid fertility, Snake River wheatgrass (proposed name Elymus lanceolatus ssp. wawawaiensis) has been recognized since 1986 as a subspecies of E. lanceolatus (Scribn. and J.G. Smith) Gould. Thus it is conspecific with thickspike wheatgrass [E. lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus (Scribn. and J.G. Smith) Gould]. However, these two wheatgrasses display distinct morphological features, physiological traits, geographical distributions, and habitat preferences. Hybridization of the two subspecies generates valuable germplasm with considerable heterosis, but the hybrids are partially male sterile. Our objective was to determine the degree and nature of hybrid male sterility. Mean chromosome pairing (and pollen stainability) was 0.11 I + 13.90 II + 0.02 IV (84%) for 'Secar' Snake River wheatgrass and 0.10 I + 13.83 II + 0.01 III + 0.05 IV (78%) for 'Bannock' thickspike wheatgrass, the parents in the original cross, 0.60 I + 13.61 II + 0.01 III + 0.04 IV (55%) for three F-1 hybrid populations, and 0.09 I + 13.92 II + 0.01 III + 0.03 IV (80%) and 0.44 I + 13.66 II + 0.01 III + 0.05 IV (64%) for backcross populations to Bannock thickspike wheatgrass and BBR-syn Snake River wheatgrass, respectively. The low frequency of multivalents in the hybrids indicated that male sterility resulted from some degree of genetic incompatibility rather than a major chromosomal rearrangement. Because hybrid and backcross populations possessed reasonable levels of pollen stainability and chromosome abnormalities were absent, they should respond readily to selection for high pollen stainability. C1 CHINESE ACAD AGR SCI,INST CROP GERMPLASM RESOURCES,BEIJING 100081,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP JONES, TA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 962 EP 964 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100004 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DM WESENBERG, DM BURRUP, DE AF PETERSON, DM WESENBERG, DM BURRUP, DE TI BETA-GLUCAN CONTENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS IN ELITE OAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPES; CULTIVARS; LINES; RATS; GUM AB Oat (Avena saliva L.) cultivars with high beta-glucan concentration may be useful as a specialty crop for human food. The objective of this study was to evaluate elite oat germplasm, as represented by the 1988-1991 Uniform Midseason Oat Nursery (UMON) and Uniform Early Oat Nursery (UEON) grown, at Aberdeen, ID, and the Uniform Northwestern States Oat Nursery (UNSON) grown at Aberdeen and Tetonia, ID, for beta-glucan concentration. Relationships between beta-glucan concentration and other agronomic traits were examined. The stability of beta-glucan concentration among environments was determined. The beta-glucan concentrations of entries in the three nurseries ranged between a low of 30 to 47 g kg(-1) and a high of 61 to 70 g kg(-1) depending on the year and were different among genotypes. Thirty-three genotypes were common to all nine environments of the UNSON. The majority of correlations between environments on a pair-wise basis were low, but significant, and stability parameters varied among genotypes. Correlations between beta-glucan concentration and agronomic traits were generally nonexistent or inconsistent across years or nurseries for the UMON and the UEON. For the UNSON, there were consistent significant positive correlations between beta-glucan concentration and test weight, protein percentage, and great percentage and negative correlations with heading date. We concluded that genotypic variation for beta-glucan concentration is sufficient to enable breeding progress. Because beta-glucan concentration was not consistently correlated with other traits, concurrent undesirable shifts in other traits should not hinder breeding progress. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI. USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP PETERSON, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,501 N WALNUT ST,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 965 EP 970 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100005 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR KANG, MS AF HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR KANG, MS TI GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR SPECIFIC-GRAVITY IN DIPLOID POTATOES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHIPPING QUALITY; VARIETY; RESISTANCE; HYBRIDS; YIELD; HERITABILITY; CROSSES AB In a clonally propagated crop, such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an estimate of genetic variance as a proportion of the total phenotypic variance (broad-sense heritability) is desirable. Because of its importance to the processing industry, tuber specific gravity has been widely studied. Earlier estimates of narrow-sense heritability for specific gravity in a diploid hybrid population of Solanum phureja x Solanum stenotomum (PHU-STN) were moderate. The purpose of this study was to identify stable, high specific gravity clones for future population improvement efforts and to estimate broad-sense heritability based on clonal means in this PHU-STN population. From 1990 to 1992, 72 diploid hybrid PHU-STN clones were grown in replicated held plots in Presque Isle, ME, and evaluated for specific gravity. There were significant differences among clones. There was also a significant replication (year) effect and clone x year interaction. From the analysis of variance on specific gravity, broad-sense heritability based on clonal means was estimated as 0.66, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.50 to 0.78. Stability-variance statistics calculated for each done were used to identify stable high specific gravity clones. There was no correlation between average specific gravity during 3 yr and the stability-variance statistic, indicating that selecting for high specific gravity should not result in clones that are less stable for specific gravity. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 977 EP 981 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100007 ER PT J AU DEGENHART, NR WERNER, BK BURTON, GW AF DEGENHART, NR WERNER, BK BURTON, GW TI FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF A BROWN MID-RIB MUTANT IN PEARL-MILLET SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; DRY-MATTER DISAPPEARANCE; MAIZE; COMPONENTS; SILAGE; LIGNIN; CORN AB Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is used extensively as forage for livestock, and any improvement in forage digestibility may enhance feeding value. The effect of a pearl millet brown mid-rib gene (bmr) on forage quality and yield was evaluated using near-isogenic lines. An F-1 and two backcrosses were made to an inbred line (T85DB) to incorporate the bmr gene into a non-bmr background. From this crossing scheme, random F-2 plants were selfed to produce F-3 lines that were planted in a randomized complete-block yield trial in Tifton, GA, during 1990 and 1991. Random F-2 plants from the same cross were planted in 1989 and 1991 to evaluate forage yield and quality differences of leaf sheath, leaf blade, and stem fractions from normal and brown mid-rib plants. Brown mid-rib lines yielded 77% as much forage as normal F-3 lines. Forage in vitro dry matter digestibility was 5 percentage units greater for brown mid-rib lines compared with normal lines. Brown mid-rib F-2 plants produced 73% as much stem biomass as the normal phenotype. Stem fraction digestibility of brown mid-rib plants was 11 percentage units greater than that from normal plants. The digestibility of leaf blade, leaf sheath, and head fractions were only 2.4, 3.6, and 3.6 percentage units, respectively, greater for brown mid-rib plants vs. normal plants. Negative pleiotrophic effects attributed to the bmr gene on forage yield for the genotype in this study mag offset any advantages gained in forage digestibility. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV IDAHO,CTR RES & EXTENS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. CAL W SEEDS,W SALEM,WI 54669. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 986 EP 988 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100009 ER PT J AU RAY, JD HINSON, K MANKONO, JEB MALO, MF AF RAY, JD HINSON, K MANKONO, JEB MALO, MF TI GENETIC-CONTROL OF A LONG-JUVENILE TRAIT IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The long-juvenile (LJ) trait in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] has been defined as delayed flowering under short-day conditions. The genetic control of this trait remains ambiguous in the literature, and this study was undertaken to determine the genetic control of the LJ trait. Three field experiments were conducted between 1984 and 1998. In the first experiment, segregation patterns of the LJ trait were examined in six F-2 populations from crosses between conventional juvenile (CJ) lines and PI 159925 (source of the LJ trait). Results indicated that the LJ trait is controlled by a single recessive gene influenced by the genetic background in which it occurs. In the second experiment, the confounding effect of other genes segregating for flowering was eliminated by studying F-2 populations from crosses between members of four pairs of near isogenic Lines primarily differing in the presence of the LJ trait. A total of 1954 F-2 plants were observed from eight crosses. Within all F-2 populations, the segregation patterns for the LJ trait had a good fit to a 3:1 ratio of CJ/LJ expected for a single recessive gene. The dominance relationship of the alleles was examined in the third experiment using F-5 and F-6 families developed from seven different crosses. Results indicated that the J allele, which conditions the CJ phenotype, is nearly completely dominant. Our results indicated that the LJ trait is controlled by a single recessive gene and the symbol J/j has been assigned for the alleles conditioning the flowering response (J-, CJ and jj, LJ). C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 9 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1006 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100012 ER PT J AU LI, YM CHANEY, RL SCHNEITER, AA MILLER, JF AF LI, YM CHANEY, RL SCHNEITER, AA MILLER, JF TI COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS ESTIMATES FOR KERNEL CADMIUM LEVEL IN SUNFLOWER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB On certain soil series, nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) yields kernels with a cadmium (Cd) concentration in excess of some international Cd limits. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and heterosis estimates needed to develop low Cd hybrid cultivars of nonoilseed sunflower. The kernel Cd accumulation of 36 sunflower F-1 hybrids, obtained by crossing six inbred cytoplasmic male-sterile lines to six inbred male-fertile lines in a factorial mating design, was evaluated from held tests conducted at four locations with different soil types. Although the genotype x location interaction was statistically significant, the correlations for Cd among locations were significant over F-1 hybrids and parental lines, indicating that inbred parental Lines and hybrids performed consistently across the four locations. GCA was significant and accounted for 80% of the hybrid sums of squares. The interaction between males and females also was significant. These results indicate that additive genetic effects predominantly Influence the expression of kernel Cd accumulation in hybrids. The regression of actual hybrid kernel Cd on expected hybrid kernel Cd, based on parental GCA values, was highly significant. Although the regression of actual hybrid kernel Cd on midparent also was statistically significant, the R(2) value was only 0.21. These results indicated that GCA was more effective than midparent for describing hybrid performance. The levels of heterosis varied widely among crosses, ranging from -50 to 50%. Twenty-seven of the 36 crosses registered double-digit negative heterosis, indicating breeding for low kernel Cd in sunflower hybrids should be feasible. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & WEED SCI, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, NO CROP SCI LAB, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. RP LI, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS, ENVIRONM CHEM LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1019 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100015 ER PT J AU WILCOX, JR CAVINS, JF AF WILCOX, JR CAVINS, JF TI BACKCROSSING HIGH SEED PROTEIN TO A SOYBEAN CULTIVAR SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS AB An inverse relationship between seed yield and seed protein concentration has limited success in developing soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] cultivars with high seed protein. High protein from the donor parent 'Pando' (498 g kg(-1) protein) was backcrossed to 'Cutler 71' (408 g kg(-1) protein) to determine if the yield of Cutler 71 could be recovered in addition to the high protein from Pando. Random F-4-derived lines, plus three Lines with highest seed protein concentration, from the initial cross, the BC1, and the BC2 populations, were evaluated for agronomic traits in separate, two-replicate tests for 1 yr at West Lafayette, IN. Seed from replication composites were evaluated for protein and oil concentration using near infra-red reflectance or near infra-red transmission. The parent line for each backcross was selected first for high seed protein, then for yield and agronomic similarity to Cutler 71. Random F-4-derived progenies of the BC3 population, the parent line for each backcross, and the cultivars Pando, Cutler 71, and Hamilton were evaluated in three-replicate tests for 2 yr at West Lafayette, IN. In each backcross generation, lines were identified with seed protein in excess of 470 g kg(-1) and that progressively approached the yield of Cutler 71. In the BC3 population, one Line averaged 472 g kg(-1) seed protein and was significantly (P = 0.05) higher in seed yield than Cutler 71, similar in yield to the cultivar Hamilton. In each backcross population, there were inverse relationships between seed yield and seed protein (R(2) values ranging from 0.33 to 0.06) and between seed protein and seed oil (R(2) values ranging from 0.55 in BC1 to 0.94 in BC3). In successive backcross populations, minimum oil values increased from 148 in BC1 to 174 g kg(-1) In BC3, indicating a trend toward recovering oil concentration (204 g kg(-1)) of Cutler 71. The data demonstrate that high seed protein can be backcrossed to a soybean cultivar, fully recovering the seed yield of the cultivar, suggesting the absence of physiological barriers to combining high seed protein with high seed yield in these populations. C1 PURDUE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP WILCOX, JR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV, USDA ARS, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. NR 14 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1041 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100019 ER PT J AU NOVY, EM CASLER, MD HILL, RR AF NOVY, EM CASLER, MD HILL, RR TI SELECTION FOR PERSISTENCE OF TETRAPLOID RYEGRASSES AND FESTULOLIUM IN MIXTURE WITH PERENNIAL LEGUMES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; BINARY-MIXTURES; CLOVER; ALFALFA; ORCHARDGRASS; PERFORMANCE; COEXISTENCE; PASTURES; HERBAGE AB Forage ryegrass species (Lolium spp.) are seldom utilized in north central and northeastern U.S. hay and pasture systems because of poor persistence in mixtures with common forage legumes. This study was conducted to (i) evaluate genetic responses to one cycle of phenotypic recurrent selection for persistence in tetraploid perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.), intermediate ryegrass (L. hybridum Hausskn.), and the meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Hudson) x Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.) intergeneric hybrid, festulolium (Festulolium braunii K.A.), and (ii) identify specific adaptation responses of these populations selected in mixture with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Surviving ryegrass and festulolium plants were selected in 1986 after 3 yr of hay production in mixtures with alfalfa, red clover, and birdsfoot trefoil at Arlington, WI, and Rock Springs, PA. The ability of Cycle 1 progeny to persist with each legume species was compared with those of parental cultivars in 1989, 1990, and 1991 at Arlington and Marshfield, WI. Selection resulted in an increase in mixed-stand performance for perennial and intermediate ryegrass; grass ground cover increased by 5.2 and 3.6 percentage units for perennial and intermediate ryegrass, respectively, and the perennial ryegrass component of mixtures increased by 69 g kg(-1). Mixture yield was usually unaffected by selection. Evidence for adaptive responses of the ryegrasses and festulolium to specific legume species was scant and inconsistent. Nevertheless, heritable variation for persistence in mixture with legumes was found, suggesting that small gains can be made toward breeding ryegrasses for improved adaptation to Wisconsin. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. NEW JERSEY AGR EXPTL STN,BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019. USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1046 EP 1051 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100021 ER PT J AU MORENOSEVILLA, B BAENZIGER, PS PETERSON, CJ GRAYBOSCH, RA MCVEY, DV AF MORENOSEVILLA, B BAENZIGER, PS PETERSON, CJ GRAYBOSCH, RA MCVEY, DV TI THE 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION - AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF F-3-DERIVED LINES FROM A WINTER-WHEAT CROSS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD COMPONENTS; REGISTRATION; QUALITY AB Cultivar comparisons have suggested that the 1BL/1RS wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomal translocation enhances agronomic performance and environmental stability of wheat. This advantage has been attributed either to disease resistance genes or to improved adaptation genes on the 1RS segment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 1BL/1RS without the confounding effect of cultivar background by evaluating 17 homogeneous 1B, 20 heterogeneous IB:1BL/1RS, and 22 homogeneous 1BL/1RS lines. The lines were randomly selected from the cross 'Siouxland'/'Ram'. The 59 progeny Lines and the two parents were tested in seven Nebraska held environments with a randomized complete-block design. Data were obtained for grain yield, components of yield, grain volume weight, anthesis date, plant height, and leaf rust infection. The 1BL/1RS class was 9% higher yielding than 1B and heterogeneous classes. This yield advantage was attributed to increased kernel weight, which was generally expressed in lower yielding environments. Differential response to disease pressure did not explain yield differences. Within chromosome classes, differences in grain yield were attributed more to variation in number of spikes per square meter not kernel weight. The grain yield advantage of the 1BL/1RS appeared to be associated with a postanthesis stress tolerance, which resulted in increased kernel weight of the 1BL/1RS genotypes. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. RP MORENOSEVILLA, B (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 25 TC 76 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1055 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100022 ER PT J AU HAYATI, R EGLI, DB CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ AF HAYATI, R EGLI, DB CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ TI CARBON AND NITROGEN SUPPLY DURING SEED FILLING AND LEAF SENESCENCE IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CULTIVAR; REMOVAL; PLANTS; YIELD; ACCUMULATION; FIXATION; LEAVES; GROWTH; STRESS AB Leaf senescence and N redistribution during seed filling may Limit soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] yield by restricting the seed filling period. Experiments were conducted in the field and greenhouse to evaluate the relationship between seed N demand and leaf senescence. plants (cv. McCall) were grown under shade cloth (which reduced insolation by 63%) from R1 to R5 (beginning seed fill), then the shade was removed from some plants with the objective of increasing photosynthesis, seed dry matter, and N accumulation. Experiments included plants grown In soil with no nodules (NO3- as primary N source), plants grown in soil with many nodules (N from NO3- and N-2 fixation), and in a hydroponics system (NO3- as primary N source) where N was removed from the media at R5. Increasing photosynthesis at R5 increased seed dry matter accumulation and the response was larger when N was available. Seed N accumulation also increased if N was available. Increasing photosynthesis had no effect on seed N accumulation when N was not available to the plant. Temporal changes in chlorophyll and N of an upper leaf were measured to characterize leaf senescence. Increasing photosynthesis did not accelerate leaf senescence in any of the treatments. If N was available, N uptake increased when photosynthesis increased. If N was not available, seed N concentration decreased. The data suggest that leaf senescence does not occur because of seed N demand, but may be regulated by processes in the leaf. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV SRIWIJAYA,FAK PERTANIAN,JL PADANG SALASA,PALEMBANG,INDONESIA. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 36 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1063 EP 1069 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100024 ER PT J AU CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ RADIN, JW AF CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ RADIN, JW TI EFFECT OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON COTTON YIELD IN SHORT-SEASON PRODUCTION SYSTEMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-GROWTH AB In irrigated desert areas of the southwestern USA, fruiting of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) typically peaks in July. Water management during the fruiting period can influence cotton lint yields. This study tested the hypothesis that small frequent irrigations during the July peak fruiting stage would increase fruit set and yields compared with the same amount of water applied less frequently. During 3 yr under a short-season production system, irrigation intervals of 5-4 with 42 mm of water applied at each of six irrigations increased lint yield by 5 to 11% compared with irrigation intervals of 10- and 15-d with 81 and 130 mm of water applied at each of three and two irrigations, respectively. Average stomatal conductance of 1989 and 1991 was higher for the 5-d-irrigation interval than for 10- or 15-d intervals. For 1990 and 1991 average leaf water potentials were higher and average leaf temperatures were lower for the 5-d-irrigation interval than for the other two irrigation intervals. The results show that with the same amount of water conventionally applied through furrow irrigation, small frequent irrigations during cotton fruiting were effective in reducing water deficit during critical growth stages and increasing lint production. The small frequent irrigations did not increase soil salt content in the top 15 cm of soil after 3 yr of study. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CHU, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1073 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100025 ER PT J AU SCHUSSLER, JR WESTGATE, ME AF SCHUSSLER, JR WESTGATE, ME TI ASSIMILATE FLUX DETERMINES KERNEL SET AT LOW WATER POTENTIAL IN MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SILK; REPRODUCTION; SENSITIVITY AB Plant water deficits during flowering came maize (Zea mays L.) kernels to abort. Lack of current and reserve photosynthate account for much of the kernel toss, but partitioning to ovaries at low ovary water potential (psi(w)) may also be limited by lack of assimilate demand. To test this possibility, we measured the water status, carbohydrate content, and growth elf ovaries on plants grown in the field in pots containing 22 kg of soil under one of three light environments [Control, 75-cm rows, 43 055 plants ha(-1); Shade, same as Control except under shade cloth (55% light interception) from the sixth leaf stage until physiological maturity; or Isolated, 122-cm rows, 6727 plants ha(-1)] and exposed to a water deficit during pollination. Water was withheld at silk emergence and plants were hand-pollinated 4 d later when silk psi(w) was approximate to - 1.1 MPa, leaf psi(w) was approximate to - 1.8 MPa, and photosynthesis was completely inhibited. The water deficit decreased kernel set, which was correlated with the inhibition of ovary dry matter accumulation. The concentration of sucrose and glucose increased in ovaries of water-deficient plants, and ovary turgor remained at or above control levels. Thus, inhibition of ovary growth at low psi(w) was not related to a loss of turgor, nor was it caused by a depletion of ovary sugars. Sugar accumulation at low psi(w) suggested that metabolism may have been impaired. Coupled with a low level of reserves, failure to utilize available sugars at low psi(w) would severely inhibit assimilate flux to the ear and render kernel set highIy vulnerable to water deficits during pollination. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. RICERCA,PAINESVILLE,OH 44077. NR 17 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1080 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100026 ER PT J AU MICELI, F CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ EGLI, DB AF MICELI, F CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ EGLI, DB TI PHYSICAL RESTRICTION OF POD GROWTH ALTERS DEVELOPMENT OF SOYBEAN PLANTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL NITROGEN; SINK REMOVAL; DRY-MATTER; SENESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CONSTITUENTS; METABOLISM; ISOLINES; FRUIT AB Efforts to determine the mechanistic relationships between fruit and canopy development are complicated by difficulties in designing nondestructive treatments that modify plant-sink development. Pod growth was physically restricted by placing plastic straws, referred teas plastic pod-restriction devices, over 0, 50, or 100% of the soybean (Glycine mar L. Merr.) pods in greenhouse experiments. The objective was to determine how decreases in pod growth influenced whole-plant growth and development. Both the rate and final accumulation of seed dry matter were decreased by restricting pod growth. Conversely, restricting pod growth increased seed number due to increased production and decreased abscission of fruits. Plant dry matter and N accumulations during the linear seed-fill period were not affected by restricting pod growth. This resulted from proportional increases in partitioning of assimilates into stems and leaves. Thus, decreases in reproductive growth apparently did not cause feedback inhibition of photosynthesis. Although leaf abscission was delayed by restricting pod growth, dry matter and N accmulation late in development were affected only slightly. In general, restricting pod growth influenced plant develop ment and assimilate allocation in a similar manner as physical removal of fruits. The inverse relationship between the rate of dry matter accumulation in seed and pod and seed number per plant indicated that assimilate availability limited seed number. The delay in leaf yellowing and abscission induced by physically restricting pod growth suggested that the completion of monocarpic senescence was directly affected by changes in the rate of seed dry matter accumulation per plant. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. UNIV UDINE,DIPARTIMENTO PROD VEGETALE & TECNOL AGR,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. OI Miceli, Fabiano/0000-0002-5319-5302 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1080 EP 1085 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100027 ER PT J AU BRINK, GE AF BRINK, GE TI WHITE CLOVER GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY UNDER CONTRASTING CUTTING REGIMES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; DEFOLIATION; FREQUENCY; PLANTS; GRASS; YIELD AB Climatic conditions contribute to reduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) productivity and plant swivel in the southeastern USA, particularly during the summer. Our objective was to determine the influence of cutting height and frequency on yield and plant morphological traits associated with survival of white clover under humid-subtropic conditions. Regal (large-leaf), Louisiana S-l (mediom-large-leaf), and Grasslands Hula (medium-small-leaf) white clover were sown on a Catalpa silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) and were cut every 7, 28, and 49 d at a 2.5- and 10-cm stubble height from March to November. Forage yield was measured at each harvest. Stolen growth and branching (growing point density; GPD) and post-harvest leaf area index (LAI) were measured in May, August, and November. Dry matter (DM) yield measured by season (spring, summer, and autumn) increased as leaf size increased and cutting height decreased. The effect of cutting height on stolen DM was opposite that of Its effect on DM yield. After the spring, stolen DM of all cultivars was reduced by harvesting at 2.5-vs. 10.0-cm stubble, regardless of cutting interval. Within a cutting height, increasing the harvest interval from 7 or 28 to 49 d generally resulted in greater stolen DM accumulation by autumn. During much of the growing season, there was a positive association between stolen GPD and post-harvest LAI. Our results suggest that close defoliation of white clover (2.5-cm stubble) during the summer and autumn is detrimental to plant survival, particularly when combined with a short (7-d) defoliation interval. RP BRINK, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1103 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100030 ER PT J AU BREGITZER, P POULSON, M AF BREGITZER, P POULSON, M TI AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF BARLEY LINES DERIVED FROM TISSUE-CULTURE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTHER CULTURE; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; CHROMOSOMAL VARIATIONS; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; PLANT-REGENERATION; HORDEUM-VULGARE; CALLUS; FERTILE; SELECTION; EMBRYOS AB The practical application of in vitro genetic manipulations to plant breeding may be hindered by unselected and potentially undesirable somaclonal variation. To determine the potential for recovering cultivars from tissue cultures without somaclonal variation, 30 families of tissue culture derived lines from six barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were analyzed for agronomic performance. Each family was derived from a single regenerated plant that in turn was derived from an immature embryo callus culture, Four to six R(2) plants were selected from each family based on phenotypic similarity to the uncultured parental controls. One-hundred-seventy-four R(2) derived lines were advanced by bulking to the R(5) generation. The results of replicated field trials indicated that the agronomic performance for the majority of these lines was altered by passage through tissue culture and that the alterations were generally undesirable. Cultivar-dependent differences were noted in the frequency and degree of agronomic alterations. Families within cultivars was an important source of variation, but selections within families was not. Successful selection of tissue culture derived barley Lines without somoclonal variation therefore may be cultivar dependent and may require screening large populations of regenerated plants. RP BREGITZER, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 307,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1144 EP 1148 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100038 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KB CURTO, M ASAY, K AF JENSEN, KB CURTO, M ASAY, K TI CYTOGENETICS OF EURASIAN BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO NORTH AMERICAN BLUEBUNCH AND THICKSPIKE WHEATGRASSES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENOME ANALYSIS; TRITICEAE AB Bluebunch wheatgrass, Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh.) A. Love, is one of the most important native dryland forage bunchgrasses of the intermountain West, which often produces depleted stands under moderate to heavy grazing pressure. Tn recent plant collecting trips to the Altai and Tien Shan Mountains of China and Russia, a grazing tolerant bluebunch wheatgrass complex was obtained. This study was conducted to describe the cytogenetic characteristics and potential for genetic exchange between the Eurasian, bluebunch wheatgrass complex EP. strigosa (M. Bieb.) A. Love, P. geniculata (Trin.) A. Love, Roegneria elytrigioides Yen and Yang, and R. glaberrima Keng et S.L. Chen] and those bIuebunch thickspike wheatgrasses found in North America. Meiotic behavior of the triploid hybrids between diploid and tetraploid R. glaberrima indicated that both ploidy levels share the same genome. Almost complete pairing in hybrids P. strigosa ssp. aegilopoides (Drob.) A. Love x P. spicata, and R. glaberrima x P. spicata, demonstrated that P. strigosa ssp. aegilopoides and R. glaberrima are comprised of the basic S genome. Triploid hybrids between P. geniculata, and R. elytrigioides with either P. spicata, P. slipifolia (Czern. ex Nevski) A. Love, or P. strigosa ssp. aegilopoides exhibited trivalent frequencies consistent with the hypothesis that tetraploid R. elytrigioides is an autotetraploid (SSSS) and that P. geniculata is either a segmental autotetraploid ((SSSS2)-S-1-S-1-S-1) or an allotetraploid (SS??). Based on the high level of chromosome pairing in the interspecific hybrids between the Eurasian and North American bluebunch wheatgrass complex, genetic exchange is possible. Due to the close genetic and morphological similarity among individuals of P. spicata, P. strigosa, P. geniculata, R. elytrigioides, and R. glaberrima we are likely dealing with a single, polymorphic, Eurasian-North American species complex. RP JENSEN, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1162 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100041 ER PT J AU BASIGALUP, DH BARNES, DK STUCKER, RE AF BASIGALUP, DH BARNES, DK STUCKER, RE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A CORE COLLECTION FOR PERENNIAL MEDICAGO PLANT INTRODUCTIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM AB The size and heterogeneity of world germplasm collections often have hindered their evaluation and utilization. Most of the diversity of germplasm collections could be represented by core collections (or core subsets), which are representative samples of the genetic diversity of a crop species and its relatives. Individual accessions not included in the core are retained as reserve subsets. The objectives of this research were to evaluate selection procedures for designating a core collection of plant introduction accessions (P.I.s) and to designate a U.S. P.I. core collection for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. sensu late). About 1100 perennial Medicago P.I.s collected from 47 countries were classified into 18 geographical groups based on passport data from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) System. A data file was developed for 50 agronomic, forage quality, root and crown morphology, pest resistance, and stress tolerance traits. Eight methods for developing a 200-entry core were compared by nonparametric procedures with the original P.I. collection. The methods included multivariate procedures, random and/or directed selection of entries, and a totally randomly selected core. The sign test was used to compare the means and the variances for 38 traits having the most complete data sets among the cores developed by the eight methods. None of the methods changed the trait means; but nearly all methods, with the exception of the randomly selected core, significantly increased the variance for most traits. Two methods were the best for designating a core collection. One method combined cluster analysis based on principal components within each geographical group with random selection of entries within each cluster (Method 3), the other method was direct selection of entries within each geographical group (Method 8). Method 3 needs a complete data set and extensive computer facilities. Method 8 can utilize incomplete data sets and does not require computer facilities. Method 8 was chosen for designating the core collection for perennial Medicago spp. P.I.s because it retained the greatest variability for all traits. This 200-entry core was one of the first designated for any crop in the GRIN System. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. INTA,ESTAC EXPTL,ANGUIL,LA PAMPA,ARGENTINA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1163 EP 1168 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100042 ER PT J AU BURTON, GW WILSON, JP AF BURTON, GW WILSON, JP TI IDENTIFICATION AND TRANSFER OF HETEROTIC CHROMOSOME BLOCKS FOR FORAGE YIELD IN SHORT-DAY EXOTIC PEARL-MILLET LANDRACES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Photoperiod sensitivity of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum CL.) R. Br., exotic accessions has limited their use in nontropical environments doe to excess height and late maturity problems. Objectives of this research were (i) to describe and evaluate a modification of a direct method to screen non-converted short-day Burkina Faso landraces (BFL) of pearl millet for large heterosis-creating heterotic chromosome blocks (HCBs) that can replace a small HCB in the male parent T383 of the top producing F-1 hybrid Tifleaf 2 and to increase its forage yield; and (ii) to determine the variation in the size of HCBs in a single landrace. Short early T383-like F-2 plants in (BFL x T383) F-2 Populations were screened for HCBs by crossing them with T23Rp(1), which carries the red marker gene, crossing those F(1)s on T85A [cytoplasmic male sterile (ems) green 23], growing 100 spaced plants of the cross T85 x (BFL x T383) F-2, cutting and weighing 50 of the red and 50 of the green plants in each population, and analyzing the data with the SAS General Linear Model. Percent heterosis for plant forage yield in 100-plant populations of each cross ranged from 0 to 51%. The average HCB heterosis for T383 was 4%. Sister plants within a single BFL were variable enough to make it important to cross a single BFL plant with T23Rp(1) to measure HCB heterosis and with T265 (T383Rp(1)) to start the transfer of the top HCB to T383. The modification method requires an extra year before measuring HCBs, but requires a less variable 100-plant screening population and should require fewer backcrosses to transfer the top HCB to T383. RP BURTON, GW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1184 EP 1187 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100045 ER PT J AU WILCOX, JR FERRIS, JM FAGHIHI, J ABNEY, TS AF WILCOX, JR FERRIS, JM FAGHIHI, J ABNEY, TS TI REGISTRATION OF BRONSON SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WILCOX, JR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS CROP PROD & PATHOL RES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1208 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100057 ER PT J AU PATER, MJ AF PATER, MJ TI REGISTRATION OF STEVAN PLAINS BRISTLEGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP PATER, MJ (reprint author), USDA,SCS,TUCSON PLANT MAT CTR,3241 N ROMERO RD,TUCSON,AZ 85705, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1208 EP 1208 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100058 ER PT J AU WESENBERG, DM BURRUP, DE WHITMORE, JC AF WESENBERG, DM BURRUP, DE WHITMORE, JC TI REGISTRATION OF TARGHEE BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV IDAHO,TETONIA RES EXT CTR,NEWDALE,ID 83436. RP WESENBERG, DM (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN RES & EXT CTR,USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,POB 307,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1209 EP 1210 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100060 ER PT J AU DAY, JL DUNCAN, RR RAYMER, PL THOMPSON, DS ZUMMO, N AF DAY, JL DUNCAN, RR RAYMER, PL THOMPSON, DS ZUMMO, N TI REGISTRATION OF TOP-76-6 SWEET SORGHUM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA EXPT STN,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. GEORGIA MT EXP STN,BLAIRSVILLE,GA 30512. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1211 EP 1213 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100063 ER PT J AU TAI, PYP MILLER, JD DEREN, CW GLAZ, B SHINE, JM COMSTOCK, JC AF TAI, PYP MILLER, JD DEREN, CW GLAZ, B SHINE, JM COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-85-1308 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 34430. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. RP TAI, PYP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SURGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1213 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100064 ER PT J AU DEREN, CW GLAZ, B SHINE, JM TAI, PYP MILLER, JD COMSTOCK, JC AF DEREN, CW GLAZ, B SHINE, JM TAI, PYP MILLER, JD COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-86-1633 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 34430. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1214 EP 1214 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100065 ER PT J AU GLAZ, B DEREN, CW SHINE, JM MILLER, JD TAI, PYP COMSTOCK, JC AF GLAZ, B DEREN, CW SHINE, JM MILLER, JD TAI, PYP COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-85-1382 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 34430. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1214 EP 1215 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100066 ER PT J AU SOUZA, E WINDES, JM SUNDERMAN, DW WHITMORE, J KRUK, M GOATES, BJ AF SOUZA, E WINDES, JM SUNDERMAN, DW WHITMORE, J KRUK, M GOATES, BJ TI REGISTRATION OF BONNEVILLE HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV IDAHO,TETONIA RES & EXT CTR,NEWDALE,ID 83436. USDA ARS,NSGGRF,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP SOUZA, E (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN RES & EXT CTR,POB AA,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1218 EP 1219 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100072 ER PT J AU OHM, HW SHANER, G BUECHLEY, G RATCLIFFE, RH PATTERSON, FL BOSTWICK, DE ALDRIDGE, WG AF OHM, HW SHANER, G BUECHLEY, G RATCLIFFE, RH PATTERSON, FL BOSTWICK, DE ALDRIDGE, WG TI REGISTRATION OF GRANT WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. ASGROW SEED CO INC,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. RP OHM, HW (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1220 EP 1220 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100074 ER PT J AU NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR THARP, JE CARY, TR THOMAS, DJ AF NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR THARP, JE CARY, TR THOMAS, DJ TI REGISTRATION OF YALE SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP NICKELL, CD (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT AGRON, 1102 S GOODWIN, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1221 EP 1222 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100076 ER PT J AU SURRENCY, ED OWSLEY, CM KIRKLAND, MS MCCRACKEN, DV RAYMER, PL HARGROVE, WL DAY, JL MOSJIDIS, JA AF SURRENCY, ED OWSLEY, CM KIRKLAND, MS MCCRACKEN, DV RAYMER, PL HARGROVE, WL DAY, JL MOSJIDIS, JA TI REGISTRATION OF AMERICUS HAIRY VETCH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. USDA,SCS,AMERICUS PLANT MAT CTR,AMERICUS,GA 31709. USDA,SCS,ATHENS,GA 30601. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RI Owsley, Cynthia/B-7986-2014 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1222 EP 1222 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100078 ER PT J AU WORRALL, WD MARSHALL, DS CALDWELL, SP PETERSON, CJ BAENZIGER, PS SCHMIDT, JW AF WORRALL, WD MARSHALL, DS CALDWELL, SP PETERSON, CJ BAENZIGER, PS SCHMIDT, JW TI REGISTRATION OF SIOUXLAND-89 WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN, DALLAS, TX 75252 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, USDA ARS, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT AGRON, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. RP WORRALL, WD (reprint author), TEXAS A&M RES & EXT CTR, POB 1658, VERNON, TX 76385 USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1223 EP 1223 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100079 ER PT J AU LEWELLEN, RT AF LEWELLEN, RT TI REGISTRATION OF 3 CYST-NEMATODE RESISTANT SUGAR-BEET GERMPLASMS - C603, C603-1, AND C604 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP LEWELLEN, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,CROP IMPROVEMENT & PROTECT RES UNIT,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1229 EP 1230 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100090 ER PT J AU BARRY, D ANTONIO, AQ DARRAH, LL AF BARRY, D ANTONIO, AQ DARRAH, LL TI REGISTRATION OF MO45, MO46, AND MO47 MAIZE GERMPLASM LINES WITH RESISTANCE TO EUROPEAN CORN-BORER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BARRY, D (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1232 EP 1233 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100094 ER PT J AU PEDERSON, GA WINDHAM, GL AF PEDERSON, GA WINDHAM, GL TI REGISTRATION OF MSNR4 ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE RESISTANT WHITE CLOVER GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP PEDERSON, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1234 EP 1235 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100097 ER PT J AU PEDERSON, GA AF PEDERSON, GA TI REGISTRATION OF MSRLM RED LEAF MARK WHITE CLOVER GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP PEDERSON, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1235 EP 1236 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100098 ER PT J AU FRIEBE, B GILL, BS TULEEN, NA COX, TS AF FRIEBE, B GILL, BS TULEEN, NA COX, TS TI REGISTRATION OF KS93WGRC28 POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT T6BS-CENTER-DOT-6RL WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP FRIEBE, B (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1237 EP 1237 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100101 ER PT J AU HALLAUER, AR WRIGHT, AD AF HALLAUER, AR WRIGHT, AD TI REGISTRATION OF B101 MAIZE GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID LYSINE-PLUS-THREONINE; METHIONINE; RESISTANT C1 USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. RP HALLAUER, AR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1238 EP 1239 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100104 ER PT J AU SEBESTA, EE YOUNG, HC PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA AF SEBESTA, EE YOUNG, HC PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA TI REGISTRATION OF 2 WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC VIRUS-RESISTANT WHEAT GERMPLASMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA,ARS,STILLWATER,OK 74075. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1238 EP 1238 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100103 ER PT J AU WINDES, JM SOUZA, E SUNDERMAN, DW GOATES, BJ AF WINDES, JM SOUZA, E SUNDERMAN, DW GOATES, BJ TI REGISTRATION OF 4 WHEAT GERMPLASMS RESISTANT TO DWARF BUNT - IDAHO-352, IDAHO-364, IDAHO-443, AND IDAHO-444 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN RES & EXT CTR,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1239 EP 1240 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100105 ER PT J AU BURTON, GW WILSON, JP AF BURTON, GW WILSON, JP TI REGISTRATION OF TIFT-65 PARENTAL INBRED LINE OF PEARL-MILLET SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID RESISTANCE C1 UNIV GEORGIA,AGR RES STN,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP BURTON, GW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,AGR RES STN,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1244 EP 1244 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF641 UT WOS:A1995RF64100111 ER PT J AU LEATHERS, TD HAYMAN, GT COTE, GL AF LEATHERS, TD HAYMAN, GT COTE, GL TI RAPID SCREENING OF LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES MUTANTS FOR ELEVATED PROPORTIONS OF ALTERNAN TO DEXTRAN SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NRRL B-1355 AB Certain isolates of the bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, such as strain NRRL B-1355, have been found to produce alternan, a polysaccharide with unique properties of potentially high commercial value. However, all of these isolates also produce significant amounts of the polysaccharide dextran, which would be costly to separate from alternan on a commercial basis. We developed a rapid screening method for the isolation of L. mesenteroides mutants that produce elevated proportions of alternan to dextran. With this technique, a set of mutants of strain NRRL B-1355 was isolated, including strain NRRL B-21138, which produced a high proportion of alternan to dextran and showed complete genetic stability after more than 60 generations. RP LEATHERS, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1007/BF00294628 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QY592 UT WOS:A1995QY59200005 ER PT J AU KANESHIRO, T NAKAMURA, LK BAGBY, MO AF KANESHIRO, T NAKAMURA, LK BAGBY, MO TI OLEIC-ACID TRANSFORMATIONS BY SELECTED STRAINS OF SPHINGOBACTERIUM-THALPOPHILUM AND BACILLUS-CEREUS FROM COMPOSTED MANURE SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEN-NOV AB In a survey of 186 randomly selected microbial strains isolated from composted manure, 63 transformed oleic acid into three types of products: hydroxy fatty acid, fatty amide, and less polar oleyl lipid. Selection of oleic acid-transforming microorganisms was enhanced in nutrient agar supplemented with 0.1% (vol/vol) oleic acid at pH 7.2. Most of the 63 diverse isolates elicited inconsistent and poorly reproduced transformations. However, strains 142b (NRRL B-14797) transformed oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid consistently, and strain 229b (NRRL B-14812) produced an octadecenamide. Taxonomic studies indicated that NRRL strain B-14797, possessing 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-15-methylhexadecane and sphinganine bases, was closely related to Sphingobacterium thalpophilum, and NRRL B-14812 was identified as Bacillus cereus. RP KANESHIRO, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1007/BF00294636 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QY592 UT WOS:A1995QY59200013 PM 7767231 ER PT J AU SPICER, LJ ECHTERNKAMP, SE AF SPICER, LJ ECHTERNKAMP, SE TI THE OVARIAN INSULIN AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR SYSTEM WITH AN EMPHASIS ON DOMESTIC-ANIMALS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PORCINE GRANULOSA-CELLS; FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; I IGF-I; RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; THECA-INTERSTITIAL CELLS; CHAIN-CLEAVAGE ENZYME; SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; SOMATOMEDIN-C AB Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have direct effects on cultured ovarian cells. These effects include stimulation of granulosa cell mitogenesis, granulosa and luteal cell progesterone production, and thecal cell androgen production and appear similar among species. However, species differences exist with regard to insulin and IGF-I effects on granulosa cell estradiol production. In addition to endocrine effects of insulin and IGFs, IGFs are produced by granulosa, thecal, and luteal cells, allowing for an intraovarian autocrine and paracrine system. Granulosa, thecal, and luteal cells contain receptors for insulin and IGFs, and these receptors appear to mediate the effects of insulin and IGFs. Adding to the complexity of the regulatory role of IGFs is the presence of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) within the ovary. These IGFBPs are produced by granulosa, thecal, and luteal cells, and their production is hormonally regulated. Evidence for a coherent mechanism by which insulin, IGFs, and IGFBPs interact and regulate ovarian function in vivo has yet to be found. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP SPICER, LJ (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 182 TC 301 Z9 310 U1 0 U2 9 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domes. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 223 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(95)00021-6 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RG848 UT WOS:A1995RG84800001 PM 7587167 ER PT J AU LEFCOURT, AM BITMAN, J WOOD, DL AKERS, RM AF LEFCOURT, AM BITMAN, J WOOD, DL AKERS, RM TI CIRCADIAN AND ULTRADIAN RHYTHMS OF PERIPHERAL GROWTH-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN LACTATING DAIRY-COWS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; HOLSTEIN HEIFERS; PROLACTIN; RELEASE; PLASMA; METABOLITES; SECRETION; MILK AB To investigate possible circadian and ultradian periodicities for plasma growth hormone in lactating dairy cows, integrated 15-min blood samples taken sequentially over 48 hr from six cows were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The cows were housed in an environmental chamber at 19 +/- 0.5 degrees C, 50% relative humidity, and 16 hr of light and 8 hr of darkness (lights on at 0700 hr); fed daily at 0900 hr; and milked at 0800 and 2000 hr. Peripheral concentrations of growth hormone for all six cows exhibited sinusoidal circadian rhythms with average minima of 4.1 ng/ml at 1820 hr and maxima of 5.3 ng/ml at 0630 hr. Estimated periods of ultradian rhythms for individual cows by spectral analysis, peak identification, and fitting cosine functions using least squares were 71 to 83 min for all cows. No direct relationship between ultradian peaks and milking or feeding was apparent. In conclusion, a circadian rhythm and an ultradian rhythm with a period around 80 min are probably intrinsic to mechanisms regulating peripheral growth hormone concentrations in the lactating dairy cow. C1 VIRGINIA TECH,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP LEFCOURT, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BLDG 173,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domes. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(95)00022-7 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RG848 UT WOS:A1995RG84800002 PM 7587168 ER PT J AU STEELE, NC MCMURTRY, JP CAMPBELL, RG CAPERNA, TJ ROSEBROUGH, RW AF STEELE, NC MCMURTRY, JP CAMPBELL, RG CAPERNA, TJ ROSEBROUGH, RW TI EFFECT OF DIETARY ENERGY-INTAKE AND EXOGENOUS PORCINE GROWTH-HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON CIRCULATING PORCINE GROWTH-HORMONE CONCENTRATION AND RESPONSE TO HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR ADMINISTRATION IN GROWING SWINE SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIGS; PERFORMANCE; SOMATOTROPIN; STIMULATION; KILOGRAMS; GENOTYPE; PROTEIN AB In a 2 x 2 treatment array (n = 4 pigs/treatment), the effects of feed intake (ad libitum vs. restricted to 60% ad libitum) and the daily administration of excipient buffer or porcine pituitary-derived growth hormone (GH) at a dose of 100 mu g/kg body weight per day on serum GH profile and human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF) response were examined in barrows weighing 55 kg. Feed intake treatment was implemented from 25 to 55 kg live weight. Buffer or GH treatment was implemented for 10 d before sampling. After GH treatment, the integrated serum GH concentration area was 25% greater in barrows fed restrictively. Data are consistent with the suggestion that GH dose to improve the efficiency of lean tissue deposition be adjusted according to feeding regimen. The serum GH response to hGRF was also altered by level of feed intake. The ad libitum feeding of buffer-treated animals resulted in a monophasic serum GH response to hGRF, whereas barrows fed restrictively had a biphasic response to hGRF. Together, these data suggest that feed intake pattern alters GH secretion and as such could influence the practical implementation of somatotropin as a metabolism modifier in swine. RP STEELE, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,RM 200,BLDG 200,BARC E,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domes. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(95)00026-B PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RG848 UT WOS:A1995RG84800006 PM 7587172 ER PT J AU NIKOLOV, NT MASSMAN, WJ SCHOETTLE, AW AF NIKOLOV, NT MASSMAN, WJ SCHOETTLE, AW TI COUPLING BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL PROCESSES AT THE LEAF LEVEL - AN EQUILIBRIUM PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL FOR LEAVES OF C-3 PLANTS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE CARBON; TEMPERATURE; WATER DYNAMICS ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-EXCHANGE; EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS; VARIABLE SUNLIGHT; DARK RESPIRATION; EMPIRICAL-MODEL AB The paper presents a generic computer model for estimating short-term steady-state fluxes of CO2, water vapor, and heat from broad leaves and needle-leaved coniferous shoots of C-3 plant species. The model explicitly couples all major processes and feedbacks known to impact leaf biochemistry and biophysics including biochemical reactions, stomatal function, and leaf-boundary layer heat- and mass-transport mechanisms. The ability of the model to successfully predict measured photosynthesis and stomatal-conductance data as well as to simulate a variety of observed leaf responses is demonstrated. A model application investigating physiological and environmental regulation of leaf water-use efficiency (WUE) under steady-state conditions is discussed. Simulation results suggest that leaf physiology has a significant control over the environmental sensitivity of leaf WUE. The implementation of a highly efficient solution technique allows the model to be directly incorporated into plant-canopy and terrestrial ecosystem models. RP NIKOLOV, NT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 84 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 80 IS 2-3 BP 205 EP 235 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)00072-P PG 31 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RE225 UT WOS:A1995RE22500009 ER PT J AU MCNULTY, SG SWANK, WT AF MCNULTY, SG SWANK, WT TI WOOD DELTA-C-13 AS A MEASURE OF ANNUAL BASAL AREA GROWTH AND SOIL-WATER STRESS IN A PINUS-STROBUS FOREST SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BASAL GROWTH; CARBON; COWEETA (NORTH CAROLINA USA); DISCRIMINATION; ISOTOPE; SOIL WATER; WHITE PINE; WOOD TISSUE ID CARBON ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; TREES; PLANTATION; RESPONSES; LEAVES; RATIOS; RINGS; OZONE AB The relationships between annual wood tissue delta(13)C, growing season soil water potential, and basal area growth were studied in a mature, white pine (Pinus strobus) stand at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, in western North Carolina. In 1992, four bole-wood cores that spanned the years from 1980 to 1989 were extracted from each of ten equal-size, co-dominant white pine trees within the stand. The 1980s were a time of extreme climate with some of the hottest, driest, and wettest years recorded at Coweeta. Annual basal area growth ranged from 14.5 to 25.0 cm(2) . tree(-1). yr(-1), and modeled values of average growing season soil water potential ranged from -0.21 to -5.58 MPa, when measured to a depth of 60 cm. After correcting annual wood tissue delta(13)C for atmospheric changes in delta(13)C, carbon isotopic discrimination (Delta) ranged from 18.52 to 19.62 parts per thousand. The Delta of annual wood tissue was positively correlated with average growing season soil water potential (r(2) = 0.74, P = 0.0005, n = 10 growing seasons) and average annual basal area growth (r(2) = 0.78, P = 0.0002, n = 10 seasons). Basal area growth and growing season soil water potential were also correlated (r(2) = 0.64, P = 0.002, n = 10 seasons). These results suggest that annual wood tissue delta(13)C could potentially be useful in estimating historic changes in soil water potential and basal area growth in mature forest ecosystems. RP MCNULTY, SG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,RWU 4051,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,3160 COWEETA LAB RD,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 32 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 1995 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1581 EP 1586 DI 10.2307/1938159 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RE892 UT WOS:A1995RE89200019 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS MACKEY, B WU, L ZAMBRZUSKI, S AKOHOUE, S AF BANUELOS, GS MACKEY, B WU, L ZAMBRZUSKI, S AKOHOUE, S TI BIOEXTRACTION OF SOIL BORON BY TALL FESCUE SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID SELENIUM ACCUMULATION; PLANT-TISSUE; MODEL; SALINITY; TOXICITY; SALT; MECHANISMS; DIGESTION; REMOVAL; BARLEY AB High concentrations of soil B are detrimental to crop productivity in certain arid and semiarid regions of the western United States. Production of tall fescue on B-affected soils may be a viable strategy to reduce and maintain soil B concentrations at nontoxic levels for most agronomic crops. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to study B uptake in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Schreb, cv. Au Triumph grown in soil containing potentially toxic levels of native soil B. The soil B concentrations (water-extractable B greater than 5 mg B liter(-1)) did not affect the dry matter (DM) yield of tall fescue. Boron concentrations in shoot tissue for both years ranged from 88 to 121 mg B kg(-1) DM, whereas in root tissue, concentrations ranged from 50 to 60 mg B kg(-1) DM. For both years of the study, soil samples were taken at depth of 0-45 and 45-90 cm at the beginning and end of the designated growing season and analyzed for water-extractable B. Summary data from all cropped plots at the two soil depths indicated that the mean water-extractable B concentrations were reduced by 35% after 2 years in the tall fescue plots, whereas losses of extractable B from bare plots did not exceed 13% for both years. Tall fescue apparently can be used as a component in an overall strategy to lower extractable soil native B levels in irrigated agriculture soils and potentially reduce leaching of B into shallow ground water. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT ENVIRONM HORT, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, WATER MGMT RES LAB, 2021 S PEACH AVE, FRESNO, CA 93727 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1006/eesa.1995.1050 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA RG470 UT WOS:A1995RG47000003 PM 8521775 ER PT J AU IMAKAWA, K TAMURA, K MCGUIRE, WJ KHAN, S HARBISON, LA STANGA, JP HELMER, SD CHRISTENSON, RK AF IMAKAWA, K TAMURA, K MCGUIRE, WJ KHAN, S HARBISON, LA STANGA, JP HELMER, SD CHRISTENSON, RK TI EFFECT OF INTERLEUKIN-3 ON OVINE TROPHOBLAST INTERFERON DURING EARLY CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT SO ENDOCRINE LA English DT Article DE OVINE; ENDOMETRIUM; IL-3; CONCEPTUS; IFNR; PKC ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; GM-CSF; MESSENGER-RNAS; GROWTH-FACTORS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; INVITRO; SHEEP; BINDING; PREGNANCY AB The effect of interleukin-3 (IL-3) on conceptus production of ovine interferon tau (olFN tau) was examined using two dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE), western blot, northern/slot blot, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methodologies. Ovine conceptuses (day 17, n = 14) were cultured in vitro for 24 h in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) containing various doses of human recombinant interleukin-3 (hIL-3). At 75 and 150 colony forming units (units)/ml hIL-3, amounts of olFN tau released into the culture media increased 3-8-fold over controls while at 300 units/ml (60 pM), hIL-3 did not enhance olFN tau production. These variations in production of olFN tau paralleled amounts of olFN tau mRNA detected by northern and slot blot analyses. Ovine IL-3 mRNA was primarily localized at luminal and glandular epithelia with minor staining at stromal regions of uterine endometria collected from day 17 pregnant ewes but its polypeptide was localized in the luminal epithelial region. However, such signals were not detected in day 17 conceptuses. Ovine IL-3 mRNA and its polypeptide were also localized at the same regions of the endometrium obtained from cyclic ewes on days 8 and 12. The effect of hIL-3 on the enhancement of olFN tau production in vitro could be mimicked by the addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The present observations demonstrate that the hemopoietic cytokine, IL-3, stimulates conceptus production of olFN tau in vitro and that ovine IL-3 and its mRNA are localized in the maternal endometrium. These results suggest that a cytokine, IL-3, produced by the maternal endometrium, is involved in conceptus production of olFN tau which may result from the activation of a second messenger system, protein kinase C. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. ST FRANCIS REG MED CTR,DEPT SURG,WICHITA,KS 67214. RP IMAKAWA, K (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,SCH MED,WOMENS RES INST,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,WICHITA,KS 67214, USA. OI Helmer, Stephen/0000-0002-8760-7950 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0969-711X J9 ENDOCRINE JI Endocrine PD JUL PY 1995 VL 3 IS 7 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1007/BF02738826 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RM687 UT WOS:A1995RM68700007 PM 21153207 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR McMichael, BL Wanjura, DF AF Mahan, JR McMichael, BL Wanjura, DF TI Methods for reducing the adverse effects of temperature stress on plants: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review ID FLUORESCENCE FOLLOWING ILLUMINATION; CONSTANT LEAF TEMPERATURE; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; REAPPEARANCE; DEPENDENCE; MAINTENANCE; ADAPTATION; COTTON; ENZYME; WHEAT AB Thermal stresses adversely affect plant growth and development worldwide and the resultant reductions in yield limit profitability of agricultural production. The identification of an optimal thermal range provides a means for quantifying thermal stress experienced by a plant. The thermal dependence of apparent K-m and variable fluorescence are two procedures for estimating optimal thermal ranges. The ability of a plant to resist thermal stress can be increased through alteration of plant temperature and/or alteration of the optimal thermal range. Optimization of temperature can be accomplished through alteration of canopy architecture, optimization of plant root systems, and irrigation management based on plant temperature. Alteration of optimal thermal range of a species may be accomplished through breeding or molecular engineering methodologies. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(95)00011-6 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TL544 UT WOS:A1995TL54400001 ER PT J AU MCGURK, BJ FONG, DR AF MCGURK, BJ FONG, DR TI EQUIVALENT ROADED AREA AS A MEASURE OF CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF LOGGING SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CUMULATIVE EFFECT; CUMULATIVE WATERSHED EFFECT; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; LOGGING; EQUIVALENT ROADED AREA; AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ID CATCHMENT AB A watershed disturbance index developed by the USDA Forest Service called equivalent roaded area (ERA) was used to assess the cumulative effect from forest management in California's Sierra Nevada and Klamath mountain ranges. The basins' ERA index increased as logging and road-building occurred and then decreased over time as management ceased and vegetation recovered. A refinement of the standard index emphasized disturbances in sensitive, near-channel areas, and evaluated recovery periods of 20, 30, and 50 years. Shorter recovery periods yielded better correlations between recovering forest systems and aquatic response than the longer recovery period, as represented by ERA and diversity or dominance, respectively. The refined ERA index correlated more closely with macroinvertebrate dominance and diversity information that was available for part of the study period. A minimum ERA threshold of 5% was detected, below which no effect to the macroinvertebrate community was observed. Above this threshold, elevated ERA values were associated with a decline in macroinvertebrate diversity and an increase in dominance of the top five taxa. Use of an ERA technique that emphasizes near-channel areas and biological thresholds would contribute to the Forest Service's implementation of ecosystem management. C1 GOLDEN GATE NRA,USDI NATL PK SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94123. RP MCGURK, BJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 609 EP 621 DI 10.1007/BF02471972 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RC019 UT WOS:A1995RC01900012 ER PT J AU FULTON, JE THACKER, EL BACON, LD HUNT, HD AF FULTON, JE THACKER, EL BACON, LD HUNT, HD TI FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF AVIAN CLASS-I (BFIV) GLYCOPROTEINS BY EPITOPE TAGGING AND MUTAGENESIS IN-VITRO SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AVIAN CLASS I MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; MUTAGENESIS IN VITRO; FLAG EPITOPE ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; CHICKEN MHC; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; B-COMPLEX; EXPRESSION; RESIDUES; GENES; ANTIGENS; HLA-A2 AB Similarities between the physical structures of avian and mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I glycoproteins have been proposed based on comparative alignment of their amino acid sequences. To investigate the physical structure of the chicken class I glycoprotein; we cloned the cDNA representing the BFIV locus of the B21 haplotype. A unique, chimeric class I glycoprotein was constructed by incorporating an epitope tag (FLAG) at the N terminus. Monoclonal antibodies to the FLAG epitope served to monitor cell-surface expression for functional analysis of the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. The chimeric class I glycoprotein was expressed in target cells using an avian leukosis virus (ALV)-derived retrovirus vector (RCASBP). The presence of the FLAG epitope did not interfere with either alloantibody recognition or cytotoxic T lymphocyte interaction. Functional analysis employing site-directed mutagenesis identified BF amino acid residues forming serologic epitopes as well as residues important in antigen presentation to ALV-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes. BF residues 78 and 81, corresponding to HLA 79 and 82, form an antibody epitope with a slight effect on ALV antigen presentation, consistent with their predicted orientation based on the HLA-A2 crystal structure. Alignment of the BFIV21 sequence with previously published BFIV sequences revealed polymorphisms at position 34 (HLA 34), a monomorphic residue in HLA and H-2. Residue 34 is located in pocket B and is predicted to contact the main-chain carbon of peptides bound in HLA-A2. A site-directed substitution in BFIV residue 34 dramatically alters ALV antigen presentation by the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. These data indicate that the physical molecular structure of the chicken MHC class I glycoprotein is similar to HLA. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 25 IS 7 BP 2069 EP 2076 DI 10.1002/eji.1830250740 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA RH878 UT WOS:A1995RH87800039 PM 7621880 ER PT J AU HUANG, LL SHANG, F NOWELL, TR TAYLOR, A AF HUANG, LL SHANG, F NOWELL, TR TAYLOR, A TI DEGRADATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY OXIDIZED ALPHA-CRYSTALLINS IN BOVINE LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE UBIQUITIN; PROTEOLYSIS; LENS CRYSTALLIN; OXIDATION; CULTURED CELLS; AGING; CARBONYL; ISOELECTRIC POINT ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; OXIDANT-DAMAGED HEMOGLOBIN; CATARACT FORMATION; OXYGEN RADICALS; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; UBIQUITIN; PROTEASOME; OXIDATION; CYSTEINE; SYSTEM AB There is a growing consensus that altered proteins are more susceptible to degradation than native proteins. The enhancement of degradation of damaged proteins may be of significance since it prevents the accumulation of damaged proteins in cells. Several proteolytic pathways have been discovered in the lens. These include ATP-independent, ATP-dependent and ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathways. However, the extent of involvement of these proteolytic pathways in degradation of damaged proteins is not well described. alpha-Crystallin was oxidized by exposure to 0.03-3.2 mol (OH)-O-. (mel protein)(-1). Modifications to the oxidized alpha-crystallin and proteolytic susceptibility of the oxidized alpha-crystallin were studied. Exposure to > 0.32 mol(.)OH per mole of subunit produced aggregates and fragments of alpha-crystallin. Changes in isoelectric points of the proteins were observed after exposure to 0.64 mol (OH)-O-. (mel protein)(-1). The extent of loss of tryptophan and sulfhydryl groups was related to the level of (OH)-O-.-exposure. Carbonyl content increased progressively with increasing oxidation. When incubated with a supernatant of bovine lens epithelial cells, the (OH)-O-.-modified proteins were proteolytically degraded up to three times faster than untreated alpha-crystallin. ATP stimulated the degradation of native alpha-crystallin and alpha-crystallin which was exposed to 1.6 mol (OH)-O-. (mel subunit protein)(-1) (alpha 1.6). Sixty-seven per cent and 100% of the ATP-dependent degradation of native alpha-crystallin and alpha 1.6 was ubiquitin-dependent, respectively. The data indicate that alpha-crystallins oxidized by O-. are recognized and degraded rapidly by cytoplasmic proteolytic systems in bovine lens epithelial cells. Both ATP-independent and ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathways are involved in the degradation of native and oxidized alpha-crystallin. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU PHS HHS [522360] NR 52 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 61 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0014-4835(95)80057-3 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA RH510 UT WOS:A1995RH51000005 PM 7556469 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A JAHNGENHODGE, J SMITH, DE PALMER, VJ DALLAL, GE LIPMAN, RD PADHYE, N FREI, B AF TAYLOR, A JAHNGENHODGE, J SMITH, DE PALMER, VJ DALLAL, GE LIPMAN, RD PADHYE, N FREI, B TI DIETARY RESTRICTION DELAYS CATARACT AND REDUCES ASCORBATE LEVELS IN EMORY MICE SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DIETARY RESTRICTION; MICE; CATARACT; ASCORBATE; AGING; AGE ID MODELING CORTICAL CATARACTOGENESIS; FOOD RESTRICTION; VITAMIN-C; SENILE CATARACT; ACID; LENS; RATS; ANTIOXIDANTS; GLUTATHIONE; RETARDATION AB Dietary restriction can effectively extend lifespan and retard many age-related debilities. One hypothesis to explain the beneficial effects of dietary restriction is that it prolongs maintenance of cellular homeostasis by limiting endogenous oxidative stress and preserves oxidative defense mechanisms during aging. Ascorbate, a primary antioxidant, may play a major role in preventing oxidative damage. Ascorbate levels were determined in dietary restricted (R) and control (C) Emery mice, a strain which develops age-related cataract due in part to oxidative damage to lens proteins. Mice which consumed a diet restricted by 40% in calories had lower ascorbate concentrations in plasma, liver and kidney. Nevertheless, R animals showed significantly delayed progression of cataract which extended over the entire second half of life. The R diet did not result in different ascorbate levels in the lens. Aging was associated with a decrease in ascorbate in all the examined tissues except lens of both the R and C groups. It is not clear from these data that ascorbate is a prominent factor in the delay of cataract formation or other debilities in R Emery mice. However, it also appears unlikely that lens ascorbate is cataractogenic. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 CTR CLIN CATARACT RES, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. TUFTS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT OPHTHALMOL & BIOCHEM, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY-086] NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 EI 1096-0007 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 61 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0014-4835(95)80058-1 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA RH510 UT WOS:A1995RH51000006 PM 7556470 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG PUGH, GW AF STEVENS, MG PUGH, GW TI EFFECT OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS TRANSFER-FACTOR IN PREVENTING MURINE BRUCELLOSIS SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRUCELLA ABORTUS; MURINE BRUCELLOSIS; TRANSFER FACTOR ID DELAYED-HYPERSENSITIVITY; BALB/C MICE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIGEN; PROTEIN AB Mice vaccinated with a protein extract of attenuated Brucella abortus strain 19 had increased resistance to infection with virulent B. abortus strain 2308 and had increased antibody responses to strain 2308. However, resistance to infection and antibody responses were not increased when nonvaccinated recipient mice were given transfer factor preparations that were obtained from either vaccinated donor mice or strain 2308-infected donor mice. Vaccination of mice with the strain 19 extract plus treatment with each transfer factor preparation also did not further increase resistance to infection or antibody responses when compared with mice that received the vaccine alone. These results suggest that transfer factor from mice that have either vaccine-induced protective immunity to B. abortus or active B. abortus infections does not enhance antibody responses and resistance to infection with B. abortus. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 11 IS 4 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00157.x PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RT108 UT WOS:A1995RT10800004 PM 8541805 ER PT J AU KNIZE, MG SINHA, R ROTHMAN, N BROWN, ED SALMON, CP LEVANDER, OA CUNNINGHAM, PL FELTON, JS AF KNIZE, MG SINHA, R ROTHMAN, N BROWN, ED SALMON, CP LEVANDER, OA CUNNINGHAM, PL FELTON, JS TI HETEROCYCLIC AMINE CONTENT IN FAST-FOOD MEAT-PRODUCTS SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-AMINES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COOKING METHODS; FINNISH FOODS; COOKED-FOOD; MUTAGENICITY; CARCINOGENS; BEEF; 2-AMINO-3,4,8-TRIMETHYLIMIDAZO<4,5-F>QUINOXALINE; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE AB Heterocyclic aromatic amines are sometimes formed during the cooking of muscle meats, and their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects are of potential concern in the aetiology of human cancer. In a large survey of the heterocyclic amine content of foods, fried or charbroiled hamburgers, fried chicken, chicken breast sandwiches, fish sandwiches and breakfast sausages were purchased from fast-food restaurants. At least three different chains were visited per product and samples from five stores from each chain were pooled. The solid-phase extraction and HPLC method was used to analyse pooled samples for heterocyclic amine content and mutagenic activity with the Ames/Salmonella assay. Samples were analysed in a blind study which also contained quality control samples of two types, one high and one low in heterocyclic amine content and mutagenic activity. Results from the fast-food products showed undetectable levels of heterocyclic amines in 10 of 17 samples and only low levels [less than or equal to 1 ng/g total of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx)] in the remaining samples. Compared with literature values based primarily on laboratory and home cooking conditions, fast-food meat products appear to contribute only a small percentage of the estimated daily dietary intake of heterocyclic amines. C1 NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892. USDA ARS,BHNRC,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KNIZE, MG (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861, YO1CP2-0523-01] NR 27 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 33 IS 7 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(95)00025-W PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA RL884 UT WOS:A1995RL88400001 PM 7628789 ER PT J AU ZAHKA, GA BAGGETT, KL WONG, BL AF ZAHKA, GA BAGGETT, KL WONG, BL TI INOCULUM POTENTIAL AND OTHER VAM FUNGI PARAMETERS IN 4 SUGAR MAPLE FORESTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF STAND DIEBACK SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ACER SACCHARUM; MAPLE DIEBACK; POTASSIUM; SPORE ABUNDANCE; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; FOLIAR NUTRIENT STATUS; QUEBEC APPALACHIANS; COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; HARDWOOD FOREST; ACER-SACCHARUM; INFECTION UNIT; DECLINE; PHOSPHORUS; ROOTS AB The inoculum potential of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, spore abundance, and the VAM fungi colonization levels of young feeder roots in sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) were investigated in four Vermont sugar maple forest stands for which different levels of crown dieback status previously were estimated. Physical and chemical properties of soils were determined and the relationships between these properties and maple root colonization and spore abundance were investigated, Propagule densities, estimated by a greenhouse assay, ranged from 0.03 to 5.23 propagules g(-1) dry soil among four study sites and were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.704, P < 0.01) with VAM fungi colonization levels in maple roots. Colonization levels ranged from 9 to 30% of root length. The VAM fungi structures most frequently observed were intracellular coiled hyphae and arbuscules; vesicles were rarely seen. Counts of VAM fungi spores in the four forest soils ranged from 118 to 217 spores g(-1) dry soil. The most frequently occurring species at all four sites were Glomus rubiforme and Glomus fasciculatum. The site with the greatest crown dieback had the lowest viable propagule density and the lowest VAM fungi colonization levels in maple feeder roots, However, the two sites with relatively little dieback differed markedly in their VAM status. Therefore, no clear relationship between sugar maple VAM and forest dieback was indicated. Correlation and multiple regression analyses suggested that concentration of soil potassium was the key predictor for variations observed in colonization levels and for the occurrence of arbuscules in root cortex cells. Spore abundance was correlated with concentrations of soil available and reserve phosphorus and soil pH. The difference in concentrations of soil potassium between the two sites with little dieback might explain the considerable difference in mycorrhizal formation on those sites. C1 US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, BURLINGTON, VT 05402 USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1-3 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03536-J PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RQ458 UT WOS:A1995RQ45800013 ER PT J AU FALK, RH HERNANDEZ, R AF FALK, RH HERNANDEZ, R TI PERFORMANCE OF GLUED-LAMINATED TIMBER BEAMS OF EUROPEAN MANUFACTURE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The engineering performance of glued-laminated (glulam) timber beams manufactured from European Whitewood is presented. Evaluation of these European beams by American design methods (ASTM) and developing European standards (CEN) was made possible by the collection of information on specific material properties. This information provided the necessary link for comparing the performance of U.S. glulam beams to that of their European counterparts. Testing was performed to determine the strength and stiffness of laminating lumber, finger-joints, and full-size glulam beams. The beams constructed from the graded laminations exhibited properties that met or exceeded the requirements of CEN glulam combinations. A good estimate of beam strength and stiffness was obtained using CEN glulam property prediction equations. The use of mechanical property data collected specifically for use in ASTM procedures indicated that predicted beam strengths also compared well with actual beam test results. RP FALK, RH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RN982 UT WOS:A1995RN98200002 ER PT J AU SHRESTHA, D CRAMER, S WHITE, R AF SHRESTHA, D CRAMER, S WHITE, R TI SIMPLIFIED MODELS FOR THE PROPERTIES OF DIMENSION LUMBER AND METAL-PLATE CONNECTIONS AT ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID JOINTS AB Structural analysis of an assembly in a fire situation differs from conventional static analysis in that the mechanical properties of the components of the assembly vary with the exposure conditions and duration of exposure. A key factor in fire-endurance modeling of a structural assembly is the successful modeling of its component properties at the exposure environment. This paper introduces an efficient and simplified technique of modeling the mechanical properties of dimension lumber and metal-plate connectors at temperatures that prevail in the plenum area of protected roof/floor-ceiling assemblies. These models serve as a useful starting point for modeling the degradation of lumber and connections exposed to elevated temperatures, but further advancement of the models to better account for the complexities of lumber exposed to combined high temperatures and loads is warranted. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP SHRESTHA, D (reprint author), ROBBINS ENGN INC,POB 280055,TAMPA,FL 33682, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RN982 UT WOS:A1995RN98200003 ER PT J AU WINISTORFER, SG AF WINISTORFER, SG TI PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF DOWEL BEARING STRENGTH AND ANNULAR RING FASTENER ORIENTATION SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB The orientation of the fastener with respect to annular growth rings can affect the strength of laterally loaded wood connections. Connection properties are dependent on localized dowel bearing strength, which in turn is dependent on the specific gravity of the earlywood and latewood that constitute the annular rings. In the study reported here, dowel bearing strength was determined for matched specimens of three softwood species (southern pine, Douglas-fir/larch, and spruce-pine-fir) using a 0.131-inch-(3.33-mm-) diameter nail. Tests were conducted with the nail oriented radially and tangentially with respect to the annular rings. Specific gravity, percentage of latewood, and number of rings per inch were also determined for each specimen. Results illustrated that although the difference between radially and tangentially loaded dowel bearing strength can be significant, this difference is of no practical consequence. The combination of fastener size (in contact with many growth rings) and the relatively infrequent occurrence of very coarse- and flat-grained lumber resulted in nearly equal values of dowel bearing strength in the radial and tangential directions. Little correlation was found between dowel bearing strength and percentage of latewood or number of rings per inch. RP WINISTORFER, SG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RN982 UT WOS:A1995RN98200008 ER PT J AU WAGNER, JE CUBBAGE, FW REDMOND, CH AF WAGNER, JE CUBBAGE, FW REDMOND, CH TI COMPARING THE CAPITAL-ASSET PRICING MODEL AND CAPITAL-BUDGETING TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE TIMBER INVESTMENTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOREST; RISK AB This paper reviews the forestry applications of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and compares it to traditional Capital Budgeting (CB) techniques to analyze forestry investments. CAPM and CB criteria are computed for several forestry invest ment alternatives to compare the relative merits of each. Combining the methods will help analysts understand how forest assets are correlated to the general economy (as measured by an index of stock market activity) and may earn returns different from those suggested by using only CB analysis. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATLANTA,GA 30602. RP WAGNER, JE (reprint author), SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,320 BRAY HALL,1 FORESTRY DR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 69 EP 77 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RN982 UT WOS:A1995RN98200009 ER PT J AU HERNANDEZ, RE AF HERNANDEZ, RE TI EFFECT OF KNIFE CLAMP, LOG DIAMETER, AND SPECIES ON THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF PULP CHIPS PRODUCED BY CHIPPER-CANTER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PINE CHIPS; THICKNESS; CRMP; RMP AB Chipper-canters are designed to produce pulp chips and lumber in a single-pass operation with very low sawdust production. The performance of a new chipper-canter knife clamp for processing balsam fir and white spruce logs, with small diameters of 154 mm and 204 mm, was evaluated. Cutting width was held constant at the small log end but varied at the large log end between both diameter classes. Results show that under unfrozen wood conditions (10 degrees to 19 degrees C), chip size distribution is enhanced when using a knife clamp angle of 30 degrees and a distance between the knife edge and knife clamp edge of 18 mm. Compared to a standard knife clamp (angle of 22 degrees and distance of 22 mm), this improved setup increased the level of acceptable chips by a minimum of 1.8 to 3.4 percent of the total chips, depending on cutting height and species involved. These gains were principally obtained by reducing the chip thickness. Results also showed that with cutting width held more-or-less constant, chip thickness decreases as the cutting height decreases. The study also indicated that, under the same cutting conditions, balsam fir produced thinner chips and more fines than white spruce. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI. RP HERNANDEZ, RE (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL,DEPT WOOD & FOREST SCI,QUEBEC CITY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RN982 UT WOS:A1995RN98200011 ER PT J AU RICHTER, K FEIST, WC KNAEBE, MT AF RICHTER, K FEIST, WC KNAEBE, MT TI THE EFFECT OF SURFACE-ROUGHNESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FINISHES .1. ROUGHNESS CHARACTERIZATION AND STAIN PERFORMANCE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WEATHERING PERFORMANCE; WOOD AB In this study, the relationship between the morphological structure of the outside wood layer expressed as surface roughness, and the performance of coatings was analyzed. The surface roughness of five roughness categories (processed by planing, sanding, and bandsawing) on three wood substrates (vertical- and flat-grained western redcedar and flat-grained southern yellow pine) was determined by stylus tracer measurements. Several surface parameters were calculated to characterize the five roughness grades. Surface sanding proved to be an advantageous processing step prior to paint application. Sanded surfaces needed a relatively low quantity of paint for coverage and showed best paint performances even on low-grade wood. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. RP RICHTER, K (reprint author), EMPA,UBERLANDSTR 129,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. NR 24 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RN982 UT WOS:A1995RN98200012 ER PT J AU SEAMANS, TW HAMERSHOCK, DW BERNHARDT, GE AF SEAMANS, TW HAMERSHOCK, DW BERNHARDT, GE TI DETERMINATION OF BODY DENSITY FOR 12 BIRD SPECIES SO IBIS LA English DT Note C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP SEAMANS, TW (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI TRING PA C/O NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, SUB-DEPT ORNITHOLOGY, TRING, HERTS, ENGLAND HP23 6AP SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 1995 VL 137 IS 3 BP 424 EP 428 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA RK860 UT WOS:A1995RK86000022 ER PT J AU REINEMANN, DJ STETSON, LE AF REINEMANN, DJ STETSON, LE TI RESPONSE OF DAIRY-CATTLE TO TRANSIENT VOLTAGES AND MAGNETIC-FIELDS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Stray voltages in dairy facilities have been studied since the 1970's. Previous research using steady-state ac and de voltages has defined cow-contact voltage levels which may cause behavioral and associated production problems. This research was designed to address concerns over possible effects of transient voltages and magnetic fields on dairy cows. Dairy cow response to transient voltages and magnetic fields was measured. The waveforms of the transient voltages applied were: 5 cycles of 60-Hz ac with a total pulse time of 83 ms, 1 cycle of 60-Hz ac with a total pulse time of 16 ms, and 1 cycle of an ac square wave (spiking positive and negative) of 2-ms duration. Alternating magnetic fields were produced by passing 60-Hz ac fundamental frequency with 2nd and 3rd harmonic and random noise components in metal structures around the cows. The maximum magnetic field associated with this current how was in excess of 4 G. A wide range of sensitivity to transient voltages was observed among cows. Response levels from 24 cows to each transient exposure were normally distributed. No responses to magnetic fields were observed. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT AGR ENGN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PSYCHOL, HARLOW PRIMATE LAB, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP REINEMANN, DJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA, USDA ARS, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 708 EP 714 DI 10.1109/28.395275 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA RK302 UT WOS:A1995RK30200008 ER PT J AU TRIPLETT, BA TIMPA, JD AF TRIPLETT, BA TIMPA, JD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL-WALL POLYMERS FROM COTTON OVULE CULTURE FIBER CELLS BY GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE CELLULOSE; CELL WALL; COTTON FIBER; GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; GOSSYPIUM; OVULE CULTURE AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, Texas Marker-1) fiber cells originating from ovule culture have been analyzed by gel permeation chromatography of dimethyl acetamide/lithium chloride-soluble components and compared with in planta-grown fibers. The profile of cell-wall polymer molecular weights indicated that fibers grown for 21 d in culture more closely resembled fibers growing in planta for 30 d post-anthesis than fully mature fibers. The weight average molecular weight was 3 400 000 and number average molecular weight of polymers from ovule culture fibers was 109 000. Analysis of the polymer weight fraction distribution revealed that ovule culture fibers were similar to 30 d post-anthesis immature fibers but lacked a low molecular weight (log M 3-4) polymer fraction. Assessment of the polymer branching frequency showed that ovule culture fibers were intermediate in branching between 30 d post-anthesis fiber and mature in planta fiber. Ln summary, polymers deposited in cell walls of ovule culture fibers appear to grossly mimic the polymers accumulated during normal fiber biogenesis in planta, pet subtle differences may explain why ovule culture fibers rarely reach their full genetic potential in length. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA RQ172 UT WOS:A1995RQ17200010 ER PT J AU FEDORKACRAY, PJ KELLEY, LC STABEL, TJ GRAY, JT LAUFER, JA AF FEDORKACRAY, PJ KELLEY, LC STABEL, TJ GRAY, JT LAUFER, JA TI ALTERNATE ROUTES OF INVASION MAY AFFECT PATHOGENESIS OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN SWINE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; INDIGENOUS BACTERIA; FOODBORNE DISEASE; INTERNAL ORGANS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; TRANSLOCATION; MICE; VIRULENCE; COLONIZATION AB Transmission of Salmonella typhimurium in swine is traditionally believed to occur by the fecal-oral route, with invasion through the intestinal wall and Peyer's patches. However, involvement of the upper respiratory tract may be equally important, An esophagotomy was performed on 6- to 8-week-old pigs. Esophagotomized pigs were challenged intranasally with 10(9) CFU of S. typhimurium cells and necropsied at 3, 6, 12, and 18 h postinoculation (p.i.), By 3 h p.i., S. typhimurium was recovered from cecum, colon, head, and thoracic tissues and from the middle ileum involving a large number of Peyer's patches, The ileocolic lymph nodes and ileocolic junction were not positive for S. typhimurium until 6 and 12 h p.i., respectively. Additional pigs were inoculated transthoracically with 10(9) CFU of S. typhimurium and necropsied at 3 and 18 h p.i. By 3 h p.i., all tissues were positive for S. typhimurium. Tonsil explants seeded,vith 10(9) CFU of S. typhimurium indicated that within 6 h p.i., S. typhimurium was located within the tonsilar crypts. These data show that after intranasal inoculation, S. typhimurium rapidly appears in the gut tissues and suggest that the tonsils and lung may be important sites for invasion and dissemination of Salmonella species. C1 RUSSELL RES CTR,US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP FEDORKACRAY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 57 TC 140 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2658 EP 2664 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RE842 UT WOS:A1995RE84200038 PM 7790082 ER PT J AU ROBSON, KA MAZE, J AF ROBSON, KA MAZE, J TI A COMPARISON OF RARE AND COMMON GRASSES OF THE STIPEAE .1. GREENHOUSE STUDIES OF GROWTH AND VARIATION IN 4 SPECIES FROM PARAPATRIC POPULATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARLY OVULE DEVELOPMENT; HETEROZYGOSITY; ORGANIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; ABIES; MILL AB This is a comparative study of variation and growth rates between the widespread grasses Achnatherum (Stipa) lemmonii, Achnatherum (Stipa) thurberiana, and Achnatherum (Stipa) occidentale and their rare relative Achnatherum (Oryzopsis) hendersonii growing in shallow, frost-disturbed soils in central Washington. We assess two hypotheses: rare plants are less variable and do not compete as well as widespread plants. The former thesis will manifest itself in lower variation and more highly constrained integration; the latter by lower growth rates. The rare species usually has a lower growth rate and level of variation, especially in vegetative shoots, which are those most likely to affect survival. For reproductive shoots, A. hendersonii shows weaker integration in terms of the absolute level assessed, but integration appears stronger when relative levels are examined; the results for vegetative shoots are inconsistent. The lower growth rate of A. hendersonii may preclude its survival away from its typical habitat. The lower levels of variation may reflect selection at the native sites of A. hendersonii and thus contribute to its rarity. The lower level of variation in A. hendersonii contrasts with its local abundance at the study site, as compared with the more variable A. lemmonii, A. thurberiana, and A. occidentale. Local abundance combined with a low level of morphological variation may indicate A. hendersonii is genetically depauperate. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT BOT,RARE PLANT CONSORTIUM,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z4,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 156 IS 4 BP 530 EP 541 DI 10.1086/297276 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN578 UT WOS:A1995RN57800016 ER PT J AU VAREL, VH TANNER, RS WOESE, CR AF VAREL, VH TANNER, RS WOESE, CR TI CLOSTRIDIUM HERBIVORANS SP-NOV, A CELLULOLYTIC ANAEROBE FROM THE PIG INTESTINE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMB NOV; BACTERIA; CULTURE; ACIDS AB A new cellulolytic anaerobic clostridium was isolated from the intestinal tract of pigs, The single isolate was a gram-positive, motile rod, formed terminal to subterminal swollen sporangia, and required a fermentable carbohydrate for growth, Cellulose, cellobiose, maltose, starch, and glycogen supported growth, but glucose and fructose did not, The major end products from the fermentation of cellobiose were butyrate and formate; minor amounts of hydrogen and ethanol were also formed, Ruminal fluid (15%) or yeast extract (1%) was required for good growth. The optimum temperature for growth was 39 to 42 degrees C, and the optimum pH was 6.8 to 7.2, Cell lysis occurred rapidly once stationary growth was reached, A 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that the strain was related to a group of gram-positive anaerobes that includes Clostridium oroticum and the cellulolytic species Clostridium polysaccharolyticum and Clostridium populeti, The DNA base composition of the isolate is 38 mol% G + C. We propose the name Clostridium herbivorans for this organism; strain 54408 (= ATCC 49925) is the type strain. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP VAREL, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 45 IS 3 BP 490 EP 494 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RG937 UT WOS:A1995RG93700010 PM 8590675 ER PT J AU NORDBY, HE MCDONALD, RE AF NORDBY, HE MCDONALD, RE TI VARIATIONS IN CHILLING INJURY AND EPICUTICULAR WAX COMPOSITION OF WHITE GRAPEFRUIT WITH CANOPY POSITION AND FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT DURING THE SEASON SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GRAPEFRUIT; CHILLING INJURY; TRITERPENES ID MARSH GRAPEFRUIT; LOW-TEMPERATURE; TRITERPENOIDS AB 'White grapefruit from interior and exterior tree canopy positions were harvested monthly over an 8-month season, and their epicuticular wax composition and susceptibility to chilling injury during cold storage were determined. Chilling injury was quite pronounced during the entire season in exterior canopy and to a far less degree in interior canopy fruit when stored at 5 degrees C. Fruit from both canopy positions stored at 15 degrees C were free of chilling injury. Levels of wax, as measured by gas chromatography, increased throughout the season but at a more rapid rate and to higher levels in exterior canopy fruit. Levels of total wax increased greatly in fruit from both canopies when the fruit were stored at 15 degrees C, indicating that, in grapefruit, chilling injury is not directly related to the level of total epicuticular wax. The seasonal and 15 degrees C stored fruit increases were most pronounced in the aldehyde, alkane, and linear alcohol wax fractions and less in the triterpene fraction. Chromatograms of the exterior and interior canopy fruit triterpene fractions were quite different, indicating possible relationships of triterpenes, sun exposure, and chilling injury. The sun-exposed and shaded sides of exterior canopy grapefruit were assayed for chilling injury development and relative percentages of components in the triterpene fraction of the wax. Four major triterpenols were greater on sun-exposed surfaces compared with shaded surfaces, while six triterpenones showed the reverse trend. Ratios of the 10 triterpenes in exterior versus interior canopy grapefruit mirrored the respective ratios of 10 triterpenes in sun-exposed and shaded sides of the fruit, indicating that triterpenes may interact with sunlight and possibly alter the susceptibility of grapefruit to chilling injury. RP NORDBY, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1828 EP 1833 DI 10.1021/jf00055a015 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RK921 UT WOS:A1995RK92100015 ER PT J AU BUTTERY, RG LING, LC AF BUTTERY, RG LING, LC TI VOLATILE FLAVOR COMPONENTS OF CORN TORTILLAS AND RELATED PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CORN TORTILLA; MASA; TACO; VOLATILES; FLAVOR; IDENTIFICATION; CONCENTRATIONS; ODOR THRESHOLD AB The volatile components of tortilla type corn products, masa flour, corn tortillas, taco shells, and tortilla chips, were isolated by high-now dynamic headspace sampling (including closed loop stripping) with Tenax trapping. Separation and identification were carried out by capillary GC-MS. Major components identified in the masa flour include hexanal, pentanol, 4-vinylguaiacol, 2-aminoacetophenone and vanillin. Major components identified in tortillas include 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), hexanal, 2-aminoacetophenone, and 4-vinylguaiacol. In addition to the above, major components identified in taco shells and tortilla chips include pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,4-decadienal, and 2-acetyltetrahydropyridine. Odor threshold studies indicated that compounds with high probabilities of contributing to the aroma of tortillas include 2-aminoacetophenone, beta-ionone, 3-methylbutanal, 4-vinylguaiacol, hexanal, and 1-octen-3-ol. Compounds with high probabilities of contributing to taco shell aroma include 2,4-decadienal, 2-aminoacetophenone, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-nonenal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-acetyltetrahydropyridines, and 3-(methylthio)propanal (methional). RP BUTTERY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 10 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1878 EP 1882 DI 10.1021/jf00055a023 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RK921 UT WOS:A1995RK92100023 ER PT J AU PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W GATES, RA AF PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W GATES, RA TI NITROSAMINE FORMATION AND PENETRATION IN HAMS PROCESSED IN ELASTIC RUBBER NETTINGS - N-NITROSODIBUTYLAMINE AND N-NITROSODIBENZYLAMINE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NITROSAMINES; CURED MEATS; RUBBER; AMINES ID VOLATILE NITROSAMINES; NITROSOMORPHOLINE; GENOTOXICITY; MORPHOLINE AB N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) was previously detected on the outer surface of commercial boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. More recently, N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA) has been reported in boneless ham products, reflecting a change in the formulation of the rubber used in the manufacture of the nettings. As a result, a study was carried out on the penetration of these two nitrosamines and their secondary amine precursors into hams. Most of the NDBA and NDBzA was detected in the first 0.5 in. from the surface, with a marked drop off (67-75%) after the first 0.25 in., indicating that the nitrosamines were formed at the product surface in contact with the elastic rubber netting. Detectable levels of both nitrosamines were found at a depth of 1.25 in. A gradual rather than a sharp decline was noted for both amines, DBA and DBzA, after the first 0.25 in. A comparison of NDBzA values on the outer surface of the ham versus a center slice was also made. RP PENSABENE, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1919 EP 1922 DI 10.1021/jf00055a030 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RK921 UT WOS:A1995RK92100030 ER PT J AU BENNETT, LL HAMMOND, AC WILLIAMS, MJ KUNKLE, WE JOHNSON, DD PRESTON, RL MILLER, MF AF BENNETT, LL HAMMOND, AC WILLIAMS, MJ KUNKLE, WE JOHNSON, DD PRESTON, RL MILLER, MF TI PERFORMANCE, CARCASS YIELD, AND CARCASS QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF STEERS FINISHED ON RHIZOMA PEANUT (ARACHIS GLABRATA)-TROPICAL GRASS PASTURE OR CONCENTRATE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; BEEF; FORAGE; FEEDING; ARACHIS GLABRATA; SUBTROPICAL CROPS ID HIGH-ENERGY DIET; BEEF; FORAGE; GRAIN; ACCEPTABILITY AB Steers (n = 156) finished on rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.)-tropical grass pasture in Florida and slaughtered at Central Packing, Center Hill were compared with steers (n = 152) finished on a concentrate diet in Texas and slaughtered at Excel, Plainview. Average daily gain during the growing and finishing periods was lower (P < .001) for forage-finished steers (.49 and .94 kg/d, respectively) than for concentrate-finished steers (.78 and 1.33 kg/d, respectively). Forage-finished steers had less fat over the ribeye (8.3 vs 11.4 mm; P < .01), lighter hot carcass weight (280 vs 346 kg; P < .001), and smaller longissimus muscle area (70.8 vs 86.6 cm(2); P < .001) than concentrate-finished steers. Yield grade was not different (2.7 vs 2.6; P > .10), but quality grade was slightly better (low Select vs mid Select; P < .01) for concentrate-finished steers. Lean color of forage-finished steers was darker (P < .001) and fat of forage-finished steers had a creamier color (P < .001), but carcasses were not discounted due to yellow fat color. Shear force values were higher(6.8 vs 4.0 kg; P < .001) for forage-finished than for concentrate-finished steers. Off-flavors were detected by trained sensory panelists in 36% of forage-finished and 14% of concentrate-finished carcasses, but all at barely detectable levels. This research indicates that steers can be finished on rhizoma peanut-tropical grass pastures, but with some reduction in quality grade relative to concentrate-finished steers. Fat color and off-flavor problems often associated with forage-finishing do not seem to be major concerns when steers are finished on rhizoma peanut. However, dark lean color and poor tenderness of carcasses may reduce beef quality produced on this forage. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1881 EP 1887 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RH253 UT WOS:A1995RH25300001 PM 7592069 ER PT J AU GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC (CO)VARIANCES FOR GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS OF PUREBRED AND COMPOSITE POPULATIONS OF BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; GROWTH; CARCASS; HERITABILITIES; GENETIC CORRELATION; PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION AB Least squares means, genetic (sigma(g)), and phenotypic (sigma(p)) standard deviations, and phenotypic coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated on an age-constant basis for growth, carcass, and meat traits of castrate males from 12 breed groups combined, for 9 purebreds combined, and for the F-3 generation of three composite populations combined to which the nine purebreds contributed. Also, heritabilities (h(2)) and genetic (r(g)) and phenotypic (r(p)) correlations were estimated among growth, carcass, and meat traits for all breed groups combined involving 1,594 individuals that were the progeny of 306 sires (214 purebred and 92 composites). Coefficients of variation and sigma(g) generally were similar for composites and contributing purebreds for growth and size-related traits. For traits relating to carcass tenderness, juiciness, and flavor were below .30. composition and meat quality, means, sigma(p), or CV for composites and contributing purebreds generally were similar. Generally, estimates of sigma(g) and h(2) were similar among all breed groups combined, contributing purebreds combined, and composites combined. Generally, r(g) were high among all measures of carcass fat, indicating major difficulty in achieving a high percentage of retail product simultaneously with a high fat content of the longissimus muscle that is required for carcass quality grade. Generally, r(p) were of smaller magnitude than r(g). All r(p) of marbling score or percentage of ether-extracted fat in the longissimus muscle with all end-use properties relating to palatability including shear force, and sensory evaluation of tenderness, juiciness, and flavor were below .30. RP GREGORY, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 10 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1920 EP 1926 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RH253 UT WOS:A1995RH25300006 PM 7592074 ER PT J AU MCNEEL, RL MERSMANN, HJ AF MCNEEL, RL MERSMANN, HJ TI BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR SUBTYPE TRANSCRIPTS IN PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; ADIPOSE TISSUE; BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; HEART; LUNGS; RATS ID HUMAN BETA-2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BETA-1-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA-3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; GENE; CELLS; WHITE; SWINE AB Expression of transcripts for beta(1)-, beta(2)-, and beta(3)-adrenergic receptors (beta(1)-AR, beta(2)-AR, and beta(3)-AR, respectively) was investigated in porcine tissues. Northern blot analysis of total RNA indicated hybridization of the rat beta(1)-AR probe to transcripts of approximately 3.0-kb in heart and lung and 2.9-kb in perirenal, omental, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Hybridization of the hamster beta(2)-AR probe with total RNA revealed transcripts of approximately 1.8-kb in the heart, 2.0-kb in the lung, and 2.0-kb in perirenal, omental, and subcutaneous adipose tissue; a minor transcript of 1.8-kb was also observed in the perirenal tissue. Northern blot analysis of poly (A(+)) RNA from porcine adipose tissue with the mouse beta(3)-AR probe revealed no detectable signals in heart and lung but detected a major 2.2-kb transcript and a minor 1.9-kb transcript in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The expression of porcine beta(1)-AR and beta(2)-AR transcripts was compared in perirenal, omental, and subcutaneous adipose depots. The expression of beta(1)-AR transcripts was four to five times greater in the perirenal depot than in the omental depot and two to three times greater in the subcutaneous depot than in the omental depot. The expression of beta(2)-AR mRNA seemed to be the same in all three depots. RP MCNEEL, RL (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1962 EP 1971 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RH253 UT WOS:A1995RH25300012 PM 7592080 ER PT J AU LU, CD POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ SU, DR KROOK, J HARRIS, JJ SAVELL, JW AF LU, CD POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ SU, DR KROOK, J HARRIS, JJ SAVELL, JW TI DIETARY-FAT AND CHOLESTEROL IN YOUNG-ADULT BOARS GENETICALLY SELECTED FOR HIGH OR LOW PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL - RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL; FAT; DIET; GENETICS; PIGS ID LOW SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; SWINE; PIGS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; GENERATIONS AB Twenty-eight young adult boars (age 7 to 8 mo) genetically selected for four generations for high (HG) or low (LG) plasma cholesterol were studied to assess dietary and genetic effects and their interactions on cholesterol metabolism. Boars within a genetic group were paired according to their plasma ne cholesterol concentration at 8 wk of age and were fed for 15 wk (2.7 kg/d) one of two diets (16.5% fat and 1,156 mg of cholesterol/kg diet, HD; or 3.1% fat and O cholesterol diet, LD) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Plasma total cholesterol (P <.01) and HDL-cholesterol (P <.01) concentrations were higher in boars fed HS (P <.01) and in HG boars (P <.01). There was a trend toward a diet x genotype interaction for plasma HDL-cholesterol (P <.06). Plasma insulin concentration tended to be lower in boars fed HD (P <.09) or HG boars (P <.10). There was a diet X genotype interaction for plasma glucagon (P <.04) concentration and a trend toward an interaction for insulin (P <.07). After 15 wk, all boars were killed by electrocution and exsanguination and measurements were taken. Backfat thickness was greater (P <.01) and carcass length (P <.01) and weight's of the four lean cuts (P <.02) were lower in LG than in HG boars. No microscopic atherosclerotic plaques were observed in aorta or coronary arteries. Cholesterol concentration in subcutaneous fat was lower (P <.04) in LG boars, suggesting that cholesterol content of depot fat can be reduced by genetic selection in swine. C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. BEEF COUNCIL,AUSTIN,TX 78731. RI Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2043 EP 2049 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RH253 UT WOS:A1995RH25300021 PM 7592089 ER PT J AU SHORT, RE FORD, SP GRINGS, EE KRONBERG, SL AF SHORT, RE FORD, SP GRINGS, EE KRONBERG, SL TI ABORTIFACIENT RESPONSE AND PLASMA VASOCONSTRICTIVE ACTIVITY AFTER FEEDING NEEDLES FROM PONDEROSA PINE TREES TO CATTLE AND SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; SHEEP; PINUS PONDEROSA; PINE NEEDLES; ABORTION ID PREGNANCY; INVITRO; GOATS; COWS AB Consumption of needles from Pinus ponderosa (PN) during late pregnancy causes cattle, but not sheep, to abort. This differential response may be caused by differences in ruminal mircoflora or postabsorptive meatabolism. Pine needles were fed (2 kg . d(-1) or .4 kg . ewe(-1). d(-1) mixed with corn silage. In Exp. 1, cows were assigned at 250 d of pregnancy to feed treatments (T): 1) silage, 2) PN+ silage, or 3) pretreated with sheep ruminal fluid and fed PN+ silage. Interval to parturition was 34.3, 11.3, and 8.3 d for the T1, T2, and T3, respectively (T1 vs T2 + T3, P >.01; T2 vs T3, P>.5). Inoculation with sheep ruminal fluid did not alter activity of the abortifacient agent of PN. In Exp. 2, pregnant and nonpregnant ewes and cows were fed silage or PN mixed with silage, and plasma was analyzed for uterine vasoconstrictive activity in an in vitro placentome perfusion bioassay. Consumption of PN decreased interval to parturition in cattle (P<.01) but not in sheep (P<.05) in plasma form nonpregnant and pregnant cows and ewes. The PN-fed ewes had a greater incidence of dead lambs at parturition (0/8 vs 5/8 for control vs PN-fed, P<.01). We conclude that pregnancy is not required for increased vasoconstrictive activity induced by pine needles, that sheep and cattle do not differ in ruminal metabolism of the abortifacient compounds in PN, and that species differences are subtle and due to postdigestive differences in response to the abortifacient agent. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. RP SHORT, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,RT 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2102 EP 2104 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RH253 UT WOS:A1995RH25300029 PM 7592097 ER PT J AU LITTLEDIKE, ET WITTUM, TE JENKINS, TG AF LITTLEDIKE, ET WITTUM, TE JENKINS, TG TI EFFECT OF BREED, INTAKE, AND CARCASS COMPOSITION ON THE STATUS OF SEVERAL MACRO AND TRACE MINERALS OF ADULT BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COPPER; ZINC; CALCIUM; INTAKE; CARCASS; BREEDS ID COPPER; ZINC; MAGNESIUM; SERUM; COWS AB The objective was to determine the association between breed, intake, and carcass composition and the status of liver Cu, Zn, and Fe, and serum Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg of 118 mature cows representing nine breeds of cattle. Breeds used were Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Poll, Pinzgauer, and Simmental. The cows were fed one of four levels of DMI: 58, 76, 93, and 111 g of DMI . wt(-.75). d(-1). A ground alfalfa, corn, and corn silage diet was fed for up to 5 yr. There was no relationship between liver and serum concentrations of Cu, a negative correlation (P <.05) existed between liver and serum concentrations of Zn and a positive correlation (P <.01) existed between liver concentrations of Cu and Zn. Concentrations of serum Ca were positively correlated (Cu and Zn, P <.01; Mg, P <.05) with serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mg, but negatively correlated (P <.01) with liver Fe. Liver Cu was higher (P <.05) for the Limousin breed than all others, except Angus. Liver Zn concentrations were higher(P <.05) for Limousin than for Pinzgauer, but no other breed differences were observed. Liver Cu concentration was not affected by daily intake, but liver Zn concentration increased (P <.05) with increased daily intake. Liver Fe concentration decreased (P <.01) in a curvilinear manner with increased daily intake. No breed differences in serum concentrations of Cu or Zn were observed. Serum Ca concentrations were higher (P <.05) for Angus, Red Poll, and Limousin than for Simmental, and Red Poll had higher (P <.05) concentrations of serum Ca than for Braunvieh. Serum Mg concentrations (P <.05) were higher for Angus than for Hereford. Serum Zn and Ca were not affected by daily intake, and serum Cu was a quadratic function of intake (P <.05). There was a stronger association of carcass lipid (percentage) with liver and serum Cu concentrations (P <.01) than existed between carcass protein (percentage) and liver and serum Cu concentrations (P <.05). These results indicate that breed differences may exist in Cu metabolism. Liver Cu and serum Cu concentrations were not related, carcass composition was associated with Cu concentrations in both liver and serum, liver Cu and Zn were,positively correlated, increased intake was associated with increased liver Zn, decreased liver Fe, and no change in liver Cu. RP LITTLEDIKE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2113 EP 2119 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RH253 UT WOS:A1995RH25300031 PM 7592099 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DP Lightfield, AR AF Schwartz, DP Lightfield, AR TI Practical screening procedures for sulfamethazine and N-4-acetylsulfamethazine in milk at low parts-per-billion levels SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Relatively simple and inexpensive procedures for screening milk for sulfamethazine (SMZ) and one of its metabolites, N-4-acetylsulfamethazine (ASMZ), are detailed. Both methods detect at the low parts-per-billion level and are suitable for both field and laboratory use. Milk is passed over Chromosorb 102, which adsorbs SMZ. The drug is eluted and purified by direct passage of the effluent over small beds of buffered anion-exchange resins and alumina and is finally isolated and detected colorimetrically. For ASMZ, the procedure is modified so that SMZ is removed in the purification steps. The isolated ASMZ is then hydrolyzed to SMZ for detection. Application of the methods 5 years apart (1988 and 1993) shows that SMZ is still being used but to a lesser extent in 1993. Of over 250 samples screened in the 2 studies, only 2 were estimated to contain SMZ at 10 ppb, and the majority contained SMZ at 1 ppb. ASMZ was detected in a number of samples that were negative for SMZ. RP Schwartz, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 967 EP 970 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV257 UT WOS:A1995TV25700012 PM 7580337 ER PT J AU HarikKhan, R Moats, WA AF HarikKhan, R Moats, WA TI Identification and measurement of beta-lactam antibiotic residues in milk: Integration of screening kits with liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN-G; CLEANUP AB A procedure for identifying and quantitating violative beta-lactams in milk is described, This procedure integrates beta-lactam residue detection kits with the multiresidue automated liquid chromatographic (LC) cleanup method developed in our laboratory. Spiked milk was deproteinized, extracted, and subjected to reversed-phase LC using a gradient program that concentrated the beta-lactams. Amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephapirin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, and penicillin G were, thus, separated into 5 fractions that were subsequently tested for activity by using 4 kits, beta-lactams in the positive fractions were quantitated by analytical LC methods developed in our laboratory, The LC cleanup method separated beta-lactam antibiotics from each other and from interferences in the matrix and also concentrated the antibiotics, thus increasing the sensitivity of the kits to the beta-lactam antibiotics. The procedure facilitated the task of identifying and measuring the beta-lactam antibiotics that may be present in milk samples. RP HarikKhan, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 978 EP 986 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV257 UT WOS:A1995TV25700014 PM 7580339 ER PT J AU Reamer, R Dey, BP Thaker, N AF Reamer, R Dey, BP Thaker, N TI Cryopreservation of bacterial vegetative cells used in antibiotic assay SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A long-term cryopreservation study of vegetative cells of Micrococcus lutea ATCC 9341a, Micrococcus lutea ATCC 15957, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 cells, used in our antibiotic bioassay procedure, was conducted, The cryoprotective abilities of 1% methylcellulose solution and a 15% glycerol solution at -14 degrees C were determined. More organisms remained viable in 1% methylcellulose than in 15% glycerol. Overall survival of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 365 days was 1.5 logs lower than the other 2 organisms. The sensitivity and the resistance of the preserved organisms to various antibiotics did not change. The methodology is simple and inexpensive, saves analytical time, and avoids risk of contamination and sudden loss of a well-characterized culture. RP Reamer, R (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV MICROBIOL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1001 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV257 UT WOS:A1995TV25700017 PM 7580342 ER PT J AU Rice, LG Ross, PF Dejong, J Plattner, RD Coats, JR AF Rice, LG Ross, PF Dejong, J Plattner, RD Coats, JR TI Evaluation of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of fumonisins in corn, poultry feed, and Fusarium culture material SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; PULMONARY-EDEMA; ANIMAL HEALTH; MONILIFORME; SCREENINGS; SWINE AB The performance of a liquid chromatographic method for determining fumonisins in corn, animal feeds, and culture material was evaluated. Efficiencies of extractions with the following solvent systems were determined: acetonitrile-water (50 + 50, v/v), methanol-water (75 + 25, v/v), and 100% water. The acetonitrile solvent gave both higher extraction efficiencies and faster extraction times than the other 2 solvents. Extraction was followed by C-18 solid-phase extraction column cleanup. Fumonisin B-1 (FB1), fumonisin B-2 (FB2), and fumonisin B-3 (FB3) were measured by precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde followed by isocratic separation on a C-18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.3)-acetonitrile (60 + 40). Commercially prepared poultry feed, corn, and Fusarium spp. corn cultures were analyzed at the following levels: FB1, 1.5 to 15 000 mu g/g; FB2, 0.5 to 4000 mu g/g; FB3, and 0.17 to 1 500 mu g/g. Recoveries were 91-94%, 90-100%, and 81-93% for FB1, FB2, and FB3, respectively. Precision (coefficient of variation) was determined with pooled field samples and ranged from 2% at 19 mu g/g for FB1 to 9% at 0.17 mu g/g for FE(3). Time and pH studies of the formation of the fluorescent derivative and its stability were conducted. Complete reaction occurred at pHs above 7.9, with optimal pH for chromatography between 8.0 and 8.5. No statistically significant response differences were detected for reaction times ranging from 4 to 40 min; however, the detector signal was significantly reduced when reaction times were shorter than 4 min. Chromatograms of samples were free of interferences for all feeds, corn, and culture material tested. Quantitation limits for the 3 fumonisins were of the same magnitude and were estimated to be 0.1 mu g/g for FB1 and 0.2 mu g/g for FB2 and FB3. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP Rice, LG (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1002 EP 1009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV257 UT WOS:A1995TV25700018 PM 7580311 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Springer, J Defize, PR DeKoe, WJ Coker, R AF Whitaker, TB Springer, J Defize, PR DeKoe, WJ Coker, R TI Evaluation of sampling plans used in the United States, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands to test raw shelled peanuts for aflatoxin SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EXPORT MARKET; VARIABILITY AB The United States is a large producer and exporter of peanuts, The United Kingdom and The Netherlands are major importers of U.S. peanuts, Each country has a different guideline or legal limit for peanut products containing aflatoxin, Peanuts are tested for aflatoxin in each country by using specifically designed aflatoxin sampling plans to determine if the aflatoxin concentration in a lot of raw shelled peanuts is less than the guideline or legal limit, For raw shelled peanuts, the U.S. plan has the highest sample acceptance limit of 15 ng total aflatoxin/g, the UK plan has a sample acceptance limit of 10 ng total aflatoxin/g, and the Dutch Code of Practice (called the Dutch plan) has the lowest sample acceptance limit at 3 ng aflatoxin B-1/g. The U.S. plan uses a maximum of 3 sampling units, each weighing 21.8 kg; the UK plan uses a single sampling unit of 10 kg; and the Dutch plan uses 4 sampling units, each weighing 7.5 kg, The sampling variance is lowest for the U.S. plan and highest for the Dutch plan. The sample preparation variance is lowest for both the Dutch and UK plans and highest for the U.S. plan, primarily because of the mill type used to comminute the kernels in the sample. For a given distribution among lot concentrations, the U.S. plan accepts the greatest number of lots and the Dutch plan rejects the greatest number of lots, The average aflatoxin concentration among accepted lots is highest for the U.S. plan and lowest for the Dutch plan, The U.S. plan accepts the greatest number of good lots, whereas the Dutch plan rejects the greatest number of bad lots, The Dutch plan rejects the greatest number of good lots, whereas the U.S. plan rejects the lowest number of good lots, The Dutch plan accepts the lowest number of bad lots, whereas the UK plan accepts the greatest number of bad lots. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. TNO,INST APPL PHYS,CTR APPL STAT,2600 GA DELFT,NETHERLANDS. HLTH PROTECT,2280 HV RIJSWIJK,NETHERLANDS. NAT RESOURCES INST,FOOD SAFETY SECT,MYCOTOXINS GRP,CHATHAM ME4 4TB,KENT,ENGLAND. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,BOX 7625,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1018 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV257 UT WOS:A1995TV25700019 PM 7580312 ER PT J AU Holland, DC Munns, RK Roybal, JE Hurlbut, JA Long, AR AF Holland, DC Munns, RK Roybal, JE Hurlbut, JA Long, AR TI Liquid chromatographic determination of simazine, atrazine, and propazine residues in catfish SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; HERBICIDES; GROUNDWATER; EXTRACTION; PESTICIDES; DRINKING AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the simultaneous determination of the triazine herbicides, simazine (SIM), atrazine (ATZ), and propazine (PRO) in the 12.5-100 ppb range in catfish. The herbicides are extracted from catfish homogenates with ethyl acetate, followed by solvent partitioning between acetonitrile and petroleum ether and additional cleanup on a C-18 cartridge. A Supelcosil LC-18-DB column is used for LC separation, and UV determination is at 220 nm. The isocratic mobile phase is a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, and water. Mean recoveries from catfish were 88.7, 96.9, and 91.7%; standard deviations were 6.84, 7.78, and 6.26%; and coefficients of variation were 7.72, 8.03, and 6.82% for SIM, ATZ, and PRO, respectively. RP Holland, DC (reprint author), USDA,ANIM DRUGS RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1067 EP 1071 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV257 UT WOS:A1995TV25700027 PM 7580319 ER PT J AU Hopper, ML King, JW Johnson, JH Serino, AA Butler, RJ AF Hopper, ML King, JW Johnson, JH Serino, AA Butler, RJ TI Multivessel supercritical fluid extraction of food items in total diet study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; SEPARATION; PESTICIDES; FATS AB An off-line, large capacity, multivessel supercritical fluid extractor (SFE) was designed and constructed for extraction of large samples, The extractor can simultaneously process 1-6 samples (15-25 g) by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), which is relatively nontoxic and nonflammable, as the solvent extraction medium, Lipid recoveries for the SFE system were comparable to those obtained by blending or Soxhlet extraction procedures, Extractions at 10 000 psi, 80 degrees C, expanded gaseous CO2 flow rates of 4-5 L/min (35 degrees C), and 1-3 h extraction times gave reproducible lipid recoveries for pork sausage (relative standard deviation [RSD], 1.32%), corn chips (RSD, 0.46%), cheddar cheese (RSD, 1.14%), and peanut butter (RSD, 0.44%), In addition, this SFE system gave reproducible recoveries (>93%) for butter fortified with cis-chlordane and malathion at the 100 ppm and 0.1 ppm levels, Six portions each of cheddar cheese, saltine crackers, sandwich cookies, and ground hamburger also were simultaneously extracted with SC-CO2 and analyzed for incurred pesticide residues, Results obtained with this SFE system were reproducible and comparable with results from organic-solvent extraction procedures currently used in the Total Diet Study; therefore, use and disposal of large quantities of organic solvents can be eliminated. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. US FDA,WINCHESTER ENGN & ANALYT CTR,WINCHESTER,MA 01890. RP Hopper, ML (reprint author), US FDA,TOTAL DIET RES CTR,POB 15905,LENEXA,KS 66285, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1072 EP 1079 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV257 UT WOS:A1995TV25700028 PM 7580320 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI INFLUENCE OF ACETIC-ACID ON REGROWTH OF DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA FROM ROOT CROWNS SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT; PHYTOTOXIN; DRAWDOWN AB Sediments may contain numerous compounds resulting from anaerobic degradation of organic matter, including acetic acid which has been shown to reduce viability of vegetative propagules. Root crowns of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) were exposed to acetic acid concentrations of 0, 17, 44, 87, 174, and 348 mmol/L for 24 h. Acetic acid concentrations which produced a 50% reduction in growth (measured by dry weight, shoot length, or number of new shoots) ranged from 9 to 26 mmol/L. It may be possible to use a dilute acetic acid solutions to treat exposed hydrilla plants during drawdown. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,WEED SCI PROGRAM,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 33 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RH638 UT WOS:A1995RH63800007 ER PT J AU Grossman, S Kartschall, T Kimball, BA Hunsaker, DJ LaMorte, RL Garcia, RL Wall, GW Pinter, PJ AF Grossman, S Kartschall, T Kimball, BA Hunsaker, DJ LaMorte, RL Garcia, RL Wall, GW Pinter, PJ TI Simulated responses of energy and water fluxes to ambient atmosphere and free-air carbon dioxide enrichment in wheat SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; energy balance; FACE; wheat; evapotranspiration ID TEMPERATURE AB Increased ambient carbon dioxide has been associated with CO2-induced stomatal closure which affects growth and evapotranspiration of crop canopies. This results in changes of the energy balance components of the soil-plant-atmosphere system. The agroecosystem wheat model DEMETER was linked to a soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer module which includes the energy balance of the crop canopy and the energy balance of the soil surface. Thus, it was possible to calculate evapotranspiration, canopy temperature and the changed ratio of sensible and latent heat fluxes in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) technique provided a largely undisturbed regime for atmospheric exchange. During the FACE wheat experiment at Maricopa in 1992-93, the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on energy balance and evapotranspiration of the wheat canopy at about 350-370 mu mol/mol (control) and 550 mu mol/mol (FACE) were investigated. The recorded data were used for model validation. Diurnal trends of all energy balance components and the canopy temperature were simulated for FACE and control conditions using hourly weather data. Results were compared with the observed data on 16 March 1993. Simulated cumulative seasonal evapotranspiration was found in good accordance to the observed one. Consistent with observations, the simulations suggest that there was a small reduction in evapotranspiration of about 4%. Of course, with the observed increases in growth, there were even larger increases in water use efficiency. C1 US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,USDA ARS,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. LI COR INC,LINCOLN,NE 68504. RP Grossman, S (reprint author), POTSDAM INST CLIMATE IMPACT RES,POB 601203,D-14412 POTSDAM,GERMANY. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 601 EP 609 DI 10.2307/2845961 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UK053 UT WOS:A1995UK05300004 ER PT J AU Kartschall, T Grossman, S Pinter, PJ Garcia, RL Kimball, BA Wall, GW Hunsaker, DJ LaMorte, RL AF Kartschall, T Grossman, S Pinter, PJ Garcia, RL Kimball, BA Wall, GW Hunsaker, DJ LaMorte, RL TI A simulation of phenology, growth, carbon dioxide exchange and yields under ambient atmosphere and free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) Maricopa, Arizona, for wheat SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE CO2; wheat; modelling; C-assimilation; phenology ID MODEL; LEAVES AB The impact of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration on the growth and productivity of field grown wheat has been evaluated. Meteorological and soil information from this study were used to validate a model (DEMETER) for simulation of vegetation response to climate change scenarios. The model simulations of phenology, carbon exchange rate, growth and yield for the treatment conditions of the experiment show a reasonable accordance with the experimental data. C1 US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,USDA ARS,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. LI COR INC,LINCOLN,NE 68504. RP Kartschall, T (reprint author), POTSDAM INST CLIMATE IMPACT RES,POB 601203,D-14412 POTSDAM,GERMANY. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 611 EP 622 DI 10.2307/2845962 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UK053 UT WOS:A1995UK05300005 ER PT J AU Wechsung, G Wechsung, F Wall, GW Adamsen, FJ Kimball, BA Garcia, RL Pinter, PJ Kartschall, T AF Wechsung, G Wechsung, F Wall, GW Adamsen, FJ Kimball, BA Garcia, RL Pinter, PJ Kartschall, T TI Biomass and growth rate of a spring wheat root system grown in free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and ample soil moisture SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE CO2-enrichment; root morphology; vertical and horizontal root distribution; senescence ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; NITROGEN; FEEDBACK AB The response of a wheat crop root system to full-season CO2-enrichment was investigated using a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) apparatus. A spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora Rojo) crop was growing at 0.25 m row spacing and 130 plants m(-2) on a Trix clay loam (hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent) under two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (FACE: similar to 550 mu mol mol(-1); control: similar to 370 mu mol mol(-1)) and ample soil moisture (100% replacement of poten tial evapotranspiration). Irrigation was applied with a subsur face drip irrigation system. Root cores were collected at five growth stages (three-leaf, tillering, stem elongation, anthesis, dough development and final harvest, which corresponded with day of year (DOY) 16, 36, 63, 92, 113 and 159, respectively), using a soil core device (86 mm i.d.). Two cores were taken in-row and one in the inter-row space position to examine the horizontal and vertical distribution of roots to a I-m depth. Root biomass was summed over the entire root profile across all positions to obtain a total. Total root mass was higher in FACE compared to control for all growth stages (i.e. 34% at three-leaf, 21% at tillering, 23% at stem elongation, 28% at dough development and 19% at harvest). Root growth rate was significantly higher in FACE compared to control for both in-row and inter-row positions. Root senescence rate were similar between FACE and control grown plants, but the absolute difference in root mass during the senescence phase was greater in FACE compared to control grown plants. Roots from FACE grown plants explored a greater proportion of the soil profile earlier in the season than roots from control grown plants. However, there was no evidence that plants grown in FACE had a deeper root system than plants grown in control. C1 POTSDAM INST CLIMATE IMAPCT RES,NAT SYST DEPT,D-11412 POTSDAM,GERMANY. US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,USDA ARS,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Wechsung, G (reprint author), HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,INVALIDENSTR 42,D-10115 BERLIN,GERMANY. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 623 EP 634 DI 10.2307/2845963 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UK053 UT WOS:A1995UK05300006 ER PT J AU Peart, RM Curry, RB Rosenzweig, C Jones, JW Boote, KJ Allen, LH AF Peart, RM Curry, RB Rosenzweig, C Jones, JW Boote, KJ Allen, LH TI Energy and irrigation in south eastern US agriculture under climate change SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate; crops; energy; irrigation; simulation ID MODEL; SIMULATION AB The effects of three scenarios of climate change under effectively doubled carbon dioxide have been studied for yield effects; this paper shows the possible effects on energy efficiency and irrigation water demand under these conditions. Forty years of daily weather data for twenty-seven south eastern U.S. weather stations have been assembled into the IBSNAT format (International Benchmark Sites Network for Agrotechnology Transfer) for running crop simulation models under Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). Three general circulation models provide monthly parameters to adjust the historical data to form new data sets representing weather for equivalent doubled carbon dioxide conditions, predicted to occur around the year 2040. Dynamic process models of soybean, peanut and maize, with daily time steps, resulted in maturity dates, yields and water use for irrigated and non-irrigated crops for historical weather conditions used as a benchmark and for climate change scenarios. We analysed the differences in energy inputs and outputs under irrigated and rain-fed conditions for historical data and for the climate change scenarios. Data for two locations, near Pensacola, Florida and Columbia, South Carolina are given here. In general, climate change scenarios resulted in a greater demand for irrigation water and a lower energy efficiency of production. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. COLUMBIA UNIV,GLOBAL SYST INST,NEW YORK,NY 10025. RP Peart, RM (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.2307/2845964 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UK053 UT WOS:A1995UK05300007 ER PT J AU Williams, DW Liebhold, AM AF Williams, DW Liebhold, AM TI Herbivorous insects and global change: Potential changes in the spatial distribution of forest defoliator outbreaks SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Choristoneura occidentalis; Lymantria in dispar; climatic change; insect outbreaks; geographic information system; discriminant analysis ID CLIMATIC-CHANGE; PESTS AB The geographical ranges and the spatial extent of outbreaks of herbivorous species are likely to shift with climatic change. We investigated potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in Oregon, U.S.A. and the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispnr (L.), in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. using maps of historical defoliation, climate and forest composition in a geographic information system. Maps of defoliation frequency were assembled using historical aerial reconnaissance data. Maps of monthly means of daily temperature maxima and minima and of monthly precipitation averaged over 30 years were developed using an interpolation technique. All maps were at a spatial resolution of 2 x 2 km. Relationships between defoliation status and the environmental variables were modelled using a linear discriminant function. Five climatic change scenarios were investigated: an increase of 2 degrees C, a 2 degrees increase with an increase of 0.5 mm per day in precipitation, a 2 degrees C increase with an equivalent decrease in precipitation, and equilibrium projections of temperature and precipitation by two general circulation models (GCMs) at doubled CO2. With an increase in temperature alone, the projected defoliated area decreased relative to ambient conditions for the budworm and increased slightly for the gypsy moth. With an increase in temperature and precipitation the defoliated area increased for both species. Conversely, the defoliated area decreased for both when temperature increased and precipitation decreased. Results for the GCM scenarios contrasted sharply. For the Geophysical Fluids Dynamics Laboratory model, defoliation by budworm was projected to cover Oregon completely, whereas no defoliation was projected by gypsy moth in Pennsylvania. For the Goddard Institute for Space Studies model, defoliation disappeared completely for the budworm and slightly exceeded that under ambient conditions for the gypsy moth. The results are discussed :in terms of potential changes in forest species composition. C1 US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV. RP Williams, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,5 RADNOR CORP CTR,SUITE 200,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 26 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.2307/2845968 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UK053 UT WOS:A1995UK05300011 ER PT J AU Joyce, LA Mills, JR Heath, LS McGuire, AD Haynes, RW Birdsey, RA AF Joyce, LA Mills, JR Heath, LS McGuire, AD Haynes, RW Birdsey, RA TI Forest sector impacts from changes in forest productivity under climate change SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE assessment; economic; timber demand; productivity; carbon storage ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATE FORESTS; GLOBAL-MODELS; INCREASE; STORAGE AB The consequences of elevated carbon dioxide and climate change on forest systems and the role that economics could play in timber harvest and vegetation change have not been addressed together. A framework was developed to link climate change scenarios, an ecosystem model, a forest sector model and a carbon accounting model. Four climate scenarios were used to estimate net primary productivity (NPP) for forests in the United States. Changes in NPP were estimated using TEM, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model which uses spatially referenced information on climate, soils and vegetation so estimate important carbon and nitrogen fluxes and pool sizes within ecosystems at the continental scale. Changes in NPP under climate change were used to modify timber growth within the Aggregate Timberland Assessment Model (ATLAS), which is a part of the forest sector model (TAMM-ATLAS) used by the Forest Service to examine timber policy questions. The changes in timber inventories were then translated into changes in the amount of carbon stored on private timberlands using a national carbon model (FORCARB). Regional changes in productivity filter through the forest sector and result in changes in land use and timber consumption. Long-term changes in carbon storage indicate that these private timberlands will be a source of carbon dioxide for all but the most optimistic climate change scenario. C1 PACIFIC NW FOREST EXPT STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NORTHEASTERN EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087. CTR ECOSYST,BIOL MARINE LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP Joyce, LA (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 703 EP 713 DI 10.2307/2845973 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UK053 UT WOS:A1995UK05300016 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW Joyce, LA AF McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW Joyce, LA TI Equilibrium responses of soil carbon to climate change: Empirical and process-based estimates SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; global carbon cycle; climate change; greenhouse effect; model; parameterization; Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ID GRASSLAND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; GREAT-PLAINS; STORAGE; CO2; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; DIOXIDE; WORLD AB We use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), which has been parameterized to control for reactive soil organic carbon (SOC) across climatic gradients, to evaluate the sensitivity of SOC to a 1 degrees C warming in both empirical and process-based analyses. In the empirical analyses we use the steady state SOC estimates of TEM to derive SOC-response equations that depend on temperature and volumetric soil moisture, and extrapolate them across the terrestrial biosphere at 0.5 degrees spatial resolution. For contemporary climate and atmospheric CO2, mean annual temperature explains 34.8% of the variance in the natural logarithm of TEM-estimated SOC. Because the inclusion of mean annual volumetric soil moisture in the regression explains an additional 19.6%, a soil moisture term in an equation of SOC response should improve estimates. For a 1 degrees C warming, the globally derived empirical model estimates a terrestrial SOC loss of 22.6 10(15) g (Pg), with 77.9% of the loss in extra-tropical ecosystems. To explore whether loss estimates of SOC are affected by the spatial scale at which the response equations are derived, we derive equations for each of the eighteen ecosystems considered in this study. The sensitivity of terrestrial SOC estimated by summing the losses predicted by each of the ecosystem empirical models is greater (27.9 Pg per degrees C) than that estimated by the global empirical model; the 12.2 Pg loss (43.7%) in tropical ecosystems suggests that they may be more sensitive to warming. The global process-based loss of SOC estimated by TEM in response to a 1 degrees C warming (26.3 Pg) is similar to the sum of the ecosystem empirical losses, but the 13.6 Pg loss (51.7%) in extra-tropical ecosystems suggests that they may be slightly less sensitive to warming. For the modelling of SOC responses, these results suggest that soil moisture is useful to incorporate in empirical models of SOC response and that globally derived empirical models may conceal regional sensitivity pf SOC to warming. The analyses in this study suggest that the maximum loss of SOC to the atmosphere per degrees C warming is less than 2% of the terrestrial soil carbon inventory. Because the NPP response to elevated CO2 has the potential to compensate for this loss, the scenario of warming enhancing soil carbon loss to further enhance warming is unlikely in the absence of land use or changes in vegetation distribution. C1 US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), MARINE BIOL LAB, CTR ECOSYST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. NR 43 TC 123 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4-5 BP 785 EP 796 DI 10.2307/2845980 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UK053 UT WOS:A1995UK05300023 ER PT J AU KIEL, DP MERCIER, CA DAWSONHUGHES, B CALI, C HANNAN, MT ANDERSON, JJ AF KIEL, DP MERCIER, CA DAWSONHUGHES, B CALI, C HANNAN, MT ANDERSON, JJ TI THE EFFECTS OF ANALYTIC SOFTWARE AND SCAN ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE ON THE COMPARISON OF DUAL X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY WITH DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY OF THE HIP IN THE ELDERLY SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BONE DENSITOMETERS; SPINE AB As part of a longitudinal comparison of bone mineral density (BMD) results originally obtained using a Lunar dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) scanner and later, using a Lunar dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner, we compared femur results between DPA and DXA according to DXA analytic software (versions 1.3y and 1.4), and according to the method of placement of the femoral neck box (software algorithm or operator placement according to the appearance of the pair of images) in 58 elderly men and women, The mean BMD at each of three femoral sites was higher using DXA version 1.3y than DPA, but the use of software version 1.4 brought the BMD value closer to that of DPA at all sites. Of 58 scans, 12 (21%) were changed by the operator, resulting in an overall reduction in mean percent BMD difference between scan pairs of 79% (from 1.24% to 0.29%), Although the differences between the DPA/DXA software-driven analysis and the DPA/DXA operator-driven analysis appeared small (high r(2) values and intra-class correlation coefficients), the increase in sample size that would be required for the same power to detect 2-year changes in BMD if the software-driven analysis was used instead of taking the time to perform the operator-driven analysis was 18%, The findings of this study highlight the need to account for upgrades in analytic software, Furthermore, we present a rational approach for the analysis of serial scans that has face validity and that results in smaller differences between pairs of scans performed on the same individual, The decision to adapt these methods must be based on the relative costs of reducing unwanted scan variability. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. FRAMINGHAM STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,ARTHRIT CTR,BOSTON,MA. RP KIEL, DP (reprint author), HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,INST RES & TRAINING,1200 CTR ST,BOSTON,MA 02131, USA. OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR 41398] NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1130 EP 1136 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RE422 UT WOS:A1995RE42200016 PM 7484290 ER PT J AU GRAYBOSCH, RA PETERSON, CJ BAENZIGER, PS SHELTON, DR AF GRAYBOSCH, RA PETERSON, CJ BAENZIGER, PS SHELTON, DR TI ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION OF HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT FLOUR PROTEIN-COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; SPRING WHEAT; CULTIVAR; BAKING AB The intrinsic processing quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars is modified significantly by cultural conditions and climate. In an attempt to understand the biochemical basis of such variation, environmental modification of flour protein content and composition was measured. Thirty hard red winter wheat cultivars and experimental lines were gown at 17 Nebraska environments during 1990 and 1991. Environmental conditions, including grain filling duration, temperature and relative humidity during grain filling, were monitored. Grain yield and test weight also were determined as environmental indicators. Significant linear correlations between flour protein content, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, were observed only with the duration of grain filling. Protein quality, as measured by SDS sedimentation volumes and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, was highly influenced by the frequency of high temperatures during grain filling and by the relative humidity. Observed ranges in genotypic responses (variance) at locations also were altered by environmental factors. Optimal protein quality, as determined by SDS sedimentation volumes, was observed with exposure to less than 90 h of temperature greater than 32 degrees C during grain filling. Protein quality declined with exposure to a greater number of hours of elevated temperature. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited RP GRAYBOSCH, RA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 21 TC 66 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0733-5210(05)80006-2 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RN688 UT WOS:A1995RN68800005 ER PT J AU ALDRICH, JR AF ALDRICH, JR TI TESTING THE NEW ASSOCIATIONS BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL CONCEPT WITH A TACHINID PARASITOID (EUCLYTIA-FLAVA) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-of-Chemical-Ecology CY JUN 04-08, 1994 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP Int Soc Chem Ecol DE PARASITOID; TACHINIDAE; PENTATOMIDAE; NEZARA; PODISUS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PHEROMONE; KAIROMONE; EXOTIC HOST ID RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; NEZARA-VIRIDULA HEMIPTERA; PHEROMONE BLENDS; STINK BUG; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; PODISUS; AGENTS AB Males of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), produce an attractant pheromone that is exploited as a host-finding kairomone by a complex of parasitic species. The capability to catch hundreds of a generalist tachinid fly parasitoid, Euclytia flava, alive in traps baited with the pheromone of P. maculiventris provided an opportunity to test the premise of the ''new associations'' biological control concept. The hypothesis that host species newly associated with a parasitoid are maladapted relative to native-native associations was tested by giving E. flava females a choice between native and exotic stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Wild E. flava females preferred to oviposit on exotic pentatomid species rather than indigenous, known host species, both in field traps baited with the pheromone of a native host and in the laboratory. Data presented here demonstrate that an invader may be vulnerable to native parasitoids in one aspect of the parasitism process (acceptance), yet go unrecognized as a potential host. RP ALDRICH, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES CTR W,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1031 EP 1042 DI 10.1007/BF02033806 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RR860 UT WOS:A1995RR86000012 PM 24234417 ER PT J AU WESLEY, IV SCHROEDERTUCKER, L BAETZ, AL DEWHIRST, FE PASTER, BJ AF WESLEY, IV SCHROEDERTUCKER, L BAETZ, AL DEWHIRST, FE PASTER, BJ TI ARCOBACTER-SPECIFIC AND ARCOBACTER BUTZLERI-SPECIFIC 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA-BASED DNA PROBES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS; AEROTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER; SP-NOV; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; IDENTIFICATION; CRYAEROPHILA; HELICOBACTER; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCES AB The genus Arcobacter encompasses gram-negative, aerotolerant, spiral-shaped bacteria formerly designated Campylobacter cryaerophila. Two genus-specific 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide DNA probes (23-mer and 27-mer) were developed. The probes hybridized with strains of Arcobacter butzleri (n = 58), Arcobacter cryaerophilus (n = 19), and Arcobacter skirrowii (n = 17). The probes did not cross-react with any of the reference strains of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, including ''Flexispira rappini,'' or Wolinella. The 27-mer hybridized with, 61 Arcobacter spp. field isolates originating from late-term aborted porcine (n = 54) and equine (n = 2) fetuses and humans with enteritis (n = 5). The species of Arcobacter isolates (n = 56) recovered from aborted livestock fetuses were determined by ribotyping and were as follows: A. cryaerophilus group 1A (11 of 56; 20%), A. cryaerophilus group 1B (37 of 56; 66%), A. butzleri (5 of 56; 9%), and unknown (3 of 56; 5%). The five human field strains were identified as A. butzleri. A species-specific DNA probe (24-mer) for A. butzleri was also developed since there is evidence that this organism may be a human pathogen. This probe hybridized with previously characterized strains of A. butzleri (n = 58), with 10 field strains identified as A. butzleri by ribotyping and with 2 strains having an indeterminate ribotype. The A. butzleri-specific probe did not crossreact with strains of A. skirrowii (n = 17) and A. cryaerophilus (n = 19). C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. FORSYTH DENT CTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP WESLEY, IV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08303, DE-10374] NR 53 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1691 EP 1698 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RD990 UT WOS:A1995RD99000002 PM 7545177 ER PT J AU BROWN, CC OLANDER, HJ MEYER, RF AF BROWN, CC OLANDER, HJ MEYER, RF TI PATHOGENESIS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE IN SWINE, STUDIED BY IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION AB Eight 7-month-old pigs were inoculated intradermally with 10(3) plaque-forming units of foot-and-mouth disease virus, type O, and killed 24, 48, 72, or 96 h later. Numerous tissues from each animal were collected and examined histopathologically and by in-situ hybridization to determine the presence of virus and its correlation with lesion development. The probe for in-situ hybridization was a biotinylated 500-base negative-sense transcription product corresponding to a portion of the gene encoding polymerase. With this technique, virus was shown to be widely disseminated in all epidermal tissues, regardless of histologically apparent cellular disruption. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BROWN, CC (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,VS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 113 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0021-9975(05)80068-4 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA RJ954 UT WOS:A1995RJ95400004 PM 7490337 ER PT J AU MILLER, RH FULTON, LA EREZ, B WILLIAMS, WF PEARSON, RE AF MILLER, RH FULTON, LA EREZ, B WILLIAMS, WF PEARSON, RE TI VARIATION IN DISTANCES AMONG TEATS OF HOLSTEIN COWS - IMPLICATIONS FOR AUTOMATED MILKING SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE UDDER DIMENSIONS; ANATOMY; ROBOTIC MILKING AB Distances among teats were measured immediately prior to and immediately following milking in 912 lactations of 506 Holstein cows to assess variation due to age (parity), stage of lactation, year, and observer. Data were used to simulate success or failure to attach by the Gascoigne Melotte robotic milker. Distance between front teats premilking was nearly twice that for rear teats. When attachment of the cluster to an udder with a particular set of teat distances was simulated, excessive distance between front teats was the most frequent cause of attachment failure for third and later parities. For first parity, extremely narrow distance between rear teats was the most frequent cause of predicted attachment failure. Reduction in teat distances because of milking was proportionately much greater for distance between rear teats (45 to 50%) than for other tear distances (25 to 29%). In a study of 10 Holstein cows measured at milking and at 0, 6, 8, and 12 h after milking, distances among teats increased linearly with time elapsed postmilking. Electronic storage of a profile of a cow for teat distance and adjustments for milking interval and stage of lactation can increase chances for successful cluster attachment. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CENT MARYLAND RES & EDUC CTR,ELLICOTT CITY,MD 21043. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP MILLER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JUL PY 1995 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1456 EP 1462 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RN687 UT WOS:A1995RN68700007 PM 7593838 ER PT J AU GAYNOR, PJ WALDO, DR CAPUCO, AV ERDMAN, RA DOUGLASS, LW AF GAYNOR, PJ WALDO, DR CAPUCO, AV ERDMAN, RA DOUGLASS, LW TI EFFECTS OF PREPUBERTAL GROWTH-RATE AND DIET ON LIPID-METABOLISM IN LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PREPUBERTAL; GROWTH RATE; DIET; MILK FAT ID MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT; MILK-YIELD; HEIFERS; DAIRY; SOMATOTROPIN; NUTRITION; HORMONE; TISSUE; GLAND AB The objectives were to determine the effects of rate of BW gain and type of silage fed before puberty on the partitioning of excess dietary energy between synthesis of milk and BW gain in second or third lactation. Accordingly, 41 Holstein heifers weighing 175 kg were fed diets containing either alfalfa silage or corn silage to gain either 725 or 950 g/d until BW was 325 kg and two estrous cycles were observed. Puberty occurred near 281 kg of BW. During second (n = 36) or third (n = 5) lactation, the cows were fed a control diet (60% forage and 40% concentrate) and a high energy diet (20% forage and 80% concentrate) in a double-reversal experimental design with three 6-wk periods. The rate of BW gain before puberty did not affect the magnitude of changes in DMI, milk yield, milk composition, or concentrations of thyroid hormones, insulin, bST, glucose, or lipids in serum when cows were switched from a control to a high energy diet during second or third lactation. However, compared with cows fed a corn silage diet, cows fed alfalfa silage between 175 and 325 kg of BW had more depressed yields of fat, total solids, and FCM when fed the high energy diet than when fed the control diet during second or third lactation. Increased deposition of fat in adipose and mammary tissues of cows with mean BW gain in excess of 950 g/d or fed a corn silage diet between 175 and 325 kg of BW did not result in more pronounced depression of milk fat percentage when cows were switched from a control diet to a high energy diet during second or third lactation. Overall, neither rate of BW gain nor type of silage fed between 175 and 325 kg of BW had a major influence on partitioning of excess dietary energy between synthesis of milk and BW gain during second or third lactation. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JUL PY 1995 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1534 EP 1543 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RN687 UT WOS:A1995RN68700015 PM 7593846 ER PT J AU WIGGANS, GR VANRADEN, PM ZUURBIER, J AF WIGGANS, GR VANRADEN, PM ZUURBIER, J TI CALCULATION AND USE OF INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS FOR GENETIC EVALUATION OF UNITED-STATES DAIRY-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INBREEDING; RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; GENETIC EVALUATION ID ANIMAL-MODEL; APPROXIMATE ACCURACY; LARGE POPULATIONS; INFORMATION AB Inbreeding coefficients are calculated routinely for all animals included in national genetic evaluations for yield traits. The base population for inbreeding is defined as animals born during 1960. Animals with unknown parents are assumed to have inbreeding coefficients that are equal to the mean of coefficients for animals with known parents born during the same year. Mean inbreeding coefficients reached .03 to .04 for recent years, and coefficients for some animals exceeded .50. The annual increase in level of inbreeding was highest for Milking Shorthorns, but the rate of change of that increase was greatest for Holsteins. Accounting for inbreeding in calculation of the inverse of the relationship matrix had only a small effect on evaluations. For Jerseys, the maximum change in breeding value was 73 kg of milk for cows and 40 kg of milk for bulls with greater than or equal to 10 daughters. Estimates of inbreeding depression were similar across breeds for production traits and were -29.6 kg of milk, -1.08 kg of fat, and -.97 kg of protein per 1% of inbreeding for Holsteins. In January 1994, the USDA began considering the percentage of inbreeding when calculating inverses of relationship matrices, the largest matrix representing over 20 million Holsteins; this inbreeding percentage was released to the dairy industry for bulls. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP WIGGANS, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JUL PY 1995 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1584 EP 1590 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RN687 UT WOS:A1995RN68700022 PM 7593853 ER PT J AU ALBUQUERQUE, LG DIMOV, G KEOWN, JF VANVLECK, LD AF ALBUQUERQUE, LG DIMOV, G KEOWN, JF VANVLECK, LD TI ESTIMATES USING AN ANIMAL-MODEL OF (CO)VARIANCES FOR YIELDS OF MILK, FAT, AND PROTEIN FOR THE FIRST LACTATION OF HOLSTEIN COWS IN CALIFORNIA AND NEW-YORK SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC PARAMETERS; YIELD TRAITS; HOLSTEINS ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ESTIMATING VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; PRODUCTION TRAITS; DAM REGRESSION; DAUGHTER; LEVEL AB First lactation yields of milk, fat, and protein from Holstein cows in New York and California were used to obtain REML estimates of (co)variances for yield traits using a multitrait animal model. Data from each state were split randomly into 10 samples, averaging 5504 cows per sample from California and 5078 from New York. Mean heritability estimates for milk, fat, and protein yields were .30 +/- .02, .31 +/- .01, and .29 +/- .01 for California data and .33 +/- .01, .35 +/- .01 and .30 +/- .01 for New York data. Averages of genetic correlation estimates for California and New York were .63 +/- .01 and .52 +/- .02 between milk and fat, .84 +/- .01 and .83 +/- .01 between milk and protein, and .73 +/- .01 and .68 +/- .01 between fat and protein. Estimates of environmental correlations were larger than estimates of genetic correlations. Mean estimates of phenotypic correlations for California and New York were .75 +/- .01 and .72 +/- .01 between milk and fat, .92 +/- .01 and .91 +/- .01 between milk and protein, and .81 +/- .01 and .79 +/- .01 between fat and protein yields. On average, these estimates agree with those obtained from animal models with limited rounds of iteration for small data files. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583. FAC CIENCIAS AGR E VETE,DEPT MELHORAMENTO GENET ANIM,BR-14870000 JABOTICABAL,SP,BRAZIL. INST ANIM SCI,BU-2232 KOSTINBROD,BULGARIA. RP ALBUQUERQUE, LG (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Albuquerque, Lucia/A-7402-2013 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JUL PY 1995 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1591 EP 1596 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RN687 UT WOS:A1995RN68700023 PM 7593854 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH TI Susceptibility of fifth-instar indianmeal moth and almond moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to cyfluthrin residues on peanuts SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cyfluthrin; peanuts; Indianmeal moth; Plodia interpunctella; almond moth; Cadra cautella AB Inshell peanuts treated with 10, 14, 18, and 22 ppm cyfluthrin were bioassayed with fifth instar Indianmeal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) and fifth-instar almond moths, Cadra cautella (Walker), after 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of storage. Emergence of the adult almond moth was greater than Indianmeal moth emergence at residual bioassays of 14, 18, and 22 ppm. Regression of increasing emergence with storage time was significant for the Indianmeal moth at 22 ppm and the almond moth at 14 and 22 ppm. For both species, adult emergence decreased as cyfluthrin concentration increased and was described by quadratic regression. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 318 EP 323 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ023 UT WOS:A1995TZ02300003 ER PT J AU DeMilo, AB Miller, RW Bordas, B Redfern, RE Mills, G AF DeMilo, AB Miller, RW Bordas, B Redfern, RE Mills, G TI Larvicidal effects of benzoylphenylureas against the lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Quantitative structure-activity relationships SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE larvicides; lesser mealworm; benzoylphenylureas; chitin-synthesis inhibitors; Alphitobius diaperinus; QSAR; structure-activity relationships ID CHILO-SUPPRESSALIS WALKER; 1-(2,6-DISUBSTITUTED BENZOYL)-3-PHENYLUREAS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; ANILINE MOIETY; SUBSTITUENTS; INSECTICIDES; HOUSES AB Larvicidal activity of a congeneric set of N-2-halo- (and 2,6-dihalo) benzoyl-N'-phenylureas were determined in in vivo tests against the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). Substituent modifications were made in both the benzoyl and anilide portions of the molecule. Linear regression analysis was used to derive quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) from LC(50) and LC(99) values and a series of physicochemical substituent parameters. The analysis resulted in two significant single parameter regression equations selecting Hammett sigma(p) constant as the only relevant chemical descriptor and rejecting the other descriptors as insignificant. Penfluron and 2,6-difluoro-N-[[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] amino]carbonyl]benzamide were potent larvicides in these tests and exceeded the effectiveness of diflubenzuron and triflumuron. RP DeMilo, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 324 EP 332 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ023 UT WOS:A1995TZ02300004 ER PT J AU Richmond, JA AF Richmond, JA TI Macrogeographic genetic variation in populations of the webbing coneworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pine coneworm; populations; genetic similarity AB Genetic variation among 14 populations of Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich adults was examined using starch gel electophoresis. The average number of alleles per locus exceeded 2.0 in all populations. The number of polymorphic loci exceeded 70% in 11 populations. Genetic structure data suggest moderate differentiation (average F-st, 0.111) among the populations. Most of the differentiation is attributable to three of the eight loci (MDH, ME, and IDH). Nei's genetic identity ranged from 0.77-1.00 between populations. A phenogram based on genetic identity and unweighted pair-group method of analysis (UPGMA) clustered five of six populations in North Carolina closely together. With a cophenetic correlation of 0.96 the phenogram constructed is acceptable. RP Richmond, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,3041 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ023 UT WOS:A1995TZ02300007 ER PT J AU Cook, BJ Pryor, NW AF Cook, BJ Pryor, NW TI Structural properties of the female accessory gland in the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE secretory vacuoles; muscle ultrastructure; synaptic vesicles; neurosecretory granules ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA; HOUSE-FLY; L DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; PEPTIDE AB The accessory reproductive glands of the female stable fly are translucent structures that run parallel to the common oviduct when the ovipositor is extended. The only muscles found associated with the gland were those at either end of the long tube of simple cuboidal epithelial cells. The posterior region of each gland is connected to the anterior vagina by means of a valve of circular muscle. The myofibrils of the valve are separated into sarcomeres of irregular alignment with Z disks that appear as discontinuous rows of dense bodies. Transections through the Z disk region also revealed a perforated character which is common in muscles that have the ability to super contract. The sarcolemma of many cells have tubular invaginations that correspond to the T-system of tubules found in most muscles. Terminal axons with both synaptic vesicles and larger neurosecretory granules were found in close apposition to muscle fibers of the valve. Large vacuoles (with a mean of 26.36 mu m and a SD = +/- 2.09) were the most prominent structures in the cytoplasm of the glandular epithelium. The fine structure of these vacuoles showed a microvillar border and a central portion that contains clumps of secretory material in a granular matrix. Many vacuoles also contain dense inclusion bodies while other inclusion bodies were observed in apical membranous networks just beneath the cuticular intima. Such ultrastructural features suggest a largely merocrine type secretion for this gland. RP Cook, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 362 EP 373 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ023 UT WOS:A1995TZ02300009 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, PG TI Susceptibility of Microplitis croceipes and Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to field rates of selected cotton insecticides SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; parasitoids; insecticide susceptibility ID SOUTHEASTERN ARKANSAS; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; HELIOTHIS-SPP; PARASITISM; LEPIDOPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; DYNAMICS; RESIDUES; SURVIVAL; DELTA AB Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) and Cardiochiles nigriceps Vierick, parasitoids of Heliothis virescens (F.), were treated topically with field rates of 14 formulated insecticides commonly used in cotton insect control. The 14 insecticides were oxamyl, thiodicarb, endosulfan, acephate, azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, methyl parathion, profenofos, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and cypermethrin. With the exception of thiodicarb, all insecticides were extremely toxic to M. croceipes, causing 100% mortality of adult wasps. Treatment with thiodicarb resulted in high survival of adults for each parasitoid species. Acephate was extremely toxic to M. croceipes, but relatively non-toxic to C. nigriceps. Mortality also was lower for C. nigriceps females than for C. nigriceps males and M. croceipes for both sexes when wasps were treated with oxamyl. Nine of the 14 insecticides tested were extremely toxic to C. nigriceps, causing 100% mortality of adult wasps. Treatment with 5 insecticides - thiodicarb, acephate, oxamyl, azinphosmethyl, and cypermethrin - resulted in higher survival for C. nigriceps adults than was obtained for the other nine insecticide treatments. For both male and female C. nigriceps, thiodicarb and acephate were less toxic than the other three insecticides. Generally, these five insecticides were less toxic to females than males. An exception was the lower mortality of male C. nigriceps versus females of this species for treatment with acephate. Of the three insecticides commonly used for boil weevil control (oxamyl, azinphosmethyl, and methyl parathion), oxamyl was the least toxic to C. nigriceps females. Cypermethrin was less toxic to C. nigriceps females than the other three pyrethroids tested. Selective use of insecticides which permit higher parasitoid survival could facilitate conservation of these native biological control agents. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB, POB 346, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 390 EP 396 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ023 UT WOS:A1995TZ02300011 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH TI Degradation and efficacy of deltamethrin plus chlorpyrifos-methyl and cyfluthrin plus chlorpyrifos-methyl as protectants of wheat stored in southeast Georgia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE deltamethrin; cyfluthrin; chlorpyrifos-methyl; wheat; storage; insects AB Soft red winter wheat (27.27 kg replicates) treated with combinations of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos-methyl, with and without piperonyl butoxide, and cyfluthrin, applied alone or with either chlorpyrifos-methyl or piperonyl butoxide, was stored from 15 May 1992 to 9 February 1993 (6 chemical treatments and an untreated control). Each replicate was artificially infested with 50 adult lesser grain borers, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.), and 50 adult rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), upon initial storage, sampled with probe traps at monthly intervals, and subsequently reinfested. Trap catch of lesser grain borer was always 0, except for two traps at month 4 that contained one adult in each trap. Maximum population levels of rice weevil and a natural infestation of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), occurred at month 5. Trap catch of these two species in the chemical treatments averaged 2.2 to 34.0 and 0.0 to 19.5 live adults per trap, respectively. From months 4 to 9, the percentage of insect-damaged kernels averaged 4.0 to 5.5% in wheat treated with 0.25 ppm deltamethrin + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl + 4.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide. Maximum kernel damage in the other chemical treatments was 3.2%. C1 USDA,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 397 EP 405 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ023 UT WOS:A1995TZ02300012 ER PT J AU HOLMES, TP KRAMER, RA AF HOLMES, TP KRAMER, RA TI AN INDEPENDENT SAMPLE TEST OF YEA-SAYING AND STARTING POINT BIAS IN DICHOTOMOUS-CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE VALUES AB We developed several diagnostic tools to test the convergent validity of two common contingent valuation elicitation procedures. Data were collected from independent samples receiving dichotomous choice and payment card questions. We compared actual with counterfactual responses using deterministic and Monte Carlo methods and we found that WTP distributions and mean values varied by the value elicitation method. We also developed a paired-comparison test for procedure variance which indicated that yea-saying and starting point bias influenced dichotomous choice responses. (C) 1995 Academic Press. Inc. C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP HOLMES, TP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 17 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 29 IS 1 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1006/jeem.1995.1035 PG 12 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RH875 UT WOS:A1995RH87500008 ER PT J AU KHAKURAL, BR ROBERT, PC KOSKINEN, WC SORENSON, BA BUHLER, DD WYSE, DL AF KHAKURAL, BR ROBERT, PC KOSKINEN, WC SORENSON, BA BUHLER, DD WYSE, DL TI SOIL PROCESSES AND CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT - TEST OF THE LEACHP MODEL FOR PREDICTING ATRAZINE MOVEMENT IN 3 MINNESOTA SOILS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FIELD CONDITIONS; ALDICARB; BROMIDE; ZONE AB Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Model-pesticide (LEACHP) was evaluated for predicting atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) movement in sandy loam (sandy, Typic Hapludoll), silt loam (fine-silty, Typic Hapludoll), and clay loam (fine-loamy, Typic Haplaquoll) soils under moldboard and chisel plow tillage practices. Atrazine distribution in the root zone was measured by analyzing soil cores. Model predictions were compared with observed atrazine concentrations in the soil profiles on various dates after application (two to three growing seasons). Model performance was evaluated by testing whether model predictions fall within a specified factor of true values and using Goodness-of-Fit tests (maximum error, root mean squared error, coefficient of determination, modelling efficiency, coefficient of residual mass). LEACHP predicted depth of peak atrazine concentration in the soil profile accurately in all three soils (under both moldboard [MB] and chisel plow [CP] treatments and at all sampling dates). It predicted depth of atrazine movement and atrazine concentrations in the soil profile reasonably well in the Estherville soil (sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) except some disparities between measured and predicted concentrations in 1988 because of the difficulty in recovering representative samples. In Port Byron (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) and Webster soils (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll), depth of atrazine movement and atrazine concentrations in the soil profile were predicted reasonably well during relatively dryer years (1988 and 1989). In a relatively wet year (1987), however, the model did not predict significant amounts of atrazine at depths >45 cm, whereas, 2.5 to 27.5 mu g kg(-1) of atrazine were detected in soil samples during earlier sampling dates (43, 73 DAA in Port Byron and 14, 43 DAA in Webster soils). Overall performance of the model was similar in both tillage treatments (MP or CP). Considering the broad range in soil properties and climatic conditions used in testing, the model performed well. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. QMAS,WALHALLA,ND 58282. RP KHAKURAL, BR (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 644 EP 655 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ934 UT WOS:A1995RJ93400013 ER PT J AU VOZZO, SF MILLER, JE PURSLEY, WA HEAGLE, AS AF VOZZO, SF MILLER, JE PURSLEY, WA HEAGLE, AS TI ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS AND TRACE GASES - EFFECTS OF OZONE AND WATER-DEFICIT ON FIELD-GROWN SOYBEAN .1. LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE DEFICIT; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; DIFFUSIVE CONDUCTANCE; YIELD RESPONSE; USE EFFICIENCY; SORGHUM CROPS; STRESS; INJURY; COTTON AB Ozone (O-3) and water deficit can suppress net carbon exchange rate (NCER) of plant tissues, but little is known concerning their combined effects on NCER of held-grown plants. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Young'] plants were exposed to two soil moisture regimes (providing well-watered and periodically water-deficient conditions) and three levels of O-3 in open-top field chambers throughout the growing season. Seasonal (12 h d(-1)) mean O-3 concentrations were 0.018, 0.059, or 0.085 mu L L(-1). Measurements of NCER, transpiration (Tn), and stomatal resistance (Rs) were conducted periodically on the center leaflet of the fifth or sixth trifoliolate from the apex. During vegetative and early reproductive growth, less visible foliar injury due to O-3 occurred on water-deficient plants. Ozone usually suppressed leaflet NCER and leaflet WUE (NCER/Tn). Leaflet NCER was usually suppressed and WUE increased in water-deficient treatments during water deficit episodes. Diurnal measurements illustrated that leaflet NCER was limited in water-deficient plants when leaf water potential fell to about -1.1 MPa. On two occasions under low photosynthetically active radiation, NCER was greater for leaflets in water-deficient treatments than in well-watered treatments. Significant O-3 X H2O interactions for NCER were infrequent on individual days, although water deficit suppressed response to O-3 when data were analyzed over the season. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27609. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 663 EP 670 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ934 UT WOS:A1995RJ93400015 ER PT J AU MILLER, JE VOZZO, SF PATTERSON, RP PURSLEY, WA HEAGLE, AS AF MILLER, JE VOZZO, SF PATTERSON, RP PURSLEY, WA HEAGLE, AS TI EFFECTS OF OZONE AND WATER-DEFICIT ON FIELD-GROWN SOYBEAN .2. LEAFLET NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MAX-L MERR; SOIL-MOISTURE DEFICIT; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; YIELD RESPONSE; STRESS; COTTON; INJURY; PLANT; COMBINATION AB Ozone (O-3) and water deficit can suppress photosynthesis, growth, and yield of crops, and both may alter plant carbohydrate status. Little is known, however, concerning the combined effects of these stresses on C assimilation and nonstructural carbohydrate reserves in field-grown plants. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Young'] plants were subjected to two soil moisture regimes (providing well-watered and periodically water-deficient conditions) and three levels of O-3 in open-top field chambers throughout the growing season. The O-3 concentrations were 0.018, 0.059, and 0.085 mu L L(-1) (seasonal mean 12 h d(-1) concentration). Leaflet carbohydrate concentrations were measured periodically during the growing season. Total soluble carbohydrates (TSCs) (sucrose and hexose) and starch were measured in the center leaflet of the sixth trifoliolate from the apex. Ozone stress suppressed leaflet concentrations of TSCs and starch on most sampling dates. Impacts of water deficit were less consistent, but starch concentrations usually increased when effects were significant. Interactions between the two stresses occurred infrequently, although water stress reduced the negative effects of O-3 on sucrose and TSCs when the data were analyzed over the season. Ozone treatment also slightly Increased the proportion of sucrose compared to starch in the total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) pool. The response of seasonal mean TNC concentrations, seasonal mean NCER, and seed yield to O-3 followed similar patterns, although TNCs were suppressed more on a relative basis than NCER or yield. C1 N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27609. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP MILLER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,1509 VARSITY DR,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 670 EP 677 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ934 UT WOS:A1995RJ93400016 ER PT J AU PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR LEWIN, KF NAGY, J HENDREY, GR AF PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR LEWIN, KF NAGY, J HENDREY, GR TI FREE-AIR CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT OF COTTON - ROOT MORPHOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-USE; GROWTH; YIELD; RESISTANCE; VEGETATION; RESPONSES AB The response of plants to rising global CO2 concentration is of critical research interest but one neglected aspect is its effect on roots. Root morphological changes in cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.) 'Delta Pine 77'] were examined in a 2-yr held study. The test crop was grown under two water regimes (wet, 100% of evapotranspiration [ET] replaced and dry, 75% [1990] and 67% [1991] of ET replaced) and two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ambient = 370 mu mol mol(-1) and free-air CO2 enrichment [FACE] = 550 pmol mol(-1)). A FACE technique that allows for CO2 exposure under held conditions with minimal alteration of plant microclimate was used. Excavated root systems were partitioned into taproot and lateral roots at two growth phases (vegetative and reproductive). Vertical root-pulling resistance was determined at the second sampling; this measure was higher because of CO2 enrichment but was unaffected by water stress. Water stress affected root variables only at the second sampling; water stress reduced taproot variables more than lateral variables. The larger diameter taproots seen at all sample dates under FACE exhibited large increases in dry weight and volume. FACE often increased lateral root number and lateral dry weights were higher at all sample dates. The development of more robust taproot systems in CO2-enriched environments may allow for greater carbohydrate storage for utilization during periods such as hop filling and to ensure root growth for continued exploration of the soil profile to meet nutrient and water demands during peak demand periods. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP PRIOR, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 678 EP 683 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ934 UT WOS:A1995RJ93400017 ER PT J AU SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH JOHNSON, DC SELIM, HM AF SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH JOHNSON, DC SELIM, HM TI WATER-QUALITY - LEACHING OF NITRATE, ATRAZINE, AND METRIBUZIN FROM SUGARCANE IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RUNOFF; TILE DRAINAGE; GROUND-WATER; PESTICIDE; PERSISTENCE; METOLACHLOR; SOILS; MOBILITY; MOVEMENT; TILLAGE AB We have studied the leaching losses of NO3, atrazine [B-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2.4-diamine], and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine-5(4H)-one] applied to sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) planted in Mississippi River alluvial soil in southern Louisiana. Nitrogen (122 kg/ha) and atrazine (2.24 kg/ha) were applied in June, and atrazine (2.24 kg/ha) and metribuzin (1.12 kg/ha) were applied in December; losses through a Sharkey clay (very fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquepts) into subsurface drains (5.5- and 10.9-m spacing) were measured for about 100 d in both seasons. Five days after application NO3-N appeared in its highest concentrations (5-11 mg/L) in the drain water; after this first event, concentrations remained below 10 mg/L throughout the summer season. After application in the summer atrazine appeared in the subsurface drains at its highest seasonal concentrations (114-144 mu g/L) on the day of application; after 4 to 7 wk these concentrations remained below 3.0 mu g/L. Total losses in the summer amounted to 3 to 8% of the NO3 application and 0.6 to 1.2% of the atrazine application. Almost 50% of the NO3 leaching into the subsurface drains occurred after Day 76, whereas 82% of the atrazine leached into the drains by Day 8. After the winter application, high concentrations of atrazine (67-81 mu g/L) and metribuzin (52-94 mu g/L) were measured within 8 d. Similarly, large concentrations of atrazine occurred in the drain water throughout the winter season. The much higher concentrations of atrazine during the winter study, compared with the summer, coincided with soil surface concentrations that were 3 to 10 times those of the summer. Total losses during the winter were 0.4 to 2.0% (atrazine) and 0.4 to 1.7% (metribuzin) of the applications. Evidence for preferential Row into the drains of the NO3 and the herbicides is presented. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP SOUTHWICK, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 25071,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 35 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 684 EP 690 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ934 UT WOS:A1995RJ93400018 ER PT J AU MAJEWSKI, MS MCCHESNEY, MM WOODROW, JE PRUEGER, JH SEIBER, JN AF MAJEWSKI, MS MCCHESNEY, MM WOODROW, JE PRUEGER, JH SEIBER, JN TI AERODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS OF METHYL-BROMIDE VOLATILIZATION FROM TARPED AND NONTARPED FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING PESTICIDE EVAPORATION; WHEAT FIELD; ICE ALGAE; SOIL; TRANSFORMATION; TRIFLURALIN; TRANSPORT; WATER; RATES; FATE AB Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used extensively in agriculture as a soil fumigant and there is growing concern over the role it may play in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Methyl bromide is applied using various techniques and very little is known about how much of the applied fumigant volatilizes into the atmosphere after the application. This held study was designed to estimate the post-application methyl bromide volatilization loss rates from two different application practices. The fields were approximately 6 km apart in Monterey County, California, and were treated in conformity with local practices as of 1992. The MeBr was injected at a depth of 25 to 30 cm. One field was covered simultaneously with a high-barrier plastic film tarp during the application, and the other was left uncovered, but the furrows made by the injection shanks were bedded over. Volatilization fluxes were estimated using an aerodynamic-gradient technique immediately following the completion of the application process and continued for 9 d for the tarped held and 6 d for the nontarped held. The cumulative volatilization losses from the tarped held were 22% of the nominal application within the first 5 d of the experiment and about 32% of the nominal application within 9 d including the one day after the tarp was removed on Day 8 after application. In contrast, the nontarped field lost 89% of the nominal application by volatilization in 5 d. The volatilization rate from the tarped field was shown to be significantly lower than the nontarped field at a 95% confidence level. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. FMC CORP,AGR CHEM GRP,RICHMOND,CA 94801. UNIV NEVADA,CTR ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,RENO,NV 89557. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP MAJEWSKI, MS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,2800 COTTAGE WAY,ROOM W-2233,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825, USA. NR 43 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 742 EP 752 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ934 UT WOS:A1995RJ93400025 ER PT J AU REDDY, KN ZABLOTOWICZ, RM LOCKE, MA AF REDDY, KN ZABLOTOWICZ, RM LOCKE, MA TI CHLORIMURON ADSORPTION, DESORPTION, AND DEGRADATION IN SOILS FROM CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE AND NO-TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METRIBUZIN DEGRADATION; SORPTION; SURFACE; ENUMERATION; ALACHLOR; ATRAZINE; KINETICS; MODEL AB No-tillage (NT) and other conservation management practices designed to enhance plant residue accumulation can affect the herbicides fate in soil. This study was designed to evaluate adsorption, desorption, and degradation of chlorimuron {ethyl 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl]benzoic acid} in soils collected from long-term conventional tillage (CT) and NT plots. Soils were Miami silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludalf) and Drummer silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Endoaquoll) from Illinois, and Dundee silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Aeric Ochraqualf) from Mississippi. Adsorption was determined on five concentrations of C-14-chlorimuron (0.22-12.26 mu mol kg(-1)) equilibrated for 72 h. Desorption in four cycles (1, 24, 24, and 24 hr) was measured for samples initially sorbed at 2.60 mu mol kg(-1). Adsorption K-f values ranged from 0.55 to 6.53 and were higher in NT compared with CT soils. The N values were less than unity in all soils. Desorption was hysteretic and the total amount desorbed in four desorptions ranged from 18 to 51% of that sorbed. Desorption K-f values ranged from 0.60 to 2.74 and were higher in NT compared with CT soils. After 63 d incubation of C-14-chlorimuron, 44 to 54% of applied remained as extractable chlorimuron and 10 to 16% of applied mineralized to (CO2)-C-14 among the soils. Half-Life of over 2 mo and relatively low mineralization suggests poor adaptability of native microbial populations to chlorimuron as substrate. Differences in the chlorimuron degradation pattern were minor between NT and CT soils, despite NT soils in general having greater organic C, microbial populations, and soil enzyme activity compared with CT soils. RP REDDY, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 31 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 760 EP 767 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ934 UT WOS:A1995RJ93400027 ER PT J AU HAN, S EVANS, RG HODGES, T RAWLINS, SL AF HAN, S EVANS, RG HODGES, T RAWLINS, SL TI LINKING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM WITH A POTATO SIMULATION-MODEL FOR SITE-SPECIFIC CROP MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Site-specific crop management (SSCM) requires that crop simulation models be applied to subareas of a field to test or develop management practices. When the number of subareas is sufficiently large, crop simulation models should be linked with a geographic information system (GIS) for ease of input data preparation and for output data analysis. An interface between PC ARC/IMPO (a GIS) and SIMPOTATO (a potato growth simulator) was developed to study potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and N leaching distributions. The most important distributed input parameters were identified as the irrigated water/N, soil texture, and initial soil N. An example usage of the interface program is given to study the N leaching under different management scenarios. C1 USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP HAN, S (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 772 EP 777 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ934 UT WOS:A1995RJ93400029 ER PT J AU WRAITH, JM BAKER, JM BLAKE, TK AF WRAITH, JM BAKER, JM BLAKE, TK TI WATER-UPTAKE RESUMPTION FOLLOWING SOIL DROUGHT - A COMPARISON AMONG 4 BARLEY GENOTYPES SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE HORDEUM VULGARE; ROOT WATER UPTAKE; SOIL WATER DEFICIT; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LATERAL ROOTS; AGAVE-DESERTI; ANATOMY; GROWTH; STRESS; CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPORT; REGIONS AB Soil water resulting from episodic growing season rainfall evaporates rapidly in semi-arid regions, Plants may not benefit from such water additions if near-surface roots are unable to resume water uptake rapidly following periods of soil water deficit, Our objectives were to develop a means of quantifying root uptake responses in the upper soil layer following rewetting after soil water deficit, and to evaluate the existence of genotypic differences among four diverse barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes in this regard. Plants were grown in replicate soil columns having hydraulically isolated surface and subsoil layers, and instrumented with time-domain reflectometry (Top) waveguides, The upper 0.05 m soil layer was allowed to dry to -1.8 to -3.0 MPa for 10-14 d, during which time subsoil wetness was maintained at about -0.6 to -0.7 MPa, The time-course of soil water uptake was monitored at 0.5 h intervals following rewetting of the surface layer. Substantial water uptake began 1 d after rewetting following 10 d, and 2-3 d after rewetting following 14 d of water deficit, Rate of water uptake was more rapid in response to a second rewetting 5-7 d later, Consistent genotypic responses in terms of cumulative water uptake on a whole plant and leaf area-specific basis were observed during each trial. These results have application to evaluating drought hardiness and interspecific competitive ability under semi-arid conditions, and to investigations of root physiological and morphological changes that contribute to recovery from water deficit. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP WRAITH, JM (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 46 IS 288 BP 873 EP 880 DI 10.1093/jxb/46.7.873 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RK467 UT WOS:A1995RK46700017 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW BOYD, G HUHTANEN, CN AF THAYER, DW BOYD, G HUHTANEN, CN TI EFFECTS OF IONIZING-RADIATION AND ANAEROBIC REFRIGERATED STORAGE ON INDIGENOUS MICROFLORA, SALMONELLA, AND CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM TYPE-A AND TYPE-B IN VACUUM-CANNED, MECHANICALLY DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; CLOSTRIDIUM; IRRADIATION; BOTULISM; MEAT ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; 0.3 MRAD; IRRADIATION; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; SPOILAGE; BACTERIA; SKINS AB Vacuum-canned, commercial, mechanically deboned chicken meat was challenged with either Clostridium botulinum spores (20 strains of types A and B, proteolytic; final spore concentration of ca. 400/g of meat) or Salmonella enteritidis (ca. 10(4) CFU/g of meat) followed by irradiation to 0, 1.5, and 3.0 kGy and storage at 5 degrees C for 0, 2, and 4 weeks. None of the samples stored at 5 degrees C developed botulinal toxin; however, when these samples were temperature abused at 28 degrees C they became toxic within 18 h and had obvious signs of spoilage, i.e., swelling of the can and a putrid odor. During 4 weeks of refrigerated storage the log(10) of the population of S. enteritidis in nonirradiated samples decreased from 3.86 to 2.58. S. enteritidis CFU were detectable in samples irradiated to 1.5 kGy at 0 weeks but not in samples irradiated to 3.0 kGy. Log levels of aerobic and facultative mesophiles increased during 4 weeks of refrigerated storage from 6.54 to 8.25, 4.03 to 8.14, and 2.84 to 5.23 in samples irradiated to 0, 1.5, and 3.0 kGy, respectively. Based on taxonomic analyses of 245 isolates, the bacterial populations depended upon radiation dose and storage time. The change was predominantly from gram-negative rods in nonirradiated samples to gram-positive streptococci in samples irradiated to 3.0 kGy and stored for 4 weeks. Spoilage organisms survived even the 3.0 kGy treatment. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 58 IS 7 BP 752 EP 757 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RK693 UT WOS:A1995RK69300007 ER PT J AU JUNEJA, VK EBLEN, BS MARMER, BS WILLIAMS, AC PALUMBO, SA MILLER, AJ AF JUNEJA, VK EBLEN, BS MARMER, BS WILLIAMS, AC PALUMBO, SA MILLER, AJ TI THERMAL-RESISTANCE OF NONPROTEOLYTIC TYPE-B AND TYPE-E CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM SPORES IN PHOSPHATE BUFFER AND TURKEY SLURRY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; SPORES; HEAT RESISTANCE; INACTIVATION ID HEAT-RESISTANCE; BLUE-CRAB; LYSOZYME; INACTIVATION; RECOVERY; MEAT; TEMPERATURES; STRAINS; GROWTH AB The heat resistance of nonproteolytic type B and type E Clostridium botulinum spores in phosphate buffer and turkey slurry was determined from 70 to 90 degrees C. Thermal-death times were determined in vials heated using a water bath. Recovery of heat-injured spores was on reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) and tryptic soy agar (TSA) with and without added lysozyme (10 mu g/ml). Decimal-reduction times (D-values) were determined by fitting a survival model to the data using a curve-fitting program. The apparent or measured heat resistance was maximum with RCM supplemented with lysozyme. The D-values at 80 degrees C for type E spores in buffer ranged from 1.03 min for strain Whitefish to 4.51 min for strain Saratoga The D-value for the most heat-resistant nonproteolytic type B strain KAP B5 in buffer was 4.31 min at 80 degrees C. The z-values in buffer for all strains were very similar, ranging from 8.35 to 10.08 degrees C. Turkey slurry offered protection to the spores with a concomitant increase in heat resistance. The D-values in turkey slurry ranged from 51.89 min at 70 degrees C to 1.18 min at 85 degrees C for type E strain Alaska (z = 9.90 degrees C) and from 32.53 min at 75 degrees C to 0.80 min at 90 degrees C for nonproteolytic type B strain KAP B5 (z = 9.43 degrees C). Thermal-death-time values from this study will assist food processors to design thermal processes that ensure safety against nonproteolytic C. botulinum in cook/chill foods. RP JUNEJA, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 58 IS 7 BP 758 EP 763 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RK693 UT WOS:A1995RK69300008 ER PT J AU SIRAGUSA, GR CUTTER, CN AF SIRAGUSA, GR CUTTER, CN TI MICROBIAL ATP BIOLUMINESCENCE AS A MEANS TO DETECT CONTAMINATION ON ARTIFICIALLY CONTAMINATED BEEF CARCASS TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE ATP BIOLUMINESCENCE; RAPID MICROBIAL ASSAY ID BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY; RAW-MILK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAPID ESTIMATION; ASSAY; NUMBERS; BACTERIURIA; MEDIA AB The use of microbial ATP bioluminescence was evaluated as a means to rapidly detect gross microbial contamination from feces on bovine-carcass surface tissue (BCT). Microbial ATP was selectively distinguished from nonmicrobial ATP by the assay procedure used. Regression analyses of microbial ATP and viable count scatterplots showed lean and adipose BCT artificially contaminated with bovine feces had the same regression line parameters (P < 0.05), and therefore, the microbial ATP responses were similar for both tissue types. Correlation coefficients (r) of these regression lines were >0.90 for both tissue types. Results indicated that swab samples can be held at 5 degrees C for up to 6 h without compromising microbial ATP bioluminescence assay results. The microbial ATP bioluminescence assay shows potential for use as a means to rapidly detect fecal contamination on red meat carcasses and to gauge decontamination effectiveness and hence could monitor critical control points in a processing-plant HACCP plan. RP SIRAGUSA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 58 IS 7 BP 764 EP 769 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RK693 UT WOS:A1995RK69300009 ER PT J AU SIRAGUSA, GR CUTTER, CN DORSA, WJ KOOHMARAIE, M AF SIRAGUSA, GR CUTTER, CN DORSA, WJ KOOHMARAIE, M TI USE OF A RAPID MICROBIAL ATP BIOLUMINESCENCE ASSAY TO DETECT CONTAMINATION ON BEEF AND PORK CARCASSES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE ATP BIOLUMINESCENCE; RAPID MICROBIAL TESTING; HACCP MONITORING ID MEAT AB A new microbial ATP bioluminescence assay was shown to be an accurate and rapid method to determine the levels of generic bacterial contamination on beef (n = 400) and pork (n = 320) carcasses sampled in commercial processing plants. Based on in vitro fecal dilution studies, the rapid microbial ATP (R-mATP) assay is as accurate as the standard plate count method for estimating bacteria in bovine or porcine fecal samples. The correlations (r) between the R-mATP assay and the standard aerobic plate count for beef and pork carcasses sampled in commercial processing were 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. A segmented-model statistical approach to determine the lower limits of assay sensitivity was developed. By using this model to analyze the in-plant data, the R-mATP test responded in a linear fashion to levels of microbial contamination of > log(10) 2.0 aerobic CFU/cm(2) on beef carcasses and of > log(10) 3.2 aerobic CFU/cm(2) for pork carcasses. The R-mATP assay requires approximately 5 min to complete, including sampling. Given the rapidity and accuracy of the assay, processors interested in monitoring critical control points in the slaughter process could potentially use the R-mATP assay to monitor microbiological prevention and intervention procedures for minimizing carcass contamination. RP SIRAGUSA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 20 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 58 IS 7 BP 770 EP 775 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RK693 UT WOS:A1995RK69300010 ER PT J AU JUNEJA, VK EBLEN, BS AF JUNEJA, VK EBLEN, BS TI INFLUENCE OF SODIUM-CHLORIDE ON THERMAL INACTIVATION AND RECOVERY OF NONPROTEOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM TYPE-B STRAIN KAP B5 SPORES - A RESEARCH NOTE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note DE CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; SPORES; THERMAL INACTIVATION; SODIUM CHLORIDE ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; HEAT AB Demand for minimally processed refrigerated foods with reduced salt levels has stimulated renewed interest in the potential for survival and growth of psychrotrophic, nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B spores. As part of a project to better define food-processing requirements, the heat resistance (75 to 90 degrees C) of nonproteolytic C. botulinum type B spores was assessed in turkey containing 1 to 3% (wt/vol) salt (sodium chloride). Heated spores were recovered both on reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) with lysozyme and on RCM having the same salt levels as the heating menstruum. When the recovery medium contained no salt, D-values in turkey slurry containing 1% salt were 42.1, 17.1, 7.8, and 1.1 min at 75, 80, 85, and 90 degrees C, respectively. Increasing levels (2 and 3%, wt/vol) of salt in the turkey slurry reduced the heat resistance as evidenced by reduced spore D-values. Also, apparent or measured heat resistance was decreased with increasing salt concentration in the heating menstruum and the recovery medium. The z-values in turkey slurry for all treatments were similar, ranging from 8.47 to 10.08 degrees C. These data will assist food processors to design thermal processes that ensure safety against nonproteolytic C. botulinum type B spores in cook/chill foods while minimizing quality losses. RP JUNEJA, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 58 IS 7 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RK693 UT WOS:A1995RK69300018 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL AF SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL TI HEATED ASCORBIC/CITRIC ACID-SOLUTION AS BROWNING INHIBITOR FOR PREPEELED POTATOES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POTATOES; BROWNING; ASCORBIC ACID; CITRIC ACID; PRE-PEELING ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; BISULFITE; FIRMNESS AB Treatment of pre-peeled potatoes with heated ascorbic acid (AA)/citric acid (CA) solution to extend shelf-life was investigated. Potatoes were abrasion or high pressure steam peeled, heated for 5-20 min in 1% AA + 2% CA at 45-55 degrees C, cooled, and then dipped for 5 min in browning inhibitor (BI) solution containing 4% AA + 1% CA + 1% sodium acid pyrophosphate. Combined treatment inhibited potato discoloration for 14 days at 4 degrees C, compared to 3-6 days with BI treatment alone. Raw material and treatment conditions were selected to minimize graying and textural abnormalities encountered with some treatments. Treatment with heated AA/CA. may be an alternative to use of sulfites to control browning in pre-peeled potatoes. RP SAPERS, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 762 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06223.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RP278 UT WOS:A1995RP27800025 ER PT J AU MCFEETERS, RF BALBUENA, MB FLEMING, HP AF MCFEETERS, RF BALBUENA, MB FLEMING, HP TI SOFTENING RATES OF FERMENTED CUCUMBER TISSUE - EFFECTS OF PH, CALCIUM, AND TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMBER; TEXTURE; SOFTENING; CALCIUM; KINETICS ID MESOCARP TISSUE; FIRMNESS; STORAGE; INHIBITION; PICKLES; CATIONS AB First-order softening rates for cucumber mesocarp tissue were determined as a function of pH (2.6-3.8), calcium (0-72 mM), and temperature (25-65 degrees C). Fermented tissue, unlike blanched, nonfermented tissue, often showed two softening rates in first-order plots. A five-variable, empirical equation was derived (R(2) = 0.913) which predicted softening rates as a function of pH, calcium concentration, and temperature. Comparison of softening rates in tissue fermented with and without 18 mM added calcium indicated the softening rate depended upon the concentration of calcium present during the period of measurement and not upon previous history of calcium exposure. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. INST GRASA & DERIVADOS,SEVILLE,SPAIN. RP MCFEETERS, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Brenes, Manuel/F-4603-2016 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 786 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06229.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RP278 UT WOS:A1995RP27800031 ER PT J AU IZUMI, H WATADA, AE AF IZUMI, H WATADA, AE TI CALCIUM TREATMENT TO MAINTAIN QUALITY OF ZUCCHINI SQUASH SLICES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ZUCCHINI SQUASH; LIGHTLY PROCESSED; CALCIUM; ASCORBIC ACID; TEXTURE ID ASCORBIC-ACID; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; STORAGE; FRUITS; VEGETABLES; APPLES; DECAY AB Zucchini squash slices dipped in solutions of CaCl2 alone or with chlorine were stored at 0 degrees C, 5 degrees C, and 10 degrees C. Slices developed water soaked areas (chilling injury) at 0 degrees C and brown discoloration at 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C, which increased with storage. The amount and severity of chilling injury/browning/decay of water-dipped controls were least at 5 degrees C. Calcium treatments helped in reducing development of decay, rate of total microbial growth, ascorbic acid loss, and shear force decrease of slices stored at 0 degrees C and 10 degrees C, but not at 5 degrees C. Addition of chlorine to CaCl2 seemed to have some benefits at 0 degrees C or 10 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06230.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RP278 UT WOS:A1995RP27800032 ER PT J AU CAMERON, RG GROHMANN, K AF CAMERON, RG GROHMANN, K TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PECTINMETHYLESTERASE FROM RED GRAPEFRUIT FINISHER PULP SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RED GRAPEFRUIT; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; ISOZYMES; GLYCOSYLATION ID PECTINESTERASES; PROTEINS; FRUITS; ORANGE AB Four forms of pectinmethylesterase have been partially purified from red grapefruit finisher pulp by chromatography on Heparin-Sepharose CL-6B. Three forms bound to the heparin-sepharose and could be eluted with a sodium chloride gradient. One form (RGPME3) exhibited high thermal stability retaining 66.7% relative activity after 2 min incubation in an 80 degrees C water bath, and 45.2% of its relative activity after 60 sec incubation in a 95 degrees C water bath. RGPME3 had a K-m of 0.106 mg . mL(-1) citrus pectin and a pH optimum between 6 and 7. The most abundant form (RGPME2) had a K-m of 0.079 mg . mL(-1) citrus pectin. Denaturing electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography suggested molecular weights between 20 and 40 kDa for the various forms. RP CAMERON, RG (reprint author), USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S,NW POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 821 EP 825 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06238.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RP278 UT WOS:A1995RP27800040 ER PT J AU ONWULATA, CI SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH AF ONWULATA, CI SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH TI FLOW AND COMPACTION OF SPRAY-DRIED POWDERS OF ANHYDROUS BUTTEROIL AND HIGH-MELTING MILKFAT ENCAPSULATED IN DISACCHARIDES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANHYDROUS BUTTEROIL; SPRAY DRYING; MILKFAT; DISACCHARIDES; ENCAPSULATION ID PROTEINS; PRODUCTS; LIPIDS; FAT AB Anhydrous butteroil or a high-melting milkfat fraction prepared from it were encapsulated in lactose, maltose or sucrose matrices by spray drying to compare functional characteristics. Both types of milkfat were retained efficiently (>90%) within the encapsulants at 40% fat level. Retention declined as fat concentration increased from 40 to 60%, regardless of melting temperature of the milkfat. Encapsulant or type of milkfat did not alter bulk properties. Powders withstood compaction pressures <60% with minimal capsule rupture. Powder functionality may be modified by varying disaccharide choice and milkfat melting properties. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 836 EP 840 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06242.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RP278 UT WOS:A1995RP27800044 ER PT J AU KONSTANCE, RP ONWULATA, CI HOLSINGER, VH AF KONSTANCE, RP ONWULATA, CI HOLSINGER, VH TI FLOW PROPERTIES OF SPRAY-DRIED ENCAPSULATED BUTTEROIL SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POWDER; FLOW; ENCAPSULATION; BUTTEROIL ID INDUSTRY AB The interdependence of physical properties of spray-dried butteroil encapsulated in sucrose, lactose or all-purpose flour were evaluated and compared to those of common powders such as spray-dried nonfat dry milk, whole milk powder, and sodium chloride. Powders were evaluated in terms of flow (mass flow rate and angle of repose), bulk (density) and mechanical properties (compressibility and stress relaxation). The powders were classified into three groups by mechanical sieving based on size as: ''small particles'' (<210 mu m), ''particles'' (+210-420 mu m) and ''encapsulated particles'' (+210-500 mu m). The flow and mechanical behavior of encapsulated powders were different (P < 0.05) from the other powders. Encapsulated powders were less flowable (P < 0.05) but the addition of 2% anti-caking/flow agent enhanced flow characteristics. RP KONSTANCE, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 841 EP 844 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06243.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RP278 UT WOS:A1995RP27800045 ER PT J AU BUCKMAN, RE AF BUCKMAN, RE TI THE PRESIDENTS FOREST PLAN - NO DIRECTION WITHOUT CONSENSUS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US FOREST SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BUCKMAN, RE (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 7 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG923 UT WOS:A1995RG92300008 ER PT J AU BROOKS, DJ AF BROOKS, DJ TI FEDERAL TIMBER SUPPLY REDUCTIONS IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST - INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID STATES RP BROOKS, DJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 93 IS 7 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG923 UT WOS:A1995RG92300013 ER PT J AU BACON, LD WITTER, RL AF BACON, LD WITTER, RL TI EFFICACY OF MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES IN MHC HETEROZYGOUS CHICKENS - MHC CONGENIC X INBRED LINE F1 MATINGS SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; B-HAPLOTYPE; RESISTANCE; VIRUSES; LYMPHOMA; SAFETY AB The goal of this study is to demonstrate that Mhc (B) heterozygous chickens differ in efficacy of response to several Marek's disease (MD) vaccines. Four types of B-2 heterozygotes, in addition to (BB2)-B-2 homozygotes, were developed by crossing 15.B congenic males to inbred line 7(1) ((BB2)-B-2) hens. The five types of F-1 chicks were intermingled in isolators and vaccinated with one of four types of MD vaccine before inoculation with the very virulent Md5 strain of MD herpesvirus. The F-1 chickens differ in development of protective immunity following MD vaccination from two perspectives. First, chickens of a particular Mhc genotype were protected better by some vaccines than others, Second, individual vaccine preparations protected some Mhc genotypes more effectively. We conclude that some MD vaccines are more appropriate than others for certain B-haplotypes when chickens are heterozygous for the Mhc. The value of using Mhc-congenic x inbred line F-1 animals for studies concerning the influence of the Mhc on vaccinal immunity is discussed. RP BACON, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 86 IS 4 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RN201 UT WOS:A1995RN20100003 PM 7657994 ER PT J AU DOUDRICK, RL HESLOPHARRISON, JS NELSON, CD SCHMIDT, T NANCE, WL SCHWARZACHER, T AF DOUDRICK, RL HESLOPHARRISON, JS NELSON, CD SCHMIDT, T NANCE, WL SCHWARZACHER, T TI KARYOTYPE OF SLASH PINE (PINUS-ELLIOTTII VAR ELLIOTTII) USING PATTERNS OF FLUORESCENCE IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND FLUOROCHROME BANDING SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; GENUS PINUS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; PARENTAL GENOMES; RYE GENOME; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; CHROMOSOMES; DENSIFLORA AB A karyotype and idiogram were prepared for slash pine (Pines elliottii Engelm, var, elliottii; 2n = 2x = 24) using 26 mitotic metaphase cells from root-tips of seedlings; each metaphase had 11 pairs of long metacentric chromosomes and one shorter pair of submetacentric chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization showed seven pairs of chromosomes with intercalary sites for genes of 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA (18S-25S rDNA) and one pair with a paracentromeric site. Probes of 5S rDNA localized a major site of hybridization on another pair of chromosomes, whereas two minor sites occurred on other chromosomes, one with and one without a site of 18S-25S rDNA. After in situ hybridization, chromosomes were stained with the GC-base-specific fluorochrome chromomycin A(3) (CMA). Positive bands at intercalary sites were detected only on two pairs of chromosomes, paracentromeric sites only on three pairs of chromosomes, and bands at both regions on four pairs, Many bands of CMA showed at sites of hybridization of 18S-25S rDNA but one major band occurred at a centromere without an rDNA site. After staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), bands appeared at AT-rich intercalary and/or centromeric regions of nearly all chromosomes. A characteristic double band of DAPI occurred near the centromere of one pair of chromosomes. Patterns of fluorescence in situ hybridization and fluorochrome banding allowed us to identify all 12 pairs of chromosomes and to establish a standard karyotype. We propose that the numbers assigned to the chromosomes be used for homologous group designations in slash pine and as the framework for homoeologous group designations of chromosomes in other species of pine and perhaps other genera of conifers. C1 JOHN INNES CTR PLANT SCI RES,KARYOBIOL GRP,NORWICH NR4 7UH,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RP DOUDRICK, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO INST FOREST GENET,SAUCIER,MS 39574, USA. RI Heslop-Harrison, JS/C-9207-2009 OI Heslop-Harrison, JS/0000-0002-3105-2167 NR 44 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 86 IS 4 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RN201 UT WOS:A1995RN20100006 ER PT J AU SHETTY, NJ KUMAR, P NARANG, SK FOGLESONG, PD JOSLYN, DJ AF SHETTY, NJ KUMAR, P NARANG, SK FOGLESONG, PD JOSLYN, DJ TI BROWN LARVA - AN ALLELE OF THE GREEN LARVA MUTATION IN THE MALARIA MOSQUITO, ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CAMDEN,NJ 08102. BANGALORE UNIV,CTR APPL GENET,BANGALORE,KARNATAKA,INDIA. USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 86 IS 4 BP 309 EP 311 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RN201 UT WOS:A1995RN20100013 PM 7657999 ER PT J AU OBENLAND, DM RIJ, RE AUNG, LH AF OBENLAND, DM RIJ, RE AUNG, LH TI HEAT-INDUCED ALTERATION OF METHANETHIOL EMISSION FROM ANAEROBIC BROCCOLI FLORETS SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; STORAGE; QUALITY AB The influence of heat applied before and during the imposition;of anaerobic conditions on methanethiol (MT) production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) was studied, Ten minute heat treatments of temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 degrees C imposed on broccoli florets prior to the initiation of 18 h of anaerobic conditions strikingly altered the course of MT production and respiration. Heat treatment at 40 and 45 degrees C greatly diminished MT production compared with 25 degrees C during the first 6 h. In contrast, MT production was stimulated at 55 degrees C and completely eliminated at 60 degrees C. The respiratory rate of broccoli treated at 50 degrees C was increased, whereas at 45, 55 and 60 degrees C the rates were decreased compared with that of 25 degrees C. The rate of respiration at 40 degrees C was similar to that at 25 degrees C. The amount of hydrogen sulfide (HS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), two other sulfur gases also emitted under anaerobic conditions, was increased by heat treatment. Heat treatment given concurrently with the formation of MT during 24 h of anaerobiosis increased MT production and respiration. The relative amounts of HS, DMDS and MT were unchanged by heat treatment. The results indicated that the mechanism for MT production in broccoli is highly sensitive to alteration by heat. RP OBENLAND, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI JI J. Horticult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 70 IS 4 BP 657 EP 663 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RK169 UT WOS:A1995RK16900017 ER PT J AU KATZ, DM WATTS, FJ BURROUGHS, ER AF KATZ, DM WATTS, FJ BURROUGHS, ER TI EFFECTS OF SURFACE-ROUGHNESS AND RAINFALL IMPACT ON OVERLAND-FLOW SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATOR AB Bed roughness and rainfall impact affect hydraulic friction in overland flow. The relationship between friction, velocity, discharge, and channel slope was examined for the case of shallow, spatially varied flow on rough surfaces. Rainfall was simulated on artificially roughened surfaces in a laboratory. Measured flow velocities were compared to theoretical velocities computed from a dynamic equation for spatially varied flow and from the Darcy-Weisbach uniform flow equation. The measurements showed that the constant that relates the Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient to Reynolds number can become larger than the theoretical value for smooth laminar flow. An analysis of the dynamic equation showed that frictional forces were much larger than forces resulting from changes in hydrostatic pressure and momentum. Water-surface profiles based on the Darcy-Weisbach friction equation nearly matched those from the dynamic equation for spatially varied flow. A regression was developed from the Darcy-Weisbach equation. The regression accurately predicted flow velocity when absolute roughness, rainfall rate, channel discharge, slope, slope length, and viscosity were known. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP KATZ, DM (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,201 N 3RD ST,WALLA WALLA,WA 99362, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1995 VL 121 IS 7 BP 546 EP 553 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:7(546) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA RD136 UT WOS:A1995RD13600006 ER PT J AU RISSE, LM NEARING, MA ZHANG, XC AF RISSE, LM NEARING, MA ZHANG, XC TI VARIABILITY IN GREEN-AMPT EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY UNDER FALLOW CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EROSION MODEL; SOILS AB Hydraulic conductivity of the soil matrix dynamically responds to changes in the surrounding environment. Therefore, infiltration parameters for the Green-Ampt equation should change for each storm event in continuous simulation models. This study focused on improving Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model estimates of runoff using over 220 plot-years of natural runoff plot data from 11 locations. By optimizing the effective Green-Ampt hydraulic conductivity, K-e, for each event within the simulation, a method of correlating hydraulic conductivity on any given day to many other parameters was established. Factors with significant correlation to optimized values of K-e fell into three distinct categories; (1) factors related to soil crusting and tillage; (2) factors related to event size; (3) factors related to antecedent moisture conditions. Equations were developed to represent the temporal variability of hydraulic conductivity for each group. The equation describing the decrease in hydraulic conductivity owing to crusting used an exponential decay function based primarily on cumulative rainfall kinetic energy since last tillage, a soil stability factor, and a crust factor. The relationship between hydraulic conductivity and event size was characterized using an exponential relationship with total rainfall kinetic energy. The final adjustment used the moisture content immediately below the infiltration zone to account for the influence of antecedent moisture conditions on optimized hydraulic conductivities. All three adjustments were incrementally incorporated into WEPP and each improved the average model efficiency. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47905. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 169 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02676-3 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA RD352 UT WOS:A1995RD35200001 ER PT J AU SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA AF SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA TI EXPRESSION OF STREPTOMYCES MELC AND CHOA GENES BY A CLONED STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS PROMOTER STP2201 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA; PROMOTER; MELANIN; TYROSINASE; CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE ID CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE GENE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TYROSINASE GENE; LIVIDANS; CLONING; ANTIBIOTICUS; PLASMIDS; BACTERIA; VECTORS AB Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) chromosomal DNA (chr DNA) fragments having promoter activity were cloned and selected in Escherichia coli using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-(cat-) based promoter-probe vector pKK520-3, Insertion of a promoterless streptomycete melanin biosynthesis operon (melC) downstream from the promoters of the library further identified clone STP2201 as a strong promoter in E. coli, Subcloning of a STP2201-melC DNA fragment into the pMEU-series S. thermophilus - E. coli shuttle vectors yielded pEU5xML2201x plasmids that conferred Mel(+) phenotype to E. coli. The pEU5aML2201a was further shown to afford a high level of tyrosinase production (2 units mg(-1) protein) in E. coli, and to produce an apparently inactive melC gene product that reacts with anti-tyrosinase antiserum in S. thermophilus. Substituting melC with a streptomycete cholesterol oxidase gene (choA) in the same orientation yielded pEU5aCH2201a that conferred ChoA activity to an E. coli transformant at a level of (1.06 +/- 0.15) x 10(-7) units mg(-1) protein, Introduction of this plasmid into S. thermophilus by electrotransformation yielded ChoA(+) transformant that produced the enzyme at about 25% of the level found in E. coli. RP SOLAIMAN, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 15 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1007/BF01570011 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RQ028 UT WOS:A1995RQ02800007 PM 7662296 ER PT J AU ADAMS, TS NELSON, DR BLOMQUIST, GJ AF ADAMS, TS NELSON, DR BLOMQUIST, GJ TI EFFECT OF ENDOCRINE ORGANS AND HORMONES ON (Z)-9-TRICOSENE LEVELS IN THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL LIPIDS OF FEMALE HOUSE-FLIES, MUSCA-DOMESTICA SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE (Z)-9-HEPTACOSENE; ECDYSONE; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; METHOPRENE; CORPUS ALLATUM; CORPUS CARDIACUM; OVARY; DIET ID SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; VITELLOGENIN LEVELS; OVARIAN MATURATION; HYDROCARBONS; HEMOLYMPH; DIET; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; LIPOPHORIN; INDUCTION; TRANSPORT AB When flies were maintained on sucrose, allatectomized or had the corpus allatum-cardiacum complex removed, (Z)-9-tricosene (Z9-23:HY) was present both internally and externally, Ovariectomy resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of both internal and external Z9-23:HY, and an increase in the amount of the major alkene, (Z)-9-heptacosene (Z9-27:HY) when compared with the controls, The surgical treatments did not prevent the appearance of Z9-23:HY on the surface, but there was 10-19 times more Z9-23:HY found internally than externally, The amount of Z9-27:HY was about equally distributed between the internal and surface lipids and was not altered significantly by allatectomy, removal of the corpus allatum-cardiacum complex or ovariectomy, When ovariectomized flies were injected with 20-hydroxyecdysone or ecdysone, Z9-23:HY synthesis was induced, Ecdysone was about three times more effective in stimulating Z9-23:HY synthesis than was 20-hydroxyecdysone. As the amount of Z9-23:HY increased, Z9-27:HY decreased, Flies maintained on sucrose had more Z9-23:HY on the surface and less internally when compared with the protein-fed flies and had ratios (external/internal) of 0.53 and 0.18, respectively, Treating sucrose-fed flies with methoprene resulted in a nearly equal distribution of Z9-23:HY between the internal and external lipids and resulted in a ratio of 0.88 by 72 h post-treatment, Thus, flies on the sucrose diet had a ratio that was three times larger than the protein-fed flies, and when sucrose-fed flies were treated with methoprene the ratio was five times larger. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOCHEM,RENO,NV 89557. RP ADAMS, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 41 IS 7 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(95)00003-D PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA RJ094 UT WOS:A1995RJ09400009 ER PT J AU KOLLER, CN BAUER, LS HOLLINGWORTH, RM AF KOLLER, CN BAUER, LS HOLLINGWORTH, RM TI A METHOD FOR IN-VIVO RADIOLABELING BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS NATIVE DELTA-ENDOTOXIN CRYSTALS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note ID STRAIN C1 US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. RP MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, PESTICIDE RES CTR, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 66 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 DI 10.1006/jipa.1995.1066 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RP682 UT WOS:A1995RP68200015 ER PT J AU MARTI, OG ROGERS, CE STYER, EL AF MARTI, OG ROGERS, CE STYER, EL TI REPORT OF AN INTRACELLULAR BACTERIAL SYMBIONT IN NOCTUIDONEMA GUYANENSE, AN ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE OF SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note ID APHELENCHOIDIDAE; MICROORGANISM; LEPIDOPTERA; HETERODERA; TISSUES; LARVAE C1 UNIV GEORGIA,VET DIAGNOST & INVEST LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP MARTI, OG (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 66 IS 1 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.1006/jipa.1995.1068 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RP682 UT WOS:A1995RP68200017 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM AF IGNOFFO, CM TI RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF LARVAE OF HELICOVERPA (HELIOTHIS) ZEA TO INTRAHEMOCOELIC INJECTIONS OF INVERTEBRATE AND VERTEBRATE TOXINS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note ID BACULOVIRUS; GENE; CONSTRUCTION; INSECTICIDE; EXPRESSION; VENOMS RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,1503 S PROVIDENCE RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65203, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 66 IS 1 BP 97 EP 98 DI 10.1006/jipa.1995.1069 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RP682 UT WOS:A1995RP68200018 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DL PERRY, CD EVANS, RO IZUNO, FT STONE, KC GILLIAM, JW AF THOMAS, DL PERRY, CD EVANS, RO IZUNO, FT STONE, KC GILLIAM, JW TI AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE EFFECTS ON WATER-QUALITY IN SOUTHEASTERN US SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Irrigation and Drainage Conference CY JUL, 1993 CL PARK CITY, UT ID TABLE MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM-DESIGN; NITRATE; LOSSES AB A review of literature and Summary of research results are presented on the effects of drainage on water quality in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Principal findings from the pre-dominate coarse-textured soils of the Atlantic Coastal Plain include increased nitrate-nitrogen losses associated with improved subsurface drainage. Benefits of drainage include potential reductions in organic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from these mineral soils. Results of drainage investigations on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area of Florida indicate that phosphorus is the primary limiting factor for eutrophication problems in Lake Okeechobee. P losses can be potentially reduced by using slow versus fast drainage, retaining drainage water from vegetable and sugarcane fields (on sugarcane or fallow areas), and minimizing water-table fluctuations. Some of these potential practices and their resultant effects need additional verification for application to other areas and conditions. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. USDA ARS,COAST PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP THOMAS, DL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 121 IS 4 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1995)121:4(277) PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA RK455 UT WOS:A1995RK45500003 ER PT J AU BACKLUND, VL ROSS, EA WILLEY, PH SPOFFORD, TL RENNER, DM AF BACKLUND, VL ROSS, EA WILLEY, PH SPOFFORD, TL RENNER, DM TI EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE ON WATER-QUALITY IN HUMID PORTION OF PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Irrigation and Drainage Conference CY JUL, 1993 CL PARK CITY, UT AB Agricultural drainage first began in Washington State around 1830 and in Oregon around 1840. The first efforts to drain soils for agricultural use began by constructing shallow ditches spaced 18-20m apart to remove excess surface waters from croplands. Farming of poorly drained soils was done by these systems of beds until the 1930s. These beds interfered with the use of modern machinery and in the 1930s the establishment of beds was diminishing in favor of subsurface tile systems. Between 1930 and 1980 there was a substantial increase in subsurface-tile-drainage activity, which peaked during the 1960s. Since 1985, installations of subsurface and surface drainage have gradually diminished, and constuction of drainage systems has been limited to replacement of failed or deteriorated systems. By reducing saturated soil conditions through subsurface drainage, surface-water quality has benefited by reductions of nutrients and pesticides associated with surface runoff. With the increase of agricultural (dairy) waste applications to cropland, additional research is needed to quantify the impacts of subsurface drainage on ground- and surface-water quality. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,STATE OFC,PORTLAND,OR 97204. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,OLYMPIA,WA 98501. RP BACKLUND, VL (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,W NAT TECH CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97209, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 121 IS 4 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1995)121:4(289) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA RK455 UT WOS:A1995RK45500005 ER PT J AU BENGTSON, RL CARTER, CE FOUSS, JL SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH AF BENGTSON, RL CARTER, CE FOUSS, JL SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH TI AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE AND WATER-QUALITY IN MISSISSIPPI DELTA SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Irrigation and Drainage Conference CY JUL, 1993 CL PARK CITY, UT ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; LOSSES; METOLACHLOR; LOUISIANA; ATRAZINE AB Drainage is an essential land-management practice for growing crops in the Lower Mississippi Valley and Gulf coastal areas. Current crop production and water-management methods pose significant potential for surface acid ground-water contamination. Management practices need to be identified, evaluated, and refined so that threats to water quality can be eliminated without significant loss in productivity. Sediment and nutrient (N, P, K) losses were measured from research plots with surface drainage only and from plots with both surface and subsurface drainage for all or part of the decade 1982-1991. During the 1987 growing season, losses of pesticides (atrazine and metolachlor) were also measured. Subsurface drainage was effective in reducing surface runoff by an average of 35%, and thus reduced soil loss by 31%, nitrogen loss by 17%, phosphorus loss by 31%, and potassium loss by 27%. For the 1987 season, losses of preemergent applied herbicides from the plots with subsurface drainage were less than one-half that from plots with surface drainage only: 1.4% versus 3.2% of applied for atrazine, and 1.1% versus 2.4% of applied for metolachlor. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA. RP BENGTSON, RL (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,E B DORAN BUILD,ROOM 177,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 121 IS 4 BP 292 EP 295 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1995)121:4(292) PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA RK455 UT WOS:A1995RK45500006 ER PT J AU SHIRMOHAMMADI, A WENBERG, RD RITTER, WF AF SHIRMOHAMMADI, A WENBERG, RD RITTER, WF TI EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE ON WATER-QUALITY IN MID-ATLANTIC STATES SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Irrigation and Drainage Conference CY JUL, 1993 CL PARK CITY, UT ID TABLE MANAGEMENT; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; COASTAL-PLAIN; LOSSES; NITRATE; SOIL AB Agricultural drainage development in the form of drainage alone and controlled drainage-subirrigation (CD-SI) has created environmental concerns. The primary concern is increased loading of nutrients, pesticides, and sediments to environmentally sensitive waters. Productive steps to address these concerns are hampered by the lack of research data and the lack of public knowledge of the history, development, design, and water-quality impacts of these systems. The research activities of the 1970s and 1980s in some states have provided information on the adverse and beneficial impacts of agricultural drainage and overall water-table-management systems. This paper reviews the history, magnitude, institutional and social constraints, and the water-quality impacts of agricultural drainage in the Mid-Atlantic states (New jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia). It also provides examples of the results from selected research activities in these states. Finally, this paper provides some thoughts on research needs. Overall, this study concludes that the research data on the impact of agricultural drainage on water quality and design guidelines for the specific geologic conditions of the Mid-Atlantic states is limited and in many instances nonexistent. Drainage legislation in these states has a history of success in forming drainage districts and associations, although accurate research data are needed to address the environmental concerns (negative and positive) of these systems. C1 WATER RESOUR MGMT,FAIRFAX STN,VA 22039. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT AGR ENGN,NEWARK,DE 19717. USDA ARS,TIDEWATER EXPT STN,SUFFOLK,VA 23437. RP SHIRMOHAMMADI, A (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 121 IS 4 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1995)121:4(302) PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA RK455 UT WOS:A1995RK45500008 ER PT J AU HOLBROOK, FR TABACHNICK, WJ AF HOLBROOK, FR TABACHNICK, WJ TI CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) COMPLEX IN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CULICOIDES VARIIPENNIS; GENETICS; SUBSPECIES ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; POPULATIONS; VECTOR AB Genetic relationships were examined among 24 collections, representing 23 populations of Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) using isozyme electrophoresis of 11 protein encoding loci. The populations were collected from alkaline or fresh water larval habitats in California. Distance analysis demonstrated that C. v. occidentalis Wirth and Jones and C. v. sonorensis Wirth and Jones are genetically distinct. All C. v. occidentalis were geographically isolated from each other in highly alkaline or saline larval habitats, whereas C. v. sonorensis populations were collected from artificial freshwater habitats that were polluted with organic wastes. Higher levels of gene flow were found between C. v. sonorensis populations than from C. v. sonorensis populations to nearby C. v. occidentalis populations, indicative of genetic isolation between subspecies. Northern California C. v. sonorensis were genetically distinguishable from southern California C. v. sonorensis. The relationship between this variation and bluetongue disease epidemiology in California is discussed. RP HOLBROOK, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 32 IS 4 BP 413 EP 419 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA RG291 UT WOS:A1995RG29100004 PM 7650699 ER PT J AU BECNEL, JJ GARCIA, JJ JOHNSON, MA AF BECNEL, JJ GARCIA, JJ JOHNSON, MA TI EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS (MICROSPORA, CULICOSPORIDAE) EFFECTS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF AEDES-AEGYPTI (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EDHAZARDIA AEDIS; AEDES AEGYPTI; REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MICROSPORIDIA ID NOSEMA-ALGERAE; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; BODY SIZE; AMBLYOSPORIDAE; INFECTION AB The influence of the microsporidium Edhazardia aedis (Kudo) on the survival and reproduction of its mosquito host, Aedes aegypti (L.), was studied in the laboratory. Survival, fecundity egg hatch, and percentage of emergence for 4 gonotrophic cycles were compared for control and infected mosquitoes. Control females oviposited an average of 123.1 eggs over 4 gonotrophic cycles, 86.1% of which hatched, whereas infected females laid an average of 38.0 eggs with a 69.3% hatch. Emergence in progeny of infected female Ae. aegypti was significantly less than for control mosquitoes in all gonotrophic cycles. The reproductive capacity (R(o)) for control and infected adults was 168.4 and 4.1, respectively, representing a decrease of 98.2%. Overall infection levels in progeny of infected females was 95.7%, of which 46.6% were lethal, larval infections. Infected female survivors were capable of initiating infections in F-2 progeny. Wing length, often used as an indicator of fitness, was not significantly different between infected and control adults. RP BECNEL, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. OI Rotstein, Margaret/0000-0002-5055-8278 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 32 IS 4 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA RG291 UT WOS:A1995RG29100024 PM 7650718 ER PT J AU WCISLO, WT BUCHMANN, SL AF WCISLO, WT BUCHMANN, SL TI MATING-BEHAVIOR IN THE BEES, DIEUNOMIA-HETEROPODA AND NOMIA-TETRAZONATA, WITH A REVIEW OF COURTSHIP IN NOMIINAE (HYMENOPTERA, HALICTIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE MATING BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL SELECTION; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION ID TRIANGULIFERA VACHAL HYMENOPTERA; EVOLUTION AB Males of many bees in the subfamily Nomiinae (Halictidae) have numerous secondary sexual characters, which provide much systematic information. Similarly, the use of these structures by males during sexual behaviour may provide useful characters, but the courtship and copulatory behaviour of most of these bees is not known. Structures and behaviour used for courtship and mating are described for two species of nomiine bees, Dieunomia heteropoda and Nomia tetrazonata, along with brief observations of mating in a parasitic bee, Triepeolus verbesinae (Apidae: Nomadinae). A review of mating behaviour within the Nomiinae shows no obvious phyletic patterns, based upon present limited knowledge. The species-specific nature of the male secondary sexual characters suggests they may have evolved in the context of sexual selection, but behavioural data from populations of additional species are needed to evaluate the hypothesis adequately. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR INSECT SCI,TUCSON,AZ. USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1027 DI 10.1080/00222939500770391 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RL847 UT WOS:A1995RL84700012 ER PT J AU GLAHN, RP GANGLOFF, MB VANCAMPEN, DR MILLER, DD WIEN, EM NORVELL, WA AF GLAHN, RP GANGLOFF, MB VANCAMPEN, DR MILLER, DD WIEN, EM NORVELL, WA TI BATHOPHENANTHROLENE DISULFONIC ACID AND SODIUM DITHIONITE EFFECTIVELY REMOVE SURFACE-BOUND IRON FROM CACO-2 CELL MONOLAYERS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CACO-2; IRON UPTAKE; FERRITIN; IRON REMOVAL ID SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; LINE CACO-2; MODEL; DIFFERENTIATION; INVITRO; SYSTEM AB Iron uptake by Caco-2 cell monolayers is commonly assessed by incubating the cells under radiolabeled iron solutions, removing the radiolabeled solution, rinsing to stop uptake and measuring the radioactivity retained by the cells. It is therefore essential to differentiate between iron that is nonspecifically bound to the cell surface from that which has been taken up by the cell. We report here on a method for removal of surface bound iron from Caco-2 cell monolayers. We used a 140 mmol/L NaCl, 10 mmol/L PIPES, pH 6.7 solution containing 5.0 mmol/L sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) and 5.0 mmol/L bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid to reduce, remove and chelate iron bound to the cell surface. We validated our method by demonstrating the removal of 97% of an insoluble iron complex from the apical surface of Caco-2 cell monolayers. Our data indicate that the removal solution does not damage the apical membrane and thereby does not have access to intracellular iron; thus only surface bound iron is removed. The remaining cell-associated iron represents that which has been transported into the cell. We present data on the uptake and nonspecific binding of iron from iron complexes of both ferrous and ferric forms, and show that iron removal treatment resulted in uptake measurements that agree more closely with accepted principles of iron uptake by intestinal epithelium. The iron removal method used in this study should provide investigators with a valuable tool for accurately determining iron uptake by epithelial cells in culture. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GLAHN, RP (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 125 IS 7 BP 1833 EP 1840 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RJ064 UT WOS:A1995RJ06400005 PM 7616298 ER PT J AU RIBAYAMERCADO, JD GARMYN, M GILCHREST, BA RUSSELL, RM AF RIBAYAMERCADO, JD GARMYN, M GILCHREST, BA RUSSELL, RM TI SKIN LYCOPENE IS DESTROYED PREFERENTIALLY OVER BETA-CAROTENE DURING ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATION IN HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE; SKIN CAROTENOIDS; LYCOPENE; ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; HUMANS ID VITAMIN-A; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; SERUM; TISSUES; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; PROTECT; SYSTEMS; RETINOL AB This placebo-controlled study examined in healthy women the effects of ingestion of a single large dose of beta-carotene (120 mg) on the concentrations of beta-carotene and lycopene in plasma and skin, and the effects of UV light exposure on the concentrations of beta-carotene and lycopene in the skin. Ingestion of beta-carotene increased plasma beta-carotene concentration by 127%, from 0.26 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SEM) to 0.59 +/- 0.07 mu mol/L after 1 d, and the level remained elevated at 0.54 +/- 0.11 mu mol/L after 5 d. beta-Carotene in skin, analyzed after 6 d, increased by 23%, from 1.41 +/- 0.74 to 1.74 +/- 0.72 nmol/g. beta-Carotene ingestion had no effect on the lycopene concentrations of plasma (0.37 +/- 0.11 mu mol/L) or skin (1.60 +/- 0.62 nmol/g). A single exposure of a small area of one volar forearm to a dose of solar-simulated light (three times the individually determined minimal erythema dose) resulted in 31 to 46% reductions in skin lycopene concentration compared with an adjacent non-exposed area. The same UV dose did not result in significant changes in skin beta-carotene concentration. We conclude that a single 120-mg dose of beta-carotene increases plasma and skin beta-carotene concentrations and has no effect on plasma and skin lycopene concentrations. The amounts of lycopene in plasma and skin are comparable to or even greater than those of beta-carotene. When skin is subjected to UV light stress, more skin lycopene is destroyed compared with beta-carotene, suggesting a role of lycopene in mitigating oxidative damage in tissues. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. RP RIBAYAMERCADO, JD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 36 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 125 IS 7 BP 1854 EP 1859 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RJ064 UT WOS:A1995RJ06400008 PM 7616301 ER PT J AU TANG, GG BLANCO, MC FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM AF TANG, GG BLANCO, MC FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM TI SUPPLEMENTING FERRETS WITH CANTHAXANTHIN AFFECTS THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTIONS OF CANTHAXANTHIN, ETHER CAROTENOIDS, VITAMIN-A AND VITAMIN-E SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CAROTENOIDS; CANTHAXANTHIN; FERRETS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ID BETA-CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; RATS AB To study the effects of canthaxanthin supplementation on the tissue distribution of canthaxanthin, other carotenoids, vitamin A and vitamin E, 26 spayed female ferrets (2 mo of age) were used. Ferrets were assigned to receive a commercial ferret diet and a gavage of canthaxanthin [50 mg/(kg body wt . d)] or a gavage of placebo beadlets (0 mg canthaxanthin) 5 d/wk. Serum canthaxanthin concentrations in the canthaxanthin-fed group increased from 0 at baseline to 37.76 +/- 5.34 nmol/L trans and 77.10 +/- 12.60 nmol/L cis canthaxanthin at 12 mo. Further accumulation of canthaxanthin did not occur with continuous dosing. After 2 y of receiving canthaxanthin beadlets by gavage, the ferrets did not show a detectable concentration of canthaxanthin in the eyes, nor did they have clinical signs of toxicity. Canthaxanthin concentrations were highest in liver, with high concentrations also seen in fat, lung and small intestine. The sum of alpha and beta-carotene concentrations detected in livers was significantly higher in the canthaxanthin-fed group than in the placebo-fed group, but not significantly higher when individual carotenes were compared. However, alpha-tocopherol concentrations in the livers and lungs and lutein/zeaxanthin in the fats of the ferrets fed canthaxanthin were significantly lower than in those fed the placebo. Retinoid concentrations in tissues of the ferrets fed canthaxanthin were not different from those of the placebo-fed group. The effects of canthaxanthin supplementation on other antioxidants and vitamin A nutrients demonstrate either a synergistic or antagonistic relationship, depending on the specific tissue assayed. C1 MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP TANG, GG (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR07036, RR01046] NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 125 IS 7 BP 1945 EP 1951 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RJ064 UT WOS:A1995RJ06400019 PM 7616312 ER PT J AU HAYTOWITZ, DB AF HAYTOWITZ, DB TI INFORMATION FROM USDAS NUTRIENT DATA-BANK SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE NUTRIENT DATA; FOOD COMPOSITION; ELECTRONIC DATA; INTERNET AB The United States Department of Agriculture's Nutrient Data Bank contains a wealth of information on the composition of foods. These data are made available to the public through Agriculture Handbook No. 8, Composition of Foods: Raw, Processed, Prepared, its computerized form-the USDA Nutrient Data Base for Standard Reference, and other publications. Food components in Agriculture Handbook No. 8 include proximate components, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, cholesterol, phytosterols, and amino acids. Other tables and data sets containing food components of special interest such as vitamins D and K, selenium, and sugars, are also available. This paper describes how to obtain the data in either printed or electronic form. information on obtaining the data through the Nutrient Data Bank Bulletin Board or the Internet is also presented. RP HAYTOWITZ, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT DATA LAB,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 125 IS 7 BP 1952 EP 1955 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RJ064 UT WOS:A1995RJ06400020 PM 7616313 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, JF FOX, JJ CLEVELAND, LE WELSH, S AF GUTHRIE, JF FOX, JJ CLEVELAND, LE WELSH, S TI WHO USES NUTRITION LABELING, AND WHAT EFFECTS DOES LABEL USE HAVE ON DIET QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Information on the characteristics of individuals using nutrition labeling and the effects of label use on diet quality can be used to guide the development of more effective consumer education programs. For this study, data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 1989 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) and Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) were used to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related characteristics and the nutrition-related knowledge and attitudes that were associated with label use. This analysis employed a theoretical model of determinants of label use that was based on an economic model of information search. Characteristics found to be positively associated with the likelihood of using nutrition labeling were having at least some college education, being female, living with others rather than living alone, being more knowledgeable about nutrition, believing that following the principles of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is important, and being more concerned about nutrition and product safety and less about taste when shopping for food. Having identified the characteristics of label users, this information was used in a model of nutrient consumption that was based on consumer demand theory. A selectivity analysis was employed to correct for potential self-selection bias on label use. Label use appeared to be associated with the consumption of diets that were higher in vitamin C and lower in cholesterol. However, label use in 1989 did not significantly influence the intake of 24 other food components investigated. RP GUTHRIE, JF (reprint author), USDA,10-M SOUTH WAY,GREENBELT,MD 20770, USA. NR 0 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 10 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON ST, PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 163 EP 172 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RN302 UT WOS:A1995RN30200003 ER PT J AU WERMAN, MJ BHATHENA, SJ AF WERMAN, MJ BHATHENA, SJ TI FRUCTOSE METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN THE RAT-LIVER AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS - INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DIETARY COPPER, TYPE OF CARBOHYDRATES, AND GENDER SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FRUCTOSE; ENZYMES; LIVER; COPPER DEFICIENCY; GENDER; RAT ID DEFICIENT RATS; MORTALITY; SORBITOL; SUCROSE; STARCH; ZINC AB This study was conducted to determine the effects of nutrient interactions between dietary carbohydrates and copper levels on fructose-metabolizing hepatic enzymes in male and female rats. Male and female rats were fed diets for 5 weeks that were either adequate or deficient in copper that contained either starch or fructose. Rats of both sexes fed fructose as compared with those fed starch showed higher activity of hepatic fructose metabolizing enzymes. There were also significant differences in fructose metabolism of liver between the male and female rats. Female rats had lower hepatic ketohexokinase and triose kinase but higher triosephosphate isomerase activities compared with male rats. Male rats fed copper-deficient diets had lower aldolase B activity compared with those fed copper-adequate diets. Female rats fed copper-deficient diets had higher triosephosphate isomerase activity compared with rats fed copper-adequate diets. Our data suggest that gender differences in hepatic fructose metabolism may not be the primary reason for the severity of copper deficiency syndrome in male rats fed copper-deficient diet with fructose. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BHNRC,METAB & NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 6 IS 7 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(95)80005-W PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RH216 UT WOS:A1995RH21600005 ER PT J AU MILLER, RG JAHOOR, F JAKSIC, T AF MILLER, RG JAHOOR, F JAKSIC, T TI DECREASED CYSTEINE AND PROLINE SYNTHESIS IN PARENTERALLY FED, PREMATURE-INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Surgery of the American-Academy-of-Pediatrics CY OCT 21-23, 1994 CL DALLAS, TX SP Aner Acad Pediat, Sect Surg DE STABLE ISOTOPE; NEWBORN; AMINO ACID; METABOLISM; NUTRITION ID AMINO-ACID; TAURINE AB Little is known about the amino acid (AA) biosynthetic capacity and requirements of premature infants. This study assessed the synthesis of seven biochemically nonessential AA from a universal precursor, glucose, in stable, parenterally fed, premature neonates. Seven infants (six boys, one girl) were studied at a mean age of 6.3 +/- 0.6 (SEM) days; mean gestational age was 29.7 +/- 1.3 (SEM) weeks, and mean birth weight was 1.222.8 +/- 176.5 (SEM) grams. All infants were parenterally fed a mixture of 7.5% to 12.5% dextrose and 2.2% Trophamine, with or without lipid. Mean caloric intake was 93 +/- 8.4 (SEM) kcal/kg/d, and total AA intake was standardized at 2.86 g/kg/d AA, plus supplemental cysteine (30 mg/g AA/d). Each infant received a 4-hour continuous, unprimed intravenous infusion of a stable isotope tracer of D-[(UC)-C-13] glucose (200 mg/kg). Blood samples were obtained before and at the end of the infusion. Conversion of the glucose tracer into seven biochemically nonessential AA (cysteine [Cys], proline [Pro], aspartate [Asp], serine [Ser], glutamate [Glu], alanine [Ala], and glycine [Gly]) was assessed by measuring their isotopic enrichment in plasma, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and expressed as mole percent excess (MPE) (mean +/- SEM). The isotopic enrichment of plasma glucose was also measured using GC/MS. Free plasma AA concentrations (mean +/- SD) were measured using an automated amino acid analyzer. Mean MPE for M + 1, M + 2 and M + 3 Cys, and for M + 1 and M + 3 Pro were not significantly different from 0; M + 2 Pro barely achieved statistical significance (P =.048). In contrast, there was significant (P <.05) enrichment of all isotopomers of all the other test AA except M + 2 Ala (P =.06). The mean free plasma Cys concentration (29.2 +/- 13.4 mu mol/L) was five-fold lower than the published value for term infants (153 +/- 25.5 mu mol/L), despite supplementation. Detectable enrichment of all glucose isotopomers confirmed precursor incorporation into the glycolytic/gluconeogenic pathways; the M + 6 isotopomer (precursor) enrichment was 6.87 +/- 0.53 MPE. These results provide in vivo evidence to suggest that Cys and Pro are essential amino acids in parenterally fed, premature neonates. Copyright (C) 1995 By W.B. Saunders Company. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,CTR CLIN CARE,DEPT PEDIAT SURG,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,CORA & WEBB MADING DEPT SURG,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 953 EP 958 DI 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90320-8 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA RL118 UT WOS:A1995RL11800010 PM 7472952 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, WA COLEMAN, SW AF PHILLIPS, WA COLEMAN, SW TI PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC RETURN OF 3 WARM-SEASON GRASS STOCKER SYSTEMS FOR THE SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Production per animal and per acre and input cost and returns were determined on three grazing systems, native range (NR), bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon] (B), and Old World Bluestem (OWB) during the summers of 1987 through 1989. Each system was managed based on the best recommended practices. Calves obtained from commercial sources in May were randomly assigned to each system. They averaged 497, 491, and 565 Ib body weight for each of the 3 yr. All pastures were burned each year to remove old residue, but only B and OWE pastures were fertilized with 70 to 150 lb of N/acre, Data were analyzed across years as a randomized block using a model containing years, forage, and year X forage. Because stocking rates were greater, B and OWE provided more (P > 0.05) animal units per acre than the NR system. Steers grazing NR and OWE pastures had greater average daily gain (ADG) (P > 0.01) and gain per head than steers grazing B pastures. However, total animal gain per acre was greater (P < 0.01) from B and OWE than from NR pastures. The cost per acre of forage and fencing were $4.34, $33.77, and $27.68 for the NR, B, and OWE pastures, respectively. These costs represented only a third of the total cost of production, which includes interest, labor, marketing, and fixed cost. The NR system had the lowest forage production cost and was profitable all 3 yr, while the OWE system was profitable 2 out of 3 yr and the B system in only 1 yr, Stocker systems based on NR have less variability in return per acre and cost per acre than systems based on B or OWE; however, the potential for large economic returns are greater for systems based on introduced warm season grasses. RP PHILLIPS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 334 EP 339 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RG318 UT WOS:A1995RG31800003 ER PT J AU PFISTER, JA MANNERS, GD AF PFISTER, JA MANNERS, GD TI EFFECTS OF CARBACHOL ADMINISTRATION IN CATTLE GRAZING TALL LARKSPUR-INFESTED RANGE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CHOLINERGIC; DELPHINIUM BARBEYI; DIET SELECTION; ALKALOIDS; ANIMAL NUTRITION; TOXIC PLANTS; RATE OF PASSAGE ID FLUID DILUTION RATE; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; RUMEN FERMENTATION; MINERAL SALTS; MANIPULATION; PHENOLOGY; STEERS AB Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi L, Huth,) toxicosis of cattle is a serious problem on western USA mountain rangelands, Manipulating the ruminal environment may decrease the susceptibility of cattle to larkspur intoxication, The cholinergic drug carbachol can greatly increase salivary flow and fluid passage rate in ruminants, Our objectives were to: (1) determine if chronic administration of carbachol altered ruminal fluid passage rate, ruminal pH, or water intake in grazing cattle, and (2) evaluate mineral salt supplementation as a prophylactic procedure for cattle grazing larkspur-infested rangelands, The study was conducted during summer of 1990 and 1991 near Yampa, Cole, Twelve heifers were divided randomly into 3 treatment groups: (1) carbachol administered at 0.01 mg . kg(-1). day(-1) via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps; (2) mineral-salt supplement dosed intraruminally at 0.25 g . kg(-1). day(-1); and (3) controls, Administration of carbachol either had no effect or a negative effect on ruminal fluid passage rate, ruminal pH, saliva production, and water intake compared with the controls, Carbachol had few consistent effects on serum electrolyte concentrations compared to the controls, Treatments did not influence cattle diet selection; cattle ate no larkspur during 1990, but selected larkspur for 16% of their diets during August, 1991, There was no indication that supplementation with mineral salt would attenuate larkspur toxicosis through increased dilution rates, or decreased larkspur consumption, Our results indicate that neither carbachol nor mineral supplementation will reduce animal susceptibility to larkspur toxicosis. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 48 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.2307/4002487 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RH224 UT WOS:A1995RH22400008 ER PT J AU WALKER, JW AF WALKER, JW TI VIEWPOINT - GRAZING MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH NOW AND IN THE NEXT MILLENNIUM SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PHILOSOPHY; HISTORY, TECHNOLOGY; GRAZING SYSTEMS; PARADIGM SHIFT; DIET SELECTION; GENETIC SELECTION ID DIET SELECTION; RANGE CONDITION; SHORT-DURATION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; CATTLE; THRESHOLDS; MECHANISMS; RUMINANTS; BACTERIA AB Livestock have been a key factor in the development of civilization, but what will their role be in the future and how should the science of rangeland management change to meet the challenges of the future? In this paper I look at current grazing management in the context of paradigm shifts and scientific revolution. The impact of livestock on rangelands occurs primarily because livestock selectively defoliate the available herbage rather than indiscriminately consuming herbage according to its availability. Grazing management via the use of traditional grazing systems does not appreciably affect selective foraging behavior. Trends of the future that will affect societal demands and available technologies include: 1) no Lack of resources or food; 2) increased concern for environmental quality; 3) greater demand for open space values of rangelands; and 4) geometric increase in the availability of technologies from molecular biology to solve management problems. The 4 principles of grazing management i.e., 1) timing, 2) distribution, 3) kind/class of livestock, and 4) stocking rate, will not change. Stocking rate is the most important variable in grazing management. If stocking rate is not near the proper level then regardless of other grazing management practices employed objectives will not be met. The ability to determine the proper stocking rate will be hindered by the inability to determine carrying capacity as it varies over time. To change the grazing habits of the animals we must work directly on the genetics of the animal. However, the way we manipulate and manage grazing animals will improve, and our ability to monitor the impact of grazing must also improve. In addition to commodity production, livestock grazed on natural plant communities will also have to simultaneously impact these communities to provide the types of habitat demanded by society. The most important emerging technology for the management of grazing livestock will be genetic manipulation using both classical selection procedures and genetic engineering. New technologies for monitoring impact of livestock on the rangeland resource and for setting and adjusting stocking rates will also be critical. Interdisciplinary research must be encouraged to meet the future demands. RP WALKER, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 91 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 48 IS 4 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.2307/4002488 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RH224 UT WOS:A1995RH22400009 ER PT J AU HAFERKAMP, MR ADAMS, DC BORMAN, MM GRINGS, EE CURRIE, PO AF HAFERKAMP, MR ADAMS, DC BORMAN, MM GRINGS, EE CURRIE, PO TI YIELD AND QUALITY OF RS-2, A QUACKGRASS X BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS HYBRID SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE FORAGE; IRRIGATION; PROTEIN; DIGESTIBILITY; NEWHY; NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS AB Understanding the effect of defoliation frequency and N fertilization on plant growth, Forage yield, and quality of RS-2, a quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski,] x bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh.) Love] hybrid, will help promote efficient use of this hybrid in livestock production systems, Plants were fertilized with 0, 112, or 224 kg N ha(-1) in spring 1988 and 1989, or with a 112+112 kg N ha(-1) split in spring and summer, One see of plants was unmowed or mowed to a 5-cm stubble height once in July or August in 1988 and another set was mowed initially in May, June, July, August, September, or October 1989 and monthly thereafter through October, Peak standing crop of unmowed plants was 3,470 kg ha(-1) in 1988 and 5,850 kg ha(-1) in 1989. In 1989 yields of fertilized plants exceeded those of unfertilized plants by 1,000 kg ha(-1). In 1988, crude protein exceeded 12% in unmowed forage and in 1989 varied from 20% in May to 840 in August, After fertilization, crude protein was increased by 2 to 4 percentage units in 1988 and by 2 percentage units in 1989, but fertilization had no effect on in vitro digestible organic matter, Regrowth contained more crude protein (15-22%) and digestible organic matter (29-40%) than unmowed forage, Sequential harvesting enhanced quality of regrowth, but standing crops did not exceed 350 kg ha(-1); except in June 1989, Sixty percent of the accumulated yield was harvested with the first mowing during May through August. Plots harvested initially in September and October were only harvested once, Our findings indicate an increase in forage yield potential and forage quality of RS-2 after harvesting and fertilizing the RS-2 hybrid. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,USDI,NBS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV NEBRASKA,WCREC,N PLATTE,NE 69101. RP HAFERKAMP, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 48 IS 4 BP 362 EP 369 DI 10.2307/4002490 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RH224 UT WOS:A1995RH22400011 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, HD GRIMES, RW HAMMOND, JM AF GUTHRIE, HD GRIMES, RW HAMMOND, JM TI CHANGES IN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-2 AND PROTEIN-3 IN FOLLICULAR-FLUID DURING ATRESIA OF FOLLICLES GROWN AFTER OVULATION IN PIGS SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID SYNTHESIS; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; OVARIAN GRANULOSA-CELLS; FACTOR-I; IGF-I; PROGESTERONE AGONIST; GONADOTROPINS; ALTRENOGEST; EXPRESSION; SECRETION AB In pigs, medium-sized follicles (3-6 mm in diameter), lost during preovulatory maturation, are rapidly replenished after ovulation, increasing tenfold in number between day 3 and day 8 of the oestrous cycle. The incidence of atresia in medium-sized follicles was previously found to increase between day 5 and day 7 after the onset of oestrus (day 0). This study was conducted to determine whether changes in concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in pig follicular fluid from medium-sized follicles were related to increased incidence of atresia. Individual follicles were isolated on days 5, 6 and 7 after oestrus from eleven pigs. Follicles were defined as atretic when they contained greater than or equal to 10% apoptotic granulosa cells (cells containing subdiploid amounts of DNA fluorescence determined by flow cytometry). Concentrations of IGFBP-2, and -3 were determined by ligand blot analysis with I-125-labelled insulin-like growth factor II and quantified by densitometry. The mean percentage of apoptotic cells per follicle increased (P less than or equal to 0.01) from 3.6 to 35.0 and the mean concentration of IGFBP-2, increased (P less than or equal to 0.001) 3.3-fold between day 5 and day 7 after oestrus. The concentration of IGFBP-3 did not differ significantly among days. Mean oestradiol concentration in follicular fluid decreased (P less than or equal to 0.05) from 52.3 to 0.9 ng ml(-1) between day 5 and day 7. Androstenedione concentrations in follicular fluid also decreased (P I 0.01) between day 5 and day 7, but progesterone did not differ significantly among days. The concentration of IGFBP-2 correlated positively with the percentage of apoptotic cells (r = 0.898, P less than or equal to 0.001). The concentration of IGFBP-2 did not correlate significantly with the concentration of follicular fluid steroids or of IGFBP-3. The concentration of IGFBP-2 was three times higher in atretic than in healthy follicles (P less than or equal to 0.001), but the concentration of IGFBP-3 did not differ significantly between atretic and healthy follicles. We conclude that increased production or accumulation of IGFBP-2, could play a role in the development of apoptosis among granulosa cells and increased follicular atresia between day 5 and day 7 after oestrus. In contrast, no physiological role for IGFBP-3 in apoptosis or atresia was indicated. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DEPT DIABET ENDOCRINOL & METAB,HERSHEY,PA 17033. RP GUTHRIE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD24565] NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 104 IS 2 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RM978 UT WOS:A1995RM97800008 PM 7473412 ER PT J AU JONES, OR DESPAIN, W AF JONES, OR DESPAIN, W TI CHINA - SOIL STUDIES AT ANSAI SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP JONES, OR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 50 IS 4 BP 336 EP 339 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RN183 UT WOS:A1995RN18300005 ER PT J AU QUANDT, LA WATTS, FC AF QUANDT, LA WATTS, FC TI STATE SOILS OF THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA,NRCS,CALLAHAN,FL. RP QUANDT, LA (reprint author), USDA,NRCS,NATL SOIL SURVEY CTR STAFF,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 50 IS 4 BP 340 EP 342 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RN183 UT WOS:A1995RN18300006 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, R WREN, S WARD, G MITCHELL, J ZAUNS, R PUNTENER, A SIEGLER, M BAILEY, DG MARMER, WN AF HAMMOND, R WREN, S WARD, G MITCHELL, J ZAUNS, R PUNTENER, A SIEGLER, M BAILEY, DG MARMER, WN TI SYMPOSIUM CHROME-FREE WET-WHITE .3. 90TH ANNUAL-MEETING OF THE AMERICAN-LEATHER-CHEMISTS-ASSOCIATION - POCONO-MANOR, PENNSYLVANIA - JUNE, 22, 1994 - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 ROHM & HAAS CO,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19105. CHEMTAN CO INC,EXETER,NH 03833. HENKEL CORP,GULPH MILLS,PA 19406. CIBA GEIGY LTD,BASEL,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP HAMMOND, R (reprint author), MILES INC,500 GRANT ST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15219, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 90 IS 7 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA RU099 UT WOS:A1995RU09900004 ER PT J AU JOUBRAN, R PARRIS, N DUDLEY, R COOKE, P AF JOUBRAN, R PARRIS, N DUDLEY, R COOKE, P TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF OIL REMOVAL FROM COTTON FABRICS THROUGH THE IN-SITU FORMATION OF MICROEMULSIONS BY SOLID-STATE NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COTTON FABRIC; MICROEMULSION; OIL REMOVAL; PHASE DIAGRAM; SOLID-STATE NMR ID OPTIMUM DETERGENCY CONDITIONS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS AB Solubilization and subsequent removal of soybean oil from cotton fabrics through the in situ formation of microemulsions were evaluated by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Regions of water-in-oil and oil-in-water microemulsions were identified for systems that contained polyoxyethylene (60) sorbitol hexaoleate, soybean oil, and an aqueous phase composed of water/ethanol or isopropanol (80:20 wt%) at 25 degrees C. The amount of oil removed from the cotton fabrics was determined by solid-state NMR after constructing a calibration curve relating the intensity of camphor/oil NMR signals (IcIo) to their molar ratio (M(c)M(o)). A precision Crockmeter (Mul-Tech Industries, New York, NY) was used to reproducibly remove soybean oil stain from cotton fabric, which was subsequently analyzed by NMR. Typically, more than 90% of the oil stain was removed after 200 revolutions of the Crockmeter finger with 2 wt% surfactant at 25 degrees C. Increasing the amount of surfactant to 6 wt% improved soybean oil removal from the fabric to 99 wt%. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 72 IS 7 BP 799 EP 803 DI 10.1007/BF02541028 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RH471 UT WOS:A1995RH47100006 ER PT J AU WOOD, BW AF WOOD, BW TI RELATIONSHIP OF REPRODUCTIVE AND VEGETATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PECAN TO PREVIOUS-SEASON FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT AND POSTRIPENING FOLIATION PERIOD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATE BEARING; FLOWERING; YIELD; QUALITY; CYCLING; CARYA ILLINOENSIS AB Alternately bearing 'Cheyenne' pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees were studied to assess the temporal aspects of previous season fruit development on several reproductive and vegetative traits of horticultural importance. Action spectra were generated and used to identify the relative sensitivities of these traits to the temporal aspects of fruiting. Based on date of maximum rate of change in Sigmoidal models fitted to these action spectra, the relative sensitivity of certain important growth and developmental parameters to fruit removal time was number of pistillate flowers per terminal shoot > number of pistillate flowers per flower cluster on lateral shoots > length of terminal shoots > percentage of lateral shoots with fruit = catkins per terminal shoot at top of the tree > percentage of terminal shoots with fruit > catkins per standard terminal shoot > shoots produced per 1-year-old branch > percentage of 1-year-old shoot death. Maximum rates of change for these reproductive and vegetative parameters were typically during the dough stage of ovule development; however, substantial change also occurred for several parameters over a much wider developmental window. No evidence was found for a hormone-like translocatable factor from developing fruit that either promotes or inhibits flowering. Extending the time from not ripening to leaf drop increased production of staminate and pistillate flowers the following year and appeared to increase fruit set. RP WOOD, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 120 IS 4 BP 635 EP 642 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RE172 UT WOS:A1995RE17200011 ER PT J AU MARQUARD, RD GRAUKE, LJ THOMPSON, TE JANOS, RS AF MARQUARD, RD GRAUKE, LJ THOMPSON, TE JANOS, RS TI IDENTIFYING PECAN CULTIVARS BY ISOZYMES AND INHERITANCE OF LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA ILLINOENSIS; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETICS ID MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE AB More than 170 pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars were evaluated for malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and diaphorase (DIA). Isozymes of LAP were observed in two regions after starch gel electrophoresis. The faster region of activity (Lap-1) was polymorphic and consistently expressed in leaves, wood, and roots. Controlled crosses suggest that Lap-1 is simply inherited and controlled by at least two alleles. DIA was well resolved and scorable only from leaf material and produced a complex banding pattern. The ability to differentiate among cultivars by isozymes was good. The 177 cultivars sorted into 72 classes. Forty of the cultivars (23%) possessed a unique series of isozyme patterns. Most cultivars (124 of 177) shared common banding patterns with less than four other cultivars. From the inheritance models of four isozymes, some historical pedigrees can be questioned. Most notably, 'Western Schley' could not have been parented by 'San Saba' based on the inheritance of Mdh-1 and Lap-1. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR RES & EXTENS,EL PASO,TX 79927. USDA ARS,PECAN BREEDING STN,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 120 IS 4 BP 661 EP 666 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RE172 UT WOS:A1995RE17200015 ER PT J AU RONNING, CM SCHNELL, RJ KUHN, DN AF RONNING, CM SCHNELL, RJ KUHN, DN TI INHERITANCE OF RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS IN THEOBROMA-CACAO L SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COCOA; DNA ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; PCR AB RAPD markers have been used successfully in genetic analysis of several crop plants. This method poses difficulties with a highly heterozygous species such as Theobroma cacao because of the dominant phenotypic expression of bands. A backcross family derived from cultivars Catongo and Pound 12 was analyzed to determine the efficacy of RAPD markers in analyzing cacao populations. A preliminary screen of the parents and the F-1 plant used as the backcross parent was conducted with 180 RAPD primers; of these, 26% were polymorphic and reproducible and produced 104 scorable loci. Genomic DNA from 54 individuals of the backcross population was then amplified with these primers; 68.3% of the loci segregated as expected in a Mendelian fashion. Separation of RAPD fragments on acrylamide revealed an additional polymorphic locus from one primer that was indistinguishable on agarose. The results demonstrated that RAPD markers can be used to study the cacao genome. C1 FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MIAMI,FL 33199. RP RONNING, CM (reprint author), USDA,NATL CLONAL GERM PLASM REPOSITORY,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 120 IS 4 BP 681 EP 686 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RE172 UT WOS:A1995RE17200018 ER PT J AU GARBER, LP WELLS, SJ HANCOCK, DD DOYLE, MP TUTTLE, J SHERE, JA ZHAO, T AF GARBER, LP WELLS, SJ HANCOCK, DD DOYLE, MP TUTTLE, J SHERE, JA ZHAO, T TI RISK-FACTORS FOR FECAL SHEDDING OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 IN DAIRY CALVES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; INFECTIONS; MONENSIN; FATE AB A case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors for fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EGO) in dairy calves. Three herds previously found to lack calves that shed Eco in their feces were selected for each herd previously found to have calves that shed Eco. Fecal samples from 965 calves on 64 farms were tested for Eco by microbial culture. Sample prevalence of Eco in calves less than 8 weeks old was 1.4% and in calves 8 weeks or older was 4.8%. Calves were 3 rimes move likely to shed Eco after weaning than before weaning. Shedding of ECO was associated with grouping calves before weaning;feeding whole cottonseed was negatively associated with. ECO shedding. The change in results between testing periods illustrated that an individual herd's status cannot be defined by a single testing of a small sample of cattle. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV GEORGIA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GARBER, LP (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,555 S HOWES,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 14 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RG230 UT WOS:A1995RG23000010 PM 7601692 ER PT J AU MESSINA, FJ JONES, TA NIELSON, DC AF MESSINA, FJ JONES, TA NIELSON, DC TI HOST-PLANT AFFECTS THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID AND A GENERALIST PREDATOR, CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATE HOSTS; HOMOPTERA; DAMAGE AB Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine whether host-plant species affects the ability of a generalist predator to reduce populations of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). Aphid colonies were allowed to develop on six species of cool-season grasses for 10 days, after which half of the plants received five neonate larvae of the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Lacewing larvae substantially reduced aphid density on both grass seedlings (in the greenhouse) and mature plants (in the field). The level of control varied among grass species, however. Aphid populations were reduced to zero or near zero on two slender-leaved grasses (Indian ricegrass and bluebunch wheatgrass), but were maintained at moderate densities on a pubescent cultivar of intermediate wheatgrass. Mechanisms underlying this tri-trophic interaction are unknown, but plant morphology may play an important role because of the ''leaf-galling'' habit of D. noxia. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP MESSINA, FJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 68 IS 3 BP 313 EP 319 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD044 UT WOS:A1995TD04400007 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, JO AF SCHMIDT, JO TI DISPERSAL DISTANCE AND DIRECTION OF REPRODUCTIVE EUROPEAN HONEY-BEE SWARMS (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEXAS; PREFERENCES; COLONIES; TRAPS AB Twelve honey bee nest cavities (swarm traps) were placed at each of the four distances, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 m, from a single source European apiary. Of 63 swarms, 11 were caught at 100 m, 18 at 250 m, 18 at 500 m, and 16 at 1000 m, for an overall swarm capture rate of 90%. No preferential direction of travel by swarms was observed. RP SCHMIDT, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 68 IS 3 BP 320 EP 325 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD044 UT WOS:A1995TD04400008 ER PT J AU WILSON, RL ABEL, CA WISEMAN, BR DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP BARRY, BD WHITE, WH AF WILSON, RL ABEL, CA WISEMAN, BR DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP BARRY, BD WHITE, WH TI EVALUATION FOR MULTIPLE PEST RESISTANCE IN EUROPEAN CORN-BORER, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS, RESISTANT MAIZE ACCESSIONS FROM PERU SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Eleven maize, Zea mays L., accessions from Peru previously found resistant to leaf feeding by brst generation European corn borer (ECB1), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), were evaluated for resistance to stalk boring by second generation European corn borer (ECB2), southwestern corn borer (SWCB), Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), western corn rootworm (WCRW), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), and sugarcane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (Fab.). Four accessions were resistant to 2 pests in addition to ECB1: PI 503720 was resistant to WCRW and ECB2, whereas PI 503728, PI 503849, and A-10623 were resistant to CEW and ECB2. Accession PI 503720 also had intermediate resistance to CEW and SCB. Accessions PI 503728 and PI 503849 had intermediate resistance to WCRW and SCB. Accession A-10623 had intermediate resistance to CEW larval weight and days to pupation and to SCB. Multiple pest resistance in maize, such as that detected in this study, would be useful in pest management, especially in sustainable agriculture systems. RP WILSON, RL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 68 IS 3 BP 326 EP 331 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD044 UT WOS:A1995TD04400009 ER PT J AU Nakahara, S AF Nakahara, S TI Ewartithrips new genus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and four new species from California SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Thysanoptera; Thripidae; Ewartithrips; new genus; new species; new combinations AB A new genus, Ewartithrips, and four new species, E. californicus, E. dispar, E. flavidus and E. salviae, are described from California. Tenothrips ehrhornii and Taeniothrips longirostrum are reassigned to Ewartithrips (NEW COMBINATIONS). A key is proved for identifying eight genera to which former nearctic Taeniothrips species were reassigned. RP Nakahara, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 103 IS 3 BP 229 EP 250 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA VU783 UT WOS:A1995VU78300001 ER PT J AU YOON, KJ ZIMMERMAN, JJ SWENSON, SL MCGINLEY, MJ EERNISSE, KA BREVIK, A RHINEHART, LL FREY, ML HILL, HT PLATT, KB AF YOON, KJ ZIMMERMAN, JJ SWENSON, SL MCGINLEY, MJ EERNISSE, KA BREVIK, A RHINEHART, LL FREY, ML HILL, HT PLATT, KB TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE TO PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) VIRUS-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB The development of the humoral immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus was monitored by an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum virus neutralization (SVN) test over a 105-day period in 8 pigs experimentally infected with ATCC strain VR-2402. Specific antibodies against PRRS virus were first detected by the IFA test, IPMA, ELISA, and the SVN test 9-11, 5-9, 9-13, and 9-28 days postinoculation (PI), respectively, and reached their maximum values by 4-5, 5-6, 4-6, and 10-11 weeks PI, respectively, thereafter. After reaching maximum value, all assays showed a decline in antibody levels. Assuming a constant rate of antibody decay, it was estimated by regression analysis that the ELISA, IFA, IPMA, and SVN antibody titers would approach the lower limits of detection by approximately days 137, 158, 324, and 356 PI, respectively. In this study, the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay appeared to offer slightly better performance relative to the IFA test, ELISA, and SVN test in terms of earlier detection and slower rate of decline in antibody titers. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that antibody specific for the 15-kD viral protein was present in all pigs by 7 days PI and persisted throughout the 105-day observation period. Initial detection of antibodies to the 19-, 23-, and 26-kD proteins varied among pigs, ranging from 9 to 35 days PI. Thereafter, the antibody responses to these 3 viral proteins of PRRS virus continued to be detected throughout the 105-day study period. These results clearly indicate that the 15-kD, protein is the most immunogenic of the 4 viral proteins identified and may provide the antigenic basis for the development of improved diagnostic tests for the detection of PRRS virus antibodies. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011. USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. BAYER CORP,DIV AGR,ANIM HLTH PROD,SHAWNEE MISSION,KS 66201. RP YOON, KJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 146 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RQ592 UT WOS:A1995RQ59200002 PM 7578443 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB EDRINGTON, TS KUBENA, LF CORRIER, DE ELISSALDE, MH AF HARVEY, RB EDRINGTON, TS KUBENA, LF CORRIER, DE ELISSALDE, MH TI INFLUENCE OF THE ANTIBIOTICS LINCOMYCIN AND TYLOSIN ON AFLATOXICOSIS WHEN ADDED TO AFLATOXIN-CONTAMINATED DIETS OF GROWING SWINE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and the antibiotics lincomycin (L) and tylosin (T) were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each, mean body weight 14.0 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups (for a total of 36): 0 mg L, 0 mg T, and 0 mg AF/kg of feed (control); 220 mg L/kg of feed (200 g/ton); 110 mg T/kg of feed (100 g/ton); 2.5 mg AF/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 220 mg L/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 110 mg T/kg of feed. Barrows were administered their respective diets for 28 days. Body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption were reduced by the AF alone, the AF plus L, and the AF plus T treatments, compared with control, L, and T treatments. Altered serum biochemical or hematologic measurements induced by AF treatments included increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, and mean cell hemoglobin, decreased serum concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and decreased lymphoblastogenic response. Liver weight was increased, and microscopic lesions were consistent with those observed in cases of aflatoxicosis. With some other minor exceptions for hematologic and immunologic variables, these data indicate that the feed antibiotics lincomycin and tylosin, when added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets, do not have beneficial or detrimental effects on aflatoxicosis in growing swine. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 374 EP 379 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RQ592 UT WOS:A1995RQ59200013 PM 7578454 ER PT J AU YOON, KJ ZIMMERMAN, JJ MCGINLEY, MJ LANDGRAF, J FREY, ML HILL, HT PLATT, KB AF YOON, KJ ZIMMERMAN, JJ MCGINLEY, MJ LANDGRAF, J FREY, ML HILL, HT PLATT, KB TI FAILURE TO CONSIDER THE ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) VIRUS ISOLATES MAY LEAD TO MISDIAGNOSIS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011. BAYER CORP,DIV AGR,ANIM HLTH PROD,SHAWNEE MISSION,KS 66201. USDA,APHIS,VS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP YOON, KJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 386 EP 387 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RQ592 UT WOS:A1995RQ59200015 PM 7578456 ER PT J AU ARADAIB, IE WILSON, WC CHENEY, IW PEARSON, JE OSBURN, BI AF ARADAIB, IE WILSON, WC CHENEY, IW PEARSON, JE OSBURN, BI TI APPLICATION OF PCR FOR SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUS SEROTYPE-2 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note C1 ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP ARADAIB, IE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 388 EP 392 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RQ592 UT WOS:A1995RQ59200016 PM 7578457 ER PT J AU HALL, JO JAVED, T BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA COTE, LM BUCK, WB AF HALL, JO JAVED, T BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA COTE, LM BUCK, WB TI SERUM VITAMIN-A (RETINOL) REDUCTION IN BROILER CHICKS ON FEED AMENDED WITH FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM CULTURE MATERIAL OR FUMONISIN-B-1 AND MONILIFORMIN SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP HALL, JO (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET BIOSCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 416 EP 418 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RQ592 UT WOS:A1995RQ59200026 PM 7578467 ER PT J AU QIAN, Z BRUNOVSKIS, P RAUSCHER, F LEE, L KUNG, HJ AF QIAN, Z BRUNOVSKIS, P RAUSCHER, F LEE, L KUNG, HJ TI TRANSACTIVATION ACTIVITY OF MEQ, A MAREKS-DISEASE HERPESVIRUS BZIP PROTEIN PERSISTENTLY EXPRESSED IN LATENTLY INFECTED TRANSFORMED T-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR GENE-PRODUCT; BAMHI-H; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; LEUCINE ZIPPER; VIRUS-DNA; TURKEYS; SEQUENCE; DOMAINS AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an avian herpesvirus that induces a variety of diseases, including T-cell lymphomas, in chickens. In latently infected, transformed lymphoid cells, very few viral transcripts or proteins are detected. We previously described a gene, meg (MDV EcoQ), which is persistently expressed in MDV-transformed tumor samples and cell lines. meg codes for a 339-amino-acid protein with a basic-leucine zipper domain near its N terminus and a proline-rich domain near its C terminus. The basic-leucine zipper domain shows homology with Jun/Fos family proteins, whereas the proline-rich domain resembles that of the WT-1 tumor suppressor protein. These structural features raise the possibility that Meg functions as a transcription factor in regulating viral latency or oncogenesis. In this report, we show that the proline-rich domain is a potent transcription activator when fused to the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Gal4(1-147) DNA-binding domain. The transactivation activity maps to the C-terminal 130 amino acids, with the last 33 amino acids essential. In the absence of these 33 amino acids, a two-and-one-half proline-rich repeat structure was found to exhibit repression activity. We further show that Meg is able to dimerize not only with itself but also with c-Jun. Meq/c-Jun heterodimers bind to an AP1-like sequence in the meg promoter region with an affinity much greater than that of Meq/Meq or c-Jun/c-Jun homodimers. Cotransfection chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays suggest that the Meq/c-Jun heterodimers can up-regulate Meg expression in both chicken embryo fibroblasts and F9 cells. Our data provide the first biochemical evidence that Meg is a transcriptional factor and identify c-Jun as one of Meg's interacting partners. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. WISTAR INST ANAT & BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613] NR 55 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 69 IS 7 BP 4037 EP 4044 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RC226 UT WOS:A1995RC22600011 PM 7769661 ER PT J AU NEILL, JD MEYER, RF SEAL, BS AF NEILL, JD MEYER, RF SEAL, BS TI GENETIC RELATEDNESS OF THE CALICIVIRUSES - SAN-MIGUEL SEA-LION AND VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE VIRUSES CONSTITUTE A SINGLE GENOTYPE WITHIN THE CALICIVIRIDAE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CAPSID PROTEIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; DIVERSITY; DISEASE AB The San Miguel sea lion viruses (SMSV) and vesicular exanthema of swine viruses (VESV) are related morphologically and antigenically, but little has been done to determine their genotypic relationship to each other and to other caliciviruses. To examine this relationship, reverse transcriptase PCRs were performed by using oligonucleotide primer sets designed to amplify portions of the 2C RNA helicase-like and RNA dependent RNA polymerase regions with total cellular RNA purified from virus-infected cell cultures as a template. The 2C RNA helicase primers directed the amplification of this region from eight SMSV serotypes, five VESV serotypes, and four related viruses. The RNA polymerase primer sets amplified products from all these viruses except one. Phylogenetic comparison of the caliciviruses demonstrated that SMSV, VESV, and four related viruses are closely related while being distinct from feline calicivirus, the human caliciviruses (small, round-structured viruses), and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and that they should be classified as a single genotype within the Caliciviridae. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP NEILL, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 69 IS 7 BP 4484 EP 4488 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA RC226 UT WOS:A1995RC22600064 PM 7769708 ER PT J AU FRANSON, JC PEARSON, JE AF FRANSON, JC PEARSON, JE TI PROBABLE EPIZOOTIC CHLAMYDIOSIS IN WILD CALIFORNIA (LARUS-CALIFORNICUS) AND RING-BILLED (LARUS-DELAWARENSIS) GULLS IN NORTH-DAKOTA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE CHLAMYDIOSIS; CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI; GULL; LARUS CALIFORNICUS; LARUS DELAWARENSIS; EPIZOOTIC AB During the summer of 1986, more than 400 California gulls (Larus californicus) and ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis), primarily fledglings, died on an island in Lake Sakakawea near New Town, North Dakota (USA). Mortality was attributed largely to chlamydiosis. Necropsy findings in nine carcasses included splenomegaly (n = 9), hepatomegaly (n = 4), and pericarditis (n = 1). Livers from three California gulls and two ring-billed gulls, and spleens from the same five birds plus a third ring-billed gull were positive for Chlamydia psittaci by the direct immunofluorescence test. Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from separate pools of liver and spleen from one California gull and one ring-billed gull. This is believed to be the first record of epizootic chlamydiosis in gulls and the second report of epizootic chlamydial mortality in wild birds in North America. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP FRANSON, JC (reprint author), US NATL BIOL SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH CTR,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 424 EP 427 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RK432 UT WOS:A1995RK43200025 PM 8592370 ER PT J AU RHYAN, J AUNE, K HOOD, B CLARKE, R PAYEUR, J JARNAGIN, J STACKHOUSE, L AF RHYAN, J AUNE, K HOOD, B CLARKE, R PAYEUR, J JARNAGIN, J STACKHOUSE, L TI BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN A FREE-RANGING MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS) FROM MONTANA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS; TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS; GAME FARM; PATHOLOGY AB A survey of 41 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and three white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) for bovine tuberculosis was conducted on a Montana (USA) cattle ranch from 2 November 1993 through January 1994. Gross and microscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis were present in tonsil and lymph nodes of the head, thorax, and abdomen of one adult female mule deer. Additionally, a single microgranuloma considered morphologically suggestive of tuberculosis was present in one lymph node of the head of a second mule deer. Mycobacterial isolates from lymph nodes of the head and thorax of the first deer were identified as Mycobacterium bovis. C1 MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PARKS,RES & TECH SERV BUR,BOZEMAN,MT 59715. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,BILLINGS,MT 59102. MONTANA DEPT LIVESTOCK,VET DIAGNOST LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59771. RP RHYAN, J (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 432 EP 435 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RK432 UT WOS:A1995RK43200027 PM 8592372 ER PT J AU ZIELINSKI, WJ TRUEX, RL AF ZIELINSKI, WJ TRUEX, RL TI DISTINGUISHING TRACKS OF MARTEN AND FISHER AT TRACK-PLATE STATIONS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; FISHER; INVENTORY; MARTEN; MARTES AMERICANA; MARTES PENNANTI; MONITORING; TRACK PLATES; TRACKS AB Managing and conserving uncommon mammals, such as fisher (Martes pennanti) and American marten (M. americana), depend upon a reliable mechanism to index their populations. In parts of their ranges where these species are not commercially harvested, baited track stations provide an alternative means to collect data on distribution and abundance. Although tracks of many species can be identified using unique qualitative traits, distinguishing tracks of these closely related, similar-sized mustelids requires a quantitative approach. We present a general method to collect mensurative data from track impressions on carbon-sooted track plates and use this approach to distinguish tracks of fisher and American marten. We used 80 tracks from 21 individuals to develop a discriminant function that distinguishes tracks of adults of each species. The linear combination of 3 variables, all associated with the palm (interdigital) pad, correctly classified 95 (100%) test tracks. This result makes it possible to positively identify both species without using more expensive photographic bait stations and will facilitate development of regional survey and monitoring approaches for marten and fisher. C1 HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE,ARCATA,CA 95521. RP ZIELINSKI, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW EXPERIMENT STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 571 EP 579 DI 10.2307/3802465 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA RH455 UT WOS:A1995RH45500019 ER PT J AU BEAN, NJ MASON, JR AF BEAN, NJ MASON, JR TI ATTRACTIVENESS OF LIQUID BAITS CONTAINING NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS TO WHITE-TAILED DEER SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL DAMAGE CONTROL; ATTRACTANT; BAIT; NEW YORK; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; TASTE; WHITE-TAILED DEER ID MINERAL LICKS AB Baits are needed to deliver pharmaceutical products to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). For this reason, we studied various formulations, including 1 combination comprising apple odor, apple juice, water, salt, and glycerin. Because apple juice spoils rapidly in warm weather, we investigated whether sodium saccharin or cyclamate might be substituted for apple juice. Formulations we tested were (1) apple juice, water, glycerol, and salt; (2) saccharin, water, glycerol, and salt; and (3) cyclamate, water, glycerol, and salt. In addition, we either added an apple odor to each mixture or presented the odor in a scintillation vial attached to the dispenser. Deer visited and consumed more from dispensers containing apple juice (P < 0.05) than from those containing either artificial sweetener. Also, formulations containing apple odor as an ingredient were more attractive (P < 0.05) than those that did not. Artificial sweeteners are poor substitutes for apple juice in liquid bait formulations, and using preservatives like sodium benzoate may be more productive. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. USDA,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP BEAN, NJ (reprint author), VASSAR COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,POUGHKEEPSIE,NY 12601, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 610 EP 613 DI 10.2307/3802469 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA RH455 UT WOS:A1995RH45500023 ER PT J AU CHEVILLE, NF KUNKLE, RA JENSEN, AE PALMER, MV AF CHEVILLE, NF KUNKLE, RA JENSEN, AE PALMER, MV TI PERSISTENCE OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS IN THE LIVERS OF T-CELL-DEFICIENT NUDE-MICE SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE BRUCELLOSIS; HEPATOCYTE; MACROPHAGE; INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA ID BCG INFECTION; RESISTANCE; MACROPHAGES; GRANULOMAS; MECHANISM AB BACKGROUND: Brucella abortus is sequestered in lymphoid tissues, bone, and liver during chronic asymptomatic brucellosis of cattle and humans. The sites of cellular infection, cytopathology of infected cells, and mechanisms of bacterial recrudescence have not been identified. A laboratory model is needed for the study of chronic brucellosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Livers of athymic and euthymic mice infected with virulent B. abortus were cultured and examined morphologically to determine the effects of T cell dysfunction on persistence of intracellular bacteria. Bacterial Ag was detected immunohistochemically and by ultrastructural immunogold techniques. RESULTS: Bacteria in livers of euthymic mice rose to high titers at postinoculation Day (PID) 6 but rapidly declined and were slowly cleared. In athymic mice, bacteria did not reach such high titers and persisted in all mice to PID 121. Granulomas were similar in size, structure, and number in both groups of mice through PID 28. Thereafter, euthymic mice developed many granulomas that disappeared by PID 121. In contrast, athymic mice faded to maintain granuloma formation but had diffuse lymphohistiocytic pericholangitis with brucella Ag in subepithelial stellate cells, intraepithelial monocytes, and luminal macrophages. Intact bacteria were identified in lysosomes of macrophages and neutrophils only in acute infection. CONCLUSIONS: Athymic mice have normal or enhanced resistance to B. abortus in the first 10 days of infection but fail to maintain granuloma formation, do not clear brucellae from the liver, and develop persistent infection of the biliary tract. Brucellar Ag persists in chronically infected livers in periductal inflammatory tissues. RP CHEVILLE, NF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1 BP 96 EP 102 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA RJ730 UT WOS:A1995RJ73000012 PM 7603046 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, LJ ROHRER, GA STONE, RT BEATTIE, CW AF ALEXANDER, LJ ROHRER, GA STONE, RT BEATTIE, CW TI PORCINE SINE-ASSOCIATED MICROSATELLITE MARKERS - EVIDENCE FOR NEW ARTIODACTYL SINES SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID REPEATED SEQUENCES; ABUNDANT CLASS; HUMAN GENOME; LINKAGE MAP; GENE; RETROPOSONS; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; EVOLUTION; ELEMENTS AB Approximately 24% (170/710) of porcine (dG-dT)n - (dC-dA)n microsatellites isolated in our laboratory are associated with a previously described porcine Short Interdispersed Element (SINE) termed PRE-1 SINE. Another 5.6% (40/710) of the microsatellites were adjacent to two previously unidentified SINE sequences, which we have designated ARE-1P (Artiodactyl Repetitive Element-1 Porcine) and ARE-2P. The ARE repeats were also found in bovine microsatellite and genomic sequences in the GenBank database. Genotypic information was obtained from 68.9% of primers where at least one primer sequence was obtained from the PRE-1 SINE and 66.6% of primer pairs designed from the ARE SINEs. The use of primers derived from SINEs significantly increases the number of primer pairs available for genetic linkage studies in swine. RP ALEXANDER, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JUL PY 1995 VL 6 IS 7 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1007/BF00360655 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA RG988 UT WOS:A1995RG98800005 PM 7579888 ER PT J AU HUGHES, VA FRONTERA, WR DALLAL, GE LUTZ, KJ FISHER, EC EVANS, WJ AF HUGHES, VA FRONTERA, WR DALLAL, GE LUTZ, KJ FISHER, EC EVANS, WJ TI MUSCLE STRENGTH AND BODY-COMPOSITION - ASSOCIATIONS WITH BONE-DENSITY IN OLDER SUBJECTS SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE FAT-FREE MASS; AGING; ISOKINETIC MUSCLE STRENGTH TESTING; BODY WEIGHT; DUAL PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; MUSCLE MASS ID MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LUMBAR SPINE; FEMORAL-NECK; MASS; MEN; SKELETAL; EXERCISE; FAT AB This study investigated the relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and bone density (SPA and DPA) in men and women aged 45-77 yr. Regression models were adjusted for age, weight, smoking status, and calcium supplementation. Elbow extensors (but not flexors) peak torque was correlated with radial density in men (partial r = 0.26, P < 0.05) and women (partial r = 0.24, P < 0.05). Knee flexor (but not extensor) peak torque in women was significantly correlated with spine density (partial r = 0.28, P < 0.05), and muscle mass was significantly correlated with Ward's triangle density (partial r = 0.35, P < 0.05). No associations between knee flexor or extensor muscle strength and spine or femur bone density were observed in men. Fat-free mass (FFM, hydrodensitometry) was associated with all bone density sites in males and females (partial r = 0.30-0.55; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that 1) significant associations observed between elbow extensor strength and radial bone density in men and women may reflect loading along the longitudinal axis of the radius associated with elbow extensor activity; and 2) significant associations exist between knee flexor muscle strength and lumbar density in women only. Additionally, the associations between FFM and bone density do not necessarily reflect associations between isokinetic muscle strength and bone density. C1 TUFTS UNIV, DIV BIOSTAT, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP HUGHES, VA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 27 IS 7 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1249/00005768-199507000-00004 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA RK055 UT WOS:A1995RK05500004 PM 7564983 ER PT J AU BATHALON, GP HUGHES, VA CAMPBELL, WW FIATARONE, MA EVANS, WJ AF BATHALON, GP HUGHES, VA CAMPBELL, WW FIATARONE, MA EVANS, WJ TI MILITARY BODY-FAT STANDARDS AND EQUATIONS APPLIED TO MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE CIRCUMFERENCES; BODY GIRTHS; ANTHROPOMETRY; HYDRODENSITOMETRY; BODY COMPOSITION ID DENSITY AB Military circumference equations are used to assess compliance of military personnel with body fat (BF) standards. The purpose of the present study was to determine the ability of military equations to correctly classify 62 women aged 40-60 yr (50.9 +/- 6.2, mean +/- SD) as overfat or underfat using underwater weighing (UWW) as the reference method and military BF standards as diagnostic cutoffs. Values for the mean +/- SD percent BF from UWW, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy equations were 29.5 +/- 7.1, 27.3 +/- 4.7, 25.7 +/- 5.8, and 30.3 +/- 5.1, respectively. The Army and Marine Corps equations underpredicted percent BF compared to UWW, P < 0.05. Bland-Altman plots showed a lack of agreement in predicting percent BF in women 40-60 yr between equation and UWW-derived percent BF. This finding was supported by the low agreement in correctly classifying an individual as meeting or exceeding the BF standards, range 25%-57%, Cohen's kappa. The low sensitivities (range 20%-74%) and higher specificities (range 80%-98%) of the equations indicated they identified individuals who met the BF standards better than those who exceeded them. Caution must be exercised when using military prediction equations to assess compliance with military BF standards in healthy middle-aged women. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR,NOLL LAB 119,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1079 EP 1085 DI 10.1249/00005768-199507000-00018 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA RK055 UT WOS:A1995RK05500018 PM 7564976 ER PT J AU CHO, SW MITCHELL, A REGIER, JC MITTER, C POOLE, RW FRIEDLANDER, TP ZHAO, SW AF CHO, SW MITCHELL, A REGIER, JC MITTER, C POOLE, RW FRIEDLANDER, TP ZHAO, SW TI A HIGHLY CONSERVED NUCLEAR GENE FOR LOW-LEVEL PHYLOGENETICS - ELONGATION FACTOR-1-ALPHA RECOVERS MORPHOLOGY-BASED TREE FOR HELIOTHINE MOTHS SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ELONGATION FACTOR-1-ALPHA; HELIOTHINAE; LEPIDOPTERA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; CONCORDANCE TEST ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; 1-ALPHA EF-1-ALPHA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; EVOLUTION; EXPRESSION; EUKARYOTES; DIVERGENCE; LIMITS AB Molecular systematists need increased access to nuclear genes. Highly conserved, low copy number protein-encoding nuclear genes have attractive features for phylogenetic inference but have heretofore been applied mostly to very ancient divergences. By virtue of their synonymous substitutions, such genes should contain a wealth of information about lower-level taxonomic relationships as well, with the advantage that amino acid conservatism makes both alignment and primer definition straightforward. We tested this postulate for the elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) gene in the noctuid moth subfamily Heliothinae, which has probably diversified since the middle Tertiary. We sequenced 1,240 bp in 18 taxa representing heliothine groupings strongly supported by previous morphological and allozyme studies. The single most parsimonious gene tree and the neighbor-joining tree for all nucleotides show almost complete concordance with the morphological tree. Homoplasy and pairwise divergence levels are low, transition/transversion ratios are high, and phylogenetic information is spread evenly across gene regions. The EF-1 alpha gene and presumably other highly conserved genes hold much promise for phylogenetics of Tertiary age eukaryote groups. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,INST BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP CHO, SW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Mitchell, Andrew/B-7018-2008 OI Mitchell, Andrew/0000-0001-5022-5898 NR 37 TC 236 Z9 252 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 650 EP 656 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RE693 UT WOS:A1995RE69300013 PM 7659020 ER PT J AU PROCTOR, RH HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP AF PROCTOR, RH HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP TI REDUCED VIRULENCE OF GIBBERELLA-ZEAE CAUSED BY DISRUPTION OF A TRICHOTHECENE TOXIN BIOSYNTHETIC GENE SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; DEOXYNIVALENOL; PULICARIS; WHEAT; TRANSFORMATION; ZEARALENONE; YEAST; DNA AB The production of trichothecene mycotoxins by some plant pathogenic species of Fusarium is thought to contribute to their virulence, Gibbsrella zeae (F. graminearum) is an important cereal pathogen that produces the trichothecene deoxynivalenol, To determine if trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of G. zeae, we generated trichothecene-deficient mutants of the fungus by gene disruption. The disrupted gene, Tri5, encodes the enzyme trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first step in trichothecene biosynthesis. To disrupt Tri5, G. zeae was transformed with a plasmid carrying a doubly truncated copy of the TRi5 coding region interrupted by a hygromycin B resistance gene. Tri5(-) transformants were selected by screening for the inability to produce trichothecenes and by Southern blot analysis. Tri5(-) strains exhibited reduced virulence on seedlings of Wheaten wheat and common winter rye, but wild-type virulence on seedlings of Golden Bantam maize. On Caldwell and Marshall wheat and Porter oat seedlings, Tri5(-) strains were inconsistent in causing less disease than their wild-type progenitor strain, Head blight developed more slowly on Wheaten when inoculated with Tri5(-) mutants than when inoculated with wild-type strains. These results suggest that trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of G. zeae on some hosts. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 451 Z9 466 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1094/MPMI-8-0593 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA RL683 UT WOS:A1995RL68300014 PM 8589414 ER PT J AU LU, C PFEIL, RM RICE, CP AF LU, C PFEIL, RM RICE, CP TI DETERMINATION OF MUTATIONAL SPECTRUM OF THE PESTICIDE, CAPTAN, WITH AN IMPROVED SET OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI LACZ MUTANTS SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUTATIONAL SPECTRUM; MUTAGENESIS; HYDROLYSIS; CAPTAN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI LACZ STRAINS; PESTICIDE ID MUTAGENS; CARCINOGENS; CHEMICALS; SPECIFICITY; COLOMBIA; STRAINS; ADENINE; CELLS; ASSAY; SITE AB The mutational spectrum of the fungicide, captan, was determined using a. set of improved Escherichia coli lacZ mutants. Captan created mutations mostly at dA-dT sites (83%) with only 17% occurring at dG-dC sites. The hydrolysis products of captan do not appear to be mutagenic because samples of captan at different hydrolysis stages showed basically the same mutational spectra: 31% of AT --> CG transversions, 8% of GC --> AT transitions, 2% of GC --> CG transversions, 8% of GC --> TA transversions, 19% of AT --> TA transversions, and 32% of AT --> GC transitions. Prepared solutions of captan lost their mutational activity gradually over time, indicating that the rate of decrease in mutagenicity agreed with the kinetics of captan hydrolysis reported in other studies. Using the change in mutagenicity to predict degradation, the hydrolysis of captan in pH 7.0 buffer was about three times faster than the hydrolysis carried out in pH 4.5 buffer. To our knowledge, this is the first presentation of mutational spectrum of captan. RP LU, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST NAT RESOURCES,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1218 J9 MUTAT RES-GENET TOX JI Mutat. Res.-Genet. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 343 IS 4 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1016/0165-1218(95)90017-9 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA RL229 UT WOS:A1995RL22900004 PM 7623876 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, MD BACON, CW AF RICHARDSON, MD BACON, CW TI CATABOLISM OF 6-METHOXY-BENZOXAZOLINONE AND 2-BELAZOXAZOLINONE BY FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BENZOXAZOLINONES; BOA; CORN; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI; MBOA; ZEA MAYS ID HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; CORN; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; DETOXIFICATION; FUMONISINS; PISATIN; CANCER; ASSAY; MAIZE AB The ability of the corn pathogen Fusarium moniliforme to degrade 6-methoxy-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA), natural compounds associated with fungal and insect resistance in corn (Zea mays), was investigated in vitro. The fungus completely catabolized 2.5 mM concentrations of both MBOA and BOA within 24 hours after addition of the compounds to liquid Czapek-Dox medium. Shake cultures of the fungus degraded both compounds more rapidly than static cultures, and BOA was catabolized more rapidly than MBOA. All isolates off. moniliforme that were isolated from sweet or held corn catabolized these compounds. However, an isolate from rice (Oryzae saliva) catabolized neither MBOA nor BOA under these conditions. This finding is particularly interesting since rice does not contain the benzoxazolinones. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.2307/3760769 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RQ122 UT WOS:A1995RQ12200012 ER PT J AU FARR, DF BILLS, GF AF FARR, DF BILLS, GF TI WOJNOWICIA COLLUVIUM SP-NOV ISOLATED FROM CONIFER LITTER SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE COELOMYCETES; LITTER FUNGI; WOJNOWICIA AB A coelomycetous fungus was isolated from conifer litter collected in western New Mexico and is described herein as a new species Wojnowicia colluvium. When grown in both nutrient media and on alfalfa twigs in water agar, the characteristics of the conidiomata, conidiogenous cells and conidia remain relatively constant. A synopsis is provided of the three species accepted in Wojnowicia. Based on their descriptions, W. buxi is considered a synonym of W. ephedrae and W. byrophila does not belong in Wojnowicia. C1 MERCK & CO INC,MERCK SHARP & DOHME RES LABS,RAHWAY,NJ 07065. RP FARR, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 4 BP 518 EP 524 DI 10.2307/3760770 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RQ122 UT WOS:A1995RQ12200013 ER PT J AU JACKSON, MA SCHISLER, DA AF JACKSON, MA SCHISLER, DA TI LIQUID CULTURE PRODUCTION OF MICROSCLEROTIA OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM FOR USE AS BIOHERBICIDAL PROPAGULES SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; FUNGAL SCLEROTIA; MYCOHERBICIDE; SURVIVAL AB Colletotrichum Truncatum NRRL 18434 is a host-specific pathogen of hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), a weed in cotton, soybeans and rice. The bioherbicidal potential of C. truncatum microsclerotia (MS) was assessed based on the feasibility of producing and storing microsclerotia and the efficacy of microsclerotia in controlling hemp sesbania. Microsclerotia were produced in highly aerated liquid cultures grown at 28 degrees C in a basal salts medium with 80 g glucose and 13 . 2 g Casamino acids 1(-1). Hyphal aggregation to form microsclerotial initials began on day 4 with maximum concentrations (6 x 10(6) MS 1(-1)) being attained by day 6. Melanization started on day 6 and was completed by day 10. After air-drying at 22 degrees, microsclerotia: diatomaceous earth preparations were stored at 4 degrees. After storage for 7 months 90% of the dried C. truncatum MS germinated. Efficacy studies showed that the incorporation of either fresh or 1-month-old microsclerotia into potting soil (156 microsclerotia cm(-3) soil) killed more than 95% of hemp sesbania seedlings after emergence. Microsderotia-infested potting mix incited disease of a similar magnitude in a second crop of hemp sesbania seedlings planted 28 d after the first. These studies demonstrate that C. truncatum microsclerotia may have potential for use as an alternative to conidia for biocontrol since they can be produced in submerged culture, remain viable as a dry formulation and effectively control hemp sesbania seedlings when incorporated into potting medium prior to seeding. RP JACKSON, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 99 BP 879 EP 884 PN 7 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RM034 UT WOS:A1995RM03400021 ER PT J AU MORETTI, A BENNETT, GA LOGRIECO, A BOTTALICO, A BEREMAND, MN AF MORETTI, A BENNETT, GA LOGRIECO, A BOTTALICO, A BEREMAND, MN TI FERTILITY OF FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME FROM MAIZE AND SORGHUM RELATED TO FUMONISIN PRODUCTION IN ITALY SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUMONISINS; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI; MAIZE; MATING POPULATION; SORGHUM ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; SECTION LISEOLA; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; STRAINS; MYCOTOXINS AB Forty-three strains of Fusarium moniliforme isolated from infected maize and sorghum plants in Italy were assayed for their ability to produce fertile crosses with ''A'' and ''F'' mating population tester strains, in relation to their ability to produce fumonisins on maize substrate. Most of the strains isolated from maize (ear and stalk rot and maize-based feed), producing fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and B-2 (FB2) (up to 4,100 and 855 mg/kg, respectively), belonged to the ''A'' mating population. All of the strains isolated from sorghum belonged to the ''F'' mating population and produced little or no FB1 and FB2. This is the first report of the occurrence of mating population ''F'' in Europe. Our data on strains from Italy are consistent with previous studies from the United States that found significant differences in sexual fertility and fumonisin production between strains from maize and sorghum. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. IST PATOL VEGETALE,I-07100 SASSARI,ITALY. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP MORETTI, A (reprint author), CNR,IST TOSSINE & MICOTOSSINE PARASSITI VEGETALI,VIALE L EINAUDI 51,I-70125 BARI,ITALY. OI Moretti, Antonio/0000-0002-5232-6972; Logrieco, Antonio Francesco/0000-0002-8606-451X NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUL PY 1995 VL 131 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1007/BF01103900 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TH959 UT WOS:A1995TH95900004 PM 8532049 ER PT J AU COLGAN, W CASTELLANO, MA BOUGHER, NL AF COLGAN, W CASTELLANO, MA BOUGHER, NL TI NATS TRUFFLE AND TRUFFLE-LIKE FUNGI .2. KJELDSENIA AUREISPORA GEN ET SP-NOV, A TRUFFLE-LIKE FUNGUS IN THE CORTINARIACEAE SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article AB An unusual fungus showing distinct ties to the Cortinariaceae was found in Mendocino County, California. This fungus has a white peridium, staining first yellow then reddish brown upon handling. The brown gleba has locules which radiate asymmetrically from a central, reduced columella. It resembles no other described genus and is described here as Kjeldsenia aurelspora gen. et sp. nov. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. CSIRO,DIV FORESTRY,WEMBLEY,MIDDX 6014,ENGLAND. RP COLGAN, W (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 55 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RN542 UT WOS:A1995RN54200005 ER PT J AU NOUHRA, E CASTELLANO, MA AF NOUHRA, E CASTELLANO, MA TI NATS TRUFFLE AND TRUFFLE-LIKE FUNGI .3. GASTROBOLETUS DINOFFII SP-NOV SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article AB A new species of truffle-like Basidiomycotina related to the Boletaceae, Gastroboletus dinoffii, is described from San Bernardino Co. in the San Jacinto mountains of California. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP NOUHRA, E (reprint author), NATL UNIV CORDOBA,INST MULTIDISCIPLINARIO BIOL VEGETAL,CASILLA CORREO 495,RA-5000 CORDOBA,ARGENTINA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 55 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RN542 UT WOS:A1995RN54200006 ER PT J AU CASTELLANO, MA AF CASTELLANO, MA TI NATS TRUFFLE AND TRUFFLE-LIKE FUNGI .4. AMOGASTER VIRIDIGLEBA GEN ET SP-NOV, A NEW TRUFFLE-LIKE FUNGUS FROM THE SIERRA-NEVADA SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article AB A new genus and species of truffle-like Basidiomycotina, Amogaster viridigleba, possibly related to the Gyrodontaceae, is described from Sierra County in the Sierra Nevada of California. RP CASTELLANO, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 55 BP 185 EP 188 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RN542 UT WOS:A1995RN54200007 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, SE NELSON, EE THIES, WG AF LOPEZ, SE NELSON, EE THIES, WG TI A NEW SPECIES OF BOTRYODERMA AND OTHER HYPHOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM ROOTS OF FUMIGATED AND NONFUMIGATED DOUGLAS-FIR STUMPS IN OREGON SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article AB Among other hyphomycetes, Botryoderma nigrum Lopez sp. nov., was isolated from roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) stumps treated to test effects of fumigation on the root pathogen Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. Trichoderma spp. and their frequencies in roots of fumigated and nonfumigated stumps were reported earlier (Nelson et al. 1987). C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP LOPEZ, SE (reprint author), UNIV BUENOS AIRES,FAC CIENCIAS EXACTAS & NAT,DEPT CIENCIAS BIOL,PABELLON 2,4 PISO,CIUDAD UNIV,RA-1428 BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 55 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RN542 UT WOS:A1995RN54200014 ER PT J AU CHITTKA, L KUNZE, J SHIPMAN, C BUCHMANN, SL AF CHITTKA, L KUNZE, J SHIPMAN, C BUCHMANN, SL TI THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LANDMARKS FOR PATH INTEGRATION IN HOMING HONEYBEE FORAGERS SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Note ID DESERT ANTS C1 FREE UNIV BERLIN,INST NEUROBIOL,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RI Chittka, Lars/C-3110-2012 NR 13 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD JUL PY 1995 VL 82 IS 7 BP 341 EP 343 DI 10.1007/BF01131533 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RL351 UT WOS:A1995RL35100008 ER PT J AU JOSEPH, JA ALGERI, S DECESARE, A COMUZIO, M ERAT, S KELLY, J CAGNOTTO, A MENNINI, T AF JOSEPH, JA ALGERI, S DECESARE, A COMUZIO, M ERAT, S KELLY, J CAGNOTTO, A MENNINI, T TI A REDUCED CALORIE-HIGH FIBER DIET RETARDS AGE-ASSOCIATED DECREASES IN MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE CALORIC RESTRICTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; AGING; DOPAMINE RELEASE; GTPASE ACTIVITY ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; LIFELONG HYPOCALORIC DIET; MEMBRANE FLUIDITY; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; FOOD RESTRICTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GTPASE ACTIVITY; G-PROTEINS; RAT-BRAIN AB The effects of a reduced calorie-high fiber diet (RCHF) were examined on three cholinergic signal transduction (ST) parameters: (a) oxotremorine enhancement of K+-evoked dopamine release and (b) carbachol-stimulated low KM GTPase activity [an indicator of muscarinic receptor (mAChR)-G protein coupling/uncoupling], and (c) [H-3]Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) autoradiography. Comparisons were made among: young control (6 months), old normal control, old reduced calorie high fiber [both 24 months)]. The results indicated that old reduced calorie high fiber rats (1900 kcal/kg/day, 2.4%, lipids 2.4%, fiber 28%, carbohydrates 40.7%) as compared to the old normal control rats (3000 kcal/kg/day, 4.8% lipids, 4.2% fiber, carbohydrates 61.5%) showed a retardation of age-related deficits in dopamine release (a above) and GTPase activity (b above). These parameters were 25% higher in the old reduced calorie high fiber rats as compared to old normal controls and did not differ from young controls, even though there was no increase in mAChR concentration in the restricted group. Thus, these results indicate that a reduced calorie high fiber diet as utilized in these experiments was effective in retarding the age-related decrements in two of three signal transduction parameters. They are discussed in terms of the induction of membrane changes (e.g., fluidity) or related decreases in oxidative stress by the restricted diet that may be involved in these signal transduction effects. C1 SIGMA TAU PHARMACEUT CO, INST SENESCENCE, ROME, ITALY. NIA, GERONTOL RES CTR, BALTIMORE, MD 21224 USA. MARIO NEGRI INST PHARMACOL RES, MILAN, ITALY. RP JOSEPH, JA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA,ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ROOM 919, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. OI Cagnotto, Alfredo/0000-0002-1390-8240 NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 607 EP 612 DI 10.1016/0197-4580(95)00073-N PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RL488 UT WOS:A1995RL48800013 PM 8544911 ER PT J AU KAMETANI, H IIJIMA, S SPANGLER, EL INGRAM, DK JOSEPH, JA AF KAMETANI, H IIJIMA, S SPANGLER, EL INGRAM, DK JOSEPH, JA TI IN-VIVO ASSESSMENT OF STRIATAL DOPAMINE RELEASE IN THE AGED MALE FISCHER-344 RAT SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; HIGH POTASSIUM; AMPHETAMINE; OXOTREMORINE; MICRODIALYSIS; MOTOR PERFORMANCE ID FREELY MOVING RATS; EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; INVIVO MICRODIALYSIS; CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; INTRACEREBRAL DIALYSIS; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; RECEPTOR SUBTYPES; CORPUS STRIATUM; MESSENGER-RNA; AMPHETAMINE AB A microdialysis probe was implanted into the striatum of young (4- to 5-month-old) and aged (26- to 27-month-old) Fischer 344 male rats to assess age-related alterations in striatal dopamine (DA) release. Basal levels of DA and the magnitude of DA response evoked by 50 mM and 100 mM high potassium (K+) in aged rats were similar to those in young rats. Furthermore, K+-evoked DA release did not correlate with motor performance within either age group. In contrast, amphetamine (250 mu M) evoked-DA release of aged rats was significantly lower than that of young rats. Moreover, the enhancement of K+-evoked DA release by oxotremorine (500 mu M) was significantly attenuated in aged rats. These results indicate that a putative DA release mechanism and its cholinergic modulation of the aged striatum are impaired. C1 NIA,GERONTOL RES CTR,NATHAN W SHOCK LABS,MOLEC PHYSIOL & GENET SECT,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. UNIV TOKYO,SCH MED,DEPT GERIATR,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,ARS,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 639 EP 646 DI 10.1016/0197-4580(95)00047-I PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RL488 UT WOS:A1995RL48800017 PM 8544915 ER PT J AU MERTZ, W AF MERTZ, W TI RISK ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL TRACE-ELEMENTS - NEW APPROACHES TO SETTING RECOMMENDED DIETARY-ALLOWANCES AND SAFETY LIMITS SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB By definition, every essential trace element must have a range of intakes safe from toxicity but adequate enough to meet nutrition requirements. That range is part of the fetal dose-response curve and ifs lower and upper limits are delineated on the basis of nutrition and toxicology data, respectively. Close coordination of activities to set these limits is necessary to avoid recommendations that are either impractical (narrow zones of safe and adequate intakes) or contradictory (overlapping limits, i.e., no zones of safe and adequate intakes). RP MERTZ, W (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 53 IS 7 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RU336 UT WOS:A1995RU33600001 PM 7494619 ER PT J AU RADER, RB MCARTHUR, JV AF RADER, RB MCARTHUR, JV TI THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF REFUGIA IN DETERMINING THE DRIFT AND HABITAT SELECTION OF PREDACEOUS STONEFLIES IN A SANDY-BOTTOMED STREAM SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE STONEFLY DISPERSION; DRIFT AND HABITAT SELECTION; REFUGIA; AGGRESSIVE INTERFERENCE; HUNGER ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION; INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; PLECOPTERA; COMMUNITY; TERRITORIALITY; INTERFERENCE; COMPETITION; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY AB Patch structure in sandy, compared to rocky streams, is characterized by isolated snags that can only be colonized by drifting. By measuring drift from patches (snags) of various quality we determined the factors that influence habitat selection and drift of the predaceous stoneflies Acroneuria abnormis and Paragnetina fumosa. The presence of refugia (loose bark and leaf packs) was more important than hunger level and modified the effects of increased predator densities and aggressive interactions. Stoneflies concentrated to 8x natural densities with access to refugia remained longer on snags than a single stonefly without access to refugia. During periods of activity, refugia were defended with larger stoneflies always displacing smaller nymphs. During long periods of inactivity, two and sometimes three nymphs would rest side-by-side sharing the same refuge. Hunger level (starved versus satiated stoneflies), an indirect measure of a predator's response to prey availability, had no significant effect on drift or habitat selection regardless of the presence of refugia. Stonefly predators had a uniform distribution while their prey were clumped. Drift was deliberate and almost always delayed until night, usually at dusk or dawn. An examination of previous research plus the results of this study suggest that non-predatory intra- and interspecific interactions can be an important mechanism causing drift in streams. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC. RP RADER, RB (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LARAMIE,WY 82070, USA. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 1995 VL 103 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/BF00328418 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ294 UT WOS:A1995RJ29400001 PM 28306938 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR BURTS, EC LEWIS, TM COOP, LB AF HORTON, DR BURTS, EC LEWIS, TM COOP, LB TI STICKY TRAP CATCH OF WINTERFORM AND SUMMERFORM PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) OVER NON-ORCHARD HABITATS SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CACOPSYLLA PYRICOLA; DISPERSAL; SAMPLING; MODELING AB We monitored movement by winterform and summerform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, into non-orchard habitats using large sticky traps placed at various distances from a source pear orchard. Psylla counts were large on traps near the orchard, rapidly decreased between 5 and 20 meters from the orchard, and then flattened out at larger distances (20-120 m). Summerform counts were female-biased; fall winterform counts showed no bias in sex ratio. Models of the form: trap catch = exp(B-0 + B-1 [meters](c)), and trap catch = B-0 + B-1(1/meters) were fitted to the data, where meters is distance the trap was from the source orchard, and c is a constant. The reciprocal model fit the data better than did the exponential models. Counts of winterforms during spring reentry were described by the reciprocal model or by a linear model. Catch on the back-side of traps was the same as that on the orchard-side of traps. Trap catch did not vary with compass direction except during spring, when counts were largest on traps to the south of the source orchard; a second orchard, directly south of the source orchard, may have contributed to this effect. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 71 IS 3 BP 176 EP 189 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TC564 UT WOS:A1995TC56400008 ER PT J AU GREENBERGLEVY, SH ISHAAYA, I SHAAYA, E SILHACEK, DL OBERLANDER, H AF GREENBERGLEVY, SH ISHAAYA, I SHAAYA, E SILHACEK, DL OBERLANDER, H TI HYDROLASE ACTIVITY IN PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA - USE OF DIFLUBENZURON AND P-NITROACETANILIDE AS SUBSTRATES SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; MAJOR METABOLIC PATHWAY; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; HOUSE-FLY; PYRETHROID SYNERGISM; BOLL-WEEVIL; LARVAE; INSECTICIDES; INHIBITORS AB The optimal conditions for diflubenzuron hydrolase activity in Plodia interpunctella were determined using [C-14]diflubenzuron (I)FB) as substrate. The radiolabeled metabolites 4-chloroaniline (4-CA) and 4-chlorophenylurea (4-CPU) were separated and quantitatively evaluated. Profenofos and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate inhibited the enzyme activity in vitro, profenofos being more active. Hydrolysis was also inhibited in the presence of p-nitroacetanilide (pNAA), resulting in a 66% decrease in the release of 4-CA; the release of I-CPU was not affected. pNAA hydrolase activity was higher in the prepupa than in the larval stages. Profenofos inhibited pNAA hydrolase activity to a much greater extent than DEF. The enzyme activity was inhibited by DFB at relatively high concentrations. Determination of Michaelis-Menten kinetics with and without DFB revealed typical competitive reversible inhibition plots. The inhibition depended on the concentrations of enzyme, substrate, and inhibitor. Inhibition of pNAA hydrolysis occurred in the presence of DFB or its antibodies. Our findings indicate the possibility of using pNAA as a surrogate substrate for DFB hydrolase activity. The enzyme assay is accurate and easy to perform and may open up new avenues of research aimed at evaluating defense systems and resistance mechanisms to DFB and other benzoylphenyl ureas. (C) 1995 Academic Press. Inc. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP GREENBERGLEVY, SH (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT STORED PROD,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1006/pest.1995.1041 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA RR698 UT WOS:A1995RR69800001 ER PT J AU CAREY, VF DUKE, SO HOAGLAND, RE TALBERT, RE AF CAREY, VF DUKE, SO HOAGLAND, RE TALBERT, RE TI RESISTANCE MECHANISM OF PROPANIL-RESISTANT BARNYARDGRASS .1. ABSORPTION, TRANSLOCATION, AND SITE OF ACTION STUDIES SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CHLOROPLASTS; ATRAZINE AB Resistance of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to propanil, an important herbicide for controlling weeds in rice, has been discovered in Arkansas. Laboratory studies were conducted using resistant and susceptible barnyardgrass biotypes and C-14-radiolabeled propanil to determine if differential adsorption/translocation of propanil was responsible for resistance and to determine if an altered propanil binding site existed in the resistant biotype. Absorption and translocation of propanil were not significantly different in the resistant and susceptible barnyardgrass biotypes. Chlorophyll fluorescence data from leaf disks exposed to propanil showed that the herbicide binding site in the electron transport chain of PS II was also not altered in the resistant biotype. This biotype was not cross-resistant to other herbicides that inhibit PS II(atrazine, diuron, fluometuron, or linuron) because both biotypes had equal mortality rates when treated with recommended concentrations of these herbicides in the greenhouse, and low levels of atrazine (50 mu M) totally inhibited PS II in chlorophyll fluorescence tests of both biotypes. Thus, propanil resistance in this barnyardgrass biotype is not due to differential absorption, translocation, or modification of the herbicidal site of action. (C) 1995 Academic Press. Inc. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1006/pest.1995.1043 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA RR698 UT WOS:A1995RR69800003 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, RE ZABLOTOWICZ, RM AF HOAGLAND, RE ZABLOTOWICZ, RM TI RHIZOBACTERIA WITH EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH ARYL ACYLAMIDASE ACTIVITY SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORYNEFORM BACTERIUM; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; SOIL; 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE; METABOLISM; PURIFICATION; PROPANIL; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; A-1 AB Two Pseudomonas strains (RA2 and RB4) isolated from the rhizosphere of rice roots possessed exceptionally high aryl acylamidase activity (complete dissipation of 0.5 mM propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide] to dichloroaniline (DCA) in broth cultures within 24 hr). These microorganisms rapidly degraded acetanilide, 2'-nitroacetanilide (2'-NAA), and propanil to the corresponding aniline product in vivo and in vitro. No aryl acylamidase activity was found on several other substrates containing substituted amide bonds: the herbicides linuron [N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea] , diuron [N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea], chlorpropham (1-methylethyl-3-chlorophenylcarbamate), pronamide [3,5-dichloro-N-(1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and one metabolite (2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide) of alachlor. Enzyme activity from both strains exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics using propanil as substrate with K-m values of 0.22 and 0.39 mM and apparent V-max values of 8.1 and 13.9 mu mol DCA/mg whole-cell protein/hr for RA2 and RB4, respectively. V-max values were severalfold higher than those of similar propanil aryl acylamidases, as described in the literature. With 2'-NAA as substrate, a linear relationship between concentration and activity was observed (3 to 4 mu mol product/mg protein/hr at maximum solubility of 2'-NAA), indicating that enzyme saturation was not achieved. These high levels of aryl acylamidase activities are constitutive, since neither propanil nor linuron at 500 mu M was able to induce aryl acylamidase activity in these cell cultures. The insecticide carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) inhibited enzyme activity in vivo and in vitro, but substantially only at concentrations above 100 mu M, with complete inhibition at 500 mu M. The enzyme activity is apparently cytosolic for both strains, and RA-2 had significant extracellular aryl acylamidase activity. These strains may facilitate rapid turnover of propanil residues in rice flood water and soils and may have potential as sources of aryl acylamidase for biotechnological applications. (C) 1995 Academic Press. Inc. RP HOAGLAND, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1006/pest.1995.1044 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA RR698 UT WOS:A1995RR69800004 ER PT J AU BOSTOM, AG HUME, AL EATON, CB LAURINO, JP YANEK, LR REGAN, MS MCQUADE, WH CRAIG, WY PERRONE, G JACQUES, PF AF BOSTOM, AG HUME, AL EATON, CB LAURINO, JP YANEK, LR REGAN, MS MCQUADE, WH CRAIG, WY PERRONE, G JACQUES, PF TI THE EFFECT OF HIGH-DOSE ASCORBATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN(A) LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH PREMATURE CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; ARTERY DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; VITAMIN-C; CHOLESTEROL; ACID AB Study Objective. To determine the efficacy of high-dose ascorbate supplementation in lowering lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in patients with premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Design. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting. Outpatient clinic. Patients. Forty-four patients with documented premature CHD, defined as confirmed myocardial infarction and/or angiographically determined stenosis of 50% or greater in at least one major coronary artery before age 60 years. Interventions. Patients were block randomized on the basis of age, gender, and screening Lp(a) concentrations to receive ascorbate 4.5 g/day or placebo for 12 weeks. Measurements and Main Results. High-dose ascorbate was well tolerated and produced a marked elevation in mean plasma ascorbate levels (+1.2 mg/dl; p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant effect of supplementation on postintervention Lp(a) levels (p=0.39) in a model that included treatment group assignment, and baseline Lp(a) levels. Conclusions. Our findings do not support a clinically important lowering effect of high-dose ascorbate on plasma Lp(a) in patients with premature CHD. C1 RHODE ISL HOSP,DEPT GEN INTERNAL MED,PROVIDENCE,RI. UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT PHARM PRACTICE,KINGSTON,RI. BROWN UNIV,MEM HOSP RHODE ISL,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED,PAWTUCKET,RI. BROWN UNIV,MEM HOSP RHODE ISL,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,PAWTUCKET,RI. FDN BLOOD RES,SCARBOROUGH,ME. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER BOX 806 171 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 458 EP 464 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RL174 UT WOS:A1995RL17400006 PM 7479198 ER PT J AU PICCHIONI, GA WATADA, AE CONWAY, WS WHITAKER, BD SAMS, CE AF PICCHIONI, GA WATADA, AE CONWAY, WS WHITAKER, BD SAMS, CE TI PHOSPHOLIPID, GALACTOLIPID, AND STERYL LIPID-COMPOSITION OF APPLE FRUIT CORTICAL TISSUE FOLLOWING POSTHARVEST CACL2 INFILTRATION SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MALUS DOMESTICA; ROSACEAE; GOLDEN DELICIOUS; SENESCENCE; LIPID CATABOLISM; STEROL CONJUGATION; PLASTID INTEGRITY; FRUIT SOFTENING; POSTHARVEST QUALITY; HPLC ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; CALCIUM TREATMENT; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MEMBRANE DETERIORATION; PRESSURE INFILTRATION; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; STORAGE; QUALITY; DECAY AB Fruit firmness and membrane lipid composition were evaluated in outer cortical tissue of 'Golden Delicious' apples, which were pressure-infiltrated with distilled water, or 2 or 4% CaCl2 solutions at harvest. After six months storage at 0 degrees, fruit were held at 20 degrees for 1, 7 or 14 days and then evaluated. During storage at 0 degrees, firmness had decreased by 20% in water-infiltrated fruit, but by only 6% in fruit infiltrated with 4% CaCl2. During the span of 7 to 14 days at 20 degrees, firmness decreased more rapidly in water-infiltrated fruit compared with CaCl2-infiltrated fruit. Reductions in specific phospholipids (primarily phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol) occurred after transfer to 20 degrees but were largely independent of the infiltration treatment. Steryl glycosides, acylated steryl glycosides, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol concentrations were positively correlated to CaCl2 concentration of infiltration solutions, and a large, transient increase (35-37%) in acylated steryl glycoside concentration occurred during the first 7 days at 20 degrees in CaCl2-infiltrated fruit. In contrast, acylated steryl glycosides decreased by 19% in water-infiltrated fruit over the same time interval. Overall, the results indicate that CaCl2 infiltration may delay galactolipid breakdown, increase the rate of sterol conjugation, and thus affect membrane organization and function during postharvest life of apple fruit. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP PICCHIONI, GA (reprint author), LOUISIANA TECH UNIV,DEPT AGR SCI TECHNOL & EDUC,RUSTON,LA 71272, USA. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 1995 VL 39 IS 4 BP 763 EP 769 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00068-I PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RK524 UT WOS:A1995RK52400004 ER PT J AU KOHNEN, PD JOHANSEN, IE HAMPTON, RO AF KOHNEN, PD JOHANSEN, IE HAMPTON, RO TI CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR-DETECTION OF THE P4 PATHOTYPE OF PEA SEED-BORNE MOSAIC POTYVIRUS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIRAL PATHOTYPE INTERACTIONS ID VIRUS PATHOTYPES; SEED; SEQUENCE AB The New York isolate of pea seedborne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) pathotype P4 was differentiated from the more prevalent PSbMV-P1 pathotype on selected pea cultivars, serologically and by sequence-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PSbMV-P4 was seed-transmissible at much lower rates than PI (0 to 0.7% versus 0 to 32%) in selected pea cultivars and was not detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in reproductive tissues (pollen or embryo axes) of pea, whereas P1 was readily detectable in these tissues. P4 also was aphid-transmitted at lower rates (4 to 16%) than those of P1 (11 to 40%) and had distinct virus acquisition-time optima. RT-PCR detected approximately 10 pg of P4 RNA per 1.0 mu g of total nucleic acids from P4-infected tissues and provided positive pathotype identification in single or mixed infections. RT-PCR and pathotype-selective ELISA were used to determine seed-transmission rates of the two pathotypes in seedling progeny of pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars inoculated with P1, P4, or P1 + P4. There were slight variations in the frequency of P1 seed transmission in the presence of P4; P4 seed-transmission rates did not increase in the presence of P1. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. DANISH INST PLANT & SOIL SCI,BIOTECHNOL GRP,LYNGBY,DENMARK. RI Johansen, Ida/F-7792-2014 OI Johansen, Ida/0000-0001-8660-2018 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1995 VL 85 IS 7 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-789 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RM610 UT WOS:A1995RM61000008 ER PT J AU RYAN, MG AF RYAN, MG TI FOLIAR MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION OF SUB-ALPINE AND BOREAL TREES AND SHRUBS IN RELATION TO NITROGEN-CONTENT SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE BOREAL; DARK RESPIRATION; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; NITROGEN; SUB-ALPINE ID GROWTH RESPIRATION; PLANT RESPIRATION; PINE PLANTATION; LEAVES; DYNAMICS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MODEL; CROP; CONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE AB A nitrogen-based model of maintenance respiration (R(m)) would link R(m) with nitrogen-based photosynthesis models and enable simpler estimation of dark respiration flux from forest canopies. To test whether an N-based model of R(m) would apply generally to foliage of boreal and subalpine woody plants, I measured R(m) (CO2 efflux at night from fully expanded foliage) for foliage of seven species of trees and shrubs in the northern boreal forest (near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada) and seven species in the subalpine montane forest (near Fraser, Colorado, USA). At 10 degrees C, average R(m) for boreal foliage ranged from 0.94 to 6.8 mu mol kg(-1) s(-1) (0.18-0.58 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) and for subalpine foliage it ranged from 0.99 to 7.6 mu mol kg(-1) s(-1) (0.28-0.64 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). CO2 efflux at 10 degrees C for the samples was only weakly correlated with sample weight (r = 0.11) and leaf area (r = 0.58). However, CO2 efflux per unit foliage weight was highly correlated with foliage N concentration [r = 0.83, CO2 flux at 10 degrees C (mol kg(-1) s(-1)) = 2.62 x foliage N (mol kg(-1))], and slopes were statistically similar for the boreal and subalpine sites (P = 0.28), CO2, efflux per unit of foliar N was 1.8 times that reported for a variety of crop and wildland species growing in warmer climates. RP RYAN, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, 240 W PROSPECT RD, FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 58 TC 149 Z9 166 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 18 IS 7 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00579.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RH006 UT WOS:A1995RH00600006 ER PT J AU TORBERT, KA RINES, HW SOMERS, DA AF TORBERT, KA RINES, HW SOMERS, DA TI USE OF PAROMOMYCIN AS A SELECTIVE AGENT FOR OAT TRANSFORMATION SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT GENE-TRANSFER; II NPTII PROTEIN; PLANT-CELLS; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; SELECTABLE MARKERS; RESISTANCE GENE; ELECTROPORATION; CALLUS; MAIZE AB Friable, embryogenic oat (Avena sativa L.) tissue cultures were stably transformed with two different plasmids containing the E. coli tn5 neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (npr II). Selection was accomplished using the antibiotic paromomycin sulfate following microprojectile bombardment. From two independent experiments, 88 paromomycin-resistant tissue cultures were shown to be transgenic based on Southern blot analysis and detection of the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II) protein using ELISA. Copy numbers of the npt II gene ranged from one to eight copies per haploid oat genome integrated into high molecular weight DNA of the paromomycin-resistant cultures. Plants were regenerated from 32 of the 88 transgenic tissue cultures. Plants from 17 of the 32 regenerable cultures exhibited fertility. Stable transformation was shown by segregation patterns of the NPT II protein in R(1) seedlings produced from 16 fertile culture lines that were tested. The overall results demonstrate that the combination of the npt II gene and paromomycin provides efficient selection of transgenic oat tissue cultures. Oat plants transformed with the npt II gene present reduced ecological risk compared to the previously used herbicide-resistance selection system. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 26 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUL PY 1995 VL 14 IS 10 BP 635 EP 640 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RK862 UT WOS:A1995RK86200006 PM 24194311 ER PT J AU MOHAMEDYASSEEN, Y BARRINGER, SA SPLITTSTOESSER, WE SCHNELL, RJ AF MOHAMEDYASSEEN, Y BARRINGER, SA SPLITTSTOESSER, WE SCHNELL, RJ TI RAPID PROPAGATION OF TUNA (OPUNTIA-FICUS-INDICA) AND PLANT ESTABLISHMENT IN SOIL SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Note DE CACTUS; PRICKLY PEAR; MICROPROPAGATION; INDIAN FIG; ORGANOGENESIS ID POLYACANTHA CACTACEAE; PROLIFERATION; INVITRO AB Explants from young joints of mature plants of tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 8.8 mu M benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mu M naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoots produced were utilized as secondary explants. Each shoot was cut longitudinally from apex to base into two explants, and some of these explants were cut transversely into proximal and distal explants. The size and number of shoots produced was affected by size and position of the explant within its source. The shoots were rooted in vitro or ex vitro and plants were successfully established in soil from both rooting methods. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,NAT CLONAL GERMPLASM REP,MIAMI,FL 33158. RP MOHAMEDYASSEEN, Y (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HORT,S 406 TURNER HALL,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 42 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 DI 10.1007/BF00037690 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA RU151 UT WOS:A1995RU15100014 ER PT J AU CARSON, ML AF CARSON, ML TI A NEW GENE IN MAIZE CONFERRING THE CHLOROTIC HALO REACTION TO INFECTION BY EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CORN; SETOSPHAERIA TURCICA; ZEA MAYS ID NORTHERN LEAF-BLIGHT; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-TURCICUM; YIELD LOSSES; MAJOR GENE; CORN; RESISTANCE; HTN; TEMPERATURE; VIRULENT; LIGHT AB During recurrent selection in the maize synthetic BS19, S-1 lines exhibiting a unique lesion phenotype in response to infection with Exserohilum turcicum were observed. This phenotype, dubbed ''chlorotic halo,'' initially appears as dark orange-brown pigmented infection points that are later surrounded by a circular chlorotic halo about 1 cm in diameter. Most infection points retain this phenotype, although some later develop into the elongated, elliptical necrotic lesions typical of northern leaf blight (NLB). An inbred line derived from this initial selection was crossed to the susceptible inbred line A619 and the inheritance of the chlorotic halo reaction studied in advanced generations from this cross. Segregation ratios were consistent with the hypothesis that the chlorotic halo phenotype is controlled by a single recessive gene. This gene appears to be located on the short arm of chromosome 1 near the centromere, based upon reciprocal translocation mapping studies. The chlorotic halo reaction was expressed against races 0,1,23, and 23N of E. turcicum in the field. The effectiveness of the chlorotic halo gene in reducing losses to NLB remains to be demonstrated. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP CARSON, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 79 IS 7 BP 717 EP 720 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RH935 UT WOS:A1995RH93500013 ER PT J AU SMILANICK, JL MARGOSAN, DA HENSON, DJ AF SMILANICK, JL MARGOSAN, DA HENSON, DJ TI EVALUATION OF HEATED SOLUTIONS OF SULFUR-DIOXIDE, ETHANOL, AND HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE TO CONTROL POSTHARVEST GREEN MOLD OF LEMONS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BICARBONATE AB Lemon fruit were inoculated with spores of Penicillium digitatum and immersed in solutions of ethanol, sulfur dioxide, or hydrogen peroxide to control postharvest green mold. Green mold incidence and fruit injury were assessed after treatments employing various combinations of concentration, duration of treatment, temperature, and post-treatment rinses. Heating of the solutions was needed to attain acceptable efficacy. Sulfur dioxide and ethanol controlled green mold without injury to fruit, whereas hydrogen peroxide did not effectively control green mold and caused unacceptable injury to fruit. Treatments selected for extensive evaluation were immersion in 10% ethanol at 45 degrees C for 150 s without rinsing, or in 2% sulfur dioxide at 45 degrees C for 150 s followed by two fresh water rinses. These treatments were compared with two existing decay control methods: immersion in 3% sodium carbonate at 45 degrees C for 150 s followed by two fresh water rinses, or in 1,000 mu g/ml imazalil at 25 degrees C for 60 s. Lemons were inoculated at 20 degrees C then incubated for 12, 24, 48, or 60 h before treatments were applied. Efficacy of sulfur dioxide and ethanol treatments was comparable to that of sodium carbonate and imazalil. Sulfur dioxide and ethanol did not injure the fruit and their residues were low. The sulfur dioxide content of lemons immediately after treatment was less than 1 mu g/ml. The ethanol content of lemons analyzed immediately after ethanol treatment was 58.6 (+/-9.6) mu g/ml and 24.4 (+/-11.7) mu g/ml after storage for 7 days at 20 C. The ethanol content of untreated fruit was 3.3 mu g/ml. RP SMILANICK, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 44 TC 59 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 79 IS 7 BP 742 EP 747 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RH935 UT WOS:A1995RH93500018 ER PT J AU BRUTON, BD DAVIS, RM AF BRUTON, BD DAVIS, RM TI OCCURRENCE OF ACREMONIUM SP AND MONOSPORASCUS-CANNONBALLUS IN THE MAJOR CANTALOUPE AND WATERMELON GROWING AREAS OF CALIFORNIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP BRUTON, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 2 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 79 IS 7 BP 754 EP 754 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RH935 UT WOS:A1995RH93500021 ER PT J AU DEHESH, K SMITH, LG TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH AF DEHESH, K SMITH, LG TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH TI TWIN AUTONOMOUS BIPARTITE NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION SIGNALS DIRECT NUCLEAR IMPORT OF GT-2 SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; PLANT-CELLS; PHYTOCHROME GENE; AVENA-SATIVA; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; MAIZE; TRANSCRIPTION; SPECIFICITY; ELEMENT AB GT-2 is a DNA-binding protein with high target-sequence specificity toward functionally defined, positively acting cis elements in the rice phytochrome A gene promoter. Using immunocytochemical procedures, it is shown here that GT-2 is localized to the nucleus, consistent with a function in transcriptional regulation. Immunoblot and immunocytochemical analyses show that rice shoots contain higher levels of GT-2 protein than roots, and that no photo-induced changes in GT-2 abundance or spatial distribution are detectable in these tissues, a result consistent with the proposed constitutive activity of GT-2. In both shoots and roots, GT-2 protein is undetectable in meristematic tissue but becomes expressed at later stages of cellular development, consistent with a role in contributing to the pattern of phytochrome A gene expression. By transfecting protoplasts with a series of constructs containing deletion derivatives of GT-2 fused to beta-glucuronidase (GUS), followed by in situ localization of GUS activity, two independent, functionally active nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) have been identified in GT-2. One NLS resides within each of a pair of previously identified, spatially separate, trihelix motifs in the protein. Sequence inversion and alanine-scanning mutagenesis has identified residues within these NLSs necessary for nuclear localization. Each NLS contains two basic domains separated by 10 amino acids, conforming to the bipartite class of NLS involved in the targeting of numerous other nuclear localized proteins. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 61 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1995.08010025.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ580 UT WOS:A1995RJ58000003 PM 7655505 ER PT J AU KALAITZIS, P KOEHLER, SM TUCKER, ML AF KALAITZIS, P KOEHLER, SM TUCKER, ML TI CLONING OF A TOMATO POLYGALACTURONASE EXPRESSED IN ABSCISSION SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABSCISSION; GENE EXPRESSION; POLYGALACTURONASE; ETHYLENE; AUXIN ID MESSENGER-RNA; FRUIT POLYGALACTURONASE; LEAF ABSCISSION; CDNA CLONE; CELLULASE; ETHYLENE; EXPLANTS; POLLEN; ACID AB Abscission, organ separation, is accompanied by cell wall breakdown in separation layer cells. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), ethylene-induced abscission is correlated with an increase in polygalacturonase (PG) and endo-beta-1,4-D-glucanase (cellulase) activity. We have;identified a putative, abscission-specific cDNA clone for PG, pTAPG1. The TAPG1 cDNA has 43% identity at the amino acid level with the tomato fruit PG. Genomic blot analysis suggests that the gene for TAPG1 is a member of a small subfamily of PG genes that is distinct from the tomato fruit PG. The TAPGI cDNA hybridizes to mRNA expressed during the course of ethylene-induced leaf and flower abscission. A high level of PG transcript accumulation coincides with the occurrence of abscission. Auxin, an abscission inhibitor, and silver thiosulfate, an ethylene action inhibitor, suppressed accumulation of mRNA in leaf abscission zones complementary to the TAPG1 cDNA. Expression of TAPG1 transcripts is several-fold higher in flower abscission zones than in leaf abscission zones. The identification of cDNAs that encode abscission-specific PG provide and additional tool to study the regulation of abscission and cell wall dissolution in separation layer cells. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,CELL & MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 34 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 28 IS 4 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1007/BF00021190 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RQ103 UT WOS:A1995RQ10300005 PM 7647297 ER PT J AU NIE, GY HENDRIX, DL WEBBER, AN KIMBALL, BA LONG, SP AF NIE, GY HENDRIX, DL WEBBER, AN KIMBALL, BA LONG, SP TI INCREASED ACCUMULATION OF CARBOHYDRATES AND DECREASED PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENE TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN WHEAT GROWN AT AN ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATION IN THE FIELD SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE-OXYGENASE; HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; MESSENGER-RNA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACCLIMATION; EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR; LEAVES; STARCH AB Repression of photosynthetic genes by increased soluble carbohydrate concentrations may explain acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 concentration. This hypothesis was examined in a field crop of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at both ambient (approximately 360 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated (550 mu mol mol(-1)) atmospheric CO2 concentrations using free-air CO2 enrichment at Maricopa, Arizona. The correspondence of steady-state levels of mRNA transcripts (coding for the 83-kD photosystem I apoprotein, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, phosphoribulokinase, phosphoglycerokinase, and the large and small subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) with leaf carbohydrate concentrations (glucose-6-phosphate, glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructans, and starch) was examined at different stages of crop and leaf development and through the diurnal cycle. Overall only a weak correspondence between increased soluble carbohydrate concentrations and decreased levels for nuclear gene transcripts was found. The difference in soluble carbohydrate concentration between leaves grown at elevated and current ambient CO2 concentrations diminished with crop development, whereas the difference in transcript levels increased. In the flag leaf, soluble carbohydrate concentrations declined markedly with the onset of grain filling; yet transcript levels also declined. The results suggest that, whereas the hypothesis may hold well in model laboratory systems, many other factors modified its significance in this field wheat crop. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,DIV BIOSYST & PROC SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,TEMPE,AZ 85287. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,CTR STUDY EARLY EVENTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS,TEMPE,AZ 85287. UNIV ESSEX,DEPT BIOL,COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ,ESSEX,ENGLAND. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 52 TC 120 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 975 EP 983 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500013 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RW BACHMANN, M HUBER, SC AF MCMICHAEL, RW BACHMANN, M HUBER, SC TI SPINACH LEAF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE AND NITRATE REDUCTASE ARE PHOSPHORYLATED INACTIVATED BY MULTIPLE PROTEIN-KINASES IN-VITRO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODULATION; PURIFICATION; LEAVES AB The regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities from mature spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves share many similarities in vivo and in vitro. Both enzymes are light/dark modulated by processes that involve, at least in part, reversible protein phosphorylation. Experiments using desalted crude extracts show that the ATP-dependent inactivation of spinach SPS and NR is sensitive to inhibition by glucose-6-phosphate. Also, a synthetic peptide homolog of the spinach SPS phosphorylation site inhibits the ATP-dependent inactivation of both enzymes with a similar concentration dependence. We have addressed the possibility that SPS and NR are regulated by the same protein kinase by partially purifying the protein kinases involved. Three unique kinase activities can be separated by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Each peak of activity has a different substrate specificity. By gel filtration, they have apparent molecular masses of approximately 45, 60, and 150 kD. Additionally, the activities of the two smaller kinases are dependent on micromolar concentrations of Ca2+, whereas the 150-kD kinase is not. Finally, the 150-kD kinase has a subunit molecular mass of about 65 kD as determined by renaturing the kinase activity in situ following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1077 EP 1082 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500025 ER PT J AU BACHMANN, M MCMICHAEL, RW HUBER, JL KAISER, WM HUBER, SC AF BACHMANN, M MCMICHAEL, RW HUBER, JL KAISER, WM HUBER, SC TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE AND AN INHIBITOR PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR INACTIVATION OF SPINACH LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-DARK MODULATION; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; SUCROSE; LEAVES; ACID; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACTIVATION; KINETICS; NADH AB Evidence is accumulating that the activity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf NADH:nitrate reductase (NR) is modulated both in vitro and in vivo by protein phosphorylation. From the present study we report the partial purification of the two protein factors needed for NR inactivation. We identified NR-protein kinase (NR-PK) as a calcium-dependent and metabolite-regulated protein kinase and have provided additional evidence that phosphorylation of NR is necessary but not sufficient to inactivate the enzyme. The inhibitor protein required for inactivation of phospho-NR was purified 625-fold by polyethylene glycol fractionation and sequential column chromatography. Using partially purified inhibitor protein and NR-PK, we characterized NR inactivation (increased sensitivity to Mg2+ inhibition) in a reconstituted in vitro system. NR-PK activity was inhibited by a variety of metabolic phosphate esters including dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Light-to-dark transition experiments with a starchless tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) mutant, which accumulates phosphate esters during the photoperiod, indicated that NR inactivation in vivo might, indeed, be down-regulated by metabolites. Additionally, we postulate that cytosolic free calcium could play an important role in the regulation of NR activity in vivo. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV WURZBURG,JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH,D-97082 WURZBURG,GERMANY. NR 39 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1083 EP 1091 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500026 ER PT J AU HOLDEN, MJ CRIMMINS, TJ CHANEY, RL AF HOLDEN, MJ CRIMMINS, TJ CHANEY, RL TI CU2+ REDUCTION BY TOMATO ROOT PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM L; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; IRON-DEFICIENCY; FE; NADH; INDUCTION; STRESS; MILL AB Reduction of Cu2+ by plasma membrane vesicles isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) roots was investigated. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture with complete nutrition for 4 weeks or were deprived of Fe for the last 7 d. Plasma membrane vesicles were prepared by aqueous two-phase partitioning. Reduction of Cu, Fe, and ferricyanide by plasma membrane vesicles was measured. An increase in the activity of all three pyridine-nucleotide-dependent activities was noted in plasma membrane preparations from Fe-deficient, compared to Fe-sufficient, plants. Solubilization and chromatographic separation of two plasma membrane electron transport systems indicated that the Fe-chelate reductase was probably responsible for reduction of Cu. Assays used a variety of Cu chelates, and for each the Cu activity in the assay was determined by the program Geochem PC. The rate of reduction of Cu correlated with the level of Cu activity, and results support the idea that free Cu2+ and not Cu chelates may serve as the true substrate for reduction. Reduction was observed only in assays in which Cu activity was equivalent to Cu-enriched or Cu-toxic soils. These results suggest that reduction of Cu by tomato root may have little or no physiological relevance under conditions experienced by the root in the soil. C1 USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1093 EP 1098 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500027 ER PT J AU HOLAPPA, LD WALKERSIMMONS, MK AF HOLAPPA, LD WALKERSIMMONS, MK TI THE WHEAT ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE PROTEIN-KINASE MESSENGER-RNA, PKABA1, IS UP-REGULATED BY DEHYDRATION, COLD TEMPERATURE, AND OSMOTIC-STRESS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREEZING TOLERANCE; GENE; PHOSPHORYLATION; ARABIDOPSIS; ETHYLENE; YEAST; SNF1; CDNA; DESICCATION; METABOLISM AB The effects of dehydration, cold-temperature treatment, and osmotic and salt stress on the expression of an abscisic acid-responsive protein kinase mRNA (PKABA1) were determined in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. The PKABA1 transcript was detectable at basal levels in tissues of nonstressed plants and accumulated to higher levels in shoot, scutellar, and root tissues of stressed plants. PKABA1 transcript accumulated rapidly within 2 h following dehydration and within 24 h following other treatments (cold, osmotic stress, and high salt). The accumulation of PKABA1 mRNA could not be separated temporally from that of a wheat group 3 late embryogenesis abundant mRNA during dehydration and cold treatment. High PKABA1 mRNA levels were observed in field-grown plants growing under cold winter conditions but not under warmer summer conditions. A recent GenBank data base search indicated that other plant protein kinases with similar acidic amino acid stretches as in PKABA1 have been identified, and some of these kinases are responsive to environmental signals. These results suggest that PKABA1 may be part of general environmental stress responses in wheat. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 42 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1203 EP 1210 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500040 ER PT J AU SALCH, YP GROVE, MJ TAKAMURA, H GARDNER, HW AF SALCH, YP GROVE, MJ TAKAMURA, H GARDNER, HW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A C-5,13-CLEAVING ENZYME OF 13(S)-HYDROPEROXIDE OF LINOLENIC ACID BY SOYBEAN SEED SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; ANAEROBIC REACTION; LIPOXYGENASE AB An activity was found in mature soybean seeds (Glycine max L. cv Century) that cleaved 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13S-HPOT) into 13-oxo-9(Z),11 (E)-tridecadienoic acid and two isomeric pentenols, 2(Z)-penten-1-ol and 1-penten-3-ol. Isomeric pentene dimers were also produced and were presumably derived from the combination of two pentene radicals. 13(S)-Hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (13S-HPOD) was, by contrast, a poor substrate. Activity with 13S-HPOT increased 24-fold under anaerobic conditions reminiscent of a similar anaerobic promoted reaction of 13S-HPOD catalyzed by lipoxygenase (LOX) in the presence of linoleic acid. However, prior to ion-exchange chromatography, cleavage activity did not require linoleic acid. After separation by gel filtration followed by ion-exchange chromatography, cleavage activity was lost but reappeared in the presence of either linoleic acid or dithiothreitol. Under these conditions cleavage activity was coincident with the activity of types 1 and 2 LOX. LOX inhibitors suppressed the cleavage reaction in a manner similar to inhibition of LOX activity. Heat-generated alkoxyl radicals derived from either 13S-HPOT or 13S-HPOD afforded similar products and yields of 13-oxo-9(Z),11 (E)-tridecadienoic acid compared to the enzymic reaction. The product 1-penten-3-ol may be the precursor of the ''raw-bean'' volatile ethylvinylketone. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NARA WOMENS UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & NUTR,NARA 630,JAPAN. NR 24 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1211 EP 1218 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500041 ER PT J AU MARTIN, MN SAFTNER, RA AF MARTIN, MN SAFTNER, RA TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID N-MALONYLTRANSFERASE FROM TOMATO FRUIT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNG-BEAN HYPOCOTYLS; D-AMINO ACIDS; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATE MALONYLTRANSFERASE; 1-(MALONYLAMINO)CYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; PISUM-SATIVUM; IDENTIFICATION; MALONYLATION; SYNTHASE AB 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) can be oxidized to ethylene or diverted to the conjugate 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC) by an ACC N-malonyltransferase. We developed a facile assay for the ACC N-malonyltransferase that resolved [C-14]MACC from [C-14]ACC by thin-layer chromatography and detected and quantified them using a radioisotope-imaging system. Using this assay, we showed that ACC N-malonyltransferase activity has developmental and tissue-specific patterns of expression in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit. In the pericarp, activity was elevated for several days postanthesis, subsequently declined to a basal level, increased 3-fold at the onset of ripening, and again declined in overripe fruit. In the seed, activity increased throughout embryogenesis, maturation, and desiccation. Treatment of fruit with ethylene increased activity 50- to 100-fold in the pericarp. ACC N-malonyltransferase was purified 22,000-fold to a specific activity of 22,000 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein using ammonium sulfate precipitation, DyeMatrex Green A affinity, anion-exchange, Cibacron Blue 3GA affinity, hydrophobic interaction, and molecular filtration chromatography. Native and sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured enzyme showed molecular masses of 38 kD, indicating that the enzyme exists as a monomer. The enzyme exhibited a K-m for ACC of 500 mu M, was not inhibited by D- or L-amino acids, and did not conjugate alpha-aminoisobutyric acid or L-amino acids. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1241 EP 1249 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500045 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ AF SALVUCCI, ME CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ TI PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF A UNIQUE NUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE PHOSPHODIESTERASE-I THAT ACCUMULATES IN SOYBEAN LEAVES IN RESPONSE TO FRUIT REMOVAL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; HUMAN-PLACENTA; PC-1; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN AB Several unique proteins accumulate in soybean (Glycine max) leaves when the developing fruits are removed. In the present study, elevated levels of nucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase I activities were present in leaves of defruited soybean plants. The soluble enzyme catalyzing these reactions was purified nearly 1000-fold, producing a preparation that contained a single 72-kD polypeptide. The molecular mass of the holoenzyme was approximately 560 kD, indicating that the native enzyme was likely octameric. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed nucleotide-sugars, nucleotide di- and triphosphates, thymidine monophosphate p-nitrophenol, and inorganic pyrophosphate but not nucleotide monophosphates, sugar mono- and bisphosphates, or NADH. The subunit and holoenzyme molecular masses and the preference for substrates distinguish the soybean leaf nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I from other plant nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I enzymes. Also, the N-terminal sequence of the soybean leaf enzyme exhibited no similarity to the mammalian nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I, soybean vegetative storage proteins, or other entries in the data bank. Thus, the soybean leaf nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I appears to be a heretofore undescribed protein that is physically and enzymatically distinct from nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I from other sources, as well as from other phosphohydrolytic enzymes that accumulate in soybean leaves in response to fruit removal. RP SALVUCCI, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1269 EP 1276 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500048 ER PT J AU LAL, SK SACHS, MM AF LAL, SK SACHS, MM TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ANAEROBICALLY INDUCED CDNA-ENCODING GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE FROM MAIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ISOZYMES C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5 R01 GM34740] NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1295 EP 1296 DI 10.1104/pp.108.3.1295 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ235 UT WOS:A1995RJ23500053 PM 7630947 ER PT J AU SETTLAGE, SB WILSON, RF KWANYUEN, P AF SETTLAGE, SB WILSON, RF KWANYUEN, P TI LOCALIZATION OF DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE TO OIL BODY ASSOCIATED ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; OIL BODIES; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; GLYCINE MAX ID GERMINATING SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS; BRASSICA-NAPUS L; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; DEVELOPING SEEDS; BODIES; BIOSYNTHESIS; MICROSOMES; STORAGE; OLEOSIN; SYSTEM AB In oil rich cotyledons of plant seeds, triacylglycerol (TG) is stored in subcellular oil bodies. Oil body enriched fractions often exhibit activity for diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20), the enzyme which catalyses TG biosynthesis. This DGAT activity may result from either non-specific contamination of oil bodies with membrane fragments, or specific association between oil bodies and organelles that contain DGAT. To clarify this relation, DGAT activity was examined in fractions produced during oil body purification from germinating soybean (Glycine max L,. Merr.) seeds. Most of the DGAT activity associated with oil body enriched fat pads was removed to pellet and supernatant fractions during oil body purification. The specific activity of DGAT in pellet fractions was highly correlated with the specific activity of cytochrome c reductase, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker enzyme. Purified oil bodies exhibited activity for the ER marker, choline phosphotransferase, but were devoid of markers for plastids, mitochondria or Golgi bodies. Because ER membrane uniquely persisted with oil bodies, it appeared that oil bodies had a high affinity for ER either by inclusion of ER membrane upon homogenization or through direct association between the two organelles in vivo. C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SETTLAGE, SB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOX 7622,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI MONTROUGE PA DEPT UNIV PROFESSIONNEL REVUES SCIENTIFIQUES TECHNIQUE 11 RUE GOSSIN, F-92543 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 4 BP 399 EP 407 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RL056 UT WOS:A1995RL05600003 ER PT J AU PELLET, DM GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF PELLET, DM GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI ORGANIC-ACID EXUDATION AS AN ALUMINUM-TOLERANCE MECHANISM IN MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; CITRATE; MALATE; PHOSPHATE; ROOT (APEX, EXUDATE); ZEA (AL TOLERANCE) ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; TROPICAL MAIZE; ROOT EXUDATION; CITRIC-ACID; TOXICITY; WHEAT; POPULATION; EXCRETION; SELECTION; APICES AB In this study, the role of root organic acid synthesis and exudation in the mechanism of aluminum tolerance was examined in Al-tolerant (South American 3) and Al-sensitive (Tuxpeno and South American 5) maize genotypes. In a growth solution containing 6 mu M Al3+, Tuxpeno and South American 5 were found to be two- and threefold more sensitive to Al than South American 3. Root organic acid content and organic acid exudation from the entire root system into the bulk solution were investigated via high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis while exudates collected separately from the root apex or a mature root region (using a divided-root-chamber technique) were analyzed with a more-sensitive ion chromatography system. In both the Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive lines: Al treatment significantly increased the total root content of organic acids, which was likely the result of Al stress and not the cause of the observed differential Al tolerance. In the absence of Al, small amounts of citrate were exuded into the solution bathing the roots. Aluminum exposure triggered a stimulation of citrate release in the Al-tolerant but not in the Al-sensitive genotypes; this response was localized to the root apex of the Al-tolerant genotype. Additionally, Al exposure triggered the release of phosphate from the root apex of the ne Al-tolerant genotype. The same solution Al3+ activity that elicited the maximum difference in Al sensitivity between Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive genotypes also triggered maximal citrate release from the root apex of the Al-tolerant line. The significance of citrate as a potential detoxifier for aluminum is discussed. It is concluded that organic acid release by the root apex could be an important aspect of Al tolerance in maize. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 26 TC 330 Z9 401 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUL PY 1995 VL 196 IS 4 BP 788 EP 795 DI 10.1007/BF01106775 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN786 UT WOS:A1995RN78600023 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL AF WILLETT, JL TI WATER SORPTION AND DIFFUSION IN STARCH/POLYOLEFIN BLENDS SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; STARCH; POLYALKYLMETHACRYLATES; ASSOCIATION AB The kinetics of water sorption by starch filled polyolefins has been investigated using blends of a commercial starch masterbatch with low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density PE (HDPE), and copolymers of ethylene with methyl acrylate (EMA), ethyl acrylate (EEA), and n-butyl acrylate (EEA). Transient state diffusion coefficients (D) of water in the blends were determined using Fickian analysis of the initial stages of the sorption isotherms. Measured D values were several orders of magnitude lower than values reported for either pure starch or LDPE by various investigators. Resin effects on D were in the order D-HDPE < D-LDPE much less than D-EBA < D-EBA < D-EMA. The resin effects diminished as the starch content increased. The lower magnitude of D in the blends relative to pure LDPE was attributed to the sorption of water by the dry starch particles, in a manner similar to dual-mode sorption in glassy polymers. Copolymer effects were consistent with reduction in crystallinity caused by the comonomers. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on starch content was not described by mixing models of heterogeneous systems or percolation theory. RP WILLETT, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 35 IS 14 BP 1184 EP 1190 DI 10.1002/pen.760351409 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA RM041 UT WOS:A1995RM04100008 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM HOLLISTER, AG CALDWELL, DJ THOMAS, LA HARGIS, BM TOMKINS, T DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM HOLLISTER, AG CALDWELL, DJ THOMAS, LA HARGIS, BM TOMKINS, T DELOACH, JR TI TREATMENT OF COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS WITH A CHARACTERIZED CULTURE OF CECAL BACTERIA TO REDUCE SALMONELLAE COLONIZATION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION; COMMERCIAL BROILER; VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS; CECAL BACTERIA ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; TYPHIMURIUM; PROTECTION; INFECTION; FLORA AB The effect of treatment with a newly developed characterized continuous-flow (CCF) culture composed of 29 strains of cecal bacteria on salmonellae colonization was evaluated in commercially reared broiler chickens. Newly hatched chicks in three flocks were sprayed with CCF culture as they were placed in rearing houses and compared with untreated flocks on the same farm. Hatchery transport tray liners and rearing house feed, water, and litter samples were cultured for the presence of salmonellae. Cecal samples were cultured after 3- and 6-wk growout. Skin-feather samples were cultured at 6-wk growout. Fifty-five percent of the transport tray liners were contaminated with salmonellae on the day of chick placement. At 3 wk, salmonellae serotypes present on the tray liners were widely distributed in the litter of the rearing houses. The results indicated that exposure to salmonellae occurred before culture treatment and continued in the rearing houses during the 6-wk growout period. Salmonellae cecal colonization was decreased (P <.05) in two of the treated flocks at 3 wk and diminished (P <.07) in the third treated flock compared with control flocks. At 6 wk, skin-feather contamination and cecal colonization were decreased (P <.05) in one of the treated flocks whereas no treatment effect occurred in two of the treated flocks compared with controls. The results clearly indicate the necessity of implementing integrated programs to control salmonellae in both the hatchery and rearing house environments. The CCF culture served to enhance salmonellae colonization resistance and may serve as a useful component of an integrated control program. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. MILK SPECIALTIES CO,DUNDEE,IL 60118. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1093 EP 1101 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RG590 UT WOS:A1995RG59000005 PM 7479486 ER PT J AU TROUT, JM LILLEHOJ, HS AF TROUT, JM LILLEHOJ, HS TI EIMERIA-ACERVULINA INFECTION - EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF CD8(+) T-LYMPHOCYTES IN SPOROZOITE TRANSPORT AND HOST PROTECTION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EIMERIA ACERVULINA; CD8+ LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; COCCIDIOSIS; IMMUNITY ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CHICKEN; TENELLA; MACROPHAGES; ANTIGENS; OOCYSTS AB Host-parasite interactions during coccidial infection are complex, and host responses leading to parasite elimination are not well understood. Interactions between host cells and parasites were investigated using two-color immunofluorescent staining of duodenal tissue infected with Eimeria acervulina. Tissues were removed from TK strain chickens 24, 48, and 72 h after primary infection with 2.5 x 10(7) normal or irradiated oocysts and also following secondary infection with 2.5 x 10(7) normal oocysts. The tissues were embedded in freezing compound, frozen, sectioned, and fixed in cold acetone. Sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies to identify CD4(+) CD8(+) Ig(+) and Bu1a(+) lymphocytes, as well as macrophages and parasites. At 24 h after all infections, sporozoites were seen primarily in CD8(+) lymphocytes and macrophages. Many CD8(+) lymphocytes were seen at all times in infected tissues and frequently appeared to be in contact with infected epithelial cells. Sporozoites were occasionally seen in CD4(+) lymphocytes but none were noted in Ig(+) or Bu1a(+) lymphocytes. Meront development was extensive after primary infection with normal oocysts, sparse after primary infection with irradiated oocysts, and moderate after secondary infection. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1117 EP 1125 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RG590 UT WOS:A1995RG59000007 PM 7479488 ER PT J AU DONOGHUE, AM GARNER, DL DONOGHUE, DJ JOHNSON, LA AF DONOGHUE, AM GARNER, DL DONOGHUE, DJ JOHNSON, LA TI VIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF TURKEY SPERM USING FLUORESCENT STAINING AND FLOW-CYTOMETRY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPERMATOZOA VIABILITY; FLUORESCENCE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; TURKEY ID SPERMATOZOAL FUNCTION; BOVINE SPERMATOZOA; POULTRY SEMEN; FERTILITY; STORAGE; FROZEN; FOWL; 5-C AB Turkey sperm viability was evaluated using several fluorescent stains both singularly and in combination. Dilution curves and several extenders were used to determine optimal stain concentrations. Semen was collected from eight toms, pooled, diluted, stained, and evaluated microscopically within 2 h of collection. Replicates were assessed for both viable and nonviable sperm (green and red fluorescence, respectively) using flow cytometry. SYBR-14, which likely requires membrane potential for optimal fluorescence, or Calcein AM (GAL), which assesses the membrane integrity of cells (both green fluorescence), in combination with propidium iodide (PI) to stain the dead or degenerating cells (red fluorescence) provided optimal results. Sperm were killed by unprotected freeze-thawing to provide mixed aliquots containing known amounts of fresh:killed sperm. The percentage of viable sperm, as determined by SYBR-14 with PI or CAL with PI staining, were 76.6, 58.8, 39.3, 20.1, .8, and 73.5, 55.8, 36.0, 17.1, .4, respectively, for ratios of 100:0, 75: 25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 of fresh:killed mixtures. Semen from 30 individual toms was collected on 2 d and examined in replicate using these staining combinations. The proportion of viable sperm, as indicated by uptake of SYBR-14 or CAL stain, ranged from 55.8 to 86.7 and 38.0 to 86.1, respectively. Staining combinations were effective in estimating the viability of turkey sperm and could be useful for monitoring sperm viability before and after storage. RP DONOGHUE, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1191 EP 1200 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RG590 UT WOS:A1995RG59000014 PM 7479495 ER PT J AU PROUDMAN, JA KRISHNAN, KA MARUYAMA, K AF PROUDMAN, JA KRISHNAN, KA MARUYAMA, K TI ONTOGENY OF PITUITARY AND SERUM GROWTH-HORMONE IN GROWING TURKEYS AS MEASURED BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY AND RADIORECEPTOR ASSAY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ONTOGENY; GROWTH HORMONE; TURKEY; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; IMMUNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ID CHICKEN; VARIANTS; HETEROGENEITY; EXTRACTION; ISOFORMS; RECEPTOR AB Some mammalian studies have revealed a wide discrepancy in pituitary and circulating growth hormone (GH) measurements determined by immunological and biological assay methods. Recent studies demonstrating that avian GH exists in numerous isoforms raise concerns that immunological measurement of GH may not accurately reflect the amount of biologically active hormone present. We sampled eight different male turkeys of a commercial strain weekly until 6 wk of age, and then biweekly until 20 wk. Total pituitary GH content and serum GH concentration were measured by avian GH RIA and radioreceptor assay (RRA). The highest mean serum GH concentration occurred at 3 wk, and the ontogeny of serum GH content from 1 to 8 wk was similar whether measured by RIA or RRA. Pituitary GH content was highest at 6 wk, but RIA and RRA estimates differed markedly throughout the study. Pituitary content of biologically active GH, as estimated by RRA, exceeded that of immunologically active GH from 2 to 10 wk, whereas the reverse was true at 14, 18, and 20 wk. We conclude that this avian GH RIA accurately measures bioactive circulating turkey GH, but that the pituitary of the young turkey may contain bioactive GH isoforms that have poor immunological activity in our RIA. C1 USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PROUDMAN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1201 EP 1208 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RG590 UT WOS:A1995RG59000015 PM 7479496 ER PT J AU KIM, YI MASON, JB AF KIM, YI MASON, JB TI FOLATE, EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA AND COLON-CANCER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; FOLIC-ACID; DNA METHYLATION; INTERVENTION TRIAL; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; DEFICIENT RATS; FRAGILE SITES; CELLS; DIET C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. TUFTS UNIV, NEW ENGLAND MED CTR, SCH MED, DIV CLIN NUTR, BOSTON, MA USA. TUFTS UNIV, NEW ENGLAND MED CTR, SCH MED, DIV GASTROENTEROL, BOSTON, MA USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1UO1 CA63812-01] NR 81 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1081-650X J9 P ASSOC AM PHYSICIAN JI Proc. Assoc. Am. Phys. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 218 EP 227 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TF498 UT WOS:A1995TF49800007 PM 8624855 ER PT J AU HU, GY FRANK, JH AF HU, GY FRANK, JH TI STRUCTURAL COMPARISON OF THE CHORION SURFACE OF 5 PHILONTHUS SPECIES (COLEOPTERA, STAPHYLINIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE PHILONTHUS; EGGS; SURFACE STRUCTURE AB Surface structures of eggs of five species of Philonthus are illustrated with the aid of scanning electron micrographs. Eggs studied are of the following cow-dung-inhabiting species in northcentral Florida: Philonthus longicornis Stephens, P. flavolimbatus Erichson, P. ventralis (Gravenhorst), P. sericans (Gravenhorst) and P. hepaticus Erichson. The eggs of P. longicornis, P. flavolimbatus and P. ventralis have high, longitudinal ridges, which are 4-5 for P. ventralis, but 7-8 for the other two species. The ridges of P. longicornis eggs are continuous and wider, and the egg surface between the ridges is covered by tubercles, whereas the ridges of P. flavolimbatus eggs are discontinuous (with weak connections between the tubercles) and narrower, and the egg surface between the ridges is covered by sharp teeth. Eggs of P. sericans have low, parallel and connected ridges, which consist of minute granules and scattered enlarged granules over the entire surface. Eggs of P. hepaticus are covered by compact, minute granules and cone-shaped structures resembling volcanoes. Aeropyles occur on the egg ridges in P. longicornis and P. flavolimbatus, but on the surface between the ridges in P. ventralis and P. sericans. A key is given to the five species of Philonthus eggs. RP HU, GY (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,1600-1700 SW 23RD DR,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 97 IS 3 BP 582 EP 589 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX791 UT WOS:A1995RX79100009 ER PT J AU WEBB, RE WHITE, GB THORPE, KW AF WEBB, RE WHITE, GB THORPE, KW TI RESPONSE OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) LARVAE TO STICKY BARRIER BANDS ON SIMULATED TREES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; BARRIER BANDS; BEHAVIOR AB The behavioral response of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), unfed first instars to intact and defective sticky barrier bands was determined. The barrier bands were installed on simulated trees in a laboratory arena. Defects incorporated into the barrier bands were: gaps in the sticky material (2 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm width), tunnels under the band (3 mm and 6 mm height) and bridges across the sticky material (cross sections of 1 mm(2) and 2 mm diameter). The defects allowing the highest percentage of larvae to cross were the 2 mm diameter bridge (55.3%) and the 6 mm high tunnel (46.6%). Other defects also allowed crossing. These findings indicate the importance of frequent inspection and repair of sticky barrier bands that are used for gypsy moth control. RP WEBB, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 402,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 97 IS 3 BP 695 EP 700 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX791 UT WOS:A1995RX79100021 ER PT J AU LEVANDER, OA AGER, AL BECK, MA AF LEVANDER, OA AGER, AL BECK, MA TI VITAMIN-E AND SELENIUM - CONTRASTING AND INTERACTING NUTRITIONAL DETERMINANTS OF HOST-RESISTANCE TO PARASITIC AND VIRAL-INFECTIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Meeting of the Nutrition-Society CY AUG 02-05, 1994 CL UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND SP Nutr Soc HO UNIV SOUTHAMPTON ID E-DEFICIENT DIET; MO-VE DIET; CEREBRAL MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; FISH-OIL; FATTY-ACIDS; MICE; CHLOROQUINE; QINGHAOSU; SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,CTR TROP PARASIT DIS,MIAMI,FL 33177. UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP LEVANDER, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 73 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0029-6651 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 54 IS 2 BP 475 EP 487 DI 10.1079/PNS19950016 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RW185 UT WOS:A1995RW18500015 PM 8524894 ER PT J AU LUBROTH, J BROWN, F AF LUBROTH, J BROWN, F TI IDENTIFICATION OF NATIVE FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2C AS A SEROLOGICAL INDICATOR TO DIFFERENTIATE INFECTED FROM VACCINATED LIVESTOCK SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; EXPRESSION; CARRIERS; ANTIGENS; ANTIBODY AB Cattle and pigs which have been vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease can be distinguished from convalescent animals by radio-immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virus-induced proteins reacting with the respective sera. Baby hamster kidney cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) (serotype A(24)) were labelled with S-35-methionine and the virus-induced proteins were precipitated with sera from vaccinated and subsequently challenged animals, convalescent animals retained for over 300 days, animals vaccinated or infected with viruses belonging to all serotypes of FMDV, and animals infected with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) or porcine or bovine enteroviruses. In addition to the structural proteins of the virus, the non-structural proteins 2C, 3ABC, 3C, 3CD and 3D were precipitated by convalescent sera, but only 3D was precipitated by serum from vaccinated animals. Proteins L, 2C and 3C were precipitated only after challenge with a heterotypic virus (serotype 0(1) Tunisia), indicating that virus replication of the challenge virus had taken place. No precipitation was detected with sera from EMC or enterovirus-infected animals. The results indicate that protein 2C, and to a lesser extent the polypeptide 3ABC, could be used to differentiate potential carrier convalescent animals from vaccinated livestock. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP LUBROTH, J (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,BOX 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 55 TC 79 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0034-5288(95)90034-9 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RP687 UT WOS:A1995RP68700014 PM 8525090 ER PT J AU FERESU, SB BOLIN, CA KORVER, H VANDEKEMP, H AF FERESU, SB BOLIN, CA KORVER, H VANDEKEMP, H TI IDENTIFICATION OF LEPTOSPIRES OF THE POMONA AND GRIPPOTYPHOSA SEROGROUPS ISOLATED FROM CATTLE IN ZIMBABWE SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; CROSS-AGGLUTINATION ABSORPTION; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRES; CLASSIFICATION; INTERROGANS; ANTIBODIES AB Two strains of the genus Leptospira, isolated from kidneys of oxen slaughtered in Zimbabwe, one belonging to serogroup Pomona (strain SBF 8) and the other to serogroup Grippotyphosa (strain SBF 32), were identified by using cross-agglutinin absorption, monoclonal antibody, restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction analyses. The identification of the two strains was equivocal. Strain SBF 8 showed a close similarity to both serovars mozdok and proechimys by cross-agglutinin absorption tests and to serovar pomona by monoclonal antibody analysis, but had a distinct DNA restriction pattern. Strain SBF 32 showed a close antigenic similarity to serovars ratnapura, grippotyphosa and valbuzzi by the cross-agglutinin absorption test, and to serovar ratnapura by monoclonal antibody analysis but also had a distinct DNA restriction pattern. Both strains SBF 8 and SBF 32 reacted as members of species Leptospira kirschneri by the polymerase chain reaction. It is concluded that strains SBF 8 and SBF 32 represent new genetic strains in the Pomona and Grippotyphosa groups, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. ROYAL TROP INST,NP SWELLENGREBEL LAB TROP HYG,1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP FERESU, SB (reprint author), UNIV ZIMBABWE,DEPT BIOL SCI,BOX MP 167,HARARE,ZIMBABWE. FU FIC NIH HHS [1 F05 TW 4154-01] NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 92 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0034-5288(95)90038-1 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RP687 UT WOS:A1995RP68700018 PM 8525094 ER PT J AU KHAVKIN, EE COE, EH AF KHAVKIN, EE COE, EH TI THE ORGANIZATION OF GROWTH-REGULATING GENES IN MAIZE .2. QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZEA MAYS; GROWTH; DEVELOPMENT; YIELD COMPONENTS; GENES; MUTANTS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MAPPING; RFLP PROBES ID RFLP ANALYSIS; MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CULTURE RESPONSE; IDENTIFICATION; IMPROVEMENT; POPULATIONS; TEOSINTE; MUTANTS; HYBRID AB We have presumed that in maize (Zea mays L.), the genes that control plant growth and development are associated in functionally significant clusters, 10 to 30 cM long, unevenly distributed along ten chromosomes. To test this model by independent evidence, we have compiled the currently published mapping data for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to maize plant architecture, growth pattern, growth rate, both in vitro and in vivo, and yield as the integer of growth, and for loci related to abscisic acid accumulation and effects. The majority of these QTLs were found to map within the already delineated 16 clusters. Several more clusters can be predicted that combine the mapping positions for single naked eye polymorphisms (NEPs) and for numerous molecular probes, co-segregating with various growth-related QTLs. At least two map segments comprising widely different growth QTLs and devoid of known NEPs for growth and development are of particular interest as additional prospective clusters. The most dense associations of genes and QTLs with wide arrays of growth manifestations are given particular attention as the presumable locations of key genes acting as master switches in development. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP KHAVKIN, EE (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD AGR SCI,INST AGR BIOTECHNOL,TIMIRYAZEVSKAYA 42,MOSCOW 127550,RUSSIA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O PLENUM/CONSULTANTS BUREAU 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1021-4437 J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+ JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 42 IS 4 BP 558 EP 574 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RN798 UT WOS:A1995RN79800020 ER PT J AU ARADHYA, MK ZEE, FT MANSHARDT, RM AF ARADHYA, MK ZEE, FT MANSHARDT, RM TI ISOZYME VARIATION IN LYCHEE (LITCHI-CHINENSIS SONN) SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GERMPLASM; ISOZYME POLYMORPHISM; LYCHEE ID CULTIVARS AB A genetic diversity analysis involving 49 lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) accessions using eight enzyme systems encoding 12 loci (Idh-1, Idh-2, Mdh-2, Per-1, Pgi-2, Pgm-1, Pgm-2, Skdh, Tpi-1, Tpi-2, Ugpp-1, and Ugpp-2) revealed moderate to high levels of genetic variability. Cluster analysis of the isozyme data from 40 genetically different accessions of the total 49 identified three groups at the 50% level of genetic similarity, the largest of which contained 32 of the 40 accessions distributed in three sub-groups. The groups including the three sub-groups differed markedly both in frequency and composition of alleles at different loci. On average, 77% of the loci were polymorphic with an overall mean of 2.2 alleles per locus and an observed heterozygosity of 0.387. The unbiased genetic identities (I) between groups ranged from 0.809 between Groups 1b and 2 to 0.937 between Groups 1b and 1c. Group 2 has diverged from the other groups with an average genetic identity of 0.821. Summing over all 11 polymorphic loci, 16% of gene diversity was due to differentiation between groups and 84% to that within groups. Comparison of isozyme fingerprints revealed that some accessions identically named, such as 'No mai tsz', 'Kwai mi', and 'Hak ip', possessed different isozyme genotypes, whereas some others with different names displayed identical isozyme genotypes. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM RESPOSITORY,HILO,HI 96720. RP ARADHYA, MK (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT HORT,3190 MAILE WAY,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 63 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(95)00788-U PG 15 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RT848 UT WOS:A1995RT84800003 ER PT J AU EHLENFELDT, MK ORTIZ, R AF EHLENFELDT, MK ORTIZ, R TI EVIDENCE ON THE NATURE AND ORIGINS OF ENDOSPERM DOSAGE REQUIREMENTS IN SOLANUM AND OTHER ANGIOSPERM GENERA SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Review DE ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER; CONGRUITY; IMPRINTING; EVOLUTION; LYCOPERSICON; TRIPLOID BLOCK ID BALANCE NUMBER; SEED DEVELOPMENT; CROSSES; EVOLUTION; MAIZE; FERTILIZATION; MEDICAGO AB Success of seed development following sexual crosses is primarily dependent on proper endosperm function and development. The failure to produce triploids, or ''triploid block'' in 4xX2x crosses served as the impetus for numerous studies of embryo and endosperm to attempt to explain cross failure. Early explanations were based upon a concept of a 2:3:2 ploidy balance between maternal tissue, endosperm, and embryo. Subsequent studies done with maize demonstrated that normal endosperm development in intraspecific maize crosses is dependent solely on having a 2:1 maternal to paternal genome dosage in the endosperm. These results have been modified and extended to solanaceous species in the form of an endosperm dosage system in which empirically determined factors must bear the same 2:1 relationship for crosses to succeed. Crossing behavior of these species suggest that the system is polygenically controlled and regulates both interspecific and intraspecific crosses. Endosperm dosage systems explain many aspects of species evolution, but the system appears to have originated as an ancient means of ensuring diploid fidelity. C1 INT INST TROP AGR,ONNE STN,IBADAN,NIGERIA. RP EHLENFELDT, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUTGERS BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,LAKE OSWEGO RD,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019, USA. NR 50 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA RH793 UT WOS:A1995RH79300001 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA FRAVEL, DR PAPAVIZAS, GC AF LEWIS, JA FRAVEL, DR PAPAVIZAS, GC TI CLADORRHINUM FOECUNDISSIMUM - A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT FOR THE REDUCTION OF RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DAMPING-OFF; LAETISARIA-ARVALIS; BIOCONTROL; TRICHODERMA; GLIOCLADIUM; POTATO; ROT AB The effect of bran preparations of the potential biocontrol fungus Cladorrhinum foecundissimum on the survival and saprophytic growth of the soilborne plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in soils and soilless potting mix and on its ability to reduce incidence of damping-off of sugar beet, eggplant and pepper caused by this pathogen was investigated. Bran inoculum of isolate Cf-1 of C. foecundissimum incubated for as long as 17 days did not reduce survival of the pathogen on R. solani-infected sugar beet seed in a loamy sand (LS) or sandy clay loam (SCL), but bran inoculum of Cf-1 older than 6 days prevented growth of the pathogen from the beet seed into soil. The saprophytic growth of R. solani applied as a soilless mix-cornmeal inoculum was also prevented by isolate Cf-1 in 4 different soil types. All 4 isolates (Cf-1, ATCC 62373, CBS 181.66 and CBS 182.66) of C. foecundissimum also prevented saprophytic growth of R. solani in LS when inoculum of the pathogen consisted of a soilless mix supplemented with cornmeal. 10-Day-old bran inoculum of isolates Cf-1 and ATCC 62373 prevented sugar beet damping-off caused by R. solani in LS after 4 wk of growth. Use of Cf-1 resulted in stands (> 90%) greater than those in non-infested control soils. On the contrary, use of isolates CBS 181.66 and CBS 182.66 resulted in stands less than those in pathogen-infested soil. Bran preparations of isolates Cf-1 and ATCC 62373 prevented damping-off of eggplant and pepper in soilless mix and, depending on the rate of inoculum used, resulted in stands comparable to those in pathogen-free soilless mix. RP LEWIS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 27 IS 7 BP 863 EP 869 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(95)00019-B PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RB083 UT WOS:A1995RB08300001 ER PT J AU EVETT, SR STEINER, JL AF EVETT, SR STEINER, JL TI PRECISION OF NEUTRON-SCATTERING AND CAPACITANCE TYPE SOIL-WATER CONTENT GAUGES FROM FIELD CALIBRATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE MEASUREMENT AB Soil water content gauges based on neutron scattering (NS) have been a valuable tool for soil water investigations for some 40 yr. However, licensing, training, and safety regulations pertaining to the radioactive source in these gauges makes their use expensive and prevents use In some situations such as unattended monitoring. A capacitance probe (CP) gauge has characteristics that would seem to make it an ideal replacement for NS gauges. We determined the relative precision of two brands of NS gauges (three gauges of each) and a brand of CP gauge (four gauges) in a field calibration exercise. Both brands of NS gauges were calibrated vs. volumetric soil water content with coefficients of determination (r(2)) ranging from 0.97 to 0.99 and root mean squared errors (RMSE) <0.012 m(3) m(-3) water content. Calibrations for the CP gauges resulted in r(2) ranging from 0.68 to 0.71 and RMSE of 0.036 m(3) m(-3) water content. Average 95% confidence intervals on predictions were three to five times higher for the CP gauges than for the NS gauges, ranging from 0.153 to 0.161 and 0.032 to 0.052 m(3) m(-3), respectively. Although poorly correlated with soil water content, readings were reproducible among the four CP gauges. The poor correlation for CP gauges may be due to small-scale soil water content variations within the measurement volume of the gauge. The NS gauges provide acceptable precision but the CP gauge has poor precision and is unacceptable for routine soil water content measurements. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP EVETT, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 17 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 961 EP 968 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700001 ER PT J AU HEATHMAN, GC AHUJA, LR TIMLIN, DJ JOHNSEN, KE AF HEATHMAN, GC AHUJA, LR TIMLIN, DJ JOHNSEN, KE TI SURFACE AGGREGATES AND MACROPORE EFFECTS ON CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT IN SOIL UNDER RAINFALL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER; MOVEMENT; COLUMNS; FLOW AB Soil surface aggregates and macropores have the potential to greatly influence the transport of surface-applied agricultural chemicals in soil and to surface and groundwater. We studied the effects of a 1.0-cm layer of 4.5- to 12.5-mm surface aggregates, a 3-mm artificial macropore, and their combination on the transport of surface-applied Br- and Sr2+ tracers (as SrBr2) under simulated rainfall, with the underlying soil initially dry or prewetted to a certain depth (about 7 cm). Air-dried Kirkland soil (fine, mixed, thermic Udertic Paleustoll), <3.5-mm size, was packed in duplicate 15-cm-diam., 30-cm-long, sectionable Plexiglas columns (Cole-Farmer Instrument Co., Niles, IL) to a bulk density of 1.26 Mg m(-3). During the rainfall, surface runoff or macropore flow out of the column bottom was measured and analyzed for Br- and Sr2+. After the rain, the column was sectioned in 1.15-cm increments to determine soil water, Br -, and Sr2+ content distributions. Without a macropore, the surface aggregates reduced the overall movement of Br- in soil and increased Br- in runoff, the effects being much greater in prewetted columns than in nonprewetted columns. A macropore, by itself, also reduced the movement of the main Br- pulse as it allowed surface solution (runoff) to move down and infiltrate laterally below the main wetting front. Surface aggregates greatly increased Br- content of the macropore flow and of the wetted soil around the macropore below the main wetting front. Aggregates or the initial condition did not change the Sr2+ movement much but increased Sr2+ content of runoff or macropore how. C1 GREAT PLAINS SYST RES,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 990 EP 997 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700005 ER PT J AU MOHAMMAD, MJ PAN, WL KENNEDY, AC AF MOHAMMAD, MJ PAN, WL KENNEDY, AC TI WHEAT RESPONSES TO VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL INOCULATION OF SOILS FROM ERODED TOPOSEQUENCE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT TOLERANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; PHOSPHORUS; GROWTH; ZINC; ACQUISITION; DEFICIENCY; NUTRITION; CEREALS; PLANTS AB Low fertility of eroded soils is often attributed to the loss of topsoil, an important source of nutrients for microorganisms and plants. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi are known to improve nutrient uptake by plants from infertile soil. The objective of this study was to determine whether wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) responses to VAM fungal inoculation differ among eroded and noneroded soils from the same toposequence. Spring wheat plants were grown under growth chamber conditions in soils collected from three landscape positions of a typical toposequence in eastern Washington, with and without VAM fungal inoculation. Noninoculated soils exhibited 13 to 26% VAM root colonization, while inoculation increased VAM colonization up to 49 to 55% by 5 wk after planting. The VAM fungal inoculation of eroded soils increased shoot dry weight and tiller number, advanced the leaf stage, and increased root length compared with the noninoculated controls. Shoot concentrations of P and Zn were increased by VAM inoculation. In contrast, shoot concentrations of Cu and Mn were unchanged, while Fe was decreased. While VAM fungal inoculation also increased P, Zn, and Cu concentrations in water-stressed plants, Mn and Fe concentrations decreased. No responses to VAM fungal inoculation were observed in soil from a noneroded toeslope, although VAM colonization was similar to that observed in the eroded soils. These results indicate the potential role of VAM fungi for improving dryland wheat productivity on eroded soils. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1090 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700020 ER PT J AU HUDSON, BD AF HUDSON, BD TI REASSESSMENT OF POLYNOV ION MOBILITY SERIES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Polynov (1937) calculated the relative mobilities of important elements in landscapes: Cl > SO4 > Ca > Na > Mg > K > Si > Fe > Al. This series depicts a general weathering sequence that is essential to understanding many aspects of soil genesis and soil geography. It is argued on theoretical grounds that Ca and Na are out of proper sequence in Polynov's series. Polynov estimated ion mobilities by comparing the average content of elements in igneous rock to the average content of the same elements in river waters. However, an estimated 80% of the rocks at the earth's surface, which supply most of the leachate to rivers, are sedimentary. Accordingly, Polynov's mobility series was recalculated after adjusting rock chemical composition for the dominance of sedimentary rock types at the earth's surface. By using the elemental composition of igneous rocks in his calculations, Polynov greatly overestimated the amount of Na relative to Ca in rocks providing leachate to rivers. As a result, he significantly underestimated the mobility of Na relative to Ca. It is recommended that Polynov's ion mobility series be modified to the following: Cl > SO4 > Na > Ca > Mg > K > Si > Fe > Al. This study showed that Na is much more mobile (relative mobility 18.0) than Ca (8.1), Mg (5.4), or K (3.5). Therefore, it is recommended that Na be placed in a distinct mobility phase (II) second in relative mobility to Cl and SO4 (I). RP HUDSON, BD (reprint author), USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,EMAP,FOREST HLTH MONITORING PROGRAM,POB 12254,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1101 EP 1103 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700022 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI ORGANIC-MATTER AND WATER-STABLE AGGREGATE DISTRIBUTION IN RIDGE-TILLED SURFACE SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TILLAGE AB Soil surface conditions improve with increased organic matter (OM) and water-stable aggregation (WSA), but surface variability may influence values obtained when soils are sampled to evaluate these factors, My hypothesis was that cultural operations for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown on ridges produce zones of differing soil OM and WSA, Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Pateustoll) was sampled at the 0- to 4-cm depth in furrows, on ridge tops, and on ridge sides before and after planting, after reforming ridges, and after harvest in 1992. Tillage (conventional [CT] and ridge [early (RT-E) or late (RT-L) stalk shredding]), position, and crop cycle (sampling) stage affected OM and WSA, Compared with ridges, OM in furrows was greater due to residue accumulations, Mean WSA was greater on ridges with CT than with RT-E or RT-L because disk-bedding to build the CT ridges moved more stable aggregates to ridges than the other treatments, More thorough mixing of residues by CT may have been involved also. Ridge and furrow positions and possibly ridge sides require separate sampling for obtaining representative OM and WSA data from ridge-tilled soil, especially where ridge tops are cleared at planting, Ridge clearing at planting should be limited to avoid residue reduction and lowered WSA that could lead to soil crusting and impaired seedling emergence. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1145 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700028 ER EF