FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU KORKMAZ, S CINAR, A KERSTING, U GARNSEY, SM AF KORKMAZ, S CINAR, A KERSTING, U GARNSEY, SM TI CITRUS CHLOROTIC DWARF - A NEW WHITEFLY-TRANSMITTED VIRUS-LIKE DISEASE OF CITRUS IN TURKEY SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP KORKMAZ, S (reprint author), UNIV CUKUROVA,CTR SUBTROP FRUITS RES & EXPTL,ADANA 01330,TURKEY. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1074 EP 1074 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RW791 UT WOS:A1995RW79100025 ER PT J AU MILLER, ME CHOUREY, PS AF MILLER, ME CHOUREY, PS TI INTRACELLULAR IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF ADENOSINE 5'-DIPHOSPHOGLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE IN DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM CELLS OF MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE AMYLOPLASTS; ENDOSPERM MUTANTS; STARCH BIOSYNTHESIS; ZEA (ENDOSPERM MUTANTS) ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; ADPGLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BRITTLE-2 GENE; WAXY LOCUS; SUBUNIT; SEQUENCE; ENZYME; STARCH AB We present immune-electron microscopic evidence to show that ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP, EC 2.7.7.27) encoded by the Sh2 (shrunken 2) and the Bt2 (brittle 2) genes is localized to amyloplasts in developing endosperm of maize. The three AGP antibodies, including the two maize antisera, each raised against the Sh2-encoded large or the Bt2-encoded small subunit and the spinach leaf protein, showed strong immune-gold signals on developing starch grains in amyloplasts. The maize antibodies, but not the spinach, detected additional cross-reactivity sites to endosperm cell wall. Similar endosperm sections of the sh2-null mutant, lacking the Sh2-encoded subunit, yielded a drastic reduction in immune-signal on both starch grains and cell wall with the Sh2 anti-serum. However, the Bt2 and the spinach antisera showed no detectable difference between the sh2-null and the wild-type genotypes, except that the spinach antisera showed no reactivity to the cell wall in either of the two genotypes. Because the Bt2 epitope was readily detectable on the sh2-null starch grains, we suggest that the Bt2 subunit of this heteromeric enzyme is able to target itself to the organelle. The amyloplastic localization of the AGP protein in our studies is given additional significance by recent molecular data which indicate that full-length cDNA clones of the Sh2 and Bt2 genes show no cleavable transit-peptide signal sequence in their deduced aminoacid sequences. The observed disparity between the molecular and immunocytochemical data described here is discussed in the context of other proteins engaged in intracellular translocation with and without the known signal sequences. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,PROGRAM PLANT MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 1995 VL 197 IS 3 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TE428 UT WOS:A1995TE42800012 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, ME CHAPMAN, HD WIDEMAN, RF HUFF, WE HACKER, AH RATH, NC BALOG, JM AF CHAPMAN, ME CHAPMAN, HD WIDEMAN, RF HUFF, WE HACKER, AH RATH, NC BALOG, JM TI DOES PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION SYNDROME (ASCITES) OCCUR MORE FREQUENTLY IN BROILERS MEDICATED WITH MONENSIN SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION SYNDROME; ASCITES; MONENSIN; BROILER; LEG ABNORMALITY ID RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; CHICKENS; IONOPHORES; SALINOMYCIN; WITHDRAWAL; TOXICITY AB The performance of broilers reared in floor pens and given monensin in the feed at 121 ppm was compared with that of birds given no drug. Feed intake and BW gain of medicated birds was significantly lower than that of unmedicated birds from 0 to 22 d of age. Feed intake and feed conversion of medicated birds was significantly reduced, compared with unmedicated birds, from 22 to 53 and 0 to 60 d of age. Total mortality, and mortality due to leg abnormalities from 22 to 53 and 0 to 60 d, was significantly lower in birds given monensin. There was no difference in the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) by 60 d. No differences in mortality due to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) were observed for any age period. Birds removed from pens at 28 d that had received monensin had lower hematocrit and percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in the blood than unmedicated birds. No differences in these variables were found at 54 d. There were no differences in the right ventricle weight: total ventricular weight ratios or electrocardiogram lead II values at 28 or 54 d. The results indicate that PHS does not occur more frequently in broilers medicated with monensin. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1591 EP 1596 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TC372 UT WOS:A1995TC37200005 PM 8559722 ER PT J AU DAVIS, CE FRANKS, DL AF DAVIS, CE FRANKS, DL TI EFFECT OF END-POINT TEMPERATURE AND STORAGE TIME ON COLOR AND DENATURATION OF MYOGLOBIN IN BROILER THIGH MEAT SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MYOGLOBIN DENATURATION; MEAT COLOR; THIGH MEAT; BROILER; CHICKEN ID COOKING TEMPERATURE; TURKEY MEAT; PINK COLOR; CHICKEN; PORK; PH AB This study investigated the effect of end-point cooking temperature (EPT, 60, 66, 71, 77, and 82 C), sampling time (0 or 30 min), and storage time after cooking (0, 5, and 10 d) at 2 C on color values and percentage denatured myoglobin (PDM) of broiler thigh meat. As EPT increased, L* values, b* values, and PDM increased but a* values decreased. As storage time increased, L* and a* values decreased and PDM increased. Time of color measurement (immediately after cutting into the interior of the sample 0 vs 30 min after cutting) had a significant effect on L* and b* values. At 0 d storage 30 min sampling, a* values were redder than 0-min values from 60 through 71 C, no different at 77 C and redder at 0 than 30 min at 82 C EPT, suggesting that myoglobin is more susceptible to oxidative denaturation (reddish-brown pigment) at higher EPT after air and light exposure. At 5 d, 77 and 82 C a* values were less red after 30 min air and light exposure, suggesting that myoglobin was more susceptible to oxidative denaturation at higher EPT after storage. These results will help the meat processor identify and incorporate process factors that will lower the reddish-pink color defect in cooked poultry meat. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP DAVIS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1699 EP 1702 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TC372 UT WOS:A1995TC37200020 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, HS HAMMAD, SM MARKS, HL AF SIEGEL, HS HAMMAD, SM MARKS, HL TI ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN JAPANESE-QUAIL MALES SELECTED FOR HIGH OR LOW PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE JAPANESE QUAIL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIETARY CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FAT; GENETIC SELECTION ID COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; DIVERGENT SELECTION; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN; GENERATIONS; RESPONSES; WEIGHTS; LINE; BODY; FAT AB Three lines of Japanese quail males, unselected controls (CL), high response (HL), and low response (LL) lines, selected for plasma total cholesterol for 18 generations, were fed all-plant source, nonatherogenic diets to which 0 or .5% cholesterol were added from 6 to 18 wk of age. Atherosclerotic scores (AS) of aorta of HL birds fed cholesterol were significantly higher than those of LL birds fed cholesterol. Scores of LL fed cholesterol were not higher than LL not fed cholesterol. Fatty infiltration of muscularis and foam cell disruption of elastic fibers were observed in HL males fed cholesterol. In a second experiment, males of the three lines were fed from 6 to 14 wk of age four plant source diets to which were added: 1) 10% glucose monohydrate (cerelose); 2) 10% cerelose + .1% cholesterol; 3) 4% corn oil; or 4) 4% coconut oil. All diets were calculated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Overall, AS of HL and CL males were significantly higher than LL males, but there were no effects of diet for the 56-d feeding period. C1 USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP SIEGEL, HS (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1712 EP 1716 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TC372 UT WOS:A1995TC37200023 PM 8559737 ER PT J AU CARROLL, JF AF CARROLL, JF TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF PREDATORY CAPABILITIES OF A COMMON WOLF SPIDER (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE) AGAINST 2 SPECIES OF TICKS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE PREDATION; SCHIZOCOSA OCREATA; IXODES SCAPULARIS; DERMACENTOR VARIABILIS; LYCOSIDAE; IXODIDAE AB Black-legged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say and adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) were readily attacked by the wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) in petri dish bioassays. Younger (4-5 mm body length) S. ocreata were less successful in their attacks (66.7%) against I. scapularis adults than individuals with body lengths of 7-9 mm, which killed 100% of the I. scapularis adults. Against adults of D. variabilis the attacks of even the larger S. ocreata were generally ineffectual, killing only 14.3% of the larger tick. The S. ocreata were able to lift the D. variabilis from the substrate, but may have been deterred from further attack by defensive secretions known to be produced by the latter. RP CARROLL, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 97 IS 4 BP 746 EP 749 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD709 UT WOS:A1995TD70900002 ER PT J AU GAGNE, RJ BOLDT, PE AF GAGNE, RJ BOLDT, PE TI THE GALL MIDGES (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) OF BACCHARIS SPP (ASTERACEAE) IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; GALL MIDGES; CECIDOMYIIDAE; FAUNA OF BACCHARIS AB The gall midge fauna of Baccharis in the United States now includes 12 species. Four species were previously known to attack Baccharis in the United States: three species of Neolasioptera, N. baccharicola Gagne, N. lathami Gagne, and N. rostrata Gagne, and Rhopalomyia californica Felt. Three new species and a new genus to contain one of them are described: Asphondylia bacchariola Gagne, Rhopalomyia sulcata Gagne, and Xipholasioptera Gagne and its monotypic type species Xipholasioptera ensata Gagne. Five other species, three species of Asteromyia, a Contarinia sp., and a Dasineura sp., are placed only to genus because of insufficient material for further determination. Rhogpalomyia baccharis Felt is considered a junior synonym of R. californica. A key is given to the feeding niche for the 12 species. RP GAGNE, RJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 97 IS 4 BP 767 EP 778 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD709 UT WOS:A1995TD70900005 ER PT J AU SMITH, DR AF SMITH, DR TI SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF VANHORNIA-EUCNEMIDARUM CRAWFORD (HYMENOPTERA, VANHORNIIDAE) IN THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note RP SMITH, DR (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 97 IS 4 BP 889 EP 890 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD709 UT WOS:A1995TD70900019 ER PT J AU WHITE, RE AF WHITE, RE TI REPLACEMENT OF A HOMONYMIC SPECIES NAME IN ANOBIIDAE (COLEOPTERA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note RP WHITE, RE (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 97 IS 4 BP 893 EP 893 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD709 UT WOS:A1995TD70900022 ER PT J AU HAN, O FAILLA, ML HILL, AD MORRIS, ER SMITH, JC AF HAN, O FAILLA, ML HILL, AD MORRIS, ER SMITH, JC TI ASCORBATE OFFSETS THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF INOSITOL PHOSPHATES ON IRON UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT BY CACO-2 CELLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LINE CACO-2; ABSORPTION; PHYTATE; HUMANS; ACID; BRAN; RATS; AVAILABILITY; DIGESTION; BALANCE AB Differentiated monolayer cultures of Caco-2 human Intestinal cells were used as a model to examine interactions between various dietary factors related to the intestinal uptake and absorption of nonheme Fe. Caco-2 cells accumulated 91-98 pmol Fe/mg protein from uptake buffer containing 12 nmol of Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetate during a l-hr incubation at 37 degrees C. Addition of a 10-fold molar excess of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and its lesser phosphorylated derivatives (IP3, IP4, and IP5) decreased cellular uptake and transport of Fe from the lumenal compartment. Addition of ascorbic acid (AA) to the solution containing IPs stimulated Fe uptake and transport in a manner dependent upon the ratio of AA to IP and inversely proportional to the degree of phosphorylation of inositol (i.e., IP3 > IP4 > IP5 > IP6). A mixture of essential amino acids had minimal impact on Fe uptake in either the absence or presence of ins. Cellular acquisition of Fe from solutions containing IPs was further enhanced by simultaneous addition of essential amino acids and AA. The stimulatory influence of ascorbic acid on Fe uptake from solutions containing ins was associated with an increase in the level of ferrous ion. These data further support the usefulness of Caco-2 cells as a model for Investigating the effects of various dietary factors on mineral bioavailability. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT FOOD NUTR & FOOD SERV MANAGEMENT,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 210 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA RV747 UT WOS:A1995RV74700009 PM 7675798 ER PT J AU WU, YV ROSATI, R SESSA, DJ BROWN, P AF WU, YV ROSATI, R SESSA, DJ BROWN, P TI UTILIZATION OF CORN GLUTEN FEED BY NILE TILAPIA SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID RAINBOW-TROUT; SOYBEAN-MEAL; AMINO-ACIDS; FISH-MEAL; PROTEIN; GROWTH; DIETS; INGREDIENTS; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY AB Corn gluten feed, a coproduct from the wet milling of corn, was incorporated in diets containing 32 and 36% protein. A 103-d feeding study with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) indicated that 32 and 36% protein diets containing corn gluten feed produced weight gains and feed conversion ratios similar to a control diet of commercial 36% protein catfish feed. Protein efficiency ratios of the 32% protein diets were better than those of the 36% protein diet and the control diet. The differences in weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the 32 and 36% protein diets were not significant. The 32% protein diet with fish meal (6%) had no advantage in weight gain or feed conversion ratio over the 32% protein diet without fish meal. C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR,NORMAL,IL 61790. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 57 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0305:UOCGFB>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA TA654 UT WOS:A1995TA65400008 ER PT J AU KIM, AY THAYER, DW AF KIM, AY THAYER, DW TI RADIATION-INDUCED CELL LETHALITY OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM ATCC-14028 - COOPERATIVE EFFECT OF HYDROXYL RADICAL AND OXYGEN SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NITROUS-OXIDE; IONIZING-RADIATION; HYDRATED ELECTRON; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; DNA; SENSITIZATION; MUTAGENESIS; SCAVENGERS AB The lethality of gamma-radiation doses of 0.2 to 1.0 kGy for Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 was measured in the presence of air, N-2 and N2O and with the hydroxyl radical scavengers formate and polyethylene glycol (PEG), M(r) 8,000. Saturation of cell suspensions with either N2O or N-2/N2O (1:1, v/v) gas was expected to double the number of hydroxyl radicals (OH.) and to produce an equivalent increase in lethality, but this did not occur. Adding 10% (v/v) O-2 to either N-2 or N2O gas produced approximately the same gamma-irradiation lethality for S. typhimurium as did air. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers, 40 mill formate and 1.5% (w/v) PEG, significantly reduced the lethality of gamma radiation for S. typhimurium in the presence of air but not in the presence of N-2 or N2O gases. Membrane-permeable formate provided slightly better protection than nonpermeable PEG. Cells of S. typhimurium grown under anaerobic conditions were more sensitive to radiation, and were less protected by hydroxyl radical scavengers, especially formate, than when cells grown under aerobic conditions were irradiated in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxyl radical scavengers provided no further protection during irradiation in the absence of oxygen. These results indicated that the increased radiation sensitivity of cells grown under anaerobic conditions may be related to superoxide radicals which could increase intercellular damage during irradiation in the presence of oxygen. However, endogenous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities did not protect cells from the radiation-induced lethality of S. typhimurium. Cytoplasmic extracts protected bacterial DNA in vitro in either the presence or absence of oxygen, and no radiation-induced lipid peroxidation of the cellular components was identified by measuring the levels of 2-thiobarbituric acid. These results suggest that most radiation-induced cell lethality was related to the cooperative effects of extracellular OH. and O-2 on the cell surface as the radiation dose increased. (C) 1995 by Radiation Research Society C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 144 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.2307/3579233 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA RX681 UT WOS:A1995RX68100005 PM 7568769 ER PT J AU JACKSON, TJ LEVINE, DM SWIFT, CT SCHMUGGE, TJ SCHIEBE, FR AF JACKSON, TJ LEVINE, DM SWIFT, CT SCHMUGGE, TJ SCHIEBE, FR TI LARGE-AREA MAPPING OF SOIL-MOISTURE USING THE ESTAR PASSIVE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER IN WASHITA92 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Washita'92 was a large-scale study of remote sensing and hydrology conducted on the Little Washita watershed in southwest Oklahoma. Data collection during the experiment included passive microwave observations using an L-band electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ESTAR) and surface soil moisture observations at sites distributed over the area. Data were collected on 8 days over a 9-day period in June 1992. The watershed was saturated with a great deal of standing water at the outset of the study. During the experiment there was no rainfall and surface soil moisture observations exhibited a drydown pattern over the period. Significant variations in the level and rate of change in surface soil moisture were noted over areas dominated by different soil textures. ESTAR data were processed to produce brightness temperature maps of a 740 sq, km, area on each of the 8 days. These data exhibited significant spatial and temporal patterns. Spatial patterns were clearly associated with soil textures and temporal patterns with drainage and evaporative processes. Relationships between the ground-sampled soil moisture and the brightness temperatures were consistent with previous results. Spatial averaging of both variables was analyzed to study scaling of soil moisture over a mixed landscape. Results of these studies showed that a strong correlation is retained at these scales, suggesting that mapping surface moisture for large footprints may provide important information for regional studies. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MICROWAVE SENSORS BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ELECT ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003. USDA,WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK. RP JACKSON, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BARC W,HYDROL LAB,104 BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 54 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00084-E PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TA594 UT WOS:A1995TA59400003 ER PT J AU QI, J CABOT, F MORAN, MS DEDIEU, G AF QI, J CABOT, F MORAN, MS DEDIEU, G TI BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETER ESTIMATIONS USING MULTIDIRECTIONAL SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; REFLECTANCE CSAR MODEL; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; PHYSICAL MODEL; SOLAR ANGLE; COVER TYPES; RED AB There has been a great deal of interest in estimation of terrestrial biophysical parameters such as vegetation with remotely sensed data. Quantitative estimation of vegetation properties with existing algorithms has been based on empirical relationships established by simple regression. The problem in applying these empirical relationships is that those coefficients proposed vary with vegetation type. To investigate the possible development of an algorithm to quantitatively estimate vegetation properties independent of vegetation type, a model-to-model approach is proposed. This approach first inverts a simple bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model with limited data points and simulates multidirectional data. The simulated data are then used in the inversion of a physically based BRDF model to estimate vegetation optical properties (leaf reflectance and transmittance) and leaf area index (LAI). This approach is validated with data collected from three experiments conducted in cotton, alfalfa, wheat, and pecan fields. A sensitivity analysis and demonstration with multitemporal remote sensing data were performed, and the results shaw that estimated LAI values agree well with field observations and there is a potential in applying this approach an an operational basis in practice with multitemporal remote sensing data. C1 USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ. CESBIO,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. NR 52 TC 44 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 54 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00102-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TA594 UT WOS:A1995TA59400007 ER PT J AU MCCARTY, GW MEISINGER, JJ JENNISKENS, FMM AF MCCARTY, GW MEISINGER, JJ JENNISKENS, FMM TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOTAL-N, BIOMASS-N AND ACTIVE-N IN SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE AND N FERTILIZER TREATMENTS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Studies assessing the effects of tillage and N fertilizer treatments on relationships between different N pools in soil can provide information concerning the influence of such treatments on the distribution of N in agricultural soils. To assess the effects of treatments on relationships between total-N, biomass-N and active-N in soil, these N pools were measured in samples of soil collected at different depths (0-2.5, 2.5-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm) from long-term field experiments located in two geographic regions (piedmont and coastal plain) and containing plots under annual treatments of plow-or no-tillage and 0 or 135 kg ha(-1) of fertilizer N. Results showed that whereas geographic location, N fertilization and depth generally had little influence on the slopes of regression lines describing the linear relationships between total-N, biomass-N and active-N, tillage had a marked influence on these slopes. Such results indicated that tillage may substantially influence the distribution of N among different pools within agricultural soils. The overall results for linear regressions indicated that the active-N pool, as measured by an isotope-dilution method, was very closely related (r = 0.96) to the biomass-N pool, as measured by a fumigation-incubation method, but that measurements for the active-N pool were approximately twice those for the biomass-N pool. These observations suggested that such methods may measure a common pool of soil N, but place substantially different bounds on the size of this N pool. RP MCCARTY, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1245 EP 1250 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(95)00060-R PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RV664 UT WOS:A1995RV66400002 ER PT J AU LOGSDON, SD AF LOGSDON, SD TI FLOW MECHANISMS THROUGH CONTINUOUS AND BURIED MACROPORES SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER INFILTRATION; MOVEMENT; SOIL AB Tillage destroys stable continuous macropores and at the same time creates unstable tillage pores within the tilled layer The buried macropores below the tilled layer are not harmed. Flow through continuous pores is usually considered to be laminar. The objectives of this study were to determine the conditions under which water would flow into a buried macropore in a soil column, and to determine the flow regime inside a macropore. Packed columns (457 mm length, 76 mm diameter) were constructed with a sloping base to measure separately outflow from the artificial macropore (6 mm diameter) and the soil matrix. The columns mere then tilled artificially by removing the top 12 cm and repacking. In addition, a study was conducted in a sloping box of soil with four macropores beneath a tilled layer. Dye was added to two 76-mm-diameter rings within the box, either immediately or 1 day before ponded infiltration into the rings. Ponded outflow rates from continuous 6-mm macropores ranged from 5 to 11 ml/s, which is equivalent to Reynolds numbers as high as 2370. Outflow also occurred from buried macropores, although the rate was reduced (0.01 to 0.3 ml/s) compared with continuous macropores. Lf dye was added immediately before infiltration, dye appeared in macropore outflow, but if dye was added 1 day before infiltration, no dye appeared in macropore outflow but only in matrix outflow. This indicated either preferential flow carrying the dye (if no time for binding to soil) or preferential Bow of water around the dye. Even buried macropores can function as preferential flow pathways, and turbulent flow might occur through large, continuous macropores. RP LOGSDON, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 160 IS 4 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1097/00010694-199510000-00001 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TA659 UT WOS:A1995TA65900001 ER PT J AU NACHABE, MH MORELSEYTOUX, HJ AF NACHABE, MH MORELSEYTOUX, HJ TI MODELING THE DISPLACEMENT OF RESIDENT SOLUBLE SALT DURING INFILTRATION SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER; FIELD; SOIL; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT AB We present two analytical models to assess the displacement of the initial saline soil solution during infiltration. The models are extensions of the analytical infiltration solutions of Morel-Seytoux and Khanji (1974) and Broadbridge and White (1988). We then introduce simple experimental methods with the tension infiltrometer to measure the parameters of the two models in the field. A single measurement of sorptivity is needed to determine the free parameter, C, in the Broadbridge and White solution, and the viscous correction factor, beta, in the Morel-Seytoux and Khanji solution. The tension infiltrometer method, in conjunction with the analytical models, provided simple and inexpensive means to predict the leaching of soil-solution as required for saline soils. The tension infiltrometer was simple to operate and measurements were performed at the surface to minimize installation time and soil disturbance. The analytical models contained parameters with precise physical meaning and need modest amounts of computation time. The narrow range of 0 to -15 cm of soil-water pressure, in which infiltration rates were measured with the infiltrometer, appeared sufficient for modeling the displacement of soil-solution. This was attributed to the rapid decrease of hydraulic conductivity with water pressure, which was manifested by a short macroscopic capillary length for the field soils tested. C1 HYDROL DAYS PUBLICAT, ATHERTON, CA 94027 USA. RP USDA ARS, GPSR, 301 S HOWES, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 160 IS 4 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1097/00010694-199510000-00002 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TA659 UT WOS:A1995TA65900002 ER PT J AU SELAH, A FRYREAR, DW AF SELAH, A FRYREAR, DW TI THRESHOLD WIND VELOCITIES OF WET SOILS AS AFFECTED BY WIND BLOWN SAND SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE; ABRASION; EROSION AB Soil moisture influences the susceptibility of a soil to wind erosion and has direct influence on the mind velocity required for initiation of soil movement (threshold wind velocity). Soil texture is another factor affecting threshold wind velocity. Threshold water content (TWC) and threshold friction velocity (U*(t)) of five soils, ranging from loamy fine sand to clay, under abrading and non-abrading conditions were measured using a suction-type wind tunnel. Each soil was wetted and subjected to 8.5, 10.5, and 13 ms(-1) free stream wind velocities at 80 mm above the wind tunnel surface, with and without abrading material in the wind tunnel. Soils with higher clay content had higher water holding capacity at -1.5 MPa (W'). Higher TWC for the same wind velocity was obtained for soils with higher W' or clay content under abrading and nonabrading conditions. All five sons required a similar wind velocity (U*(t) of 0.31 ms(-1) for nonabrading and 0.21 ms(-1) for abrading conditions) to initiate their movement at oven dried condition. However, the threshold friction velocity of soils increased about 20% for 0.1 unit of equivalent threshold moisture (TWC/W') increment. Because of the erosive impact of abrading materials on soil surface, less wind (U*(t)) was required to initiate soil erosion with abrasion compared with nonabrading conditions. A soil with a threshold water content of 4% at the surface and 5% at -1.5 MPa requires U*(t) of 0.646 ms(-1) under nonabrading and 0.596 ms(-1) under abrading conditions to start eroding. met, loose erodible materials at the son surface eroded when abrading materials were introduced in the wind tunnel. Predictive equations were developed from which TWC and U*(t) could be predicted, based on soil physical properties. RP SELAH, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT SYST RES LAB,POB 909,BIG SPRING,TX 79721, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 160 IS 4 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1097/00010694-199510000-00009 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TA659 UT WOS:A1995TA65900009 ER PT J AU CARDAMONE, JM DAMERT, WC MARMER, WN AF CARDAMONE, JM DAMERT, WC MARMER, WN TI OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENT OF LEVEL AND UNION SHADES IN WOOL AND WOOL COTTON TEXTILES SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE DIGITAL ANALYSIS; DYEING; UNION SHADES; WOOL ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES; SYSTEM AB A method of determining the level and union shades of fabric by digital image analysis has been developed. Digitizing an image involves computer-based systems, peripherals, and software configured to access, process and display image data. These data can be video-displayed and computer-manipulated through various transformations for statistical treatments and mathematical relationships. The distribution of the number of pixels in a digitized image at a particular gray scale as a function of the gray scale can be portrayed as a histogram. The histogram features of dyed textiles were identified and used for objective measurements of level dyeings in 100% wool fabric and for union dyeings in 50/50 wool/cotton union fabrics. These dyed fabrics were pretreated with a durable press resin and quaternary amine compound by a pad/dry/cure process. They were subsequently dyed with C.I. Acid Red 114, C.I. Direct Red 79, C.I. Reactive Red 2 and C.I. Reactive Blue 19 in efficient, salt-free dyeing processes. Levelness values were developed from standard deviations of the gray scale means of individual histograms of the dyed fabrics. Union shades were determined by analyzing the shapes of the histograms where high, narrow, symmetrical shapes suggested union shades, Low, broad and skewed shapes suggested nonunion shades. Mathematical and statistical treatments of histogram data led to establishing thresholds and relative comparisons of dyed fabrics for union and level shades. RP CARDAMONE, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 27 IS 10 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA TA560 UT WOS:A1995TA56000002 ER PT J AU KIMMEL, LB SAWHNEY, APS AF KIMMEL, LB SAWHNEY, APS TI SELECTED PROPERTIES OF PREDOMINANTLY COTTON STAPLE-CORE KNITTED FABRICS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL STABILITY; YARN; SPIRALITY; SHRINKAGE AB This study of single-jersey knit fabrics is the first to examine the basic properties of staple-core knits. Prior studies revealed certain functional and aesthetic advantages of woven staple-core fabrics when compared to 100% cotton or intimate-blend fabrics of the same construction. In this study, nominal 20s count staple-core yarns have been spun on a ring spinning frame that incorporates patented modifications. The staple-core yarns contain a high tenacity polyester core and a cotton sheath comprising two-thirds of the yarn. The fabrics are knitted on a single-feed jersey knitter with a 88.9 mm(3.5-inch) diameter, 20-gauge cylinder. Fabric properties are examined after five home-laundering cycles, in the greige state, after scouring, and after scouring and heat setting. The staple-core knits are stronger, less permeable, and significantly more abrasion resistant than the cotton controls. They also show less differential shrinkage and look consistently better than the controls after laundering. Greater spirality is evident in the greige staple-core knits than in the cotton knits, but the skewness of all fabrics decreases with additional processing. Skewness is substantially eliminated by substituting S- for Z-twist staple-core yam. Relaxed S-twist staple-core fabrics are also denser and greatly more abrasion resistant than comparable Z-twist knits. This suggests that a reduction of yarn torque might further improve the superior properties and performance of staple-core knits. Additional study is required to optimize heat setting procedures and provide meaningful discussion of the dimensional stability of staple-core knit fabrics. RP KIMMEL, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 10 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.1177/004051759506501005 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RW804 UT WOS:A1995RW80400005 ER PT J AU JOPPA, LR NEVO, E BEILES, A AF JOPPA, LR NEVO, E BEILES, A TI CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATIONS IN WILD POPULATIONS OF TETRAPLOID EMMER WHEAT IN ISRAEL AND TURKEY SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM DICOCCOIDES; TRANSLOCATION FREQUENCY; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; GEOGRAPHY; CLIMATE; ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATION OF TRANSLOCATIONS ID TRITICUM-DICOCCOIDES; OUTCROSSING RATES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION AB Translocation frequencies (as compared to the standard chromosome arrangement typified by that in 'Chinese Spring) in 9 or more genotypes from each of 15 populations of Triticum dicoccoides in Israel were determined. Data also were obtained from 2 genotypes of the southernmost population (Jaba). A single population from Turkey was also investigated. There were 119 genotypes with translocations in the sample of 171 genotypes investigated (70%). The frequency of translocations in different populations varied from 0.27 to 1.00, and all populations had 1 or more genotypes with one or more translocations. Some populations such as Qazrin appeared to be homogeneous for translocations, but most populations were heterogeneous. A sample of 17 genotypes from 12 of the populations were crossed with the Langdon D-genome disomic substitutions to determine the identity of the chromosomes involved in the translocations. There were nine genotypes with translocations and with the exception of a 2A/2B translocation, none of them involved the same chromosomes. The B-genome chromosomes were involved in translocations more frequently than the A-genome chromosomes. Translocation frequencies (TF) of the various populations were correlated with environmental variables, primarily with water availability and humidity, and possibly also with soil type. In general, TF was higher in peripheral populations in the ecologically heterogeneous frontiers of species distribution than in the central populations located in the catchment ar ea of the upper Jordan valley. C1 UNIV HAIFA,INST EVOLUT,IL-31905 HAIFA,ISRAEL. RP JOPPA, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,BOX 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 91 IS 5 BP 713 EP 719 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RZ616 UT WOS:A1995RZ61600002 PM 24169905 ER PT J AU WANOUS, MK GUSTAFSON, JP AF WANOUS, MK GUSTAFSON, JP TI A GENETIC-MAP OF RYE CHROMOSOME 1R INTEGRATING RFLP AND CYTOGENETIC LOCI SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SECALE CEREALE; RFLP; CYTOGENETIC MAPPING; C-BAND; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION ID SECALE-CEREALE L; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; C-BANDS; LINKAGE MAP; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; ORGANIZER REGION; ISOZYME LOCI; DNA-SEQUENCE; PHYSICAL MAP AB A genetic map of rye, Secale cereale L., chromosome 1R covering 247 cM was constructed utilizing 27 RFLP and four C-band markers, including terminal C-bands. Genetic mapping of C-bands and the centromere, and in situ hybridization of three RFLP clones, allowed for the integration of the genetic and cytological maps. Eight contact points between the genetic and cytological maps revealed variation in the recombination distance to cytological distance ratio ranging between 0.25 and 1.95, a 7.8-fold difference. Recombination was found to be highest in the satellite region of 1RS and lowest in the most distal region of 1RL. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DIV BIOL SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI UNIT,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 58 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 91 IS 5 BP 720 EP 726 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RZ616 UT WOS:A1995RZ61600003 PM 24169906 ER PT J AU RINDERER, TE BEAMAN, LD AF RINDERER, TE BEAMAN, LD TI GENIC CONTROL OF HONEY-BEE DANCE LANGUAGE DIALECT SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEE; DANCE COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIORAL GENETICS; SINGLE-GENE EFFECTS ID UNITED-STATES; HISTORY; RACES AB Behavioural genetic analysis of honey bee dance language shows simple Mendelian genic control over certain dance dialect differences. Worker honey bees of one parent colony (yellow) changed from round to transition dances for foraging distances of 20 m and from transition to waggle dances at 40 m. Worker bees of the other parent colony (black) made these shifts at 30 m and 90 m, respectively. F-1 colonies behaved identically to their yellow parent, suggesting dominance. Progeny of backcrossing between the F-1 generation and the putative recessive black parent assorted to four classes, indicating that the dialect differences studied are regulated by genes at two unlinked loci, each having two alleles. Honey bee dance communication is complex and highly integrated behaviour. Nonetheless, analysis of a small element of this behaviour, variation in response to distance, suggests that dance communication is regulated by subsets consisting of simple genic systems. RP RINDERER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 91 IS 5 BP 727 EP 732 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RZ616 UT WOS:A1995RZ61600004 PM 24169907 ER PT J AU KLOTH, RH AF KLOTH, RH TI QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI AFFECTING COTTON FIBER ARE LINKED TO THE T(1) LOCUS IN UPLAND COTTON SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT; ADDITIVE GENE ACTION; DOMINANT GENE ACTION ID COMPARATIVE GROWTH; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; LINKAGE MAPS; MAIZE; CULTIVARS; OBSOLETE; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; GOSSYPIUM; MARKERS AB Pilose (T-1), a dominant marker in upland cotton, has been associated with coarse, short fibers. Pilose was, thereby, considered to be pleiotropic on fiber fineness and length. However, a pilose-expressing line with a fiber of average fineness was recently identified. This finding does not support pleiotropy between T-1 and fiber traits, but is indicative of linkage between pilose and loci influencing fiber characteristics. To understand the relationship between T-1 and fiber traits, a pilose line with short, coarse fiber was crossed to two t(1)t(1) lines with standard fiber characteristics. One hundred and forty-nine F-2-derived F-3 lines were developed from one cross, and 60 F-2-derived F-3 lines from the other. Seven fiber traits (elongation, maturity, micronaire reading, perimeter, 2.5% span length, strength, and wall thickness) were measured. Segregation was normal, as indicated by allelic frequencies of 0.5 for T-1 and t(1), and segregation ratios of 1:2:1 for marker genotypes. The association of homozygous T-1 lines with fibers of average fineness was again observed. Linkage between T-1 and loci affecting micronaire, perimeter, 2.5% span length, strength, and wall thickness was found in both populations. Significant additive and non-additive gene effects for each of these traits at the marker locus were found as well. The pilose marker accounted for 10-75% of the phenotypic variation associated with each trait. In conclusion, the t(1) locus is linked to numerous loci that influence fiber traits, and this linkage has previously been misinterpreted as pleiotropy. RP KLOTH, RH (reprint author), USDA,JAMIE WHITTEN DELTA STATES RES CTR,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 91 IS 5 BP 762 EP 768 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RZ616 UT WOS:A1995RZ61600010 PM 24169913 ER PT J AU WATERS, WR HARP, JA NONNECKE, BJ AF WATERS, WR HARP, JA NONNECKE, BJ TI PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES AND INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES IN CALVES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES (IEL); CALF; GAMMA/DELTA T-CELLS ID T-CELL RECEPTOR; INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; WORKSHOP FINDINGS; BOVINE; DIFFERENTIATION; RESPONSES; CATTLE; MICE; CD8 AB The phenotype of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) of young calves has not been described. In order to determine the potential role of IEL in protection against enteric infection, it is important to characterize these cells in normal calves. Therefore, IEL of calves were analyzed phenotypically and compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) via flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers. Approximately 25% of PBL and IEL expressed the gamma/delta T-cell receptor (TCR-1(+)). TCR-1(+) PBL co-expressed WC1 (antigen expressed on a subset of lymphocytes expressing the gamma/delta T-cell receptor), whereas only a small percent of TCR-1(+) IEL co-expressed WC1. TCR-1(+) cells in the PBL co-expressed the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2r), whereas TCR1(+) cells in the IEL co-expressed ACT-2 (null cell and CD-8(+) T-cell activation marker). There were approximately twice as many CD-4(+) cells as CD-sf cells in the PBL, whereas there were three to five times as many CD-8(+) cells as CD-4(+) cells in the IEL. Thus, IEL of calves are antigenically distinct from PBL. RP WATERS, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI07378] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 259 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA TB288 UT WOS:A1995TB28800005 PM 8578684 ER PT J AU PUGACHEV, KV MASON, PW SHOPE, RE FREY, TK AF PUGACHEV, KV MASON, PW SHOPE, RE FREY, TK TI DOUBLE-SUBGENOMIC SINDBIS VIRUS RECOMBINANTS EXPRESSING IMMUNOGENIC PROTEINS OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS INDUCE SIGNIFICANT PROTECTION IN MICE AGAINST LETHAL JEV INFECTION SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DENGUE-2 VIRUS; YELLOW-FEVER; STRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN; INVITRO MUTAGENESIS; PASSIVE TRANSFER; RNA TRANSCRIPTS; CDNA CLONES; NS1 AB A series of double-subgenomic Sindbis virus (dsSIN) recombinants that express cassettes encoding the immunogenic proteins of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) [prM-E, prM-E-NSI, NSI-NS2A, 80%E (encodes the amino-terminal 80% part of E), and NS1] were constructed and analyzed for their ability to confer protective immunity in mice against lethal challenge with neurovirulent JEV. The cassettes were introduced into both 5' [second subgenomic promoter of the vector precedes the SIN structural open reading frame (SP-ORF)] and 3' (the promoter follows the SP-ORF) dsSIN vectors. The longest cassette (prM-E-NSI) was 3.2 kb in length, which is remarkable for such a small vector virus as SIN (SIN genome is roughly 11.8 kb in length). The level of expression of JEV proteins appeared similar for both 5' and 3' recombinants. in general, the stability of the recombinants obtained was found to be low (expression was lost following one to five passages at low multiplicity of infection, depending on the recombinant). However, 5' recombinants containing longer cassettes (prM-E-NS1, prM-E, NSI-NS2A) were more stable than the corresponding 3' recombinants. Intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with 10(7) PFU of dsSIN-JEV recombinants induced antibodies against JEV proteins and low titers of JEV-neutralizing antibodies were produced by mice inoculated with recombinants expressing 80%E., prM-E, and prM-E-NS1. A single immunization of mice with the dsSIN-prM-E or dsSIN-prM-E-NS1 recombinants provided 40-65% protection against peripheral lethal challenge with 10(4) LD(50) of neurovirulent JEV. The results demonstrate that genetically engineered togaviruses can be successfully used as vaccine vectors. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. NR 48 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 212 IS 2 BP 587 EP 594 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1516 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RY725 UT WOS:A1995RY72500031 PM 7571428 ER PT J AU SUAREZ, DL WHETSTONE, CA AF SUAREZ, DL WHETSTONE, CA TI IDENTIFICATION OF HYPERVARIABLE AND CONSERVED REGIONS IN THE SURFACE ENVELOPE GENE IN THE BOVINE LENTIVIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS; BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE PROVIRUSES; VARIABLE REGIONS; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; CATTLE; TYPE-1 AB The surface envelope (SU) gene of nine different isolates of the bovine lentivirus (BIV) were compared for nucleotide and deduced amino acid (aa) sequence diversity. Analyses were done both on isolates derived from the original reference strain, R29, and on field isolates of BIV. Six conserved and six hypervariable regions were identified. Many of the hypervariable regions were located in areas predicted to be on the surface of the SU protein. The SU gene comparison among all isolates showed up to a 50% aa sequence divergence. When a conserved region of the reverse transcriptase gene was compared among eight of the isolates, there was less than 11% aa sequence divergence. When comparing all isolates, the greatest size differences in the SU gene are observed in the 2nd hypervariable region (V2) with up to a 104-aa difference between the largest and smallest variant. R29-106, an infectious molecular clone of the original isolate of BIV, has an 87-bp deletion in V2 as compared to prototype isolate R29-127. All R29-derived isolates sequenced for this study had a SU gene size similar to R29-106. The four field isolates sequenced for this study had SU genes larger than R29-127. R29-derived isolates may not be representative of BIV currently present in United States cattle. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50010. RP SUAREZ, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50159]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI07378] NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 212 IS 2 BP 728 EP 733 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1532 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA RY725 UT WOS:A1995RY72500047 PM 7571444 ER PT J AU NIMBAL, CI WILLS, GD DUKE, SO SHAW, DR AF NIMBAL, CI WILLS, GD DUKE, SO SHAW, DR TI TRANSLOCATION, AND METABOLISM OF C-14 MSMA IN ORGANIC ARSENICAL-RESISTANT AND ARSENICAL-SUSCEPTIBLE MISSISSIPPI BIOTYPES OF COMMON COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM-STRUMARIUM L) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MSMA; MONOSODIUM SALT OF METHYLARSONIC ACID; COMMON COCKLEBUR; XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. NUMBER-3 XANST.; ABSORPTION; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE; XANST AB The uptake, translocation, and metabolism of C-14-MSMA in organic arsenical-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) Mississippi biotypes of common cocklebur were investigated, The two biotypes did not differ significantly with respect to either uptake, total translocation, or translocation pattern of C-14-MSMA plus its radiolabeled metabolites regardless of whether plants were pre-treated with 1.12 kg al ha(-1) of unlabeled MSMA or treated only with radiolabeled material, Absorption of C-14-MSMA was greater in unlabeled MSMA-pretreated plants than untreated plants, whereas the percent of total absorbed C-14-MSMA that was translocated out of the C-14-MSMA-treated leaf was almost the same in MSMA-pretreated and untreated plants, Qualitative detection of C-14-MSMA distribution by autoradiographs confirmed quantitative results obtained with radioassays, Herbicide metabolism in the C-14-treated leaf showed that MSMA was not readily broken down in both biotypes and the extractable C-14 was the same, Uptake, translocation, and metabolic degradation were not involved in the mechanism of resistance of the resistant-Mississippi biotype common cocklebur to MSMA. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DELTA BRANCH EXP STN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 549 EP 554 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500004 ER PT J AU VAIL, GD HICKMAN, MV SCHREIBER, MM AF VAIL, GD HICKMAN, MV SCHREIBER, MM TI SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND WATER EFFECTS ON DISSIPATION OF COMMERCIAL AND STARCH ENCAPSULATED ATRAZINE FORMULATIONS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATRAZINE; 6-CHLORO-N-ETHYL-N'-(1-METHYLETHYL)-1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4-DIAMINE; COMMERCIAL FORMULATION; PERCENT ENCAPSULATION; SOIL WATER CONTENT; STARCH ENCAPSULATION; STARCH PARTICLE SIZE ID EFFICACY; TRIFLURALIN; MOVEMENT AB Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers to evaluate the effects of temperature and soil water content on the time of dissipation of commercial (CF) and starch encapsulated (SE) atrazine formulations to one-half the original concentration (T50), SE samples were also analyzed for the amount of atrazine remaining within the starch particles (percent encapsulation). The dissipation of CF atrazine was affected by changes in temperature and soil water content, SE atrazine dissipation was most influenced by changes in soil water content rather than temperature, Independent of soil water, there was no atrazine dissipation from any formulation at 15 C, The T50 for CF atrazine at 20% soil water content was 53.4 and 29.9 d for 25 and 35 C, respectively, At 20% soil water content, all SE treatments gave a T50 greater than 60 d, The percent starch encapsulation at 20% soil water content was greater than or equal to 55.8 and 30.4% for SE large and SE small, respectively, This high level of encapsulated atrazine accounts for the reduced SE dissipation observed at 20% soil water content, At 40% soil water content, the dissipation of CF and SE small atrazine were not different for either 25 or 35 C, Compared to the CF, the SE large formulation extended the T50 by 7.4 and 6.7 d at 25 and 35 C, respectively, At 40% soil water content, there was no encapsulated atrazine present in SE formulations 60 DAT. RP VAIL, GD (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47970, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500005 ER PT J AU CONN, JS DECK, RE AF CONN, JS DECK, RE TI SEED VIABILITY AND DORMANCY OF 17 WEED SPECIES AFTER 9.7 YEARS OF BURIAL IN ALASKA SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AMERICAN DRAGONHEAD, DRACHOCEPHALUM PARVIFLORUM NUTT. NUMBER-3 DRAPA; BLUEJOINT REEDGRASS, CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS (MICHX.) NUTT.; NUMBER CLMCD, COMMON CHICKWEED, STELLARIA MEDIA (L.) CYRILLO NUMBER STEME; COMMON HEMPNETTLE, GALEOPSIS TETRAHIT L. NUMBER GAETE; COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS, CHENOPODIUM ALBUM L. NUMBER CHEAL; CORN SPURRY, SPERGULA ARVENSIS L. NUMBER SPRAR; FLIXWEED, DESCURANIA SOPHIA (L.) WEBB. EX PRANTL NUMBER DESSO; FOXTAIL BARLEY, HOLDEUM JUBATAM L. NUMBER HORJU; MARSH YELLOWCRESS, RORRIPA ISLANDICA (OEDER) BORBAS NUMBER RORIS; PENNSYLVANIA SMARTWEED, POEYGONNM PENSYLYANICUM L. NUMBER POLPY; PINEAPPLEWEED, MATRICARIA MATRICANARIOIDES (LESS.) C.L. PORTER NUMBER MATMT PROSTRATE KNOTWEED, POLYGONUM PENSYLVANICUM L. NUMBER POLAV; QUACKGRASS, ELYTRIGIA REPENS (L.) NEVSKI NUMBER AGRRE; ROUGH CINQUEFOIL, POTENTILLA NORVEGICA L. NUMBER PTLNO; SHEPHERDS-PURSE, CAPSELLA BURUSA-PASTORIS L.) MEDIK. NUMBER CAPBP; WILD BUCKWHEAT, POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS L. NUMBER POLCO; WILD OATS, AVENA FAFUA L. NUMBER AVEFA; SEED LONGEVITY; BURIED SEED; WEED SEED; DECLINE ID SOIL; LONGEVITY AB A 50-year study at Fairbanks, AK, was started in 1984 to determine soil seed longevity of 17 weed species. Seed were buried in mesh bags 2 and 15 cm deep and were exhumed 0.7, 1.7, 2.7, 3.7, 4.7, 6.7, and 9.7 yr later. Viability was determined by germination and tetrazolium tests. All common hempnettle and quackgrass seed were dead after 2.7 and 3.7 yr, respectively. Less than 1% of wild oats and foxtaill barley seed were viable after 3.7 yr, but > 6.7 yr were required for loss of all viability. By 9.7 yr, < 1% seed viability remained for: bluejoint reedgrass, corn spurry, pineappleweed, prostrate knotweed, and wild buckwheat. From 2 to 5% of seed from common chickweed, common lambsquarters, flixweed, Pennsylvania smartweed, rough cinquefoil, marsh yellow-cress and shepherd's-purse were viable, while 62% of American dragonhead seed was still alive. Seed longevity in agricultural fields is not greater under subarctic conditions than under warmer conditions. RP CONN, JS (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,SUBARCTIC AGRIC RES UNIT,POB 757200,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 583 EP 585 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500010 ER PT J AU KWON, TJ YOUNG, DL YOUNG, FL BOERBOOM, CM AF KWON, TJ YOUNG, DL YOUNG, FL BOERBOOM, CM TI PALWEED-WHEAT - A BIOECONOMIC DECISION-MODEL FOR POSTEMERGENCE WEED MANAGEMENT IN WINTER-WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WINTER WHEAT; TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. (DAWS AND HILL 81; MULTISPECIES; WEED SEEDLING COUNT; WEED BIOMASS; YIELD RESPONSE FUNCTION; OPTIMIZATION ID SPECIFICATION; ECONOMICS AB Based on six years of data from a field experiment near Pullman, WA, a bioeconomic decision model was developed to annually estimate the optimal post-emergence herbicide types and rates to control multiple weed species in winter wheat under various tillage systems and crop rotations, The model name, PALWEED:WHEAT, signifies a Washington-Idaho Palouse region weed management model for winter wheat. The model consists of linear preharvest weed density functions, a nonlinear yield response function, and a profit function, Preharvest weed density functions were estimated for four weed groups: summer annual grasses, winter annual grasses, summer annual broadleaves, and winter annual broadleaves, A single aggregated weed competition index was developed from the four density functions for use functions for use in the yield model, A yield model containing a logistic damage function performed better than a model containing a rectangular hyperbolic damage function, Herbicides were grouped into three categories: preplant nonselective, postemergence broadleaf, and postemergence grass, PALWEED: WHEAT was applied to average conditions of the 6-yr experiment to predict herbicide treatments that maximized profit, In comparison to average treatment rates in the 6-yr experiment, the bioeconomic decision model recommended less postemergence herbicide, The weed management recommendations of PALWEED:WHEAT behaved as expected by agronomic and economic theory in response to changes in assumed weed populations, herbicide costs, crop prices, and possible restrictions on herbicide application rates. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGR ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 595 EP 603 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500012 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DT AF PATTERSON, DT TI EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD ON REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT IN VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VELVETLEAF, ABULITON THEOPHRASTI MEDICUS NUMBER(3) ABUTH; FLOWERING; GROWTH MODELING; VEGETATIVE GROWTH ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; SENSITIVE INTERVAL; SIMULATION-MODEL; BROADLEAF WEEDS; GROWTH; COMPETITION; IRRADIANCE; TIME AB When velvetleaf plants from Mississippi and Minnesota populations were maintained in growth chambers with day/night temperatures of 29/23 C and photoperiods of 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 h, newer buds and open flowers appeared first in the 12 h photoperiod. Buds and flowers appeared 2 to 4 d later at photoperiods of 11, 13, or 14 h, Increasing the photoperiod beyond 14 h to 15 h delayed bud appearance an additional 7 d in the MN plants and 12 d in the MS plants, Open flowers appeared four to five nodes higher, 10 d later at 15 than at 14 h in the MN plants and 20 d later in the MS plants, Vegetative shoot weight and fruit weight 73 d after emergence were greater in 13 h or longer photoperiods than at 11 or 12 h, In shorter photoperiods, MN plants produced more vegetative growth than MS plants, but the reverse occurred at longer photoperiods where MS plants were taller than MN plants, These growth differences occurred because earlier shifts in allocation to reproductive growth in MN plants limited their vegetative growth, particularly in the longest photoperiods, Differences in rate of reproductive development between populations were not evident until photoperiod exceeded 13 h, Reciprocal transfer of plants of the MS population between short and long photoperiods revealed the durations of the juvenile (pre-inductive), inductive, and post-inductive phases to be 3 to 5, 7 to 8 (short day) or 30 (long day), and 10 to 11 d, respectively, Differences in competitive ability among latitudinal biotypes of photoperiodically-sensitive weeds may depend on time of emergence in the field and consequent photoperiod exposure, Weed growth simulation models to be used in development of expert systems for weed management should take photoperiodic sensitivity into account. RP PATTERSON, DT (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,BOX 90340,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 627 EP 633 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500016 ER PT J AU DUNAN, CM WESTRA, P SCHWEIZER, EE LYBECKER, DW MOORE, FD AF DUNAN, CM WESTRA, P SCHWEIZER, EE LYBECKER, DW MOORE, FD TI THE CONCEPT AND APPLICATION OF EARLY ECONOMIC PERIOD THRESHOLD - THE CASE OF DCPA IN ONIONS (ALLIUM-CEPA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DCPA; DIMETHYL 2,3,5,6-TETRACHLORO-1,4-BENZENEDICARBOXYLATE; ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.); ECONOMIC CRITICAL PERIOD; ECONOMIC THRESHOLD; HELAN; MODEL ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; WEED; POPULATION AB The question of when to control weeds traditionally has been approached with the calculation of critical periods (CP) based on crop yields, The concept of economic critical period (ECP) and early (EEPT) and late (LEFT) economic period thresholds are presented as a comprehensive approach to answer the same question based on economic losses and costs of control. ECP is defined as the period when the benefit of controlling weeds is greater than its cost, EEPT and LEFT are the limits of the ECP and can be used to determine when first and last weed control measures should be performed, Calculation of EEPT accounts for the economic losses due to weed competition that occur between planting and postemergence weed control, In this way it is possible to better evaluate the economic feasibility of using preplant or preemergence control tactics, The EEPT for DCPA application is analyzed in the context of onion production in Colorado, The EEPT for DCPA application was calculated from an empirical regression model that assessed the impact of weed load and time of weed removal on onion yields, The EEPT was affected by control efficacy, weed-free yield, DCPA cost, and onion price, DCPA application was economically advisable in only one of 20 fields analyzed because of the low DCPA efficacy (60%). C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RES ECON,USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP DUNAN, CM (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 634 EP 639 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500017 ER PT J AU GEALY, DR BOERBOOM, CM OGG, AG AF GEALY, DR BOERBOOM, CM OGG, AG TI GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM L) AND LENTIL (LENS-CULINARIS L) SPRAYED WITH LOW RATES OF SULFONYLUREA AND PHENOXY HERBICIDES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TRIBENURON, 2-[[[[(4-METHOXY-6-METHYL-1,3,5-TRIAZIN-2-YL)METHYLAMINO]CARBONYL]AMINO] SULFONYL]BENZOIC ACID; THIFENSULFURON, 3-[[[[(4-METHOXY-6-METHYL-1,3,5-TRIAZIN-2-YL)AMINO]CARBONYL]AMINO]SULFON YL]-2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC ACID; 2,4-D, (2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY) ACETIC ACID; COLUMBIAN PEA; PISUM SATIVUM L.; BREWER LENTIL; LENS CULINARIS L.; CHEMICAL TRESPASS; DRIFT; PHYTOTOXICITY; CHLOROSIS ID 2,4-D AB Drift of sulfonylurea and phenoxy herbicides from spring cereal fields to nearby spring pea and lentil crops was simulated by spraying pea and lentil with 2,4-D or the 2:1 commercial mixture of thifensulfuron and tribenuron at rates of 0, 0.33, 1, 3.3, or 10% of the use rates (X) for spring cereal crops approximately 3 and 5 wk after planting pea and lentil, 2,4-D had minimal inhibitory effects on both crops at all rates tested, Lentil was slightly more sensitive than pea to 10% X 2,4-D, Thifensulfuron:tribenuron had no effect on either crop at rates less than 3.3% X, Two weeks after application of thifensulfuron:tribenuron, 10% X, and to a lesser degree 3.3% X rates, caused newly emerged leaves to become chlorotic, reducing chlorophyll content 25 to 50%, These treatments also reduced net photosynthesis by 37% and reduced or halted growth of the main stern, Early formation of eaves was reduced, thus tripling light penetration through the canopy, Five to six weeks after application, 10% X thifensulfuron:tribenuron had, in some treatments, more than tripled branching in pea, more than quadrupled branching in lentil, and reduced biomass as much as 42%, Flowering and maturity were delayed, Plants recovered from stunting by thifensulfuron:tribenuron to varying degrees depending on environmental conditions, and final seed yield generally was reduced less than 25%. In controlled greenhouse experiments, rate response to thifensulfuron generally was similar to that observed in field experiments, Pea was stunted less at 30 C than at 10 C, whereas lentil was affected similarly at these temperatures, Overall, visual symptoms from thifensulfuron:tribenuron exposure were more pronounced in pea than in lentil and were detectable at levels substantially lower than those that affected final seed yields. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 640 EP 647 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500018 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DH BEATY, JD HORTON, DK TALBERT, RE GUY, CB MATTICE, JD LAVY, TL SMITH, RJ AF JOHNSON, DH BEATY, JD HORTON, DK TALBERT, RE GUY, CB MATTICE, JD LAVY, TL SMITH, RJ TI EFFECTS OF ROTATIONAL CROP HERBICIDES ON RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALACHLOR, 2-CHLORO-N-(2,6 DIETHYLPHENYL)-N-(METHOXYMETHYL)ACETAMIDE; ATRAZINE, 6-CHLORO-N-ETHYL-N'-(1-METHYLETHYL)-1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4-DIAMINE; CHLORIMURON, 2-[[[[(4-CHLORO-6-METHOXY-2-PYRIMIDINYL)AMINO]CARBONYL]AMINO]SULFONYL] BENZOIC ACID; CLOMAZONE, 2-[(2-CHLOROPHENYL)METHYL]-4,4-DIMETHYL-3-ISOXAZOLIDINONE; FLUOMETURON, N,N-DIMETHYL-N'-[3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]UREA; IMAZAQUIN, 2-[4,5-DIHYDRO-4-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHYL)-5-OXO-1H-IMIDAZOL-2-YL]-3-QUIN OLINECARBOXYLIC ACID; IMAZETHAPYR, 2-[4,5-DIHYDRO-4-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHYL)-5-OXO-1H-IMIDAZOL-2-YL]-5-ETHY L-3-PYRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID; METOLACHLOR, 2-CHLORO-N-(2-ETHYL-6-METHYLPHENYL)-N-(2-METHOXY-1-METHYLETHYL)ACETAMIDE ; NORFLURAZON, 4-CHLORO-5-(METHYLAMINO)-2-(3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL)-3(2H)-PYRIDAZINON E; TRIFLURALIN, 2-6-DINITRO-N,N-DIPROPYL-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENAMINE; COTTON; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.; GRAIN SORGHUM; SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH; RICE; ORYZA SATIVA L.; SOYBEAN; GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.; HERBICIDE CARRYOVER; SOIL RESIDUE ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; IMAZAQUIN RESIDUES; CLOMAZONE; IMAZETHAPYR; SOIL; METOLACHLOR; PERSISTENCE; INJURY AB Experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1991 on two silt loam and two clay soils to determine the effect of herbicides applied to the previous crop on growth and yield of rice, All herbicides were applied preplant-incorporated at recommended rates adjusted as needed for soil texture, Rice was planted the following year, Imazaquin, imazethapyr, alachlor, metolachlor, clomazone, trifluralin, and atrazine did not injure rice the year following application, Norflurazon was the only herbicide to injure rice on silt loam soils, with injury at one silt loam location in one of two years, Norflurazon and fluometuron residues caused rice injury on clay soils, and chlorimuron residues caused injury in one year on a clay soil, This chlorimuron carryover injury was from August-planted soybean but did not occur from June-planted soybean, Norflurazon, fluometuron, and chlorimuron temporarily reduced rice dry matter early in the season, No herbicide reduced either rough rice or percent head rice yield on any of the soils. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,SE RES & EXT CTR,MONTICELLO,AR 71656. USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 648 EP 654 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500019 ER PT J AU RICHARD, EP AF RICHARD, EP TI SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SPP) RESPONSE TO SIMULATED FLUAZIFOP-P DRIFT SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FLUAZIFOP-P, (R)-2-[4[[5-(TRIFUOROMETHYL)-2-PYRIDINYL]OXY]PHENOXY]PROPANOIC ACID; JOHNSONGRASS; SORGHUM HALEPENSE (L,) PERS. NUMBER(3) SORHA; SOYBEAN; GLYCINE MAX L. MERR. AND SUGARCANE; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF SACCHARUM CP 65-357 CP 72-370 CP 74-383 CP 76-331 AND CP 79-318; CROP INJURY; HERBICIDE MISAPPLICATION; SACOF ID JOHNSONGRASS SORGHUM-HALEPENSE; GLYCINE-MAX; HERBICIDES; ASULAM; YIELD; DENSITY; MSMA AB The impact of POST applications of fluazifop-P on sugarcane grown in Louisiana was determined for 3, 6, 11, 22, and 44% of the lowest rate recommended for the control of johnsongrass in soybean (100 g ai ha(-1)). In field studies, sugarcane injury 4 WAT increased as the rate of fluazifop-P increased,Injury in excess of 80% was observed when fluazifop-P at 44 g ha(-1) was applied in May and June and 54% when applied in August, Sugarcane stalks treated with fluazifop-P were fewer in number, shorter and lighter, and immature at harvest. This resulted in lower Brix and sucrose levels, higher fiber content, and ultimately lower sugar yields, Reductions in sugar yields associated with an application of fluazifop-P closely paralleled visual injury 4 WAT, Injury from application of fluazifop-P was also evident in the subsequent ratoon crop where reductions in spring shoot counts of 14 to 25% were obtained even when fluazifop-P had been applied at 6 g ha(-1) the previous year, Greenhouse studies indicated that the response observed in the field with CP 70-321 sugarcane was indicative of the major cultivars grown, with the possible exception of CP 74-383. RP RICHARD, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 660 EP 665 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500021 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DT AF PATTERSON, DT TI WEEDS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE GREENHOUSE EFFECT; COMPETITION; WEED DISTRIBUTION ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; PANICUM PANICUM-TEXANUM; ANODA ANODA-CRISTATA; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; PLANT-GROWTH AB Current and projected increases in the concentrations of CO2 and other radiatively-active gases in the Earth's atmosphere lead to concern over possible impacts on agricultural pests, All pests would be affected by the global warming and consequent changes in precipitation, wind patterns, and frequencies of extreme weather events which may accompany the ''greenhouse effect.'' However, only weeds are likely to respond directly to the increasing CO2 concentration, Higher CO2 will stimulate photosynthesis and growth in C-3 weeds and reduce stomatal aperture and increase water use efficiency in both C-3 and C-4 weeds, Respiration, and photosynthate composition, concentration, and translocation may be affected, Perennial weeds may become more difficult to control, if increased photosynthesis stimulates greater production of rhizomes and other storage organs, Changes in leaf surface characteristics and excess starch accumulation in the leaves of C-3 weeds may interfere with herbicidal control, Global warming and other climatic changes will affect the growth, phenology, and geographical distribution of weeds, Aggressive species of tropical and subtropical origins, currently restricted to the southern U.S., may expand northward. Any direct or indirect consequences of the CO2 increase that differentially affect the growth or fitness of weeds and crops will alter weed-crop competitive interactions, sometimes to the detriment of the crop and sometimes to its benefit. RP PATTERSON, DT (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AREC,2199 S ROCK RD,FT PIERCE,FL 34945, USA. NR 155 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 37 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 685 EP 700 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TH555 UT WOS:A1995TH55500025 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Hang, A AF Boydston, RA Hang, A TI Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; IONIC THIOCYANATE; GROWTH; SOIL; GERMINATION; PLANTS; PHYTOTOXICITY; CULTIVARS; PRODUCTS AB Fall-planted rapeseed and sudangrass were evaluated for weed control in potato during a two-year study. Rapeseed incorporated in the spring in a loamy sand soil reduced weed density 85 and 73% in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and reduced weed biomass 96 and 50% in 1992 and 1993, respectively, in following potato crops compared to potato after fallow. Potato following rapeseed yielded 25% and 17% more total tuber weight than potato following sudangrass in 1992 and fallow in 1993, respectively. In greenhouse trials, rapeseed tissue added to a loamy sand soil at 20 g fresh weight per 400 g dry soil reduced biomass of hairy nightshade and longspine sandbur by 90 and 83%, respectively. Similarly, white mustard tissue added at 20 g fresh weight per 400 g dry soil reduced biomass of hairy nightshade and green foxtail by 83 and 70%, respectively. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 44 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 669 EP 675 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TQ065 UT WOS:A1995TQ06500002 ER PT J AU Vangessel, MJ Schweizer, EE Lybecker, DW Westra, P AF Vangessel, MJ Schweizer, EE Lybecker, DW Westra, P TI Compatibility and efficiency of in-row cultivation for weed management in corn (Zea mays) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioeconomic weed management model; integrated weed management; reduced herbicide rates; row-crop cultivator; rotary hoe; WEEDCAM; Amaranthus retroflexus; Echinochloa crus-galli; Euphorbia dentata; Solanum sarrachoides; AMARE; ECHCG; EPHDE; SOLSA ID GLYCINE-MAX; SOYBEANS AB Information on the effects of multiple weed management tactics in corn is needed to develop integrated weed management systems. The effectiveness and compatibility of an in-row cultivator as compared to a standard interrow cultivator used with reduced rates of a soil-applied herbicide, rotary hoeing, and/or a bioeconomic model for POST herbicide selection was examined, Weed control with a single rotary hoeing at corn emergence controlled annual weeds similarly to two rotary hoeings. One-third recommended use rate of alachlor controlled weeds similarly to a two-thirds rate. Reduced rates of alachlor controlled more weeds than rotary hoeing over 2 yr. The in-row cultivator required early-season weed control (rotary hoeing or reduced alachlor rate) for optimum efficacy. The in-row cultivator provided better weed control than the standard cultivator while the cost of operating the two cultivators was similar. Thus, the in-row cultivator was more efficient than the standard cultivator. Furthermore, less intensive early-season weed control was required with the in-row cultivator for maximum weed control as compared to the standard cultivator. Rotary hoeing plus the in-row cultivator provided similar weed control to other weed management tactics that required both soil-applied and POST herbicides. Gross margin was influenced more by corn yield than cost of weed management tactics. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 754 EP 760 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TQ065 UT WOS:A1995TQ06500015 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA AF Boydston, RA TI Effect of tillage level and herbicides on weed control and yield of asparagus (Asparagus of officinalis) in the Pacific Northwest SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE no-till; species shifts; volunteer asparagus; diuron; metribuzin; norflurazon; prodiamine; Conyza canadensis; Kochia scoparia; Senecio vulgaris; Solanum sarrachoides; AGRRE; ASPOF; CIRAR; ERICA; KCHSC; SENVU; SOLSA AB Studies were conducted to determine the effects of tillage level on weed control and yield of asparagus grown on a sandy loam soil under sprinkler irrigation. Without herbicides, horseweed and kochia populations increased in no-till asparagus production over a 3-yr period, compared to asparagus that was rototilled either once in the spring or once in the spring and again at layby. Without herbicides, hairy nightshade populations increased most when asparagus was rototilled both in the spring and at layby. Volunteer asparagus was controlled best when herbicides and tillage were combined in the spring and at layby. Diuron at 1.4 kg ai/ha plus prodiamine at 1.4 kg/ha or metribuzin at 0.9 kg/ha plus norflurazon at 2 kg/ha controlled all weeds under all three tillage levels when split-applied in the spring and at layby. Tillage level had no effect on total asparagus spear number or weight if tillage was performed in mid March before asparagus emergence. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 768 EP 772 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TQ065 UT WOS:A1995TQ06500017 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Locke, MA Howard, KD AF Reddy, KN Locke, MA Howard, KD TI Bentazon spray retention, activity, and foliar washoff in weed species SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adjuvant; contact angle; rainfall; spray deposition; surface tension; Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus hybridus; Senna obtusifolia; Sesbania exaltata; ABUTH; AMACH; CASOB; SEBEX ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; ADJUVANTS; GLYPHOSATE; EFFICACY; JOHNSONGRASS; RAINFASTNESS AB Greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the effects of adjuvant and rainfall on bentazon spray retention, efficacy, and foliar washoff in hemp sesbania, sicklepod, smooth pigweed, and velvetleaf. Bentazon was applied at 0.28 to 2.24 kg ai/ha with Agri-Dex, a crop oil concentrate (COC) or Kinetic, an organiosilicone-nonionic surfactant blend (OSB) when weeds were at the three- to five-leaf stage. Plants were subjected to 2.5 cm simulated rainfall for 20 min at 1 and 24 h after application of bentazon. Shoot fresh weight reduction assessed 2 wk after treatment was similar with either adjuvant on velvetleaf and smooth pigweed. OSB enhanced bentazon efficacy in hemp sesbania and sicklepod as compared to COC. Rainfall at 1 h after application generally reduced bentazon activity in all weeds. OSB maintained bentazon activity in hemp sesbania when subjected to rainfall at 1 h after application as compared to COC. Overall, bentazon spray retention on plants was 9 to 550% higher with OSB as compared to COC among the species at 1 h after application. Amount of bentazon residue washed off from the foliage by rainfall within a weed species was relatively similar for both adjuvants except in smooth pigweed and ranged from 39 to 98% among the four weed species at 1 h after application. OSB exhibited specificity for certain weed species and the potential to minimize bentazon spray reaching the soil by increasing deposition. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 773 EP 778 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TQ065 UT WOS:A1995TQ06500018 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW Dowler, CC AF Widstrom, NW Dowler, CC TI Sensitivity of selected field corn inbreds (Zea mays) to nicosulfuron SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbicide injury; inheritance; maize; postemergence; tolerance to herbicides AB A small percentage (< 5%) of dent corn inbreds was sensitive to the herbicide nicosulfuron. Segregation within a backcross to inbred Ab18 demonstrated simple inheritance as a nuclear gene for corn sensitivity to this herbicide. Greenhouse tests indicated that cytoplasmic or maternal effects were not important in conditioning sensitivity. Tolerance in some crosses began to break down at application rates approaching twice that registered. Sensitivity was controlled by a single autosomal recessive gene in the inbred Ab18. Further testing will be required to determine whether this gene is common to other sensitive inbreds. Thorough screening continues to be necessary to identify sensitive elite inbreds in public and private breeding programs. RP Widstrom, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 779 EP 782 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TQ065 UT WOS:A1995TQ06500019 ER PT J AU SCOTT, CT LAUFENBERG, TL AF SCOTT, CT LAUFENBERG, TL TI SPACEBOARD-II PANELS - PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPACEBOARD; PAPIER-MACHE; SHEATHING PANEL ID FPL SPACEBOARD AB This preliminary evaluation of the properties of Spaceboard II (SBII) was undertaken to establish the potential of a pulp-molded product in structural-use applications and to develop a basis upon which to optimize the Spaceboard pulp molding process. Various tests were implemented to characterize significant engineering properties, including static concentrated load, panel bending, panel shear, bearing strength, and coupon tension and compression strength. Although these tests were preliminary in nature, they were nonetheless adequate to show that SBII panels perform quite satisfactorily under ''dry'' conditions, relative to the current performance requirements established for structural-use panels. Our tests on SBII demonstrated that with proper formation and densification, a three-dimensional pulp molding process such as Spaceboard provides the opportunity to create structural products from fiber and to obtain the performance required of conventional products. RP SCOTT, CT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 402 EP 412 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TC930 UT WOS:A1995TC93000010 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM KAWAI, S INOUE, M AF ROWELL, RM KAWAI, S INOUE, M TI DIMENSIONALLY STABILIZED, VERY-LOW-DENSITY FIBERBOARD SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LOW DENSITY; FIBERBOARD; ACETYLATION; STEAMING DIMENSIONAL STABILITY; THICKNESS SWELLING; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ID PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY; BOARD PROPERTIES; PARTICLEBOARD AB In this study, fiberboards with a specific gravity ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 were made using acetylated, steam-treated, and untreated fiber. In all boards, dimensional stability increased as specific gravity decreased from 0.5 to 0.2. Fiberboards made from acetylated fiber were more dimensionally stable than boards made from steam-treated fiber at all specific gravity levels tested, Steam-treated fiberboards resulted in a 15% weight loss of hemicelluloses and some loss of Lignin and extractives. Boards with a specific gravity of 0.2 had a low modulus value, which was probably due to poor adhesion between fibers. C1 KYOTO UNIV,WOOD RES INST,UJI,KYOTO 611,JAPAN. RP ROWELL, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 428 EP 436 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TC930 UT WOS:A1995TC93000013 ER PT J AU LEMARCHAND, L HANKIN, JH BACH, F KOLONEL, LN WILKENS, LR STACEWICZSAPUNTZAKIS, M BOWEN, PE BEECHER, GR LAUDON, F BAQUE, P DANIEL, R SERUVATU, L HENDERSON, BE AF LEMARCHAND, L HANKIN, JH BACH, F KOLONEL, LN WILKENS, LR STACEWICZSAPUNTZAKIS, M BOWEN, PE BEECHER, GR LAUDON, F BAQUE, P DANIEL, R SERUVATU, L HENDERSON, BE TI AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF DIET AND LUNG-CANCER IN THE SOUTH-PACIFIC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A; BETA-CAROTENE; RISK; VEGETABLES; HAWAII; MEN; CONSUMPTION; VALIDATION; HISTORY; DISEASE AB Incidence rates of lung cancer have been markedly lower for Fiji than for other South Pacific countries, despite similar rates of smoking. We conducted population-based surveys in several island nations of the South Pacific (Cook islands, Fiji, Tahiti and New Caledonia) and used data from Caucasian, Japanese, Hawaiian, Filipino and Chinese controls in a case-control study of lung cancer in Hawaii to investigate the role of diet in explaining differences in lung cancer incidence among 20 ethnic-sex groups. In a stepwise linear regression of lung cancer rates on smoking, diet and other variables, smoking, as expected, explained the majority (61%) of the variability in incidence. However, several dietary components also explained significant portions of the variance. Lutein intake explained 14% and vitamin E intake, cholesterol intake and height explained 5-7% each of the remaining variance in incidence. Associations with lutein and vitamin E were inverse, whereas those with cholesterol and height were direct. Dietary beta-carotene intake was not associated with lung cancer incidence. These ecological data provide evidence for a protective effect of lutein against lung cancer. A protective effect of dietary vitamin E and a risk-enhancing effect of dietary cholesterol are also suggested. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 S PACIFIC COMMISS,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & DIETET,CHICAGO,IL. USDA,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. DIRECT SANTE,PAPEETE,FR POLYNESIA. DIRECT PROV AFFAIRES SANIT & SOCIALES,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA. MINIST HLTH,SUVA,FIJI. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. RP LEMARCHAND, L (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,CANC RES CTR HAWAII,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,1236 LAUHALA ST,SUITE 407,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01-CA55424, R01-CA55874] NR 33 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 27 PY 1995 VL 63 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910630105 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RX634 UT WOS:A1995RX63400004 PM 7558446 ER PT J AU LANGE, AB ORCHARD, I WANG, ZX NACHMAN, RJ AF LANGE, AB ORCHARD, I WANG, ZX NACHMAN, RJ TI A NONPEPTIDE AGONIST OF THE INVERTEBRATE RECEPTOR FOR SCHISTOFLRFAMIDE (PDVDHVFLRFAMIDE), A MEMBER OF A SUBFAMILY OF INSECT FMRFAMIDE-RELATED PEPTIDES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NEUROPEPTIDE; ANTAGONIST; LOCUST; POTENT; AMIDE AB We describe a nonpeptide mimetic analog of an invertebrate peptide receptor, Benzethonium chloride (Bztc) is an agonist of the SchistoFLRFamide (PDVDHVFLRFamide) receptors found on locust oviducts. Bztc competitively displaces [I-125-labeled Y-1] SchistoFLRFamide binding to both high- and low-affinity receptors of membrane preparations. Bztc mimics the physiological effects of SchistoFLRFamide on locust oviduct, by inhibiting myogenic and induced contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Bztc is therefore recognized by the binding and activation regions of the SchistoFLRFamide receptors, This discovery provides a unique opportunity within insects to finally target a peptide receptor for the development of future pest management strategies, C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT ZOOL,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 26 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 20 BP 9250 EP 9253 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.20.9250 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RX200 UT WOS:A1995RX20000050 PM 7568111 ER PT J AU SINGH, K GROTHVASSELLI, B KUMOSINSKI, TF FARNSWORTH, PN AF SINGH, K GROTHVASSELLI, B KUMOSINSKI, TF FARNSWORTH, PN TI ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN QUATERNARY STRUCTURE - MOLECULAR-BASIS FOR ITS CHAPERONE ACTIVITY SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN; CHAPERONE; GAMMA-CRYSTALLIN; LENS ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; B-CRYSTALLIN; LENS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXPRESSION; STABILITY AB alpha-Crystallin, the major protein in all vertebrate lenses, functions as a chaperone. In the present analysis, an 'open' micellar structure composed of alpha A subunits is used to simulate chaperoning of partially heat denatured soluble gamma-crystallin. The interaction is both electrostatic and hydrophobic and satisfies experimental evidence for a 1:1 alpha/gamma molar ratio, a doubling of molecular mass and a minimal increase in the dimensions of the complex [J. Biol. Chem. (1994) 269, 13601-13608; Invest. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci. (1995) 36, 311-21]. These data are also in accord with Farahbaksh et al. [Biochemistry (1995) 34, 509-16]; i.e. the bound gamma-crystallin monomers are not in a central cavity, but are separated by alpha A subunits. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,DEPT PHYSIOL,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,NEWARK,NJ 07103. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,DEPT MACROMOLEC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,DEPT CELL STRUCT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 1995 VL 372 IS 2-3 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00980-N PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA RX921 UT WOS:A1995RX92100032 PM 7556685 ER PT J AU YU, JJ CHANG, PK PAYNE, GA CARY, JW BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE AF YU, JJ CHANG, PK PAYNE, GA CARY, JW BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE TI COMPARISON OF THE OMTA GENES ENCODING O-METHYLTRANSFERASES INVOLVED IN AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS FROM ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS AND ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO GENE LA English DT Note DE SECONDARY METABOLITES; MYCOTOXINS; FUNGI; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; O-METHYLSTERIGMATOCYSTIN ID CLONING; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; MYCOTOXINS; CONVERSION AB O-methyltransferase (OMT) is one of the key enzymes in aflatoxin (AF) biosynthesis in the fungi, Aspergillus flavus (Af) and A. parasiticus (Ap). Genomic DNA clones containing the omtA genes from Ap strain SRRC 143 and Af strain CRA01-2B were sequenced. Comparison of the genomic DNA sequences with the cDNA of this Ap gene revealed the presence of four introns ranging from 52 to 60 bp in length in both species; the region encoding the putative S-adenosylmethionine-binding motif was located between the third and fourth introns. The coding sequence of omtA from Ap strain SRRC 143 demonstrated a greater than 97% sequence identity with that from Af strain CRA01-2B, within the coding region. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. TULANE UNIV,DEPT CELL & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD SEP 22 PY 1995 VL 163 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00397-O PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RY324 UT WOS:A1995RY32400020 PM 7557460 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM AF Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM TI Use of the index of biotic integrity to assess physical habitat degradation in warmwater streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE index of biotic integrity; stream; fish; erosion; sediment; physical habitat ID FISH COMMUNITIES; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER; CHANNEL; TENNESSEE; FRAMEWORK AB Indices of biotic integrity (IBI) were computed for two annual fish collections from 27 locations along the bluffline bordering the Mississippi River alluvial plain in northwestern Mississippi. Study sites exhibited varying degrees of physical habitat degradation due to accelerated channel erosion. Objectives of index application were to quantify existing environmental quality and to test the IBI as a tool for relating fish population characteristics to physical degradation. Physical habitat data were collected concurrently with fish at all sites, and physical habitat descriptors were compared with the IBI scores and component metrics. Three to 23 fish species were captured from each site, and species richness explained 64-70% of the variance in IBI scores. Fish collections were dominated by insectivores tolerant of habitat and water quality degradation. Suckers and piscivores were relatively uncommon. The IBI scores were generally not reflective of physical habitat conditions. Variation in IBI scores was indicative of only the grossest differences in physical habitat quality. Weak relationships between physical habitat quality and IBI scores may have been due to large temporal variations in biotic integrity typical of degraded habitats. Alternatively, water quality degradation, which we did not measure, may have confounded relationships between physical habitat and fish metrics. Regional application of the IBI as a habitat assessment tool in landscapes with widespread physical degradation must overcome lack of suitable reference sites, large temporal variation in IBI scores, and small numbers of fish per collection, leading to lower confidence levels for IBI scores. The scarcity of lightly impacted sites may hinder detection of biotic integrity response along gradients of physical habitat quality. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 77 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP 22 PY 1995 VL 312 IS 3 BP 191 EP 208 DI 10.1007/BF00015512 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TL936 UT WOS:A1995TL93600006 ER PT J AU PATERSON, AH LIN, YR LI, ZK SCHERTZ, KF DOEBLEY, JF PINSON, SRM LIU, SC STANSEL, JW IRVINE, JE AF PATERSON, AH LIN, YR LI, ZK SCHERTZ, KF DOEBLEY, JF PINSON, SRM LIU, SC STANSEL, JW IRVINE, JE TI CONVERGENT DOMESTICATION OF CEREAL CROPS BY INDEPENDENT MUTATIONS AT CORRESPONDING GENETIC-LOCI SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNDERLYING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; LINKAGE MAPS; MAIZE; TOMATO; RICE; RFLP; CHROMOSOMES; TEOSINTE; MARKERS AB Independent domestication of sorghum, rice, and maize involved convergent selection for large seeds, reduced disarticulation of the mature inflorescence, and daylength-insensitive flowering. These similar phenotypes are largely determined by a small number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that correspond closely in the three taxa. The correspondence of these QTLs transcends 65 million years of reproductive isolation. This finding supports models of quantitative inheritance that invoke relatively few genes, obviates difficulties in map-based cloning of QTLs, and impels the comparative mapping of complex phenotypes across large evolutionary distances, such as those that separate humans from rodents and domesticated mammals. C1 USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. TEXAS A&M UNIV RES & EXTENS CTR,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. TEXAS A&M UNIV RES & EXTENS CTR,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP PATERSON, AH (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. OI Lin, Yann-rong/0000-0001-6833-8276 NR 54 TC 368 Z9 398 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 22 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5231 BP 1714 EP 1718 DI 10.1126/science.269.5231.1714 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RV948 UT WOS:A1995RV94800036 PM 17821643 ER PT J AU RALPH, J GRABBER, JH HATFIELD, RD AF RALPH, J GRABBER, JH HATFIELD, RD TI LIGNIN-FERULATE CROSS-LINKS IN GRASSES - ACTIVE INCORPORATION OF FERULATE POLYSACCHARIDE ESTERS INTO RYEGRASS LIGNINS SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN-FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; FERULATE POLYSACCHARIDE ESTERS; RYEGRASS LIGNINS; NMR; HMBC; C-13-LABELING ID SYRINGYL LIGNIN; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; HETEROGENEITY; GUAIACYL; WALLS; WHEAT AB Active incorporation of ferulate polysaccharide esters into ryegrass lignins has been demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy of uniformly C-13-labeled ryegrass. Observation, in the HMBC spectrum, of products of ferulate at its 8-position coupling with hydroxycinnamyl alcohols at the P-position (producing 8-beta'-linked structures) is proof that ferulate-lignin radical cross-coupling reactions occur in vivo. Correlations of H-alpha' (hydroxycinnamyl alcohol moiety) with guaiacyl and syringyl 1-, 2-, and 6-aromatic carbons in 8-beta' structures indicates that ferulates couple with both coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol monomers. As notable as the presence of this and other ferulate products is the absence of coupling of ferulate at its 8-position with the 5- and O-4-positions of lignin units. Such structures were significant when ferulate was biomimetically incorporated into a synthetic lignin. Since hydroxycinnamyl alcohols couple almost exclusively at their P-position in cross-coupling reactions, the 8-5' and 8-O-4' structures would only be formed by coupling with higher lignin oligomers (with no side-chain conjugation). Exclusive reaction of ferulates with lignin monomers is the first real evidence that ferulate polysaccharide esters in grasses are acting as initiation or nucleation sites for lignification and are critical entities in directing cell-wall cross-linking during plant growth and development. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR W, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 26 TC 263 Z9 268 U1 7 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 275 IS 1 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00237-N PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RX882 UT WOS:A1995RX88200016 ER PT J AU SCHNEEBERGER, RG BECRAFT, PW HAKE, S FREELING, M AF SCHNEEBERGER, RG BECRAFT, PW HAKE, S FREELING, M TI ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF THE KNOX HOMEO BOX GENE ROUGH SHEATH1 ALTERS CELL FATE IN THE MAIZE LEAF SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; PLANT; HOMEO DOMAIN; ROUGH SHEATH1; LEAF; DEVELOPMENT ID DOMINANT MORPHOLOGICAL MUTANT; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; BINDING PROTEINS; ZEA-MAYS; ARABIDOPSIS; HOMEODOMAIN; PLANTS; TRANSPOSON; KNOTTED-1; ANTIRRHINUM AB Rough sheath1 (Rs1) is a dominant mutation that alters cell fate and causes unregulated cell division and expansion in the maize leaf. A knox (Kn1 like-homeo box gene) sequence closely linked to the Rs1-O mutation was cloned and shown by transposon mutagenesis to encode the rs1 gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of the RS1 protein is highly similar to KN1 in the homeo domain but contains a unique amino terminal region. rs1 is expressed in the shoot apical meristem in a circular pattern preceding leaf initiation, but is not detectable in leaf primordia or mature leaves in normal plants. Rings of rs1 expression subtend leaf insertion sites in the shoot, and lateral organ primordia in inflorescence and floral meristems. The timing and position of rs1 expression in meristems suggests a possible role for rs1 in patterning the placement of lateral organs along the axis of the shoot. In contrast to wild type, rs1 is expressed in early leaf primordia of Rs1 mutant plants, suggesting that ectopic expression causes the mutant phenotype. Ectopic expression in Rs1-O plants suggests the lingular region is more competent to respond to rs1 than blade or sheath tissues. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32GM14578-02] NR 66 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 9 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 18 BP 2292 EP 2304 DI 10.1101/gad.9.18.2292 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RW877 UT WOS:A1995RW87700008 PM 7557382 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PHOSPHATIDIC-ACID SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-SPECIES ANALYSIS; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; FATTY-ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOYBEAN PHOSPHOLIPIDS; DIMETHYL ESTERS AB This paper reviews existing high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for the analysis of phosphatidic acid (PA) in various sample matrices. In addition to the introductory background discussion on important aspects of PA in lipid biochemistry, the review provides comprehensive coverage in the areas of derivatization techniques, detection methods, and HPLC separation techniques. Conversions of PA to suitable derivatives enhance the detection sensitivity and improve the chromatographic behavior of the analytes. Detection methods include the use of state-of-the-art detectors and are discussed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and compatibility with analytical systems. Pertinent normal-phase and reversed-phase HPLC data for PA are compiled from published methods. RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 100 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 671 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 297 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00602-2 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RW016 UT WOS:A1995RW01600013 PM 8520696 ER PT J AU SHUSTER, DE KEHRLI, ME ACKERMANN, MR AF SHUSTER, DE KEHRLI, ME ACKERMANN, MR TI NEUTROPHILIA IN MICE THAT LACK THE MURINE IL-8 RECEPTOR HOMOLOG SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY; BOVINE GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CALVES; GENETIC-DEFECT; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; CATTLE C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP SHUSTER, DE (reprint author), AMER CYANAMID CO,DEPT ANIM DISCOVERY,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5230 BP 1590 EP 1591 DI 10.1126/science.7667641 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RU813 UT WOS:A1995RU81300047 PM 7667641 ER PT J AU WAGNER, D QUAIL, PH AF WAGNER, D QUAIL, PH TI MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHROME-B IDENTIFIES A SMALL COOH-TERMINAL-DOMAIN REGION CRITICAL FOR REGULATORY ACTIVITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE REGULATORY PHOTORECEPTOR; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION ANALYSIS; REGULATORY DOMAIN ID BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; GENE; DEFICIENT; HY8 AB Overexpression of phytochrome B (phyB) in transgenic Arabidopsis results in enhanced deetiolation in red light, To define domains of phyB functionally important for its regulatory activity, we performed chemical mutagenesis of a phyB overexpressing line and screened for phenotypic revertants in red light, Four phyB-transgene-linked revertants that retain parental levels of full-length, dimeric, and spectrally normal overexpressed phyB were identified among 101 red-light-specific revertants, All carry single amino acid substitutions in the transgene-encoded phyB that reduce activity by 40- to 1000-fold compared to the nonmutagenized parent, The data indicate that the mutant molecules are fully active in photosignal perception but defective in the regulatory activity responsible for signal transfer to downstream components, All four mutations fall within a 62-residue region in the COOH-terminal domain of phyB, with two independent mutations occurring in a single amino acid, Gly-767, Accumulating evidence indicates that the identified region is a critical determinant in the regulatory function of both phyB and phyA. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 29 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 12 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 19 BP 8596 EP 8600 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8596 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RU759 UT WOS:A1995RU75900013 PM 7567981 ER PT J AU OOSUMI, T GARLICK, B BELKNAP, WR AF OOSUMI, T GARLICK, B BELKNAP, WR TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PUTATIVE TRANSPOSABLE DNA ELEMENTS IN SOLANACEOUS PLANTS AND CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GENE; EXPRESSION; MAIZE AB Several families of putative transposable elements (TrEs) in both solanaceous plants and Caenorhabditis elegans have been identified by screening the DNA data base for inverted repeated domains present in multiple copies in the genome, The elements are localized within intron and flanking regions of many genes, These elements consist of two inverted repeats flanking sequences ranging from 5 bp to >500 bp, Identification of multiple elements in which sequence conservation includes both the flanking and internal regions implies that these TrEs are capable of duplicative transposition, Two of the elements were identified in promoter regions of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) polygalacturonase and potato (Solanum tuberosum) Win1 genes, The element in the polygalacturonase promoter spans a known regulatory region. In both cases, ancestral DNA sequences, which represent potential recombination target sequences prior to insertion of the elements, have been cloned from related species, The sequences of the inverted repeated domains in plants and C, elegans show a high degree of phylogenetic conservation, While frequency of the different elements is variable, some are present in very high copy number, A member of a single C, elegans TrE family is observed approximately once every 20 kb in the genome, The abundance of the described TrEs suggests utility in the genomic analysis of these and related organisms. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. SILICON GRAPH,MT VIEW,CA 94039. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009 NR 24 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 12 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 19 BP 8886 EP 8890 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8886 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RU759 UT WOS:A1995RU75900072 PM 7568037 ER PT J AU HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA GOFF, JP KOSZEWSKI, NJ NAPOLI, JL AF HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA GOFF, JP KOSZEWSKI, NJ NAPOLI, JL TI 9,13-DI-CIS-RETINOIC ACID IS THE MAJOR CIRCULATING GEOMETRIC ISOMER OF RETINOIC ACID IN THE PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-A; RETINOID METABOLISM; RETINOID ASSAY; RETINOID ISOMERS ID NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; X-RECEPTORS; VITAMIN-A; BIOSYNTHESIS; MORPHOGENESIS; METABOLISM; BINDING; PLASMA; ALPHA AB This study examines changes in the geometric isomers of retinoic acid (RA) during late gestation and early lactation. Blood samples were collected from dairy cows at 14 days prepartum and continuing until 14 days postpartum. Assays were done using solid-phase extraction followed by quantitation of RA isomers by reverse-phase HPLC. The major RA in plasma of periparturient cows was 9,13-di-cis-RA. 9,13-Di-cis-RA was present at less than or equal to 1 ng/ml 10 days prior to parturition and was elevated to similar to 2 ng/ml by 1 day prepartum, then increased to >4 ng/ml by 1 day postpartum. 9,13-Di-cis-RA remained at similar to 4 ng/ml for at least 14 days postpartum. Plasma all-trans-RA, 13-cis-RA, and 9 cis-RA were also elevated during the periparturient period with the most pronounced changes (similar to 25-30% increase) occurring between the day of parturition and 4 days postpartum. 9,13-Di-cis-RA was 116- and 30-fold less competitive than 9-cis-RA for binding to human retinoid X receptors (hRXR)alpha and hRXR beta, respectively. Because of this relatively low affinity for the RXR, it seems that 9,13-di-cis-RA per se would contribute marginally, if at all, to the pleiotropic effects attributed to 9-cis-RA. This study establishes that profound changes in vitamin A metabolism occur in late gestation and early lactation. Because 9,13-di-cis-RA is a metabolite of 9-cis-RA, these data imply that there are dramatic fluctuations in 9-cis-RA which are more profound than other physiologically occurring RAs, particularly all-trans-RA. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV NEPHROL BONE & MINERAL METAB,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT BIOCHEM,BUFFALO,NY 14214. RP HORST, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK47883, DK47839] NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD SEP 10 PY 1995 VL 322 IS 1 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1006/abbi.1995.1457 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RU852 UT WOS:A1995RU85200029 PM 7574681 ER PT J AU RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR AF RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR TI THE GENOMIC SEQUENCE OF A VIRULENT BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS (BVDV) FROM THE TYPE-2 GENOTYPE - DETECTION OF A LARGE GENOMIC INSERTION IN A NONCYTOPATHIC BVDV SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; PESTIVIRUS GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN-E1; BORDER DISEASE; STRAIN BRESCIA; NUCLEIC-ACID; PROTEIN; REGION AB A second genotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV genotype 2 or BVDV 2, has been identified based on phylogenic analysis of sequences from the 5' untranslated region of the viral RNA. In this study, we derived the complete nucleic acid sequence of a virulent BVDV 2 virus, BVDV2-890, isolated from an animal that died of an acute uncomplicated BVDV infection. BVDV2-890 is noncytopathic in cell culture and does not produce a p80 viral polypeptide. The ORF of BVDV2-890 is 11,922 nucleotide bases long and codes for 3973 amino acids. In comparison, the ORFs of other noncytopathic pestiviruses are shorter by about 250 nucleotides. The sequence identity at the amino acid level, between BVDV2-890 and published sequences for other pestiviruses, is 74% or less. The most conserved nucleotide and amino acid sequences between BVDV2-890 and other pestiviruses are located in the region coding for the nonstructural protein p80. The least conserved are in the regions coding for the structural polypeptide gp53 and nonstructural polypeptides p54 and p58. The larger size of the BVDV2-890 ORF is due to a 228-nucleotide insertion in the portion of the genome coding for the viral polypeptide p54. The location of this insertion was upstream from those reported in cytopathic pestiviruses. This insertion was not characteristic of all of the BVDV 2 viruses or all of the virulent BVDV 2 viruses. RP RIDPATH, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 56 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 10 PY 1995 VL 212 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1451 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RV178 UT WOS:A1995RV17800005 PM 7676648 ER PT J AU LI, Y LU, ZQ BURBANK, DE KUTISH, GF ROCK, DL VANETTEN, JL AF LI, Y LU, ZQ BURBANK, DE KUTISH, GF ROCK, DL VANETTEN, JL TI ANALYSIS OF 43 KB OF THE CHLORELLA VIRUS PBCV-1 330-KB GENOME - MAP POSITIONS 45 TO 88 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; POLYMERASE-III TRANSCRIPTION; RNA CAPPING ENZYME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; PUTATIVE HELICASES; ELONGATION-FACTOR AB Forty-three kb of DNA, located at the left end (45 to 88 kb) of the 330-kb Chlorella virus PBCV-1 genome, was sequenced and analyzed. Eighty-six open reading frames (ORFs) 65 codons or longer ware identified; 47 were classified as major ORFs. These 47 major ORFs are densely packed on both strands of PBCV-1 DNA Seventeen of these major ORFs resemble genes in the sequence databases, including three putative gene products involved in manipulating sugars (glucosamine synthetase, GDP-D-mannose dehydratase, and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase), two transcription factors, beta-1,3-glucanase, aspartate transcarbamylase, ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase, RNA guanyl transferase, an exonuclease, and a helicase. This is the first time some of these putative PBCV-1 genes have been found in a virus genome. One of the transcription factor-like genes contains a type IB self-splicing intron. Since a spliceosomal processed intron was reported previously in the PBCV-1 DNA polymerase gene, PBCV-1 is the first virus known to contain two different types of introns. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, NAA, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-32441] NR 89 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 10 PY 1995 VL 212 IS 1 BP 134 EP 150 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1462 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA RV178 UT WOS:A1995RV17800016 PM 7676624 ER PT J AU RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR AF RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR TI DELAYED-ONSET POSTVACCINAL MUCOSAL DISEASE AS A RESULT OF GENETIC-RECOMBINATION BETWEEN GENOTYPE-1 AND GENOTYPE-2 BVDV SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; VIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; CATTLE; UBIQUITIN; POLYPROTEIN; EXPRESSION; INSERTIONS AB Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) are segregated into two genotypes, BVDV 1 and BVDV 2. Viruses within both genotypes may exist as one of two biotypes, cytopathic or noncytopathic. A highly fatal form of BVDV termed mucosal disease (Mo) occurs when an animal persistently infected with noncytopathic BVDV becomes superinfected with cytopathic BVDV. In this study, we characterized a noncytopathic (BVDV2-125nc)/cytopathic (BVDV2-125c) viral pair isolated from an animal that died of MD 3 months after vaccination with modified-live BVDV1-NADL. In comparison to BVDV2-125nc, BVDV2-125c contained a 366-nucleotide insertion. The insertion was in the correct reading frame for the large open reading frame of the BVDV genome and occurred in the portion of the genome that codes for the p125 viral polypeptide. There was a 99% identity between the inserted sequences found in BVDV2-125c and sequences from the vaccine virus BVDV1-NADL. These data suggest that MD was induced after a recombination between noncytopathic BVDV2-125nc and cytopathic vaccine virus BVDV1-NADL created the cytopathic virus BVDV2-125c. RP RIDPATH, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 10 PY 1995 VL 212 IS 1 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1480 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA RV178 UT WOS:A1995RV17800034 PM 7676642 ER PT J AU KIECKHEFER, RW GELLNER, JL RIEDELL, WE AF KIECKHEFER, RW GELLNER, JL RIEDELL, WE TI EVALUATION OF THE APHID-DAY STANDARD AS A PREDICTOR OF YIELD LOSS CAUSED BY CEREAL APHIDS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLANT-RESPONSE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; WINTER-WHEAT; HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; BARLEY; INFESTATION; DAMAGE; STRESS AB Accurate prediction of yield loss caused by cereal aphids in small grains involves assessment of the aphid population density on plants, the duration of their feeding, and the growth stage of the crop at the time of feeding. In this research, aphid-day (one aphid feeding on one plant for 24 h) unitage was used as a standard to compare the effects of feeding by greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and bird cherry-oat aphid (BCO), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), on the growth and yield of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., to measure the degree of additivity of yield loss caused by aphid feeding on the same plants at several stages of plant growth, and to evaluate the adequacy of the aphid-day standard as a predictor of yield loss. Results of greenhouse experiments with a scaled series of aphid-day components (150 aphids x 2 d; 75 x 4 d; 50 x 6 d; 25 x 12 d) of equal total value (300 aphid-days) showed that the three aphid species were similarly damaging to yield but that for RWA and BCO the 25 x 12 d combination was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) more damaging than the other aphid-day treatments for those species. The administration of escalating aphid-day dosages to plants concomitant with advancing plant growth stages (two-leaf, 300 aphid-days; four-leaf, 400 aphid-days; two-leaf + four-leaf, 700 aphid-days; boot, 1200 aphid-days; two-leaf + boot, 1500 aphid-days; milk, 200 aphid-days; two-leaf + milk, 2300 aphid-days) revealed that yield loss caused by aphid feeding at two plant growth stages was usually significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) greater than that at a single stage, but was not fully additive simply as the arithmetic sum of the yield losses at the two stages. Yield losses due to aphid feeding (expressed as milligrams per 100 aphid-days) declined precipitously with advancing plant growth stage. These results show that the aphid-day unitage, properly interpreted in relation to the aphid species involved and the growth stage of the crop, is a useful predictor of grain yield loss at harvest. Relating cumulative aphid-days at successive plant growth stages to ultimate yield loss enables producers to make informed decisions about the need for and timing of rescue chemical treatments. C1 DICKINSON SCH LAW,CARLISLE,PA 17013. RP KIECKHEFER, RW (reprint author), US ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RR3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 785 EP 788 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400001 ER PT J AU MCCARTY, JC JENKINS, JN AF MCCARTY, JC JENKINS, JN TI PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL COTTON CULTIVARS UNDER ELEVATED DENSITIES OF TOBACCO BUDWORM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB The development of improved cultivars is essential for continued economic production of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Information is limited on how different cotton cultivars compare under elevated densities of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), an economically important cotton pest. Seven field tests were conducted between 1988 and 1992 to evaluate cotton cultivars grown under elevated densities of tobacco budworm (TBW), Cultivars were grown under two regimes: (i) artificial elevated infestation, w/TBW, and (ii) elimination of tobacco budworm, w/o TBW. Elevated densities of TBW (w/TBW) significantly reduced yields compared with w/o TBW, but reduction varied among years and tests. The regression equation for lint yield w/TBW on lint yield w/o TBW was Y = -111.0 + 0.6X. Thus, for every 1.0 kg of lint yield increase per hectare due to cultivar improvement, the corresponding increase under artificial TBW infestation was only 0.6 kg. The regression coefficient for lint percentage on lint yield w/o TBW was Y = 30.85 + 0.006X. These data show that cotton breeders have developed high-yielding cultivars, but that progress is still needed in the development of resistance to the tobacco budworm injury. They also show that, as cultivars with higher yield potential were developed, these cultivars were better able to tolerate damage by the tobacco budworm, The parity between yield increase per se and yield under elevated densities of tobacco budworm is not 1.0:1.0, but rather 1.0:0.6. This is a useful and practical level of parity. RP MCCARTY, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 804 EP 807 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400004 ER PT J AU SHARRATT, BS FLERCHINGER, GN AF SHARRATT, BS FLERCHINGER, GN TI STRAW COLOR FOR ALTERING SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND MEAT FLUX IN THE SUB-ARCTIC SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE; HEAT; STUBBLE; TILLAGE; SYSTEM; WHEAT; MODEL AB In the Subarctic, straw management methods are needed that improve the early season soil thermal environment of conservation tillage systems. This study determined whether soil heat and water flux are influenced by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw color, Surface temperatures, thaw depth, and latent, sensible, and soil heat flux were ascertained for soil-black straw soil-white straw and soil-natural straw surfaces during the spring of 1988 to 1990 at Fairbanks, AK. Daily soil temperatures at 0.05 m, soil surface heat flux, and thaw depth were as much as 0.5 degrees C, 0.5 MJ m(-2), and 10 mm greater, respectively, for the black straw than for the other straw color treatments, An atmosphere-snow-straw-soil, system model predicted greater absorption of radiation by the soil-black straw surface, although the percentage of net radiation partitioned to soil heat was lower for the soil-black straw surface than for the soil-natural straw and soil-white straw surfaces. Simulation indicated that straw color did not influence the proportion of absorbed radiation utilized in latent heat Aux, but the black straw treatment had the greatest percentage of net radiation partitioned into sensible heat flux, Although the soil thermal environment was slightly altered by changing straw color, managing straw color in conservation tillage systems may aid little in optimizing the thermal regime of subarctic soils unless methods are employed to minimize sensible heat loss from the soil-straw surface. C1 USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83712. RP SHARRATT, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 814 EP 819 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400006 ER PT J AU REDDY, KR HODGES, HF MCKINION, JM AF REDDY, KR HODGES, HF MCKINION, JM TI CARBON-DIOXIDE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON PIMA COTTON DEVELOPMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; PLANTS AB Predicting plant responses to changing atmospheric CO2 and to the possible global warming are important concerns. Effects of CO2 on developmental events are poorly documented, as is the interaction of CO2 and other major climate variables on crop development. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of an altered CO2 environment and interactions of CO2 and temperature on pima cotton developmental rates. Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cv. S-6) was grown from seed in sun-lit plant growth chambers. Air temperatures were controlled from 20/12 to 40/32 degrees C (day/night) in 5-degree increments. Daytime CO2 was maintained at 350 or 700 mu L L(-1). In a second experiment, the temperature was maintained at 30/22 degrees C day/night and the plants were grown in 350, 450, or 700 mu L L(-1) CO2. Days required to develop nodes on the mainstem, days from emergence to first square, number of vegetative and fruiting branches, number of fruiting sites produced, number of bells and squares produced, and number of bells and squares retained by the plants were determined. Rates of mainstem node formation and the time required to produce the first square and first flower were not sensitive to atmospheric CO2, but were very sensitive to temperature. Prefruiting branch nodal positions required longer to develop than nodes with fruiting branches. Carbon dioxide levels did not affect the time required to produce nodes. Number of branches produced was sensitive to both temperature and CO2. The larger number of bells set on the lower branches of plants grown at high CO2 provided a larger sink for photosynthate than plants grown at low CO2. This may be the reason for the observed reduction in number of fruit at the upper nodes of high-CO2-grown plants. More bells and squares were produced and retained on plants grown in high-CO2 environments, except that none were produced in either CO2 environment at 40/32 degrees C. Our results indicate that high-temperature-tolerant cotton cultivars would be more productive in the present-day CO2 world, and they would be essential in the future if global temperature increases. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400007 ER PT J AU STALEY, TE PERRY, HD AF STALEY, TE PERRY, HD TI MAIZE SILAGE UTILIZATION OF FERTILIZER AND SOIL-NITROGEN ON A HILL-LAND ULTISOL RELATIVE TO TILLAGE METHOD SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; CORN PRODUCTION; USE EFFICIENCY; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; CULTURE; RATES; WHEAT AB Few studies have compared N utilization by maize (Zea ways L.) under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) in the Appalachian region. Silage production (TDM) and fertilizer N and soil N uptake, were investigated in a 3-yr study on a Gilpin silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) in West Virginia previously cropped to pasture. N-15-depleted N fertilizer was band-applied, within-row; at 0, 56, 112, and 224 kg N ha(-1), 4 wk after planting. Tillage method did not affect silage production, N concentration or total N uptake at any N rate. Maximal silage production under NT (13.2 Mg ha(-1)) was calculated to require just 24 kg ha(-1) more fertilizer N than under CT (12.6 Mg ha(-1)). Fertilizer N uptake (kg ha(-1)) was similarly unaffected by tillage method, with annual fertilizer N use efficiencies (% recovery) of 55, 54, and 49% under NT, and 57, 57, and 48% under CT, at application rates of 54 112, and 224 kg ha(-1), respectively. Similar percentages for cumulative fertilizer N use efficiencies, which account for any labeled N carried over from year to year, suggest that there was little residuum available to the crop, particularly at near-optimal N rates. Soil N uptake decreased by 17% with N additions below (56 kg ha(-1)) or above (224 kg ha(-1)) the optimum, but was generally unaffected by tillage method. These similarities between NT and CT for maize silage production and N use, despite using a management system contrived to show differences, emphasize the importance of edaphic and climatological factors in predicting N responses under various tillage methods. Nonetheless, these results show that reasonably high levels of silage can be produced without excessive fertilizer N requirements (approximate to 170 kg N ha(-1)) or losses (<50%) when pastures are converted to NT maize. RP STALEY, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 835 EP 842 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400009 ER PT J AU WIENHOLD, BJ TROOIEN, TP REICHMAN, GA AF WIENHOLD, BJ TROOIEN, TP REICHMAN, GA TI YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATED CORN IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL DRAINAGE; FERTILIZER; SOIL; SUBSOILS; DAKOTA AB Nitrogen and water are the two most common limitations to crop production in the semiarid northern Great Plains. Little is known about N use efficiency by irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) in this region. A study was conducted to determine how irrigation and N fertility levels affect growth and N use efficiency by corn. Corn was grown under three irrigation levels: precipitation plus irrigation equal to one, two, and three times the calculated evapotranspiration (ET) rate. Fertilizer use efficiency was determined using N-15-enriched fertilizer applied at rates equivalent to 100 and 200 kg N ha(-1). Grain and dry matter yields, N content, and utilization of fertilizer N all exhibited yearly variations, probably the result of annual weather patterns, especially temperature. For years when temperatures during the growing season were below the 30-yr average and affected corn growth, there were no differences in yields and N content between the two fertility levels. For years when temperatures during the growing season were warm enough for favorable growth, corn responded to increasing N fertility with 60% greater yields, 75% greater N content, and 60% greater percentage N derived from fertilizer with the higher N fertility treatment. Averaged across rates, grain utilized 35% and stover an additional 15% of the applied fertilizer, while 30% remained in the upper 0.6 m of the soil profile at the end of the growing season. Twenty percent of the applied fertilizer could not be accounted for, lost to leaching or denitrification. Supplemental irrigation and N fertilization are viable management practices available to producers in the semiarid northern Great Plains. RP WIENHOLD, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 842 EP 846 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400010 ER PT J AU REEVES, DW MULLINS, GL AF REEVES, DW MULLINS, GL TI SUBSOILING AND POTASSIUM PLACEMENT EFFECTS ON WATER RELATIONS AND YIELD OF COTTON SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL POTASSIUM AB Deep placement of K fertilizer may alleviate late-season K deficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on soils adequate in surface soil K but low in subsoil K. This 2-yr study in Alabama evaluated effects of deep tillage (in-row subsoiling) and K fertilizer placement on yield, leaf K deficiency, soil water depletion, and stomatal conductance of cotton grown on a soil with a root-restricting hardpan. The Norfolk sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudults) soil tested medium for K in the top 15 cm and low at greater depths. Treatments were: (i) no K, no subsoiling; (ii) no K, subsoiled; (iii) surface application (84 kg K ha(-1)), no subsoiling; (iv) surface application, subsoiled; and (v) deep placement in the subsoiled channel. Surface application without subsoiling resulted in the greatest soil water content (0- to 80-cm depth); deep placement, the lowest. Stomatal conductance was highest with no-K, no subsoiling and lowest with K (surface or deep), subsoiled. There was no evidence of K or drought stress-induced stomatal closure, and stomatal closure was not related to severity of leaf K deficiency. All three K treatments increased leaf K concentration at early bloom. Subsoiling without K fertilizer increased plant size and severity of leaf K deficiency; with surface K, subsoiling more than doubled total leaf area but did not affect leaf K deficiency. Within subsoiled treatments, leaf K deficiency was more severe with deep placement of K than with surface application. Subsoiling, especially with K fertilizer, maximized seed cotton yield in both years (avg. 3261 kg ha(-1)) but reduced stomatal conductance. Stomatal closure and premature leaf senescence are not the likely mechanism for late-season leaf K-deficiency in cotton. Although subsoiling was necessary to maximize cotton yields on this Coastal Plain soil with a root-restricting hardpan, deep placement of K fertilizer was not superior to surface application. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP REEVES, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 847 EP 852 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400011 ER PT J AU THOMAS, AL KASPAR, TC AF THOMAS, AL KASPAR, TC TI MAIZE NODAL ROOT RESPONSE TO SOIL RIDGING AND 3 TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORN GROWTH; ZEA-MAYS; TEMPERATURE; MORPHOLOGY; DAMAGE AB A greater understanding of maize (Zea,nays L.) nodal root response to soil ridging and tillage systems is needed to maximize the benefits of ridge-till and other conservation tillage systems. Field (1992 and 1993 near Marshalltown, IA) and greenhouse (two studies with two trials each) experiments were conducted to examine the effect of soil ridging, height of ridging, and three tillage systems (no-till, ridge-till, and chisel-plow) on the number and stem node position of maize nodal roots and on internode length. Field plants were ridged during cultivation. In the greenhouse, ridging was simulated by using polyvinyl chloride rings to hold soil around the base of plants. Numbers of nodal roots, numbers of nodes developing functional roots, internode lengths, shoot dry weights, and grain yields (field study) were determined. In one greenhouse experiment, unridged plants developed an average of 38.4 functional nodal roots, while ridged plants developed 50.0, an increase of 30%. In the same greenhouse experiment, ridging significantly increased lengths of Internodes 6 and 7, which were covered with soil during ridging. Average length of Internode 7 increased from 64 mm to 101 mm with ridging. Increasing ridge height increased internode length and number of nodal roots in the controlled greenhouse experiments, but not in the field. In field experiments, ridge-till caused development of significantly more functional nodal roots as compared with no-till (1992 and 1993) and chisel-plow (1992). Plants from no-till developed 53.1 and 46.0 functional nodal roots in 1992 and 1993, respectively, while plants from ridge-till developed 58.7 and 49.1 roots. Shoot dry might and grain yield were not affected by ridging or tillage treatments in the greenhouse or field. C1 MISSOURI BOT GARDEN,CTR PLANT CONSERVAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63166. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 853 EP 858 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400012 ER PT J AU LORY, JA RUSSELLE, MP RANDALL, GW AF LORY, JA RUSSELLE, MP RANDALL, GW TI A CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM FOR FACTORS AFFECTING CROP RESPONSE TO NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Crop response to N fertilizer (N-f) is influenced by factors such as N-f management, soil type, crop sequence, and supply of residual and mineralized N, but there is no framework to define the best strategy to account for a given factor in an N-f recommendation. This paper describes a three-component classification system for evaluating the effect of any factor on yield response to N-f. This system provides (i) a vocabulary to describe clearly the effect of a factor on N-f recommendations, and (ii) insight on how to adjust N-f recommendations for the effect. Factors that affect yield response to N-f but not to N supply (N-s) were classified as shift effects (i.e., movement of a response curve in the x and/or y direction, with no change in coefficients of curvature). Factors that interact with N-f and N-s response were classified as interaction effects. Nitrogen supply was defined as the sum of aboveground plant N content of the control (0 N applied) plot, postharvest fall NO3- in the surface 1.5 m of the control plot, and N-f applied. Two 2-yr experiments were conducted at Rosemount and Waseca, MN, to compare N-f response of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) with that of first- and then second-year corn following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). We used the classification system to evaluate effects of crop sequence, year, and location on corn yield response to N-f. Year and crop sequence effects at Rosemount were primarily shift effects, implying that quantifying the effect on Ns would be sufficient to account for these effects on N-s recommendations. In contrast, the interaction model predominated at Waseca. Consequently, at this location simple adjustments of Ns were not sufficient to account for the complexity of crop sequence effects on N-f recommendations. This classification system facilitates the organization, evaluation, and communication of the many factors that influence crop yield. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. SO FOREST EXPT STN,WASECA,MN 56093. RP LORY, JA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER CONSERV RES UNIT,119 KEIM HALL E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 869 EP 876 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400015 ER PT J AU LORY, JA RANDALL, GW RUSSELLE, MP AF LORY, JA RANDALL, GW RUSSELLE, MP TI CROP SEQUENCE EFFECTS ON RESPONSE OF CORN AND SOIL INORGANIC NITROGEN TO FERTILIZER AND MANURE NITROGEN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA; NITRATE; LEGUME; YIELD AB Fertilizer N and manure frequently are applied to corn (Zea mays L.) grown after alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at rates similar to those applied to continuous corn, although corn following alfalfa typically requires little additional N to attain maximum dry matter. Consequently, similar amounts of applied N may affect soil NO3 differently in rotational than in continuous corn. There is little information evaluating crop sequence effects on residual soil NO3 derived from fertilizer N and manure. In two 2-yr experiments at two locations in Minnesota, we evaluated the effect of crop sequence on response of corn grain dry matter, grain N, and stover N, and of soil inorganic N (NO3-N and NH4-N) to fertilizer N and dairy manure, Grain dry matter of first-year corn following alfalfa did not respond to applied N at Rosemount and typically was less responsive than continuous corn at Waseca. Crop sequence effects on soil NO3 response to manure and fertilizer N were similar. Preplant fertilizer N application of 157 kg ha(-1) increased residual soil NO3-N the following spring an average of 45 kg ha(-1) more in first-year corn following alfalfa than in continuous corn, except when excessive precipitation caused apparent high losses of applied N. Grain N content and soil Nos responded similarly to fertilizer N in both second-year corn following alfalfa and continuous corn. Efforts to reduce the buildup and potential loss of soil NO3 in the corn portion of alfalfa-corn rotations should focus on reducing N application to first-year corn following alfalfa. These N applications have little agronomic value and can dramatically increase residual soil NO3. C1 SO EXP STN,WASECA,MN 56093. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LORY, JA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER CONSERV RES UNIT,119 KEIM HALL E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 876 EP 883 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400016 ER PT J AU NICKEL, SE CROOKSTON, RK RUSSELLE, MP AF NICKEL, SE CROOKSTON, RK RUSSELLE, MP TI ROOT-GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION ARE AFFECTED BY CORN-SOYBEAN CROPPING SEQUENCE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD DECLINE; PATTERNS; LENGTH AB Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine war (L.) Merr.] yield better when grown in rotation than when grown in monoculture, even under high inputs. The explanation for this yield increase due to rotation is not yet known, The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cropping sequence on seasonal root development of corn and soybean. We hypothesized that there would be more roots on rotated crops than on crops held in a continuous monoculture. The research was conducted in 1991 and 1992 at the Univ. of Minnesota Southwest Experiment Station on a Webster clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll), Destructive root sampling via soil cores was performed at the seedling and flowering stages of both crops. Nondestructive root monitoring was performed weekly and recorded on video cassette tapes via an agricultural research video camera inserted into minirhizotron tubes that had been placed into the soil beneath crop rows. Our hypothesis that there would be more roots on first-year corn than continuous corn was generally supported. Minirhizotron monitoring suggested that corn grown in rotation had greater Foot length density than continuous corn, with the exception of the top 12.5 cm, where continuous corn had greater root length density early in the season. Soil cores confirmed 22% more seedling roots in the top 12.5 cm on continuous corn, Our hypothesis that there would be more roots on first-year soybean than continuous soybean was generally not supported, Minirhizotron monitoring indicated that when there were differences, continuous soybean had more roots than rotated soybean, with the single exception of depths of 37.5 to 50 cm, where rotated soybean had more than twice as many roots at flowering in 1992. Root length density data obtained from soil cores also indicated that rotated soybean had approximately twice as many roots at depths of 36 and 48 cm at flowering., Growth and distribution of both corn and soybean roots were thus affected by cropping sequence, Fewer roots in continuous corn may have been the result of autotoxins from decomposing roots of the previous corn crop. We do not have an explanation for increased soybean roots under monoculture. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 895 EP 902 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400020 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, MT WILLIAMS, MJ HAMMOND, AC FRANK, JH CHAMBLISS, CG AF AUSTIN, MT WILLIAMS, MJ HAMMOND, AC FRANK, JH CHAMBLISS, CG TI ESTABLISHMENT, FORAGE PRODUCTION, AND NUTRITIVE-VALUE OF LEUCAENA IN CENTRAL FLORIDA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Tree and shrub legumes are increasingly being recommended for forage use in the tropics and subtropics. A forage production trial to evaluate members of the genus Leucaena varying in their level of resistance to the leucaena psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford, was conducted for 3 yr at the USDA-ARS Subtropical Agricultural Research Station in central Florida. A total of eight selections (one or more of L. leucocephala, L. pallida, or L. esculenta, and hybrids L. diversifolia x L. pallida, L. pallida x L. leucocephala, and L. diversifolia x L. leucocephala) were evaluated for establishment, winter survival, total dry matter DM), edible DM (stems < 6 mm diam. + leaves), percentage of edible DM, and N and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) concentration of the edible DM. Seedlings were transplanted in a double hedgerow pattern (two rows 1 m apart, with 0.25 m within-row spacing) in Blichton loamy fine sand (Arenic Plinthic Paleaquult) in June 1989. Winter survival of the selections ranged from 48 to 62% and did not differ among selections. The three L. leucocephala selections had the highest edible DM yields averaging 14 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) DM in yr 2 and 3. Nitrogen concentration ranged from 31 to 49 g kg(-1) and IVOMD concentration from 350 to 560 g kg(-1), with the L. leucocephala selections exhibiting the highest IVOMD. Leucaena esculenta had lower levels of both N and IVOMD concentration, averaging 37 and 380 g kg(-1), respectively. Based on yield and nutritive value, L. leucocephala selections K584 and K636, although having less psyllid resistance than the hybrids or other species, appear to be better suited for central Florida. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT AGRON & SOIL SCI,HONOLULU,HI 96826. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 915 EP 920 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400023 ER PT J AU HASKETT, JD PACHEPSKY, YA ACOCK, B AF HASKETT, JD PACHEPSKY, YA ACOCK, B TI ESTIMATION OF SOYBEAN YIELDS AT COUNTY AND STATE LEVELS USING GLYCIM - A CASE-STUDY FOR IOWA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER; SIMULATION; MODELS AB Global climate change could have a significant impact on important food crops such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. To assess the impact of these environmental changes, estimates of crop yields are needed, with special reference to regional responses in key production areas. The objective of this study was to examine the performance of the GLYCIM soybean crop model in modeling regional soybean yields in Iowa at the state and county level, over a 20-yr period. The GLYCIM model has been extended to run for multiple years and combined with aggregations of soil and weather data to provide simulation over large areas, Soils data were aggregated to the soil association level in 18 sample counties so as to provide two-county data sets in each Crop Reporting District (CRD). Weather files for each CRD spanning the period 1972 to 1991 were used to provide current climate information. Simulation runs were made for each year and county. Statewide yields were estimated as an average of county yields. Statistical measures of simulation success indicated that, using aggregated characteristics, the model was best able to simulate the 20-yr mean yield at the state and county level, as well as long-term yield variability. Poorer results of modeling yields in particular years were obtained. This validation establishes the model's ability to simulate long-term yield averages under current conditions, and lays the groundwork for future simulations using altered climate scenarios. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP HASKETT, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BARCW,NRI SYST RES LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 008,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 926 EP 931 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400025 ER PT J AU BLANCHET, KM GEORGE, JR GETTLE, RM BUXTON, DR MOORE, KJ AF BLANCHET, KM GEORGE, JR GETTLE, RM BUXTON, DR MOORE, KJ TI ESTABLISHMENT AND PERSISTENCE OF LEGUMES INTERSEEDED INTO SWITCHGRASS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN TRANSFER; BIG BLUESTEM; MIXTURES; ALFALFA; GRASS; PERFORMANCE; INDIANGRASS; STANDS; YIELD AB Little information is available for renovation of established switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with cool-season forage legumes. Field experiments were conducted to determine seeding success, persistence, and impact on grass when 10 forage legumes and a legume mixture were no-till interseeded into established 'Cave-in-Rock' switchgrass near Ames, IA. Legumes interseeded in early April 1991 and 1992 were biennial 'Polara' white-flowered sweetclover (Melilotus alba Medik.) and 'B Madrid' yellow-flowered sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis Lam.), 'Norcen' and 'Fergus' birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), 'Apollo Supreme' and 'Alfagraze' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Mammoth and 'Redland II' red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), 'Emerald' crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.), common hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), and a 50:50 mixture of Norcen trefoil and medium red clover. Legume renovation was compared with grass fertilized with N at 0, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha(-1). Excellent legume establishment was observed in June, about 2.5 mo after interseedings, with mean legume plant density of 195 and 163 plants m(-2) for 1991 and 1992 seedings, respectively. Both alfalfa cultivars and hairy vetch had highest percentage establishment. Average legume persistence to June of the second year was nearly 50% for 1991 and 30% for 1992 seedings (less in 1992 because of greater winter losses). Grass stem density during the establishment year was not affected by legume renovation. Decline in grass stems during the second gear was greatest for trefoil and the trefoil-red clover mixture, and intermediate for alfalfa and red clover, with minimal to no effect for the sweetclovers, crownvetch, and hairy vetch. Hence, legumes can be successfully established into switchgrass and can be maintained into the second year. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 935 EP 941 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400027 ER PT J AU PETTIGREW, WT AF PETTIGREW, WT TI SOURCE-TO-SINK MANIPULATION EFFECTS ON COTTON FIBER QUALITY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality varies considerably among years and locations depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. These environmental conditions often affect the assimilate source/reproductive sink ratio of the developing crop. This study investigated the effects of various source-sink manipulations on cotton fiber quality at various times during the growing season. In 1991 and 1992, field studies were conducted in which six source-sink manipulation treatments (partial defruited, partial leaf pruned, reflectors, open canopy, shaded plot, and an untreated control) were imposed on the cotton genotypes 'DES 119: 'DPL 5690: and 'Prema', Blooms at anthesis were tagged on four dates each gear, and the seed cotton was harvested when these boils had opened. This seed cotton was then ginned, and fiber quality traits were determined. The shaded plot treatment reduced fiber strength 6% compared with the control, Fiber from the shaded plot treatment was about 2% longer than the control when the shade was applied within the first 7 d of fiber development. The micronaire value was decreased 7% from the control when the shade was applied during the period of fiber development when the fiber secondary cell wall is being deposited, The partial defruited treatment consistently produced about 8% greater micronaire than the control, Fiber from the partial leaf pruned and shaded plot treatment (low source-to-sink ratio) averaged 11% lower micronaire than the open canopy and partial defruited treatment (high source-to-sink ratio) on the first tagging date. On the third tagging date, fiber maturity, a component of micronaire, for the partial defruited treatment was 6% greater than the control. None of the treatments significantly altered fiber elongation or perimeter. These data indicate that alterations in the light intensity or carbon assimilate supply can affect the quality of cotton fiber produced, particularly fiber strength and micronaire. RP PETTIGREW, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 947 EP 952 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400029 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, ME MORRIS, DR ACKERSON, BA BLOUIN, DC AF MCCORMICK, ME MORRIS, DR ACKERSON, BA BLOUIN, DC TI RATOON CROPPING FORAGE SORGHUM FOR SILAGE - YIELD, FERMENTATION, AND NUTRITION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN AB Two field experiments were conducted on Lexington silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Paleudalf) to identify a harvest regime that would improve the nutritive value of ensiled whole-plant sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] while maintaining silage yield. In a 1-yr preliminary study, first-cut sorghum was harvested at mid-vegetative, late-vegetative, boot, bloom, and hard-dough stages of maturity. Regrowth was harvested in late August. In a 2-yr experiment, yield, ensiling losses, intake, and in vivo apparent digestibility of vegetative sorghum (initial and ratoon cuts wilted 24 h) were compared with direct cut hard-dough-stage sorghum. Forages were stored in 1.8-Mg-capacity (fresh wt.) experimental sites and, upon opening, were fed to lambs (Ovis aries). Results from the preliminary experiment indicated that dry matter (DM) yield of first-cut sorghum was greatest at the hard-dough stage; however, nutritional value was greatest for the mid-vegetative stage. Maximum yield for the combined harvests was obtained when first harvest was made at boot stage, The 2-yr experiment average DM yields were 7.3 Mg ha(-1) for combined initial (mid-vegetative stage) and ratoon crops, compared with 6.7 Mg ha(-1) for the single hard-dough-stage harvest. Ensiling losses did not differ with harvest regime. Vegetative sorghum was more digestible than sorghum harvested at the hard-dough stage (670 vs, 570 g kg(-1)). These studies suggest that sorghum harvested twice per season (with wilting) will produce a higher quality silage than a single hard-dough stage cutting, without yield reduction. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT EXPTL STAT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP MCCORMICK, ME (reprint author), LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,PO DRAWER 567,FRANKLINTON,LA 70438, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 952 EP 957 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400030 ER PT J AU BELESKY, DP FEDDERS, JM AF BELESKY, DP FEDDERS, JM TI COMPARATIVE GROWTH ANALYSIS OF COOL-SEASON AND WARM-SEASON GRASSES IN A COOL-TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; C-4 GRASSES; TALL FESCUE; NITROGEN; SWITCHGRASS; C3; REASSESSMENT; PLANTS; SOIL AB Using both cool-season (C-3) and warm-season (C-4) species is a viable means of optimizing herbage productivity over varying climatic conditions in temperate environments. Despite well-documented differences in water, N, and radiation use, no consistent evidence demonstrates productivity differences among C-3 and C-4 perennial grass species under identical management. A field study was conducted to determine relative growth rates (RGR), nitrogen productivity (NP), and mean radiation productivity (RP) (dry matter production as a function of incident radiation) of cool- and warm-season grasses managed identically. Results were used to identify management practices that could lead to optimal productivity in combinations or mixtures of cool- and warm-season grasses. Dry matter yields of warm-season grasses equaled or surpassed those of cool-season grasses, despite a 40% shorter growth interval. Certain cool- and warm-season grasses appear to be suitable for use in mixtures, based on distribution of herbage production; however, actual compatibility may be altered by defoliation management. Relative growth rates varied among years and were about 40% lower for canopies clipped to a 10-cm residue height each time 20-cm of growth accumulated compared with other treatments. The RGR of warm-season grasses was twice that of cool-season grasses. Nitrogen productivity (g DM g(-1) N d(-1)) and mean radiation productivity (g DM MJ(-1)) for warm-season grasses was also more than twice that of cool-season grasses. Radiation productivity of cool-season grasses was dependent on N, while this was not always the case for warm-season grasses. The superior production capability of certain warm-season compared with cool-season grasses in a cool-temperate environment can be sustained under a range of defoliation treatments and demonstrates suitability for use in frequently defoliated situations. RP BELESKY, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 974 EP 980 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400034 ER PT J AU HEITHOLT, JJ AF HEITHOLT, JJ TI COTTON FLOWERING AND ROLL RETENTION IN DIFFERENT PLANTING CONFIGURATIONS AND LEAF SHAPES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NARROW-ROW COTTON; LINT YIELD; BOLL RETENTION; GROWTH; CULTIVARS AB Narrow rows have the potential to increase boil numbers and lint yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) compared with conventional row spacing. To optimize production in this system, it is important to know whether narrow-row-induced boil number increases are a result of increased seasonal flowering or increased boil retention. The objective of this study was to determine flower production (no, m(-2)), boil retention [(bolls/flowers) x 100], main stem node number, and yield as affected by row spacing and plant density. Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 on a Bosket fine sandy loam in narrow (51 or 76 cm) and wide rows (102 cm) using the normal- and okra-leaf isolines of DES 24-8 ne cotton. Plant densities were 5, 10, 15, and 20 plants -2 in 1991 and 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15 plants m(-2) in 1992. Averaged across leaf types and plant densities, 51-cm rows increased the number of flowers by 12% and yield by 4% compared with 102-cm rows in 1991. Poll retention was 40% for both row spacings. In 1992, averaged across leaf types and plant densities, 76-cm rows increased the number of flowers by 21% and yield by 6% compared with 102-cm rows. Boil retention was actually higher in 102-cm rows (42%) than 76-cm rows (36%). In general, plant density and the number of main stem nodes had little effect on flower numbers or boil retention. High plant densities tended to reduce the number of main stem nodes per plant. Averaged across row spacings, plant densities, and years, boil retention for normal-leaf was higher than for okra-leaf (50 vs. 29%). Results indicate that increased flower production rather than increased boil retention was responsible for the small narrow-row yield increase. RP HEITHOLT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 994 EP 998 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400037 ER PT J AU JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA AF JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA TI PLANTING AND HARVEST DATE EFFECTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ROOT/SHOOT QUOTIENT OF 4 BRASSICA CULTIVARS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAPE; QUALITY; HYBRIDS; TILLAGE; TURNIP AB Summer-planted turnip (Brassica rapa L.) is a highly productive crop, and may allow farmers to extend the grazing season and tower animal production costs. A field study was conducted to determine the influence of planting date and harvest date on morphological development and productivity of leafy plants like turnip in late fall. Turnip and a spinach x mustard hybrid were seeded in rows on Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs), using a factorial treatment structure (6 planting dates x 4 cultivars) in a split-plot design, with planting date as whole plot, cultivar as subplot, and four replicates. Three to six harvest dates were used, depending on planting date, resulting in an overall incomplete factorial treatment structure. Mean yield of all cultivars with optimal planting date-harvest date combinations was 11.5 Mg ha(-1) without severe foliar disease and 9.7 Mg ha(-1) with alternaria leaf spot (caused by Alternaria spp.). The interaction of planting date and harvest date on morphological development depended on resource allocation characteristics of the cultivar for top and root production. Delay of planting from late July to late August decreased top and root production more in 1990 than 1989. An optimum harvest date for maximizing fall top yield occurred each year regardless of planting date. Root yields increased in November and early December, whereas top yields did not. In general, total yields were high for crops planted in late July and harvested in late October or early November. Top/root quotient (top yield divided by root yield) was increased by delaying summer planting, and decreased by delaying fall harvest. Savanna had the highest, and Purple Top had the lowest top/root quotient. Turnip offers very high production potential for late-fall grazing, with a wide range of top/root yields. C1 USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1010 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TB504 UT WOS:A1995TB50400039 ER PT J AU DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G BUCHMANN, S AF DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G BUCHMANN, S TI SOME NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE POLLINATION OF HYBRID SUNFLOWERS SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 135 IS 9 BP 628 EP 629 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RT218 UT WOS:A1995RT21800019 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, DC GRAHAM, JH BYRD, DW MCARTHUR, ED TURNER, WA AF FREEMAN, DC GRAHAM, JH BYRD, DW MCARTHUR, ED TURNER, WA TI NARROW HYBRID ZONE BETWEEN 2 SUBSPECIES OF BIG SAGEBRUSH, ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA (ASTERACEAE) .3. DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID GRASSHOPPER PODISMA-PEDESTRIS; RISDONII HOOK-F; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; AMYGDALINA LABILL; GENETIC-BASIS; STABILITY; HYBRIDIZATION; EVOLUTIONARY; POPULATIONS; INDICATOR AB Stable hybrid zones are believed to occur because gene dispersal is opposed by selection, but the nature of this selection remains unclear. The dynamic equilibrium model postulates that hybridization disrupts coadapted gene complexes, leading to alterations in development and subsequent hybrid unfitness. Alternatively, the bounded hybrid superiority model assumes that selection is due to exogenous factors. Here, we examine the developmental instability of sagebrush across a narrow hybrid zone. The results show no difference among the parental and hybrid taxa for the majority of comparisons examined. When significant differences in developmental instability were observed, one of the parental taxa (mountain big sagebrush) was typically the least developmentally stable. Hybrids were found to be the least developmentally stable for only two of the 28 comparisons studied. Interestingly, for some comparisons, hybrids were the most developmentally stable. These results contradict predictions of the dynamic equilibrium model. The sagebrush hybrid zone does not appear to be maintained by endogenous selection, as there is little indication that development is disrupted by hybridization. C1 BERRY COLL,DEPT BIOL,MT BERRY,GA 30149. US FOREST SERV,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. RP FREEMAN, DC (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. OI Graham, John/0000-0003-1974-132X NR 63 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1144 EP 1152 DI 10.2307/2446068 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RV187 UT WOS:A1995RV18700010 ER PT J AU WOOD, RJ SUTER, PM RUSSELL, RM AF WOOD, RJ SUTER, PM RUSSELL, RM TI MINERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE MINERALS; ELDERLY PEOPLE; GERIATRICS; DIETARY REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITION; RDA ID NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; SELENIUM STATUS; COPPER ABSORPTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; DIETARY CALCIUM; IRON-ABSORPTION; UNITED-STATES; BONE LOSS AB Poor mineral nutrition reported in elderly people is attributed in large part to low dietary intake. Evaluation of the adequacy of mineral nutriture is limited for several minerals because of inadequate methods for assessing mineral status. In addition, there is a general lack of information about mineral nutriture and metabolism in very old people (> 85 y). Given these reservations, the 1989 recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for iron, zinc, and selenium appears adequate for elderly people, as does the estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (ESADDI) recommendation for copper. In contrast, the current RDAs for calcium and magnesium and the ESADDI for chromium need careful reevaluation. Current recommendations for calcium may be too low, whereas those for magnesium and chromium may be higher than necessary. For phosphorus, iodine, manganese, fluoride, and molybdenum the available data are insufficient to make a critical judgement about the appropriateness of the dietary recommendations for elderly people. C1 UNIV ZURICH HOSP,DEPT MED,MED POLIKLIN,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP WOOD, RJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 178 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 62 IS 3 BP 493 EP 505 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RR597 UT WOS:A1995RR59700001 PM 7661110 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, EJ SUTER, PM SAHYOUN, N RIBAYAMERCADO, JD RUSSELL, RM AF JOHNSON, EJ SUTER, PM SAHYOUN, N RIBAYAMERCADO, JD RUSSELL, RM TI RELATION BETWEEN BETA-CAROTENE INTAKE AND PLASMA AND ADIPOSE-TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF CAROTENOIDS AND RETINOIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CAROTENOIDS; RETINOIDS; DIETARY INTAKE; TISSUE; PLASMA ID 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; VITAMIN-A; CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLISM; FERRET; BLOOD; SERUM; MEN AB We evaluated the relation between beta-carotene intake and plasma and adipose tissue concentrations of carotenoids and retinoids. In Study 1, beta-carotene intakes were significantly greater in vegetarians than in nonvegetarians. Plasma concentrations of beta-carotene were also significantly higher in vegetarians than in nonvegetarians but only after two nonvegetarians with excessive intake of carrots were omitted. Plasma retinoid (retinol, retinyl esters, and retinoic acid) concentrations were not different between the two groups. In Study 2, female subjects ingested a daily placebo or 90 mg beta-carotene for 3 wk. In the group fed beta-carotene, plasma beta-carotene concentrations were significantly increased from baseline at 1, 2, and 3 wk. No beta-carotene changes were observed in the placebo-fed group. Plasma retinoid concentrations did not change in either group. In Study 3, adipose tissue beta-carotene and retinoid concentrations were measured in men after an oral beta-carotene dose (120 mg, experimental subjects) or no beta-carotene (control subjects). In the experimental subjects, adipose beta-carotene concentrations increased from baseline at 5 and 10 d postdosing. The control group's adipose tissue beta-carotene concentration did not change over a 10-d period. Changes in retinoids in adipose tissue were not significant in either group. In conclusion, dietary and supplemental beta-carotene increased plasma beta-carotene concentrations but had no effect on plasma retinoid concentrations. There may be little tissue metabolism of beta-carotene to retinoids. Therefore, the anticarcinogenic effect of beta-carotene, if any, may be due to properties of the molecule itself. C1 UNIV ZURICH HOSP,MED POLIKLIN,DEPT MED,CH-8091 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP JOHNSON, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 62 IS 3 BP 598 EP 603 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RR597 UT WOS:A1995RR59700018 PM 7661122 ER PT J AU HUNT, JR GALLAGHER, SK JOHNSON, LK LYKKEN, GI AF HUNT, JR GALLAGHER, SK JOHNSON, LK LYKKEN, GI TI HIGH-MEAT VERSUS LOW-MEAT DIETS - EFFECTS ON ZINC-ABSORPTION, IRON STATUS, AND CALCIUM, COPPER, IRON, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND ZINC BALANCE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; COPPER; IRON; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; ZINC; MINERAL BALANCE; ZINC ABSORPTION; SERUM FERRITIN; MEAT; PROTEIN ID ASCORBIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; NONHEME IRON; ADULT MALES; URINARY HYDROXYPROLINE; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; EXTRINSIC LABELS; COMPOSITE MEALS; PROTEIN-SOURCE; ISOTOPE METHOD; YOUNG MEN AB The effects of three diets-high meat (HM), low meat (LM), or low meat with mineral supplements (LS)-on zinc absorption, elemental balance, and related clinical indexes were investigated in a metabolic study of 14 women aged 51-70 y. The women ate each of the three diets for 7 wk in random order. Lean beef, chicken, ham, and tuna in the HM diet replaced foods with a low mineral content in the LM diet. The LS diet was similar to the HM diet in K, P, Fe, Mg, and Zn contents. Compared with the other diets, the HM diet increased zinc absorption and retention, and slightly increased urinary zinc. Nitrogen and calcium balances and urinary calcium were not different for the HM and LM diets. Iron balance was not different for the HM and LS diets with similar iron content, but the HM diet was unexpectedly associated with lower iron status (higher iron-binding capacity and lower ferritin than LM and LS diets). These results indicate that 0.8 g protein/kg body wt meets protein requirements in older women, and that high meat consumption increases zinc retention without compromising calcium status and may reduce indexes of iron status, in contrast with iron absorption results from studies with radiolabeled test meals. RP HUNT, JR (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,GFHNRC,USDA ARS,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 77 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 62 IS 3 BP 621 EP 632 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RR597 UT WOS:A1995RR59700021 PM 7661125 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, E SHAW, A DAVIS, C AF KENNEDY, E SHAW, A DAVIS, C TI ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS AND USDAS FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP KENNEDY, E (reprint author), USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 62 IS 3 BP 645 EP 646 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RR597 UT WOS:A1995RR59700025 PM 7661129 ER PT J AU KRISETHERTON, PM AF KRISETHERTON, PM TI TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE RISK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE TRANS (ISOMETRIC) FATTY ACIDS INTAKE; PARTIALLY HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OILS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CORONARY HEART DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN; PLASMA LDL-CHOLESTEROL REGULATION; HUMAN STUDIES; ANIMAL STUDIES; BIOCHEMISTRY ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES DIET; MATURE HUMAN-MILK; ATE LESS FAT; LINOLEIC-ACID; SERUM-LIPIDS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; HYDROGENATED OILS AB This review critically evaluates the scientific data on trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Trans fatty acids are present in a variety of foods but they contribute only 4-12% of total dietary fat intake (2-4% of total energy intake) in the United States. The physical properties of trans fatty acids are intermediate between cis and saturated fatty acids, but a trans double bond is chemically less reactive than a cis double bond. Biochemical data indicate that trans fatty acids are subject to the same metabolic control mechanisms that regulate the metabolism of saturated and cis-isomeric fatty acids. Equivocal results have been reported in observational studies of trans fatty acid intake and CHD because of numerous methodologic limitations, including the difficulties inherent in quantifying trans fatty acid intake. Studies in hamsters indicate that trans fatty acids have a neutral effect on low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor activity, LDL-cholesterol production rate, and plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration. Other animal studies show no differences in atherosclerosis incidence or severity between diets containing hydrogenated and native vegetable oils. In clinical studies partially hydrogenated oils lower total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations when substituted for animal or vegetable fats rich in saturates but raise total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations when substituted for the unhydrogenated native oil. The effects of trans fatty acids on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) concentrations are unclear because of limited and conflicting clinical data. Data supporting a relation between trans fatty acid intake and CHD risk are equivocal compared with extensive data from studies in animals and humans linking saturated fat intake to CHD. Additional research is needed to resolve questions about the independent effects of trans fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins and their mechanisms of action. C1 PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT NUTR, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP, COLL PHYS & SURG, OBES RES CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SOUTHWESTERN MED CTR, DEPT INTERNAL MED, CTR HUMAN NUTR, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. UNIV LOWELL, DEPT CLIN SCI, LOWELL, MA 01854 USA. RP KRISETHERTON, PM (reprint author), INT LIFE SCI INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. NR 226 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 62 IS 3 BP 651S EP 708S PG 58 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RR597 UT WOS:A1995RR59700030 ER PT J AU TROCKI, O BAER, DJ CASTONGUAY, TW AF TROCKI, O BAER, DJ CASTONGUAY, TW TI COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND RU-486 IN RATS GIVEN A CHOICE OF MAINTENANCE DIET AND FAT SUPPLEMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORTICOSTERONE; BODY COMPOSITION; DIETARY OBESITY; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE ID OBESE ZUCKER RATS; OB OB MICE; ENERGY-BALANCE; BINDING CHARACTERISTICS; BODY-WEIGHT; OB/OB MICE; GLUCOSE; CORTICOSTERONE; MODULATION; RECEPTORS AB The effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) and the blockade of glucocorticoid receptors by RU-486 on Sprague-Dawley rats given a choice of a maintenance diet and a fat supplement were studied. Adult male rats were given free access to AIN-76A diet only (CON) or AIN-76A diet and a separate dietary fat option for 4 wk (FAT). They were then assigned to one of the following treatments: ADX, sham operation, ADX with corticosterone (CORT) replacement, RU-486 injections, or vehicle injections. Food intake and body weight were monitored daily for an additional 3 wk. ADX decreased caloric intake and weight gain in the FAT group more than in the CON group. RU-486 also decreased caloric and fat option intakes as well as weight gain. ADX, but not RU-486, reduced body fat content, lowered plasma insulin and triglyceride levels, and decreased glucose intolerance. CORT replacement partially prevented the effects of ADX on weight gain and body fat content. The results of this study indicate that ADX has greater effects on weight gain and body fat accumulation than does RU-486. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-42446] NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 269 IS 3 BP R708 EP R719 PG 12 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA RW600 UT WOS:A1995RW60000029 PM 7573574 ER PT J AU KONISHI, E KURANE, I MASON, PW INNIS, BL ENNIS, FA AF KONISHI, E KURANE, I MASON, PW INNIS, BL ENNIS, FA TI JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS-SPECIFIC PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD T-LYMPHOCYTES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON GAMMA-PRODUCTION; LETHAL JEV INFECTION; CELL RESPONSES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; FLAVIVIRUS KUNJIN; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; DENGUE; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS AB The T lymphocytes play an important role in prevention and recovery from viral infections. To characterize T lymphocyte responses to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infections, we analyzed JE virus-specific T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from seven JE patients and 10 vaccinees who had received a formalin-inactivated, purified JE virus vaccine (Biken vaccine). These PBMC were examined for proliferative responses against live JE virus, a glutaraldehyde-fixed lysate of cells infected with JE virus, and extracellular particles (EPs; subviral membrane vesicles released from cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding the JE virus premembrane and envelope proteins). Japanese encephalitis virus-specific T cell proliferation was demonstrated with PBMC from both patients and vaccinees after stimulation with infectious JE virus or the lysate of JE virus-infected cells. Proliferating PBMC included CD4(+) T lymphocytes and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in responses to either form of JE viral antigens. Responses to EPs were observed only with PBMC from some American vaccinees whose PBMC also responded to the virus and lysate. These results indicate that JE virus infection and immunization with an inactivated JE vaccine induce JE virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T memory lymphocytes that can be induced to proliferate by infectious JE virus and noninfectious JE antigens. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,WORCESTER,MA 01655. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT VIRAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT VIROL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP KONISHI, E (reprint author), KOBE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED ZOOL,CHUO KU,7-5-1 KUSUNOKI CHO,KOBE 650,JAPAN. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10987-17, R01-AI-30624] NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 53 IS 3 BP 278 EP 283 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RY073 UT WOS:A1995RY07300015 PM 7573713 ER PT J AU PERINO, LJ WITTUM, TE ROSS, GS AF PERINO, LJ WITTUM, TE ROSS, GS TI EFFECTS OF VARIOUS RISK-FACTORS ON PLASMA-PROTEIN AND SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATIONS OF CALVES AT POSTPARTUM HOURS 10 AND 24 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLOSTRUM; SURVIVAL; CATTLE; BIRTH; CALF; COWS AB In an attempt to identify important predictors of failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer (< 800 mg of IgG/dl), identify calves with failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer, and determine the effects of a colostrum supplement, blood samples were collected from 263 calves at postpartum hours 10 and 24. Calves of dams diagnosed with mastitis had lower mean plasma protein and IgG concentrations at 10 (P < 0.05) and 24 (P < 0.01) hours. Plasma protein and IgG concentrations were similar for single and twin calves at 10 hours, but IgG concentration at 24 hours was higher (P < 0.01) in twin calves. Calves born to dams that had dystocia had numerically lower mean plasma protein and IgG concentrations than did calves born to dams that had normal delivery. However, observed differences were small and, after adjustment for other important factors, these differences were not significant. Age of dam was associated with plasma protein (P < 0.05) and IgG (P < 0.10) concentrations at 10 hours, but had no effect at 24 hours. Plasma protein and IgG concentrations decreased as calves were barn later in the calving season, although the association of birth date with IgG concentration at 24 hours was marginal (P = 0.07). Calf sex, dam body condition score, and birth weight were not related to plasma protein or IgG values. The sensitivity and specificity of a cutoff value of 4.8 g of protein/dl of plasma, measured at 10 hours, for diagnosing failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer at 10 hours were 78 and 94%, and for diagnosing failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer at 24 hours were 88 and 73%, respectively. A colostrum supplement administered to calves with low plasma protein concentration at 10 hours had no effect on plasma protein or IgG values at 24 hours or on preweaning morbidity and mortality. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP PERINO, LJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,GREAT PLAINS VET EDUC CTR,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1144 EP 1148 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RR256 UT WOS:A1995RR25600004 PM 7486390 ER PT J AU WITTUM, TE PERINO, LJ AF WITTUM, TE PERINO, LJ TI PASSIVE IMMUNE STATUS AT POSTPARTUM HOUR 24 AND LONG-TERM HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE OF CALVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLOSTRAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN TRANSFER; NEWBORN DAIRY CALVES; ABSORPTION; DISEASE; CALF; SURVIVAL; PROTEIN AB We quantified the effect of passive immune status on pre- and postweaning health and growth performance of calves raised in a beef production environment. Blood samples were collected at postpartum hour 24 from 263 crossbred calves for determination of plasma protein (rp) and serum IgG concentrations. Serum IgG concentration was classified as adequate (> 1,600 mg/dl), marginal (800 to 1,600 mg/dl), or inadequate (< 800 mg/dl). Plasma protein concentration was classified as adequate (greater than or equal to 4.8 g/dl) or inadequate (< 4.8 g/dl). Morbidity and mortality events in the study population were monitored from birth to weaning, and after weaning throughout the feeding period. The lowest concentrations of serum IgG and PP were observed among calves that experienced morbidity or mortality prior to weaning. Calves that experienced morbidity in the feedlot had lower 24-hour PP values, but had IgG concentration similar to that in calves that were not observed to be ill during the feeding period. Calves classified as having inadequate IgG concentration were at greater risk of preweaning mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4), neonatal morbidity (OR = 6.4), and preweaning morbidity (OR = 3.2), compared with calves classified as having adequate IgG concentration at 24 hours. Calves classified as having inadequate PP concentration at 24 hows had a greater risk of morbidity (OR = 3.0) and respiratory tract morbidity (OR = 3.1) while in the feedlot, compared with calves classified as having adequate PP concentration. The effects of 24-hour passive immune status on calf growth were indirect through effects on morbidity outcomes. Morbidity during the first 28 days of life was associated with a 16-kg lower expected weaning weight. Respiratory morbidity in the feedlot resulted in a 0.04-kg lower expected mean daily gain. Thus, passive immune status at postpartum hour 24 was an important determinant of health before and after weaning and was indirectly associated with calf growth during the same periods. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,GREAT PLAINS VET EDUC CTR,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 26 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1149 EP 1154 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RR256 UT WOS:A1995RR25600005 PM 7486391 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, DS RIPPEY, NS POWE, TA SARTIN, EA DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL AF LINDSAY, DS RIPPEY, NS POWE, TA SARTIN, EA DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL TI ABORTIONS, FETAL DEATH, AND STILLBIRTHS IN PREGNANT PYGMY GOATS INOCULATED WITH TACHYZOITES OF NEOSPORA-CANINUM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTOZOAN INFECTION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DAIRY-CATTLE; TRANSMISSION; RESPONSES; ANTIBODY; FETUSES; DOGS AB Neospora caninum-induced abortion is a major production problem in the dairy cattle industry in the United States and worldwide. Abortions attributable to naturally acquired N caninum infection also have been observed in pygmy goats. We studied experimentally induced infections with N caninum in pregnant pygmy does to determine whether abortions attributable to N caninum infection would occur after inoculation. Seven pregnant pygmy does (1 control doe and 6 inoculated with N caninum) were studied. The control doe remained clinically normal throughout the study and delivered 2 healthy kids. Abortion, fetal death, and stillbirths were observed in some pregnant does inoculated with N caninum. Two pregnant pygmy does inoculated with N caninum early in gestation (day 51) had fetuses that died and were aborted, or died and were reabsorbed. Neospora caninum tachyzoites and lesions were observed in the brain, spinal cord, and heart of aborted fetuses; parasites also were isolated from the placenta. Four additional pregnant pygmy does (2 inoculated at mid-gestation [day 85], and 2 at late gestation [day 127]) did not abort after inoculation. However, 1 doe inoculated during mid-gestation delivered a stillborn fetus that had died about 1 week prior to parturition. This kid was congenitally infected with N caninum. Neospora caninum was isolated from the placentas of all inoculated does examined. Neonatal neosporosis was not observed in live-born kids, nor were stages of N caninum isolated from any live-born kid. Does did not undergo abortion or have congenitally infected kids when they were rebred and evaluated for neosporosis. C1 AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM SURG & MED,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LINDSAY, DS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 20 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1176 EP 1180 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RR256 UT WOS:A1995RR25600009 PM 7486395 ER PT J AU BECKER, BA PACE, L ROTTINGHAUS, GE SHELBY, R MISFELDT, M ROSS, PF AF BECKER, BA PACE, L ROTTINGHAUS, GE SHELBY, R MISFELDT, M ROSS, PF TI EFFECTS OF FEEDING FUMONISIN B-1 IN LACTATING AND THEIR SUCKLING PIGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; CORN SCREENINGS; CYTOTOXICITY; LYMPHOCYTES; INHIBITION; TOXICOSIS; EXPOSURE; INVITRO; FESCUE AB The mycotoxin fumonisin B-1 (FB1) produced by Fusarium moniliforme in corn causes pulmonary edema in finishing swine. Effects of lower nonlethal amounts and effects in lactating sows with suckling pigs are unknown. An initial study was conducted to determine a nonlethal concentration of FB1 for lactating sows; whether ingested FB1 could be detected in the milk; and whether toxicosis could be detected in the pigs, as determined by necropsy. Another study was conducted to determine toxicosis in the pigs by measuring liver sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio, and whether ingested FB1 affected T-lymphocyte function in sows and their pigs. Furthermore, sows of this study were maintained in controlled hot (27 to 32 C, 50 to 70% relative humidity) and thermoneutral (21 C, 55% relative humidity) environments to determine whether high temperature exacerbated the effects of FB1. In the first study, 100 mu g of FB1/g of corn soybean meal diet was found to be nonlethal when fed for 14 days. Fumonisin B-1 was not detected in the milk at 30 ppb and lesions were not found in the necropsied pigs, including 1 from a sow that died of porcine pulmonary edema syndrome after ingesting FB1 at a concentration of 175 ppm. In the second study, differences in liver sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio of pigs were not found. Expressions of cell surface antigens on blood lymphocytes and lymphocyte proliferation response to various mitogens were not affected by FB1 or high temperature in sows or their pigs. The results indicated that when sows ingested nonlethal concentrations of FB1 for 17 days, there were no detectable amounts of FBI in the sows' milk and no evidence of toxicosis in their pigs; no significant effect of FB1 on T-lymphocyte function in sows and pigs; and no enhanced toxic effects of FB1 attributable to high temperatures. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. AUBURN UNIV,COLL AGR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP BECKER, BA (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PHYSIOL ANIM LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1253 EP 1258 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RR256 UT WOS:A1995RR25600022 PM 7486408 ER PT J AU GOTH, RW HAYNES, KG YOUNG, RJ WILSON, DR LUER, FI AF GOTH, RW HAYNES, KG YOUNG, RJ WILSON, DR LUER, FI TI RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF THE POTATO CULTIVAR KRANTZ TO COMMON SCAB CAUSED BY STREPTOMYCES-SCABIES AS DETERMINED BY A CLUSTER-ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; ACTINOMYCETE; RUSSET SCAB; RAISED SCAB AB Twenty potato breeding selections and five potato cultivars (25 clones) were evaluated in replicated field plots for their resistance to common scab caused by Streptomyces scabies, at Presque Isle, ME and Cranesville, WV in 1993. At harvest, all tubers in each plot were individually scored for the surface area covered (0=0% to 5>75%) and for lesion type (0=no lesions to 5=pitted lesions). The individual tuber scores for either surface area covered or lesion type for each plot were totaled and divided by five times the number of tubers to create an index of surface area covered (SAT) or lesion type (LI), respectively. Clonal mean SAT ranged from 0.05 to 0.96 in Maine and 0.21 to 0.89 in West Virginia. Clonal mean LI ranged from 0.06 to 1.0 in Maine and 0.48 to 1.0 in West Virginia. There were significant differences among clones for SAI and LI. Clones were clustered on mean SAT and LI in ME and WV. The clones clustered into four groups. The resistance of Krantz and two breeding selections, B0348-2 and B0339-1, was similar to Ontario. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. RP GOTH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 72 IS 9 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1007/BF02849252 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RX849 UT WOS:A1995RX84900001 ER PT J AU STIEBER, TD SHOCK, CC AF STIEBER, TD SHOCK, CC TI PLACEMENT OF SOIL-MOISTURE SENSORS IN SPRINKLER IRRIGATED POTATOES SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; WATER MOVEMENT; NITRATE LEACHING; SOIL WATER POTENTIAL; GRANULAR MATRIX SENSORS AB Potato (Salanum tuberosum L.) is particularly sensitive to soil water potential below -50 to -60 J kg(-1) during tuber development. Soil water must also be carefully monitored to irrigate efficiently and to minimize nitrate leaching associated with over-irrigation. Water distribution in and below potato hills during and following sprinkler irrigation tvas monitored using granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200, Irrometer Co., Riverside, CA) placed in 0.10 m x 0.15 m cross-sectional grids down to 0.6-m depth below the soil surface. Each grid consisted of 26 sensors. Sensor electrical resistance had been calibrated to soil water potential. During one test, soil water potential was intentionally lowered to levels drier than ideal for potato to emphasize soil wetting and drying patterns. Over the 26 locations in the grids, the soil water potential averaged -33 J kg(-1) over a six week period, with sprinkler irrigations evenly rewetting the upper 0.2 m of the hill. On average, the driest locations were the top of the hill, directly under the hill, and below the furrow with wheel track compaction. Ideal sensor locations for monitoring soil water status and scheduling irrigations are offset 0.15 m from the center of the hill and 0.1 to 0.2 m deep. Sensors installed in silt loam soil responded within four hours to wetting and within 12 hours to drying, the shortest increments of time measured. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,MALHEUR EXP STN,ONTARIO,OR 97914. RP STIEBER, TD (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,USDA,HYDROL UNIT PROJECT,1630 S 3RD AVE,PAYETTE,ID 83661, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 72 IS 9 BP 533 EP 543 DI 10.1007/BF02849256 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RX849 UT WOS:A1995RX84900004 ER PT J AU MAREK, SM ROBERTS, CA BEUSELINCK, PR KARR, AL AF MAREK, SM ROBERTS, CA BEUSELINCK, PR KARR, AL TI SILVER STAIN DETECTION OF CHITINOLYTIC ENZYMES AFTER POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note C1 UNIV MISSOURI, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RI Marek, Stephen/A-7610-2013; Marek, Stephen/M-9865-2013 OI Marek, Stephen/0000-0002-0146-8049; Marek, Stephen/0000-0002-0146-8049 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 EI 1096-0309 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 230 IS 1 BP 184 EP 185 DI 10.1006/abio.1995.1457 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RT930 UT WOS:A1995RT93000030 PM 8585619 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, CJ PEDERSEN, JF BRITTON, RA STOCK, RA KREHBIEL, CR AF RICHARDS, CJ PEDERSEN, JF BRITTON, RA STOCK, RA KREHBIEL, CR TI IN-VITRO STARCH DISAPPEARANCE PROCEDURE MODIFICATIONS SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STARCH; INOCULATE SOURCES; RUMINAL FLUID ID SORGHUM GRAIN; RUMEN FLUID; DIGESTION; DEGRADATION; RUMINANTS; INVITRO AB Four in vitro experiments evaluated the effects of ruminal fluid inoculum:artificial saliva ratios, grinder type, grind size, and diet of ruminal fluid donor on in vitro starch disappearance. Experiment 1 examined rates of starch disappearance and coefficients of determination obtained by linear regression of starch disappearance using five grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) lines, a corn (Zea mays L.) control, and a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) control. Grains were incubated for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h with inoculum varying in proportion of ruminal fluid and artificial saliva (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). In vitro rates of starch disappearance and coefficients of determination were similar for the 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 inoculum dilutions and were higher (quadratic, P < 0.01) than the 1:1 dilution. As the proportion of artificial saliva in the inoculum increased, in vitro pH increased (linear, P < 0.01). In Experiment 2, six grain sorghum lines and a corn control were ground through a 1-mm screen in a Udy (cyclone type) or Wiley mill. Starch disappearance for samples ground using a Udy mill were higher (P < 0.01) than for samples ground in a Wiley mill and approached 90% digestion in 8 h. Experiment 3 compared six grain sorghum lines and a corn control ground through a Wiley mill equipped with either a 1-mm or 2-mm screen. Starch disappearance of samples ground through a 1-mm screen were lower (P < 0.10) when compared with samples ground through a 2-mm screen. In Experiment 4, the effect of grain type (corn, sorghum, or 50:50 corn:sorghum) in 92.5% concentrate diets of ruminal fluid donors was compared in a replicated 3 X 3 Latin square design. Six grain sorghum lines and five corn hybrids were evaluated with in vitro digestion. Ranking by in vitro rate of starch digestion was not affected (P > 0.10) by grain type fed; however, absolute rates of digestion varied among inoculate sources. Grinder, grind size, and ruminal fluid inoculum:artificial saliva ratios affected rate of starch disappearance in samples digested in vitro. Diet of ruminal fluid donor affected the rate of starch digestion, but not the relative ranking of the grains. If rates are to be compared across in vitro runs for different grains, these processing and dietary factors must be kept constant. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00790-T PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RW119 UT WOS:A1995RW11900003 ER PT J AU Johnson, DA Asay, KH AF Johnson, DA Asay, KH TI Breeding and selection of grasses for improved drought response: A review SO ANNALS OF ARID ZONE LA English DT Review DE carbon isotope discrimination; genetic variation; heritability; osmotic adjustment; plant breeding; plant improvement; seedling emergence; water loss; water uptake; water-use efficiency ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS; COOL-SEASON GRASSES; EPICUTICULAR WAX PRODUCTION; BICOLOR L MOENCH; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; GAS-EXCHANGE; GRAIN-YIELD AB Water limits the establishment, growth and production of grasses on semi-arid rangelands, and plant improvement programs for these areas must be capable of screening breeding lines for response to drought. Although many techniques to evaluate various morphological and physiological characteristics have been proposed, few have been successfully used in plant breeding programs. Consequently, a need exists to identify and develop rapid, reliable screening techniques that can assess integrated plant response to drought in large plant populations. Improved seedling emergence has been achieved in Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski] by selecting for emergence from deep seeding depth and long coleoptiles. Water uptake by roots is critical and screening for advanced seedling root growth in grasses offers considerable promise. In spite of the important role that stomatal control has in regulating plant water loss, limited success has been achieved in incorporating desirable stomatal characteristics into improved grass cultivars. Although osmotic adjustment appears beneficial in some crop species, more research is needed before grasses could be selected based on osmotic adjustment. Selection for improved water-use efficiency in cool-season grasses based on carbon isotope discrimination is a promising approach. Successful incorporation of these traits into improved grass cultivars necessitates close cooperation between breeders and physiologists. RP Johnson, DA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 142 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ARID ZONE RESEARCH ASSOC INDIA PI JODHPUR PA C.A.Z.R.I. CAMPUS, JODHPUR 342 003, INDIA SN 0570-1791 J9 ANN ARID ZONE JI Ann. Arid. Zone PD SEP PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 163 EP 178 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UR113 UT WOS:A1995UR11300002 ER PT J AU FURNISS, MM HARVEY, AE SOLHEIM, H AF FURNISS, MM HARVEY, AE SOLHEIM, H TI TRANSMISSION OF OPHIOSTOMA-IPS (OPHIOSTOMATALES, OPHIOSTOMATACEAE) BY IPS-PINI (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) TO PONDEROSA PINE IN IDAHO SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE SCOLYTIDAE; IPS PINI; OPHIOSTOMA IPS; BLUE-STAIN FUNGI ID NORWAY SPRUCE; FUNGUS; DENDROCTONUS; TYPOGRAPHUS; INOCULATION; RESISTANCE; CONIFERS; ENGRAVER; SAPWOOD; TREE AB Strial pits on the elytra of unflown Ips pini (Say) carry spores like those of the tree-pathogenic blue-stain fungus Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannfeldt, yeast, and other fungi, as seen by scanning electron microscopy. O. ips ascospores develop on the walls of pupal chambers in the phloem of infested pines and adhere to newly transformed I. pini adults. Inoculation of severed pine stem sections with body parts excised from beetles washed in water or alcohol produced phloem lesions characteristic of the hypersensitive wound reaction to O. ips. A fungus, characteristic of O. pini, was isolated from infected wood beneath lesions caused by inoculation with head, prothorax, elytron, and alimentary canal. Similar infections and reisolations resulted from inoculations of live trees with an elytron-derived culture that caused necrosis of sapwood radially inward from lesions, and tree mortality when lesions encircled the stem. C1 USDA, INTERMT RES STN, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. AGR UNIV NORWAY, NORWEGIAN FOREST RES INST, N-1432 AS, NORWAY. RP FURNISS, MM (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO, DIV ENTOMOL, MOSCOW, ID 83844 USA. RI Health Section, Forest/B-6603-2009; Solheim, Halvor/N-9691-2013; Section, Forest Health/B-1469-2015 OI Solheim, Halvor/0000-0002-6808-1615; NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 88 IS 5 BP 653 EP 660 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX492 UT WOS:A1995RX49200004 ER PT J AU KEENA, MA ODELL, TM TANNER, JA AF KEENA, MA ODELL, TM TANNER, JA TI EFFECTS OF DIET INGREDIENT SOURCE AND PREPARATION METHOD ON LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY-REARED GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; LABORATORY REARING; ARTIFICIAL DIET; NUTRIENTS ID SPRUCE BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE AB We compared diet ingredient source (vendor or batch) and preparation methods used at 2, gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., rearing facilities in 2 rearing environments to identify the dietary variable that results in unpredictable periods of slow, asynchronous larval development. The mean instar at 10 d was used to assess the larval development in these experiments. Wesson salt mixture (mineral supplement) from 1 of the 2 vendors used was found to cause slow, asynchronous development. The particular batch of wheat germ, casein, and vitamin mixture used was found to influence the rate of larval development. The method of diet production interacted with the diet ingredients to influence the rate of lan-al development, but the source of the diet ingredients methyl parahydroxybenzoate, sorbic acid, and agar had no effect. How mineral components of the diet can affect larval development, and the importance of quality control in artificial diet, are discussed. RP KEENA, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 88 IS 5 BP 672 EP 679 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX492 UT WOS:A1995RX49200007 ER PT J AU KEENA, MA ODELL, TM TANNER, JA AF KEENA, MA ODELL, TM TANNER, JA TI PHENOTYPIC RESPONSE OF 2 SUCCESSIVE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) GENERATIONS TO ENVIRONMENT AND DIET IN THE LABORATORY SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; LABORATORY REARING; ARTIFICIAL DIET; PARENTAL EFFECTS ID DISPAR L; SUITABILITY; FECUNDITY; QUALITY; FOLIAGE; LARVAE AB A 2-generation comparison documented variables affecting performance of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), reared under laboratory conditions, including differences in environment (different locations), substrains (isolated over time), and diet (preparation and ingredients) Gypsy moth colonies have experienced unpredicted periods of poor hatch, reduced survival, and slow asynchronous development that have collectively been called abnormal performance syndrome (APS). Substrain differences were found but were not linked to the expression of APS. Parental rearing environment affects development and survival of larvae of both the parent and progeny generations, but only influences the degree of expression of APS. The expression of APS results from a dietary problem; sensitivity varies within and between families. In addition, the phenotype of the individual (whether it expresses APS or not) appears to depend not only on its own genotype hut on the interaction between its parent genotypes and the diet they fed upon. The importance of these findings for laboratory reared insects in general are discussed. RP KEENA, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 88 IS 5 BP 680 EP 689 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX492 UT WOS:A1995RX49200008 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, DB PETERSON, RD AF TAYLOR, DB PETERSON, RD TI POPULATION-GENETICS AND GENE VARIATION IN SECONDARY SCREWWORM (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE COCHLIOMYIA MACELLARIA; POPULATION GENETICS; ISOZYMES ID FLY; SYSTEMATICS; MUSCIDAE; FLIES AB Allozyme variation in 4 populations of secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), representing North, Central, and South America was examined. Variability was observed in 12 of 13 enzyme loci, and die frequency of the most common allele was <0.95 for 6 loci. Observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.149 and 0.154, respectively. Nei's genetic distances were less than or equal to 0.001. Goodness-of-fit statistics for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Wright's F-IS statistics indicated random mating within populations. Wright's F-ST statistics and chi-square contingency analyses indicated homogeneous gene frequencies among the populations. These data suggest tl-lat C. macellaria is a panmictic species with high levels of gene flow between populations. RP TAYLOR, DB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 88 IS 5 BP 690 EP 694 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX492 UT WOS:A1995RX49200009 ER PT J AU JANISIEWICZ, WJ BORS, B AF JANISIEWICZ, WJ BORS, B TI DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF BACTERIAL AND YEAST ANTAGONISTS TO CONTROL WOUND-INVADING POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS OF FRUITS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; APPLES; BIOCONTROL; DISEASES; MOLD AB Two antagonists, the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the pink yeast Sporobolomyces roseus, against blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum) on apple controlled this disease more effectively when combined at approximately equal biomass (50:50 of the same turbidity) than in individual applications. Addition of L-asparagine enhanced the biocontrol effectiveness of P. syringae but decreased that of S. roseus and had no significant effect when the antagonists were combined, Populations of both antagonists increased in apple wounds and were further stimulated by the addition of L-asparagine, The carrying capacity of wounds for P. syringae was not affected by S. roseus. Populations of P. syringae in wounds inoculated individually or in a 50:50 mixture with S. roseus reached the same level after 3 days at 22 degrees C. However, populations of S. roseus recovered after applications of the mixture were consistently lower than those recovered after individual applications. Similar effects were observed in in vitro tests in which populations of S. roseus grown in mixtures with P. syringae were consistently lower than those grown alone, while the populations of P. syringae were not affected by the presence of S. roseus. A total of 36 carbon and 35 nitrogen compounds were tested for utilization by both antagonists. Fourteen nitrogenous compounds were utilized by both P. syringae and S. roseus, and an additional nine compounds were utilized by P. syringae. S. roseus and P. syringae utilized 17 and 13 carbon sources, respectively; 9 sources were common to both antagonists, Populations of these antagonists in apple wounds appear to form a relatively stable community dominated by P. syringae. This domination is probably due to the greater ability of this organism to utilize nitrogen sources, which is the limiting growth factor in carbon-rich apple wounds. RP JANISIEWICZ, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 27 TC 93 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3261 EP 3267 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RT798 UT WOS:A1995RT79800012 PM 7574636 ER PT J AU GARDNER, RG WELLS, JE RUSSELL, JB WILSON, DB AF GARDNER, RG WELLS, JE RUSSELL, JB WILSON, DB TI THE CELLULAR LOCATION OF PREVOTELLA-RUMINICOLA BETA-1,4-D-ENDOGLUCANASE AND ITS OCCURRENCE IN OTHER STRAINS OF RUMINAL BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTEROIDES-RUMINICOLA; ENDOGLUCANASE GENE; PROTEINS; CLEAVAGE; SEQUENCE; RUMEN; DNA AB Prevotella ruminicola B(1)4, TC1-1, TF1-3, and TS1-5 all produced immunologically cross-reacting 88- and 82-kDa carboxymethyl cellulases (CMCases), P. ruminicola 23, 118B, 20-63, and 20-78 had much lower CMCase activities, and Western blots (immunoblots) showed no cross-reaction with the B(1)4 CMCase antiserum, Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 and D produced CMCases, but these enzymes were smaller and did not cross-react with the B(1)4 CMCase antiserum. The B(1)4 CMCase antiserum inhibited the B(1)4 TC1-1, TF1-3, and TS1-5 CMCase activities and agglutinated these cells, but it had no effect on the other strains or species. On the basis of these results, the B(1)4 CMCase is a strain-specific enzyme that is located on the outside surface of the cells, P. ruminicola B(1)4 cultures, grown on sucrose, did not have significant CMCase activity, but these cells could bind purified 88- and 82-kDa CMCase but not 40.5-kDa CMCase, Because the 40.5-kDa CMCase is a fully active, truncated form of the CMCase, it appears that the N-terminal domain of the 88-kDa B(1)4 CMCase anchors the CMCase to the cells, Cells grown on cellobiose produced at least 10-fold more CMCase than the sucrose-grown cells, and the cellobiose-grown cells could only bind 15% as much CMCase as sucrose-grown cells. Virtually all of the CMCase activity of exponentially growing cultures was cell associated, but CMCase activity was eventually detected in the culture supernatant, On the basis of the observation that the 88-kDa CMCase was gradually converted to the 82-kDa CMCase when cultures reached the stationary phase without a change in specific activity, it appears that the 82-kDa protein is probably a proteolytic degradation product of the 88-kDa CMCase. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,BIOCHEM MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3288 EP 3292 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RT798 UT WOS:A1995RT79800016 PM 7574639 ER PT J AU WHITEHEAD, MP SHIEH, MT CLEVELAND, TE CARY, JW DEAN, RA AF WHITEHEAD, MP SHIEH, MT CLEVELAND, TE CARY, JW DEAN, RA TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYGALACTURONASE GENES (PECA AND PECB) FROM ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; COTTON BOLLS; DNA; PARASITICUS; NIGER; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; ENZYMES; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION AB Two genes, pecA and pecB, encoding endopolyglacturonases were cloned from a highly aggressive strain of Aspergillus flavus. The pecA gene consisted of 1,228 bp encoding a protein of 363 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 37.6 kDa, interrupted by two introns of 58 and 81 bp in length, Accumulation of pecA mRNA in both pectin- or glucose-grown mycelia in the highly aggressive strain matched the activity profile of a pectinase previously identified as P2c. Transformants of a weakly aggressive strain containing a functional copy of the pecA gene produced P2c in vitro, confirming that pecA encodes P2c. The coding region of pecB was determined to be 1,217 bp in length interrupted by two introns of 65 and 54 bp in length. The predicted protein of 366 amino acids had an estimated molecular mass of 38 kDa. Transcripts of this gene accumulated in mycelia grown in medium containing pectin alone, never in mycelia grown in glucose-containing medium, for both highly and weakly aggressive strains. Thus, pecB encodes the activity previously identified as P1 or P3, pecA and pecB share a high degree of sequence identity with polygalacturonase genes from Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus oryzae, further establishing the close relationships between members of the A. flavus group, Conservation of intron positions in these genes also indicates that they share a common ancestor with genes encoding endopolyglacturonases of Aspergillus niger. C1 CLEMSON UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL, CLEMSON, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 47 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3316 EP 3322 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RT798 UT WOS:A1995RT79800021 PM 7574642 ER PT J AU KAWAI, S JENSEN, KA BAO, W HAMMEL, KE AF KAWAI, S JENSEN, KA BAO, W HAMMEL, KE TI NEW POLYMERIC MODEL SUBSTRATES FOR THE STUDY OF MICROBIAL LIGNINOLYSIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CELL-WALL; DEGRADATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SUBSTRUCTURE; METABOLISM; LIGNINASE; SIZE AB Lignin model dimers are valuable tools for the elucidation of microbial ligninolytic mechanisms, but their law molecular weight (MW) makes them susceptible to nonligninolytic intracellular metabolism, To address this problem, we prepared lignin models in which unlabeled and alpha-C-14-labeled beta-O-4-linked dimers were covalently attached to 8,000-MW polyethylene glycol (PEG) or to 45,000-MW polystyrene (PS), The water-soluble PEG-linked model was mineralized extensively in liquid medium and in solid wood cultures by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, whereas the water-insoluble PS-linked model was not, Gel permeation chromatography showed that P, chrysosporium degraded the PEG-linked model by cleaving its lignin dimer substructure rather than its PEG moiety, C-alpha-C-beta cleavage was the major fate of the PEG-linked model after incubation with P. chrysosporium in vivo and also after oxidation with P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase in vitro, The brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum, which unlike P. chrysosporium lacks a vigorous extracellular ligninolytic system, was unable to degrade the PEG-linked model efficiently, These results show that PEG-linked lignin models are a marked improvement over the low-MW models that have been used in the past. C1 USDA, FOREST PROD LAB, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3407 EP 3414 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RT798 UT WOS:A1995RT79800034 PM 7574649 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF THE MICROBIAL METABOLITE, ACETIC-ACID, ON SPROUTING OF AQUATIC PLANT PROPAGULES SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE HYDRILLA; PORAMOGETON; SEDIMENT; TUBER; TURION; WINTER BUD ID SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; ACETATE; LAKE; ECOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; STRAW AB Subterranean vegetative propagules are important life cycle stages for some species of rooted aquatic plants. Sediments contain numerous compounds resulting from anaerobic degradation of organic matter, including acetic acid. Tubers, turions, and winter buds of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton gramineus L., and Potamogeton pectinatus L. were exposed to acetic acid concentrations from 0 to 696 mmol l(-1) for 1-8 days. Hydrilla verticillata propagules were more sensitive to acetic acid exposure than those of either Potamogeton species. Monoecious H. verticillata propagules did not sprout at acetic acid concentrations of 17 mmol l(-1) or over, even at the shortest exposure time. Potamogeton gramineus winter buds and P. pectinatus tubers were less inhibited between 17 and 87 mmol l(-1) if the exposure time was short (2 days or less). Sediment type did not influence the differential response to acetic acid, but the presence of sediments ameliorated the effects of acetic acid somewhat. More than two-thirds of P. pectinatus tubers sprouted after a 24 h exposure to 696 mmol l(-1) at 4 degrees C, at higher temperatures sprouting was greatly reduced. Hydrilla venticillata tubers did not sprout following exposure to 17 mmol l(-1) at any temperature (4, 13, 19, and 25 degrees C) examined. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,WEED SCI PROGRAM,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0304-3770(95)00488-L PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TE892 UT WOS:A1995TE89200008 ER PT J AU MCALINDON, T JACQUES, P ZHANG, Y HANNAN, M ALIABADI, P WEISSMAN, B RUSH, D FELSON, D AF MCALINDON, T JACQUES, P ZHANG, Y HANNAN, M ALIABADI, P WEISSMAN, B RUSH, D FELSON, D TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN-D (VITD) STATUS AND KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS (KAO) PROGRESSION SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOSTON UNIV,CTR ARTHRITIS,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 512 EP 512 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400511 ER PT J AU MCALINDON, T JACQUES, P ZHANG, Y HANNAN, M ALIABADI, P WEISSMAN, B RUSH, D FELSON, D AF MCALINDON, T JACQUES, P ZHANG, Y HANNAN, M ALIABADI, P WEISSMAN, B RUSH, D FELSON, D TI DO ANTIOXIDANT (AO) MICRONUTRIENTS PROTECT AGAINST KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS (KAO) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOSTON UNIV,CTR ARTHRITIS,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 513 EP 513 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400512 ER PT J AU RALL, LC LUNDGREN, N REICHLIN, S ROUBENOFF, R AF RALL, LC LUNDGREN, N REICHLIN, S ROUBENOFF, R TI EVIDENCE FOR GROWTH-HORMONE (GH) DEFICIENCY IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA) - ASSESSMENT BY DECONVOLUTION ANALYSIS SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 817 EP 817 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400816 ER PT J AU ASWIDINNOOR, H NELSON, RJ GUSTAFSON, JP AF ASWIDINNOOR, H NELSON, RJ GUSTAFSON, JP TI GENOME-SPECIFIC REPETITIVE DNA PROBES DETECT INTROGRESSION OF ORYZA-MINUTA GENOME INTO CULTIVATED RICE, ORYZA-SATIVA SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC HYBRIDS; TRISOMIC ANALYSIS; ISOZYME LOCI; WHEAT; HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSLOCATIONS; SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; CHROMATIN AB Analysis of alien genome introgression from Oryza minuta, an allotetraploid wild rice species, into cultivated rice (O. sativa) was conducted on backcross progeny from a cross involving the two species. In the analysis, six genome-specific repetitive DNA sequences, pOm1, pOm4, pOm6, pOmA536, pOmPB10, and pOa237 were used, in concurrent with disease resistance rating. From Southern blot hybridization, three of the six DNA probes: pOm4, pOmPB10, and pOa237 were able to detect alien genome introgression in the backcross progeny. The results showed that the three sequences were introgressed together, possibly suggesting their proximity in the O. minuta genome, or an introgression of a fairly large of O. minuta genome which contain the three probes. Another result showed a substantiation of previous observation that more than one recombination events between genomes of the two species may have taken place. C1 BOGOR AGR UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT AGRON,BOGOR 16144,INDONESIA. INT RICE RES INST,DIV PLANT PATHOL,MANILA 1099,PHILIPPINES. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MALAYSIAN SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY PI 59100 KUALA LUMPUR PA UNIV MALAYA, 59100 KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SN 0128-7451 J9 ASIA-PAC J MOL BIOL JI Asia Pac. J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 3 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RX073 UT WOS:A1995RX07300004 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, EM GUTHRIE, K SHAPIRO, M AF DOUGHERTY, EM GUTHRIE, K SHAPIRO, M TI IN-VITRO EFFECTS OF FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER ON THE EFFICACY OF OCCLUSION BODY DISSOLUTION AND POLYHEDRAL-DERIVED VIRIONS SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; BACULOVIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; GYPSY MOTH; CALCFLUOR WHITE M2R; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID CELL-LINE; VIRUS; INFECTIVITY; LEPIDOPTERA AB The fluorescent brightener calcofluor white M2R (M2R) increased the efficacy of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar. This increase was seen with both larval-produced and cell culture-produced occlusion bodies (OBs), but only when the OBs were continuously exposed to the M2R. No enhancement was observed when OBs were treated for an hour and then rinsed to remove M2R. M2R enhanced the activity of virions that were released from OBs by alkaline treatment and stabilized the released virions for at least 5 days. When M2R was removed from the virions after OB dissolution followed by dilution in water or dialysis, no infectivity was detected. Some activity was regained when M2R was added back to these virions. Finally, M2R also enhanced per os infectivity of nonoccludded virions, Our investigations suggest that enhancement of M2R only occurs when both brightener and virus are present concurrently in the insect's midgut. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP DOUGHERTY, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1045 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RT254 UT WOS:A1995RT25400008 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA FRAVEL, DR LUMSDEN, RD SHASHA, BS AF LEWIS, JA FRAVEL, DR LUMSDEN, RD SHASHA, BS TI APPLICATION OF BIOCONTROL FUNGI IN GRANULAR FORMULATIONS OF PREGELATINIZED STARCH-FLOUR TO CONTROL DAMPING-OFF DISEASES CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL FORMULATIONS; DAMPING-OFF DISEASES; EGGPLANT; GLIOCLADIUM VIRENS; PEPPER; RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI, TRICHODERMA HAMATUM, ZINNIA ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ALGINATE PELLETS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; TRICHODERMA; SOIL; AGENTS AB Pregelatinized starch-flour granules containing fermentor-produced biomass of the biocontrol fungi Gliocladium virens, isolates Gl-3 and Gl-21, and Trichoderma hamatum, isolate TRI-4, protected eggplant, pepper, and zinnia seedlings from damping-off caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in a soilless mix. The granules contained more than 10(6) colony-forming units/g of product of the biocontrol fungi which represented a 64, 91, and 43% survival of the formulated biomass of Gl-3, Gl-21, and TRI-4, respectively. The survival of R. solani in pathogen-infested beet seed and its ability to grow saprophytically from the beet seed into two soils were significantly reduced in both soils but depended upon the choice of antagonist and the amount of granules used. The saprophytic growth of R. solani was always reduced to a greater extent than was survival of R. solani in the beet seed. Isolates Gl-3 and Gl-21 were more effective in reducing pathogen populations at lower granular concentrations than was isolate TRI-4. The incidence of Rhizoctonia damping-off of eggplant in soilless mix was reduced (> 50%) with as little as 0.2% (w/w) of Gl-3 and Gl-21 granules and 1.0% (w/w) of TRI-4 granules, but plant stands were not as high as that in noninfested soilless mix (99%), Preparations with as little as 2.5% biomass of Gl-21 added to soilless mix at a rate of 1.0% (w/w) were as effective as a rate of 0.20% (w/w) granules containing 20% biomass in reducing damping-off of eggplant. Similar results were observed with damping-off of pepper. These data suggest the importance of spatial distribution of the biocontrol product in disease control. Formulations of Gl-3 and Gl-21 at rates of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8% (w/w) prepared with 20% biomass were equally effective in reducing damping-off of zinnia in soilless mix. Although high rates of TRI-4 granules also effectively reduced disease, none of the biocontrol formulations yielded a zinnia stand comparable to that in noninfested soilless mix (97%). (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, PLANT POLYMER RES LAB, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP LEWIS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1047 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RT254 UT WOS:A1995RT25400010 ER PT J AU DATNOFF, LE NEMEC, S PERNEZNY, K AF DATNOFF, LE NEMEC, S PERNEZNY, K TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF FUSARIUM CROWN AND ROOT-ROT OF TOMATO IN FLORIDA USING TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM AND GLOMUS INTRARADICES SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; BENEFICIAL FUNGI; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; VAM ID RHIZOSPHERE; FUSION AB Field experiments were conducted to evaluate commercial formulations of two beneficial fungi, Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus intraradices, for the control of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Tomato seeds cv. ''Sunny'' were planted into soil nonamended or amended with the biocontrol agents, the former treatment serving as the control. After 6-7 weeks, plants were transplanted into beds fumigated with methyl bromide-chloropicrin in commercial tomato fields with a previous history of Fusarium crown and root rot. Disease incidence and severity were recorded at harvest maturity. Large and extra-large fruits ( greater than or equal to 6.27 cm) also were harvested, counted, and weighed at maturity. Total marketable fruit yield was also determined, Compared to the controls, significant decreases in disease incidence were obtained with treatments of T. harzianum (1993), G. intraradices (1991), and T. harzianum + G. intraradices (both years). Significant decreases in disease severity were obtained with the treatments of T. harzianum (1993), G. intraradices (1991), and T. harzianum + G. intraradices (1993), Yields of large and extra-large fruit or total marketable yield were not significantly different over the controls. These data suggest that commercial biological control agents may be effective in reducing Fusarium crown and root rot and that further evaluation of these agents is justified. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. RP DATNOFF, LE (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, IFAS, EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, BELLE GLADE, FL 33430 USA. NR 24 TC 92 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1051 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RT254 UT WOS:A1995RT25400014 ER PT J AU DESTEIGUER, JE AF DESTEIGUER, JE TI THINKING OF BIOLOGY - 3 THEORIES FROM ECONOMICS ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP DESTEIGUER, JE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 730 11TH STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-4521 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 1995 VL 45 IS 8 BP 552 EP 557 DI 10.2307/1312701 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA RT256 UT WOS:A1995RT25600014 ER PT J AU PARKER, SR CUTLER, HG SCHREINER, PR AF PARKER, SR CUTLER, HG SCHREINER, PR TI KONINGININ-E - ISOLATION OF A BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCT FROM TRICHODERMA-KONINGII SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note AB Koninginin E, a congener of previously isolated Koninginins A, B, and C, was isolated from Trichoderma koningii fermented on a shredded wheat medium. Selective supercritical fluid extraction was used in the rapid isolation of this otherwise intractable compound. Koninginin E inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat colcoptiles by 65% at 10(-3) M. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT CHEM, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP PARKER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. RI Schreiner, Peter Richard/A-4084-2008 OI Schreiner, Peter Richard/0000-0002-3608-5515 NR 7 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1747 EP 1749 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RX539 UT WOS:A1995RX53900032 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS CANALS, A GASBARRE, L AF ZARLENGA, DS CANALS, A GASBARRE, L TI METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING INTERNAL STANDARDS FOR USE IN COMPETITIVE PCR SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; RNA; QUANTITATION RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,LPSI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BLDG 1180,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 324 EP 326 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RU448 UT WOS:A1995RU44800001 PM 7495535 ER PT J AU SHAHJAHAN, RM ROGER, KJH LEOPOLD, RA DEVAULT, JD AF SHAHJAHAN, RM ROGER, KJH LEOPOLD, RA DEVAULT, JD TI LOWER INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE INCREASES YIELD OF INSECT GENOMIC DNA ISOLATED BY THE CTAB METHOD SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 2 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 332 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RU448 UT WOS:A1995RU44800003 PM 7495537 ER PT J AU KOZEMPEL, MF KURANTZ, MJ CRAIG, JC HICKS, KB AF KOZEMPEL, MF KURANTZ, MJ CRAIG, JC HICKS, KB TI DEVELOPMENT OF A CONTINUOUS LACTULOSE PROCESS - SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Note ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB We developed a continuous pilot plant process to produce lactulose from lactose using boric acid to boost the conversion to about 75%. The process consists of three reactors (two continuous stirred tank reactors followed by a tubular reactor), pH adjustment, a crystallizer-filter-evaporator recycle initial separation section, and a chromatographic purification system to produce lactulose containing less than 1-5 ppm of boric acid. The continuous process operates at 0.53 kg/min (20% solids) through the reactors and about 0.3 kg/min (55% solids) out of the initial separation section. The chromatographic separation is at the prep scale with a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The final product is a 55% solids syrup containing no detectable boric acid. RP KOZEMPEL, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 11 IS 5 BP 592 EP 595 DI 10.1021/bp00035a015 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RY989 UT WOS:A1995RY98900015 ER PT J AU MEDINA, E LUGO, AE NOVELO, A AF MEDINA, E LUGO, AE NOVELO, A TI MINERAL-CONTENT OF LEAF TISSUE FROM MANGROVE SPECIES OF THE SONTECOMAPAN LAGOON (VERACRUZ, MEXICO) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SALINITY SO BIOTROPICA LA Spanish DT Article DE FOLIAR NUTRIENTS; HALOPHYTES; MANGROVES; MINERAL CONTENT OF LEAVES; OSMOTIC PRESSURE; SALINITY AB Analyses of leaf osmolality and total nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) of the coastal vegetation of the Sontecomapan lagoon (Veracruz, Mexico) reveals the influence of penetration of sea water, and the differences in mineral uptake by typical halophytic species (Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa), facultative halophytes (Acrostichum aureum) and non-halophytes (Pachira aquatica). In these species leaf sap osmotic pressure and the leaf area/weight ratio increase, while the leaf area decreases with the salinity of interstitial water. Total N and P contents are correlated in all species, and in the mangrove species their contents decrease in the sampling sites with higher influence of marine water. The K/Na ratio is considerably higher in the non-halophyte species (P, aquatica 15.9; A. aureum 18.1 to 14.1) compared to the halophytic mangrove species (R. mangle 1.4 to 0.6; L, racemosa 3.3 to 1.9). C1 US FOREST SERV,INST INT DASONOMIA TROP,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,DEPT BOT,INST BIOL,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. RP MEDINA, E (reprint author), INST VENEZOLANO INVEST CIENT,CTR ECOL,APTDO 21827,CARACAS 1020A,VENEZUELA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.2307/2388917 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RX536 UT WOS:A1995RX53600004 ER PT J AU SELLERS, P HALL, F MARGOLIS, H KELLY, B BALDOCCHI, D DENHARTOG, G CIHLAR, J RYAN, MG GOODISON, B CRILL, P RANSON, KJ LETTENMAIER, D WICKLAND, DE AF SELLERS, P HALL, F MARGOLIS, H KELLY, B BALDOCCHI, D DENHARTOG, G CIHLAR, J RYAN, MG GOODISON, B CRILL, P RANSON, KJ LETTENMAIER, D WICKLAND, DE TI THE BOREAL ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE STUDY (BOREAS) - AN OVERVIEW AND EARLY RESULTS FROM THE 1994 FIELD YEAR SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL; DYNAMICS; CARBON; FIFE AB The Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) is a large-scale international field experiment that has the goal of improving our understanding of the exchanges of radiative energy, heat, water, CO2, and trace gases between the boreal forest and the lower atmosphere. An important objective of BOREAS is to collect the data needed to improve computer simulation models of the processes controlling these exchanges so that scientists can anticipate the effects of global change. From August 1993 through September 1994, a continuous set of monitoring measurements-meteorology, hydrology, and satellite remote sensing-were gathered over the 1000 x 1000 km BOREAS study region that covers most of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. This monitoring program was punctuated by six campaigns that saw the deployment of some 300 scientists and aircrew into the field, supported by 11 research aircraft. The participants were drawn primarily from U.S. and Canadian agencies and universities, although there were also important contributions from France, the United Kingdom, and Russia. The field campaigns lasted for a total of 123 days and saw the compilation of a comprehensive surface-atmosphere flux dataset supported by ecological, trace gas, hydrological, and remote sensing science observations. The surface-atmosphere fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2, and momentum were measured using eddy correlation equipment mounted on a surface network of 10 towers complemented by four flux-measurement aircraft. All in all, over 350 airborne missions (remote sensing and eddy correlation) were flown during the 1994 field year. Preliminary analyses of the data indicate that the area-averaged photosynthetic capacity of the boreal forest is much less than that of the temperate forests to the south. This is reflected in very low photosynthetic and carbon drawdown rates, which in turn are associated with low transpiration rates (less than 2 mm day-1 over the growing season for the coniferous species in the area). The strong sensible fluxes generated as a result of this often lead to the development of a deep dry planetary boundary layer over the forest, particularly during the spring and early summer. The effects of frozen soils and the strong physiological control of evapotranspiration in the biome do not seem to be well represented in most operational general circulation models of the atmosphere. Analyses of the data will continue through 1995 and 1996. Some limited revisits to the field are anticipated. C1 UNIV LAVAL,ST FOY,PQ,CANADA. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LARAMIE,WY. NOAA,OAK RIDGE,TN. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,DOWNSVIEW,ON,CANADA. CANADIAN CTR REMOTE SENSING,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. USDA,FT COLLINS,CO. CLIMATE RES BRANCH,DOWNSVIEW,ON,CANADA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DURHAM,NH. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA. NASA HEADQUARTERS,WASHINGTON,DC. RP SELLERS, P (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,BLDG 22,CODE 923,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 21 TC 361 Z9 375 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 76 IS 9 BP 1549 EP 1577 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<1549:TBESAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RZ299 UT WOS:A1995RZ29900001 ER PT J AU STAHLER, MM ASCHER, PD LUBY, JJ ROELFS, AP AF STAHLER, MM ASCHER, PD LUBY, JJ ROELFS, AP TI SEXUAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATIONS OF FRAGARIA-VIRGINIANA (ROSACEAE) COLLECTED FROM MINNESOTA AND WESTERN WISCONSIN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE FRAGARIA CHILOENSIS; FRAGARIA VESCA; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; DIOECY; INTROGRESSION; EVOLUTION ID SEED PLANTS; EVOLUTION; DIOECY; HYPOTHESES AB Populations of Fragaria virginiana Miller collected from 39 sites in Minnesota and western Wisconsin were gynodioecious, in that 35% of the plants were pistillate, 65% were hermaphroditic with perfect flowers, and none were staminate, when scared for gender expression in greenhouse or field plantings. Instability of gender expression across environments was apparent in 15% of the collections and these genotypes that appeared to change gender were termed weak hermaphrodites. Variation in gender composition of collections was not related in any consistent manner with the plant communities characterizing the collection sites. The proportions of pistillate plants, total hermaphrodites, strong hermaphrodites, and weak hermaphrodites in collections from the northern forest floristic province in the northeastern part of the region were not significantly different from those of collections from the southwestern prairie-forest floristic region, although collections from the prairie-forest province were more variable for gender composition than populations from the northern forest province. Lack of staminate plants and increased percentages of hermaphrodite plants, relative to reports in the literature, suggest that the gender composition of F. virginiana populations in Minnesota has changed, perhaps as a result of introgression from hermaphroditic Fragaria xananassa or Fragaria vesca. C1 USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP STAHLER, MM (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1457 EP 1463 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RX213 UT WOS:A1995RX21300017 ER PT J AU KNOWE, SA STEIN, WI AF KNOWE, SA STEIN, WI TI PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF SITE PREPARATION AND PROTECTION ON DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG DOUGLAS-FIR PLANTATIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION MODELS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; PINE PLANTATIONS; SAPLINGS; STANDS AB Diameter prediction models based on the Weibull distribution function acid stand-table projection models based on changes in relative diameter were developed for 2- to 10-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) plantations. Both modeling approaches incorporated the effects of site preparation, animal protection, and competing vegetation. The diameter distribution approach is appropriate when information on initial diameters is not available. The stand-table projection approach may be applied when tree diameters in a plantation are measured two or more growing seasons after planting. At young ages, the stand-table approach provided more accurate representation of observed diameter distributions than the diameter distribution approach. At age 10 the two methods provided comparable diameter distributions. The equations derived for predicting survival, height growth of dominant trees, height-diameter relationships, and the development of woody vegetation over time will facilitate the study and comparison of stand structure and dynamics after various site-preparation and animal-protection treatments. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP KNOWE, SA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1538 EP 1547 DI 10.1139/x95-167 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RZ628 UT WOS:A1995RZ62800015 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT GREGOIRE, TG AF SCHREUDER, HT GREGOIRE, TG TI ESTIMATING CONDITION AREAS AND BOUNDARY LENGTHS IN SAMPLE PLOTS WITH MAPPED DESIGNS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note AB Currently the U.S. Forest Service is implementing different versions of sampling a mapped cluster of subplots on the ground for estimating forest parameters. Biased estimators of lengths of boundaries between forest conditions and unbiased but inefficient estimators of areas in these conditions are available. Improved estimators are given for these ecological parameters for each subplot (and hence for the population) by measuring some additional distances to the boundary and then using either easily implemented triangulation approximation techniques, grid counting, and line transect sampling, or importance sampling. The triangulation approximation techniques are preferred at this time for operational surveys such as those conducted by the U.S. Forest Service. Boundary lengths and areas and the co-location frequency of various forest conditions, ecotones, or transition zones have traditionally not been of interest in forest surveys but can now be objectively and reliably estimated with the new mapped designs. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1548 EP 1553 DI 10.1139/x95-168 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RZ628 UT WOS:A1995RZ62800016 ER PT J AU BREGITZER, P POULSON, M JONES, BL AF BREGITZER, P POULSON, M JONES, BL TI MALTING QUALITY OF BARLEY LINES DERIVED FROM TISSUE-CULTURE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION AB The occurrence of somaclonal (tissue culture-derived) variation in plants regenerated from tissue culture will influence the efficiency with which techniques such as genetic transformation can be used in the development of new barley cultivars. To assess the effect of somaclonal variation on malting quality, 12 families of tissue culture-derived lines from three barley cultivars were analyzed using standard micromalting techniques. Each family was derived from a single regenerated plant that, in turn, was derived from an immature embryo callus culture. Five to six plants from each family were selected in the R(2) generation based on phenotypic similarity to their uncultured parental controls, and advanced to the R(4) and R(5) generations for replicated field tests. The malting quality of the majority of these lines was altered by passage through tissue culture, and most alterations were undesirable. These results suggest that efforts should be made to delineate in vitro (tissue culture) conditions that are less mutagenic to cultured barley cells. C1 USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. RP BREGITZER, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,POB 307,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 72 IS 5 BP 433 EP 435 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RW578 UT WOS:A1995RW57800003 ER PT J AU DOVIDIO, R SIMEONE, M MASCI, S PORCEDDU, E KASARDA, DD AF DOVIDIO, R SIMEONE, M MASCI, S PORCEDDU, E KASARDA, DD TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF A GAMMA-TYPE GLUTENIN GENE FROM A DURUM-WHEAT - CORRELATION WITH A GAMMA-TYPE GLUTENIN SUBUNIT FROM THE SAME BIOTYPE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; GLIADIN GENE; PROTEINS; PREDICTION; PEPTIDES; QUALITY AB A gene coding for an apparent gamma-type glutenin subunit has been cloned from the biotype Lira 45 of the durum wheat cultivar Lira and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the gene from clone pTD9 showed almost perfect homology with a complete gamma-type glutenin gene of Triticum aestivum L. and with an incomplete, presumably gamma-type glutenin gene isolated from a different cultivar of Triticum durum Desf. All three genes code for proteins that have an additional cysteine residue in the N-terminal region at residue 26; there are nine cysteines in the molecule rather than the eight that are typical of gamma-gliadins. This odd cysteine makes it reasonably certain that the equivalent protein will be incorporated into glutenin polymers, because all other cysteines were homologous to those in classical gamma-gliadins, making it likely that they form the usual four intramolecular disulfide bonds characteristic of gamma-gliadins. Accordingly, the ninth (odd) cysteine should be available for intermolecular disulfide bond formation. The ability to form only a single intermolecular disulfide bond would cause the molecule to act as a chain terminator during formation of glutenin polymers. In support of this, a gamma-type glutenin was purified from a glutenin preparation derived from the same biotype (Lira 45) and characterized by N-terminal amino acid sequencing to show perfect homology at the N-terminus with the protein sequence derived from sequencing of the pTD9 clone, including the cysteine at residue 26. A computer molecular model of the protein equivalent to pTD9, based on the sequence and on the disulfide bond arrangements found for gamma-gliadins (Kohler et al 1993), provides a hypothetical three-dimensional structure for the gamma-type glutenin subunit. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP DOVIDIO, R (reprint author), UNIV TUSCIA,DIPARTIMENTO AGROBIOL & AGROCHIM,VIA SAN C DE LELLIS,I-01100 VITERBO,ITALY. RI D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014; Masci, Stefania/B-6690-2013 OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898; Masci, Stefania/0000-0003-2857-4498 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 72 IS 5 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RW578 UT WOS:A1995RW57800005 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, FR BIETZ, JA AF HUEBNER, FR BIETZ, JA TI RAPID AND SENSITIVE WHEAT-PROTEIN FRACTIONATION AND VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION BY NARROW-BORE REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BREADMAKING QUALITY; STORAGE PROTEINS; UNITED-STATES; GLIADINS; SEPARATION; CULTIVARS AB For wheat varietal identification by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), gliadins are typically extracted from approximate to 50 mg of flour with 70% ethanol. Aliquots 10-15 mu l are analyzed on 15- or 25-cm x 4.6-mm (i.d.) columns at 1.0 ml/min for approximate to 1 hr. A gradient of increasing acetonitrile concentration, containing trifluoroacetic acid, is commonly used to elute proteins. However, such solvents are expensive, and present a disposal problem. Smaller RP-HPLC columns offer shorter analysis times, reduced flow rates, decreased disposal problems, and lower cost per analysis. The ability of such columns to fractionate gliadins and to differentiate cultivars was investigated. Using a 3.2-mm x 15-cm C-4 column, flow rate, sample size, analysis time, and solvent consumption were reduced by half, while preserving excellent resolution of extracted proteins. Gliadins can also be extracted from as little as 1-2 mg of flour or ground endosperm. With a 2.1-mm x 15-cm C-4 column (Vydac), further reductions of flow rates and analysis time (about one fourth that of a standard column) are possible, while maintaining excellent resolution. Under these conditions, solvent use is about one eighth that of standard RP-HPLC analyses. To further reduce analysis time and sample consumption, gradient times can be reduced to as little as one tenth that of standard columns, and separations can be done in only 9-10 min. Some resolution is sacrificed for such rapid analyses; while this is often acceptable, it may sometimes prevent differentiation of genetically similar cultivars that are otherwise identifiable. Similar RP-HPLC procedures can be used to analyze reduced subunits of glutenins. The ability to perform such rapid, high-resolution analyses of small samples, with low solvent consumption, suggests that narrow-bore RP-HPLC may become especially useful for selection and identification during wheat breeding. RP HUEBNER, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 72 IS 5 BP 504 EP 507 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RW578 UT WOS:A1995RW57800015 ER PT J AU PREUSS, HG GONDAL, JA BUSTOS, E BUSHEHRI, N LIEBERMAN, S BRYDEN, NA POLANSKY, MM ANDERSON, RA AF PREUSS, HG GONDAL, JA BUSTOS, E BUSHEHRI, N LIEBERMAN, S BRYDEN, NA POLANSKY, MM ANDERSON, RA TI EFFECTS OF CHROMIUM AND GUAR ON SUGAR-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN RATS SO CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHROMIUM; EFFECT ON BP; GUAR, EFFECT ON BP; SUGAR-INDUCED BP ELEVATIONS ID FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERTENSION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; BLOOD-PRESSURE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; SUCROSE INGESTION; MILD HYPERTENSION; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; DIETARY FIBER; CARBOHYDRATE AB Ingestion of sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose) by various rat strains is associated with perturbations in the glucose/insulin system and higher systolic blood pressure (SEP). The association suggests causality, because alterations in insulin metabolism have been found in essential hypertension and many experimental forms of hypertension. To test the hypothesis that sugar-induced SEP elevation is secondary to perturbed insulin metabolism, we examined in 2 experiments effects of chromium and guar, substances known to affect insulin metabolism, on SEP of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). In both studies, sucrose compared to starch ingestion caused significant elevation of SEP; but addition of 2 chromium nicotinate complexes and guar prevented development of sugar-induced SEP elevations. The basal, genetic hypertension of the SHR was not affected by either nutrient. An additional finding in the first study was that sugar-consuming SHR supplemented with chromium had greater BW and increased organ weight (kidney, spleen, and liver) than nonsupplemented SHR. Accordingly, we have shown that two different mechanisms known to ameliorate insulin perturbations, use of chromium and guar, prevent sugar-induced SEP elevations. Since essential hypertension may be due to insulin perturbations and high dose chromium supplementation seems nontoxic, this may prove to be a useful means to lower blood pressure (BP) in some essential hypertensives, as well as diabetic hypertensives. Soluble fiber in the form of guar is also quite effective in favorably influencing sugar-induced SEP elevations. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP PREUSS, HG (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED NEPHROL,BLDG D,RM G 52B,4000 RESERVOIR RD NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI MUNCHEN-DEISENHOFEN PA BAHNHOFSTRABE 9 POSTFACH 49, W-8024 MUNCHEN-DEISENHOFEN, GERMANY SN 0301-0430 J9 CLIN NEPHROL JI Clin. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 44 IS 3 BP 170 EP 177 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA RV444 UT WOS:A1995RV44400005 PM 8556833 ER PT J AU YOUNG, OP AF YOUNG, OP TI GROUND-SURFACE ACTIVITY OF COTINIS-NITIDA (L) (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE, CETONIINAE) LARVAE IN AN OLD-FIELD HABITAT SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Pitfall traps in operation for 14 consecutive months in an old-field habitat in Washington County, Mississippi, captured 102 larval Cotinis nitida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) during the period of August to December. Head capsule measurements of the larvae indicated that three instars were present, with their occurrence showing a seasonal progression. Peak surface larval activity occurred in October and November, with no larvae captured on the soil surface between mid-December and early August. Adult beetles were not detected by a variety of methods during the entire sampling period. Successional changes in the habitat may have influenced the observed pattern of beetle occurrence and activity. C1 USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 49 IS 3 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RW949 UT WOS:A1995RW94900003 ER PT J AU COLBERT, JJ AF COLBERT, JJ TI INTRODUCTION - MODELS AS LINKS BETWEEN EMPIRICISM AND THEORY INSECT ECOLOGY SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP COLBERT, JJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 13 IS 2 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0168-1699(95)00020-5 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA TA478 UT WOS:A1995TA47800001 ER PT J AU COLBERT, JJ XU, RM JIANG, NQ AF COLBERT, JJ XU, RM JIANG, NQ TI SIMPLIFIED GYPSY-MOTH MODEL SYSTEM - MODEL DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE DISCRETE MODELING; POPULATION DYNAMICS; LYMANTRIA DISPAR ID SIMULATION; GROWTH AB A simple discrete Lotka-Volterra type model of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) was developed using the more detailed Gypsy Moth Life System Model and related information. The tree equation is derived from the diameter growth of a gap model, extended to include crowding effects of stocking. The gypsy moth equation tracks eggs from generation to generation and translates this to subsequent larval density to predict food requirements of the population each year. The model explores the effect of gypsy moth feeding on diameter growth of trees and the available foliage on population dynamics. This model exhibits an exceptional range of behaviors. We use analytic techniques to explore the bases for these behaviors. C1 BEIJING NORMAL UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BEIJING 100875,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP COLBERT, JJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 13 IS 2 BP 115 EP 131 DI 10.1016/0168-1699(95)00026-Z PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA TA478 UT WOS:A1995TA47800004 ER PT J AU JIANG, NQ XU, RM COLBERT, JJ AF JIANG, NQ XU, RM COLBERT, JJ TI A SIMPLIFIED GYPSY-MOTH MODEL SYSTEM - GLOBAL BEHAVIOR AND PARAMETER ANALYSIS SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE MODEL BEHAVIOR; SIMULATION; GYPSY MOTH AB The simplified gypsy moth model system (SGMMS) is represented by three-stage discrete equations, using an annual time step. Qualitative analysis of the SGMMS reveals the trajectory of G(t+1) against G(t) on a phase plane. The eigenvalue, V, of the system is determined by four parameters: SR (sex ratio), F (female fecundity), k (generation survivorship except for fourth through sixth instars) and A (survivorship of fourth through sixth instars without density effect). The global behavior is determined by V and the gypsy moth initial density (G(0)) This system can display stable asymptotic, stable oscillatory, or unstable oscillatory including chaos. The influence of host plant species and the sensitivity of parameters are evaluated using accumulated numbers of gypsy moth eggs in 10 pars (SG(10)). When foliage is in short supply, the values of SG(10) for red oak, American beech, red maple, and white oak are of the ratio 1:0.7:0.98:0.83. The sensitivity of the parameters SR, F, k, G(0), a, b, c, A, B, and N also are discussed. C1 BEIJING NORMAL UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BEIJING 100875,PEOPLES R CHINA. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 13 IS 2 BP 133 EP 153 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA TA478 UT WOS:A1995TA47800005 ER PT J AU CLARK, L AF CLARK, L TI EFFECTS OF PARTICLE-SIZE ON STARLING PREFERENCE FOR FOOD COATED WITH ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL; GRIT; PARTICLE SIZE; REPELLENT; STARLING; STURNUS VULGARIS ID ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS L; CORNFIELD BIRDS; MALLARD; MODEL AB Using European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) as a model, the intake of feed blended with different sized particles of activated charcoal was monitored in one- and two-cup feeding trials. Charcoal particles of the same size class as the food (1.7-0.25 mm) did not affect consumption by birds. Birds decreased consumption of food coated with charcoal particles of 0.25-0.106 mm. Coating the food with ultra-fine particles, <0.106 mm, did not affect food intake. The hypothesis that activated charcoal exerts its repellent effect due to organic suppressed food consumption. Coating food with particles of intermediate size may change the textural characteristics of the food such that it is recognized as grit, not as food. Ultra-fine coatings of food are perceptually perceived as smooth. Thus, reduced consumption of treated food does not reflect repellency per se. Rather, reduced intake reflects a change in perception of the experimental food particle and consumption rate is commensurate with intake of non-nutritive particles, i.e. grit. Contingent upon further evaluation, this trait might be exploited for the non-chemical protection of seeds and granular pesticides. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,3500 MKT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)00018-4 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TA110 UT WOS:A1995TA11000004 ER PT J AU MASON, JR CLARK, L AF MASON, JR CLARK, L TI EVALUATION OF METHYL ANTHRANILATE AND ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL AS SNOW GOOSE GRAZING DETERRENTS SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE ANJAN-ACTIVATED; CHARCOAL; CHEN CAERULESCENS; GOOSE; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; REJEX-IT; REPELLENT ID GEESE; REPELLENCY AB Because greater snow geese (Chen caerulescens) damage grain crops and turf grass throughout the eastern United States, repellents are being sought. In the present experiment, 12 0.4-ha study plots were treated with methyl anthranilate (Rejex-It AG-36(R), 3.4 kg a.i.), an aqueous slurry of activated charcoal (Anjan-activaid(R), 3.4 kg a.i.), or left unsprayed, as a control. Both methyl anthranilate and activated charcoal significantly reduced feces within plots for 16 days post-treatment compared to unsprayed plots. Methyl anthranilate and activated charcoal appear to be promising candidate repellents to deter grazing by snow geese. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,3500 MKT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 467 EP 469 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00027-J PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TA110 UT WOS:A1995TA11000005 ER PT J AU WHITE, WH RICHARD, EP AF WHITE, WH RICHARD, EP TI SUGARCANE RECOVERY FROM SPRING STAND LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH SIMULATED INSECT FEEDING AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE SIMULATED STAND LOSS; FENAC; METRIBUZIN; TERBACIL ID SACCHARUM SP AB The influence of stand losses of sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) shoots in the spring associated with simulated insect feeding was investigated by removing 0, 25, 50, and 75% of the emerged sugarcane shoots 2-5 cm below the soil surface in mid-March, mid-April, and mid-May in plant-cane and first-ratoon fields of sugarcane. The effects of spring stand reductions on sugar yield and its components were determined at the end of the growing season and in the subsequent ratoon crops that remained in a conventional, Louisiana 3-year crop cycle. Sugar yields were affected by a 25% removal of shoots only when the removal occurred in mid-May during the first-ratoon crop. Reductions in sugar yield ranged from 6 to 10% when 50% of the shoots were removed in mid-April or mid-May, to 8-18% when 75% of the shoots were removed. Reductions in sugar yield associated with the April and May removal dates were generally higher when shoots were removed during the first-ratoon than the plant-cane crop. Although reductions in sugar yield were obtained in the subsequent ratoon crops, reductions in cumulative sugar yields were not as great as the reductions in the affected crop. Yearly and cumulative sugar yields were higher when metribuzin was applied each spring than when fenac or terbacil was applied; however, none of these herbicides appeared to influence how quickly the cane crop recovered from shoot loss. Reductions in yearly, tennant grower profits were greater than the reductions in sugar yield following shoot loss when averaged over an 8-year, two crop cycle, payback period. Due to high planting costs, the premature destruction of the crop prior to the completion of its 3-year crop cycle was not warranted despite the significant reduction in profit. RP WHITE, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00036-L PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TA110 UT WOS:A1995TA11000008 ER PT J AU BREWER, GJ CHARLET, LD AF BREWER, GJ CHARLET, LD TI MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO THE RED SUNFLOWER SEED WEEVIL IN SUNFLOWER ACCESSIONS SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE HELIANTHUS; SMICRONYX FULVUS; PREFERENCE; ANTIBIOSIS ID SMICRONYX-FULVUS COLEOPTERA; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; NORTH-DAKOTA; CURCULIONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; BIONOMICS AB In the northern Great Plains of North America, internal seed feeding by larvae of the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, causes economic damage to sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Our purpose was to identify sunflower germplasm with resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil and to determine mechanisms of resistance. In 1986, 300 sunflower accessions were evaluated for the percentage of seed damaged by red sunflower seed weevil larvae. In 1987, six accessions selected on the basis of the 1986 results were evaluated for resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil. The selected accessions had flowering dates comparable to the susceptible check. The percentage of seeds with exit holes (emerged and successfully developed larvae), with larvae (unemerged larvae remaining in the seed), with inclusive damage (total percentage of seeds with exit holes or larvae), and with adult feeding or oviposition scars was used to test for larval antibiosis and adult preference. Larval antibiosis was detected in accessions 251465, 175730, 170407 and 170408 which had significantly higher percentages of seeds with larvae than did the susceptible check. The percentages of seeds with larvae and with inclusive damage were positively correlated with adult feeding or oviposition scars. Therefore, in the accessions tested, larval infestations appeared to be at least partially determined by adult red sunflower seed weevil preference. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BREWER, GJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 501 EP 503 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00033-I PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TA110 UT WOS:A1995TA11000011 ER PT J AU ENGEMAN, RM BARNES, VG ANTHONY, RM KRUPA, HW AF ENGEMAN, RM BARNES, VG ANTHONY, RM KRUPA, HW TI VEGETATION MANAGEMENT FOR REDUCING MORTALITY OF PONDEROSA PINE-SEEDLINGS FROM THOMOMYS SPP SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; ANIMAL DAMAGE; REFORESTATION; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; POCKET GOPHER ID POCKET GOPHERS AB The effects of vegetation management on Mazama pocket gopher activity and damage to ponderosa pine seedlings were studied using atrazine herbicide to alter the habitat. Atrazine treatments were applied to a large treatment unit and observed effects were compared to an untreated control unit. The greatly reduced forb and grass cover on the treated unit was associated with a corresponding decrease in pocket gopher activity. Times until seedlings first incurred gopher damage and overall survival of two cohorts of seedlings were greatly increased on the treated unit. C1 USDI,NBS,KODIAK NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,KODIAK,AK 99615. USDI,NBS,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP ENGEMAN, RM (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25266,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00034-J PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TA110 UT WOS:A1995TA11000012 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD AF BUHLER, DD TI INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON WEED POPULATION-DYNAMICS AND MANAGEMENT IN CORN AND SOYBEAN IN THE CENTRAL USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ZEA-MAYS; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; GLYCINE-MAX; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SETARIA-FABERI; GIANT FOXTAIL; SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT AB Species composition and population densities of weed communities of arable land reflect agronomic practices. The trend toward reducing tillage in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production changes the environment where weeds are managed, survive, and reproduce. The shift from tillage systems that include extensive annual soil disturbance to systems that minimize soil disturbance will cause major changes in weed population dynamics. These changes often reduce the effectiveness of weed control practices. Reduced herbicide efficacy has slowed adoption of conservation tillage because many conservation tillage systems rely heavily on herbicides for weed management. Poor understanding of weed population dynamics and lack of suitable control alternatives often result in increased herbicide use in conservation tillage systems. While results have varied among experiments, some general trends in weed population dynamics have arisen as tillage is reduced. These include increased populations of perennial, summer annual grass, biennial, and winter annual species. Densities of large-seeded dicot species often decrease. The ecological and management aspects of these changes are varied and complex. Effective, economical, and environmentally sound weed management in conservation tillage systems will require integration of new information with established principles of weed management. New management systems and control technologies are needed to develop Integrated weed management systems for the altered ecosystems created by conservation tillage production systems. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 104 TC 159 Z9 176 U1 4 U2 33 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1258 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100001 ER PT J AU LAMKEY, KR SCHNICKER, BJ MELCHINGER, AE AF LAMKEY, KR SCHNICKER, BJ MELCHINGER, AE TI EPISTASIS IN AN ELITE MAIZE HYBRID AND CHOICE OF GENERATION FOR INBRED LINE DEVELOPMENT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERITABILITY; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; ALLELES; CROSSES; F2 AB Second cycle breeding, utilizing backcross and F-2 generations, has become the predominant type of line development program in the U,S. maize (Zea mays L,) industry, Epistasis and linkage have been identified as possible limits to progress from selection in F-2 and backcross populations. Objectives of this study were to determine the importance of epistasis in an elite maize hybrid and to determine the appropriate generation for initiation of inbred line development. Six generations of progeny were developed from B73 and B84: the two parental generations, P1 (B73) and P2 (B84); the F-2 generation [(B73 x B84) F-2]; the BCP1 generation [B73 x B84) x B73]; the BCP2 generation [(B73 x B84) x B84]; and the F-2-Syn 8 generation (the F-2 generation random mated for eight generations). Testcross progeny were produced by crossing random So plants from each of the six generations onto the inbred tester Mo17, One-hundred progeny of Fz x Mo17 and F-2-Syn 8 x Mo17 and 50 progeny of BCP1 x Mo17 and BCP2 x Mo17, as well as the parental testcrosses, were harvested, The experiment was evaluated at four locations in 1990 and three locations in 1991, Epistatic effects were significant for grain yield and grain moisture, and accounted for 21 and 18% of the variation among generation means, respectively, The genetic variance and heritability for grain yield ranked F-2-Syn 8 > F-2 > BCP1 > BCP2, but differences among generations were not significant. The predicted gains for each generation ranked in agreement with the heritability, Under low selection intensities (alpha = 20%), the predicted mean (usefulness) ranked the generations BCP2 > F-2 > F-2-Syn 8 > BCP1. Under high selection intensity (alpha = 1%), usefulness ranked the generations F-2 > F-2-Syn 8 > BCP2 > BCP1, The choice between F-2 and backcrosses as source populations is primarily a function of selection intensity, Our results suggest little to no advantage of random mating the F-2 before initiating selection and inbreeding. C1 CORNNUTS INC,URBANA,OH 43078. UNIV HOHENHEIM,INST PLANT BREEDING SEED SCI & POPULAT GENET 3501,D-70593 STUTTGART,GERMANY. RP LAMKEY, KR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 25 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1272 EP 1281 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100004 ER PT J AU PEDERSON, GA PRATT, RG AF PEDERSON, GA PRATT, RG TI DIFFERENTIAL SUMMER SURVIVAL OF WHITE CLOVER STOLONS - GERMPLASM AND FUNGICIDE EFFECTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE; BENOMYL; YIELD AB White clover (Trifolium repens L.) stands in the southeastern USA survive during summer drought predominantly through persistence of stolons. The decay and death of stolons during the hot, humid summer may be partially due to fungal diseases. This study determined the effect of summer fungicide applications on stolen survival of 'Regal' and 'Louisiana S-1' white clover compared with drought-tolerant Brown Loam Syn. No. 2 germplasm (BLSyn). The three white clover entries were grown in the held on a Catalpa silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) at Mississippi State, MS, in three separate l-yr studies. During summer stolen dormancy, plots of each entry were either untreated or sprayed biweekly with benomyl [methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate]. In 2 of 3 yr, BLSyn had 23 to 63% greater ground cover, 33 to 55% greater stolen density, and 30 to 47% greater relative live stolen length following the summer drought than Louisiana S-l. In all 3 yr, BLSyn had greater relative live stolen length (7-18%) following the summer drought than Regal. Plots treated with benomyl had 14 to 52% greater stolen density (in 2 of 3 yr), 14 to 40% greater stolen growing point density, and 9 to 27% greater relative live stolen length than untreated plots. Benomyl treatment gave less of an increase in relative Live stolen length of BLSyn than in the two cultivars. These results suggest that fungal pathogenesis may reduce white clover stolen survival during summer dormancy, and that greater fungal disease resistance could be part of the mechanism of improved summer survival in BLSyn white clover. RP PEDERSON, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1282 EP 1287 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100005 ER PT J AU YU, MH AF YU, MH TI IDENTIFICATION OF A BETA-MARITIMA SOURCE OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE FOR SUGAR-BEET SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; SECTION AB Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are economically important plant pests that cause root gall symptoms and limit sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. With the increasingly restrictive use of nematicides, the development of resistant sugarbeet cultivars becomes urgent. This study was conducted to identify the source of root-knot nematode resistance and to evaluate transmission of resistance in sugarbeet hybrid progeny. One hundred-ninety B. vulgaris and 113 sea beet (B. maritima L.) germplasm lines and accessions were evaluated for nematode resistance, via 1000 second-stage juveniles (J2) per-plant inoculations, under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions from 1993 to 1994. Beet seedlings developed better root systems in conetainers and pulp pots than in growth pouches for host reaction to the nematode infection assay. From non-cultivated sea beet, an accession (PI 546387) was identified that segregated for plants free from root gall formation and from reproduction of M. incognita Race 1. Resistance was transmitted to approximately 23% of the F-1 progeny when resistant B. maritima phenotypes were crossed to sugarbeet. Development of sugarbeet root-knot nematode resistant cultivars should be facilitated by this identification of a resistance source and the close phylogenetic relationship of the two Beta taxa. RP YU, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1290 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100006 ER PT J AU RAGOT, M SISCO, PH HOISINGTON, DA STUBER, CW AF RAGOT, M SISCO, PH HOISINGTON, DA STUBER, CW TI MOLECULAR-MARKER-MEDIATED CHARACTERIZATION OF FAVORABLE EXOTIC ALLELES AT QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI IN MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; MENDELIAN FACTORS; FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; INBRED LINES; CORN BELT; GERMPLASM; LINKAGE; TOMATO; YIELD; HETEROSIS AB Exotic maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm, shown to be useful for developing improved temperate cultivars, has remained little used partly because of many inherent shortcomings. Five Fz populations, developed from South American and U.S, germplasm, were used to detect favorable factors of exotic origin at quantitative trait loci (QTL) with isozymes and RFLPs. A number of traits of agronomic importance, including grain yield, were measured on Pt individuals and/or F-3 families grown in several environments. Many QTLs, mostly with small effects, were identified. Major QTLs for grain yield and number of ears per plant were located on chromosomes 3 and 6. Stability of QTLs across environments was high. Favorable alleles of exotic origin were found at QTLs for several traits including grain yield and number of ears per plant. Most of these alleles also showed undesirable effects on other traits, however. Nevertheless, the superiority of exotic alleles over adapted alleles was demonstrated clearly al a few QTLs, reaffirming the usefulness of exotic germplasm for temperate maize breeding. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. CIMMYT,MEXICO CITY 06600,DF,MEXICO. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP RAGOT, M (reprint author), CIBA SEEDS,CH-4002 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. NR 41 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1306 EP 1315 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100009 ER PT J AU LORENZEN, LL BOUTIN, S YOUNG, N SPECHT, JE SHOEMAKER, RC AF LORENZEN, LL BOUTIN, S YOUNG, N SPECHT, JE SHOEMAKER, RC TI SOYBEAN PEDIGREE ANALYSIS USING MAP-BASED MOLECULAR MARKERS .1. TRACKING RFLP MARKERS IN CULTIVARS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; LOCI AB The history of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar development is relatively short. Approximately 80% of the germplasm present in modern cultivars can be traced back to just 12 ancestral lines which were introduced into the USA in the early 1900s. This limited number of ancestral contributors and short history make soybean a promising system for marker-facilitated, pedigree-based, genetic analysis, The overall objectives of this project were to (i) identify a core set of markers that would be useful for pedigree-based analyses of elite soybean cultivars, (ii) trace markers and chromosomal regions from ancestral to descendent cultivars, (iii) determine if the observed and theoretical contribution of parental genomes to cultivar progeny were comparable, and (iv) demonstrate the utility of pedigree-based or codescent mapping in the detection of putative linkages between molecular markers and phenotypic traits. Sixty-four soybean lines including ancestral and milestone cultivars were analyzed at 217 RFLP loci to identify a core set of markers to use in evaluating these, and other elite breeding lines. A core set of 97 polymorphic loci were identified for genetic: analysis. Results demonstrated that genomic regions contributed by a parent can be traced, often for more than a generation. Six generations of cultivar development were included in this analysis, and one RFLP allele, R013-1-b, could be traced through all six generations. Results also revealed that two pedigrees, that of Lincoln and Ogden, could not be supported by RFLP analysis, although it is possible that the pedigrees reported are correct and the incorrect accessions are maintained in the USDA collection. Comparison of the predicted amount of germplasm contributed by a parent, and the amount observed by RFLP analysis revealed that in only four out of 26 instances did one parent provide more genetic information than expected, Codescent analysis of markers and phenotypes demonstrated putative linkages with B and Dt1. The ability to follow regions of chromosomes from parent to offspring through multiple generations should provide an understanding of what transpired at the molecular level during the breeding of cultivars over the last 55 yr, Graphical genotypes of the cultivars analyzed in this study, and the raw RFLP data, are available for electronic transfer. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FCR,AMES,IA 50011. RP LORENZEN, LL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1336 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100012 ER PT J AU COX, TS AF COX, TS TI SIMULTANEOUS SELECTION FOR MAJOR AND MINOR RESISTANCE GENES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MARKERS AB In many crop species, genes that confer resistance to diseases or insects often exhibit strong dominance and epistasis. As a result, it is generally considered difficult or impossible to accumulate, or pyramid, resistance genes with both large and small effects in a single population or cultivar. Availability of differential disease or insect cultures or molecular markers linked to major resistance loci may allow such loci to be pyramided efficiently, along with minor genes. A deterministic model was used to simulate recurrent selection by truncation in a population segregating at multiple loci with intra- and interlocus interactions similar to those that occur in systems of resistance genes. Selection at major loci generated large nonadditive genetic variances and gametic disequilibria. Phenotypic selection at minor loci was generally ineffective when major genes were also present; pleiotropic penalties on resistance genes caused minor resistance alleles to be eliminated from the population, illustrating the Vertifolia effect. The most effective method by which frequencies of both major and minor genes could be increased simultaneously was to use data from differential cultures or linked markers to discard all individuals with more than one major allele and then select the most resistance of the remaining individuals in each cycle, based on means of their selfed progenies. This methodology increased the frequency of desired genotypes to a level at which use of the population in a breeding program would be practical. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP COX, TS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1346 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100013 ER PT J AU RASAMIVELONA, A GRAVOIS, KA DILDAY, RH AF RASAMIVELONA, A GRAVOIS, KA DILDAY, RH TI HERITABILITY AND GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR STRAIGHTHEAD IN RICE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; STERILITY; MSMA AB Straighthead is a physiological disorder of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is manifested by floret sterility resulting in yield loss. The objectives of this study were to estimate the narrow-sense heritability (h(2)) and the relative importance of genotype x environment interactions for straighthead and to suggest an optimum experimental design for straighthead screening. Ten commercial cultivars and 22 randomly chosen experimental lines representing southern USA rice germplasm were tested from 1991 to 1993 at three Arkansas locations: Stuttgart [Crowley silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Typic Albaqualf)], Marianna (Loring silt loam [fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalf)], and Colt [Calloway silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Glossaquic Fragiudalf)]. Straighthead was induced by monosodium methane arsenate [4.48 kg a.i. ha(-1)] incorporated into the soil before planting combined with a permanent flood established at the five-leaf stage and maintained at each location. The genotype x year and the genotype x location interaction variance components were near zero. The three-way interaction was significant, but its variance component was one-fourth the magnitude of the genetic variance. The nature of the genotype x environment interaction was explored by determining the number of significant crossover (rank change) interactions. There were 798 significant crossover interactions or 4.5% of the possible 17 856 quadruples. Thus, genotype x environment interactions were minor and due primarily to changes in magnitude rather than to changes in rank. Heritability (single plot basis) was 61%, indicating that selection for resistance to straighthead should be relatively easy in southern U.S. rice germplasm. Two locations with four replications per location should be adequate for screening southern U.S. rice germplasm for reaction to straighthead. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,CTR RICE RES & EXT,STUTTGART,AR 72160. USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1365 EP 1368 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100017 ER PT J AU MORNHINWEG, DH PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA AF MORNHINWEG, DH PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA TI INHERITANCE OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID RESISTANCE IN SPRING BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a devastating pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), An excellent source of RWA resistance (STARS-9301B) was recently released to the barley industry. This greenhouse study was conducted to determine the genetic control of RWA resistance in STARS-9301B. Crosses were made between Morex, a susceptible malting barley cultivar and STARS-9301B during 1992 and 1993. Genetic analysis was performed on the parents, F-1, reciprocal F-1, F-2, and backcross (BC) populations, as well as 231 F-2-derived F-3 Families. Segregation in the F-2 and BC populations indicated multiple gene control. Fourteen F-3 families were found to be homozygous resistant and 16 were homozygous intermediate, indicating that two genes control RWA resistance in STARS-9301B, Analysis of data from the F-2 and BCs to both parents suggested recessive epistasis of a dominant gene (Dnb2) on an incompletely dominant gene (Dnb1). This type of genetic control will necessitate screening for RWA resistance after each cycle of selection in a breeding program. RP MORNHINWEG, DH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1368 EP 1371 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100018 ER PT J AU KANG, JH BRINK, GE ROWE, DE AF KANG, JH BRINK, GE ROWE, DE TI SEEDLING WHITE CLOVER RESPONSE TO DEFOLIATION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; LADINO CLOVER; SUPPRESSION; GROWTH; SWARD AB Defoliation during the early stages of seedling development can influence growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Our objective was to determine the response of cultivars with diverse leaf sizes to defoliation across a range of seedling growth stages. 'Regal' (large-leaf), 'Louisiana S-1' (medium-large-leaf), 'Grasslands Huia' (medium-small-leaf), and 'Aberystwyth S184' (small-leaf) were grown in the greenhouse and were initially clipped to remove all leaf (except cotyledons) and petiole tissue (1.0-cm stubble) when seedlings attained a unifoliolate leaf or one, two, four, and eight trifoliolate leaves. Seedlings were subsequently clipped in the same manner every 7 or 28 d for the next 28 d. Plant response to defoliation was assessed 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after the last clipping. Seedling shoot dry weight of all cultivars increased linearly in response to initial leaf stage when subsequent clipping occurred every 7 d after the initial defoliation. When subsequent clipping was delayed 28 d, defoliation after the four-trifoliolate stage did not influence shoot weight of any cultivar except Regal. Despite fewer numbers of leaves after regrowth, seedling leaf area of Regal was always greater than that of the other cultivars. Number of stolen branches of Regal and Louisiana S-1 increased in response to leaf stage at initial defoliation (0.15 branches stage(-1)), while that of Grasslands Huia and Aberystwyth S184 was relatively unchanged after the four- to six-trifoliolate stage, Permitting white clover seedlings to attain advanced leaf stages before initial defoliation and increasing the time interval before subsequent defoliation will enhance seedling growth and potential survival. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1406 EP 1410 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100024 ER PT J AU AKKAYA, MS SHOEMAKER, RC SPECHT, JE BHAGWAT, AA CREGAN, PB AF AKKAYA, MS SHOEMAKER, RC SPECHT, JE BHAGWAT, AA CREGAN, PB TI INTEGRATION OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT DNA MARKERS INTO A SOYBEAN LINKAGE MAP SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MICROSATELLITE POLYMORPHISMS; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; RICE AB A total of 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite DNA markers were mapped in a soybean [Glycine maw (L.) Merrill] mapping population that consisted of 60 F-2 plants from a cross between near isogenic Lines of the cultivars Clark and Harosoy. The first objective of study was to determine the map location of SSR loci in relation to 13 classical loci controlling pigmentation and morphological traits, seven isozyme loci, and a total of 118 RFLP and RAPD markers. The second objective was to determine if the microsatellite loci were randomly distributed in the soybean genome, Linkage analysis with MAPMAKER 3.0b yielded 29 linkage groups with a total map length of 1486 centimorgans (cM). This compares with a map length of 1056 cM if the SSR markers were removed from the data set. Thirty-four of the microsatellite loci were placed in linkage groups. SSR loci were linked to loci controlling nine of the 13 classical traits, and two of seven isozyme loci. Eighteen of the 29 linkage groups contained at least one SSR locus. While this result suggested that the microsatellite loci were randomly distributed throughout the soybean genome, two clusters of five and four SSR loci, spanning 23.4 and 33.6 cM, respectively, were detected. These results indicated a relatively limited amount of clustering of soybean SSR loci, and demonstrated that microsatellite genetic markers should provide an excellent complement to RFLP and RAPD markers for use in soybean molecular biology, genetics, and breeding research. Because SSR markers detect only single genetic loci and are highly polymorphic, they can be extremely informative in pedigree tracing studies, in the analysis of progeny from multiparent matings, in a wide range of mapping applications, and in genotype identification. C1 USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MIDDLE EAST TECH UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ANKARA 06531,TURKEY. USDA ARS,FCR,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 42 TC 149 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1439 EP 1445 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100030 ER PT J AU HORVATH, DP DAHLEEN, LS STEBBING, JA PENNER, G AF HORVATH, DP DAHLEEN, LS STEBBING, JA PENNER, G TI A CODOMINANT PCR-BASED MARKER FOR ASSISTED SELECTION OF DURABLE STEM RUST RESISTANCE IN BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Screening individual barley plants for resistance to stem rust is difficult and time consuming. The objective of this work was to develop PCR-bascd markers for assisted selection of stem rust resistance in barley. Near isogenic barley lines (backcrossed 29 times) differing at the Rpg1 locus (where the gene that confers resistance to the stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is located) were screened for random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) with 10 base primers. A total of 540 different primers were screened, and one was identified which amplified a DNA fragment closely linked to Rpg1. The DNA fragment was cloned, mapped, and sequenced, Specifically amplifying primers (SAPs) were designed to amplify related polymorphic DNA in other barley cultivars. The SAPs act as a co-dominant marker suitable for marker assisted selection of the Rpg1 gene. Three different amplification patterns were observed in the various cultivars tested, Surprisingly, no specific banding pattern is diagnostic for the presence or absence of Rpg1, despite the demonstrated linkage. Of the three amplification patterns, only one (the 500-bp banding pattern) was present in recently developed resistant cultivars. A similar amplification pattern is also found in many of the susceptible lines that have the cultivar Betzes in their pedigree. RFLP analysis can be used to differentiate the resistant and susceptible cultivars with this amplification pattern. C1 AGR CANADA,RES STN,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2M9,CANADA. RP HORVATH, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1445 EP 1450 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100031 ER PT J AU ASAY, KH JOHNSON, DA JENSEN, KB CHATTERTON, NJ HORTON, WH HANSEN, WT YOUNG, SA AF ASAY, KH JOHNSON, DA JENSEN, KB CHATTERTON, NJ HORTON, WH HANSEN, WT YOUNG, SA TI REGISTRATION OF DOUGLAS CRESTED WHEATGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP ASAY, KH (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1510 EP 1511 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100056 ER PT J AU ASAY, KH JOHNSON, DA JENSEN, KB CHATTERTON, NJ HORTON, WH HANSEN, WT YOUNG, SA AF ASAY, KH JOHNSON, DA JENSEN, KB CHATTERTON, NJ HORTON, WH HANSEN, WT YOUNG, SA TI REGISTRATION OF VAVILOV SIBERIAN CRESTED WHEATGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP ASAY, KH (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1510 EP 1510 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100055 ER PT J AU COOK, CG NAMKEN, LN AF COOK, CG NAMKEN, LN TI REGISTRATION OF B411, B416, AND B418 PARENTAL LINES OF COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP COOK, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1518 EP 1518 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100066 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, CE AF TOWNSEND, CE TI REGISTRATION OF C-33, C-34, AND C-35 GENETIC STOCKS OF DIPLOID ALSIKE CLOVER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP TOWNSEND, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1519 EP 1519 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR621 UT WOS:A1995RR62100067 ER PT J AU OBIN, M NOWELL, T TAYLOR, A AF OBIN, M NOWELL, T TAYLOR, A TI A COMPARISON OF UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS OF ROD OUTER SEGMENT PROTEINS IN RETICULOCYTE LYSATE AND A RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE SO CURRENT EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PROTEOLYSIS; UBIQUITIN; RETICULOCYTES; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE); ROD OUTER SEGMENTS (ROS); HUMAN; BOVINE ID BINDING-SITES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; BETA-SUBUNIT; DEGRADATION; SYSTEM; TRANSDUCIN; RHODOPSIN; PHOSPHODIESTERASE AB We compared ATP- and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in supernatants of rabbit reticulocyte lysate and a human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line. At pH 7.8, both preparations catalyzed the conjugation of [I-125]ubiquitin to endogenous proteins, generating an equivalent amount of high mass (>150 kDa) [I-125]ubiquitin-protein adducts. Both preparations degraded exogenous histone 2A, oxRNase and beta-lactoglobulin in an ATP-dependent manner. Addition of ubiquitin (12 or 120 mu M) to reticulocyte lysate stimulated (1.4-fold) ATP-dependent degradation only of histone 2A. Addition of 12 mu M ubiquitin to RPE supernatant resulted in greater than or equal to 3-fold enhancement in degradation of all three substrates. Next, we compared the ability of the two proteolysis systems to degrade bovine rod outer segment (ROS) nonintegral membrane proteins. [I-125]ROS protein degradation by reticulocyte lysate was almost exclusively ATP-dependent and was completely inhibited by hemin and vanadate, inhibitors of ATP- and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. RPE supernatant also degraded ROS proteins by an ATP-dependent mechanism, and, unlike results obtained in reticulocyte assays, this degradation increased (2-fold) upon ubiquitin supplementation. Both proteolysis systems degraded ROS proteins of molecular mass approximate to 10, 30, 37, 40 and 60 kDa, with coincident formation of high mass species. Reticulocyte lysate also degraded 100 and 150 kDa ROS proteins, whereas RPE supernatant did not. The 10, 37 and 40 kDa species were identified by western blot as the gamma-, beta- and alpha- subunits of rod transducin (G(t)), respectively. RPE supernatant generated (some) ROS proteolysis products that remained acid-precipitable. As compared with patterns of proteolysis in reticulocytes, RPE supernatant (1) degraded 100% more G(t beta gamma) (2) generated >10-fold the amount of high mass (putative ubiquitin-ROS protein) conjugates and (3) preferentially degraded G(t beta gamma) relative to G(t alpha). The ubiquitin-dependent enhancement of ATP-dependent degradation of all proteins tested in RPE supernatant makes the RPE system a valuable experimental tool for the explicit demonstration of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JMHNRCA,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU PHS HHS [8566] NR 59 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0271-3683 J9 CURR EYE RES JI Curr. Eye Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 9 BP 751 EP 760 DI 10.3109/02713689508995796 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA RW141 UT WOS:A1995RW14100002 PM 8529413 ER PT J AU BHAT, KV JARRET, RL RANA, RS AF BHAT, KV JARRET, RL RANA, RS TI DNA PROFILING OF BANANA AND PLANTAIN CULTIVARS USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM (RFLP) MARKERS SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on DNA Fingerprinting CY DEC 13-16, 1994 CL HYDERABAD, INDIA ID CLONAL IDENTIFICATION; ISOZYME POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MUSA AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA from 57 Musa cultivars with 60 random 10-mer primers generated 605 polymorphic amplification products which were useful in unambiguous cultivar identifications. Unweighted pair-group method analysis of this data grouped the cultivars into specific clusters depending on their genomic similarities. The diploid ancestral species of cultivated banana and plantains, namely Musa acuminata ssp malaccensis, an A genome donor and M. balbisiana, a B genome donor, were farthest apart from each other in the phenogram. The edible fruit yielding cultivars with the genomic constitutions AA, AAA, AB, AAB, ABB and ABBE grouped in different clusters according to overall genetic homologies. The restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) prevalent among the cultivars were studied by hybridizations of 19 random genomic clones to blots of HindIII, EcoRI and MspI digests. Cluster analysis of these data on 107 polymorphic alleles resulted in a phenogram comparable to the one obtained with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Two multilocus probes useful in distinguishing all the 57 cultivars analyzed were also identified. The A and B types of cytoplasms in the cultivars were further distinguished by hybridization of heterologous chloroplast DNA probes. Results showed that use of different kinds of molecular markers in gene banks is essential for characterization and classification of germplasm collections. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA. RP BHAT, KV (reprint author), NATL BUR PLANT GENET RESOURCES,PUSA CAMPUS,NEW DELHI 110012,INDIA. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 1995 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1736 EP 1745 DI 10.1002/elps.11501601287 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TD110 UT WOS:A1995TD11000033 PM 8582364 ER PT J AU VANGIESSEN, WA MOLLEMA, C ELSEY, KD AF VANGIESSEN, WA MOLLEMA, C ELSEY, KD TI DESIGN AND USE OF A SIMULATION-MODEL TO EVALUATE GERMPLASM FOR ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE TO THE GREENHOUSE-WHITEFLY (TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM) AND THE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY (BEMISIA-TABACI) SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL; POPULATION GROWTH; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; RESISTANCE EVALUATION; GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY; TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM; SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY; BEMISIA TABACI; HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; OVIPOSITION; COTTON; HOSTS AB SARAH (Software for the Assessment of antibiotic Resistance to Aleyrodidae in Host plants) is a deterministic simulation model of whitefly population growth based on whitefly life-history components determined on individual plants. The life-history components recorded were oviposition late, adult survival, pre-adult survival, developmental period, and sex ratio. The simulation model serves as a tool to combine these components and to obtain a single criterion for (antibiotic) resistance. The criterion used was the decrease in simulated intrinsic population growth rate, r(s), relative the r(s) value determined on a susceptible control genotype. This model-based evaluation method was tested using the greenhouse whitefly. Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, on tomato and the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, on tomato, eggplant, collard, and pepper. To study its consistency over time, the evaluation method was repeated six times for T. vaporariorum on a susceptible and a resistant tomato cultivar. Simulated intrinsic population growth rate was more consistent in indicating resistance than any of the individual life-history components. Of ten L. hirsutum accessions tested for resistance to T. vaporariorum, three exhibited r(s) values that were significantly lower than those for the susceptible control. In addition, on these ten L. hirsutum accessions, a significant positive correlation was observed between r(s) and sex ratio (# females/# males). Four host plant species (tomato, collard, eggplant, and pepper) were evaluated for resistance to B. tabaci. All life-history components and r(s) values varied among host species, while a negative r(s) value was observed for B. tabaci on pepper. A high correlation was found between results from a sensitivity analysis of SARAH and results from a sensitivity analysis of a validated whitefly population simulation model by Yano et al. (1989a). Significant correlations were found for the relationships between oviposition rate, adult survival, or pre-adult survival and r(s), indicating that none of these life-history components can be omitted from the test procedure. This model-based evaluation method offers a standardized way to quantify levels of antibiotic resistance to whiteflies and will enhance efficiency in breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. DLO,CTR PLANT BREEDING & REPROD RES,DEPT VEGETABLE & FRUIT CROPS,6700 AA WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT ENTOMOL,6700 EH WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RI Mollema, Chris/F-7875-2015 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 271 EP 286 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RT042 UT WOS:A1995RT04200007 ER PT J AU XU, Z BRADLEY, DP JAKES, PJ AF XU, Z BRADLEY, DP JAKES, PJ TI MEASURING FOREST ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY - A RESOURCE ACCOUNTING APPROACH SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; NATURAL RESOURCE ACCOUNTING; ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING; NATURAL ID MANAGEMENT; PARADIGM AB A new environmental paradigm has emerged, reflecting a change in the public's understanding of resource sustainability. Forest policy makers need to be better informed about such changes to achieve economic, social, and environmental objectives in a manner that balances human needs and aspirations with ecosystem constraints. As an aid to this task, a forest resource accounting system based on the key concept of natural capital could help reshape forest policies to provide an even wider spectrum of benefits for both present and future generations by maintaining and enhancing the productive capacity of forest capital. Such a resource accounting system would provide a tool for integrating multidimensional information requirements in measuring the health of both forest ecosystems and economic systems. This paper outlines some of the features of this accounting-system and proposes a framework that would integrate economic and ecological characteristics of natural resources. Forest resource accounting is urgently needed to achieve the sustainability goals of ecosystem management. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP XU, Z (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL NAT RESOURCES,1530 N CLEVELAND AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 19 IS 5 BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.1007/BF02471951 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RL018 UT WOS:A1995RL01800007 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, BR KOHORST, SD DECKER, HF YAUSSY, D AF ROBERTS, BR KOHORST, SD DECKER, HF YAUSSY, D TI SHOOT BIOMASS OF TURFGRASS CULTIVARS GROWN ON COMPOSTED WASTE SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ORGANIC WASTE; MUNICIPAL WASTE; COOL-SEASON GRASSES; FESCUE; RYEGRASS; BLUEGRASS ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE AB Various cultivars of four cool-season grass types (tall fescue, fine fescue, perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass) were seeded in 0.34-liter plastic pots containing either composted sewage sludge [Com-Til(2) (CT), Soil Magic(2) (SM)] or composted yard mulch (YM). Plants were grown in the greenhouse for four weeks prior to measuring shoot biomass. While most tall fescue cultivars showed more shoot growth on YM, perennial ryegrass cultivars generally grew better on SM. Cultivars of fine fescue and bluegrass grew about the same on YM or SM, and slightly less on CT. With very few exceptions, shoot biomass of individual cultivars was greater on either YM or SM than it was on CT. Within individual grass types, Pennlawn (line fescue), Pennant (perennial ryegrass), and Victa (Kentucky bluegrass) averaged consistently better growth on all three composted media. For tall fescue, Aquara, Rebel II, and Monarch performed best on YM, SM, and CT, respectively. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals did not occur in selective samples of shoot tissues collected from the grass types used. C1 BUCKEYE BLUEGRASS FARMS,OSTRANDER,OH 43061. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,DELAWARE,OH 43015. RP ROBERTS, BR (reprint author), OHIO WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 19 IS 5 BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1007/BF02471955 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RL018 UT WOS:A1995RL01800011 ER PT J AU CHEN, TH HORNBERGER, GM JAKEMAN, AJ SWANK, WT AF CHEN, TH HORNBERGER, GM JAKEMAN, AJ SWANK, WT TI THE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT LOSS MODELS IN THE SIMULATION OF STREAMFLOW SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Modelling-and-Simulation-Society-of-Australia 10th Biennial Conference in conjunction with the International-Environmetrics-Society CY DEC 06-10, 1993 CL UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA, PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Modelling & Simulat Soc Austr, Inc, Int Environmetr Soc HO UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CTR RESOURCE & ENVIRONM STUDIES,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. US FOREST SERV,COWCETA HYDROL LAB,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RI Jakeman, Anthony/P-6786-2014 OI Jakeman, Anthony/0000-0001-5282-2215 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 6 IS 5 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1002/env.3170060510 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA TF164 UT WOS:A1995TF16400009 ER PT J AU ESNARD, J HEPPERLY, PR AF ESNARD, J HEPPERLY, PR TI FIRST REPORT OF SOUTHERN BLIGHT OF COMMON BARLEY IN PUERTO-RICO SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATHELIA ROLFSII; PUERTO RICO; SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII ID SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII AB In 1990-91, 96% of the test plants in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) winter nursery in Puerto Rico was lost to Sclerotium rolfsii. Small necrotic lesions (1-3 mm long) developed at the base of the stem, followed by wilting and general chlorosis as the lesions progressed and eventually girdled the base of the stem. Sclerotia then developed on the plants at the stem base. Two morphologically different strains of S, rolfsii that were mycelial incompatible were isolated. This is the first report of a destructive blight due to S. rolfsii on field barley in the Caribbean. The apparent rate of disease increase (r) was estimated to be 12.2% per day using the logistic model, with an initial disease incidence of 0.042% (R(2) = 0.89, p less than or equal to 0.001). C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 101 IS 5 BP 497 EP 501 DI 10.1007/BF01874473 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RT492 UT WOS:A1995RT49200004 ER PT J AU WEIRICH, GF KOCHANSKY, JP MASLER, EP LUSBY, WR FELDLAUFER, MF RAINA, AK SVOBODA, JA AF WEIRICH, GF KOCHANSKY, JP MASLER, EP LUSBY, WR FELDLAUFER, MF RAINA, AK SVOBODA, JA TI DEGRADATION OF PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE (PBAN) BY HEMOLYMPH ENZYMES OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA-SEXTA, AND THE CORN-EARWORM, HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE BIS-NORLEUCINE HEZ-PBAN; MANDUCA SEXTA; HELICOVERPA ZEA; HEMOLYMPH PEPTIDASES ID HORMONE; MOTHS; PENTAPEPTIDE; INACTIVATION; LEPIDOPTERA; PROCTOLIN; INVITRO AB The tritium-labeled bis-norleucine analog of Helicoverpa tea pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide ([H-3]NLPBAN) was incubated in vitro with hemolymph from Manduca sexta or H. tea adult females. The incubations resulted in the formation of several tritium-labeled degradation products. At a [3H]NLPBAN concentration of 0.9 mu M the degradation proceeded at a very slow but physiologically plausible rate (2-10 fmol/min/mu l hemolymph). The primary [H-3]NLPBAN degradation reaction in M. sexta hemolymph was not inhibited by 20 mu M leupeptin, 0.1 mM amastatin, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline, or 2 mM 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride; but secondary reactions may have been affected, as some of the inhibitors changed the radio-HPLC profile of the degradation products. It is concluded that hemolymph of M. sexta and H. zea contains peptidase(s) capable of inactivating circulating PBAN. RP WEIRICH, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BLDG 467, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD SEP PY 1995 VL 51 IS 9-10 BP 961 EP 966 DI 10.1007/BF01921748 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RZ679 UT WOS:A1995RZ67900016 PM 7556579 ER PT J AU SCOTT, JA AF SCOTT, JA TI THE MOLECULAR-GENETICS OF RESISTANCE - RESISTANCE AS A RESPONSE TO STRESS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR; MUTATION; GENETIC; ADAPTATION; STRESS; INSECT ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; MOSQUITO CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; APHIDS MYZUS-PERSICAE; A RECEPTOR LOCUS; APPLE BUD MOTH; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA AB In this overview of the molecular genetics of resistance, pesticides are regarded as one of the many environmental stresses against which insects must defend themselves to survive. Examined at the genetic level, pesticide resistance appears to be a preadapted response to stress and not due to novel mutations caused by pesticide exposure. The genetic mutations--gene amplification, altered gene regulation, structural alteration of a gene--which result in resistance are described and explained and a possible distribution mechanism of resistance genes is considered. Resistance mechanisms, their associated biological processes and the types of genetic mutations associated with each are detailed. Finally, the potential of molecular technology for the development of novel methods to detect and monitor for resistance is examined and compared to more traditional technology. RP SCOTT, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LA,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 71 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.2307/3495526 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX013 UT WOS:A1995RX01300003 ER PT J AU BAUER, LS AF BAUER, LS TI RESISTANCE - A THREAT TO THE INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; CROSS-RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT ID DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; ENGINEERED PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; VAR SAN-DIEGO; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; TOBACCO BUDWORM; AEDES-AEGYPTI AB Insecticidal crystal proteins (also known as delta-endotoxins) synthesized by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are the active ingredient of various environmentally friendly insecticides that are 1) highly compatible with natural enemies and other nontarget organisms due to narrow host specificity, 2) harmless to vertebrates, 3) biodegradable in the environment, and 3) highly amenable to genetic engineering. The use of transgenic plants expressing Bt delta-endotoxins has the potential to greatly reduce the environmental and health costs associated with the use of conventional insecticides. The complex mode of action of Bt is the subject of intensive research. When eaten by a susceptible insect delta-endotoxin crystals are solubilized in the midgut; proteases then cleave protoxin molecules into activated toxin which binds to receptors on the midgut brush border membrane. Part of the toxin molecule inserts into the membrane causing the midgut cells to leak, swell, and lyse; death results from bacterial septicemia. Insecticides formulated with Bt account for less than 1% of the total insecticides used each year worldwide because of high cost, narrow host range, and comparatively low efficacy. Environmental contamination, food safety concerns, and pest resistance to conventional insecticides have caused a steady increase in demand for Bt-based insecticides. The recent escalation of commercial interest in Bt has resulted in more persistent and efficacious formulations. For example, improved Bt-based insecticides have allowed management of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Unfortunately this has resulted in the evolution of resistance to delta-endotoxins in P. xylostella populations worldwide. The recent appearance of Bt resistance in the field, corroborated by the results of laboratory selection experiments, demonstrates genetically-based resistance in several species of Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera. The genetic capacity to evolve resistance to these toxins is probably present in all insects, and the heritability, fitness costs, and stability of the resistance trait are documented in several insect populations. In two strains of Bt-resistant lepidopteran species, mechanisms of resistance involve reductions in the binding of toxin to midgut receptors. Research on other resistant strains suggests that other mechanisms are also involved. Unfortunately, the high stability of the resistance trait, as well as broad spectrum cross-resistance to other delta-endotoxins, undermines many potential options for resistance management. Genetically engineered plants, expressing delta-endotoxin continuously and at ultrahigh doses, ensure intense and rapid selection of the target insect population. The efficacy of transgenic plants can be preserved only by developing an integrated pest management program that is designed specifically to reduce selection pressure by minimizing exposure to Bt and increasing other mortality factors, thereby slowing the rate of pest adaptation to Bt. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP BAUER, LS (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 153 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 414 EP 443 DI 10.2307/3495527 PG 30 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX013 UT WOS:A1995RX01300004 ER PT J AU LEE, IH KIM, HR MAYERS, RT AF LEE, IH KIM, HR MAYERS, RT TI IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY OF JUVENILE-HORMONE BINDING-PROTEIN FROM HEMOLYMPH OF THE FALL WEBWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, ARCTIIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE HEMOLYMPH; HEMOLYMPH PROTEINS; INSECT; IMMUNODETECTION; JUVENILE HORMONE III; LIPOPROTEIN; PROTEIN PURIFICATION ID COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; FAT-BODY; PURIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; SECRETION; TRANSPORT AB The juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) was purified from the hemolymph of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera:Arctiidae) using anion exchange, gel filtration, and Mono P FPLC chromatofocusing chromatography. The protein is a single polypeptide (M(r) 32,000) with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.43 mu M for juvenile hormone III. An antibody developed against hemolymph JHBP (hJHBP) was prepared, and use of it showed that a protein immunologically identical with hJHBP occurs in fat body and ovary. The hJHBP of H. cunea was neither immunologically related to the lipophorin from H. cunea nor similar to the hJHBP of Bombyx mori and Periplaneta americana. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP LEE, IH (reprint author), KOREA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SEOUL 136701,SOUTH KOREA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 452 EP 463 DI 10.2307/3495529 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX013 UT WOS:A1995RX01300006 ER PT J AU PETERSON, JK ELSEY, KD AF PETERSON, JK ELSEY, KD TI CHEMICAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN SELECTION OF HOST-PLANT FOR OVIPOSITION BY THE PICKLEWORM MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; DIAPHANIA NITIDALIS; OVIPOSITION; HOST PLANT; SQUASH; CURCURBITA PEPO; TRICHOMES; VOLATILES ID MELONWORM LEPIDOPTERA AB Studies with caged gravid females of the pickleworm, [Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll.)], revealed that leaves of yellow squash (Curcurbita pepo L.) contain small (MW <1000), non-volatile and highly polar amphoteric compounds which stimulate oviposition on artificial sites. Several compounds, extracted from paper chromatograms, caused moderate stimulation of oviposition. When these extracts were recombined, the mixture proved highly active. Addition of whole leaf volatiles to the active water-soluble fraction increased oviposition. The whole leaf volatiles mixture could be substituted with volatiles originating from leaf glandular trichomes. RP PETERSON, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 482 EP 492 DI 10.2307/3495533 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX013 UT WOS:A1995RX01300010 ER PT J AU GOULD, WP AF GOULD, WP TI PROBABILITY OF DETECTING CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) INFESTATIONS BY FRUIT DISSECTION SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA SUSPENSA; LARVAL DETECTION AB Quarantine inspectors search for fruit fly infestations in incoming shipments by visual inspection and by dissecting or cutting a sample of fruit in each shipment. The reliability of the latter procedure for detecting fruit fly larvae is questionable and, therefore, a test was conducted to determine its effectiveness. Infested grapefruit, mangoes, guavas, and carambolas were cut open to determine the efficacy of cutting fruit in detecting larval infestations of Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). From 1 to 36% of the larvae were detected by dissection, but 17.9 to 83.5% of the infested fruit were detected. The percentage of Caribbean fruit fly larvae present in an infested fruit that can be detected by cutting varies with the type of fruit infested. The overall percentage of infested fruit detected also varies in the same manner. Carambolas were the easiest fruit in which to find larvae and green guavas the most difficult. Overall, only 9.5% of the larvae in field-infested guavas and 16.9% of those in cage-infested fruits were detected. Between 17.9% (green guavas) and 83.5% (carambolas) of the infested fruit was detected. There was considerable variation in the number of larvae found by different inspectors. RP GOULD, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 502 EP 507 DI 10.2307/3495535 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX013 UT WOS:A1995RX01300012 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ AF LANDOLT, PJ TI ATTRACTION OF MOCIS-LATIPES (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) TO SWEET BAITS IN TRAPS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MOTH; SUGAR; FERMENTATION; MICROBIAL AB Traps baited with solutions of molasses or jaggery (unrefined palm sugar) captured significant numbers of the moth Mocis laptipes Guenee, indicating their attraction to these baits. Numbers of moths captured were affected by bait concentration and by bait age. Greatest moth captures were obtained with 20% molasses in water or 5, 10 or 20% jaggery in water Molasses and jaggery baits aged in the laboratory for up to three days before field testing were more attractive than freshly-made baits to M. latipes moths. This is the first demonstration of M. latipes attraction to sugar based baits. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.2307/3495538 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX013 UT WOS:A1995RX01300015 ER PT J AU BRIANO, J JOUVENAZ, D WOJCIK, D CORDO, H PATTERSON, R AF BRIANO, J JOUVENAZ, D WOJCIK, D CORDO, H PATTERSON, R TI PROTOZOAN AND FUNGAL DISEASES IN SOLENOPSIS-RICHTERI AND S-QUINQUECUSPIS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) IN BUENOS-AIRES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE MICROSPORIDIA; FUNGI; NATURAL ENEMIES; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; MYRMECOLOGY ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT AB The diversity and abundance of protozoa and fungi infecting colonies of the fire ants Solenopsis richteri Forel and S. quinquecuspis Forel were sun eyed in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A total of 185 roadside sites was selected, and 1,836 colonies were sampled and examined under phase-contrast microscopy. Pathogens were found at 32% of the sites and in 10% of the colonies. The microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen & Hazard was the most common microorganism; it was present at 25% of the sites and 8% of the colonies. In some sites within the surveyed region, the percentage of infected colonies with T. solenopsae ranged from 40 to 80%. Other pathogens present were the microsporidium Vairimorpha invictae Jouvenaz & Ellis and the fungus Myrmecomyces annellisae Jouvenaz & Kimbrough. A field site was selected for future ecological studies. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP BRIANO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,S AMER BIOL CONTROL LAB,BOLIVAR 1559,RA-1686 HURLINGHAM,BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 531 EP 537 DI 10.2307/3495539 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX013 UT WOS:A1995RX01300016 ER PT J AU BARNARD, DR AF BARNARD, DR TI EXTRACTION OF HOUSE-FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) LARVAE FROM POULTRY MANURE USING BERLESE-TULLGREN FUNNELS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP BARNARD, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.2307/3495541 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RX013 UT WOS:A1995RX01300018 ER PT J AU FEIST, WC ROSS, AS AF FEIST, WC ROSS, AS TI PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY OF FINISHES ON PREVIOUSLY COATED CCA-TREATED WOOD SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) preservative is used extensively in many architectural applications. In this study, untreated and CCA-treated southern pine and hem-fir boards that had been finished with several finishes and then weathered for 2 years at 45 degrees facing south were cleaned, refinished, and exposed to the weather again. After exposure for an additional 2 years at 45 degrees facing south in Wisconsin and Mississippi, the durability of the finishes on weathered and refinished specimens was similar to that of the initial finish durability. The CCA treatment was shown to have a positive effect on the performance and durability of many finishes in the study. Little difference in finish durability was noted between 0.25 and 0.40 pcf CCA retention levels. Coating performance was generally better on CCA-treated hem-fir than on treated southern pine, regardless of CCA treatment levels. Finish failures occurred more rapidly in Mississippi than in Wisconsin, particularly surface discoloration. Within the coating groups, the overall durability and appearance were reflected by the following order: fully pigmented (film-forming paints and stains) > lightly pigmented (semitransparent stains) > unpigmented (transparent water repellents and water-repellent preservatives). This study demonstrated that CCA-treated wood is compatible with a variety of surface finishes and that the effects of the treatment enhance the performance life of those finishes, even after cleaning and refinishing. C1 KOP COAT INC,PITTSBURGH,PA 15238. RP FEIST, WC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 45 IS 9 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RV263 UT WOS:A1995RV26300002 ER PT J AU BOONE, RS WINANDY, JE FULLER, JJ AF BOONE, RS WINANDY, JE FULLER, JJ TI EFFECTS OF REDRYING SCHEDULE ON PRESERVATIVE FIXATION AND STRENGTH OF CCA-TREATED LUMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AS WOOD PRESERVATIVES; SOUTHERN PINE; BENDING PROPERTIES; MECHANISM; KINETICS AB Southern pine and western hemlock dimension lumber specimens were pressure treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and then redried using one of seven post-treatment schedules. The influences of these seven kiln- or air-drying schedules on chemical leachability, decay resistance, and wood strength were evaluated to better understand the relationship between the severity of the redrying process and CCA fixation. For southern pine, six kiln-drying schedules exhibited less leaching of chromium and arsenic than did CCA-treated material air-dried after treatment. Depending on the temperature in initial kiln-drying, chromium and arsenic leaching were significantly reduced after a two-step post-treatment kiln-redrying schedule having an initial 12-hour fixation and a small wet-bulb depression followed by a drying period. Further work is needed to optimize the fixation and drying period and the appropriate wet-bulb depression to ensure complete fixation. Leaching of copper in southern pine or chromium, copper, or arsenic in western hemlock was not affected by redrying schedules. No significant reduction in strength or decay resistance in southern pine or western hemlock lumber redried by any schedule was detected. Southern pine dimension lumber, which was initially kiln-dried at a high temperature and treated with CCA preservative, experienced a faster rate of redrying than did lumber initially kiln-dried at conventional temperature schedules. RP BOONE, RS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 45 IS 9 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RV263 UT WOS:A1995RV26300008 ER PT J AU JARRET, RL OZIASAKINS, P PHATAK, S NADIMPALLI, R DUNCAN, R HILIARD, S AF JARRET, RL OZIASAKINS, P PHATAK, S NADIMPALLI, R DUNCAN, R HILIARD, S TI DNA CONTENTS IN PASPALUM SPP DETERMINED BY FLOW-CYTOMETRY SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE DALLISGRASS; BAHIAGRASS; PASPALUM SPP; CYTOMETRY; GERMPLASM; NUCLEAR DNA ID GENOME SIZE; DALLISGRASS; DILATATUM; ZEA AB DNA contents in nuclei isolated from 81 accessions of Paspalum, representing 35 species, was determined by laser flow cytometry. Nuclei were isolated by chopping leaf base tissue in Tris/HCl buffer containing 1% Triton X-100 and fixed in EtOH. Fixation, or no fixation, of nuclei in 70% or 95% EtOH did not affect estimates of DNA contents in DAPI-stained nuclei. DNA contents, among the species examined, varied approximately four-fold (1.02 - 3.86 pg/2C nucleus). Coefficients of variation ranged from less than 1% to approximately 5% and did not increase following fixation. Variation in DNA contents between plants within accessions was less than 0.1%. Significant differences in DNA contents estimates within and between species were detected. Data presented suggested that DNA content is a useful descriptor for characterization of plant genetic resources. The occurrence of significant levels of variation within and between Paspalum species indicates that estimates of DNA contents may be useful for characterization and identification of Paspalum cytotypes. In addition, the identification and maintenance of variability for DNA contents within Paspalum spp. might be useful as a means to capture genomic adaptations to ecological variation. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT HORT,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHARM,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,CELL ANAL FACIL,RES SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP JARRET, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,1109 EXPERIMENT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 42 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1007/BF02431258 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RZ234 UT WOS:A1995RZ23400006 ER PT J AU LIN, YR SCHERTZ, KF PATERSON, AH AF LIN, YR SCHERTZ, KF PATERSON, AH TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF QTLS AFFECTING PLANT HEIGHT AND MATURITY ACROSS THE POACEAE, IN REFERENCE TO AN INTERSPECIFIC SORGHUM POPULATION SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MAIZE; HYBRID; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; RFLP; CHROMOSOMES AB Correspondence among QTLs affecting height and/or flowering was investigated across the five races of sorghum, an interspecific sorghum F-2 population, and 32 previously published sorghum, maize, rice, wheat, and barley populations revealing 185 QTLs or discrete mutants. Among nine QTLs mapped in the interspecific sorghum population (six affecting height and three affecting flowering), at least seven (78%) are associated with ''conversion,'' backcross-introgression of alleles imparting reduced height or earlier flowering from cultivated sorghums into one or more exotic Sorghum bicolor races. One chromosomal region was ''converted'' in all S. bicolor races-in the interspecific F-2, this region explained 54.8% of height variation (putatively the Dw2 gene) and 85.7% of flowering time variation (putatively Ma1). Comparative data suggest that Ma1 and Dw2 orthologs influence height and flowering of other Poaceae taxa and support classical dogma that the sorghum phenotypes attributed to Ma1 and Dw2 (respectively) are due to different genetic loci. Other sorghum QTLs also showed correspondence with those in other Poaceae, more frequently than would be expected by chance. Possible homoeologous QTLs were found within both the maize and sorghum genomes. Comparative QTL mapping provides a means to unify, and thereby simplify, molecular analysis of complex phenotypes. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. OI Lin, Yann-rong/0000-0001-6833-8276 NR 61 TC 234 Z9 273 U1 0 U2 15 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 141 IS 1 BP 391 EP 411 PG 21 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RR171 UT WOS:A1995RR17100034 PM 8536986 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, OA NETTLETON, WD STAIDL, GJ AF CHADWICK, OA NETTLETON, WD STAIDL, GJ TI SOIL POLYGENESIS AS A FUNCTION OF QUATERNARY CLIMATE-CHANGE, NORTHERN GREAT-BASIN, USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; NEVADA; DESERT; RATES; ENVIRONMENTS; TEMPERATURE; CHRONOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; DEPOSITS; MONTANA AB The Quaternary environmental history of the northern Great Basin is characterized by a combination of lower temperature and higher moisture than present. Using water-balance analysis of soils sampled along a climatic gradient, we demonstrate that long-term average effective moisture was about 2-4 cm yr(-1) greater than present. Although this long-term average represents most of Quaternary time, there are important short-term excursions from these values during full glacial and interglacial times. Full glacial conditions are characterized by effective moisture about 7-9 cm yr(-1) greater than present; interglacial times, similar to present conditions, are characterized by dry lake basins that provide major increases in eolian activity. These climatic extremes drive pedogenic processes that leave polygenetic imprints on soils of Pleistocene age, Soils that are now dominated by opaline silica, carbonate, and smectite contain evidence of earlier, more acidic, chemical environments conducive to dissolution of primary carbonate and formation of kaolinite. During interglacial time, more eolian activity and less effective moisture combine to decrease the depth of leaching, increase base cations, and modify the soil chemical environment in relict paleosols. In a soil of Bull Lake age (approximate to 150 ky BP), desert loess accumulation created a 25% increase in water holding capacity and decreased the depth of water penetration by 65 cm; climatic drying at the end of the Pleistocene decreased leaching depth by about 150 cm. C1 USDA,NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68508. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PINEDALE,WY 82941. RP CHADWICK, OA (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 1995 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(95)00025-J PG 26 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TA710 UT WOS:A1995TA71000001 ER PT J AU SCATENA, FN LUGO, AE AF SCATENA, FN LUGO, AE TI GEOMORPHOLOGY, DISTURBANCE, AND THE SOIL AND VEGETATION OF 2 SUBTROPICAL WET STEEPLAND WATERSHEDS OF PUERTO-RICO SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Binghamton Symposium in Geomorphology CY OCT 06-08, 1995 CL BINGHAMTON, NY ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; RIPARIAN NITROGEN DYNAMICS; HURRICANE HUGO; TREES; MOUNTAINS; AGE; REGENERATION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB Relationships between landforms, soil nutrients, forest structure, and the relative importance of different disturbances were quantified in two subtropical wet steepland watersheds in Puerto Rico. Ridges had fewer landslides and treefall gaps, more above-ground biomass, older aged stands, and greater species richness than other landscape positions. Ridge soils had relatively low quantities of exchangeable bases but high soil organic matter, acidity and exchangeable iron. Valley sites had higher frequencies of disturbance, less biomass, younger aged stands, lower species richness and soils with more exchangeable bases. Soil N, P, and K were distributed relatively independently of geomorphic setting, but were significantly related to the composition and age of vegetation. On a watershed basis, hurricanes were the dominant natural disturbance in the turnover of individuals, biomass, and forest canopy. However, turnover by the mortality of individuals that die without creating canopy openings was faster than the turnover by any natural disturbance. Only in riparian areas was forest turnover by treefall gaps faster than turnover by hurricanes. The same downslope mass transfer that links soil forming processes across the landscape also influences the distribution of landslides, treefall gaps, and the structure and composition of the forest. One consequence of these interactions is that the greatest aboveground biomass occurs on ridges where the soil nutrient pools are the smallest. Geomorphic stability, edaphic conditions, and biotic adaptations apparently override the importance of spatial variations in soil nutrients in the accumulation of above-ground biomass at this site. RP SCATENA, FN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 59 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 13 IS 1-4 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0169-555X(95)00021-V PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA RW295 UT WOS:A1995RW29500014 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Burd, JD Kindler, SD Lee, JH AF Elliott, NC Burd, JD Kindler, SD Lee, JH TI Temperature effects on development of three cereal aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; DEMOGRAPHIC-STATISTICS; HOMOPTERA; CONSTANT; REQUIREMENTS; RATES AB Temperature is an important climatological variable that influences the biology and ecology of insects. Poor climatic adaptation can limit the effectiveness of parasitic insects in biological control. Two exotic parasites (Syrian Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) and Argentinean Aphidius colemani Viereck) imported for biological control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and one native parasite (Diaeretiella rapae) were reared in growth chambers in three fluctuating temperature regimes with average daily temperatures of 12, 18, and 24 degrees C. Estimates of temperature thresholds for immature development were 3.3, 3.5, and 2.8 degrees C, for Oklahoman D. rapae, Syrian D. rapae. and A. colemani, respectively. Estimates of thermal requirements for development from egg to adult were 297, 278, and 301 degree-days for the three parasitoids. Dry weights of adults reared in different fluctuating temperature regimes did not differ significantly among sexes, but adults from regimes with law average temperatures of 12 and 18 degrees C had significantly greater weights than those reared in a regime with an average temperature of 24 degrees C. Results suggest that developmental response to temperature will Rot limit the effectiveness of the exotic parasites in biological control. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SPA,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL-WIN PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UC893 UT WOS:A1995UC89300001 ER PT J AU WISE, T KLINDT, J AF WISE, T KLINDT, J TI THYMIC WEIGHT CHANGES AND ENDOCRINE RELATIONSHIPS DURING MATURATION IN CATTLE - EFFECTS OF AGE, SEX, AND CASTRATION SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE THYMUS; GONADS; THYMOSIN; PUBERTY ID HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; GONADAL-STEROIDS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; BINDING-SITES; PROLACTIN; TESTOSTERONE; THYMOSIN-BETA-4 AB Elucidation of cause and effect relationships between gonadal and thymic function can be particularly challenging due to the complexity of interactions among various hormones on thymic function, many of which are largely unknown. To monitor gonadal-thymic interaction with the endocrine changes associated with maturity, bulls, steers, heifers, and ovariectomized heifers were slaughtered at 4, 6, 10, 12, or 14 months of age (n = 5 - 7/sex/age). Steers and ovariectomized heifers were castrated before 1 week of age. Thymic weights were increased in castrated animals as early as 4 months of age (p < 0.01), and differences were more pronounced in males. Thymic secretory peptide, thymosin beta 4, increased up to six months of age in all groups (p < 0.05) and then decreased with age, similar to the pattern of growth hormone. Prepuberal testosterone concentrations increased to 10 - 12 months of age and then decreased in both bulls and heifers (p < 0.05), coordinate with decreases of thymosin beta 4 at 10 months of age. Growth hormone concentrations increased up to 6 months of age in all groups (p < 0.01) and then declined. Concentrations of prolactin peaked at 10 months of age (p < 0.01) but were not different between groups. Relationships of luteinizing hormone (LH) were highly related to thymosin beta 4 changes in heifers during maturation. Changes of thymosin beta 4 and LH were coordinate in ovary-intact heifers and inversely related in ovariectomized heifers. Gonadal effects on thymic weight were evident as early as 4 months of age, and no abrupt declines in thymic weight were detected at puberty. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD FAL PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 139 EP 148 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA RZ420 UT WOS:A1995RZ42000008 PM 8675368 ER PT J AU CHEN, JM GUSTAFSON, JP AF CHEN, JM GUSTAFSON, JP TI PHYSICAL MAPPING OF RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS (RFLPS) IN HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-7 CHROMOSOMES OF WHEAT BY IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE BIOTIN; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LABELING; RFLPS; TRITICUM AESTIVUM ID MOLECULAR LINKAGE MAPS; RNA MULTIGENE FAMILY; SECALE-CEREALE L; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; COMMON WHEAT; PLANT CHROMOSOMES; GENETIC-LINKAGE; BARLEY; TOMATO; SEQUENCE AB In situ hybridization with biotin-labelled DNA probes was used to determine the physical locationmarkers from an RFLP-based genetic map of homoeologous group 7 in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The observed results indicated all probes hybridized to the corresponding group 7 chromosomes of all three wheat genomes and that the gene orders on the physical map were basically the same as that of the RFLP-based genetic map. The distance for each marker from the centromere on the physical map was different from those shown on the genetic map. Comparison of the genetic distance and the physical distance between two pairs of markers (Xpsr129 to Xpsr121, and Xpsr129 to Xpsr117) showed that the region between Xpsr129 and Xpsr121 contains a potential 'hot' spot of recombination on the chromosome arm. There appears to be considerable differences in crossing-over along the chromosomes. Most of the polymorphic markers are physically located in the middle portion of the chromosome arm to which they were genetically located, indicating reduced recombination in the centromeric and telomeric regions. Markers on the physical map were located outside the C-banded regions. The translocation break point involving 7BS and a colinear relationship among the homoeologous group 7 chromosomes are discussed. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. JIANGSU AGR COLL,DEPT AGRON,YANGZHOU 225001,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV MISSOURI,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 1995 VL 75 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1038/hdy.1995.130 PN 3 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RT527 UT WOS:A1995RT52700001 ER PT J AU GROTH, JV MCCAIN, JW ROELFS, AP AF GROTH, JV MCCAIN, JW ROELFS, AP TI VIRULENCE AND ISOZYME DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL VERSUS ASEXUAL COLLECTIONS OF UROMYCES-APPENDICULATUS (BEAN RUST FUNGUS) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE ASEXUAL SEXUAL DIVERSITY; BEAN RUST; DIVERSITY INDEXES; GENETIC VARIABILITY; PHASEOLUS VULGARIS; UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS ID PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; POPULATIONS; REPRODUCTION; GRAMINIS; PATTERNS; WHEAT AB Organisms that reproduce sexually have been assumed to be more genetically diverse (have more phenotypes with a more even frequency distribution) than those that are clonal. Rust fungi usually have regular sexual reproduction, but asexual species or populations are not uncommon. Two field collections of the bean rust fungus from sexually reproducing populations were compared with two collections from apparently nonsexual populations. Neither virulence on 10 differential lines of beans nor isozyme band patterns of five enzymes, as compared by the Gleason, Shannon, or Rogers indices of difference or with simple matching coefficients, supported the hypothesis of less population polymorphism in the asexual collections. The distribution of virulence differences among isolates in one of the asexual collections suggested that sexual reproduction was occurring at a low frequency which was, nevertheless, sufficient to maintain genetic variability. C1 USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GROTH, JV (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,495 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 1995 VL 75 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1038/hdy.1995.131 PN 3 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RT527 UT WOS:A1995RT52700002 ER PT J AU BROGDEN, KA ACKERMANN, MR DEBEY, BM AF BROGDEN, KA ACKERMANN, MR DEBEY, BM TI PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN INDUCES PULMONARY INFLAMMATION AFTER BRONCHOSCOPIC DEPOSITION IN CALVES AND SHEEP SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; ENDOTOXIN PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACTIVATOR; LUNG; LPS AB The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-associated protein (LAP) was extracted from Pasteurella haemolytica serotype Al strains L101 (bovine origin) and 82-25 (ovine origin), Extracts contained 0.017% total LPS and appeared as only two bands at 14 and 16.6 kDa after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, To determine the extent of pulmonary inflammation induced by LAP and its possible role in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis, LAP (500 mu g in pyrogen-free saline [PPS]) was deposited by fiber-optic bronchoscopy into the dorsum of the caudal portion of the cranial lobe of the right lung of calves (strain L101 LAP) and sheep (strain 82-25 LAP), LPS (500 mu g in PFS), 3-h P. haemolytica cultures (1.6 x 10(8) to 1.9 x 10(8) CFU in PFS), and PFS alone were deposited similarly as controls, At necropsy, 24 h after deposition,gross and histologic pulmonary lesions of calves and sheep given LAP, LPS, and P. haemolytica were similar and consisted of various degrees of acute bronchopneumonia (relative severities of lesions induced: LAP < LPS < live organisms), By subjective histologic interpretation and semiquantitative morphometry, animals given LAP had the highest percentage of macrophages per alveolar lumen and the lowest percentage of neutrophils, The lesions from animals given LPS were more severe than those given LAP, but the morphometric cell counts were similar. In contrast, animals inoculated with P. haemolytica had lesions typical of this agent, consisting of many neutrophils, proteinaceous exudate, and a few macrophages, Morphometrically, these lesions had the highest numbers of neutrophils and the lowest numbers of macrophages. These studies show that LAP can induce an inflammatory response in the alveolar lumens and may play a role in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis. C1 UNIV CALIF TULARE,VET DIAGNOST LAB,TULARE,CA 93274. RP BROGDEN, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 63 IS 9 BP 3595 EP 3599 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RQ792 UT WOS:A1995RQ79200054 PM 7642296 ER PT J AU RAINA, A PANNELL, L KOCHANSKY, J JAFFE, H AF RAINA, A PANNELL, L KOCHANSKY, J JAFFE, H TI PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF A NOVEL NEUROPEPTIDE ISOLATED FROM THE CORPORA CARDIACA OF PERIODICAL CICADAS HAVING ADIPOKINETIC AND HYPERTREHALOSEMIC ACTIVITIES SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADIPOKINETIC HORMONE; NEUROPEPTIDE; CORPORA CARDIACA; LIPID MOBILIZATION; PERIODICAL CICADA; MAGICICADA SPECIES; NEZARA VIRIDULA ID CORPUS CARDIACUM; HORMONE; NOMENCLATURE AB A new neuropeptide hormone was isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the periodical cicadas, Magicicada species, Primary structure of the peptide as determined by a combination of automated Edman degradation after enzymatic deblocking with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase and mass spectrometery is: pGlu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Ser-Trp-Gly-Asn-NH2. Synthetic peptide assayed in the green stink bug Nezara viridula caused a 112% increase in hemolymph lipids at a dose of 0.625 pmol, and a 67% increase in hemolymph carbohydrates at a dose of 2.5 pmol, Based on these results we designate this peptide, a first from order Homoptera, as Magicicada species-adipokinetic hormone (Mcsp-AKH). C1 NIDDKD,ANALYT CHEM LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NINCDS,PROT PEPTIDE SEQUENCING FACIL,NEUROCHEM LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP RAINA, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 929 EP 932 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00032-Q PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA RV027 UT WOS:A1995RV02700007 PM 7550248 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KB SALOMON, B AF JENSEN, KB SALOMON, B TI CYTOGENETICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF ELYMUS-PANORMITANUS VAR HETEROPHYLLUS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ELYMUS-PANORMITANUS VAR PANORMITANUS (POACEAE, TRITICEAE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; ASIATIC ELYMUS; CYTOLOGY; HYBRIDIZATION; GRANDIGLUMIS; SCABRUS; KENGII AB Elymus panormitanus var. heterophyllus, PI-235086, was collected in Israel and became part of the National Plant Germplasm System as Elymus caninus L. in 1956. Bivalent pairing at metaphase I (MI) in E. panormitanus var. heterophyllus (2n = 42) was typical of other allohexaploids within the Triticeae. However, chromosome pairing analysis at MI of the tetraploid hybrids with Pseudoroegneria spicata (2n = 14, SS) and the pentaploid hybrids with Pseudoroegneria stipifolia (2n = 28, SSSS), Elymus lanceolatus (2n = 28, SSHH), E, panormitanus (2n = 28, SSYY), and Elymus nevski (2n = 28, SSYY) indicated that two of the three genomes of E, panormitanus var. heterophyllus were at least partially homologous to the S genome and confirmed the presence of a Y genome. Cluster analysis of 18 key characters separated E. panormitanus var. heterophyllus from E. panormitanus. However, the continuous variation between the two taxa made taxonomic separation difficult unless the samples represented the two extremes. In this unique case, two taxa-E. panormitanus var. heterophyllus and E. panormitanus-were very close morphologically but different genomically. Elymus panormitanus var. heterophyllus is a hexaploid (SSSSYY 2n = 42) and E. panormitanus is an allotetraploid (SSYY; 2n = 28). C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT PLANT BREEDING RES,S-26831 SVALOV,SWEDEN. RP JENSEN, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 156 IS 5 BP 731 EP 739 DI 10.1086/297295 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RY893 UT WOS:A1995RY89300016 ER PT J AU TOLK, JA HOWELL, TA STEINER, JL KRIEG, DR SCHNEIDER, AD AF TOLK, JA HOWELL, TA STEINER, JL KRIEG, DR SCHNEIDER, AD TI ROLE OF TRANSPIRATION SUPPRESSION BY EVAPORATION OF INTERCEPTED WATER IN IMPROVING IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CENTER PIVOT SPRINKLER; SYSTEM; FLOW AB Sprinkler irrigation efficiency declines when applied water intercepted by the crop foliage, or gross interception (I-gross), as well as airborne droplets and ponded water at the soil surface evaporate before use by the crop. However, evaporation of applied water can also supply some of the atmospheric demands usually met by plant transpiration. Any suppression of crop transpiration from the irrigated area as compared to a non-irrigated area can be subtracted from I-gross irrigation application losses for a reduced, or net, interception (I-net) loss. This study was conducted to determine the extent in which transpiration suppression due to microclimatic modification resulting from evaporation of plant-intercepted water and/or of applied water can reduce total sprinkler irrigation application losses of impact sprinkler and low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation systems. Fully irrigated corn (Zea Mays L.) was grown on 0.75 m wide east-west rows in 1990 at Bushland, TX in two contiguous 5-ha fields, each containing a weighing lysimeter and micrometeorological instrumentation. Transpiration (Tr) was measured using heat balance sap flow gauges. During and following an impact sprinkler irrigation, within-canopy vapor pressure deficit and canopy temperature declined sharply due to canopy-intercepted water and microclimatic modification from evaporation. For an average day time impact irrigation application of 21 mm, estimated average I-gross loss was 10.7%, but the resulting suppression of measured Tr by 50% or more during the irrigation reduced I-gross loss by 3.9%. On days of high solar radiation, continued transpiration suppression following the irrigation reduced I-gross loss an additional 1.2%. Further 4-6% reductions in I-gross losses were predicted when aerodynamic and canopy resistances were considered. Irrigation water applied only at the soil surface by LEPA irrigation had little effect on the microclimate within the canopy and consequently on Tr or ET, or irrigation application efficiency. C1 USDA ARS,WATKINSVILLE,GA. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP TOLK, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 25 TC 45 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA TB604 UT WOS:A1995TB60400005 ER PT J AU KREBS, M AF KREBS, M TI PHD PROBLEMS SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP KREBS, M (reprint author), USDA,OFF ENERGY RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 12 IS 1 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA TB409 UT WOS:A1995TB40900016 ER PT J AU STEVENS, KL WILSON, RE FRIEDMAN, M AF STEVENS, KL WILSON, RE FRIEDMAN, M TI INACTIVATION OF A TETRACHLOROIMIDE MUTAGEN FROM SIMULATED PROCESSING WATER SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE; L-CYSTEINE; FOOD SAFETY; GLUTATHIONE; L-LYSINE; MUTAGEN INACTIVATION; POULTRY CHILLER WATER; SODIUM BISULFITE; SODIUM SULFITE; TETRACHLOROIMIDE MUTAGEN ID POULTRY CHILLER WATER AB The tetrachloroimide 3-(dichloromethylene)-4,4-dichloro-2,5-pyrrolidinedione (compound 1), a potent, direct-acting mutagen inducing more than 1500 revertants/nmol in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 (Ames assay) without metabolic activation, is formed during chlorination of simulated poultry chiller water. The mutagenicity of this compound decreased rapidly upon exposure to various nucleophilic compounds such as L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, cysteine ethyl ester, reduced glutathione, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and L-lysine. The amino acids aspartic acid and glycine were ineffective under the test condition of pH 7 at room temperature. Loss of mutagenicity was directly related to time of exposure and concentration of nucleophile as measured with N-acety-L-cysteine and L-lysine. The pH of the reaction medium in the range of 6-8 did not influence the inactivation. Although the reaction products resulting from the exposure of the imide to the nucleophilic compounds have not been identified, ultraviolet spectral studies and mechanistic considerations suggest that they may result from displacement of a chloride on the imide. The possible significance of these findings to food safety and to the reduction of the mutagenic potential of poultry chiller water is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 43 IS 9 BP 2424 EP 2427 DI 10.1021/jf00057a020 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RW089 UT WOS:A1995RW08900020 ER PT J AU COLE, NA AF COLE, NA TI INFLUENCE OF A 3-DAY FEED AND WATER-DEPRIVATION PERIOD ON GUT FILL, TISSUE WEIGHTS, AND TISSUE COMPOSITION IN MATURE WETHERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; FEED DEPRIVATION; STRESS; SHRINK ID VISCERAL ORGAN SIZE; BEEF STEERS; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; SHEEP; CALVES; LAMBS; NUTRITION; RECOVERY; LEVEL; DIET AB Fourteen mature wethers (average BW 71.8 +/- .86 kg) were used to study the effects of feed and water deprivation on the quantity and composition of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contents and tissues. Sheep (seven/treatment) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) limit fed 1,400 g/d of a pelleted diet or 2) deprived of feed and water for 3 d. Before euthanasia, sheep were infused i.v. with Evans blue, sodium thiocyanate, and antipyrine to determine plasma, extracellular, and total body water, respectively. Blood samples were obtained for 4 h after the infusions. Sheep were killed by injection of a lethal dose of a general anesthetic and organs were immediately removed, weighed, and sampled. Compared with controls, unfed sheep lost 7.1 kg (9.9%; P < .05) of their BW during the 3-d deprivation period, of which 21.1% was from the stomach contents, 28.1% (P < .05) was from the GIT (stomach + intestine) contents, and 6.7% (P < .02) was from GIT tissues. The weight loss of the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys each accounted for less than 1% of the total weight loss. Of the total weight loss, 80% (P < .09) was body water. Of total body water loss, 57% (P < .20) was from the intracellular compartment and 29% (P < .06) was from the GIT contents. Total Ca, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, and Zn losses via fecal + urinary excretion were less or equal to losses from the GIT contents. In contrast, fecal + urinary losses of water, N, P, and K were greater than losses from the GIT contents, suggesting that appreciable losses of these nutrients occurred from the tissues. RP COLE, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 54 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2548 EP 2557 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400006 PM 8582843 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZALMEIDA, FA VANVLECK, LD CUNDIFF, LV KACHMAN, SD AF RODRIGUEZALMEIDA, FA VANVLECK, LD CUNDIFF, LV KACHMAN, SD TI HETEROGENEITY OF VARIANCE BY SIRE BREED, SEX, AND DAM BREED IN 200-DAY AND 365-DAY WEIGHTS OF BEEF-CATTLE FROM A TOP CROSS EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VARIANCE; HETEROGENEITY; WEIGHT TRAITS; BEEF CATTLE ID BIOLOGICAL TYPES; GROWTH TRAITS; FEED-EFFICIENCY; CYCLE-III; POSTWEANING GROWTH; PREWEANING GROWTH; WEANING TRAITS; ANIMAL-MODEL; BIRTH; PARAMETERS AB The nature of the heterogeneity of variance for 200- and 365-d weights by sex, sire breed, and dam breed subclasses was studied. Data consisted of records for weaning (n = 7,829) and yearling (n 7,367) weights of progeny from 673 and 672 sires, respectively, from 22 breeds that have been evaluated in the Germ Plasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE. Sires were mated to Hereford and Angus cows. Each trait was analyzed separately. Three studies were undertaken separately to investigate heterogeneity due to the different factors (i.e, sire breed, sex, or dam breed). Only data from seven sire breeds were used to study the factor sire breed, but all data (22 sire breeds) were used to study the factors sex and dam breed. In each study, three sire and dam models with records of animals of the four sex x dam breed combinations considered different traits and with the same model equation, but covariance structures for random effects (sires, dams, and residuals) of increasing generality were fitted. First, (co)variances across subclasses were assumed equal. Second, correlations and fractions of phenotypic variance were assumed equal but phenotypic variance differed by sire breed, sex, or dam breed as appropriate. Third, variances and covariances were different for each subclass of the factor under study. Variance components were estimated by derivative-free REML. Models for each trait and each factor were compared through likelihood ratio tests. For both traits, variances differed (P < .02) in scale, but not as fractions of phenotypic variance (P > .10), by sire breed and sex subclasses. Variances were not different (P > .10) by dam breed subclasses, either in scale or as fractions of phenotypic variance. Estimates of correlations among genetic effects on weights of calves from different sex-dam breed subclasses were at least .85. Across all sex, sire breed, and dam breed subclasses, pooled estimates of sire and dam variances as fractions of phenotypic variance were, respectively, .06 and .39 for weaning weight and .11 and .24 for yearling weight. The conclusion is that the assumption of equal phenotypic variances among sire breeds and between sexes may not be appropriate in genetic evaluations. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOMETRY,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2579 EP 2588 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400010 PM 8582847 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZALMEIDA, FA VANVLECK, LD CUNDIFF, LV AF RODRIGUEZALMEIDA, FA VANVLECK, LD CUNDIFF, LV TI EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING FOR DIFFERENT PHENOTYPIC VARIANCES BY SIRE BREED AND SEX ON SELECTION OF SIRES BASED ON EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCES FOR 200-DAY AND 365-DAY WEIGHTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCE; MULTIPLE BREEDS; BEEF CATTLE ID HETEROGENEOUS VARIANCE; GENETIC TREND; TRAITS; HERDS; MODEL AB The effects of accounting for different phenotypic variances according to sire breed and sex subclasses on estimation of sire breed effects and prediction of expected progeny differences of sires mated to Hereford and Angus cows were investigated. Data consisted of 6,977 and 6,530 records of (weaning) and 365-d (yearling) weights, respectively, of F-1 calves sired by bulls (662 and 661, respectively) of 23 breeds that have been evaluated in the Germ Plasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE. Models compared included fixed effects of genetic group of sire (samples of sires evaluated at different times), dam breed, sex, birth year of calf and age of dam, plus sire within genetic group and dam within dam breed as random effects. Variance structures were different: Model I assumed homogeneous variances across sire breed-sex subclasses; Model II accounted for differences in phenotypic variance by sire breed and sex subclasses. Differences between estimates of sire group effects obtained with the two models were not significant for either trait. Product-moment and rank correlations between expected progeny differences obtained with Model I and Model II were greater than .93 when computed within each group and .99 or larger when computed across breeds. There were slight changes in the numbers of sires contributed by different breeds to the proportions selected across breeds under different selection intensities when sires were ranked with the two models. However, differences between means predicted under Model II were small when sires were ranked and selected based on the two models. Changes in standard errors of prediction for expected progeny differences and standard errors for estimates of breed effects obtained when adjusting for differences of phenotypic variances, compared to not adjusting, were proportional to the ratios of the phenotypic standard deviations of the sire breeds to the common phenotypic standard deviation. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2589 EP 2599 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400011 PM 8582848 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, SW GALLAVAN, RH WILLIAMS, CB PHILLIPS, WA VOLESKY, JD RODRIGUEZ, S BENNETT, GL AF COLEMAN, SW GALLAVAN, RH WILLIAMS, CB PHILLIPS, WA VOLESKY, JD RODRIGUEZ, S BENNETT, GL TI SILAGE OR LIMIT-FED GRAIN GROWING DIETS FOR STEERS .1. GROWTH AND CARCASS QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; FORAGE; CONCENTRATES; CARCASS QUALITY; TENDERNESS ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; METABOLISM; PALATABILITY; TISSUE; BEEF; AGE; NUTRITION; PROTEIN; FORAGE; BODY AB The influence of energy source (silage- [S] or grain- [G] based) on organ growth, carcass quality, and meat acceptability independent of rate of gain was examined. Sixty-four Angus steers were allotted to one of the two treatments and given ad libitum access to silage or limit-fed grain for 145 d. All steers were then given ad libitum access to a grain diet for 45, 75, or 105 d. Eight steers from each treatment were slaughtered at the end of the growing phase and at each of the termination dates. The silage-based growing diet consisted (DM basis) of 55% sorghum silage (averaged 23.6% dry matter), 22% alfalfa hay, 10.8% ground shelled corn, and 10.8% soybean meal and contained 12.8% CP. Dry matter in the grain-based diet, composed of 76.5% ground shelled corn, 5% soybean meal, 13.6% cottonseed hulls, 3.5% molasses, and .4% salt and 1% limestone, contained 12.1% CP. It was limit-fed to produce rates of gain similar to the silage diet eaten ad libitum, using net energy for gain of each diet calculated from organic matter digestibility determined in digestion trials. The finishing diet was similar to the grain growing diet except that alfalfa hay replaced the cottonseed hulls. No implants or ionophores were used. High silage moisture decreased ADG the first 45 d, so steers fed grain gained faster, but thereafter gains were similar. At the end of the growing phase, steers fed grain had heavier shrunk and empty body weights and larger livers. However, liver size was not different when adjusted for growing ADG. By 45 d with ad libitum access to the finishing diet, 75% bf the carcasses from steers fed both diets graded Choice. Steers fed silage had tougher (P < .05) steaks with less flavor intensity (P < .05) at, the end of the growing phase; these differences diminished after 75 d on feed. These results suggest that Choice beef can be produced in only 45 d in the feedlot, but tenderness and flavor among Choice carcasses remained inferior for steers fed silage for at least 75 d on a high-grain diet. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP COLEMAN, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2609 EP 2620 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400013 PM 8582850 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, SW GALLAVAN, RH PHILLIPS, WA VOLESY, JD RODRIGUEZ, S AF COLEMAN, SW GALLAVAN, RH PHILLIPS, WA VOLESY, JD RODRIGUEZ, S TI SILAGE OR LIMIT-FED GRAIN GROWING DIETS FOR STEERS .2. EMPTY BODY AND CARCASS COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; FORAGE; CONCENTRATES; BODY COMPOSITION; ADIPOCYTES ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; COMPUTER-MODEL; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BEEF-CATTLE; NUTRITION; CELLULARITY; METABOLISM; LEVEL; GAIN; FAT AB The influence of energy source (silage- or grain-based) on empty body and carcass composition and adipocyte cellularity independent of rate of gain was tested. Sixty-four Angus steers were allotted to either a forage (ad libitum) or grain (limit-fed) diet for a growing phase (145 d) followed by 45, 75, or 105 d of ad libitum access to a grain-based diet. Eight steers were slaughtered initially and eight from each treatment were slaughtered at the end of the growing phase, and at each of the termination dates. The silage growing diet consisted (DM basis) of 55% sorghum silage (approximately 24% dry matter), 22% alfalfa hay, 11% ground shelled corn, and 11% soybean meal. The grain-based growing diet was composed of 77% ground shelled corn, 5% soybean meal, 14% cottonseed hulls, 3% molasses, and 1% salt and mineral; it was limit-fed to produce the same rate of gain as the silage diet. No implants or ionophores were used. At the end of the growing phase, the steers fed grain were heavier and had a higher percentage of fat in the empty body (24 vs 19% fat) and the carcass (26 vs 21% fat) than did steers fed forage. Rate of gain during the growth phase was related positively to percentage of carcass fat; when corrected for fill, data for both diets fit one regression line for fat vs rate of gain. When adjusted for gain during the growing phase, fat content was not different in empty body or carcass, but internal fat was higher (P < .10) for steers fed grain. After 45 d on the finishing diet, carcass fat remained low (23%), but after 75 and 105 d, fat content reached 27%. Source of energy did not detectably affect carcass composition independent of rate of gain. Cell size of adipocytes from four adipose depots increased with time on feed but were not affected by diet during the growing phase. Lean Choice beef can be produced in only 45 d in the feedlot with medium-framed Angus cattle. RP COLEMAN, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2621 EP 2630 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400014 PM 8582851 ER PT J AU LEFCOURT, AM ELSASSER, TH AF LEFCOURT, AM ELSASSER, TH TI ADRENAL RESPONSES OF ANGUS X HEREFORD CATTLE TO THE STRESS OF WEANING SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; WEANING; EPINEPHRINE; NOREPINEPHRINE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS ID MOTHER-INFANT SEPARATION; CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; MILK-EJECTION; DAIRY-COWS; BEEF-COWS; INHIBIT; CALVES; FREEZE; CALF AB To test adrenal responsiveness of beef cattle to stress, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol responses of Angus x Hereford cattle to weaning were measured in blood samples taken from 1) eight cows and their 4- to 6-mo-old calves before and after separation and, the following day, before and after being reunited and 2) an equal number of control animals. After separation and before they were reunited, dams were returned to their original pen and calves to an adjacent pen. Experimental trials were conducted every 2 wk and included two cow/calf pairs per trial. Norepinephrine concentrations tended to increase in calves after separation, were increased (+82 pg/mL, P < .01) on the 2nd d before animals were reunited, and decreased (-88 pg/mL, P < .01) after animals were reunited. Epinephrine concentrations tended to increase in calves after separation, were increased in calves (+128 pg/mL, P < .001) and darns (+104 pg/mL, P < .001) on the 2nd d before animals were reunited, and decreased after calves (-162 pg/mL, P < .001) and dams (-101 pg/ml, P < .001) were reunited. There were no significant effects of time on catecholamine concentrations for control animals. Cortisol concentrations for treated and control animals tended to increase in sequential samples each day; however, the increases were small(similar to 1 ng/mL) and concentrations remained low (> 5 ng/mL). In conclusion, peripheral catecholamine concentrations in beef calves and epinephrine concentrations in dams increased in response to stress associated with weaning and separation. Responses of calves and dams were greatest 24 h after the animals were separated, and both showed reduced signs of distress when reunited. RP LEFCOURT, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BLDG 173,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2669 EP 2676 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400020 PM 8582857 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, WA HORN, GW SMITH, ME AF PHILLIPS, WA HORN, GW SMITH, ME TI EFFECT OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON FORAGE INTAKE AND NITROGEN-BALANCE OF LAMBS FED FRESHLY HARVESTED WHEAT FORAGE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENERGY; COTTONSEED MEAL; MAIZE; GLUTEN; FEATHER MEAL; BLOOD MEAL ID GRAZING WINTER ANNUALS; RUMINAL ESCAPE PROTEIN; GROWING CALVES; STEERS; PASTURE; QUALITY; FERMENTATION; DETERMINANTS; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY AB Wether lambs (mean BW = 32 kg) fed wheat forage freshly harvested daily (Exp. 1, n = 28; Exp. 2, n = 25) were used to evaluate the effects of supplemental energy and protein on forage intake, diet digestibility, and N retention. Experiment 1 was conducted in the winter of 1988 and the four treatments were 1) CONTROL, no supplement; 2) ENERGY, low-protein corn-based supplement; 3) CSM, 22% CP supplement with cottonseed meal; and 4) CGM, 22% CP supplement with corn gluten meal. Experiment 2 was conducted in the spring of 1989, and the five treatments were 1) CONTROL; 2) ENERGY; 3) CSM, 23% CP with cottonseed meal; 4), FTM, 25% CP supplement with feather meal and corn gluten meal; and 5) BM, 25% CP supplement with blood meal and corn gluten meal. All supplements were isoenergetic and composed 22 and 24% of total DMI in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, forage intake was not affected but total and digestible DMI were increased (P < .01) by energy and protein supplementation. Protein supplements did not (P > .10) increase total and digestible DMI compared to ENERGY supplementation but tended (P < .10) to increase N retention (g/d). In Exp. 2, digestible DMI and N retention did not differ among the five treatments. Results suggest that lambs consuming wheat forage in the vegetative stage (Exp. 1) will have greater digestible DMI if supplemental energy or protein is provided. When more mature wheat forage was fed (Exp. 2), energy seemed to limit animal performance. d C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,OKLAHOMA AGR EXPT STN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP PHILLIPS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2687 EP 2693 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400022 PM 8582859 ER PT J AU BRODERICK, GA AF BRODERICK, GA TI DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF FORAGE LEGUMES FOR IMPROVING PROTEIN-UTILIZATION IN RUMINANTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUMEN DEGRADED PROTEIN; RUMEN UNDEGRADED PROTEIN; MICROBIAL PROTEINS; FORAGE; ALFALFA; MAIZE SILAGE ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; SOLVENT SOYBEAN-MEAL; FED ALFALFA SILAGE; SOLE FORAGE; PROTEOLYTIC-ENZYMES; RUMEN BACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; HAY; DEGRADATION; DIGESTION AB Forages help meet the protein requirements of ruminants by providing degraded CP for microbial protein synthesis plus protein that escapes ruminal degradation. Evidence from numerous feeding studies with lactating dairy cows indicates that excessive ruminal protein degradation may be the most limiting nutritional factor in higher-quality temperate legume forages. Hence, there is interest in identifying factors that influence the rate and extent of ruminal degradation of forage proteins. Condensed tannins found in legumes are known to decrease protein degradation, either by altering the forage proteins or by inhibiting microbial proteases. Quadratic regressions of degradation rate and estimated protein escape on tannin concentration reached minimal rate (.048/h) and maximal escape (56%) at 27 g of tannic acid equivalents/kg of DM. Although most tannin-containing forages are not well-adapted to growing conditions in North America, biotechnology has been used to inject genes for tannins into adapted germplasm. The CP in red clover, which has no detectable tannins, was found to be less degradable than that in alfalfa, both in the silo and in the rumen. Small differences in protein degradability also were detected among alfalfa germplasm. Protein in alfalfa harvested as hay, rather than as silage, was used more efficiently for milk protein synthesis when fed to lactating cows; degraded CP from hay was captured more efficiently by ruminal microbes for protein synthesis in vitro. A ruminal escape of approximately 35% for total dietary CP is recommended by the NRC for lactating dairy cows fed mixed diets with 1.6 to 1.7 Meal of NE(l)/kg of DM. Ruminal degradation of CP from the forage portion of the diet can exceed 65% when forages are the major source of degradable protein. When ruminants obtain most or all of their nutrients from forage, the ruminal escape for forage protein should approximate 35%. RP BRODERICK, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 59 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2760 EP 2773 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400032 PM 8582869 ER PT J AU JUNG, HG ALLEN, MS AF JUNG, HG ALLEN, MS TI CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT-CELL WALLS AFFECTING INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGES BY RUMINANTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FORAGES; CELL WALLS; FIBER; INTAKE; DIGESTIBILITY ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; MIDRIB CORN-SILAGE; FUNCTIONAL SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; PARTICLE-SIZE REDUCTION; FEEDING VALUE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; TEMPERATE GRASS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS AB Even under the intensive concentrate feeding systems of ruminant animal production in the United States, forages continue to represent the single most important feed resource. Cell-wall concentration and digestibility limit the intake potential and energy availability of forage crops in beef and dairy production. Identification of cell-wall characteristics that should be targets of genetic modification is required if plant breeders and molecular biologists are to successfully improve forages for livestock feeding, As the forage plant cell develops, phenolic acids and lignin are deposited in the maturing cell wall in specific structural conformations, and in a strict developmental sequence. Lignin is the key element that limits cell-wall digestibility, but cross-linkage of lignin and wall polysaccharides by ferulic acid bridges may be a prerequisite for lignin to exert its affect. Lignin composition and p-coumaric acid in the wall are less likely to affect digestibility. Voluntary intake of forages is a critical determinant of animal performance and cell-wall concentration is negatively related to intake of ruminants consuming high-forage diets. Cell walls affect intake by contributing to ruminal fill. A simple model of cell-wall digestion and passage in which ruminal fill is a function of rates of digestion and passage, as well as the indigestible fraction of the cell-wall indicates that cell-wall concentration and rate of passage are the most critical parameters determining ruminal fill. Plant factors that affect rate of passage include those that affect particle size reduction by chewing and those that affect particle buoyancy in the rumen. The latter is primarily affected by 1) the ability of the particulate matter to retain gases, which is probably related to plant anatomy and rate of digestion of the plant tissue, and 2) the rate at which the gas is produced, which is affected by the potentially digestible fraction of the particulate matter and the rate of digestion of this fraction. Increasing rate of digestion should increase rate of passage by diminishing the gas produced and increasing density over time. A reduction in the indigestible cell-wall fraction is beneficial because this will decrease fill and increase digestibility. Animal production and economic benefits from reduced cell-wall concentration and increased digestibility are significant. Because of the high cell-wall concentration and large digestible cell-wall fraction of grasses, reduction in cell-wall concentration would probably be of greater value than improving digestibility in these species. Legumes represent the opposite situation and may benefit more from improvements in the digestibility of their cell walls. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP JUNG, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,411 BORIANG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Allen, Michael/B-5771-2009 NR 142 TC 294 Z9 319 U1 8 U2 52 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2774 EP 2790 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400033 PM 8582870 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, HD GRIMES, RW COOPER, BS HAMMOND, JM AF GUTHRIE, HD GRIMES, RW COOPER, BS HAMMOND, JM TI FOLLICULAR ATRESIA IN PIGS - MEASUREMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE APOPTOSIS; FLOW CYTOMETRY; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA; TERMINAL TRANSFERASE 3'-END LABELING; PIGS ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ATRETIC FOLLICLES; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; BINDING-PROTEINS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; APOPTOSIS; GROWTH; GRANULOSA AB The physiological regulation of follicular atresia was investigated during the early luteal phase after ovulation and during altrenogest-synchronized preovulatory maturation in pigs (gilts). Apoptosis in dispersed granulosa cells was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptotic (A(0)) cells contain low, subdiploid amounts of DNA fluorescence. Follicles were classified biochemically as atretic or nonatretic based on the percentage of A(0) (% A(0)) cells, atretic with greater than or equal to 10%, and nonatretic with < 10% A(0) granulosa cells. The % A(0) granulosa cells/follicle ranged from .02 to 89. Follicles containing debris in their isolated granulosa cells were classified as morphologically atretic. The morphological and biochemical criteria of atresia were in agreement for 224 of 248 follicles. Internucleosomal DNA cleavage, the hallmark of apoptosis, was determined by autoradiographic analysis of [P-32]3'-end labeled DNA from granulosa cells. Densitometric analysis showed that optical density of [P-32]3'-end labeled DNA fragments in the .18 to 20 kbp size range was correlated with the % A(0) cells (R > .9, n = 22, P < .001). During altrenogest-synchronized preovulatory maturation, < 5% of large (> 6 mm in diameter) follicles were atretic. Among medium-sized follicles (3 to 6 mm) on d 1 and 3 of preovulatory maturation, only 17% were atretic, in contrast with d 5 when 87% were atretic. During the early luteal phase, atretic follicles/pig increased from 6% on d 5 to 50% on d 7 after estrus. Follicular fluid estradiol-17 beta concentration was greater (P < .001) in nonatretic than in atretic follicles on d 5 and 6 after estrus, but by d 7 estradiol-17 beta had decreased to a mean < 1 ng/mL in nonatretic and atretic follicles. The increase in apoptosis in granulosa cells and loss of estradiol-17 beta production in vivo indicated a high incidence of atresia among the first group of follicles grown after ovulation in pigs. These results indicate that apoptotic cell death was involved in degeneration of granulosa cells and atresia during two different stages of follicular development. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL DIABET & METAB,HERSHEY,PA 17033. RP GUTHRIE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 46 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2834 EP 2844 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RV364 UT WOS:A1995RV36400037 PM 8582874 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Cole, RJ Dorner, JW Yagen, B AF Sobolev, VS Cole, RJ Dorner, JW Yagen, B TI Isolation, purification, and liquid chromatographic determination of stilbene phytoalexins in peanuts SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; RESVERATROL; WINES AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of stilbene phytoalexins (SPs) in peanuts has been developed. SPs were extracted with acetonitrile-water (90 + 10, v/v) by high-speed blending, An aliquot of extract was applied to a minicolumn packed with Al2O3-ODS (C-18) mixture and eluted with acetonitrile-water (90 + 10, v/v). Eluate was evaporated under nitrogen, and residue was dissolved in LC mobile phase. SPs in an aliquot of purified extract were quantitated by normal-phase partition LC on silica gel with n-heptane-2-propanol-water-acetonitrile acetic acid (1050 + 270 + 17 + 5 + 1, v/v) as mobile phase. Recoveries of SPs [trans-4-(3-methyl-but-1-enyl)-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene (trans-arachidin-3; t-Ar-3), trans-3-isopentadienyl-4,3',5'-trihydroxystilbene (t-IPD), and trans 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene (trans-resvera-trol; t-Res)] from peanuts spiked at 300 ppb were 96.05 +/- 2.8%. Limits of quantitation for t-Ar-3 and t-IPD were about 100 ppb. t-Ar-3, t-IPD, and t-Res were found in all parts of the peanut plant as major SPs produced in response to fungal invasion. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,SCH PHARM,IL-91120 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 22 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1177 EP 1182 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV259 UT WOS:A1995TV25900011 ER PT J AU Lynch, JM Barbano, DM Fleming, JR AF Lynch, JM Barbano, DM Fleming, JR TI Evaluation of commercially available milk powders for calibration of mid-infrared analyzers SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB The performance of commercially available shelf-stable milk powders that upon reconstitution can be used as calibration samples for mid-infrared (IR) analyzers was evaluated. Twelve reconstituted powders and 7 raw milk samples were sent to each of 7 laboratories. Each laboratory analyzed the reconstituted powders and milk samples by IR and obtained both corrected and uncorrected data. The corrected data reflected the current calibrations (based on calibration with fresh, raw milk) of each instrument. The uncorrected data from the reconstituted powders were used to derive separate calibration equations for each instrument. Two of the 12 reconstituted powers were discarded from the analysis because of poor quality. The abilities of the powder-based and current calibrations to predict accurately the total protein and fat contents of the 7 raw milk samples were compared. For the current and powder-based calibrations, respectively, the mean differences from chemical analysis for total protein were -0.006 and 0.031%, and the standard deviations of the differences (SDD) were 0.029 and 0.029%. For fat, the mean difference for the current calibration was -0.001%, and the SDD was 0.034%. For the powder-based fat calibration, the mean differences were 0.034% (fat A only), -0.047% (fat B only), and -0.061% (fat A and fat B), and SDDs were 0.046% (fat A only), 0.036% (fat B only), and 0.056% (fat A and fat B). The reconstituted powders did not provide as accurate an IR fat calibration for testing raw milk samples as can be obtained with raw milk calibration samples. This is attributed primarily to differences in the characteristics of the fat in the reconstituted powders and in raw milk. For protein, analytical precisions for both types of calibrations were comparable, and the positive bias for the powder-based calibration is relatively easy to correct by basing calibration on true protein nitrogen instead of total nitrogen. C1 AGR MKT SERV,USDA,TEXAS MILK MARKET,CARROLLTON,TX 75006. RP Lynch, JM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1219 EP 1224 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV259 UT WOS:A1995TV25900017 ER PT J AU Smith, EB Barbano, DM Lynch, JM Fleming, JR AF Smith, EB Barbano, DM Lynch, JM Fleming, JR TI Infrared analysis of milk: Effect of homogenizer and optical filter selection on apparent homogenization efficiency and repeatability SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; ANALYZERS AB The apparent homogenization efficiency (AHE) and repeatability of one instrument was measured with 5 instrument homogenizers that differ in true homogenization efficiency (THE) to determine if instrument characteristics change when different fat A and B optical filters are used in the same machine. Inefficient homogenizers demonstrated both poor repeatability and poor AHE with both sets of fat B filters. One set of fat A filters produced infrared readings that were influenced less by differences in homogenization efficiencies than the other set. The most inefficient homogenizer demonstrated poor repeatability and failed AHE evaluation with both pairs of fat B filters and one pair of fat A filters. Differences in the transmission characteristics of the 2 sets of fat A filters influenced results of AHE evaluation for the most inefficient homogenizers. However, a very efficient homogenizer passed evaluation of AHE and demonstrated good repeatability on both unhomogenized and homogenized milks regardless of differences in the spectral characteristics of filters. A second objective was to determine ii AHE test values are correlated with true differences in milk fat globule (MFG) size distribution. A good correlation was found between AHE and THE data for a group of homogenizers for one reference milk. A weakness of the AHE test is that the MFG size distribution of the externally homogenized reference milk may vary from one evaluation to another, resulting in an inconsistent reference point for AHE values. The preferred method of evaluating homogenization efficiency of infrared milk analyzers is analysis of the MFG size distribution resulting from instrument homogenization of unhomogenized milk. C1 USDA,AGR MARKETING SERV,CARROLLTON,TX 75006. RP Smith, EB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1233 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV259 UT WOS:A1995TV25900018 ER PT J AU CALL, JE COOKE, PH MILLER, AJ AF CALL, JE COOKE, PH MILLER, AJ TI IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN SYNTHESIS AND EXPORT SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; CELL-WALL; GROWTH; IMMUNOASSAY; BACILLUS AB A monoclonal antitoxin/colloidal gold probe and sequential centrifugation were used to study synthesis, translocation and export of Clostridium botulinum strain 62A neurotoxin (NT). Exponential growth occurred after 5 h of anaerobic incubation of spores and continued for 15-16 h. NT was detected at 15 h using the probe and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 2 h earlier than the first detection by the mouse bioassay. During exponential growth, the probe localized NT primarily in the cytoplasm, on the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cell wall. During stationary and death phases, the NT was located within the cytoplasm, cell wall and extracellularly. NT was released from the cell during cell wall exfoliation. Cells retained NT after repeated gelatin-phosphate washes and sequential centrifugations, consistent with the TEM observation that the NT is bound to the cell wall. These observations indicate that the process of CI. botulinum type A NT production follows a sequence of synthesis, translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane and export through the cell wall. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03135.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RW472 UT WOS:A1995RW47200004 PM 7592120 ER PT J AU ZHANG, NY JONES, BL AF ZHANG, NY JONES, BL TI DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITIES DURING BARLEY MALTING AND THEIR LOCALIZATION IN THE GREEN MALT KERNEL SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; MALTING; PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS; GERMINATION; PROTEINASE ID CYSTEINE ENDOPROTEINASE; ENDOPROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES; PURIFICATION; GERMINATION; PROTEINASE AB The water-insoluble storage proteins of barley seeds reside in the starchy endosperm tissue. This tissue, when expressed from germinating barley, has a pH of 4.8. The hydrolysis of storage proteins during germination (malting) occurs mainly in the endosperm, so proteinases that are located in endosperm and are active at pH 4.8 are probably important to the storage protein hydrolytic process. This study reports our continued investigations of the endoproteinases of germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Morex) with a two-dimensional gel separation method that uses isoelectric focusing (IEF) and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in gels containing incorporated substrate protein. We identified the endoproteinases that were active at pH 4.8 and determined when they appeared during germination and where they were located in 4-day germinated barley (green malt). A total of nine cysteine, four aspartic, and two serine class proteolytic activities that were active at pH 4.8 were extracted from the endosperm tissue of green malt. It seems probable that some or all of these endosperm endoproteinases, especially proteinases C7, C8, C11, D3, E3 and E4, are the ones most intimately involved in hydrolyzing the storage proteins during malting. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/0733-5210(95)90044-6 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA TB909 UT WOS:A1995TB90900007 ER PT J AU BINDER, BF ROBBINS, JC WILSON, RL AF BINDER, BF ROBBINS, JC WILSON, RL TI CHEMICALLY MEDIATED OVIPOSITIONAL BEHAVIORS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FARNESENE; FARNESOL; NEROLIDOL; EUROPEAN CORN BORER; OSTRINIA NUBILALIS; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; OVIPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; EGG MASSES; DIGITAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE ID IDENTIFICATION AB The volatile plant sesquiterpenoids farnesene, nerolidol, and farnesol were tested to determine their effect on European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, oviposition during the first six nights of the adult stage. Adult European corn borers were released into cages designed to encourage oviposition on eight glass plates randomly arranged on top of the cage: four coated with either 80 mu g/cm(2) farnesene, nerolidol, or farnesol, and four coated with the solvent methylene chloride. The setup was used as a binary choice test. Farnesene was preferred by females because they deposited significantly more egg masses on plates coated with the compound. Nerolidol had no effect, Farnesol, by contrast, deterred oviposition: the number of egg masses was significantly lower on plates covered with that compound. These data show that structural modification at a single terminal functional group in these compounds affects the ovipositional behavior of European corn borer females. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,GENET LAB,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011. RP BINDER, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1315 EP 1327 DI 10.1007/BF02027564 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RX554 UT WOS:A1995RX55400007 PM 24234629 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB GLENN, BP AF REEVES, JB GLENN, BP TI OBSERVATIONS ON DETERMINATION OF DYSPROSIUM IN LABELED DIGESTA SAMPLES BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NEAR INFRARED; DYSPROSIUM; FORAGES; IN SITU AB The objective of this work was to determine whether the Dy content of ruminal digesta samples labeled by pulse-dosing intra-ruminally with Dy-labeled forages could be determined by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Ruminal grab samples were obtained from four steers. Equal numbers of alfalfa and orchardgrass samples were collected at 17 times (O to 165 h) after dosing and analyzed (total of 272 samples). Dysprosium was determined by direct current plasma emission spectrometry. Spectra were obtained by scanning ground samples on a scanning monochromator. Calibrations for Dy (0 to 349.5 ppm; mean = 44.5 ppm) were carried out using both stepwise and partial least squares regressions. Wavelength selections using stepwise regression included characteristic Dy wavelengths and resulted in R(2) and standard error of analysis of -.9 and greater than or equal to 20 ppm, respectively. Partial least squares regressions, although more robust, were not significantly better. Sample ashing to increase relative Dy concentrations did not improve the results. Further investigations indicated that interference by Co marker, also present in the samples, was a problem. Although near infrared reflectance spectroscopy is capable of determining Dy in labeled forages, further work is needed to increase its accuracy. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NUTRIENT CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 9 BP 1962 EP 1969 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TA534 UT WOS:A1995TA53400010 PM 8550906 ER PT J AU GRANT, RJ HADDAD, SG MOORE, KJ PEDERSEN, JF AF GRANT, RJ HADDAD, SG MOORE, KJ PEDERSEN, JF TI BROWN MIDRIB SORGHUM SILAGE FOR MIDLACTATION DAIRY-COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM; BROWN MIDRIB; LACTATION; DIGESTION ID X SUDANGRASS; DIGESTION KINETICS; CHEWING ACTIVITY; RUMINAL FLUID; CORN-SILAGE; FORAGE; RUMEN; TURNOVER; LIGNIN; FIBER AB Brown midrib sorghum silage was compared with alfalfa, corn, and normal sorghum silages for its effect on performance, ruminal metabolism, and digestive kinetics of Holstein dairy cows in midlactation. Twelve cows averaging 90 +/- 5 DIM were assigned to one of four diets in replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares with 4-wk periods. Additionally, 3 ruminally fistulated cows (95 +/- 20 DIM) were assigned to the same diets in a 3 x 4 Youden square for measurement of ruminal characteristics. Diets were fed as isonitrogenous TMR that contained 65% silage (DM basis). The DMI was greater for the corn and brown midrib sorghum (4% of BW/d) than for the alfalfa and normal sorghum diets (3.4% of BW/d). The brown midrib sorghum supported FCM production that was similar to that of cows on corn and alfalfa diets (25.8 kg/d), but cows fed normal sorghum produced less milk and fewer milk components. Source of silage had no effect on eating time, but rumination was least for the alfalfa diet. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations were similar for all diets, Total VFA concentrations were greatest for the corn and brown midrib sorghum diets. The brown midrib sorghum had greater in situ extent of ruminal NDF digestion than did the normal sorghum, which agreed with in vitro data. The brown midrib sorghum used in this experiment supported FCM production similar to the corn and alfalfa silages commonly fed to dairy, cows in midlactation. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT AGRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, USDA ARS, WHEAT SORGHUM & FORAGE RES UNIT, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. RP GRANT, RJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT ANIM SCI, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. NR 30 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 9 BP 1970 EP 1980 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TA534 UT WOS:A1995TA53400011 PM 8550907 ER PT J AU GAYNOR, PJ WALDO, DR CAPUCO, AV ERDMAN, RA DOUGLASS, LW TETER, BB AF GAYNOR, PJ WALDO, DR CAPUCO, AV ERDMAN, RA DOUGLASS, LW TETER, BB TI MILK-FAT DEPRESSION, THE GLUCOGENIC THEORY, AND TRANS-C-18/1 FATTY-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MILK FAT DEPRESSION; TRANS-C-18/1; FATTY ACIDS; INSULIN; THYROID HORMONES ID GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER; OLEIC-ACID; INSULIN; COWS; METABOLISM; BOVINE; TISSUE; SHEEP AB Metabolic and endocrinological characteristics were compared for cows that differed in the extent of milk fat depression. Forty-one multiparous Holstein cows were fed control (40% concentrate and 60% forage) and high concentrate (80% concentrate and 20% forage) diets in a doubale-reversal design. Cows showing one or more percentage units of depression in milk fat were arbitrarily classified as responders (n = 26); those remaining were classified as nonresponders (n = 15). Compared with non-responders, responders had greater increases in DMI, estimated NE(L) intake and balance, BW, milk yield, protein and lactose yields in milk, weight percentage of trans-C-18:1 fatty acids in milk, and concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in serum when switched from the control diet to the 80% concentrate diet. Lack of an increase in concentrations of glucose and insulin in serum of cows with the greatest decline in percentage of milk fat casts doubt on the ability of the glucogenic theory to explain milk fat depression completely. However, higher concentration of transC(18:1) fatty acids in milk fat for responders than for nonresponders provides correlative support for the theory that trans-C-18:1 fatty acids may contribute to milk fat depression. The greater increases in concentrations of thyroid hormones in serum for responders than for nonresponders introduces an additional endocrinological factor that may influence secretion of fat in milk when diets contain high percentages of concentrate. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NUTR CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GAYNOR, PJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 30 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 9 BP 2008 EP 2015 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TA534 UT WOS:A1995TA53400014 PM 8550910 ER PT J AU BERNARD, JK QUIGLEY, JD DOWLEN, HH LAMAR, KC AF BERNARD, JK QUIGLEY, JD DOWLEN, HH LAMAR, KC TI SUPPLEMENTAL NIACIN AND HEAT-TREATED WHOLE SOYBEANS FOR JERSEY COWS DURING EARLY LACTATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOYBEANS; NIACIN; MILK PRODUCTION; MILK COMPOSITION ID MILK-PRODUCTION; DAIRY-COWS; FAT; COTTONSEED; PROTEIN; CATTLE; RUMEN; RAW AB Fifty-six multiparous Jersey cows were used in a replicated trial to investigate the effect of supplemental niacin and heat-treated whole soybeans on milk production and composition. Dietary treatments included 0 or 6 g/d of supplemental niacin beginning 21 d prior to expected parturition and raw or heat-treated whole soybeans fed at 10% of the dietary DM beginning immediately after parturition. Data were collected for 18 wk following a 2-wk postpartum period during which cows were adjusted to experimental diets and allowed to recover from parturition. Based on index values for protein dispersibility, heat-treated soybeans were marginally heated in yr 1 (12.1) and underheated in yr 2 (17.9). Intake of DM from corn silage plus concentrate, alfalfa hay, or soybeans averaged 15.5, 1.5, and 1.7 kg/d, respectively, and was not different because of niacin supplementation or form of soybean. Percentage of milk fat was highest when raw soybeans plus niacin were fed and lowest for heat-treated soybeans plus niacin. No difference was observed in milk production, milk percentage, or milk protein, lactose, and SNF. No advantage was observed from less than optimally heated whole soybeans or supplemental niacin in diets for Jersey cows during early lactation. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANIM SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. UNIV TENNESSEE,USDA,AGR EXPT STN,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. RP BERNARD, JK (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANIM SCI,605 AIRWAYS BLVD,JACKSON,TN 38301, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD SEP PY 1995 VL 78 IS 9 BP 2016 EP 2023 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TA534 UT WOS:A1995TA53400015 PM 8550911 ER PT J AU FEATHER, P HELLERSTEIN, D TOMASI, T AF FEATHER, P HELLERSTEIN, D TOMASI, T TI A DISCRETE-COUNT MODEL OF RECREATIONAL DEMAND SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB Discrete choice models generate welfare measures resulting from environmental quality changes on a per trip basis instead of over a longer, more policy-relevant time period. Seasonal or annual welfare measures resulting from a quality change are often computed by multiplying each individual's per trip welfare measure by the number of trips the individual is forecasted to take at the new quality level. These models are typically formulated so that increases in the quality of any site causes every individual to increase his or her participation. This paper presents an alternative method of linking the discrete choice model to a demand model, enabling welfare changes to be estimated in a conventional manner. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP FEATHER, P (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,ROOM 538A,1301 NEW YORK AVE,NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. OI Hellerstein, Daniel/0000-0003-0933-8676 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 214 EP 227 DI 10.1006/jeem.1995.1042 PG 14 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RU185 UT WOS:A1995RU18500007 ER PT J AU LOWRANCE, R VELLIDIS, G HUBBARD, RK AF LOWRANCE, R VELLIDIS, G HUBBARD, RK TI DENITRIFICATION IN A RESTORED RIPARIAN FOREST WETLAND SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; NITROUS-OXIDE; SOILS; DYNAMICS; MOVEMENT; UPLAND; STRIPS; GRASS AB Groundwater nitrate moving from upland areas toward streams can be removed by denitrification in mature riparian forests, but denitrification in restored riparian forests has not been quantified. We determined denitrification rates in a restored riparian wetland below a liquid manure application site. A riparian forest buffer consisting of hardwoods along the stream and pines above the hardwoods was established according to USDA specifications. Denitrification was measured monthly using the acetylene inhibition technique on intact soil cores for 2 mo before manure application began and for 24 mo after manure application. Groundwater movement of NO3--N and total Kjeldahl N were estimated biweekly. Average annual denitrification rate was 68 kg N2O-N ha(-1)yr(-1). Denitrification was significantly higher in a grassed area than in either of the forested areas. Denitrification did not differ significantly between the hardwood and pine areas. Denitrification was greater than a conservative estimate of groundwater input of total N. Denitrification rates were higher in April and May 1992 and 1993, after manure application to the upland began, compared with April and May 1991, before manure application began. These results indicate that a riparian wetland, which has not undergone hydrologic modifications, can have denitrification rates comparable to mature riparian forests. Higher denitrification rates in an adjacent grassed wetland and lack of differences in denitrification in hardwood and pine zones indicates that the high denitrification rates were due to factors other than the reforestation itself. Compared with groundwater inputs of N, denitrification was an important sink for N moving from the upland management system. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP LOWRANCE, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 39 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 24 IS 5 BP 808 EP 815 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RV384 UT WOS:A1995RV38400002 ER PT J AU SCHNABEL, RR STOUT, WL SHAFFER, JA AF SCHNABEL, RR STOUT, WL SHAFFER, JA TI UPTAKE OF A HYDROLOGIC TRACER (BROMIDE) BY RYEGRASS FROM WELL AND POORLY-DRAINED SOILS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; MOVEMENT AB Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accumulated an average 32% of applied bromide (Br-) in aboveground biomass. Bromide uptake was greater on a well-drained soil (38%) than a poorly drained soil (27%). Uptake was also affected by an interaction between season and N fertility. Bromide concentration of ryegrass was affected by interactions between soil drainage and season, and between soil drainage and N fertility. The magnitude of uptake shows Br- to be quite biologically reactive in the soil root zone. The impact of interactions between common experimental variables on Br- uptake makes it difficult to select settings where Br- uptake will be low. Consequently, the amount and pattern of uptake among common experimental variables greatly restricts the settings in which Br- is an appropriate hydrologic tracer. RP SCHNABEL, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 24 IS 5 BP 888 EP 892 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RV384 UT WOS:A1995RV38400013 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN AF SHARPLEY, AN TI DEPENDENCE OF RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS ON EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OKLAHOMA; PAPER AB The sustainable management of fertilizer and manure P to minimize freshwater eutrophication requires identification of soil P levels that exceed crop P requirements and have the potential for P enrichment of runoff. Although several states have established such P levels, insufficient data are available to theoretically justify them. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between the concentrations of P in runoff and in soil. Surface samples (0-10 cm) of 10 oklahoma soils were packed in 0.15 m(2) boxes, incubated for 7 d with poultry litter (0-20 Mg ha(-1)) to obtain a range in Mehlich-3 P contents (7-360 mg kg(-1)), and received five 30-min rainfalls applied at 1-d intervals. The concentration of dissolved, bioavailable, and particulate P in runoff was related (r(2) > 0.90; P < 0.1) to the Mehlich-3 P content of surface soil (0-1 cm), with regression slopes ranging from 2.0 to 7.2, increasing as soil P sorption maxima increased (r(2) = 0.93). Two soils of 200 mg kg(-1) Mehlich-3 P supported a dissolved P concentration in runoff of 280 mu g L(-1) (San Saba clay; fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellustert) and 1360 mu g L(-1) (Stigler silt loam; fine, mixed, thermic Aquic Paleudalf). Thus, relationships between runoff and soil P will have to be soil specific for use in management recommendations. A single linear relationship described the dependence of dissolved (r(2) = 0.86) and bioavailable P (r(2) = 0.85) on soil P sorption saturation. The added complexity of the P saturation approach may limit its application; however, the approach integrates the effect of soil type with soil P content to better estimate the potential for P loss in runoff than soil P alone. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 29 TC 336 Z9 364 U1 8 U2 43 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 24 IS 5 BP 920 EP 926 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RV384 UT WOS:A1995RV38400018 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, A AF SHARPLEY, A TI IDENTIFYING SITES VULNERABLE TO PHOSPHORUS LOSS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PLAINS; QUALITY; SEDIMENT; EROSION; CULTURE AB The continual application of more phosphorus (P) in fertilizer and manure to agricultural systems than removed in harvested crops can lead to surface soil accumulation of P. As a result, soil P has become of environmental rather than agronomic concern in areas of intensive crop and livestock production where P enrichment of runoff can promote eutrophication. To target cost-effective remedial measures, sites vulnerable to P loss in runoff must be identified. Site identification by traditional field trials and computer simulations can be time consuming, costly, and data intensive. The Lemunyon and Gilbert field index was used to rank the vulnerability for P loss from 30 unfertilized and P-fertilized, grassed, and cropped watersheds in the Southern Plains. Watershed vulnerability to P loss in runoff was closely related (r(2) = 0.70**) to actual losses measured over the last 16 yr (0.1-5 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1)). Vulnerability to P loss decreased in the order: conventionally tilled wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); no-till wheat; native grass; and set-aside grass. Also, erosive gully remediation by shaping, sprigging with Midland bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] reduced vulnerability from medium to low. The P index is a valuable tool to identify P sources within a watershed that will require more intensive management to minimize P loss in runoff while maintaining crop productivity. RP SHARPLEY, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 17 TC 113 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 24 IS 5 BP 947 EP 951 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RV384 UT WOS:A1995RV38400022 ER PT J AU PASQUARELL, GC BOYER, DG AF PASQUARELL, GC BOYER, DG TI AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON BACTERIAL WATER-QUALITY IN KARST GROUNDWATER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS; SURVIVAL; DISEASE AB A 2-yr study (1991-1992) was conducted in a karst region in southeast West Virginia to determine the impact of agriculture on groundwater quality, The primary agriculture is characterized by seasonal cattle grazing. Fecal coliform densities were measured weekly in the resurgences of three karst basins possessing different degrees of agricultural intensity (79, 51, and 16% land use in agriculture). Fecal coliforms were also measured in a creek at sites upstream and downstream of the known resurgences from the most agriculturally intensive (79%) basin, The fecal coliform densities in the resurgences peaked in the summer and declined in the fall, with a recovery in late winter before the introduction of new cattle. The timing of the recovery indicated that significant storage of fecal material had taken place, which was transported to the groundwater when soil water conditions permitted. For most of each year, soil water effects appeared to have a greater bearing on the fecal coliform densities than did the presence or absence of cattle, The data did not generally support a strong relationship with percent land use in agriculture, This was attributed to the high variability in the data and to low soil moisture during periods of recession that inhibited the transport of fecal material to the groundwater, The karst resurgence springs of the most intensively agricultural basin were contaminated with fecal bacteria. Fecal bacteria concentrations were observed to significantly increase, in the receiving surface stream, from a point upstream of the resurgence springs to a point downstream of the resurgence springs. C1 USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 24 IS 5 BP 959 EP 969 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RV384 UT WOS:A1995RV38400024 ER PT J AU YATES, SR ERNST, FF GAN, J SPENCER, WF AF YATES, SR ERNST, FF GAN, J SPENCER, WF TI SAMPLING MAST FOR MEASURING VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN THE NEAR-SURFACE ATMOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Note ID MEASURING PESTICIDE EVAPORATION; FIELD; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION AB Accurate measurement of the atmospheric concentration of volatile organic compounds is essential when estimating the emission rate from the soil surface or in studies relating to worker exposure to volatile compounds. For estimating the surface flux, many methods are available which, in general, require profiles of the concentration during the experimental period. For example, the aerodynamic and the integrated horizontal flux methods require precise determination of the atmospheric concentration so that either the concentration gradients or the concentration profiles can be obtained. The accuracy of this information has a direct effect on the accuracy of the flux measurements. The proposed air sampling device provides a suitable method for measuring the atmospheric concentration of volatile compounds. Two designs are illustrated along with a description of their construction and operation. Their use is illustrated with concentration profiles observed in the field. RP YATES, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDES RES UNIT,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1027 EP 1033 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RV384 UT WOS:A1995RV38400033 ER PT J AU LANGE, CE MACVEAN, CM HENRY, JE STREETT, DA AF LANGE, CE MACVEAN, CM HENRY, JE STREETT, DA TI HETEROVESICULA-COWANI N-G, N-SP (HETEROVESICULIDAE N FAM), A MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE OF MORMON CRICKETS, ANABRUS-SIMPLEX HALDEMAN, 1852 (ORTHOPTERA, TETTIGONIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIMORPHISM; INTERFACIAL ENVELOPE; NOSEMA; POLYMORPHISM; VAIRIMORPHA ID NOSEMA-LOCUSTAE; ACRIDIDAE AB Heterovesicula cowani, n. g., n. sp., is a dimorphic microsporidium described from the adipose tissue of the Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex Haldeman. Proliferation of the microsporidium is by karyokinesis of uninucleate and binucleate cells to form binucleate and tetranucleate cells, respectively. These cells will undergo binary fission (merogony), Ultimately, the meronts undergo karyokinesis without subsequent cytokinesis producing spherical multinucleate plasmodia that are transitional to 2 types of sporogony. Transitional to disporoblastic sporogony, a fragile interfacial envelope delaminates from the plasmodium with morphogenesis to a monfiliform plasmodium consisting of fusiform binucleate diplokaryotic sporonts. These undergo karyokinesis to form tetranucleate diplokaryotic sporonts that undergo cytokinesis during disintegration of the plasmodium into isolated binucleate sporonts. Transitional to octosporoblastic sporogony, multinucleate plasmodia disintegrate into short monofiliform plasmodia of diplokaryotic sporonts which then segregate while undergoing gradual nuclear dissociation (haplosis by nuclear dissociation). These undergo two sequences of karyokinesis and subsequent multiple fission to form eight uninucleate (haploid) sporoblasts in a fusiform arrangement within a persistent envelope. Binucleate spores are ovocylindrical, about 5.4 x 1.7 mu m (flesh), with an isofilar polar filament singly coiled about 11 turns. Uninucleate spores are ovoid to slightly pyriform, 4.0 x 1.7 mu m (fresh), with an isofilar filament singly coiled about 9 turns. A new family, Heterovesculidae, is proposed for the new genus. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,ENTOMOL RES LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV VALLE GUATEMALA,RES INST,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. UNIV NACL LA PLATA,CTR ESTUDIOS PARASITOL & VECTORES,CIC,RA-1900 LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI POTOMAC PA 12263 GREENLEAF AVE, POTOMAC, MD 20854 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 42 IS 5 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05904.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RY385 UT WOS:A1995RY38500017 ER PT J AU PORTIS, AR AF PORTIS, AR TI THE REGULATION OF RUBISCO BY RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE RUBISCO; RUBISCO ACTIVASE ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; SLOW INACTIVATION; 2-CARBOXYARABINITOL 1-PHOSPHATE; LIGHT ACTIVATION; CATALYTIC SITE; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES AB The activity of Rubisco depends on the conversion of the inactive form (E) to the active form (ECM); the binding of the inhibitors CA1P and RuBP to ECM and E, respectively; and the catalytic formation of inhibitory sugar bisphosphates from the enediol intermediate that precedes carboxylation/oxygenation. The regulatory protein, Rubisco activase, modulates the activity of Rubisco by kinetically increasing the dissociation rate of these sugar bisphosphates from their respective enzyme forms in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. The activity of Rubisco activase is determined by the ATP:ADP ratio, The activity also appears to be influenced by thylakoid membranes in a light-dependent manner, but only a few details of this effect are currently understood, A species dependence in the interaction between heterologous Rubisco and Rubisco activase proteins has been observed, Whether the regulation of Rubisco is a constraint to crop productivity is debatable and will only be decided by detailed study of plants transformed with appropriately modified Rubisco activase and/or Rubisco proteins. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP PORTIS, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 36 TC 88 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 46 SI SI BP 1285 EP 1291 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TD357 UT WOS:A1995TD35700007 ER PT J AU PALUMBO, MS BEERS, SM BHADURI, S PALUMBO, SA AF PALUMBO, MS BEERS, SM BHADURI, S PALUMBO, SA TI THERMAL-RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA SPP AND LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN LIQUID EGG-YOLK AND EGG-YOLK PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE EGG YOLK; HEAT RESISTANCE; PATHOGENS; SALMONELLA; L-MONOCYTOGENES ID HEAT-RESISTANCE; WHOLE EGG; WATER ACTIVITY; DEATH TIMES; DESTRUCTION; ENTERITIDIS; STRAINS; GROWTH AB The effectiveness of various pasteurization procedures in destroying Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis in liquid egg products was evaluated. Survivor studies were performed on individual strains of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in commercially broken raw egg yolk samples after heating at 61.1, 63.3, and 64.4 degrees C using submerged vials, and on Salmonella spp. at 60.0, 61.1, and 62.2 degrees C. Surviving bacteria were enumerated on TSA and results expressed as D-values. The influence of a(w)-lowering ingredients such as salt and sugar on thermal resistance in yolk was investigated using a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes or a mixture of Salmanella spp. (four strains of S. enteritidis, one strain each of S. senftenberg and S. typhimurium) at 61.1 degrees C to 66.7 degrees C. At 61.1 degrees C (present minimum temperature for pasteurization of plain egg yolk), a 7-log-unit reduction of Salmonella took 1.4 to 2.4 min, whereas a 7-log-unit reduction of L. monocytogenes took 4.9 to 16.1 min The D-value for L. monocytogenes at 64.4 degrees C increased from 0.44 min in plain yolk to 8.26 min after a 21.5-min lag (total time to achieve I-log-unit reduction was 30.7 min) in yolk with 10% salt and 5% sugar, and 27.3 min after a 10.5-min lag (total time 37.8 min for 1-log-unit reduction) in yolk with 20% salt. The D-value for Salmonella in egg yolk at 64.4 degrees C was <0.2 min, but when 1O% salt was added, the D-value was 6.4 min. A(w)-lowering solutes in liquid egg yolk increased the thermal resistance of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes. C1 DELAWARE VALLEY COLL,DOYLESTOWN,PA 18901. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 27 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 58 IS 9 BP 960 EP 966 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RW381 UT WOS:A1995RW38100004 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS GAST, RK GREENE, CR AF HOLT, PS GAST, RK GREENE, CR TI RAPID DETECTION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN POOLED LIQUID EGG SAMPLES USING A MAGNETIC BEAD-ELISA SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; EGG CULTURE; ELISA; FOOD POISONING; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION ID INFECTED HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; ANTIBODY AB An assay was developed to shorten the time necessary to detect Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in contaminated egg pools. The immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-based assay used the DynabeadsTM Anti-Salmonella, a magnetic bead with mouse anti-Salmonella antibodies affixed to the surface, to bind the SE in the egg pools. The bound SE were concentrated by a magnet and were detected via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (IMS-ELISA) employing a monoclonal anti-SE flagellar proteins (flagellins) antibody. Following the ELISA, the beads were plated onto differential media (IMS-direct). The efficacy of the assay for detecting SE was compared with that of the standard assay, direct plating, in pooled egg samples spiked with low concentrations of SE and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 to 96 h. Conventional direct plating of egg samples required a total of 48 h before SE could be identified in egg pools, compared with 24 h for the IMS-ELISA. Plating of the beads (IMS-direct) to confirm the presence of SE required a further 24 h. The IMS-ELISA could detect SE at concentrations of 10(5) to 10(6) SE cells per ml, comparable to that shown previously for direct plating. The IMS-direct could detect SE at 10(4) SE cells per mi of egg pool. In egg pools initially contaminated with 10 SE cells per mi, the organism grew to levels by 24 h at 37 degrees C where 100% of the pools were positive for SE by all three detection methods. In egg pools initially contaminated with 1 SE cell per ml, 61% of pools were detected by direct plating and IMS-ELISA and 72% were detected by IMS-direct. Similar detection frequencies were observed for a second SE isolate. The IMS-ELISA provides an SE detection rate comparable to direct plating but achieves the result 24 h sooner. The IMS-direct was the most sensitive means of detecting the SE. RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 58 IS 9 BP 967 EP 972 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RW381 UT WOS:A1995RW38100005 ER PT J AU CUTTER, CN SIRAGUSA, GR AF CUTTER, CN SIRAGUSA, GR TI POPULATION REDUCTIONS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE PATHOGENS FOLLOWING TREATMENTS WITH NISIN AND CHELATORS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE ESCHERICHIA COLI O157, H7; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; NISIN; CHELATORS ID CHAIN ORGANIC-ACIDS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA; BACTERIA; INACTIVATION AB When used in combination with chelating agents (EDTA, EGTA, citrate, phosphate), the bacteriocin nisin is effective for reducing populations of gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This study examined parameters (buffers, temperature presence of divalent cations) that affect nisin inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. Approximately 7 log(10) colony-forming units (CFU) per ml of E. coli and S. typhimurium were treated in PBS or MOPS buffers containing 50 mu g/ml of purified nisin, alone or in combination with 500 mM lactate, 100 mM citrate, 50 mM EDTA, and 1% (wt/vol) sodium hexametaphosphate (pH 7.0) at 37 degrees C for 60 min or 5 degrees C for 30 min. Surviving bacterial populations were compared to untreated controls (buffers without nisin). Data indicated that treatments with nisin in buffers resulted in reductions of 4.30 and 2.30 log(10) CPU/ml of E. coli and S. typhimurium, respectively, as compared to untreated controls. Population reductions ranging from 2.29 to 5.49 log(10) CPU/ml were observed when cells were treated with nisin and chelator combinations at either 37 degrees C for 60 min or 5 degrees C for 30 min. The addition of magnesium and calcium to buffers with nisin decreased inhibition. Data obtained from spectrophotometric experiments indicated that treatments were causing the release of cellular constituents. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were inconclusive, since cellular membranes did not appear to be disrupted. RP CUTTER, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, POB 166, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. NR 17 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 58 IS 9 BP 977 EP 983 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RW381 UT WOS:A1995RW38100007 ER PT J AU CUTTER, CN SIRAGUSA, GR AF CUTTER, CN SIRAGUSA, GR TI TREATMENTS WITH NISIN AND CHELATORS TO REDUCE SALMONELLA AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI ON BEEF SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note DE ESCHERICHIA COLI O157, H7; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; NISIN; CHELATORS; BEEF ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; INACTIVATION AB Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 or Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached to lean beef tissue were treated with citrate, lactate, sodium hexametaphosphate, or EDTA, alone or in combination with nisin in simple buffers, and incubated at 4 degrees C for up to 3 days. Lactate with nisin reduced S. typhimurium attached to beef by 0 40 log(10) CFU/cm(2), while EDTA and nisin reduced E. coli O157:H7 by 0.42 log(10) CFU/cm(2). Unlike earlier in vitro studies in which treatments with nisin and chelating agents resulted in reductions of > 4 log(10) CFU/cm(2), such reductions were not observed in situ. RP CUTTER, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1028 EP 1030 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RW381 UT WOS:A1995RW38100016 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW AF THAYER, DW TI USE OF IRRADIATION TO KILL ENTERIC PATHOGENS ON MEAT AND POULTRY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US/Ireland Conference on HACCP, an Integrated Approach to Assuring the Microbiological Safety of Meat and Poultry CY MAR 23-25, 1994 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND ID DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; IONIZING-RADIATION; RAW MEAT; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; GROWTH; ATMOSPHERE AB Ionizing radiation can be an effective step in a HACCP program to kill enteric pathogens associated with meat and poultry products. The populations of most common enteric pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Aeromonas hydrophila can be significantly decreased or eliminated by low-dose (< 3.0 kGy) treatments with ionizing radiation. Only the enteric viruses and the endospores of the genera Clostridium and Bacillus are highly resistant to ionizing radiation, and even these are affected to some degree. Temperature effects must be carefully considered, as reduced irradiation temperatures not only result in fewer adverse changes in the sensorial properties of meat and poultry products, but they also may demand that greater radiation doses be used to inactivate the foodborne pathogen. Equations have been developed that predict the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation treatments on several enteric pathogens associated with meat and poultry. In some cases substrate-specific differences in radiation resistance have been found. Irradiation in combination with vacuum packaging or modified-atmosphere packaging has increased both safety and shelf-life for some types of refrigerated products. High-dose irradiation treatments of enzyme-inactivated meat or poultry products in vacuo at subfreezing temperatures can be used to prepare sterile, shelf-stable products with excellent sensorial properties. Such products have been used extensively by military organizations, NASA during space flights, yachtsman, and hospitals. Contemporary research will be reviewed. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0149-6085 EI 1745-4565 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1995.tb00132.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TA845 UT WOS:A1995TA84500009 ER PT J AU BREWER, RL JAMES, WO PRUCHA, JC JOHNSTON, RW ALVAREZ, CA KELLY, W BERGERON, EA AF BREWER, RL JAMES, WO PRUCHA, JC JOHNSTON, RW ALVAREZ, CA KELLY, W BERGERON, EA TI POULTRY-PROCESSING LINE SPEEDS AS RELATED TO BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BROILER CARCASSES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POULTRY; LINE SPEED; MICROBIOLOGY; SALMONELLA; BROILER CARCASSES ID RAW CHICKEN CARCASSES AB Aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli counts; and Salmonella prevalence were determined on broiler carcasses obtained in a commercial slaughter establishment in Puerto Rico. Samples were obtained from three sites in the production process. Each site represented an end-point of a discrete segment of the slaughter process. Whole bird carcass rinses (300) were randomly collected over 4 days of production for several linespeeds. Samples were collected for birds processed at 70 birds/min (BPM), 80 BPM, 90 BPM, and three replications of samples at 100 BPM (June 1990 to May 1991). A total of 1,800 carcass rinses were analyzed. Mean bacterial counts and Salmonella prevalence did not change significantly with processing line speeds. C1 EMPRESAS PICU,COAMO,PR 00769. RP BREWER, RL (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1022 EP 1024 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06284.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RX544 UT WOS:A1995RX54400032 ER PT J AU KIM, YS WIESENBORN, DP ORR, PH GRANT, LA AF KIM, YS WIESENBORN, DP ORR, PH GRANT, LA TI SCREENING POTATO STARCH FOR NOVEL PROPERTIES USING DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POTATO; STARCH; GENOTYPES; TRANSITION TEMPERATURES; GELATINIZATION ENTHALPY ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; RESISTANT POTATOES; CORN STARCH; GELATINIZATION; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; BEHAVIOR; CASSAVA AB THERMAL and other physicochemical properties of starch from 42 potato genotypes were studied to find those with unique properties for food use, and to analyze relationships between thermal and other physicochemical properties. Onset and peak transition temperatures and gelatinization enthalpy intercorrelated. Transition temperatures intercorrelated with pasting temperature using a Brabender Visco-amylograph. Gelatinization enthalpy correlated with Brabender pasting temperature and peak paste viscosity, and onset temperature correlated with phosphorus content. Genotype E55-35 with highest onset and peak transition temperatures also had highest phosphorus and peak Brabender viscosity. DSC might be useful for rapidly screening samples of <1g starch for such. Potato starch DSC characteristics did not correlate with amylose, intrinsic viscosity, or water-binding. For 10 genotypes from successive years, correlations were observed for pasting temperature (r = 0.83), phosphorus content (r = 0.80), and stability ratio (r = 0.66). Direct comparison between samples from consecutive years showed good reproducibility for amylose, but not for phosphorus or pasting. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN & CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58102. USDA ARS,POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HARD RES SPRING & DURUM WHEAT QUAL LAB,FARGO,ND. RP KIM, YS (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 40 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 24 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1060 EP 1065 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06292.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RX544 UT WOS:A1995RX54400040 ER PT J AU KNUCKLES, BE CHIU, MCM AF KNUCKLES, BE CHIU, MCM TI BETA-GLUCAN ENRICHMENT OF BARLEY FRACTIONS BY AIR CLASSIFICATION AND SIEVING SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; BETA GLUCAN; ENRICHMENT; AIR CLASSIFICATION; DRY MILLING ID DIETARY FIBER CONTENT; OAT BRAN; LIPID-METABOLISM; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; WHOLE BARLEY; RICE BRAN; PRODUCTS; MEN; (1->3)(1->4)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; DIABETICS AB Barley (Steptoe, Crystal and/or Waxbar) was dry milled and fractionated by small scale air classifiers and batch or continuous feed sifters to produce beta-glucan-rich fractions. Sieving of barley (all cultivars) yielded fines fractions containing 88-90% starch and a final coarse enriched fraction containing 40-45% total dietary fiber including 16-19% beta-glucans and up to 82 mu g/g total tocols. The enriched fraction was 20-25% (by wt) of the dehulled barley. The highest beta-glucan content by air classification was 9% due to ineffective separation of fines (particles <45 mu m). Dry fractionation of barley produced a value added enriched product enhanced in factors (ie. tocols, dietary fiber, beta-glucans) which slow oxidation, lower cholesterol, moderate glycemic response and which provide unique functional properties in food systems. RP KNUCKLES, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1070 EP 1074 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06294.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RX544 UT WOS:A1995RX54400042 ER PT J AU MCGARVEY, P TOUSIGNANT, M GELETKA, L CELLINI, F KAPER, JM AF MCGARVEY, P TOUSIGNANT, M GELETKA, L CELLINI, F KAPER, JM TI THE COMPLETE SEQUENCE OF A CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS FROM IXORA THAT IS DEFICIENT IN THE REPLICATION OF SATELLITE RNAS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOMATO ASPERMY VIRUS; PEANUT STUNT CUCUMOVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; PLANT-VIRUSES; CMV STRAINS; VIRAL RNAS; HELPER VIRUS; INVITRO; POLYMERASE AB A cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Ix) from Ixora is unusual in that it does not support the accumulation of some well-characterized CMV satellite RNAs in plants. CMV-Ix can support a particular satellite RNA variant which causes lethal tomato necrosis when inoculated with other CMV strains but not when inoculated with CMV-Ix. This difference in ability to support accumulation of specific satellite variants is apparent even when their sequences differ by only 10 nucleotides. Electroporation of tomato protoplasts with combinations of CMV-Ix or CMV-1 RNA plus the same satellite variants showed similar differences in accumulation, indicating a defect in satellite RNA replication and not movement or encapsidation. Pseudorecombinant virus infections between CMV-1 and CMV-Ix indicated that the genomic determinants responsible for this phenotype reside on RNA 1 since only combinations with CMV-Ix RNA 1 failed to replicate satellite RNA. The complete genome of CMV-Ix was cloned, sequenced and compared with the genomes of other cucumoviruses. CMV-Ix is most similar in RNA and protein sequence to subgroup 1 CMV-Fny and CMV-Y but slightly less similar than they are to each other. CMV-Ix and all cucumovirus strains sequenced thus far share a domain in the 3' untranslated portion of their genomic RNAs in which 39 of 40 bases are completely conserved. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. METAPONTUM AGROBIOS,I-75010 METAPONTO,ITALY. RP MCGARVEY, P (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,BIOTECHNOL FDN LABS,1020 LOCUST ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 76 BP 2257 EP 2270 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-9-2257 PN 9 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA RT166 UT WOS:A1995RT16600016 PM 7561763 ER PT J AU SHUKLE, RH RUSSELL, VW AF SHUKLE, RH RUSSELL, VW TI MARINER TRANSPOSASE-LIKE SEQUENCES FROM THE HESSIAN FLY, MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; ELEMENT MARINER; DROSOPHILA; TRANSFORMATION; RESISTANCE; GENOME AB Transposable genetic elements are assumed to be a feature of all eukaryotic genomes, They can serve as vectors in gene transfer systems and as mutagenic agents for isolation of genes. Until recently their identification has been primarily limited to organisms subjected to extensive genetic or molecular study. The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is an agriculturally important pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in the United States and other parts of the world. We assessed the presence of mariner transposase-like sequences in M. destructor by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay designed to detect conserved regions of the mariner transposase gene. DNA sequence analysis of PCR products revealed sequences with similarities to putative mariner transposase gene subfamilies from Drosophila mauritiana and horn fly, Haematobia irritans. DNA gel blot analyses indicated sequences hybridizing to the mariner transposase-like PCR clones occur at a moderate to low copy number in M. destructor. Results suggest the presence of an endogenous mobile-element system in M. destructor, which might be developed into a gene transfer system or serve in mapping genes. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN. RP SHUKLE, RH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 86 IS 5 BP 364 EP 368 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RW533 UT WOS:A1995RW53300006 PM 7560872 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR LEWIS, TM AF HORTON, DR LEWIS, TM TI INTERPLANT MOVEMENT BY PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) - EFFECTS OF SEX-RATIO AND REPRODUCTIVE STATUS SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE CACOPSYLLA; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; DIAPAUSE; REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY AB Sticky trap catch of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, is male biased during the reproductive generations, but nob the diapausing generation. In cage studies, we monitored movement by male and female pear psylla between host plants, and tested whether reproductive and diapausing psylla exhibit similar rates of movement. We also experimentally varied sex ratio to determine whether sex ratio affected movement. Male-biased sex ratios prompted increased movement off of the original host by male psylla of the reproductive generations; no such effect was noted for diapausing insects. We interpret these results to indicate that male movements increased under male-biased conditions due to mate-searching activities. There was also evidence in two experiments that severely male-biased sex ratios prompted movement off of the original host plant by reproductive females; this effect may have been due to harassment of ovipositing females by males. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 687 EP 700 DI 10.1007/BF01997238 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RV590 UT WOS:A1995RV59000008 ER PT J AU MCINTOSH, AH GRASELA, JJ GOODMAN, CL AF MCINTOSH, AH GRASELA, JJ GOODMAN, CL TI REPLICATION OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS IN HOMOLOGOUS CELL-LINES GROWN IN SERUM-FREE MEDIA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT PROTEIN-PRODUCTION; INSECT CELLS; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; CULTURE; HELIOTHIS; REPLACEMENTS AB A parental cell line, BCIRL-HZ-AM1 (HZAM1) derived from Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) pupae and one of its clones BCIRL-HZ-AM1-B3 (HZ1B3), were grown as attached cells in two commercial insect serum-free media, EX-CELL 400 and SF-900, and one modified vertebrate serum-free medium, MCM1. A serum-containing medium, TC199-MK, in which the cell lines were normally propagated, was used as control. Cell doubling times for HZAM1 in EX-CELL 400, SF-900, and TC199-MK, were 27, 28, and 30 hr, respectively; in contrast, there was negligible growth in MCM1. The shortest cell doubling time for HZ1B3 in serum-free medium was 25 hr, as observed in EX-CELL 400. Other cell doubling times were: 35 hr in TC199-MK, 38 hr in MCM1, and 45 hr in SF-900. Total extracellular virus production of H. zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV)-infected HZAM1 cells was similar in all media (3.0-6.3 x 10(5) PFU/ml). Extracellular virus titers for HZ1B3 in EX-CELL 400 and SF-900 were similar (3-4 x 10(5) PFU/ml) but less than those produced in HZAM1. For HZ1B3, the lowest extracellular virus titer was recorded in MCM1 (0.8 x 10(5) PFU/ml) and the highest in TC199-MK (12 x 10(5) PFU/ml), Production of HzSNPV occlusion bodies (OB) by HZAM1 cells differed slightly between the media (2.9-6.2 x 10(7) OB/ml). For HZ1B3 cells, OB production was similar in TC199-MK, EX-CELL 400, and SF-900 (3.6-6.0 x 10(7) OB/ml), but considerably lower in MCM1 (1.0 x 10(7) OB/ml), Occlusion bodies from both infected cell lines grown in serum-free media and in TC199-MK were equally infectious for H. zea larvae. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP MCINTOSH, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,1503 S PROVIDENCE,RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65203, USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 66 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1006/jipa.1995.1073 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RW507 UT WOS:A1995RW50700004 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C ZUIDEMA, D VLAK, JM AF IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C ZUIDEMA, D VLAK, JM TI RELATIVE IN-VIVO ACTIVITY AND SIMULATED SUNLIGHT-UV STABILITY OF INCLUSION-BODIES OF A WILD-TYPE AND AN ENGINEERED POLYHEDRAL ENVELOPE-NEGATIVE ISOLATE OF THE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUSES; AUTOGRAPHA CALIFORNICA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; POLYHEDRAL ENVELOPE; TRICHOPLUSIA NI; SUNLIGHT ULTRAVIOLET STABILITY ID PROTEIN C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT VIROL,6709 PD WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,1503 S PROVIDENCE,COLUMBIA,MO 65203, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 66 IS 2 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.1006/jipa.1995.1090 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RW507 UT WOS:A1995RW50700021 ER PT J AU KUNZ, SE ESTRADA, MO SANCHEZ, HF AF KUNZ, SE ESTRADA, MO SANCHEZ, HF TI STATUS OF HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN NORTHEASTERN MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE SUSCEPTIBILITY; MEXICO ID HORN FLIES DIPTERA AB Horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), populations in northeastern Mexico were surveyed for resistance to fenvalerate and coumaphos. Compared with a susceptible strain of horn flies, resistance levels among field populations for the pyrethroid, fenvalerate, ranged from 36 to 199 times at the LD(50) level, indicating that horn fly control with pyrethroids would be unsatisfactory. Resistance to the organophosphate compound, coumaphos, was less evident, with flies at only 1 of 5 locations shelving levels of tolerance that might interfere with adequate control. RP KUNZ, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 32 IS 5 BP 726 EP 729 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA RT608 UT WOS:A1995RT60800020 PM 7473628 ER PT J AU SCHMERR, MJ GOODWIN, KR CUTLIP, RC JENNY, AL AF SCHMERR, MJ GOODWIN, KR CUTLIP, RC JENNY, AL TI A COMPETITION ASSAY TO DETECT SCRAPIE PRION PROTEIN BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography and Electrophoresis CY MAY, 1995 CL WINTERGREEN, VA DE PRION PROTEIN; IMMUNOCOMPLEXES; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; COLUMN; SHEEP AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of animals and humans are infectious diseases that cause progressive degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. These diseases are caused by an accumulation in the lysosymes of a modified normal cellular protein. This protein is modified by a post translational modification which truncates a host cellular protein at the N-terminus causing a conformational change in the protein. After modification, this protein becomes resistant to proteases and aggregates into rod-shaped fibrils in the brains of infected animals. When these aggregates are subjected to SDS-PAGE in the presence of 2-beta-mercaptoethanol, a monomeric form (prion protein) is observed with a molecular mass of ca. 27 kdaltons. Capillary electrophoresis was used to detect immunocomplex formation of the prion protein with an antiserum produced to a peptide of the prion protein. The synthesized peptide was labeled with fluorescein iodoacetamide at the free sulfhydryl group of cysteine that was added to N-terminus of the peptide. When the fluorescein labeled peptide was incubated with increasing concentrations of the rabbit antibody, a new peak that was proportional to the amount of antiserum in the reaction mixture with a concurrent reduction in the labeled peptide peaks was observed. Incubation overnight at 4 degrees C enhanced immunocomplex formation. Competition of unlabeled peptide and of brain samples prepared from sheep for the fluorescein labeled peptide was carried out using a concentration of rabbit antibody that produced ca. 50% of the maximum amount of immunocomplex formation. Unlabeled peptide and brain samples prepared from scrapie infected sheep brain but not from normal sheep reduced immunocomplex formation. This reduction was dependent on the concentration of the peptide and the amount of scrapie infected brain sample. By using competition for labeled peptide instead of using direct binding of the antiserum to the prion protein as in a previous study, we increased the sensitivity of detection of the scrapie prion protein. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USDA,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP SCHMERR, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1002/mcs.1220070513 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TF385 UT WOS:A1995TF38500012 ER PT J AU WOODLEY, NE JANZEN, DH AF WOODLEY, NE JANZEN, DH TI A NEW SPECIES OF MELANAGROMYZA (DIPTERA, AGROMYZIDAE) MINING LEAVES OF BROMELIA PINGUIN (BROMELIACEAE) IN A DRY FOREST IN COSTA-RICA SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE MELANAGROMYZA; TROPICAL; COSTA RICA; AGROMYZIDAE; BROMELIA; BIONOMICS; LEAF MINER; DRY FOREST AB Melanagromyza resales, sp. nov., from Costa Pica is described and its natural history is summarized. Larvae are miners in leaves of Bromelia pinguin, a large terrestrial rosette plant. They form conspicuous longitudinal mines that may be over Im long. Adult emergence is virtually simultaneous for all individuals, probably triggered by temperature cues. Populations are low for many generations with brief periods of abundance. C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP WOODLEY, NE (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1329 EP 1337 DI 10.1080/00222939500770551 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RW522 UT WOS:A1995RW52200010 ER PT J AU GIBSON, DM MOREAU, RA MCNEIL, GP BRODIE, BB AF GIBSON, DM MOREAU, RA MCNEIL, GP BRODIE, BB TI LIPID-COMPOSITION OF CYST STAGES OF GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLOBODERA ROSTOCHIENSIS; GOLDEN CYST NEMATODE; LIPID COMPOSITION; PHOSPHOLIPID; PHYSIOLOGY; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; FATTY ACID; EICOSENOIC ACID; ARACHIDONIC ACID; VACCENIC ACID ID NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; STEROL COMPOSITION; POTATO; JUVENILES; METABOLISM; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; INFECTIVITY; RESERVES; ACIDS; ROOTS AB Lipid compositional analysis was conducted on the white, yellow, and brown cyst stages of Globodera rostochiensis (golden cyst nematode). Triacylglycerols were the largest lipid fraction in all stages examined, ranging from 55-75% of total lipid. Ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and choline phosphoglycerides were present in high amounts in all cyst fractions, with a total phospholipid content of 20%, 14.7%, and 12.8% in the white, yellow, and brown cyst stages, respectively. Sterols, steryl esters, sphingomyelin, and cardiolipin were found in minor amounts in all three cyst stages and showed greater changes than other classes of lipids relative to cyst stage. The fatty acid compositions of the three cyst stages were similar. Eicosenoic acid (20:1) and arachidonic acid (20:4) were found in higher concentrations than other fatty acids in all cyst preparations; vaccenic acid (18:1) occurred at the third highest concentration. More than 78% of total fatty acids were unsaturated at all cyst stages, and more than 60% were of C20 or longer chain length. The lipid profile of all three cyst stages is consistent with invertebrate adaptation to low-temperature environments. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP GIBSON, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 304 EP 311 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TD635 UT WOS:A1995TD63500007 PM 19277293 ER PT J AU GOLDEN, AM BALDWIN, JG MUNDOOCAMPO, M AF GOLDEN, AM BALDWIN, JG MUNDOOCAMPO, M TI DESCRIPTION OF TYLENCHORHYNCHUS-THERMOPHILUS N-SP (NEMATODA, TYLENCHINA) FROM SALTGRASS IN DEATH-VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALIFORNIA; DEATH VALLEY; DISTICHLIS SPICATA; MORPHOLOGY; NEW SPECIES; SALTGRASS; STUNT NEMATODE; TAXONOMY; TEMPERATURE; TYLENCHORHYNCHUS EWINGI; T-MASHOODI; T-MASHOODI; T-MEXICANUS; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS AB A stunt nematode, Tylenchorhynchus thermophilus n. sp., is described and illustrated from soil collected around roots of saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) in Death Valley, California. It is distinguished from the similar species, T. ewingi, T. mexicanus, and T. mashoodi, in having a longer female body, longer tail with more annules, and larger phasmids. Physical and chemical analysis of soil from saltgrass roots showed it to consist of 71% sand and possess high salinity (salt content of 0.51%) and a pH of 9.3. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT NEMATOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP GOLDEN, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 312 EP 319 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TD635 UT WOS:A1995TD63500008 PM 19277294 ER PT J AU ORION, D WERGIN, WP CHITWOOD, DJ AF ORION, D WERGIN, WP CHITWOOD, DJ TI ROOT CORTICAL CELL SPHERICAL BODIES ASSOCIATED WITH AN INDUCED RESISTANCE REACTION IN MONOXENIC CULTURES OF MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORTICAL CELL; GLYCINE MAX; LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; NITROGEN; ROOT GALL; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SPHERICAL BODY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID KNOT NEMATODE; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was monoxenically cultured on excised roots of soybean cv. Pickett and tomato cv. Rutgers in agar media containing either 0 to 1,600 mu g/ml ammonium nitrate or 0 to 100 mu g/ml urea. Observations with scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicated that an elevated concentration of ammonium nitrate or urea inhibited giant cell formation and suppressed nematode development in the infected soybean roots. In the tomato roots, concentrations of ammonium nitrate above 400 mu g/ml or urea above 25 mu g/ml inhibited giant cell formation and nematode development. Coincident with the nitrogen concentrations that suppressed giant cell formation was the appearance of electran-dense spherical bodies in the cortical parenchyma cells of both the soybean and tomato roots. These bodies, which were 1-4 mu m in diameter, appeared to form in the cytoplasm and migrate to the cell vacuole. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR RES ORG,DEPT NEMATOL,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP ORION, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 320 EP 327 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TD635 UT WOS:A1995TD63500009 PM 19277295 ER PT J AU FRANCE, RA BRODIE, BB AF FRANCE, RA BRODIE, BB TI DIFFERENTIATION OF 2 NEW-YORK ISOLATES OF PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS BASED ON THEIR REACTION ON POTATO SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EGRESSION; LESION NEMATODE; NEMATODE; PATHOTYPES; POTATO; PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS; RESISTANCE; SOLANUM TUBEROSUM ID EARLY DYING DISEASE; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; CULTIVARS AB The behavior of two isolates of Pratylenchus penetrans on six potato clones was assessed to test the hypothesis that these nematode isolates from New York were different. Four potato cultivars (Superior, Russet Burbank, Butte, and Hudson) and two breeding lines (NY85 and L118-2) were inoculated with nematode isolates designated Cornell (CR) and Long Island (LI). Population increase and egression of nematodes from roots were used to distinguish resistance and susceptibility of the potato clones. Based on numbers of eggs, juveniles, and adults in their roots 30 days after inoculation, potato clones Butte, Hudson, and L118-2 were designated resistant to the CR isolate and susceptible to the LI isolate. More eggs were found in the roots of all plants inoculated with the LI isolate than with the CR isolate. The clones NY85 and L118-2 were inoculated with the CR and LI isolates in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment to assess differences in nematode egression. Egression was measured, beginning 3 days after inoculation, for 12 days. The rates of egression were similar for the four treatments and fit linear regression models, but differences were detected in numbers of egressed nematodes. More nematodes of the CR isolate than the LS isolate egressed from L118-2. Differences in egression of females was particularly significant and can be used as an alternative or supplement to reproduction tests to assess resistance in potato to P. penetrans and to distinguish variation in virulence. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 339 EP 345 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TD635 UT WOS:A1995TD63500011 PM 19277297 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD GRAY, FA AF GRIFFIN, GD GRAY, FA TI BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP OF MELOIDOGYNE-HAPLA POPULATIONS TO ALFALFA CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; MEDICAGO SATIVA; MELOIDOGYNE HAPLA; NEMATODE; NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT; POPULATION; RACE; REPRODUCTION; RESISTANCE; ROOT GROWTH; SHOOT GROWTH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE ID SOIL-TEMPERATURE; CHITWOODI AB Greenhouse and growth chamber studies were established to determine if there are pathological and physiological differences among Meloidogyne hapla populations from California (CA), Nevada (NV), Utah (UT), and Wyoming (WY) on alfalfa cultivars classified as resistant or susceptible to root-knot nematodes. In the greenhouse, plant survival was nor consistent with resistance classifications. While all highly resistant Nevada Synthetic germplasm (Nev Syn XX) plants survived inoculation with all nematode populations, two cultivars classified as moderately resistant ('Chief and 'Kingstar') survived (P less than or equal to 0.05) inoculation with M. hapla populations better than did 'Lobo' cultivar, which is classified as resistant. Plant growth of Nev Syn XX was suppressed by only the CA population, whereas growth of the other alfalfa cultivars classified as M. hapla resistant or moderately resistant was suppressed by all nematode populations. Excluding Nev Syn XX, ail alfalfa cultivars were severely galled and susceptible to all nematode populations. Except for Nev Syn XX, reproduction did not differ among the nematode populations on alfalfa cultivars. Nev Syn XX was not as favorable a host to CA as were the other cultivars; but, it was a good host (reproductive factor [Rf] = 37). Temperature affected plant resistance; the UT and WY populations were more pathogenic at 15-25 C, and CA was more pathogenic at 30 C. Nev Syn XX was susceptible to all nematode populations, except for CA, at only 30 C, and all other alfalfa cultivars were susceptible to all nematode populations at all temperatures. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 353 EP 361 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TD635 UT WOS:A1995TD63500013 PM 19277299 ER PT J AU MARTI, OG ROGERS, CE AF MARTI, OG ROGERS, CE TI NOCTUIDONEMA DIBOLIA N-SP (APHELENCHIDA, ACUGUTTURIDAE), AN ECTOPARASITE OF THE MOTH MOCIS LATIPES (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECTOPARASITE; INSECT PARASITE; LEPIDOPTERA; MOCIS LATIPES; MOTH; NEMATODE; NOCTUIDAE; NOCTUIDONEMA DIBOLI N SP; TAXONOMY ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; APHELENCHOIDIDAE; GUYANENSE; NEMATODA AB Noctuidonema dibolia n. sp., an ectoparasite of adults of the noctuid moth Mocis latipes (Guenee) is described. The differentiating characters are a club-shaped body with a subterminal vulva in the female, spicules with a reduced matrix and sheath and closely apposed dorsal and ventral arms in the male, very long styler and conus, moderately prominent stylet knobs, a bluntly rounded head, and a large renette cell in both sexes. Lateral fields, rectum, anus, bursa, and gubernaculum are absent. Noctuidonema dibolia differs from the other species of the subfamily Noctuidonematinae in the size and robustness of the body, the length of the styler and conus, the length of the tail, and the shape of the spicules. RP MARTI, OG (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 387 EP 394 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TD635 UT WOS:A1995TD63500018 PM 19277304 ER PT J AU MEYER, SLF MEYER, RJ AF MEYER, SLF MEYER, RJ TI EFFECTS OF A MUTANT STRAIN AND A WILD-TYPE STRAIN OF VERTICILLIUM-IECANII ON HETERODERA-GLYCINES POPULATIONS IN THE GREENHOUSE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; FUNGUS; HETERODERA GLYCINES; MUTANT; NEMATODE; NEMATODE ANTAGONIST; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; VERTICILLIUM LECANII ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; BENOMYL TOLERANCE; TRICHODERMA; LECANII; FUNGI AB A wild type strain of Verticillium lecanii and a mutant strain with increased tolerance to the fungicide benomyl were evaluated in greenhouse experiments for effects on Heterodera glycines populations. Nematodes were applied at 300 eggs and juveniles per 4,550-cm(3) pot (two soybean plants in 4,990 g loamy sand per pot) and at both 300 and 10,000 eggs and juveniles per 1,720-cm(3) pot (one soybean plant in 2,060 g sand per pot). With 300 nematodes added per pot, both V. lecanii strains significantly reduced nematode populations in loamy sand (fungus applied at 0.02% dry weight per dry weight loamy sand) and sand (0.006% and 0.06% fungus application rates). The mutant strain applied at 0.002% to sand also significantly reduced cyst numbers. When 10,000 nematodes were added per pot, only the mutant strain at 0.06% significantly decreased population. Various media were tested for isolation of the fungus strains from prills, loamy sand, and sand, but the fungi,were recovered from few of the greenhouse pots. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP MEYER, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,RM 153,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 409 EP 417 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TD635 UT WOS:A1995TD63500020 PM 19277306 ER PT J AU SCHAEFFER, MC GRETZ, D MAHUREN, JD COBURN, SP AF SCHAEFFER, MC GRETZ, D MAHUREN, JD COBURN, SP TI TISSUE B-6 VITAMER CONCENTRATIONS IN RATS FED EXCESS VITAMIN-B-6 SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-B-6; TISSUES; HPLC; PYRIDIOXINE SUPPLEMENT; RATS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; MUSCLE PHOSPHORYLASE; DIETARY VITAMIN-B-6; WISTAR RATS; PLASMA; ACID; PHOSPHATE; PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Diets containing 1, 10, 100, 175 or 250 times the NRC recommended level of pyridoxine HCl (7 mg/kg) were fed to rats (218 g, 12 per group) to evaluate the effects on tissue B-6 vitamer concentrations. After 10 wk, food intake and body weights did not differ among groups. Overt toxicity was not observed. Tissues were taken from five rats of each group after overnight food deprivation (unfed rats); the remaining seven rats in each group were allowed access to food (fed rats). In plasma of unfed rats, 4-pyridoxic acid and pyridoxal concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary pyridoxine; pyridoxal phosphate was not affected by dietary pyridoxine. Concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxal increased significantly with increasing dietary pyridoxine in erythrocytes of unfed rats. Excretion of urinary B-6 vitamers and 4-pyridoxic acid in a 24-h period increased with dietary pyridoxine in fed rats. As dietary pyridoxine was increased, kidney pyridoxal concentrations increased significantly in fed rats only. Dietary pyridoxine did not affect vitamer concentration in muscle and liver of either unfed or fed rats, or in brain of unfed rats. Muscle glycogen phosphorylase, which contains pyridoxal phosphate, was not affected by dietary pyridoxine. There was a marginally significant (P = 0.058) increase in erythrocyte alanine, but not in aspartate, aminotransferase activity with increasing dietary pyridoxine. Plasma concentration of pyridoxal phosphate, which is used as a measure of vitamin B-6 status, did not reflect intake of pyridoxine in this study. Likewise, muscle pyridoxal phosphate and glycogen phosphorylase, advanced as possible reservoirs of vitamin B-6 because of positive correlations with dietary vitamin B-6 under some conditions, were unresponsive to excess dietary vitamin B-6. C1 FT WAYNE STATE DEV CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,FT WAYNE,IN 46835. RP SCHAEFFER, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 125 IS 9 BP 2370 EP 2378 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RR850 UT WOS:A1995RR85000012 PM 7666255 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ BARRISH, JP HICKS, MJ AF SHULMAN, RJ BARRISH, JP HICKS, MJ TI DOES THE USE OF HYDROCHLORIC-ACID DAMAGE SILICONE-RUBBER CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Note AB Background: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is commonly used to clear obstructions in central venous catheters (CVC). Methods: To determine if HCl adversely affects the integrity of a CVC we infused 0.1 N HCl daily into CVC in vitro. At weekly intervals sections of the CVC were removed and examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Over 8 weeks, no damage to the CVC was visible. Conclusions: HCl administration poses no threat to the structural integrity of a CVC. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 19 IS 5 BP 407 EP 409 DI 10.1177/0148607195019005407 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RW055 UT WOS:A1995RW05500014 PM 8577021 ER PT J AU MILLER, RG JAHOOR, F REEDS, PJ HEIRD, WC JAKSIC, T AF MILLER, RG JAHOOR, F REEDS, PJ HEIRD, WC JAKSIC, T TI A NEW STABLE-ISOTOPE TRACER TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS HUMAN NEONATAL AMINO-ACID SYNTHESIS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE STABLE ISOTOPE; AMINO ACID; METABOLISM; NUTRITION ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; YOUNG MEN; METABOLISM; KINETICS; PROLINE; LEUCINE; ALANINE; INFANTS; PROTEIN; GLYCINE AB The amino acid (AA) synthetic ability and requirements of human infants are undefined. A stable isotope tracer technique was employed in neonates to assess conversion of uniformly labeled C-13 glucose into biochemically nonessential AA (NEAA). Ten neonates (5 males, 5 females) were studied at a mean age of 7 +/- 2.0 (SEM) days. The mean gestational age was 35.5 +/- 1.1 weeks, and the mean weight at time of study was 2,191 +/- 181 g. Six infants were fed enterally, and four received only intravenous 10% dextrose (D10W). Blood samples were obtained before, and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after an orogastric bolus of D-[U-C-13]glucose (100 mg/kg). The conversion of glucose carbon into seven NEAA was assessed by measuring their isotopic enrichments in plasma, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and was expressed as mole percent excess (MPE), with detectable MPE defined as greater than or equal to 0.2. The isotopic enrichment of plasma glucose also was measured using GC/MS. Free plasma AA concentrations were assayed using an automated AA analyzer and expressed in micromoles per liter. The mean glucose enrichment was 9.33 +/- 1.8 MPE (range, 5.82 to 13.48). Detectable C-13-labeling of the NEAA was observed as follows: Glu in 100% of infants; Gly, 100%; Ala, 90%; Ser, 80%; Asp, 70%; Cys, 60%; and Pro, 60%. Detectable Pro enrichment was observed in none of three premature infants on D10W. Free plasma Cys concentration was markedly lower than normal (19.8 v 86 mu mol/L). The number of isotopically enriched NEAA in the plasma of premature infants was 5.1 +/- 0.5, compared with 6.7 +/- 0.3 in that of full-term infants (t = 2.69, p < .05). Test NEAA synthesis was correlated with the following clinical variables: study weight (r = .68), gestational age (r = .30), study age (r = .24), enteral feeding (r = .24), and gender (r = 0). By stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, only study weight independently predicted NEAA enrichment (F = 6.72, P < .05). These results show that a new stable isotope tracer technique can be employed safely and effectively for the study of human neonatal amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the data suggest that low-weight neonates are unable to synthesize Cys and Pro, AA considered to be biochemically nonessential in adults. Optimal nutritional strategies for neonates may need to address these apparent deficiencies. Copyright (C) 1995 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,CTR CLIN CARE,DEPT PEDIAT SURG,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,CORA & WEBB MADING DEPT SURG,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1325 EP 1329 DI 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90496-4 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA RV171 UT WOS:A1995RV17100020 PM 8523236 ER PT J AU JOHN, A PECCHENINO, R SCHIMMELPFENNIG, D SCHREFT, S AF JOHN, A PECCHENINO, R SCHIMMELPFENNIG, D SCHREFT, S TI SHORT-LIVED AGENTS AND THE LONG-LIVED ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; CAPITAL ACCUMULATION ID ECONOMICS; RESOURCES AB Actions that affect environmental quality both influence and respond to macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, many environmental and macroeconomic consequences of current actions will have uncompensated effects that outlive the actors. This paper presents an overlapping-generations model of environmental externalities and capital accumulation. Policies pursued by short-lived governments that affect capital accumulation and environmental quality, although myopically optimal, fail to internalize the long-lived external effects of their constituents' actions. Consequently, tax policies must be set by a long-lived government agency whose planning horizon is the environment's, not the individual agent's, lifetime. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. FED RESERVE BANK RICHMOND,RICHMOND,VA 23219. RP JOHN, A (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ECON,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI John, Andrew/F-8407-2016 OI John, Andrew/0000-0002-6811-3525 NR 23 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0047-2727 J9 J PUBLIC ECON JI J. Public Econ. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 58 IS 1 BP 127 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0047-2727(94)01459-2 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA RU559 UT WOS:A1995RU55900007 ER PT J AU MOMCILOVIC, B LYKKEN, GI TAO, L WIELOPOLSKI, L AF MOMCILOVIC, B LYKKEN, GI TAO, L WIELOPOLSKI, L TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF ZN-65 AND K-40 IN HUMAN URINE BY LIBRARY LEAST-SQUARES AND WINDOW METHODS USING A PERSONAL-COMPUTER SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC-III) CY APR 10-16, 1994 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP Amer Nucl Soc, Div Isotopes & Radiat, Amer Nucl Soc, Div Biol & Med, Amer Nucl Soc, NO Calif Sect AB The Library Least Squares method was adapted for use on a standard personal computer. It was found to be considerably more sensitive than the window method in the accurate assessment of Zn-65 and K-40 simultaneously presented in human urine samples. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT PHYS,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT RTF MED,UPTON,NY 11973. RP MOMCILOVIC, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 195 IS 2 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1007/BF02035971 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA RP509 UT WOS:A1995RP50900011 ER PT J AU WELCH, BL NELSON, DL AF WELCH, BL NELSON, DL TI BLACK STEM RUST REDUCES BIG SAGEBURSH SEED PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA SSP VASEYANA RYDB BEETLE; HOBBLE CREEK; PUCCINIA TANECETI DC AB We conducted an experiment to determine the effects of a rust disease on big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt,) seed production, We ranked 760 plants as to disease intensity in an established 'Hobble Creek' mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp, vaseyana Rydb. Beetle) seed-increase garden. These rankings were divided into 4 classes: I. very light intensity; II. light intensity; III. medium intensity; and IV. heavy intensity. Three years after planting all plants in the test showed signs of infection, The heavier the infection the fewer seeds produced, Cost of the rust disease was estimated at about $3,862 ha(-1). RP WELCH, BL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 48 IS 5 BP 398 EP 401 DI 10.2307/4002241 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RU393 UT WOS:A1995RU39300003 ER PT J AU GRINGS, EE ADAMS, DC SHORT, RE AF GRINGS, EE ADAMS, DC SHORT, RE TI DIET QUALITY OF SUCKLING CALVES AND MATURE STEERS ON NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; NUTRIENTS; PASTURE ID FORAGE; BEEF AB A study was conducted over 2 years to evaluate the quality of forage selected by suckling calves compared to mature steers, Diets were collected from esophageally cannulated suckling calves or from steers that were two-years-old or older, Sampling was conducted in June, July, September, October, and November in each of 2 years, The forage portion of diets of esophageally fistulated suckling calves (beginning 115 to 136 days of age) were 21% greater (P < 0.01) in crude protein and 5% less (P < 0.06) in neutral detergent fiber relative to those consumed by mature steers in June and July, Diets of calves also contained 14% less (P < 0.01) acid detergent fiber than diets of mature steers in June, There were no differences in diet quality due to age during September, October, and November of either year, We conclude that suckling calves selected diets of higher quality than did mature steers early in the growing season, Forage quality may have allowed selective behavior at this time, low forage intakes of calves may have allowed more time for selection, or exploratory grazing by calves may have resulted in diets with increased nutrient quality in early summer. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. RP GRINGS, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,RT 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 48 IS 5 BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.2307/4002248 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RU393 UT WOS:A1995RU39300010 ER PT J AU AIKEN, GE SPRINGER, TL AF AIKEN, GE SPRINGER, TL TI SEED SIZE DISTRIBUTION, GERMINATION, AND EMERGENCE OF 6 SWITCHGRASS CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GRAMINEAE; NATIVE GRASSES; PANICUM VIRGATUM L; COLEOPTILE AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has potential as a forage and biomass crop, but difficult establishment has limited its use, Germination and emergence were studied for 6 cultivars of switchgrass ('Alamo', 'Blackwell', 'Cave-in-Rock', 'Kanlow', 'Pathfinder', and 'Trailblazer'). Germination studies were conducted to determine the effect of light on germination and coleoptile length, and to determine the effect of seed size (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 degrees air valve settings for a South Dakota seed blower) on germination, A greenhouse study was also conducted to examine the effect of seed size, planting depth, (5, 10, and 20 mm), and soil type (sand and 2 silt loams) on emergence, Germination of unsized seed increased linearly as duration in the germination chamber increased from 7 to 21 days for all cultivars, Although presence of light did not affect germination, coleoptile length under continuous darkness averaged 4.1 cm and was greater than the 1.0 cm measured for those with daily light exposure of 16 hours. Both germination and emergence increased nonlinearly as seed size increased, For both silt-loam soils, emergence was low and not affected by planting depth, A nonlinear decline in emergence with increased planting depth was detected in sand 7 days after planting, but not after 14 and 21 days. Results of the study indicate that seed size and soil texture had a greater effect on emergence than did planting depth down to a depth of 20 mm. RP AIKEN, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY RES CTR,6883 STATE HIGHWAY 23,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 48 IS 5 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.2307/4002252 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RU393 UT WOS:A1995RU39300014 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH AF RALPHS, MH TI LONG-TERM CHANGE IN VEGETATION FOLLOWING HERBICIDE CONTROL OF LARKSPUR SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANT; DELPHINIUM OCCIDENTALE; DELPHINIUM BARBEYI; PICLORAM; METSULFURON; GLYPHOSATE ID DELPHINIUM AB Larkspur (Delphhinium spp,) control can reduce cattle deaths on mountain rangelands, but vegetation cover must be maintained to protect watersheds from erosion, The objective of this study was to evaluate the long term impact of herbicides on larkspur control and cover of associated species, Duncecap larkspur (Delphinium occidentale S. Watts) near Oakley Ida., and tall larkspur (D. barbeyi Huth) near Manti Utah, were the target species. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) was applied at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 kg ae/ha; glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) was applied at 0.06, 1.1, and 2.2 kg ai/ha; and metsulfuron (1-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl)amine]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid) was applied at 0.035, 0.07, and 0.14 kg ai/ha. Picloram at 2.2 kg/ha maintained long-term control of both larkspur species (> 80%) when applied in the vegetative, bud, and flower growth stages. Total grass cover was higher on picloram plots than other treatments. Forb cover declined and bare ground was greater in picloram plots than other treatments at Manti. Metsulfuron controlled dunce-cap larkspur when applied in the vegetative stage. However, long-term control of tall larkspur at Manti declined as new tall larkspur seedlings established, Glyphosate controlled both larkspurs when applied in the vegetative and bud stages, but it allowed undesirable annual and rhizomatous forbs and shrubs to increase by the end of the study, Grass cover was lower on glyphosate plots than on other treatments. Bare ground was higher on glyphosate plots than other treatments at Oakley, but was intermediate at Manti. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 48 IS 5 BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.2307/4002253 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RU393 UT WOS:A1995RU39300015 ER PT J AU BERG, WA SIMS, PL AF BERG, WA SIMS, PL TI NITROGEN-FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY IN STEER GAIN ON OLD-WORLD BLUESTEM SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SOUTHERN PLAINS; MARGINAL FARMLAND; GRASS FERTILIZATION; BOTHRIOCHLOA ISCHAEMUM AB Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum L.) is the major grass being planted for improved pastures on marginal farmland in western Oklahoma and adjacent areas in Texas, The farmland is often deficient in plant available N as a result of up to 100 years of cultivation and erosion. This study determined N fertilizer use efficiency on steer gain when grazing Old World bluestem in northwestern Oklahoma where average annual precipitation is 575 mm yr(-1). The study was conducted over 4 summer grazing seasons on Pratt soils (sandy, mixed thermic Psammentic Haplusalfs). Nitrogen rates of 0, 34, 68, and 102 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) were applied to paddocks in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks, Steer gain averaged 220 kg ha(-1)yr(-1) and 3.3 kg per kg N applied at the 34 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) rate. Steer gain ranged from 2.3 to 4.3 kg yr(-1) per kg of N applied at the rate of 34 kg N ha(-1) yr(1). About an additional kg of steer gain per kg N applied was realized for the second 34 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) increment from 34 to 68 kg N ha(-1) y(-1). Gain was negligible from the third 34 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) increment from 68 to 102 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Early summer grazing of N-fertilized Old World bluestem has high stocker production potential. RP BERG, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 48 IS 5 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.2307/4002254 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RU393 UT WOS:A1995RU39300016 ER PT J AU FRANK, AB TANAKA, DL HOFMANN, L FOLLETT, RF AF FRANK, AB TANAKA, DL HOFMANN, L FOLLETT, RF TI SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN OF NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS GRASSLANDS AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM GRAZING SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; C3 SPECIES; C4 SPECIES; RANGELAND; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER; BOUTELOUA GRACILIS ID C-13 ABUNDANCE; CULTIVATION; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Three mixed prairie sites at Mandan, N.D. were grazed heavily (0.9 ha steer(-1)), moderately (2.6 ha steer(-1)), or left ungrazed (exclosure) since 1916. These sites provided treatments to study the effects of long-term grazing on soil organic carbon and nitrogen content and to relate changes in soil carbon and nitrogen to grazing induced changes in species composition. Blue grams [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag, ex Griffiths] accounted for the greatest change in species composition for both grazing treatments, Relative foliar cover of blue grama was 25% in 1916 and 86% in 1994 in the heavily grazed pasture and 15% in 1916 to 16% in 1994 in the moderately grazed pasture, Total soil nitrogen content was higher in the exclosure (1.44 kg N ha(-1)) than in either grazing treatment (0.92 and 1.07 kg N ha(-1) for moderately and heavily grazed, respectively) to 107-cm depth. Soil organic carbon content avg 7.2, 6.4, and 7.4 kg m(-2) to 30.4 cm soil depth and 14.1, 11.7, and 14.0 kg m(-2) to 106.7 cm soil depth for the exclosure, moderately grazed, and heavily grazed treatments, respectively, Compared to the exclosure the moderately grazed pasture contained 17% less soil carbon to the 106.7 cm depth, Heavy grazing did not reduce soil carbon when compared to the exclosure, Based on C-13 analysis and soil organic carbon data to 15.2 cm depth, blue grams or other C4 species contributed 24% or 1.2 kg m(-2) of the total carbon in the heavily grazed and 20% or 0.8 kg m(-2) of the total carbon in the moderately grazed pastures during the 1916 to 1991 time period, The increase in blue grama, a species with dense shallow root systems, in the heavily grazed pasture probably accounted for maintenance of soil carbon at levels equal to the exclosure, These results suggest that changes in species composition from a mixed prairie to predominantly blue grama compensated for soil carbon losses that may result from grazing native grasslands. C1 USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCE RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP FRANK, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 19 TC 128 Z9 160 U1 7 U2 49 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 48 IS 5 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.2307/4002255 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RU393 UT WOS:A1995RU39300017 ER PT J AU WOODBRIDGE, B FINLEY, KK BLOOM, PH AF WOODBRIDGE, B FINLEY, KK BLOOM, PH TI REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE, AGE STRUCTURE, AND NATAL DISPERSAL OF SWAINSONS-HAWKS IN THE BUTTE-VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BUTEO SWAINSONI; DISPERSAL; MARK-RECAPTURE; POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY; SWAINSONS HAWK; TERRITORY OCCUPANCY AB We monitored annual occupancy, reproductive performance, and natal dispersal of a marked population of Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) from 1984-94. Annual territory occupancy varied from 61-90%. Mean annual nest success was 65% (SE = 3.4%), and annual fledging rate was 1.53 (SE = 0.14) young per nest attempt. Of 567 Swainson's hawks banded as nestlings during this study, 41 were later recaptured as breeding adults. Mean age at recapture was 5.9 yr (SE = 0.37; range = 3-15 yr. The mean age of color-marked adults observed in either 1933 or 1994 was 8.2 yr (SE = 0.52), and ranged from 4-15 yr. Dispersal distances from natal site to subsequent breeding site ranged from 0-18.1 km (mean = 8.2 km, SD = 3.1), and was not different from random distances among territories. C1 WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOL,CAMARILLO,CA 93010. RP WOODBRIDGE, B (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,KLAMATH NATL FOREST,1312 FAIRLANE RD,YREKA,CA 96097, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA RX347 UT WOS:A1995RX34700006 ER PT J AU WOODBRIDGE, B FINLEY, KK SEAGER, ST AF WOODBRIDGE, B FINLEY, KK SEAGER, ST TI AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SWAINSONS HAWK IN ARGENTINA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE ARGENTINA; BUTEO SWAINSONI; MIGRATION; SWAINSONS HAWK; WINTERING RP WOODBRIDGE, B (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,KLAMATH NATL FOREST,1312 FAIRLANE RD,YREKA,CA 96097, USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA RX347 UT WOS:A1995RX34700009 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, DC SIMANTON, JR AF GOODRICH, DC SIMANTON, JR TI WATER RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT IN SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; THUNDERSTORM RAINFALL; SEEDLING SURVIVAL; GRASSES; MODEL RP GOODRICH, DC (reprint author), USDA,ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 416 EP 419 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800003 ER PT J AU VANSCHILFGAARDE, J AF VANSCHILFGAARDE, J TI WATER MANAGEMENT IN SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ RP VANSCHILFGAARDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 420 EP 421 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800004 ER PT J AU FARRELL, DA AF FARRELL, DA TI EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHEDS - A HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ ID NO-TILL SOIL; MOISTURE; TRANSPORT; CHEMICALS RP FARRELL, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 432 EP 437 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800006 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, JC HUMES, KS WELTZ, MA AF RITCHIE, JC HUMES, KS WELTZ, MA TI LASER ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS AT WALNUT-GULCH WATERSHED, ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ AB Measurements of landscape surface roughness properties are necessary for understanding many watershed processes. This paper reviews the use of an airborne laser altimeter to measure topography and surface roughness properties of the landscape at Walnut Gulch Watershed in Arizona. Airborne laser data were used to measure macro and micro topography as well as canopy topography, height, cover, and distribution. Macro topography of landscape profiles for segments up to 5 km (3 mi) were measured and were in agreement with available topographic maps but provided more detail Gullies and stream channel cross-sections and their associated floodplains were measured. Laser measurements of vegetation properties (height and cover) were highly correlated with ground measurements. Landscape segments for any length can be used to measure these landscape roughness properties. Airborne laser altimeter measurements of landscape profiles can provide detailed information on watershed surface properties improving the management of watersheds. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP RITCHIE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 440 EP 442 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800008 ER PT J AU NICKS, AD AF NICKS, AD TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS OVER A LARGE GAGED NETWORK SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ AB A network of 168 recording precipitation gages was operated by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service in south central Oklahoma from October 1961 until October 1986. This network the largest of its kind, consisted of weighing recording rain gases spaced on a 5km by 5km grid over a 3,300km(2) area. Data gathered from this network provide spatial and temporal characteristics of frontal and air mass storm precipitation at a scale that far surpasses the normal climatic station spacing (approximately 50km). These data are not only useful for furnishing the detailed precipitation inputs to 50 watershed studies conducted on areas of a few hectares to 2940 km(2), but also provide invaluable information for stochastic modeling of storm precipitation inputs for hydrologic simulation models. Analyses of 24 years of daily precipitation data collected from this network depict annual spatial variation of precipitation, as well as distribution of storm size, orientation, and spatial occurrence that are required for stochastic represention of storm area precipitation. RP NICKS, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 443 EP 445 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800009 ER PT J AU FRASIER, GW HART, RH SCHUMAN, GE AF FRASIER, GW HART, RH SCHUMAN, GE TI RAINFALL SIMULATION TO EVALUATE INFILTRATION RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ ID SOIL; VEGETATION; RESPONSES AB A rotating boom rainfall simulator was wed to evaluate the effects on infiltration and runoff of removing cattle from a native shortgrass rangeland site in the Central Great Plains. Study sites included three pastures which had been grazed at the same intensities for 53 years. After 1 year there were changes in the initial dry run equilibrium runoff ratio on the area that had been heavily grazed. No changes were evident in the final wet-wet equilibrium runoff ratios after 2 years. These results indicate that changes in the infiltration parameters of the surface soil layers occur within 2 years after removal of cattle grazing but no changes occurred at the deeper soil depths, which affect long-term equilibrium infiltration. We-wet equilibrium runoff ratios decreased on the light and moderate grazed areas over the 3-year time span. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,CHEYENNE,WY 82009. RP FRASIER, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 460 EP 463 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800014 ER PT J AU RAWLS, WJ BRAKENSIEK, DL AF RAWLS, WJ BRAKENSIEK, DL TI UTILIZING FRACTAL PRINCIPLES FOR PREDICTING SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ ID WATER RETENTION; MACROPOROSITY; CONDUCTIVITY; INFILTRATION AB Procedures have been developed for predicting both matrix and macropore hydraulic soil properties from published methods. Methods for predicting the matrix and macropore saturated hydraulic conductivity used coupling fractal processes with the Marshall saturated conductivity formulation. Also, methods relating the number of pore classes, maximum pore radius, size/count distribution, and areal porosity to soil properties used fractal principles. The method were organized to provide estimates of matrix and macropore characteristics from several alternative data inputs. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP RAWLS, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 463 EP 465 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800015 ER PT J AU MCCOOL, DK WALTER, MT KING, LG AF MCCOOL, DK WALTER, MT KING, LG TI RUNOFF INDEX VALUES FOR FROZEN SOIL AREAS OF THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ ID EROSION AB Several operational hydrology and erosion models use the NRCS Runoff Curve Number procedure to estimate runoff. However, runoff Curve Numbers are poorly defined and perhaps inappropriate for areas such as the Pacific Northwest where the annual hydrology is dominated by winter processes of snowfall and soil freezing and thawing. Hence, these models do not perform well under these conditions. This has hampered successful we of models such as EPIC, CREAMS, and AGNPS in the region. Runoff index values have been calculated wing runoff curve number relationships from runoff plot data from the Palouse Conservation Field Station near Pullman, Washington. These runoff index values range considerably higher than Curve Numbers commonly wed in hydrologic planning and can be wed to improve performance of Curve Number based models under winter conditions of the Pacific Northwest. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,PULLMAN,WA. RP MCCOOL, DK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL ENGN,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 466 EP 469 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800016 ER PT J AU SAVABI, MR FLANAGAN, DC HEBEL, B ENGEL, BA AF SAVABI, MR FLANAGAN, DC HEBEL, B ENGEL, BA TI APPLICATION OF WEPP AND GIS-GRASS TO A SMALL WATERSHED IN INDIANA SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ ID INFORMATION AB Geographic information systems (GIS) are well-structured databases for handling large quantities of spatially varied data within a watershed. Linking of a GIS with a spatially, physically-bared, deterministic hydrologic model such as the USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) offers many advantages. The USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model is a new computer program based on the fundamentals of hydrology, soil physics, plant science, hydraulics, and erosion mechanics. The WEPP model provides several major advantages over existing hydrologic and erosion models;for example, it reflects the effects of soil surface conditions due to agricultural, range, and forestry practices on storm runoff and erosion. Furthermore, it models spatial and temporal variability of the factors affecting the watershed hydrologic and erosion regime. The WEPP model requires hydrometeorological, soil, topography, and land-use data. The Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) GIS was used to obtain many of the needed input parameters. The WEPP model was evaluated on a watershed in the Indian Pine Natural Resources Field Station near West Lafayette, Indiana. The model-predicted storm runoff was compared with measured values. The results indicate that GRASS-GIS technology is a powerful tool and can he used to parameterize a complex hydrologic model such as WEPP? The results also indicate that using GRASS-GIS maps to recognize watershed configurations and representative hillslopes improved the model's ability to predict storm runoff. C1 UNIV RENEWABLE RESOURCES,INST HYDRAUL & RURAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,VIENNA,AUSTRIA. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP SAVABI, MR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 477 EP 483 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800018 ER PT J AU KAUTZA, TJ SCHERTZ, DL WEESIES, GA AF KAUTZA, TJ SCHERTZ, DL WEESIES, GA TI LESSONS LEARNED IN RUSLE TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER AND IMPLEMENTATION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ AB The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is erosion prediction technology developed under the leadership of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) as a conservation planning tool to replace the universal soil loss equation. The technology was considered complete and available for implementation by ARS and the Soil and Water Conservation Society (SWCS) in 1992. This paper discusses the implementation processes and strategies used to overcome concerns for implementing RUSLE in NRCS field offices; describes a unique Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between ARS and SWCS; and analyzes the instructional design, materials, and methods used by SWCS in transfering RUSLE technology. C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. PURDUE UNIV,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP KAUTZA, TJ (reprint author), SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SOC,ANKENY,IA 50021, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 490 EP 493 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800020 ER PT J AU FERREIRA, VA WEESIES, GA YODER, DC FOSTER, GR RENARD, KG AF FERREIRA, VA WEESIES, GA YODER, DC FOSTER, GR RENARD, KG TI THE SITE AND CONDITION SPECIFIC NATURE OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; RUSLE AB Selectivity analyses generally aim to quantify model result changes with respect to input changes. This study instead forces on the site- and condition-specific nature of sensitivity, to demonstrate why users benefit by conducting their own sensitivity analyses as an essential step in model applications. This is demonstrated by employing the RUSLE model, which predicts average annual soil loss within a field. Sensitivity by computed soil loss to changes in selected parameters and variables is quantified under a range of sites and conditions. Input parameters representative of several common forms are varied about base values for the variety of scenarios. The scenarios include a corn/soybean rotation near Chicago, Illinois, the same scenario moved to the Atlanta, Georgia, area, and a corn/soybean/winter wheat rotation near Topeka, Kansas. Both conventional and no-till management schemes are tested at the three locations. Results show that model sensitivity may vary both with site and with management conditions being simulated These results serve to caution users of complex computer models not to rely upon sensitivity results that were conducted under conditions other than those being simulated. A serendipitous result is the demonstration of how the form of presenting results affects user perspective of the importance of those results. C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN. USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. RP FERREIRA, VA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TERRA LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 493 EP 497 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800021 ER PT J AU TISCARENOLOPEZ, M WELTZ, MA LOPES, VL AF TISCARENOLOPEZ, M WELTZ, MA LOPES, VL TI ASSESSING UNCERTAINTIES IN WEPPS SOIL-EROSION PREDICTIONS ON RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ AB An assessment of uncertainties in predictions was performed for the WEPP model by identifying the contribution of parameter variance and model bias on the Mean Square Error of three model response variables. A Monte Carlo simulation scheme with correlated variable generation was assembled into WEPP on produce a large number of model responses to be compared to observed data of a semi-arid rangeland watershed. The behavior of errors and prediction intervals illustrate the model's ability to simulate the system. This analysis answered relevant questions related to model uncertainty and to identify noisy components in the model. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP TISCARENOLOPEZ, M (reprint author), SAGAR,INIFAP,CTR NACL PROD SOSTENIBLE,MICHOACAN 58260,MEXICO. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 512 EP 516 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800025 ER PT J AU SMITH, RE GOODRICH, DC QUINTON, JN AF SMITH, RE GOODRICH, DC QUINTON, JN TI DYNAMIC, DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION OF WATERSHED EROSION - THE KINEROS2 AND EUROSEM MODELS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ ID INFILTRATION AB Two models, KINEROS2 and EUROSEM, that simulate hydrologic event erosion on small catchments as a distributed, dynamic convective transport process are described briefly. Each employs a numerical solution of the mass balance equation, and uses time distributed rainfall rates as input. The equations for convective transport of sediment are quite similar to the kinematic equation for hydrologic response of a surface or channel. The features of the models are outlined, and the areas where research is needed are indicated. An example of simulation of rainfall plot test data is shown, demonstrating the practical value of dealing with particle size distribution, and an example is given of the value of these models in developing improved slope length factors in lumped models. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. SILSOE COLL,SILSOE,BEDS,ENGLAND. RP SMITH, RE (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,AERC FOOTHILLS,USDA,AGR RES SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Quinton, John/B-1290-2011 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Quinton, John/0000-0003-1746-4795 NR 17 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 517 EP 520 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800026 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J KUHNLE, R ALONSO, C AF GARBRECHT, J KUHNLE, R ALONSO, C TI A SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CAPACITY FORMULATION FOR APPLICATION TO LARGE CHANNEL NETWORKS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ ID GRAVEL AB A sediment transport capacity algorithm for estimating large scale propagation and redistribution of sediments in channel networks is proposed. The algorithm computer transport capacity by size fraction using four established sediment transport equations with modified critical shear stress to account for the equal mobility property of sediment mixtures. The algorithm was tested against a large number of measured data and produced consistent results for a wide range of flow and sediment characteristics. The broad applicability of the algorithm makes it suitable for estimation of sediment transport capacity in large channel networks with spatial variability in channel flow and sediment characteristics. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 527 EP 529 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800029 ER PT J AU THURMAN, JL ROBERTS, RT AF THURMAN, JL ROBERTS, RT TI NEW STRATEGIES FOR THE WATER DATA CENTER SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Research and Management in Semiarid Environments CY NOV 01-03, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ AB The Water Data Center (WDC) is a group within the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), responsible for storing, disseminating, and archiving water data collected by the agency. In an effort to make data readily available to the public, the WDC has developed several strategies to improve the applicability and availability of the ARS water database. Distribution strategies include an on-line information management system known as REPHLEX II, a CD-ROM, Internet access via anonymous file transfer protocol, and direct interaction with WDC staff. RP THURMAN, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,CTR WATER DATA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 530 EP 531 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800030 ER PT J AU RENARD, KG AF RENARD, KG TI WATER RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT IN SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS - CLOSING SYMPOSIUM ADDRESS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 532 EP 534 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800031 ER PT J AU MCCOOL, DK STOTT, DE LAFLEN, JM SCHERTZ, DL AF MCCOOL, DK STOTT, DE LAFLEN, JM SCHERTZ, DL TI RESIDUE INCORPORATION BY TILLAGE - INTERACTION OF MASS AND COVER SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CROP RESIDUE; SOIL-EROSION; SOYBEAN RESIDUE; SYSTEMS; PREDICTION AB The majority of farm plans written to meet conservation compliance requirements include surface residue as a major source of protection against excessive soil erosion. Expected residue levels at critical periods in the crop rotation are predicted by applying residue retention factor values associated with specific tillage implements. Frequently values for retention by fraction of mass and by fraction of cover are used interchangeably. A relationship between fraction of pretillage residue mass and fraction of pretillage residue cover retained as a function of a single area to mars residue characteristic and pretillage mass per unit area is developed in this paper cover and mass fraction retention values are similar only under very limited conditions. Conservationists and others designing farm plans must be aware of these differences in cover and mass fraction retention values and ensure that consistent procedures are followed in estimating the residue levels expected at critical erosive periods. C1 USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN. USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP MCCOOL, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA, USA. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 563 EP 567 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800032 ER PT J AU STONE, KC HUNT, PG COFFEY, SW MATHENY, TA AF STONE, KC HUNT, PG COFFEY, SW MATHENY, TA TI WATER-QUALITY STATUS OF A USDA WATER-QUALITY DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN THE EASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NITRATE MOVEMENT; GROUNDWATER AB A 5-year research study was initiated in 1990 at the USDA Water Quality Demonstration Project in the Herrings Marsh Run (HMR) watershed in Duplin Country, North Carolina. The HMR watershed is representative of an eastern Coastal Plain watershed with intensive agricultural practices (e.g., crop, swine, poultry, and cattle production). Stream water sampling stations were established at four locations in the watershed to evaluate the influences of the agricultural practices on stream water quality. Stream water at the HMR Tributary (Station 2) was consistently lower in quality than water from the HMR Main channel (Station 3). Nitrate-N levels normally exceeded 5 mg/L in stream water at the HMR Tributary. These data indicate that current and past agricultural management practices have degraded stream water qual ity at specific locations. Implementation of improved management practices has the potential to produce measurable improvements in the quality of water in the demonstration watershed. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,WATER QUAL GRP,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP STONE, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC, USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800033 ER PT J AU LOGSDON, SD KASPAR, TC AF LOGSDON, SD KASPAR, TC TI TILLAGE INFLUENCES AS MEASURED BY PONDED AND TENSION INFILTRATION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL; SOIL; CORN; INFILTROMETER; THROUGHFALL; RESIDUE; DESIGN AB Increasing numbers of farmers are using conservation tillage systems for reducing soil erosion. Tillage/residue management systems also influence soil properties at or near the surface through their effect on pore arrangement surface sealing, and tillage pans. The purpose of this study wire to evaluate the near-surface pore characteristics of long-term tillage systems using ponded and tension infiltration measurements. Three farmer-managed tillage systems were compared by measuring infiltration on four or five soil map units (2 locations each) within a single field in each system. Infiltration measurements also were made at four other locations on researcher-managed tillage system plots arranged in traditional randomized complete block designs. Differences between farming systems were not significant because of inherent variability because no surface seal developed on the soil, and because significant tillage pans did not develop. Heavy rains did not occur during the study year until the canopy was fully developed this prevented formation of surface seals even in tillage systems without much surface residue. These measurements showed that hydraulic conductivity of long-term no-till and ridge-till systems was not reduced compared with conventional tilled systems. All of the no-till and ridge-till systems examined had been cultivated for weed control in some years except for one farmer-managed system, which war disturbed by anhydrous ammonia applied with a knife applicator. Negative effects of compaction in no-till may be offset by the positive influence of increased earthworm (Lumbricus and Apporecteda sps) activity. RP LOGSDON, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 571 EP 575 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RX578 UT WOS:A1995RX57800034 ER PT J AU TOOMEY, JM CARLISLENOWAK, MM BARR, SC LOPEZ, JW FRENCH, TW SCOTT, FW HOOSE, W PIZANO, S DUBEY, JP AF TOOMEY, JM CARLISLENOWAK, MM BARR, SC LOPEZ, JW FRENCH, TW SCOTT, FW HOOSE, W PIZANO, S DUBEY, JP TI CONCURRENT TOXOPLASMOSIS AND FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS IN A CAT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN AB A 13-year-old, 4-kg, neutered male Maine coon presented with ascites. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were seen within neutrophils and macrophages, and free within the abdominal fluid. At necropsy, many abdominal organs were positive for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) antigens using immunohistochemical staining. This apparently is the first report of concurrent toxoplasmosis and FIP in a domestic cat. C1 CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,CORNELL FELINE HLTH CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TOOMEY, JM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOC PI LAKEWOOD PA PO BOX 150899, LAKEWOOD, CO 80215-0899 SN 0587-2871 J9 J AM ANIM HOSP ASSOC JI J. Amer. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 31 IS 5 BP 425 EP 428 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RT203 UT WOS:A1995RT20300010 PM 8542361 ER PT J AU MCGEHEE, MM JOHNSON, EQ RASMUSSEN, HM SAHYOUN, N LYNCH, MM CAREY, M AF MCGEHEE, MM JOHNSON, EQ RASMUSSEN, HM SAHYOUN, N LYNCH, MM CAREY, M TI BENEFITS AND COSTS OF MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY BY REGISTERED DIETITIANS FOR PATIENTS WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; EFFICACY; DIET AB The Massachusetts Dietetic Association implemented a statewide retrospective quality assurance audit to determine the effectiveness and cost of medical nutrition therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia (>5.20 mmol/L). Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Data were collected at 23 sites from 285 outpatients seen by a registered dietitian for a minimum of two visits. Patients taking lipid-lowering medications were excluded. Of the 285 patients, 108 (38%) were men and 177 (62%) were women. The mean age was 51.4 years (range=22 to 79 years). Results showed that the mean reduction in serum cholesterol level was 8.6%, which translates to a decrease of approximately 17.2% in risk of CAD. Forty-five percent of the total population showed an 11% or greater reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Reduction;in serum cholesterol levels correlated with increased time spent with a dietitian (r=.188, P<.001). The mean cost for nutrition intervention with a dietitian was $163 (a mean of four visits). In contrast, the estimated annual cost of treatment for patients with hypercholesterolemia using drug therapy is $1,450. A 1993 report calculated the annual cost of treating heart disease in the United States to be $80 billion. Medical nutrition therapy should be considered the initial, effective, and low-cost approach in the management of patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,PATIENT FOOD & CLIN NUTR SERV,BOSTON,MA 02114. CAMBRIDGE HOSP,AMBULATORY NUTR SERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. MGH,INST HLTH PROFESS,GRAD PROGRAM DIETET,BOSTON,MA. RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1041 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00288-X PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RU459 UT WOS:A1995RU45900018 PM 7657908 ER PT J AU HUNT, GJ TABACHNICK, WJ AF HUNT, GJ TABACHNICK, WJ TI COLD-STORAGE EFFECTS ON EGG HATCH IN LABORATORY-REARED CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS SONORENSIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; INFECTION AB The effects of cold storage (5 degrees C) on the hatching rates of laboratory-reared Culicoides variipennis sonorensis eggs were examined. Mortality increased with storage time. Average maximum embryo survivorship for 4 trials was 55.0 +/- 4.2 (+/-SEM) days. Alternating daily cycles of high and then low mean hatching rates occurred and possibly were due to location differences in temperature within the temperature-controlled rearing system. During cold storage at 5 degrees C, C. v. sonorensis eggs may be kept for ca. 28 days with an anticipated hatching rate of about 50%. RP HUNT, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RW376 UT WOS:A1995RW37600008 PM 8551303 ER PT J AU DUNLAP, FG WHITE, PJ POLLAK, LM BRUMM, TJ AF DUNLAP, FG WHITE, PJ POLLAK, LM BRUMM, TJ TI FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF OIL FROM ADAPTED, ELITE CORN BREEDING MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ADAPTED CORN BREEDING MATERIALS; CORN OIL; ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENCES; FATTY ACID COMPOSITION; GENETIC DIFFERENCES; OIL CONTENT; PROTEIN CONTENT; STARCH CONTENT ID CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; MAIZE; GERM AB The fatty acid composition of corn oil can be altered to meet consumer demands for ''healthful'' fats (i.e., lower saturates and higher monounsaturates). To this end, a survey of 418 corn hybrids and 98 corn inbreds grown in iowa was done to determine the fatty acid composition of readily-available, adapted, elite corn breeding materials. These materials are those used in commercial hybrid production. Eighty-seven hybrids grown in France (18 of which also were grown in iowa) were analyzed to determine environmental influence on fatty acid content. The parents of the hybrids and the inbreds were classified in one of four heterotic groups: Lancaster, Stiff Stalk, non-lancaster/non-Stiff Stalk, and Other. t-Tests and correlation analyses were performed with statistical significance accepted at a level of P less than or equal to 0.05. The findings showed a wide range of fatty acid profiles present in adapted, elite corn breeding materials with ranges for each fatty acid as follows. palmitic acid, 6.7-16.5%; palmitoleic acid, 0.0-1.2%; stearic acid, 0.7-6.6%; oleic acid, 16.2-43.8%; linoleic acid, 39.5-69.5%; linolenic acid, 0.0-3.7%; and arachidic acid, 0.0-1.0%. Small amounts of myristic acid, margaric acid, and gadoleic acid also were found. Three lines had total saturates of 9.1% or less. Thirty-six of the t-tests involving hybrids showed significant differences among heterotic groups. There were small but significant correlations among protein, starch and oil content and the amounts of several fatty acids. Results from the corn grown in France vs. iowa demonstrated a large environmental effect that overwhelmed the genetic differences among lines. This study shows that for some attributes, a breeding program involving adapted corn breeding materials might produce the desired oil. Other types of oil (such as high-oleic) would have to be produced in a different manner, for example, by a breeding program with exotic breeding materials. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. MBS INC,AMES,IA 50010. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 72 IS 9 BP 981 EP 987 DI 10.1007/BF02660709 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RU072 UT WOS:A1995RU07200002 ER PT J AU DUNLAP, FG WHITE, PJ POLLAK, LM AF DUNLAP, FG WHITE, PJ POLLAK, LM TI FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF OIL FROM EXOTIC CORN BREEDING MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CORN BREEDING MATERIALS; CORN OIL; FATTY ACID COMPOSITION; GENETIC DIFFERENCES; LATIN AMERICAN MAIZE PROJECT ID MAIZE; GERM AB The fatty acid composition of corn oil can be altered to meet consumer demand for ''healthful'' fats. The first step in altering the oils is to survey existing corn breeding materials for fatty acid composition. The Latin American Maize Project (LAMP), an international program designed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of maize accessions in Latin American and U.S. germplasm banks for future use, provides useful starting materials. LAMP was based on the cooperative efforts of 12 countries. In a two-stage evaluation, the project identified the highest-yielding open-pollinated top 20% of populations, then approximately the top 5% of those 20%. Twenty of the populations from four countries with temperate climates were randomly selected for fatty acid analysis. The populations were from United States, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. Fifty S-1 lines from each population were randomly chosen for analysis for a total of 1,000 genotypes sampled. Statistical differences in fatty acid composition were computed among the 20 populations and among the four countries. The findings showed a wide range of fatty acid profiles present in unadapted, elite corn breeding materials with ranges for each fatty acid as follows: palmitic acid, 6.3-18.2%; stearic acid, 0.9-4.5%; oleic acid, 18.5-46.1%; linoleic acid, 36.6-66.8%; linolenic acid, 0.0-2.0%; and arachidic acid, 0.0-1.4%. Several populations were significantly different from the others. Some lines had unusual fatty acid compositions, including one with 8.3% total saturates and another with 20.2% total saturates. This study shows that existing corn breeding materials could be used to produce high- and low-saturate oils, but other methods would probably be required to produce a high-oleic corn oil. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 72 IS 9 BP 989 EP 993 DI 10.1007/BF02660710 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RU072 UT WOS:A1995RU07200003 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE HAYES, D AF SONNET, PE HAYES, D TI CONFIGURATIONAL PURITY OF LESQUEROLIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE CONFIGURATION; H-1 NMR (OF DIASTEREOMERS); HPLC (OF DIASTEREOMERS); LESQUEROLIC ACID; RICINOLEIC ACID AB Conversion of the methyl ester of lesquerolic acid, (R)-14-hydroxy-Z-11-eicosenoic acid, to a carbamate with (S)-1-(1'-naphthyl)ethylisocyanate gave a single diastereomer. Comparisons of elution orders of the relevant diastereomers obtained from the racemic ester and from a sample of lesquerolic acid synthesized from ricinoleic acid, (R)-12-hydroxy-Z-9-octadecenoic acid, were consistent with the original assignment of (R)-configuration for the longer-chain acid. Although the configuration had not been in doubt, this work demonstrates the configurational purity of the lesquerolic acid. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1069 EP 1071 DI 10.1007/BF02660724 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RU072 UT WOS:A1995RU07200017 ER PT J AU RONNING, CM SCHNELL, RJ GAZIT, S AF RONNING, CM SCHNELL, RJ GAZIT, S TI USING RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS TO IDENTIFY ANNONA CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANNONA SQUAMOSA; A-CHERIMOLA; ATEMOYA; CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; CHERIMOYA; ISOZYMES AB The native American genus Annona contains many species that are cultivated for their edible fruit, including the custard apple (A. reticulata L.), soursop (A. mnricata L.), cherimoya (A. cherimola L.), sugar apple (A. squarnosa L.), and interspecific hybrids, the atemoyas. RAPD analysis of A. cherimola 'Campa' and 'Jete,'A. squamosa 'Lessard,' and the atemoyas 'Ubranitzki,' 'Malali,' and 'Kaspi' resulted in very distinctive patterns, indicating that RAPD markers, may be an efficient method of fingerprinting genotypes within and between Annona species. All 15 primers used generated repeatable, polymorphic patterns. An F-1 population of 'Jete' x 'Lessard' was analyzed to determine the inheritance of the RAPD banding patterns, Fifty-two polymorphic loci were identified, which segregated in an expected Mendelian fashion, C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RP RONNING, CM (reprint author), USDA,NATL CLONAL GERM PLASM REPOSITORY,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 120 IS 5 BP 726 EP 729 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN055 UT WOS:A1995RN05500005 ER PT J AU RYDER, EJ ROBINSON, BJ AF RYDER, EJ ROBINSON, BJ TI BIG-VEIN RESISTANCE IN LETTUCE - IDENTIFYING, SELECTING, AND TESTING RESISTANT CULTIVARS AND BREEDING LINES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LACTUCA SATIVA; OLPIDIUM BRASSICAE; LETTUCE MOSAIC VIRUS; PLANT INTRODUCTION ID DISEASE AB Screening for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L,) big-vein resistance in the F-2 generation is highly inefficient, Efficiency improves in the F-3 and following generations with continued inbreeding, Traits useful in ascertaining resistance are number of days to 50% of plants showing symptoms and percentage of plants showing symptoms at a given date, Breeding lines identified as resistant in greenhouse screening have proved resistant under field conditions. Forty-nine cultivars have been identified in preliminary testing as potentially resistant, Of these, 11 have been confirmed as resistant in greenhouse and field tests. RP RYDER, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES STN,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 120 IS 5 BP 741 EP 746 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN055 UT WOS:A1995RN05500008 ER PT J AU BRADEEN, JM HAVEY, MJ AF BRADEEN, JM HAVEY, MJ TI RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA IN BULB ONION AND ITS USE TO ASSESS INBRED INTEGRITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALLIUM CEPA; RAPD; UPGMA; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; GENETIC-LINKAGE; RAPD; MARKERS; GENOME AB Commercial bulb-onion (Allium cepa L.) growers often complain that hybrids they have grown successfully for a few years fail to perform at the expected level. Inbreds used to produce hybrid-onion seed rarely have been self-pollinated for more than two generations and retain a high level of heterozygosity. Over time, selection, drift, or contamination of inbreds may contribute to disappointing hybrid performance. We identified randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) between two inbred onion lines, demonstrated their Mendelian inheritance, and tried to distinguish among and examine changes in independently maintained, publicly released inbred lines of onion. We observed poor agreement between data sets based on genetically characterized and uncharacterized RAPD markers. Our analyses used only genetically characterized RAPD markers and revealed that contamination, in addition to drift and/or selection, likely contributed to differences among independently maintained, publicly released inbreds. However, RAPD markers were not able to distinguish confidently among four related inbreds. RAPD markers will be useful in Allium genetics and breeding, but identifying and characterizing reliable polymorphisms is critical. RP BRADEEN, JM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 120 IS 5 BP 752 EP 758 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN055 UT WOS:A1995RN05500010 ER PT J AU SPARKS, D YATES, IE AF SPARKS, D YATES, IE TI ANATOMY OF SHUCK ABSCISSION IN DESIRABLE PECAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA ILLINOINENSIS; DEHISCENCE; FRUIT MATURITY; MARKINGS; MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY; SHELL; SUTURE; VASCULAR SYSTEM AB Cellular changes associated with shuck dehiscence and markings deposited on pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh,) C, Koch] shells were examined by scanning electron and light microscopy, Fruit were sampled at three stages of maturity: 1) shuck and shell fused, 2) sutures separated (shuck opening), and 3) vascular system separated from shuck, Shuck dehiscence involved temporally regulated abscission events with shuck-shell, then shuck-suture, and finally shuck-vascular system separation, Abscission events occurred in a tissue zone common to and continuous among all three separation sites, even though segregated in time. Also, similar cell types and cellular changes were common to the three events, Thus, temporal segregation of abscission events was not due to differences in either tissue type or cellular modifications, but to maturation rate, Structures to become shell markings were single globules filling cells of the shuck inner tissue zone before shuck-shell separation, These globules were deposited on the shell at shuck-shell separation and were morphologically similar to deposits stuck to the dorsal shuck surface. Globules were partitioned differentially between the shuck and shell during shuck-shell separation. Thus, the inner zone of the shuck is an important tissue in pecan nut maturation; it functions as the site for dehiscence and provides markers for cultivar identification. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP SPARKS, D (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 120 IS 5 BP 790 EP 797 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN055 UT WOS:A1995RN05500016 ER PT J AU TEASDALE, JR ABDULBAKI, AA AF TEASDALE, JR ABDULBAKI, AA TI SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND TOMATO GROWTH-ASSOCIATED WITH BLACK POLYETHYLENE AND HAIRY VETCH MULCHES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM; VICIA VILLOSA; COVER CROP; RAISED BED; ROOT LENGTH ID PLASTIC MULCHES; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; ROOT-GROWTH AB Temperature and root length at selected locations within a raised bed under black polyethylene, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) residue, or bare soil were measured and correlated with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, Early in the season, before the tomato leaf canopy closed, soil temperature was influenced more by vertical depth in the bed than by horizontal position across the bed, Maximum soil temperatures under black polyethylene averaged 5.7 and 3.4C greater than those under hairy vetch at 5 and 15 cm deep, respectively, More hours at optimum temperatures for root growth (20 to 30C) during the first 4 weeks of the season probably accounted for greater early root and shoot growth and greater early yield of tomatoes grown with black polyethylene than hairy vetch residue or bare soil, After canopy closure, soil temperatures under tomato foliage within the row were reduced by an average of 5.2 and 2.2C at 5 and 15 cm deep, respectively, compared to those on the outer edge of the beds. Most tomato roots were in areas of the bed covered by the tomato canopy where temperatures in all treatments remained in the optimum 20 to 30C range almost continuously, Soil temperature, therefore, did not explain why tomato plants in the hairy vetch treatment had equal or higher total yields than the black polyethylene or unmulched treatments. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TEASDALE, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 120 IS 5 BP 848 EP 853 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN055 UT WOS:A1995RN05500026 ER PT J AU KELLY, TC LU, YC ABDULBAKI, AA TEASDALE, JR AF KELLY, TC LU, YC ABDULBAKI, AA TEASDALE, JR TI ECONOMICS OF A HAIRY VETCH MULCH SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; ORGANIC MULCH; BLACK POLYETHYLENE; VEGETABLE; MARKETING; RISK; SAFETY-FIRST; VICIA VILLOSA; LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM ID TILLAGE AB Concern for the environment has focussed attention on the need for environmentally sound, yet economically profitable, farming practices, A hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth.) organic mulch system for fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production provides environmental benefits by enhancing the soil and reducing the need for fertilizer and herbicide inputs and is more profitable than conventional practices, Tomato field trials over 3 years at the Beltsville (Md,) Agricultural Research Center compared the hairy vetch mulch system with black polyethylene mulch and bare ground (no mulch), Using partial budget analysis in a farm context, the hairy vetch mulch treatment was more profitable in all years under all market and yield adjustment scenarios. The vetch mulch system also was the preferred system for a risk-averse grower, according to a safety-first criterion. The combination of environmental benefits and the economic benefits to the grower make the hairy vetch mulch system an attractive alternative for producing fresh-market tomatoes in the Mid-Atlantic and parts of northeastern United States. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AREA RES CTR,SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AREA RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AREA RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 120 IS 5 BP 854 EP 860 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RN055 UT WOS:A1995RN05500027 ER PT J AU JONES, BL MARINAC, LA AF JONES, BL MARINAC, LA TI A COMPARISON OF BARLEY AND MALT POLYPEPTIDES THAT INHIBIT GREEN MALT ENDOPROTEINASES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; ENDOPROTEINASES; GERMINATION; MALT; MALTING QUALITY; PROTEINASE INHIBITORS AB The brewing quality of a wort is strongly affected by its amino acid/peptide/protein ratio, which in turn is determined by the endoproteinases active during malting and mashing. In addition to the multiple endoproteinases present in germinating barley and malt, we previously showed that inhibitors of these enzymes, which will affect the rate and extent of protein hydrolysis, occur in ungerminated barley. We are characterizing these inhibitors to determine how important they are to the malting and brewing processes. Contrary to reports by other researchers, this study demonstrates that similar inhibitors are also present in kilned malt, at levels about 2.5 times higher than those of barley. Both barley and malt contain two classes of inhibitors, I-a and I-b. We have now separated the I-a fractions (containing Low-molecular-weight, proteinaceous compounds) from barley and malt into multiple forms by ion exchange chromatography. The separated I-a fractions specifically inhibited the activities of particular electrophoretically separated green malt endoproteinases. All of the barley I-a fractions restricted the activities of the same green malt endoproteinases, as did all of those from malt. This probably indicates that all of the barley inhibitors are similar, and that the same is also true for the malt inhibitors. I-a fractions from barley suppressed only cysteine class proteinases, while those from malt inhibited a serine proteinase, in addition to the cysteine proteinases. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP JONES, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 53 IS 4 BP 160 EP 166 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TD901 UT WOS:A1995TD90100003 ER PT J AU BREGITZER, P WESENBERG, DM JONES, BL AF BREGITZER, P WESENBERG, DM JONES, BL TI EFFECT OF THE ANT-13 LOCUS (PROANTHOCYANIDIN-FREE) ON THE MALTING QUALITY AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF BARLEY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE BARLEY MUTANTS; BREEDING; HORDEUM VULGARE L; MALTING QUALITY AB Proanthocyanidin (ant)-free barley may be used to brew beer with excellent haze stability, but economically competitive ant-free malting cultivars adapted to the western United States have not been developed. Two experimental lines derived from a cross of ANT-13 517 and the cultivar Harrington that were initially selected as ant-free were observed to be segregating for the ant-free character in advanced generations. Reselections (sublines) from these lines were studied to determine the effect of the ant-free character on agronomic performance and malting quality. Ant-free and ant-containing (normal) sublines from the lines 85Y22 and 85Y27 were evaluated in replicated field trials at two locations in two years. The agronomic performance and malting quality of the normal sublines was competitive with Harrington, whereas the ant-free sublines were markedly poorer. However, the ant-free sublines were improved relative to the ANT-13 517 parent. These results indicated that the ant-free character derived from ANT-13 517 is negatively associated with significant determinants of commercial acceptability. Additional hybridization to malting cultivars may break these relationships, and allow the development of commercially acceptable ant-free malting cultivars adapted to the western United States. RP BREGITZER, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,POB 307,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 53 IS 4 BP 191 EP 193 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TD901 UT WOS:A1995TD90100008 ER PT J AU JONES, BL MARINAC, LA AF JONES, BL MARINAC, LA TI BARLEY LTP1 (PAPI) AND LTP2 - INHIBITORS OF GREEN MALT CYSTEINE ENDOPROTEINASES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID FINGER MILLET C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP JONES, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,501 WALNUT ST,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 53 IS 4 BP 194 EP 195 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TD901 UT WOS:A1995TD90100009 ER PT J AU DHIMAN, TR ZANTEN, KV SATTER, LD AF DHIMAN, TR ZANTEN, KV SATTER, LD TI EFFECT OF DIETARY-FAT SOURCE ON FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF COWS MILK SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE COW; MILK; FAT; PROTEIN; FATTY ACID; RUMEN; SOYA BEAN; PALM OIL; TALLOW ID LACTATING COWS; CALCIUM SALTS; DIGESTIBILITY; FERMENTATION; SOYBEANS; TALLOW; FEED AB Four multiparous ruminally canulated cows and four primiparous cows without a ruminal cannula were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to study the effect of dietary fat source on milk fatty acid composition. Cows were fed a diet containing 550 g lucerne silage and 450 g concentrate kg(-1) dietary DM. The four diets were control and fat supplementation (32 g fat kg(-1) diet DM) as roasted soya beans, calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (Megalac(R)), or hydrogenated tallow (Alifet(R)). Cows fed supplemental fat as roasted soya beans, Megalac(R), or Alifet(R) produced 33.8, 32.6, and 32.5 kg day(-1) of 3.5% FCM, respectively, compared with 31.6 kg day(-1) with no fat supplementation. Addition of fat decreased milk protein percentage. Milk fat percentage was increased with Megalac(R) and decreased with Alifet(R) feeding. Dietary fat decreased the proportion of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C14:0) in milk and increased the proportion of long-chain fatty acids (C16:0 and longer). Roasted soya beans were most effective in reducing C16:0 and increasing C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 acids in milk fat. Megalac(R) did not decrease milk C16:0 content, and neither Megalac(R) nor Alifet(R) affected C18:2 content. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food. Agric. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 69 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740690116 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RV163 UT WOS:A1995RV16300015 ER PT J AU MEANS, JE AF MEANS, JE TI THE BIOPAK SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR CALCULATING PLANT-COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Software Review RP MEANS, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI KNIVSTA PA APELSINVAGEN 47, S 741 00 KNIVSTA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 599 EP 600 DI 10.2307/3236359 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA TD404 UT WOS:A1995TD40400017 ER PT J AU PICCONE, ME RIEDER, E MASON, PW GRUBMAN, MJ AF PICCONE, ME RIEDER, E MASON, PW GRUBMAN, MJ TI THE FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS LEADER PROTEINASE GENE IS NOT REQUIRED FOR VIRAL REPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAND RNA VIRUSES; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; SERINE PROTEASES; INITIATION SITES; CLEAVAGE; POLYPROTEIN; TRANSLATION; HISTONE-H3; INVIVO; CELLS AB The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader (L) proteinase has only two known functions: (i) autocatalytic removal from the N terminus of the viral polyprotein and (ii) cleavage of the p220 subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex, which helps to shut off host protein synthesis. Cleavage of p220 appears to be important for picornavirus replication, since rhinoviruses end enteroviruses utilize a different proteinase (2A) to cleave p220. To explore the role of L in FMDV replication, we generated synthetic FMDV genomes lacking the L gene and tested their viability in cells. Genomes were constructed with the N-terminal Gly codon of VP4 positioned directly following either the first (Lab) or second (Lb) Met codon of the L protein. Cells transfected with synthetic RNAs lacking L and initiating with the Lab Met codon failed to produce viable virus, but cells transfected with RNAs that utilized the second AUG to drive translation of the viral polyprotein produced viable viruses. These leader-deleted viruses produced plaques on BHK cells that were slightly smaller than those produced by wild-type (WT) virus, grew to slightly lower titers than WT virus in BHK cells, shut off host protein synthesis more slowly than WT virus, and were slightly attenuated in mice. These studies indicate that the L proteinase is not essential for FMDV replication and show that in the cells and animals tested the L gene has a limited effect on virus replication. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 45 TC 95 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5376 EP 5382 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA RN986 UT WOS:A1995RN98600022 PM 7636982 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, TSC LUBROTH, J RIEDER, E BAXT, B MASON, PW AF MCKENNA, TSC LUBROTH, J RIEDER, E BAXT, B MASON, PW TI RECEPTOR-BINDING SITE-DELETED FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE (FMD) VIRUS PROTECTS CATTLE FROM FMD SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID ANTIGENIC VARIATION; CELL ATTACHMENT; PROTEINS AB Binding of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to cells requires an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence in the capsid protein VP1. We have genetically engineered an FMDV in which these three amino acids have been deleted, producing a virus particle which is unable to bind to cells. Cattle vaccinated with these receptor binding site-deleted virions were protected from disease when challenged with a virulent virus, demonstrating that these RGD deleted viruses could serve as the basis for fool-and-mouth disease vaccines safer than those currently in use. This strategy may prove useful in the development of vaccines for other viral diseases. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 21 TC 66 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5787 EP 5790 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA RN986 UT WOS:A1995RN98600069 PM 7637023 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Cranfield, MR Fayer, R AF Graczyk, TK Cranfield, MR Fayer, R TI A comparative assessment of direct fluorescence antibody, modified acid-fast stain, and sucrose flotation techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium serpentis oocysts in snake fecal specimens SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium serpentis; snake cryptosporidiosis; reptilian cryptosporidiosis; MERIFLUOR(TM) cryptosporidium/giardia test; Cryptosporidium sp ID PARVUM; FECES AB Modified acid-fast stain (Mod AFS) of a direct wet smear (DWS), unstained DWS (UDWS), and Sheather's sugar coverslip flotation (SSCF) techniques were compared with the commercial monoclonal antibody (MAb) test MERIFLUOR(TM) Cryptosporidium/Giardia for direct fluorescence detection of C, serpentis oocysts in feces from 40 snakes without clinical signs of infection. MERIFLUOR(TM) test detection sensitivities for purified C. serpentis and C, parvum oocysts were compared. The oocysts of C. serpentis and C. parvum showed the same intensity of fluorescence reaction (majority, 3+ to 4+). Sensitivity of the MERIFLUOR(TM) test was 100% for SSCF-derived material and 88% for DWS versus 45% for Mod AFS DWS, 35% for SSCF, and 21% for UDWS. The threshold of MAb detection(4.7 x 10(3) oocyst/ml), was the same for C. serpentis and C. parvum oocysts and was 16 times higher than the absolute sensitivity of the listed conventional techniques. Conventional techniques underestimated the number of C. serpentis oocysts by an average factor of 5.3 and produced false-negative results an average of 66% of the time. False negatives were 100% when the concentration of oocysts was <7.5 x 10(4)/ml. The range of concentration of fecal C. serpentis oocysts (0.4 x 10(3)/ml-1.4 x 10(5)/ml, (x) over bar = 5.0 x 10(4)/ml) was an average of three times lower than those reported for C. parvum from humans and other mammals. The MAb detection was more sensitive for C. serpentis oocysts than were conventional techniques, and it eliminated false-negative outcomes and the subjectivity associated with those methods. C1 BALTIMORE ZOO,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21217. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 26 IS 3 BP 396 EP 402 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UC464 UT WOS:A1995UC46400008 ER PT J AU LANE, MA BAER, DJ TILMONT, EM RUMPLER, WV INGRAM, DK ROTH, GS CUTLER, RG AF LANE, MA BAER, DJ TILMONT, EM RUMPLER, WV INGRAM, DK ROTH, GS CUTLER, RG TI ENERGY-BALANCE IN RHESUS-MONKEYS (MACACA-MULATTA) SUBJECTED TO LONG-TERM DIETARY RESTRICTION SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; AGE-RELATED DISEASE; FOOD RESTRICTION; METABOLIC-RATE; AGING PROCESS; FISCHER RATS; EXPENDITURE; LONGEVITY AB Male rhesus monkeys of various age groups representative of the species life span were fed ad libitum amounts (controls) or 30% less food than control monkeys of comparable age and body weight. Despite significantly lowered energy intake and body weight, the amount of energy lost in the feces, and fecal energy density (concentration) were trot altered in diet-restricted (DR) monkeys, compared to age- and weight-matched controls. Absolute energy expenditure (EE; 24-hr) was consistently lower in DR monkeys, but this trend was not statistically significant. Expressed as a function of metabolic mass (body weight, metabolic body size, lean mass), 24-hr EE was not different in monkeys subjected to long-term DR, compared to controls. Calculations of net energy (intake - loss), as an index of energy balance, revealed that Energy expenditure generally exceeded energy intake ill all juvenile and adult group monkeys. However, this discrepancy was not statistically different from zero, suggesting that most animals were in energy balance. Also, there was no difference between control and DR animals with respect to energy balance. Diet restriction induced significant reductions in the absolute amount of lean body mass; however, percent (of total weight) lean and fat mass did not differ from controls. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,PROT & ENERGY NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL INST HLTH ANIM CTR,PRIMATE UNIT,POOLESVILLE,MD. RP LANE, MA (reprint author), NIA,HOPKINS BAYVIEW MED CTR,GERONTOL RES CTR,MOLEC PHYSIOL & GENET SECT,4940 EASTERN AVE,BALTIMORE,MD 21224, USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP B295 EP B302 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA RY605 UT WOS:A1995RY60500008 PM 7671021 ER PT J AU YOO, J KAPPES, SM STONE, RT BEATTIE, CW AF YOO, J KAPPES, SM STONE, RT BEATTIE, CW TI LINKAGE ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT OF BOVINE GRANULOCYTE-COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR-RECEPTOR (G-CSFR) TO CHROMOSOME-3 SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Note ID CELLS RP YOO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166 CLAY CTR,OMAHA,NE 68933, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD SEP PY 1995 VL 6 IS 9 BP 686 EP 687 DI 10.1007/BF00352388 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA RU971 UT WOS:A1995RU97100030 PM 8535089 ER PT J AU COOK, GM KEARNS, DB RUSSELL, JB REIZER, J SAIER, MH AF COOK, GM KEARNS, DB RUSSELL, JB REIZER, J SAIER, MH TI REGULATION OF THE LACTOSE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM OF STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS BY GLUCOSE - INDEPENDENCE OF INDUCER EXCLUSION AND EXPULSION MECHANISMS SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; LACTOSE TRANSPORT; STREPTOCOCCUS BOVIS; RUMEN; INDUCER EXCLUSION AND EXPULSION ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; RUMINAL BACTERIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SERYL RESIDUE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE; PHOSPHORYLATION; TRANSPORT; ATP; HPR AB Streptococcus bovis had a diauxic pattern of glucose and lactose utilization, and both of these sugars were transported by the sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). Lactose catabolism was inducible, and S. bovis used the tagatose pathway to ferment lactose. Since a mutant that was deficient in glucose PTS activity transported lactose as fast as the wild-type, it appeared that S. bovis has separate enzyme Ils for glucose and lactose. The nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) was a noncompetitive inhibitor of methyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (TMC) transport, and cells that were provided with either glucose or 2-DG were unable to transport TMC or lactose. Because the glucose-PTS-deficient mutant could ferment glucose, but could not exclude TMC, it appeared that enzyme IIGlc rather than glucose catabolism per se was the critical feature of inducer exclusion. Cells that had accumulated TMG as TMG 6-phosphate expelled free TMC when glucose was added, but 2-DG was unable to cause TMG expulsion. The glucose-PTS-deficient mutant could still expel TMG in the presence of exogenous glucose. Membrane vesicles also exhibited glucose-dependent TMC exclusion and TMG expulsion. Membrane vesicles that were electroporated with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and HPr retained TMG for more than 3 min, but vesicles that were electroporated with PEP plus HPr and fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) (or glycerate 2-phosphate) lost their ability to retain TMG. Because FDP was able to trigger the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of HPr, it appeared that inducer expulsion was mediated by an FDP-activated protein kinase. This conclusion was further supported by the observation that mutant forms of HPr differed in their ability to faciliate inducer expulsion. S46DHPr, a mutant HPr with aspartate substituted for serine at position 46, promoted TMG expulsion from membrane vesicles in the absence of FDP better than wild-type HPr or S46AHPr, a mutant form with alanine substituted for serine at position 46. Based on these results, it appeared that glucose catabolism was needed for inducer expulsion, but not inducer exclusion. C1 CORNELL UNIV, MICROBIOL SECT, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. RI Cook, Gregory/E-5665-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5RO1 AI21702, 2RO1 AI14176] NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 1995 VL 141 BP 2261 EP 2269 PN 9 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RW652 UT WOS:A1995RW65200030 PM 7496538 ER PT J AU BOURSAUXEUDE, C SAINTGIRONS, I ZUERNER, R AF BOURSAUXEUDE, C SAINTGIRONS, I ZUERNER, R TI IS1500, AN IS3-LIKE ELEMENT FROM LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE INSERTION SEQUENCE; LEPTOSPIRA; IS3-LIKE ID BACTERIAL INSERTION SEQUENCE-IS911; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HARDJO-BOVIS; SEROVAR IDENTIFICATION; DNA; IS3; GENOME; TRANSPOSITION; CHROMOSOMES AB Copies of an insertion-sequence (IS)-like element were isolated from two closely related serovars of Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto, Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 1236 bp element showed a characteristic IS structure with terminal imperfect inverted repeats (IRs) flanking a 1159 bp central region, This element was designated IS1500. Four open reading frames (orfA-orfD) were found in the central 'unique' region of IS1500, Similarities were detected between ORFA and ORFB and the putative transposases from members of the IS3 family of transposable elements. IS1500 or IS1500-like sequences were also detected in all other pathogenic leptospiral serovars, but not in the saprophytic species L. biflexa. Differences in IS1500 copy numbers in members of the same species suggest that this element can transpose. Physical mapping of IS1500 insertions in L. interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona showed insertions were only on the large chromosomal replicon, The location of some IS1500 insertions coincides with regions of the genome that have undergone large rearrangements. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. INST PASTEUR,UNITE BACTERIOL MOLEC & MED,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiol.-UK PD SEP PY 1995 VL 141 BP 2165 EP 2173 PN 9 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RW652 UT WOS:A1995RW65200019 PM 7496528 ER PT J AU GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M LIN, JT STAFFORD, AE MAKAPUGAY, MI MCKEON, TA FULLER, G AF GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M LIN, JT STAFFORD, AE MAKAPUGAY, MI MCKEON, TA FULLER, G TI NOVEL NEUROSPORA-CRASSA MUTANTS WITH ALTERED SYNTHESIS OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE NEUROSPORA CRASSA; FATTY ACID DESATURATION; LIPIDS; POLYUNSATURATES ID DESATURATION; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; COMPENSATION; CHOLINE AB Five new mutants of Neurospora crassa that require supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids have been isolated. The mutants, designated pfa, are impaired in the synthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids alpha-linoleic or alpha-linolenic acid, but are able to synthesize oleic acid. The pfa mutants are thus distinct from previously described ufa mutants, which are unable to synthesize oleic acid. The five pfa mutants map to distinct loci, and have characteristic patterns of incorporation of [C-14]acetate and [C-14]oleate into their fatty acids. RP GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiol.-UK PD SEP PY 1995 VL 141 BP 2307 EP 2314 PN 9 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RW652 UT WOS:A1995RW65200036 ER PT J AU GYGI, D RAHMAN, MM LAI, HC CARLSON, R GUARDPETTER, J HUGHES, C AF GYGI, D RAHMAN, MM LAI, HC CARLSON, R GUARDPETTER, J HUGHES, C TI A CELL-SURFACE POLYSACCHARIDE THAT FACILITATES RAPID POPULATION MIGRATION BY DIFFERENTIATED SWARM CELLS OF PROTEUS-MIRABILIS SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; DNA-SEQUENCE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; GENES; EXPRESSION; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; DEHYDROGENASE AB Swarming by Proteus mirabilis is characterized by cycles of rapid population migration across surfaces, following differentiation of typical vegetative rods into long, hyperflagellated, virulent swarm cells. A swarm-defective TnphoA insertion mutant was isolated that was not defective in cell motility, differentiation or control of the migration cycle, but was specifically impaired in the ability to undergo surface translocation as a multicellular mass. The mutation, previously shown to compromise urinary tract virulence, was located within a 1112 bp gene that restored normal swarming of the mutant when expressed in trans. The gene encoded a 40.6 kDa protein that is related to putative sugar transferases required for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core modification in Shigella and Salmonella, The immediately distal open reading frame encoded a protein that is related to dehydrogenases involved in the synthesis of LPS O-side-chains, enterobacterial common antigen and extracellular polysaccharide (PS), Gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy showed that the mutant still made LPS but it had lost the ability to assemble a surface (capsular) PS, which gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry indicated to be an acidic type II molecule rich in galacturonic acid and galactosamine. We suggest that this surface PS facilitates translocation of differentiated cell populations by reducing surface friction. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PATHOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1QP,ENGLAND. UNIV GEORGIA,COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 37 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1167 EP 1175 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17061167.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA TB451 UT WOS:A1995TB45100014 PM 8594335 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, J KAMO, KK AF HAMMOND, J KAMO, KK TI EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE TO POTYVIRUS INFECTION CONFERRED BY EXPRESSION OF ANTISENSE RNA IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE ID VIRUS COAT PROTEIN; MOSAIC-VIRUS; COMPLEMENTARY RNA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MEDIATED RESISTANCE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; TOBACCO; GENE; PROTECTION; REPLICATION AB Approximately 660 nt including the carboxy-terminal portion of the bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV) coat protein gene, complete 3' noncoding sequence and a short poly(A) tract were introduced to produce antisense RNA in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana, Original (R(0)) transformants were selfed, and homozygous second generation (R(2)) populations challenged with infected sap, purified virus, or viral RNA, One transgenic line of 10 examined was extremely resistant to infection by mechanical inoculation of 100 mu g/ml BYMV or 50 mu g/ml BYMV RNA (the highest concentrations tested); no virus could be detected in inoculated leaves of this line, Nine other lines were systemically infected when inoculated with BYMV or BYMV RNA, with initial symptoms indistinguishable from those in nontransgenic plants, One of these lines subsequently developed reduced symptoms and then symptomless, virus-free leaves (complete recovery from BYMV infection), while other lines produced leaves with reduced symptoms and reduced virus titer compared to the controls (partial recovery), No transgenic lines had resistance to infection, nor recovery from symptom expression, following inoculation with pepper mottle or turnip mosaic potyviruses, Antisense RNA from 3' regulatory regions can confer multiple degrees of resistance to potyviruses, including extreme resistance to infection, presumably by interference in virus replication. RP HAMMOND, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 674 EP 682 DI 10.1094/MPMI-8-0674 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TB002 UT WOS:A1995TB00200005 PM 7579613 ER PT J AU ODONNELL, K GRAY, LE AF ODONNELL, K GRAY, LE TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SOYBEAN SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME PATHOGEN FUSARIUM-SOLANI F SP PHASEOLI INFERRED FROM RDNA SEQUENCE DATA AND PCR PRIMERS FOR ITS IDENTIFICATION SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; PHASEOLUS VULGARIS; NECTRIA HAEMATOCOCCA; NEOCOSMOSPORA VASINFECTA; SPECIES CONCEPTS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; FUNGI; AMPLIFICATION; SPACERS AB Phylogenetic relationships of several species within the Fusarium solani-complex were investigated using characters from the nuclear ribosomal DNA, Genetic variation within 24 isolates, including 5 soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) strains, was assessed using rDNA sequence data and restriction fragment length polymorphic markers, By these techniques, the causal agent of soybean SDS was identified as F. solani f. sp, phaseoli, In separate cladistic analyses, Plectosphaerella cucumerina and Nectria cinnabarina or F. ventricosum were used for rooting purposes, Monophyly of the F. solani-complex was strongly supported by bootstrap and decay analyses, Parsimony analysis indicates that this complex is composed of a number of phylogenetically distinct species, including Neocosmospora vasinfecta, F. solani f. sp, phaseoli, and biological species designated as MPI, MPV, and MPVI of N. haematococca. The results demonstrate complete congruence between biological and phylogenetic species within the N. haematococca-complex. In addition, DNA sequence data were used to design a PCR primer pair which could specifically amplify DNA from isolates of the SDS pathogen from infected plants. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP ODONNELL, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 47 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 709 EP 716 DI 10.1094/MPMI-8-0709 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TB002 UT WOS:A1995TB00200009 PM 7579615 ER PT J AU TALBOT, NC POWELL, AM REXROAD, CE AF TALBOT, NC POWELL, AM REXROAD, CE TI IN-VITRO PLURIPOTENCY OF EPIBLASTS DERIVED FROM BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; BLASTOCYST; CULTURE; EPIBLAST; DIFFERENTIATION; IVMFC ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR RECEPTOR; MOUSE EMBRYOS; FEEDER CELLS; ES CELLS; INVITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA AB Two experiments were conducted to compare the utility of in vitro- and in vivo-derived bovine blastocysts for the isolation of pluripotent epiblasts. In experiment 1, the inner cell masses (ICMs) of in vivo-collected blastocysts yielded a higher proportion of epiblasts after culture on STO feeder cells than ICMs from in vitro-produced blastocysts (P = .0157). In experiment 2, ICMs of in vivo-collected blastocysts that hatched on day 8 yielded a greater proportion of epiblasts after culture on STO feeder cells than ICMs from in vitro-produced blastocysts that hatched on day 8. The difference was reversed but smaller for blastocysts that hatched on day 9 (Interaction, P = .0125). Epiblasts from blastocysts that hatched on day 8 regardless of their source generated more differentiated cell lines in extended culture than did blastocysts that hatched on day 9. Extended epiblast culture yielded cells identifiable as products of the three embryonic germ layers that included epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neuronal cells, hepatocyte-like cells, and macrophage-like cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity combined with cell morphology identified the bovine epiblast cells and distinguished them from trophectoderm and endoderm that frequently contaminated epiblast cell cultures. In vivo-derived blastocysts, especially from early-hatching blastocysts, were a superior source of pluripotent epiblasts. Epiblast cells in this study all differentiated or senesced indicating that standard conditions for mouse embryonic stem cell culture do not maintain bovine epiblast cells in an undifferentiated state. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 63 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 42 IS 1 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.1002/mrd.1080420106 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA RR817 UT WOS:A1995RR81700005 PM 8562049 ER PT J AU NELSON, EE THIES, WG MCWILLIAMS, MG AF NELSON, EE THIES, WG MCWILLIAMS, MG TI TRICHODERMA SPP FROM ROOTS OF FUMIGATED DOUGLAS-FIR TREES INFECTED WITH PHELLINUS-WEIRII SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPICRIN; FUMIGANTS; METHYLISOTHIOCYANATE; PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII; TRICHODERMA; VORTEX ID CHLOROPICRIN; VORLEX; METHYLISOTHIOCYANATE; STUMPS AB Seven species of Trichoderma were isolated from roots of 104 live Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees infected with laminated root rot caused by Phellinus weirii. The trees were treated 10 years earlier with one of three fumigants: Vorlex, methylisothiocyanate, or chioropicrin. Sample chips from root sections appearing to be stained or decayed by P. weirii were plated on malt agar. Most (73%) of the Trichoderma spp. isolated were T. viride. Though not tested statistically, Trichoderma spp. were isolated more often from fumigated trees than from nonfumigated trees. In root sections of nonfumigated trees, Trichoderma spp. were isolated significantly less often where P. weirii was viable than where it was not. RP NELSON, EE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 639 EP 642 DI 10.2307/3760807 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TD679 UT WOS:A1995TD67900008 ER PT J AU BANIK, MT PAUL, JA BURDSALL, HH AF BANIK, MT PAUL, JA BURDSALL, HH TI IDENTIFICATION OF ARMILLARIA SPECIES FROM WISCONSIN AND ADJACENT AREAS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ARMILLARIA; ASPEN; BASIDIOMATA; MICHIGAN; MINNESOTA; WISCONSIN ID NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-YORK; MELLEA; OSTOYAE AB Single-spore isolates from 218 basidiomata of Armillaria from Wisconsin, the upper peninsula of Michigan, and eastern Minnesota were identified to species by pairing with known haploid testers: Collections were made from 25 different host species and were identified as A. ostoyae, A. gallica, A. calvescens, A. mellea, or A. sinapina. The most frequently collected species were A. ostoyae and A. gallica. Within the sampling area, A. ostoyae and A. sinapina were collected only in the northern portions, and A. mellea was collected predominantly in the southern portions. Armillaria gallica and A. calvescens were collected throughout the area. Armillaria sinapina and A. ostoyae basidiomata were found equally on gymnosperms and angiosperms, whereas the other three species were collected predominantly from angiosperms. In addition to the basidiomata collections, 71 cultures of Armillaria were isolated from roots and rhizomorphs in seven 10- to 20-year-old quaking aspen stands in northern Wisconsin. These were subsequently identified by pairing with known haploid testers; A. sinapina and A. ostoyae were recovered most often, whereas A. gallica was isolated less frequently. In comparison with the other species, A. ostoyae was more frequently isolated from lesions on otherwise healthy roots and from roots of recently killed trees. On this basis, A. ostoyae appeared to be more pathogenic on aspen than either A. sinapina or A. gallica. RP BANIK, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.2307/3760816 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TD679 UT WOS:A1995TD67900017 ER PT J AU DUGAN, FM ROBERTS, RG HANLIN, RT AF DUGAN, FM ROBERTS, RG HANLIN, RT TI NEW AND RARE FUNGI FROM CHERRY FRUITS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CAPRONIA HYSTRIOIDES; CLADOSPORIUM MALORUM; C-POROPHORUM; LEPTODISCELLA AFRICANA; PHAEORAMULARIA HACHIJOENSIS; PRUNUS AVIUM; SPORORMIA; SPORORMIELLA SUBTICINENSIS ID HERPOTRICHIELLACEAE AB Capronia hystrioides sp. nov. (anamorph Phaeoramularia hachijoensis) was isolated from cherry fruit. Also isolated were Sporormiella subticinensis comb. nov., Leptodiscella africana, and Cladosporium malorum, a synonym of C. porophorum. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.2307/3760817 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TD679 UT WOS:A1995TD67900018 ER PT J AU MISCHKE, S MISCHKE, CF ADAMS, PB AF MISCHKE, S MISCHKE, CF ADAMS, PB TI A RIND-ASSOCIATED FACTOR FROM SCLEROTIA OF SCLEROTINIA MINOR STIMULATES GERMINATION OF A MYCOPARASITE SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPORIDESMIUM-SCLEROTIVORUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LETTUCE DROP; FUNGI; SOIL AB Compounds that specifically stimulate germination of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum macroconidia have been isolated from the melanized outer layer of Sclerotinia mirror sclerotia. The compound is a small hydrophobic molecule that is able to pass through a 3000 Da filter and is heat-labile in water. Three fractions were resolved using reversed-phase hplc. The component with presumed biological activity in soil is sparingly soluble in water. It has been given the trivial name 'sporigermin'. This is the first report describing the isolation of a compound from a host fungus that acts as a specific signal to stimulate germination of a mycoparasitic fungus. C1 USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MISCHKE, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 99 BP 1063 EP 1070 PN 9 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RX674 UT WOS:A1995RX67400007 ER PT J AU SUNG, SJS WHITE, LM MARX, DH OTROSINA, WJ AF SUNG, SJS WHITE, LM MARX, DH OTROSINA, WJ TI SEASONAL ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT ON LOBLOLLY-PINE (PINUS-TAEDA L) SEEDLINGS SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE ERGOSTEROL; LOBLOLLY PINE; SEASONAL; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL BIOMASS ID MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT; ERGOSTEROL CONTENT; CARBON BALANCE; SOIL; GROWTH; QUANTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOSPHORUS; NUTRITION; NITROGEN AB Ergosterol, a membrane sterol found in fungi but not in plants, was used to estimate live mycelial biomass in ectomycorrhizae. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds were sown in April 1993 and grown with standard nursery culture practices. Correlations between total seedling ergosterol and visual assessment of mycorrhizal colonization were high during July and August but low as ectomycorrhizal development continued into the growing season. Percentages of mycelial dry weight over lateral roots decreased from 9% in July to 2.5% in November because seedling lateral root dry weight accumulated faster than mycelial dry weight. Total ergosterol per seedling increased from July through February. As lateral root dry weight ceased to increase during winter months, ectomycorrhizal mycelia became the major carbohydrate sink of pine seedlings. No distinctive seasonal pattern of soil ergosterol content was observed. The impact of ectomycorrhizal fungi on plant carbohydrate source-sink dynamics can be quantitatively estimated with ergosterol analysis but not with conventional visual determination. RP SUNG, SJS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,FOREST SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD SEP PY 1995 VL 5 IS 6 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s005720050094 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TB506 UT WOS:A1995TB50600009 ER PT J AU ROSE, D SMALLWOOD, D BLAYLOCK, J AF ROSE, D SMALLWOOD, D BLAYLOCK, J TI SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IRON INTAKE OF PRESCHOOLERS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE IRON; DIETS; CHILDREN; WIG; FOOD STAMPS; CSFII ID DIETARY-INTAKE; DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; ANEMIA; INCOME AB This study investigated household income, food program participation, and diet awareness and attitudes of the household meal planner as predictors of dietary iron intake of preschoolers in the United States. Non-breastfeeding children, 1 to 5 years of age, with 3 days of dietary data from the 1989-91 Continuing Survey of Food Intake of Individuals were included in this sample (N=800). Two measures of intake were analyzed: a nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), defined as iron intake divided by the RDA; and an index of nutritional quality (INQ), or diet density measure, which is the ratio of iron NAR to energy NAR. Data from the concurrent Diet and Health Knowledge Survey were used to create indicator variables for meal planners who were aware of anemia as a health problem related to iron intake and who felt it was important to choose a diet with plenty of grain products. After controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, household size, region, and urbanization, multi-variate regression analyses revealed that household income and participation in the WIC food program were positively associated with both iron intake measures. Participation in the Food Stamp program was positively associated with the iron NAR, but not the INQ. Although anemia awareness was not a significant predictor of intake, children from households whose main meal planners had a positive attitude about the importance of grains, consumed more iron as measured by either index. The findings suggest that dietary iron intakes of preschoolers continue to be affected by economic factors and that food transfer and/or educational interventions may be useful in improving these intakes. RP ROSE, D (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,ROOM 1112,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1297 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/0271-5317(95)02005-G PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RQ867 UT WOS:A1995RQ86700005 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, KH GODIN, DV AF THOMPSON, KH GODIN, DV TI MICRONUTRIENTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETES SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE DIABETES MELLITUS; MICRONUTRIENT; ZINC; ASCORBIC ACID; VITAMIN-E; ANTIOXIDANT ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; DIETARY VITAMIN-E; MODELING CORTICAL CATARACTOGENESIS; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY; TISSUE-DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; ASCORBIC-ACID METABOLISM; BLOOD-GLUCOSE CONTROL; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; FREE-RADICALS AB Evidence for changes in trace mineral and vitamin metabolism as a consequence of diabetes pathophysiology is reviewed. Emphasis is on those micronutrients which have a recognized antioxidant or prooxidant function in vivo, with consideration of the relevance of these changes to current hypotheses regarding the onset of secondary complications in the progression of diabetes. Prospects for re-defining micronutrient requirements specific to diabetic individuals are discussed. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,FAC MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & THERAPEUT,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z3,CANADA. RP THOMPSON, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 273 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1377 EP 1410 DI 10.1016/0271-5317(95)02012-K PG 34 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RQ867 UT WOS:A1995RQ86700012 ER PT J AU TUCKER, K AF TUCKER, K TI MICRONUTRIENT STATUS AND AGING SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE SECRETION; VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ELDERLY POPULATION; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; ASCORBIC-ACID; SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY; PEOPLE; MACROCYTOSIS C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP TUCKER, K (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 53 IS 9 SU S BP S9 EP S15 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TE569 UT WOS:A1995TE56900003 PM 8577418 ER PT J AU GRINKER, JA TUCKER, K VOKONAS, PS RUSH, D AF GRINKER, JA TUCKER, K VOKONAS, PS RUSH, D TI BODY HABITUS CHANGES AMONG ADULT MALES FROM THE NORMATIVE AGING STUDY - RELATIONS TO AGING, SMOKING HISTORY AND ALCOHOL INTAKE SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE (BMI) BODY MASS INDEX; FAT PATTERNS; WEIGHT; SECULAR CHANGES ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; FAT DISTRIBUTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DIETARY-INTAKE; MASS INDEX; WEIGHT; MEN; ASSOCIATIONS; CONSUMPTION AB The Normative Aging Study (NAS) recruited 2280 Boston area healthy males aged 21 to 80 in 1961 through 1970, Clinical exams have continued at 3- to 5-year intervals, Obesity was not an exclusion criterion, Stability in weight and body habitus among 867 adult participants in the NAS was evaluated at 5- and 15-year follow-ups. At study entry, age was linearly related to central adiposity [abdominal circumference (AC) and ratio of AC/Hip Breadth (HB)] throughout the entire age range (30 to 78 years) and linearly and quadratically related to weight (WT) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) with maximal values at age 50, Over 15 years, changes in adiposity were strongly related to age; the greatest increases were among those initially 30 to 44 years of age with decrements in several adiposity measures (BMI, AC) only among the oldest subjects (60+ at entry); significant quadratic effects of age for BMI (p<.001), WT (p<.02) and AC (p<.01), There were major secular differences; men born later were heavier and fatter at the same ages as men born earlier, Men who gained (>1 BMI) were younger while men who lost (>1 BMI) had greater initial central adiposity than others, Smoking cessation was independently associated with increments in both central and peripheral adiposity, Moderate alcohol intake was associated with lower gains in AC/HB ratios at 15 years compared with little or high consumption, In general, aging was associated with trends towards central adiposity which tended to plateau or decrease at the oldest ages. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. DEPT VET AFFAIRS,OUTPATIENT CLIN,BOSTON,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,PREVENT MED & EPIDEMIOL SECT,BOSTON,MA 02118. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,EVANS MEM DEPT CLIN RES,BOSTON,MA 02118. RP GRINKER, JA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 45 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 3 IS 5 BP 435 EP 446 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RV947 UT WOS:A1995RV94700004 PM 8521163 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, SB AF ROBERTS, SB TI ABNORMALITIES OF ENERGY-EXPENDITURE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Prevention of Obesity - Populations at Risk, Etiologic Factors and Intervention Strategies CY SEP 22-24, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP US Japan Cooperat Med Sci Program, US Japan Maltnutr Panel, NIDDKD, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, Obes Eating Disorders & Energy Regulat Progr, am, NIDDKD, Off Res Minor Hlth, NCI, NHLBI, NIA, NICHHD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Indian Hlth Serv, Int Life Sci Inst DE OBESITY; ENERGY METABOLISM; ENERGY INTAKE; EXERCISE; BODY FAT ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; BODY-WEIGHT; DIET COMPOSITION; OVERWEIGHT MEN; CALORIC-INTAKE; YOUNG MEN; FAT; WOMEN; EXERCISE; HUMANS AB The role of energy expenditure in the development of obesity remains unclear, This issue is examined using data from prospective studies of energy expenditure and obesity,the effects of overfeeding and diet composition on energy expenditure, and studies of the relationship between energy expenditure for physical activity and body composition, The combined results from these investigations strongly support the view that low energy expenditure can facilitate rapid weight gain in susceptible individuals. It is speculated that, in susceptible individuals,low energy expenditure for resting energy expenditure as well as physical activity are part of a range of mechanisms available for providing surplus energy for rapid weight gain, In addition, both cross-sectional and intervention studies indicate that there is an equilibration between the level of energy expenditure for physical activity and body fat content, While genetic and other factors clearly play an important role in this relationship,it appears that a modest reduction in body fat content can be achieved by increasing energy expenditure for physical activity in physical exercise programs. RP ROBERTS, SB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ENERGY METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 3 SU 2 BP S155 EP S163 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RZ535 UT WOS:A1995RZ53500010 PM 8581771 ER PT J AU SAWAYA, AL DALLAL, G SOLYMOS, G DESOUSA, MH VENTURA, ML ROBERTS, SB SIGULEM, DM AF SAWAYA, AL DALLAL, G SOLYMOS, G DESOUSA, MH VENTURA, ML ROBERTS, SB SIGULEM, DM TI OBESITY AND MALNUTRITION IN A SHANTYTOWN POPULATION IN THE CITY OF SAO-PAULO, BRAZIL SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Prevention of Obesity - Populations at Risk, Etiologic Factors and Intervention Strategies CY SEP 22-24, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP US Japan Cooperat Med Sci Program, US Japan Maltnutr Panel, NIDDKD, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, Obes Eating Disorders & Energy Regulat Progr, am, NIDDKD, Off Res Minor Hlth, NCI, NHLBI, NIA, NICHHD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Indian Hlth Serv, Int Life Sci Inst DE MALNUTRITION; OBESITY; ENERGY AB To investigate the prevalence of obesity and malnutrition in the poor Brazilian population we conducted a the socioeconomic and nutritional status of 535 families (comprising 2 411 individuals) living in shanty towns in the city of Sao Paulo, There was a 30% prevalence of malnutrition in the children, with chronic malnutrition as the most predominant problem. The prevalence of obesity was 6.4% in boys and 8.7% in girls, Overweight and obesity associated with stunting was found in 5.8% of boys and 6.8% girls. Adolescents showed a higher prevalence of malnutrition when weight-for-age distribution was used (boys 46.4%, girls 40.2%), but a right deviation in the distribution was observed with an increase in obesity and a decrease of malnutrition was observed (obesity was 21% in girls and 8.8% in boys; malnutrition was 15.5% in boys and 12.6% in girls) when the weight-for-height adjustment was made, Stunting was the most predominant type of malnutrition in both sexes, Obesity associated with stunting was more common than obesity without stunting, both in younger children and adolescents, Adults had a higher prevalence of obesity than malnutrition according to both the Metropolitan Life Insurance tables (1.7% of under nutrition, 16.7% of overweight,and 14.1% of obesity) and Body Mass Index (8.5% of undernutrition, 21.9% of overweight,and 14.6% of obesity), There was an increase in the percentage of obese children when at least one adult in the family was obese and an increased percentage of malnourished children when undernourished adults were present in the family, Obesity among the adults of the family decreased the occurrence of malnutrition among the children, In 9% of families there was a coexistence of obesity in the adults and malnutrition in the children, These results demonstrate a coexistence of malnutrition and obesity in poor urban Brazilian communities. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT FISIOL,BR-04023900 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,BROMATOL LAB,BR-04023900 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RI Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 17 TC 57 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 3 SU 2 BP S107 EP S115 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RZ535 UT WOS:A1995RZ53500005 PM 8581766 ER PT J AU Myers, MJ Farrell, DE EvockClover, CM Cope, CV Henderson, M Steele, NC AF Myers, MJ Farrell, DE EvockClover, CM Cope, CV Henderson, M Steele, NC TI Effect of recombinant growth hormone and chromium picolinate on cytokine production and growth performance in swine SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone, recombinant porcine; cytokine production; chromium picolinate ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; FACTOR-ALPHA; PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; SERUM; INTERLEUKIN-1; LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; ENDOTOXIN; PIGS AB The effect of dietary chromium picolinate (CrP) and recombinant porcine growth hormone, somatotropin (rPST) administration on growth performance and cytokine production in Landrace-Poland China gilts was determined using a 2 by 2 treatment array. Treatments were: (I) control (basal diet), (2) CrP-supplemented diet (basal diet + 300 mu g Cr3+/kg diet as CrP), (3) rPST (100 pg/kg body weight/day), and (4) rPST + CrP. CrP-supplemented diets were fed beginning at 20 kg body weight through 90 kg. Administration of rPST was begun at 60 kg weight and continued through 90 kg. All rPST treated pigs demonstrated improvements in growth performance versus controls. Pigs given CrP-supplemented diets showed no differences in growth performance. At 90 kg, pigs were challenged with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, 0.2 mu g/kg i.v.). Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3 h postchallenge. Plasma IL-6 levels increased from 23 U/ml at time 0 to 1,927 U/ml at 3 h for control swine. Swine from the CrP treatment group had IL-6 levels of 8,130 U/ml at 3 h post-LPS. There were no differences in plasma IL-6 from pigs in the rPST and rPST + CrP treatment groups compared to the controls. Endotoxin challenge had no effect on either blood glucose levels or induction of TNF-alpha in any treatment group. PBMC from CrP-treated animals produced more IL-2 than peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all other groups. C1 USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Myers, MJ (reprint author), US FDA,ANIM BIOL BRANCH,CTR VET MED,CENTER RD,BLDG 328A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 63 IS 5 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1159/000163962 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA UJ890 UT WOS:A1995UJ89000007 PM 8724211 ER PT J AU KARNS, JS AHRENS, EH DAVEY, RB SHELTON, DR AF KARNS, JS AHRENS, EH DAVEY, RB SHELTON, DR TI MANAGEMENT OF MICROBIAL PROCESSES IN CATTLE-DIPPING VATS CONTAINING COUMAPHOS SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIODEGRADATION; PESTICIDE WASTE; WASTE MINIMIZATION; TICKS; POTASAN; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION ID DEGRADATION; DIP AB The organophosphate veterinary insecticide coumaphos [O-3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate] is used by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture in its program designed to prevent re-entry of the southern cattle tick (Boophilus microplus Can.) and the cattle tick (B, annulatus Say) into the United States from Mexico. Large amounts of waste acaricide are generated annually in this program. One event that triggers disposal of coumaphos dips is the accumulation of potasan [O,O-diethyl O-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl phosphorothioate]. This process was shown to occur under anaerobic conditions and to be inhibited by mercury ions, indicating that anaerobic micro-organisms were responsible for a reductive dechlorination. Maintaining coumaphos suspensions at pH < 7 prevented the reductive dechlorination of coumaphos and left a suspension that was amenable to disposal by biodegradation. A field trial on an 11000-litre capacity coumaphos dipping vat demonstrated the applicability of using acid to extend the life of coumaphos solutions and of biodegradation for the disposal of spent material. C1 USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,MISSION,TX 78572. USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KARNS, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BLDG 050 BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1002/ps.2780450103 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA RV204 UT WOS:A1995RV20400002 ER PT J AU HELLING, CS DOHERTY, MA AF HELLING, CS DOHERTY, MA TI IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF IMAZAPYR IN SOIL SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IMAZAPYR; SOIL ANALYSIS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HPLC ID REGROWTH AB A method for the analysis of imazapyr [2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid] residues in tropical and temperate soils was developed. Imazapyr residues, extracted from soil with ammonium hydrogen carbonate and cleaned-up by centrifuging, anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE), pH adjustment, and C-18 SPE, were determined by HPLC. Recoveries from soils from Hawaii (Halii sandy clay loam), Texas (Houston Black clay), and Maryland (Codorus loam), USA, fortified with imazapyr (0-5 mu g g(-1) soil) and equilibrated for 12-18 h, were 99(+/-3)%, 104(+/-4)% and 89(+/-2)%, respectively. Recoveries were independent of fortification level, but dependent upon soil type. Methods previously described in the literature produced imazapyr recoveries of less than 60% with Halii soil. This improved method has a limit of detection of 5 ng g(-1) (equivalent to or better than other methods) and affords higher recovery of imazapyr residues from tropical soil. RP HELLING, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1002/ps.2780450104 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA RV204 UT WOS:A1995RV20400003 ER PT J AU WOLTER, PT MLADENOFF, DJ HOST, GE CROW, TR AF WOLTER, PT MLADENOFF, DJ HOST, GE CROW, TR TI IMPROVED FOREST CLASSIFICATION IN THE NORTHERN LAKE-STATES USING MULTITEMPORAL LANDSAT IMAGERY SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER DATA; LEAF WATER-CONTENT; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; COVER CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; SENESCENCE; MINNESOTA; INDEXES AB Forest classifications using single date Landsat TM data have been only moderately successful in separating forest cover types in the northern Lake States region. Few regional forest classifications have been presented that achieve genus or species level accuracy. We developed a more specific forest cover classification using TM data from early summer in conjunction with four MSS dates to capture phenological changes of different tree species. Among the 22 forest types classified, multi-temporal image analysis aided in separating 13 types. Of greatest significance, trembling aspen, sugar maple, northern red oak, northern pin oak black ash, and tamarack were successfully classified. The overall classification accuracy was 83.2 percent and the forest classification accuracy was 80.1 percent. This approach may be useful for broad-scale forest cover monitoring in other areas, particularly where ancillary data layers are not available. C1 USDA,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP WOLTER, PT (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. NR 73 TC 198 Z9 213 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 61 IS 9 BP 1129 EP 1143 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RT340 UT WOS:A1995RT34000003 ER PT J AU Harbor, JM Synder, J Storer, J AF Harbor, JM Synder, J Storer, J TI Reducing nonpoint source pollution from construction sites using rapid seeding and mulching SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE erosion control; nonpoint source pollution; applied geography; land development AB Nonpoint source pollution is the leading cause of water quality degradation in the United States, and construction sites are a major source of nonpoint source pollution in developing areas. Recent Federal regulations now require pollution prevention activities on many construction sites, but one of the most frequent complaints of those working to enforce these regulations is that it is difficult to get developers to apply prompt and effective temporary vegetative cover to disturbed areas. We evaluated a new approach in which temporary vegetative soil stabilization was applied rapidly and frequently to all bare areas on a construction site by a person independent of the construction process. Using field sampling of runoff from treated and untreated sites in North Royalton, Ohio, as well as computer modeling based on site condition maps, we found that rapid application of surface cover dramatically reduced both the amount of sediment generated by surface erosion and the concentration and total load of phosphorus in storm-water runoff. Rapid applications of surface cover reduced soil erosion by up to 86% and phosphorus loadings by up to 80% compared to bare-soil conditions. In addition, developers recognized the advantage of extensive green areas in marketing home lots and could see economic benefits for adopting an approach that went beyond their role in meeting regulatory requirements. This approach to construction-site erosion control significantly reduces nonpoint source pollution in the form of both phosphorus and sediment, and makes sense for both developers and those involved in regulation enforcement. C1 KENT STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,KENT,OH 44242. USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,CUYAHOGA SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT DIST,VALLEY VIEW,OH 44125. RP Harbor, JM (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 16 IS 5 BP 371 EP 388 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP194 UT WOS:A1995TP19400003 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, KD CONYERSJACKSON, A MOREAU, RA TRIPATHY, S AF CHAPMAN, KD CONYERSJACKSON, A MOREAU, RA TRIPATHY, S TI INCREASED N-ACYLPHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN ELICITOR-TREATED TOBACCO CELLS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ACYLTRANSFERASES; CELL CULTURES; ELICITOR; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS-INDUCING XYLANASE; FATTY ACIDS; LIPID METABOLISM; NICOTIANA TABACUM; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STEROLS; STEROL GLYCOSIDES; TOBACCO; XYLANASE ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; INDUCTION; XYLANASE; ACCUMULATION; CULTURES; PROTEIN; ENZYME AB Previous studies with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cell suspensions indicated that elicitation of defense response (production of phytoalexins) with xylanase (1,4-beta-D-xylanxylanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.8) resulted in a dramatic acylation of phytosterols (Moreau et al. 1994). N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), an acylated derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), was recently demonstrated to be synthesized in vivo in plant tissues (Chapman and Moore 1993a). Here we report that acylation of PE was increased in elicitor-treated cells. NAPE levels increased 3-fold (from 1.6 to 4.8 mol% of total phospholipids) after a 2-h treatment of cell suspensions with xylanase (1 pg ml(-1)). Specific activity of NAPE synthase increased in parallel with NAPE levels. Levels of NAPE and NAPE synthase activity declined during the period of 2-4 h after elicitation while levels of acylated sterolglycosides (ASG) continued to increase. Radiolabeling studies with [2-C-14]-ethanolamine confirmed that three times as much NAPE was synthesized in elicitor-treated cells compared to that in unelicited cells. Patterns of incorporation of [1-C-14]-palmitic acid into membrane phospholipids in elicitor-treated cells suggested that increased acylation of lipids may be a result of changes in the acyl-coenzyme A pool. Treatment of cells with purified ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX; 1 mu g ml(-1) cells) resulted in increased levels of NAPE synthase activity comparable to those observed with the commercial preparations of xylanase. Boiled xylanase did not elicit an increase in the specific activity of NAPE synthase. Collectively our results demonstrate that the accumulation of NAPE in tobacco cells is attributable to increased activity of NAPE synthase. This suggests that NAPE may be specifically synthesized to play a protective role in membranes of plant cells as has been suggested for membranes of damaged animal cells. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP CHAPMAN, KD (reprint author), UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT BIOL SCI,DIV BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,DENTON,TX 76203, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 95 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.950118.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TD520 UT WOS:A1995TD52000018 ER PT J AU SUHAYDA, CG OMURA, M HASEGAWA, S AF SUHAYDA, CG OMURA, M HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM ARTHROBACTER-GLOBIFORMIS - THE NATIVE ENZYME AND ITS N-TERMINAL SEQUENCE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ARTHROBACTER GLOBIFORMIS; CITRUS; BITTERNESS; LIMONOATE DEHYDROGENASE; GENE CLONING; LIMONOIDS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS ID CITRUS; PROTEINS AB Bitter limonoids in citrus juice lower the quality and value of commercial juices. Limonoate dehydrogenase converts the precursor of bitter limonin, limonoate A-ring lactone, to nonbitter 17-dehydrolimonoate A-ring lactone. This enzyme was isolated from Arthrobacter globiformis cells by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography and DEAE ion exchange HPLC. Using this protocol a 428-fold purification of the enzyme was obtained. Gel filtration HPLC indicated a M, of 118000 for the native enzyme. SDS-PAGE indicated an individual subunit M, of 31000. N-Terminal sequencing of the protein provided a sequence of the first 16 amino acid residues. Since LDH activity in citrus is very low, cloning the gene for this bacterial enzyme into citrus trees should enhance the natural debittering mechanism in citrus fruit. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. MINIST AGR FORESTRY & FISHERIES,OKITSU BRANCH,FRUIT TREE RES STN,SHIMIZU,SHIZUOKA 42402,JAPAN. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00953-Q PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RU373 UT WOS:A1995RU37300003 PM 7546548 ER PT J AU BRENNEMAN, TB SUMNER, DR BAIRD, RE BURTON, GW MINTON, NA AF BRENNEMAN, TB SUMNER, DR BAIRD, RE BURTON, GW MINTON, NA TI SUPPRESSION OF FOLIAR AND SOILBORNE PEANUT DISEASES IN BAHIAGRASS ROTATIONS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SOIL AB Florunner peanut was grown after 1, 2, or 3 years of Tifton 9 bahiagrass and in alternating years with bahiagrass. Continuous peanut was grown in nontreated plots and in plots treated with flutolanil (4.48 kg/ ha). In continuous peanut, stem rot (Sclerolium rolfsii) incidence was 4, 18, 19, and 44% during 1990 to 1993, respectively, without flutolanil and 0, 4, 10, and 17% with flutolanil. In 1993, stem rot incidence was 39, 29, 17, and 23% in the third, second, first, and alternating year of peanut, respectively. Rhizoctonia limb rot severity was low to moderate and not affected by crop rotation. Leaf spot diseases caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum were present each year and were more severe in the short-term rotations. Pod yield of peanut was 3,044, 3,616, 4,547, and 3,922 kg/ha during the third, second, first, and alternating year of peanut respectively. Compared to continuous peanut, longer rotations or treatment with flutolanil increased peanut grades and reduced percent damaged kernels (seeds). Population densities of Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp. in the soil generally were low and not altered by crop rotation. Rotation had little effect on root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita), ring (Criconemoides curvatum), or lesion (Pratylenchus brachyurus) nematodes. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP BRENNEMAN, TB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 85 IS 9 BP 948 EP 952 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-948 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RY289 UT WOS:A1995RY28900003 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP AF WILSON, JP TI MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TR ALLELE CONTRIBUTING TO REDUCED SMUT SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PEARL-MILLET SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLINATION; RESISTANCE; DISEASE AB The tr allele in pearl millet confers trichomeless plant structures. Plants homozygous for the allele have reduced severities of smut, caused by Moesziomyces penicillariae, compared to plants with the Tr genotype. Experiments were conducted to determine the mechanisms conferring reduced susceptibility in trtr inbreds. Flag leaf sheaths of field-grown Tift 23DAS (trtr) were wrapped around unemerged panicles more tightly than were sheaths of Tift 23DA (TrTr), as measured by reduced infiltration of fluid into the boot, recovery of sporidia of M. penicillariae from unopened boots, and smut severity of panicles bagged prior to emergence from the boot. When exposed panicles were inoculated with M. penicillariae in the greenhouse, moisture periods required for a given level of smut severity were greater for Tift 23DAS than for Tift 23DA. Severity after 8 h of moisture was greater on Tift 23DA. Increase of disease severity with longer moisture periods was essentially linear and parallel for both inbreds for moisture periods of up to 48 h. Intercepts (severity at 8 h) differed, but slopes did not. The tr allele may be useful as an easily identifiable, monogenic marker for smut resistance in pearl millet. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 85 IS 9 BP 966 EP 969 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-966 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RY289 UT WOS:A1995RY28900006 ER PT J AU BROWN, RL CLEVELAND, TE PAYNE, GA WOLOSHUK, CP CAMPBELL, KW WHITE, DG AF BROWN, RL CLEVELAND, TE PAYNE, GA WOLOSHUK, CP CAMPBELL, KW WHITE, DG TI DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION IN MAIZE KERNELS AND DETECTION OF FUNGAL COLONIZATION USING AN ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS TRANSFORMANT EXPRESSING ESCHERICHIA-COLI BETA-GLUCURONIDASE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MYCOTOXIN ID ATOXIGENIC STRAINS; GENE; CONTAMINATION; COTTONSEED; PLANTS; EAR AB Thirty-one maize inbreds and the highly resistant GT-MAS:gk maize population were screened for resistance to aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus using a kernel-screening laboratory assay. Intact kernels from each line were evaluated in three trials. Significant differences among genotypes for resistance to aflatoxin production were found. Certain genotypes, previously shown to be resistant in field trials, demonstrated resistance in the kernel-screening assay. Twenty-two genotypes had intact-kernel resistance that was comparable to GT-MAS:gk. A separate experiment was done to visualize fungal colonization of internal tissue in susceptible and resistant maize kernels and to further elucidate the relationship between fungal colonization and aflatoxin production. Five genotypes screened in the inbred evaluation, were inoculated with an A. flavus aflatoxin-producing strain containing the Escherichia coli beta-D-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene linked to an A. flavus beta-tubulin gene promoter. Histochemical staining of nonwounded and wounded kernels detected differences in GUS expression among genotypes, and there was a relationship between GUS expression and the amount of aflatoxin detected in kernels. Minimal GUS expression was related to low aflatoxin production in wounded kernels of two inbreds previously identified in field trials as having moderate-to-high levels of resistance to aflatoxin production. These results suggest that resistance to aflatoxin production is directly related to resistance to fungal colonization in certain genotypes. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27965. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP BROWN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 33 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 85 IS 9 BP 983 EP 989 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-983 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RY289 UT WOS:A1995RY28900009 ER PT J AU XU, Y PARKS, BM SHORT, TW QUAIL, PH AF XU, Y PARKS, BM SHORT, TW QUAIL, PH TI MISSENSE MUTATIONS DEFINE A RESTRICTED SEGMENT IN THE C-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF PHYTOCHROME-A CRITICAL TO ITS REGULATORY ACTIVITY SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WILD-TYPE; LIGHT; MUTANTS; DEFICIENT; FAMILY; GENE; EXPRESSION AB The phytochrome family of photoreceptors has dual molecular functions: photosensory, involving light signal perception, and regulatory, involving signal transfer to downstream transduction components. To define residues necessary specifically for the regulatory activity of phytochrome A (phyA), we undertook a genetic screen to identify Arabidopsis mutants producing wild-type levels of biologically defective but photochemically active and dimeric phyA molecules. Of eight such mutants identified, six contain missense mutations (including three in the same residue, glycine 727) clustered within a restricted segment in the C-terminal domain of the polypeptide. Quantitative photobiological analysis revealed retention of varying degrees of partial activity among the different alleles- a result consistent with the extent of conservation at the position mutated. Together with additional data, these results indicate that the photoreceptor subdomain identified here is critical to the regulatory activity of both phyA and phyB. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 47 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1433 EP 1443 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA RX191 UT WOS:A1995RX19100009 PM 8589627 ER PT J AU ARTLIP, TS MADISON, JT SETTER, TL AF ARTLIP, TS MADISON, JT SETTER, TL TI WATER-DEFICIT IN DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM OF MAIZE - CELL-DIVISION AND NUCLEAR-DNA ENDOREDUPLICATION SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ZEN MAYS L; POACEAE; CELL DIVISION; DROUGHT; ENDOPOLYPLOIDY; ENDOREDUPLICATION; MAIZE; WATER DEFICIT ID ABSCISIC-ACID; KERNEL GROWTH; STARCH; WHEAT; ACCUMULATION; POTENTIALS; CYTOKININ; WEIGHT; STRESS; NUMBER AB Water deficit severely decreases maize (Zea mays L.) kernel growth; the effect is most pronounced in apical regions of ears, The capacity for accumulation of storage material in endosperms is thought to be partially determined by the extent of cell division and endoreduplication (post-mitotic nuclear DNA synthesis). To gain a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved, we have examined the effect of water deficit on cellular development during the post-fertilization period, Greenhouse-grown maize was subjected to water-limited treatments during rapid cell division [from 1 to 10 days after pollination (DAP)] or rapid endoreduplication (9 to 15 DAP). The number of nuclei and the nuclear DNA content were determined with flow cytometry, Water deficit from 1 to 10 DAP substantially decreased the rate of endosperm cell division in apical-region kernels, but had little effect on middle-region endosperms, Rewatering did not allow cell division to recover in apical-region endosperms, Water deficit from 9 to 15 DAP also decreased cell division in apical-region endosperms, Endoreduplication was not affected by the late treatment in either region of the ear, but was inhibited by the early treatment in the apical region, In particular, the proportion of nuclei entering higher DNA-content size classes was reduced. We conclude that cell division is highly responsive to water deficit, whereas endoreduplication is less so, We also conclude that the reduced proportion of nuclei entering higher DNA-content size classes during endoreduplication is indicative of multiple control points in the mitotic and endoreduplication cycles. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1034 EP 1040 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00614.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RT433 UT WOS:A1995RT43300009 ER PT J AU HU, JS LI, HP BARRY, K WANG, M JORDAN, R AF HU, JS LI, HP BARRY, K WANG, M JORDAN, R TI COMPARISON OF DOT-BLOT, ELISA, AND RT-PCR ASSAYS FOR DETECTION OF 2 CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS ISOLATES INFECTING BANANA IN HAWAII SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COAT PROTEIN GENES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; PLANT-VIRUSES; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; RNA-3; PROTOPLASTS; STRAINS; DNA AB The coat protein genes of two cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates infecting banana plants in Hawaii were cloned and sequenced. Based on nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons, both isolates belong to CMV subgroup I. One isolate (CMV-Hawaii), which is common in banana plants in the state of Hawaii and induces mild mosaic symptoms, shares 99% sequence identity (both nucleotide and amino acid sequences) with CMV-C strain. Another isolate (CMV-Oahu), which was found only at two banana farms in the state of Hawaii, induces severe mosaic and leaf distortion symptoms. CMV-Oahu shares 91% and 93% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with both CMV-C and CMV-Hawaii. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for detection of both CMV subgroups from banana samples. The RT-PCR product (similar to 750 bp) was also labeled as a probe to detect CMV in dot blot hybridization tests, PCR is a more sensitive assay than either dot blot or ELISA. The dot blot assay was 100 times more sensitive than ELISA. The distribution of CMV within banana plants was uneven. CMV concentrations were higher in younger leaves than in older ones, The CMV-Oahu isolate was not detected in banana by ELISA using antibodies to both CMV subgroups I and II, but was positive in dot blot and RT-PCR tests. C1 USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HU, JS (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 902 EP 906 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000007 ER PT J AU DUFFY, BK WELLER, DM AF DUFFY, BK WELLER, DM TI USE OF GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS VAR GRAMINIS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS SPP TO SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL OF WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM FO47; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; VAR TRITICI; NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; BIOCONTROL; AUREOFACIENS; RHIZOSPHERE; DISEASES; GROWTH AB Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis, originally isolated from rice, suppressed take-all of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in growth chamber studies when applied to the soil. Furthermore, combination treatments consisting of G. g. var. graminis applied to the soil and fluorescent Pseudomonas strains applied to the seed, either 30-84, Q29z-80, Q69c-80, or a mixture of strains (Q2-87 plus Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q69c-80), were significantly more suppressive of take-all than either treatment used alone. In a winter wheat field trial at Pullman, Wash., G. g. var. graminis applied to the seed furrow significantly reduced crown root infection by G. g. var. tritici and the strain mixture reduced seminal root infection suggesting differential protection at various stages of disease development. However, in contrast to growth chamber studies the combination of G. g. var. graminis and the strain mixture did not enhance take-all suppression in the field compared with the same treatments used alone. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 31 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 907 EP 911 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000008 ER PT J AU HSU, HT KIM, JY LAWSON, RH AF HSU, HT KIM, JY LAWSON, RH TI PURIFICATION OF LILY SYMPTOMLESS CARLAVIRUS AND DETECTION OF THE VIRUS IN LILIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE DISEASE INDEXING METHOD; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSAY; SERODIAGNOSIS; VIRUS LOCALIZATION; VIRUS PURIFICATION ID PLANT-VIRUSES; IMMUNOLOGICAL DETECTION; ASSAY AB Lily symptomless carlavirus (LSV) was purified from infected lilies (Lilium longiflorum) by employing Nonidet P-40, butanol, and urea during clarification followed by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride. Virus yields averaged 8.5 mg per 100 g of tissues using an extinction coefficient of 2.5. Two of the four rabbits injected three times each with 0.25 mg purified LSV had antiserum dilution endpoints of 10(-5.4) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA) at the first bleeding; whereas the other two rabbits had serum dilution endpoint of 10(-6). An indirect immunological procedure was used to detect LSV antigens in tissue blots on nitrocellulose membranes. A comparison of ELISA and dot-blot immunoassay (DBIA) showed that DBIA was 16 to 32 times as sensitive as ELISA in detection of LSV. LSV was detected in bulb scales by TBIA in samples in which sap extracts from the same scale pieces were negative in both DBIA and ELISA. RP HSU, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 912 EP 916 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000009 ER PT J AU OMDAL, DW SHAW, CG JACOBY, WR WAGER, TC AF OMDAL, DW SHAW, CG JACOBY, WR WAGER, TC TI VARIATION IN PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULENCE OF ISOLATES OF ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE ON 8 TREE SPECIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; WHITE AB Thirteen isolates representing 10 genotypes of Armillaria ostoyae, obtained in northern New Mexico from Pinus ponderosa, Abies concolor, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus strobiformis, Picea pungens, and Populus tremuloides were used to inoculate seedlings of these hosts and Larix occidentalis and Pinus contorta var. latifolia. At 18 months there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in mortality among the eight hosts, or in virulence across all isolates except for one isolated from P. pungens, which failed to infect any trees. After three growing seasons (30 months), significantly more (P < 0.05) P. contorta var. latifolia were infected than either A. concolor or P. menziesii. Pinus ponderosa, the dominant species in this region, did not differ significantly from either of the exotic species (L. occidentalis and P. contorta var. latifolia) in susceptibility to infection or mortality. Populus tremuloides was significantly (P < 0.05) more tolerant than conifers, being frequently infected but rarely killed. A fungal isolate's ability to incite disease was highly correlated with its production of rhizomorphs (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Across all fungal isolates and hosts save P. tremuloides, the order of the isolate's ability to incite disease matched its order in killing hosts. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP OMDAL, DW (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 939 EP 944 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000013 ER PT J AU YOKOMI, RK JIMENEZ, DR OSBORNE, LS SHAPIRO, JP AF YOKOMI, RK JIMENEZ, DR OSBORNE, LS SHAPIRO, JP TI COMPARISON OF SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY-INDUCED AND CHLORMEQUAT CHLORIDE-INDUCED LEAF SILVERING IN CUCURBITA-PEPO SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ALAR; BEMISIA TABACI; DISORDER; SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; BEMISIA-TABACI; SQUASH; ASSOCIATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; DISORDER; PATTERNS; LETTUCE AB Whitefly-mediated squash silverleaf is induced by the feeding of nymphs of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, but the mechanism involved in symptom expression is unknown. Several plant biochemical regulators were tested to determine whether they could mitigate expression of squash silverleaf in Cucurbita pepo. Application of chlormequat chloride, a gibberellic acid biosynthesis inhibitor, induced leaf silvering symptoms similar to those induced by the silverleaf whitefly in squash plants, cvs, Senator and Dixie, but not in cv. Small Sugar Pumpkin. Chlormequat chloride-induced silvering never extended over more than 80% of the upper leaf surface, compared with 100% for whitefly-induced silverleaf. Paclobutrazol, but not Alar, also produced leaf silvering symptoms. Chlormequat chloride treatment also resulted in internodal stem shortening, increased chlorophyll levels, and increased root and stem weight in Small Sugar Pumpkin and Senator but not in Dixie. Chlormequat chloride did not produce detectable double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or changes in intercellular fluid proteins in any of the C. pepo cultivars tested. Silvered leaves from whitefly-infested plants, in contrast, had 15 to 40% lower chlorophyll levels, two induced intercellular leaf proteins, and some reductions in foliar and root biomass. No dsRNAs were detected in whitefly-silvered tissues or plants. Gibberellic acid applied after chlormequat chloride of paclobutrazol treatment resulted in less internodal shortening and decreased both chemical- and whitefly-induced leaf silvering. Chlormequat chloride-treated plants attracted greater whitefly oviposition and had more nymphs than untreated controls in greenhouse tests. These data suggest that leaf silvering induced by gibberellic acid biosynthesis inhibitors and by the silverleaf whitefly results from hormonally mediated alterations in the plant's physiology. Because the silverleaf whitefly also induces discoloration disorders in plants other than squash, hormonal inhibition may be a general component of whitefly phytotoxicity. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,CENT FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,APOPKA,FL 32703. RP YOKOMI, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 950 EP 955 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000015 ER PT J AU LEININGER, TD REDLIN, SC NEBEKER, TE AF LEININGER, TD REDLIN, SC NEBEKER, TE TI YELLOW LEAF BLISTER CAUSED BY TAPHRINA-POPULINA ON EASTERN COTTONWOOD IN MISSISSIPPI SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA,APHIS,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL & PLANT PATHOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP LEININGER, TD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 967 EP 967 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000022 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK OCAMB, CM XIE, WP MIROCHA, CJ SHIER, WT AF ABBAS, HK OCAMB, CM XIE, WP MIROCHA, CJ SHIER, WT TI FIRST REPORT OF FUMONISIN-B-1, FUMONISIN-B-2, AND FUMONISIN-B-3 PRODUCTION BY FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM VAR REDOLENS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 968 EP 968 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000028 ER PT J AU COOK, CG RIGGS, JL AF COOK, CG RIGGS, JL TI FIRST REPORT OF POWDERY MILDEW ON KENAF CAUSED BY LEVEILLULA-TAURICA IN THE LOWER RIO-GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP COOK, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 968 EP 968 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000029 ER PT J AU ROELFS, AP LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ AF ROELFS, AP LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ TI RACES OF PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1993 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM AB Wheat stem rust overwintered in southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and southern Georgia. Yield losses in wheat to stem rust were traces, but several hundred hectares southwest of Houston were destroyed. Race Pgt-TPMK was the most common race overall, making up 61% of the 895 isolates from 311 collections. From Hordeum spp., 112 collections were made, in which the most common race was Pgt-QCCJ, comprising 56% of the isolates. Eighty-eight percent of the isolates of QCCJ were from cultivated barley, and 56% of all isolates from cultivated barley were race QCCJ. No virulence was found to wheat lines with ''single'' genes Su13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Little oat stem rust overwintered in the southern states in 1993. Yield losses in 1993 were negligible. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, comprising 81% of the 93 isolates from 33 collections. NA-5 and NA-10 were the other races isolated, comprising 9 and 11% of the population, respectively. No virulence to Pg-9, -13, -16, or -a was found in the 1993 oat stem rust population. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP ROELFS, AP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 9 BP 969 EP 972 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RR690 UT WOS:A1995RR69000030 ER PT J AU VANCE, CP MILLER, SS GREGERSON, RG SAMAC, DA ROBINSON, DL GANTT, JS AF VANCE, CP MILLER, SS GREGERSON, RG SAMAC, DA ROBINSON, DL GANTT, JS TI ALFALFA NADH-DEPENDENT GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE - STRUCTURE OF THE GENE AND IMPORTANCE IN SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; TRANSGENIC LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; ROOT-NODULES; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; REGULATED EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SYNTHETASE GENES; 2 ISOENZYMES AB Glutamate synthase (GOGAT), a key enzyme in ammonia (NH4+) assimilation, occurs as two forms in plants: a ferredoxin-dependent form (Fd-GOGAT) and an NADH-dependent form (NADH-GOGAT). These enzymes are encoded by distinct genes as evidenced by their cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences. This paper reports the isolation and characterization of a NADH-GOGAT gene from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), the first GOGAT gene to be isolated from a eukaryote. RNase protection and primer extension experiments map the transcription start site of NADH GOGAT to nearly identical positions. The transcribed region of this gene, 12 214 bp, is comprised of 22 exons separated by 21 introns. The 2.7 kbp region 5' from the translation initiation site confers nodule-specific reporter gene activity when used in a chimeric beta-glucuronidase (GUS) construct and transformed into Lotus corniculatus and Medicago sativa. Both infected and uninfected cells display GUS activity. The abundance of NADH-GOGAT transcripts increases substantially in developing nodules of plants infected with effective rhizobia. However, this increase is not observed when nodules are induced by a variety of ineffective rhizobial strains. Thus, unlike many other plant genes involved in root nodule NH4+ assimilation, high levels of NADH-GOGAT expression are strictly associated with effective nodules indicating that NADH-GOGAT plays a central role in the functioning of effective root nodules. An alfalfa Fd-GOGAT PCR product showing greater than 85% identity to maize Fd-GOGAT was isolated and used to investigate the contribution of this enzyme to NH4+ assimilation in nodules. Fd-GOGAT mRNA was abundant in leaves and cotyledons but was not detected in alfalfa root nodules. Fd-GOGAT in alfalfa does not appear to play a significant role in symbiotic N-2 fixation. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. LYON COLL,DIV NAT SCI & MATH,BATESVILLE,AR 72503. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. BELLARMINE COLL,DEPT BIOL,LOUISVILLE,KY 40205. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP VANCE, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,BORLAUG HALL,1991 BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 53 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 345 EP 358 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1995.08030345.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RV497 UT WOS:A1995RV49700003 PM 7550373 ER PT J AU BRAUER, D OTTO, J TU, SI AF BRAUER, D OTTO, J TU, SI TI NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING IS INSUFFICIENT TO INDUCE COLD INACTIVATION OF THE VACUOLAR-TYPE ATPASE FROM MAIZE ROOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BINDING; COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR; HYDROLYSIS; NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITOR; ZEA MAYS ID H+-ATPASE; TONOPLAST ATPASE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PLANT-CELLS; INHIBITION; SUBUNITS; NITRATE; ANIONS AB Although it has been established that the stability of V-type ATPase at 0 to 4 degrees C is diminished by the presence of substrate, the mechanism of inactivation is poorly understood. The ability of various nucleotide analogs that have been identified as either competitive or non-competitive inhibitors of ATP-dependent proton transport to induce cold inactivation of the maize (Zen mays L.) vacuolar-type H+-ATPase at 0 degrees C was compared to that of substrate ATP. There was little if any loss in activity over 30 min incubation at 0 degrees C in the presence of 10 mM KNO3 and 2 mM MgSO4. Addition of 2 mM ATP promoted significant inhibition over this time period. The noncompetitive inhibitors, 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate and 2'-,3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-adenosine triphosphate, did not accelerate the loss of activity. Therefore, binding of nucleotides was not sufficient for cold inactivation. The competitive inhibitor: dialdehyde derivative of AMP, did accelerate cold inactivation of the H+-ATPase but to a much lesser extent than ATP. During cold incubation, ATP and the dialdehyde derivative of AMP were hydrolyzed, whereas the two non-competitive inhibitors were not. Hydrolysis of nucleotides at 0 degrees C was associated with the degree of cold inactivation. These results suggest that hydrolysis of nucleotides at 0 degrees C rather than binding caused instability in the H+-ATPase complex that led to cold inactivation. RP BRAUER, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SOIL BIOPHYS & CORE TECHNOL RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI MONTROUGE PA DEPT UNIV PROFESSIONNEL REVUES SCIENTIFIQUES TECHNIQUE 11 RUE GOSSIN, F-92543 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 5 BP 555 EP 559 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RV514 UT WOS:A1995RV51400004 ER PT J AU KAMO, K BLOWERS, A SMITH, F VANECK, J AF KAMO, K BLOWERS, A SMITH, F VANECK, J TI STABLE TRANSFORMATION OF GLADIOLUS BY PARTICLE GUN BOMBARDMENT OF CORMELS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GLADIOLUS; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; CORMELS; PHOSPHINOTHRICIN; MONOCOTYLEDONOUS BULB CROPS ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; PLANTS; ACCELERATION; EXPRESSION; GENES; DNA AB Transgenic plants of Gladiolus were produced following particle bombardment of cormel slices. Plant cells were cotransformed with the gene for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the uidA gene coding for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) under control of the actin promoter isolated from rice. The optimum concentration for the first selection of transformed plants was 8 mg/l phosphinothricin which resulted in 14% of the bombarded cormel slices regenerating plants that were transformed as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Polymerase chain reaction amplification, Southern hybridization and histochemical staining for GUS gene expression on plants after two selective screenings with phosphinothricin indicated that regenerated plants were transformed. Histochemical staining for GUS gene expression showed that the actin promoter resulted in GUS gene expression primarily in callus cells and root meristems. Leaves were typically chimeric for GUS gene expression. C1 SANFORD SCI,WATERLOO,NY 13165. RP KAMO, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,B-004,ROOM 208,BARC W,USDA NA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 110 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(95)04195-Z PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RY206 UT WOS:A1995RY20600012 ER PT J AU CASAL, JJ SANCHEZ, RA BOYLAN, M VIERSTRA, RD QUAIL, PH AF CASAL, JJ SANCHEZ, RA BOYLAN, M VIERSTRA, RD QUAIL, PH TI IS THE FAR-RED-ABSORBING FORM OF AVENA PHYTOCHROME-A THAT IS PRESENT AT THE END OF THE DAY ABLE TO SUSTAIN STEM-GROWTH INHIBITION DURING THE NIGHT IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO AND TOMATO SEEDLINGS SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE GENE EXPRESSION (PHY A); LYCOPERSICON (PHYTOCHROME); NICOTIANA (PHYTOCHROME); PHYTOCHROME; STEM GROWTH; TRANSGENIC PLANTS (TOBACCO, TOMATO) ID LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANT; OAT PHYTOCHROME; NEIGHBOR PLANTS; AUREA MUTANT; ARABIDOPSIS; LIGHT; DEFICIENT; GERMINATION; ELONGATION; EXPRESSION AB Avena phytochrome A (phyA) overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon sculentum Mill) was functionally characterised by comparing wild-type (WT) and transgenic seedlings, Different proportions of phytochrome in its far-red-absorbing form (Pfr/P) were provided by end-of-day (EOD) light pulses. Stem-length responses occurred largely in the range of low Pfr/f (3-61%) for WT seedlings and in the range of high Pfr/P (61-87%) for transgenic seedlings. A similar shift was observed when the photoperiod was interrupted by short light pulses providing different Pfr/P ratios and followed by Ih dark incubation. In other experiments, Avena phyA was allowed to re-accumulate in darkness and subsequently phototransformed to Pfr but no extra inhibition of stem extension growth was observed. In transgenic tomato seedlings the response to EOD far-red light was faster and the response to a far-red light pulse delayed into darkness was larger than in the WT. Avena phyA Pfr remaining at the end of the photoperiod appears intrinsically unable to sustain growth inhibition in subsequent darkness. Az,ena phyA modifies the sensitivity and the kinetics of EOD responses mediated by native phytochrome. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP CASAL, JJ (reprint author), UNIV BUENOS AIRES,FAC AGRON,DEPT ECOL,AV SAN MARTIN 4453,RA-1417 BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. OI Casal, Jorge/0000-0001-6525-8414 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 1995 VL 197 IS 2 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TC560 UT WOS:A1995TC56000003 ER PT J AU WU, WD LI, GY LIU, TX VESONDER, RR AF WU, WD LI, GY LIU, TX VESONDER, RR TI THE EFFECT OF FUMONISIN B-1 ON ISOLATED CHONDROCYTES AND ON BONE-FORMATION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FUMONISIN; CHONDROCYTE; SKELETAL PROBLEM; CHICKEN ID BROILER CHICKS; TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; RADIOGRAPHIC LESIONS; EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS; TOXICITY; CORN; DEFICIENCY; CALCIUM; GROWTH AB Toxic effects of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) were observed with cultured chondrocytes isolated from epiphyseal growth plates and with growing broiler chicks. Viability of chondrocytes was reduced after 48 h exposure to FB1, and half lethal concentration of FB1 was estimated to be greater than 250 mu M. Increase in cell size was inhibited by as low as 25 mu M FB1. Dietary inclusion of fumonisins (55 and 110 ppm) caused a reduction in body weight, increase in Liver weight, and decrease in feed efficiency (P < .05). However, diarrhea and bone malformation were not observed. It is concluded that fumonisin by itself is not sufficient to cause skeletal problems in poultry. RP WU, WD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1431 EP 1436 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RT424 UT WOS:A1995RT42400005 PM 7501587 ER PT J AU IRAQI, F ROBINSON, D SMITH, EJ AF IRAQI, F ROBINSON, D SMITH, EJ TI A RESTRICTION ENZYME MAP OF THE SEX-LINKED LATE-FEATHERING LOCUS OF CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; CONSERVED ELEMENTS; HYBRIDIZATIONS; PROBES ID ASSOCIATION; COMPLEX AB A 34-kb restriction endonuclease map of the region associated with an endogenous virus integration site and K, the gene that confers sex-linked late-feathering (LF) in chickens, is presented. Hybridizations of genomic blots of DNA from early-feathering and LF White Leghorns indicated that the region also contains additional repetitive elements upstream from a chicken repetitive (CR1) element. This extended map and the probes described should be useful in identifying the molecular alterations associated with this locus. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1515 EP 1519 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RT424 UT WOS:A1995RT42400014 PM 7501596 ER PT J AU HARGIS, BM CALDWELL, DJ BREWER, RL CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF HARGIS, BM CALDWELL, DJ BREWER, RL CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI EVALUATION OF THE CHICKEN CROP AS A SOURCE OF SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION FOR BROILER CARCASSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE SALMONELLA; CHICKEN; CONTAMINATION; CROP; CECA ID POULTRY AB Much previously published research has focused on the role of cecal and intestinal Salmonella contamination of poultry carcasses within commercial processing plants. presently, we have evaluated the persistence of experimentally inoculated Salmonella enteritidis in the crops and ceca of commercial broiler chickens during the last week of growth (Weeks 6 to 7) and the presence of crop and cecal Salmonella in 7-wk-old broilers in a commercial processing plant. When broilers were inoculated with 1 x 10(6) cfu S. enteritidis at 6 wk of age by oral gavage, the incidence of crop and cecal contamination was equivalent 2 d after challenge (30%), with only 1 of 29 crops contaminated and 0 of 29 ceca contaminated at 7 d following challenge. When broilers were inoculated with 1 x 10(8) cfu S. enteritidis at 6 wk of age by oral gavage, 2 d after challenge the crops and ceca were observed to be 57 and 67% positive for S. enteritidis, respectively. Seven days after inoculation with 1 x 10(8) S. enteritidis, the crops and ceca were 37 and 57% positive, respectively, for the challenge organism. At a commercial broiler processing plant, 286 of 550 crops from three flocks were Salmonella-positive, whereas only 73 of 500 ceca from these flocks were contaminated. Furthermore, data from this plant indicated that the crops were far more likely to rupture than ceca (86-fold) during processing, increasing the possibility of carcass contamination with Salmonella derived from crop contents. The results of these studies suggest that the crop may serve as a source of carcass contamination with Salmonella within some processing plants. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA,SLAUGHTER & INSPECT SERV,SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP HARGIS, BM (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 12 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1548 EP 1552 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RT424 UT WOS:A1995RT42400019 PM 7501601 ER PT J AU HUME, ME NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM CORRIER, DE AF HUME, ME NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM CORRIER, DE TI FERMENTATION OF RADIOLABELED CARBOHYDRATES BY A RECONSTRUCTED CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURE EFFECTIVE AGAINST SALMONELLA IN BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CECA; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION; CONTINUOUS-FLOW; VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS; CARBOHYDRATE ID TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; DIETARY LACTOSE; MICROFLORA; INFECTION; POULTS AB An 81-d-old continuous-flow (CF) culture of broiler cecal bacteria was maintained in a lactose-based broth. The culture had been previously proven effective against Salmonella colonization in young chicks, especially when the chicks were provided dietary lactose. Portions of the CF culture were batch-cultured in glucose- and lactose-based broths containing C-14-labeled lactose, glucose, galactose, or lactic acid to determine the effect of media carbohydrate on fermentation products. Acetic and propionic acids were the major C-14-labeled fermentation products. C-14-Carbohydrates were fermented to lactic acid and then to acetic and propionic acids. Distribution of radiolabeled fermentation products was effected by the broth carbohydrate and the time postinoculation. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP HUME, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1553 EP 1557 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RT424 UT WOS:A1995RT42400020 PM 7501602 ER PT J AU YANGA, ST GARDNER, IA HURD, HS EERNISSE, KA WILLEBERG, P AF YANGA, ST GARDNER, IA HURD, HS EERNISSE, KA WILLEBERG, P TI MANAGEMENT AND DEMOGRAPHIC-FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEROPOSITIVITY TO TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS IN US SWINE HERDS, 1989-1990 SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE TGE; RISK FACTORS; SERUM NEUTRALIZATION TESTING; SURVEY; SWINE ID PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS; PIGS; DIFFERENTIATION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION AB Serum neutralization testing was used to determine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) titers of up to 10 sows per herd (mean 8.7, median 10) for 392 herds that participated in the 3 month monitoring of sows and litters in the National Swine Survey. Of the sampled herds, 101 (25.8%) had sow seroprevalences of at least 80%, 79 (20.1%) had seroprevalences between 10 and 79%, and 212 (54.1%) were seronegative. For evaluation of risk factors for TGE seropositivity, analysis was restricted to herds with at least five tested sows and either 0% or at least 20% seropositive sows. In the logistic regression analysis, a herd was considered seropositive if at least 20% of sampled females had titers of 1:8 or higher (n = 160), and a herd was seronegative if all females had titers of under 1:8 (n = 178). Factors considered for inclusion in logistic regression models included breeding herd size, biosecurity measures, pig introductions and movements, and access of possible nonporcine reservoirs to the facilities with pigs. After controlling for the effects of season, number of samples tested and TGE vaccination history, large female breeding herd size (at least 500 sows compared with the reference category of 100-199 sows) and purchase of more than 25 pigs from non-specific pathogen free (SPF) herds were associated with significantly (P < 0.05) higher odds of herd seropositivity (odds ratios 4.9 and 3.9, respectively). There was some evidence (P = 0.08) of an increased risk of seropositivity when there were more than two swine herds within a 3 mile radius of the study herd. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT MED & EPIDEMIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,APHIS,VS,NATL CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. USDA,APHIS,VS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DIV ETHOL & HLTH,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 213 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(95)00475-C PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RV637 UT WOS:A1995RV63700006 ER PT J AU BARBEITO, MS ABRAHAM, G BEST, M CAIRNS, P LANGEVIN, P STERRITT, WG BARR, D MEULEPAS, W SANCHEZVIZCAINO, JM SARAZA, M REQUENA, E COLLADO, M MANI, P BREEZE, R BRUNNER, H MEBUS, CA MORGAN, RL RUSK, S SIEGFRIED, LM THOMPSON, LH AF BARBEITO, MS ABRAHAM, G BEST, M CAIRNS, P LANGEVIN, P STERRITT, WG BARR, D MEULEPAS, W SANCHEZVIZCAINO, JM SARAZA, M REQUENA, E COLLADO, M MANI, P BREEZE, R BRUNNER, H MEBUS, CA MORGAN, RL RUSK, S SIEGFRIED, LM THOMPSON, LH TI RECOMMENDED BIOCONTAINMENT FEATURES FOR RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSTIC FACILITIES WHERE ANIMAL PATHOGENS ARE USED SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL PATHOGENS; BIOCONTAINMENT; BIOSAFETY; DESIGN; FACILITIES; POULTRY PATHOGENS; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Recommendations are presented for rite minimum structural components, special utilities, installations, and other design and operational features which define a microbiologically-secure animal containment facility. C1 CSIRO,AUSTRALIAN ANIM HLTH LAB,GEELONG,VIC 3220,AUSTRALIA. DEPT HLTH & WELF,LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF BIOSAFETY,BIOSAFETY SERV,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. AGR CANADA,CORP MANAGEMENT BRANCH,DIV FACIL MANAGEMENT,MAINTENANCE PROGRAM MANAGEMENT,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0C5,CANADA. AGR CANADA,ANIM DIS RES INST,VIRUS LAB,NEPEAN,ON K2H 8P9,CANADA. PIRBRIGHT LAB,WOKING GU24 0NF,SURREY,ENGLAND. MINIST AGR NAT MANAGEMENT & FISHERIES,AGR RES DEPT,CENT VET INST,DEPT SAFETY & QUAL ASSURANCE,8200 AB LELYSTAD,NETHERLANDS. MINIST AGR PESCA & ALIMENTAC,INST NACL INVEST & TECNOL,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. ACC INTEGRALES SEGURIDAD BIOL,E-28001 MADRID,SPAIN. INST VIROL & IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS,CH-3147 MITTELHAUSERN,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,N ATLANT AREA,GREENPORT,NY 11944. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,MIDWEST AREA,AMES,IA 50010. US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,NO PLAINS AREA,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP BARBEITO, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,ROOM 208,BLDG 005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/G-6299-2015 OI Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-1502-8968 NR 0 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 873 EP 887 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RX777 UT WOS:A1995RX77700032 PM 8593417 ER PT J AU NORD, M LULOFF, AE JENSEN, L AF NORD, M LULOFF, AE JENSEN, L TI MIGRATION AND THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF POVERTY SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AREAS; INEQUALITY AB Current Population Survey data are used to estimate the effects of migration of the poor and nonpoor on the spatial concentration of poverty among five categories of counties defined by county poverty rates and, separately, among nonmetropolitan high-poverty areas, central city high-poverty areas, and other areas. During the 1981-1984 period studied, migration patterns of both the poor and nonpoor consistently reinforced pre-existing poverty concentrations. High migration rates of the poor into and out of high poverty counties suggests an equilibrium condition. Implications for theory, research, and policy are discussed. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON & RURAL SOCIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP NORD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI BOZEMAN PA ANNE S WILLIAMS, TREASURER MONTANA STATE UNIV DEPT SOCIOLOGY, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 60 IS 3 BP 399 EP 415 PG 17 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA TD291 UT WOS:A1995TD29100003 ER PT J AU CURRY, EA BURKE, JJ AF CURRY, EA BURKE, JJ TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT REAPPEARANCE OF VARIABLE PSII FLUORESCENCE OF APPLE CULTIVARS AND ROOTSTOCKS SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE MALUS; THERMAL KINETIC WINDOW ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ILLUMINATION; DAMAGE AB The temperature sensitivity of PSII fluorescence recovery was identified for six different apple (Malus domestica L. Borkh) cultivars and rootstocks. Optimal temperatures ranged from 15-20 degrees C for 'Yellow Transparent' and 'Beverly Hills' to 20-30 degrees C for 'Delicious'. Seedling rootstock had a broad optimal range of 15-25 degrees C whereas both M 26 and M 9 had more narrow optima centered on 20 degrees C. Rootstock had no effect on the optimum of the grafted scion, nor did the presence or absence of the scion shoot have any effect on the temperature optimum of the rootstock. It appears the scion/rootstock combination acts as two independent entities, each with its own characteristic optimum temperature for PSII fluorescence recovery. C1 USDA,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP CURRY, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(95)00804-3 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TD538 UT WOS:A1995TD53800006 ER PT J AU ERNST, M CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA AF ERNST, M CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA TI CARBOHYDRATE CHANGES IN CHICORY (CICHORIUM-INTYBUS L VAR FOLIOSUM) DURING GROWTH AND STORAGE SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Note DE CICHORIUM INTYBUS; CARBOHYDRATES; FRUCTANS; INULO-N-OSE ID ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUCROSE; ROOTS; PURIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; FRUCTANS; STARCH; LEAVES; YIELD AB The levels of sucrose and fructose in chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum) roots remain about the same over the growing season while levels of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and fructans increase. At the onset of cooler fall temperatures and especially during storage, sucrose and fructose contents increase. Concurrently, a second fructan series that contains no glucose (inulo-n-ose; n = 2-18) accumulates, while at the same time, fructans (inulin) with a high degree of polymerization (DP) and TNC decrease. Chicory leaves contain low concentrations of fructans. Only trace amounts were found in the leaf lamina but leaf petioles, especially in the basal region, contained higher levels. The inulo-n-ose series up to DP 4 (inulotetraose) is also detectable in leaves. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP ERNST, M (reprint author), UNIV HOHENHEIM,D-70593 STUTTGART,GERMANY. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(95)00815-B PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TD538 UT WOS:A1995TD53800012 ER PT J AU NORD, M LULOFF, AE AF NORD, M LULOFF, AE TI HOMELESS CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE - A RURAL PERSPECTIVE SO SOCIAL SERVICE REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Twenty case studies of homeless students and their families in New Hampshire reveal that homelessness is a problem in rural, as well as urban, areas. Homelessness for two-parent families came in the wake of economic reverses, while for single-parent families the precipitating event was family disruption. Homeless school-children were found to suffer serious setbacks both academically and socially, including exhaustion, lack of time and a place to do homework, coordinating school schedules with work schedules, instability, out-of-school periods, frequent changes of school, and stigmatization. These problems characterized not only the period of literal homelessness but also the entire residential crisis episode surrounding that period. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP NORD, M (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0037-7961 J9 SOC SERV REV JI Soc. Serv. Rev. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 461 EP 478 PG 18 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA RW800 UT WOS:A1995RW80000004 ER PT J AU GLASS, RJ MUTH, RM MORE, TA KRUSE, J AF GLASS, RJ MUTH, RM MORE, TA KRUSE, J TI ASSESSING DEVELOPMENTAL IMPACTS ON SUBSISTENCE FISHING - COMPLICATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO A MIXED ECONOMIC-SYSTEM SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENTAL IMPACTS; RURAL ECONOMIES; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SUBSISTENCE; SUBSISTENCE FISHING; 3-SECTOR ECONOMIES AB There is no all-encompassing measure of quality of life that adequately reflects the psychological, sociocultural, environmental, and economic components of subsistence, Even if only the material aspects of quality are considered, impact assessment in rural areas of Alaska is complicated because communities have integrated three-sector economies. Because both state and federal laws give the highest priority to subsistence users of fishery resources, reductions in fish populations may be manifested in reduced commercial and sport harvests rather than the subsistence take. impact analysis is complicated because the same individuals may participate in each of these economic sectors. Nevertheless, quantifying material returns such as income and subsistence goods can provide useful insights, evert though interpretation of values originating in different contexts are necessarily subjective. Furthermore, these measures are inputs to the quality of life rather than measures of it. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,HOLDWORTH NAT RESOURCE CTR,DEPT FORESTRY & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV ALASKA,INST SOCIAL & ECON RES,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1080/08941929509380934 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA TD379 UT WOS:A1995TD37900004 ER PT J AU WALTMAN, SW CIOLKOSZ, EJ AF WALTMAN, SW CIOLKOSZ, EJ TI PRAIRIE SOIL DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS AB Prairies have been noted in several areas of Pennsylvania since the time of European settlement. Because very little is known about the soils of these areas, a prairie area in northwestern Pennsylvania was studied. The A horizon of the soils of this area is thick (mean of 55 cm), and many areas have colors dark enough to qualify as mollic or umbric epipedons. The organic matter content for the top meter of the soils was greater than reported for midwestern prairie soils of similar texture and drainage and probably reflects greater plant growth and/or a lower rate of decomposition as a result of cooler and more moist climatic conditions in northwestern Pennsylvania. The average opal phytolith content for the top 15 cm of the prairie soils was 21.1 Mg ha(-1). The age of these soils, estimated from phytolith accumulation, is 2000 to 6000 years. This would indicate that prairie occupation and soil formation started during the late Hyp-sithermal (3000 to 7000 years ago) interval. The characteristics of these soils indicate an apparent developmental continuum, extending from the midwest to Pennsylvania, of increasing organic matter accumulation and leaching under prairie vegetation. Although developed under prairie grass, these soils do not meet the base saturation classification requirements of Mollisols and would be classified as Inceptisols (Umbrepts). C1 USDA,NRCS,NATL SOIL SURVEY CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 160 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1097/00010694-199509000-00005 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RW250 UT WOS:A1995RW25000005 ER PT J AU LOGSDON, SD AF LOGSDON, SD TI ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATE FRACTAL DIMENSIONS AND AGGREGATE DENSITIES BACK-CALCULATED FROM HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; FRAGMENTATION; MASS; POROSITY; TILLAGE; NUMBER; MODEL AB Recently, aggregate size distributions (ASDs) have been characterized by fractal dimension (D, i.e., slope of the log of cumulative aggregate number as a function of the log of aggregate size). To simplify the laboratory work, aggregates are often considered to have scale-invariant density (rho). The D describes the completely fragmented ASD after sampling and sieving the aggregates, but a bulk D-r describes an incompletely fragmented ASD in situ. The Dr requires an estimate of scale-variant rho(i) for each class. Then the ASD may be used to determine pore distributions and hydraulic conductivity (K) of the soil. The objectives of this study were to start with k determinations to back-calculate rho(i), D, D-r, and scale-invariant rho, and compare these with measured rho and D from measured ASDs taken near the locations of the K measurements. Back-calculated rho(i) was not significantly different between class sizes for aggregates >2.8 to 5 mm, and the rho(i) differences between aggregate sizes 1.26 to 25.2 mm would be difficult to determine with the precision (0.03-0.1 g cm(-3)) of current methods for determining rho(i). The calculated rho(i) and scale-invariant rho were all significantly less than measured rho. The D from back-calculated ASD were all greater than three, but they should have been less than the D from back-calculated ASD, which were all less than three. The D and D-r from back-calculated ASD were significantly different from D for measured ASD. Further study is needed to determine the relationship between ASD and K. RP LOGSDON, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1221 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700002 ER PT J AU AHUJA, LR JOHNSEN, KE HEATHMAN, GC AF AHUJA, LR JOHNSEN, KE HEATHMAN, GC TI MACROPORE TRANSPORT OF A SURFACE-APPLIED BROMIDE TRACER - MODEL EVALUATION AND REFINEMENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL COLUMNS; INFILTRATION; FLOW; EQUATION; MOVEMENT AB Rapid transport of surface-applied agrichemicals to groundwater through macropores is a major problem that requires a better understanding and quantification. A simple model of macropore flow and transport of a surface-applied Br- tracer under rainfall was evaluated and refined by testing against soil-column data reported earlier. The experiments consisted of eight treatment combinations, each in duplicate, of the following conditions: soil initially air dry vs. soil initially wetted by rainfall; a 10-mm layer of dry aggregates on the surface vs. no aggregates; and a 3-mm artificial macropore made along the column's vertical axis vs. no macropore. A solution of SrBr2 was atomized over the surface, followed by application of simulated rainfall. Evaluation of the model indicated that: (i) once the Green-Ampt infiltration parameters were calibrated on control columns, water how into other columns was simulated correctly; however, in order to match the macropore bottom outflow, the lateral absorption of water from macropore to soil matrix had to be adjusted for compaction of the macropore wall and variable water pressure around the pore circumference under small macropore how rates; (ii) for chemical mass in macropore outflow, better results were obtained if, in the wetted portion of the soil profile, the water flow down the macropore mixed with approximate to 0.5 mm of soil around the walls and its soil solution; (iii) microporosity of surface aggregates determined from control columns resulted in fairly good simulations of the increase of the chemical in macropore dow caused by aggregates. C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP AHUJA, LR (reprint author), GREAT PLAINS SYST RES,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1234 EP 1241 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700004 ER PT J AU KALBASI, M PERYEA, FJ LINDSAY, WL DRAKE, SR AF KALBASI, M PERYEA, FJ LINDSAY, WL DRAKE, SR TI MEASUREMENT OF DIVALENT LEAD ACTIVITY IN LEAD ARSENATE CONTAMINATED SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM ACTIVITIES; CHELATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; STABILITY; ZINC AB Many soils used for tree fruit production before 1968 contain elevated Pb concentrations resulting from use of lead arsenate pesticides. The chemical Form of Pb in these soils may influence its bioavailability and the need for and type of remediation actions. The competitive chelation method was used to determine the single-ion activity of Pb2+ in aqueous suspensions of 11 lead arsenate contaminated soils and, for comparison, three Ph-enriched roadside soils. The activity of Pb2+ ranged from 10(-9.37) to 10(-7.21), consistent with values published elsewhere, and was inversely related to pH. The soils appeared to fall into two solubility groups, one where Pb2+ activity was consistent with control by a Pb-phosphate mineral, possibly Pb-5(PO4)(3)OH or Pb-3(PO4)(2), and a second group where Pb2+ activity was consistent with control by Pb(OH)(2). Both groups contained calcareous soils. Adding monocalcium phosphate to two of the soils from the higher Ph solubility group shifted one soil to the lower solubility group but had no effect on the second soil. The experimental results suggest that Ph solubility in lead arsenate contaminated soils is not appreciably higher than in soils contaminated by Pb from gasoline and that phosphate amendment may not always reduce soil Pb solubility. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR TREE FRUIT RES & EXTENS,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. ISFAHAN UNIV TECHNOL,FAC AGR,ESFAHAN,IRAN. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1280 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700010 ER PT J AU ANTHONY, WH HUTCHINSON, GL LIVINGSTON, GP AF ANTHONY, WH HUTCHINSON, GL LIVINGSTON, GP TI CHAMBER MEASUREMENT OF SOIL-ATMOSPHERE GAS-EXCHANGE - LINEAR VS DIFFUSION-BASED FLUX MODELS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID NITROUS-OXIDE AB We compared linear regression with a diffusion-based model for N2O flux estimation using non-steady-state chamber gas concentrations from a long-term study of N cycling in a managed grass pasture on sandy soil in southern Texas, Of 2224 chamber deployments, 449 met criteria established for using the diffusion-based model, which yielded flux estimates that averaged 54% larger than linear regression (n = 3). Although they represented only about 20% of all chamber deployments, this group included most of the data with greatest influence on the magnitude and dynamics of total N2O exchange at our site; e.g., of the 263 fluxes >10 g N ha(-1) d(-1), 199 (or 73%) were included, Apparently, application of a linear model to nonlinear chamber concentration data represents a potentially serious source of measurement bias that may influence not only summary statistics for the experiment, but also larger scale budgets based partially or wholly on those data. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. PRAIRIE VIEW AM UNIV,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446. NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV EARTH SYST SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 8 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 39 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1308 EP 1310 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700015 ER PT J AU TORBERT, HA PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH AF TORBERT, HA PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH TI ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE EFFECTS ON COTTON PLANT RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN AB Assessing the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on the global environment is hampered due to a lack of understanding of global C cycling. Carbon fixed within plant biomass ultimately enters the soil via plant residues, but the effects of elevated-CO2-grown plant material on decomposition rates and long-term soil C storage are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the decomposition rate of plant residues grown under an elevated CO2 environment as affected by soil type. Cotton (Gossypium hirsuturn L. 'Delta Pine 77') samples were collected from a free-air CO2 enrichment (550 mu L L(-1)) experiment. The plant residues were incubated under ambient CO2 conditions to determine decomposition rates of leaves, stems, and roots and potential N and P mineralization-immobilization in three soil series: a Blanton loamy sand (loamy siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult), a Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudult), and a Houston clay loam (very fine, montmorillonitic Typic Chromudert). No significant difference was observed between plant residue grown under CO2 enrichment vs. ambient CO2 conditions for soil respiration or P mineralization-immobilization. Significantly greater net N immobilization was observed during the incubation in all soil types for plant residue grown at elevated CO2. These results indicate that while decomposition of plant residue may not be reduced by CO2 enrichment, N dynamics may be markedly changed. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP TORBERT, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1328 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700018 ER PT J AU EGHBALL, B BINFORD, GD POWER, JF BALTENSPERGER, DD ANDERSON, FN AF EGHBALL, B BINFORD, GD POWER, JF BALTENSPERGER, DD ANDERSON, FN TI MAIZE TEMPORAL YIELD VARIABILITY UNDER LONG-TERM MANURE AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION - FRACTAL ANALYSIS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN AB Long-term experiments offer unique possibilities to study the effects of management practices on crops and soils with time. Characterizing temporal variability of grain yield provides an opportunity to distinguish between the effects of environment vs. management practices on grain yield, an important parameter. A long-term study was established in 1912 in western Nebraska as part of a rotation study. In 1953, each plot was divided into manure (27 Mg ha(-1) annually) and no-manure sections to which fertilizer treatments of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg N ha(-1), and 135 kg N + 80 kg P ha(-1) were applied annually. Grain yield data from 1953 to 1993 for these treatments were used for fractal analysis and determination of fractal dimension (D), which is an indication of pattern of variation. A D value close to 1 indicates dominance of long-term variation (or trend), while a D value close to 2 indicates dominance of short-term (year-to-year) variation. Grain yield increased with increasing N application rate without manure, but no response to fertilizer application was observed where manure had been applied. Fractal dimensions ranged from 1.942 to 1.996, indicating significant domination of short-term variation of grain yield in the past 41 yr in all treatments. There was no significant difference between D values for manure or fertilizer treatments. Soil fertility amendments did not alleviate year-to-year variability observed in the corn (Zea mays L.) yield. Environmental factors like hail, fall freezing, and temperature variation during the growing season had a significant effect on the grain yield over the years. Although management practices can reduce temporal grain yield variability in some crops, variations in environmental factors in this study were great enough to dominate the yearly maize grain yield regardless of soil fertility amendments. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. PANHANDLE RES & EXTENS CTR,SCOTTSBLUFF,NE. RP EGHBALL, B (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1360 EP 1364 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700023 ER PT J AU SCHOENEBERGER, PJ AMOOZEGAR, A BUOL, SW AF SCHOENEBERGER, PJ AMOOZEGAR, A BUOL, SW TI PHYSICAL PROPERTY VARIATION OF A SOIL AND SAPROLITE CONTINUUM AT 3 GEOMORPHIC POSITIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MACROPORES; HORIZONS; MICROPOROSITY; MESOPOROSITY; INFILTRATION; CHANNELS; SEQUENCE AB Effective land use planning for waste disposal purposes requires knowledge of water movement in the vadose zone in and below the soil solum. This study was conducted to assess the changes in the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat), water retention, particle-size distribution, and bulk density of a Typic Kanhapludult soil and its underlying gneiss-schist saprolite across a typical landscape in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Intact cores (6.6-cm diam., 8.0-cm length) were collected from Bt, BIG, and C (saprolite) horizons at the center of 15 by 30 m areas located at three adjacent geomorphic positions (ridge top, shoulder, and ridge nose). Large L-shaped observation pits were then excavated over the sample locations for profile description and other data collection. In situ K-sat of the three horizons was also determined by the constant-head well permeameter technique around each of the observation pits. Regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between K-sat and depth at each geomorphic position, and an analysis of variance was used to compare K-sat values between horizons and geomorphic positions. At all three geomorphic positions, the laboratory-determined K-sat was consistently the highest in the clayey Bt horizon (arithmetic mean values 1.56 x 10(-6) to 2.19 x 10(-6) m s(-1)), diminished with depth until reaching a minimum value in the transitional, less clayey BIC horizon (arithmetic mean values 7 x 10(-8) to 2.3 x 10-(7) m s(-1)), and then increased with depth into the upper part of the massive, low clay content saprolite (arithmetic mean values 8.1 x 10(-7) to 1.57 x 10(-6) m s(-1)). The patterns of K-sat with depth were consistently associated with major horizons and not strongly influenced by texture or bulk density. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA,NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB,NRCS,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1397 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700028 ER PT J AU ALLEN, RR MUSICK, JT SCHNEIDER, AD AF ALLEN, RR MUSICK, JT SCHNEIDER, AD TI RESIDUAL DEEP PLOWING EFFECTS ON IRRIGATION INTAKE FOR PULLMAN CLAY LOAM SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROFILE MODIFICATION; YIELD; WHEAT AB Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) and related soils predominate in the southern High Plains of the USA. They are slowly permeable but respond to deep tillage with increased irrigation water intake, A one-time deep moldboard plowing to 0.4-, 0.6-, or 0.8-m depths was performed in 1966 to evaluate the inversion and mixing of the slowly permeable Bt1 horizon with the Ap horizon. We hypothesized that these deep tillage effects would still be present after 25 yr, We report irrigation intake effects with 5 yr (four growing seasons) of cropping to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) beginning in 1988. After moldboard plowing to 0.2 m to restore surface tillage layer permeability, residual effects from the 1966 deep plowing caused an average increase in intake of 26% (129-163 mm) for the 0.4-m plow depth, compared with the 0.2-m check, for the first irrigation after tillage from 1988 to 1992, Irrigation intake increased 40% (52 mm) with 0.6-m deep plowing; however, there was no additional increase for 0.8-m plowing. Grain yields increased from 4.2 to 5.0 Mg ha(-1) (19%) for the 0.4-m or deeper plowing. The 1966 deep tillage also increased deep soil water storage between the 1- and 2.3-m depths during 1988 to 1992. Water use efficiencies were approximate to 8% greater for the deep plowing treatments. RP ALLEN, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1429 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700032 ER PT J AU LIEBIG, MA JONES, AJ DORAN, JW MIELKE, LN AF LIEBIG, MA JONES, AJ DORAN, JW MIELKE, LN TI POTENTIAL SOIL RESPIRATION AND RELATIONSHIP TO SOIL PROPERTIES IN RIDGE-TILLAGE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FILLED PORE-SPACE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; COMPACTION AB Differences in traffic and tillage intensity among positions in ridge tillage create distinctly different environments for microbial activity. This study was conducted to assess the impact of long-term controlled wheel traffic on soil respiration in ridge-till and to use correlation analysis to identify relationships between soil respiration and soil physical and chemical properties. Soil respiration was evaluated from 0 to 30 cm in one row, one tractor-trafficked interrow, and one nontrafficked interrow of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Soil respiration was measured on disturbed samples at three levels of water-filled pore space (WFPS) by gas chromatography for 25 d. Properties assessed included bulk density, soil strength, texture, aggregate-size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat), water retention characteristics, organic C, and total N. Soil respiration was greatest at 0 to 7.5 cm in each position and decreased significantly below that depth. Correlation analysis indicated microbial activity in ridge-till varied spatially in relation to changes in the soil physical environment. Soil respiration was negatively correlated with bulk density at each WFPS. The K-sat was positively correlated with soil respiration at 0 to 7.5 cm for each WFPS. Under drier soil conditions, as exemplified by 47% WFPS, aggregates <1.0 mm and gravitational water were positively correlated with soil respiration at the 0 to 7.5 cm. Soil environments characterized by bulk density <1.4 Mg m(-3) and K-sat >10 cm h(-1) were associated with respiration rates >4 and 12 mg CO2-C L(-1) soil d(-1), respectively. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1430 EP 1435 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700033 ER PT J AU HALVORSON, JJ SMITH, JL BOLTON, H ROSSI, RE AF HALVORSON, JJ SMITH, JL BOLTON, H ROSSI, RE TI EVALUATING SHRUB-ASSOCIATED SPATIAL PATTERNS OF SOIL PROPERTIES IN A SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM USING MULTIPLE-VARIABLE GEOSTATISTICS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PLANT SUCCESSION; DESERT ECOSYSTEM; LANDSCAPE; ECOLOGY; INFORMATION; HISTORIES; QUALITY; CARBON AB Geostatistics are often calculated for a single variable at a time, even though many natural phenomena are functions of several variables. The objective of this work was to demonstrate a nonparametric approach for assessing the spatial characteristics of multiple-variable phenomena. Specifically, we analyzed the spatial characteristics of resource islands in the soil under big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.), a dominant shrub in the intermountain western USA. For our example, we defined resource islands as a function of six soil variables representing concentrations of soil resources, populations of microorganisms, and soil microbial physiological variables. By collectively evaluating the indicator transformations of these individual variables, we created a new data set, termed a multiple-variable indicator transform or MVIT. Alternate MVITs were obtained by varying the selection criteria. Each MVIT was analyzed with variography to characterize spatial continuity, and with indicator kriging to predict the combined probability of their occurrence at unsampled locations in the landscape. Simple graphical analysis and variography demonstrated spatial dependence for all individual soil variables. Analysis also showed that ensembles of variables were not randomly distributed, but rather were correlated systematically within the landscape. Maps derived from ordinary kriging of MVITs suggested that the combined probabilities for encountering zones of above-median resources were greatest near big sagebrush. As the selection criteria for defining a resource island became more stringent, the area of the resource island decreased. Cross-variography revealed that big sagebrush was more positively correlated with MVIT resource islands than were grass species, the other major plant type. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, LAND MANAGEMENT & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RP HALVORSON, JJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, 215 JOHNSON HALL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 51 TC 52 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1476 EP 1487 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RU917 UT WOS:A1995RU91700039 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Edwards, JH Vepraskas, MJ Karlen, DL AF Busscher, WJ Edwards, JH Vepraskas, MJ Karlen, DL TI Residual effects of slit tillage and subsoiling in a hardpan soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil strength; penetrometer; deep tillage; hardpan AB Subsoiling and slit tillage can increase root growth through subsurface hardpans. In-row subsoiling fractures a section of the pan below the row. Slit tillage cuts a 3-mm-wide slit through the pan with a thin blade mounted on a shallow subsoil shank, Subsoiling is usually repeated annually, Slit tillage has been reported as an alternative to subsoiling that does not need to be repeated annually. This study was conducted to determine the longevity of the effects of tillage on a fine loamy Acrisol at Florence, South Carolina, USA. Corn (Zea mays) root growth, yield, and soil cone index were measured for 3 years in plots that had been slit tilled, in-row subsoiled, or no-tilled for 4 years immediately prior to the study. During the study, no plots were tilled. Three-year average corn yields were 5.08 Mg ha(-1) for residual slit-tilled treatments, 5.34 Mg ha(-1) for residual subsoiled treatments, and 5.07 Mg ha(-1) for the no-tilled treatments. Three-year mean profile cone indices were 2.53 MPa for residual slit-tilled treatments, 2.51 MPa for residual subsoiled treatments and 2.61 MPa for no-tilled treatments. Only 10% of the slits could be found 3 years after tillage, The lack of persistence of the slits was a result of either slit infilling with sand from the Ap horizon or collapse of the slit walls. Roots grew to a depth of at least 0.95 m in all treatments. Root growth was not correlated with yield. In this soil, residual subsoiled treatments gave higher yields than no-tillage treatments, but residual slit tillage did not. If deep tillage is not performed annually, subsoiling would be better than not tilling, but slit tillage would not. C1 USDA ARS,AUBURN,AL 36831. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 3039,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(95)00488-2 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TM504 UT WOS:A1995TM50400001 ER PT J AU Fuller, TK Nicholls, TH Kat, PW AF Fuller, TK Nicholls, TH Kat, PW TI Prey and estimated food consumption of African wild dogs in Kenya SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE African wild dog; canidae; food consumption; Kenya; predation ID SOUTHWESTERN KENYA; HUNTING SUCCESS AB During 1990, two radio-marked packs of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus [2-7 adults (> 1,0 yr) and 3-7 pups/pack] were monitored at three different times for 6-25 days each in the Masai Mara area of south-west Kenya to estimate prey consumption rates. Male Thomson's gazelles Gazella thomsoni and young wildebeests Connochaetes taurinus were the most common prey. During either a morning (n = 19) or evening (n = 26) monitoring session, some packs did not hunt (11-45% of sessions) or hunted unsuccessfully (60-100% success/session). Packs sometimes lost part or all of a kill (0-27% of kills) to avian or mammalian scavengers. Minimum estimated consumption rates for all three packs (0,08-0,20 kg prey/kg dog/day) seemed to reflect, at a minimum, variation in hunting success, age of pups, and competition with other species (related to pack size). C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,GRAD PROGRAM ORGAN & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NATL MUSEUMS KENYA,DEPT MOLEC GENET,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP Fuller, TK (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT FORESTRY & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU BUREAU SCIENTIFIC PUBL PI PRETORIA PA P O BOX 1758, PRETORIA 0001, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0379-4369 J9 S AFR J WILDL RES JI South Afr. J. Wildl. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA TY451 UT WOS:A1995TY45100005 ER PT J AU HENNEBERRY, TJ HENDRIX, DH PERKINS, HH NARANJO, SE FLINT, HM AKEY, D JECH, LF BURKE, RA AF HENNEBERRY, TJ HENDRIX, DH PERKINS, HH NARANJO, SE FLINT, HM AKEY, D JECH, LF BURKE, RA TI BEMISIA ARGENTIFOLII (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) POPULATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS TO STICKY COTTON AND COTTON YIELDS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PHLOEM SAP; TABACI AB Numbers of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring were lower in experimental plots in 1991 than 1993 or 1994 and lower in 1994 than 1993. Adults in black pan samples were positively correlated to numbers of eggs and nymphs, and nymphs were positively correlated with eggs from whole leaf samples in 1991 and from 3.88 cm(2) leaf discs in 1993 and 1994. In 1991, minicard sticky cotton ratings (0.0 to 0.3) for lint were low but positively correlated to numbers of B. argentifolii adults, adults and nymphs, but not nymphs alone. In 1993, B. argentifolii numbers and minicard sticky cotton ratings were higher in untreated plots than in plots treated with three or six insecticide applications during the season. Similar results occurred in 1994 when six insecticide applications were applied, three specifically for B. argentifolii control. Trehalulose and melezitose were correlated positively to minicard sticky cotton ratings in 1993 and thermodetector ratings in 1994. B. argentifolii adults, nymphs, and adults plus nymphs also were correlated to the insect-produced sugars, trehalulose and melezitose in both years. B. argentifolii populations were significantly and negatively correlated to cotton lint yields in 1994, but not in 1991. RP HENNEBERRY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 255 EP 271 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ526 UT WOS:A1995RZ52600003 ER PT J AU GUERRERO, FD AF GUERRERO, FD TI CHANGES IN HORN FLY HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS (L) (DIPTERA, MUSCIDNE) TRANSLATABLE RNA ASSOCIATED WITH FEEDING AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; BLOOD MEAL; TRYPSIN; INSECTS; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITO AB Poly(A) RNA was purified from mature adult, larval and pupal stages of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), and newly emerged adult flies which had been fed citrated bovine blood for 0, 20 and 60 min or a buffered saline solution for 20 min. These RNAs were characterized by in vitro translation and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fluorography and autoradiography. Several RNA in vitro translation products were detected which appear to be stage-specific while others are possibly regulated by gut enlargement following feeding. These putative feeding-induced RNAs, some of which respond within 20 min of engorging on the first blood meal, may be transcribed from genes responding to feeding-induced gut distension changes. RP GUERRERO, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LA,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ526 UT WOS:A1995RZ52600004 ER PT J AU FLINT, HM HENNEBERRY, TJ WILSON, FD HOLGUIN, E PARKS, N BUEHLER, RE AF FLINT, HM HENNEBERRY, TJ WILSON, FD HOLGUIN, E PARKS, N BUEHLER, RE TI THE EFFECTS OF TRANSGENIC COTTON, GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L, CONTAINING BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN GENES FOR THE CONTROL OF THE PINK-BOLLWORM, PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA (SAUNDERS) LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE AND OTHER ARTHROPODS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., lines expressing gene constructions (Bollgard(TM) genes) from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) that encode for Delta endotoxins were tested in field plots in 1993 and 1994 for resistance to pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), and leaf-feeding Lepidoptera [primarily cotton leafperforator. Bucculatrix thurberiella (Busck), cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, (Hubner), beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigna (Hubner), and saltmarsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury)]. The transgenic lines plus parental cultivar Coker 312, and locally adapted cultivar Deltapine-50 (DPL-50) were planted in a randomized block design arranged in split plots and maintained by standard grower practices. Resistance to pink bollworm was determined from boil samples collected throughout the season. Reductions in pink bollworm infestations of transgenic lines compared to Coker 312 were 93-99% in 1993 and 93 to nearly 100% in 1994. Damage to leaves by leaf-feeding Lepidoptera was limited to initial feedings sites in all transgenic lines compared to more extensive skeletonization in the two control cultivars. There were no significant differences in numbers of six beneficial insect species or Lygus hesperus Knight in sweep-net samples collected from the different lines. Coker 312 and related transgenic lines generally had comparable numbers of immature silverleaf whiteflies, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, although significant differences in immatures were found between lines each year. DPL-50 had comparable (1993) or lower (1994) infestations of silverleaf whiteflies than the other entries. These results indicate transgenic cotton lines containing Bollgard(TM) Penes are highly resistant to pink bollworm and certain leaf-feeding Lepidoptera, but these lines have little direct effect on other insects. C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP FLINT, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 281 EP 292 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ526 UT WOS:A1995RZ52600005 ER PT J AU NORDLUND, DA CORREA, JA AF NORDLUND, DA CORREA, JA TI DESCRIPTION OF GREEN LACEWING NEUROPTERA, CHRYSOPIDAE ADULT FEEDING AND OVIPOSITION UNITS AND A SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE-BASED EGG HARVESTING SYSTEM SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Cylindrical and cubic Adult Feeding and Oviposition Units (AFOUs) for Chrysoperla spp. were developed that contain ca. 5.4 and 9.3 times the internal surface area (with higher internal surface:volume ratios) of the traditional 11.36 liter (3 gal) cardboard AFOU. These new AFOUs can hold ca. 2,500 and 4,500 adults, respectively, compared to ca. 500 adults in the traditional AFOU. A device that uses CO2 to anesthetize adults was developed to facilitate transfer of adults from one AFOU to another. Harvest of eggs from both new AFOUs involved use of a sodium hypochlorite-based egg harvesting procedure. Egg harvest takes only ca. 1 min per unit and yields essentially stalk-free eggs. RP NORDLUND, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,SARL,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 293 EP 301 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ526 UT WOS:A1995RZ52600006 ER PT J AU SNODGRASS, GL ELZEN, GW AF SNODGRASS, GL ELZEN, GW TI INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN A TARNISHED PLANT BUG POPULATION IN COTTON IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HESPERUS KNIGHT HEMIPTERA; MIRIDAE AB The efficacy of four organophosphate (acephate, azinphos-methyl, dicrotophos, and methyl parathion), two carbamate (carbofuran and oxamyl), and one cyclodiene (endosulfan) insecticides for control of tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), was determined in a field test in cotton during July 1994 at Stoneville, Mississippi. All insecticides were ineffective in controlling plant bugs in the field. Significant resistance (compared with a susceptible laboratory strain) in adults to dicrotophos, methyl parathion and permethrin (resistance ratios of 2.3, 8.4, and 8.3, respectively) was found using a glass vial bioassay. Results from caging adults from the field on cotton terminals treated with insecticide using a spray chamber indicated that the control failure in the field was due in part to resistance; however, other field conditions not measured in the tests also contributed to the lack of control. RP SNODGRASS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ526 UT WOS:A1995RZ52600008 ER PT J AU AHRENS, EH DAVEY, RB GEORGE, JE PEMBERTON, JR AF AHRENS, EH DAVEY, RB GEORGE, JE PEMBERTON, JR TI MANAGEMENT OF A PHOSMET-CHARGED DIPPING VAT AND THE CONTROL OF BOOPHILUS-ANNULATUS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB An 11.6% emulsifiable concentrate of phosmet (Prolate(R)) was evaluated in a dipping vat to determine its stability and other characteristics pertaining to management of the product in a vat in which large numbers of cattle were processed. A separate trial was done to determine efficacy of the product for the control of Boophilus annulatus (Say) on cattle. In the vat management test, triple superphosphate, CaH4(PO4)(2), was added to the vat contents during the initial charge to maintain an acidic pH. The phosmet in the vat remained stable while 2,303 head of cattle were dipped over the 5.5 mo test period. The pH remained between 3.6 and 5.3 without adding additional buffer. Phosmet is stripped as vat contents are carried out of the vat on the bodies of treated cattle; the vat was replenished at the manufacturers recommended rate five times during the test. The efficacy of five concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.12% AI) of phosmet were tested. The two lowest concentrations controlled 97.9 and 99.9% of the ticks; concentrations of 0.05% AI or higher provided 100% control. RP AHRENS, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,POB 969,MISSION,TX 78573, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ526 UT WOS:A1995RZ52600010 ER PT J AU LATHEEF, MA DAILEY, OD AF LATHEEF, MA DAILEY, OD TI TOXICITY OF BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES OF SULPROFOS AGAINST TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE ON COTTON SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Formulations of the beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) complex of sulprofos and an EC (emulsifiable concentrate) formulation of sulprofos were compared for toxicity against the tobacco budworm (TBW), Heliothis virescens (F.), on cotton. None of the formulations of the BCD complex of sulprofos was as efficacious as the EC formulation throughout the entire evaluation period. Formulations BCD1 and BCD3 suspended in 0.25% Airvol 205 solution exhibited enhanced toxicity compared to a formulation with no additives (BCD6). Addition of xanthan gum as a suspending agent at 0.8% (BCD2) improved toxicity, but not at 0.5% (BCD4). All formulations were toxic to TBW at 0 days after treatment (DAT). Formulations BCD1 and BCD3 exhibited diminished toxicity compared to sulprofos EC at 3, 5 and 7 DAT. Formulation BCD2 was the most efficacious of the BCD formulations of sulprofos, exhibiting significantly less control than the EC formulation only at 5 DAT when applied at 1.12 kg (AI)/ha. C1 USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. RP LATHEEF, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT, SO CROPS RES LAB, ROUTE 5, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ526 UT WOS:A1995RZ52600012 ER PT J AU RAULSTON, JR LINGREN, PD AF RAULSTON, JR LINGREN, PD TI IMPLICATIONS OF NOCTUID MIGRATION - INTRODUCTION SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPODOPTERA-EXEMPTA; AFRICAN ARMYWORM; LEPIDOPTERA; RANGE; MOTH; MIGRANT; RADAR; CORN C1 USDA ARS,CIPMRU,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP RAULSTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CIRCU,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300001 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, JD BEERWINKLE, KR WITZ, JA GOODENOUGH, JL AF LOPEZ, JD BEERWINKLE, KR WITZ, JA GOODENOUGH, JL TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF CATCHES IN PHEROMONE TRAPS OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE AND HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE IN CENTRAL TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; AREA; MISSISSIPPI; MIGRATION; EMERGENCE; CORN AB Sex pheromone trapping was conducted in an agricultural area located primarily in Burleson and Brazos counties in Central Texas during 1990 and 1991 to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of catches of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Traps for both species were spaced at about 3.2 km intervals and were operated in lines radiating from the center of a study area with a diameter of about 48 km (1,830 km(2)) in 1990. the number of traps was reduced by about half. represents a diverse agroecosystem with intensive irrigated and dryland cropped areas primarily in cotton, but with some acreage of corn, sorghum, and other crops. Uncropped areas consist of native and improved pastures, plantings for winter pastures, and areas with concentrations of wild hosts. Temporally, there were earlier and much higher catches of X. tea than X. virescens in the spring. Catches in traps of X. tea declined to a low point in mid-August; however, dramatic increases in late August and early September persisted until mid-October. Immigration from northern areas is suspected as the cause of the late season increases because local populations alone could not account for the magnitude of the captures. In contrast, catches of X. virescens were low starting with initial captures in early April and increased very gradually until July when numbers increased dramatically to the highest levels of the season from late August to mid-October. Initial captures in early April were synchronized with the period of expected X. virescens overwintering emergence. The pattern of H. virescens population build-up was keyed to the period of rapid cotton fruiting, especially in irrigated cotton, which appears to indicate a local origin for this species. The spatial pattern of catches indicated that H. virescens adult activity was significantly more concentrated than X. tea in the cropped than the uncropped areas at mid-season. Cotton, especially the intensively managed irrigated acreage, appears to play a major role in the activity patterns of EI. virescens. Understanding the role of these proposed factors in the population dynamics of both species will aid in the development of areawide pest management approaches. RP LOPEZ, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,2771 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 5 EP 24 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300002 ER PT J AU WESTBROOK, JK RAULSTON, JR WOLF, WW PAIR, SD EYSTER, RS LINGREN, PD AF WESTBROOK, JK RAULSTON, JR WOLF, WW PAIR, SD EYSTER, RS LINGREN, PD TI FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND SIMULATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT OF NOCTUIDS FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO AND THE SOUTH-CENTRAL US SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ZEA BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA; TEXAS; MIGRATION; MOVEMENT; PESTS AB Nocturnal measurements documented the vertical profile of the atmospheric environment during May and June from 1984 to 1990. This time corresponded to peak emergence of Helicoverpa tea (Boddie) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) from 2x10(5) ha of mature corn in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas and Mexico. The atmospheric data revealed a maximum average relative humidity of about 85% between 400 m and 600 m altitude. Average cloud cover ranged annually from 26 to 58%. Average air temperature of 22.5 degrees C at 500 m Above Ground Level (AGL) was significantly cooler in 1987 than in any year except 1990. Maximum average wind speed ranged from 9.3 m/s to 15.2 m/s and was located between 400 m and 600 m AGL. Nightly atmospheric trajectories at 500 m AGL were calculated from an origin near Weslaco, Texas, on the northern perimeter of an expansive corn growing area. Atmospheric trajectory endpoints representing two-night displacement from Weslaco were scattered annually across Texas, except west of the-Big-Bend-area. Trajectory endpoints were frequently located in Oklahoma and less frequently in Arkansas and Louisiana. Atmospheric trajectory calculations underestimated moth flight from the LRGV that was measured by an airborne radar on the night of 20 June 1989. An error of 164 km, over the 7.67 h radar tracking period, was likely due to a combination of wind speed acceleration along the flight path, wind direction changes along the flight path, moth flight speed, and the moth flight crab angle with respect to the ambient wind direction. Results of this study will contribute to the predictability of long-distance dispersal and subsequent infestations by migratory pest insects. C1 USDA ARS,SPA,SCIRU,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,SPA,SCARL,LANE,OK 74555. RP WESTBROOK, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,AWPMRU,2771 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 25 EP 44 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300003 ER PT J AU WOLF, WW WESTBROOK, JK RAULSTON, JR PAIR, SD LINGREN, PD AF WOLF, WW WESTBROOK, JK RAULSTON, JR PAIR, SD LINGREN, PD TI RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF ORIENTATION OF NOCTUIDS MIGRATING FROM CORN FIELDS IN THE LOWER RIO-GRANDE VALLEY SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB This paper describes measurements of orientation behavior of insects migrating from corn fields located in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of northeastern Mexico and south Texas. Radar, biological, and meteorological data were collected during May and June of 1985 to 1990. The two species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) that dominated the radar echoes were corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Common alignment of the insects' body axes occurred during each night (n = 84). Crab angles (difference between insect alignment and wind displacement direction) were 30 degrees or greater during 85% of those nights when alignment occurred for more than 1 hr, and aligned insects occurred within a layer 200 m or greater in thickness. Alignment was perpendicular to the wind direction when the wind was from the SE. Minimum and maximum fallout areas were simulated by assuming various flight behaviors. These simulations indicate that collective orientation changes the mean displacement of migrants with respect to wind displacement and decreases fallout area when compared with random orientation. A smaller fallout area implies a greater concentration of migrants in the fallout area. Thus, collective orientation can impact agricultural production and gene mixing. Also, significance of orientation behavior varies inversely with wind speed and size of source area. C1 USDA ARS,SPA,SCIRU,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,SPA,SCARS,LANE,OK 74555. RP WOLF, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOA,AWPMRU,2771 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 45 EP 61 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300004 ER PT J AU BEERWINKLE, KR LOPEZ, JD SCHLEIDER, PG LINGREN, PD AF BEERWINKLE, KR LOPEZ, JD SCHLEIDER, PG LINGREN, PD TI ANNUAL PATTERNS OF AERIAL INSECT DENSITIES AT ALTITUDES FROM 500 TO 2400 METERS IN EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS INDICATED BY CONTINUOUSLY-OPERATING VERTICALLY-ORIENTED RADAR SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE MIGRATION; SPODOPTERA-EXEMPTA; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; ARMYWORM MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; GRASSHOPPERS; ORTHOPTERA; EMERGENCE; LOOKING AB Aerial insect densities were monitored continuously with an automated, vertically-oriented x-band radar system in the Brazos River Valley area of Burleson County near College Station, TX during most of 1990 and 1991. The-primary emphasis of the research was the study of long-distance movement and flight behavior of noctuids which are important pests of several agricultural crops. The sensitivity of the radar system was such that noctuid-sized insects could be detected at a maximum altitude of about 2450 m. Aerial densities of flying insects were determined by automatic counting of radar-detected targets in 64 discrete range intervals spanning the altitude range from ground level to 2432 m. Insect densities were typically highest near ground level, they decreased nonlinearly with increasing altitude, and they were considerably reduced at altitudes above 800 m. There were apparent periodicities in the aerial densities during both years which were probably caused by interactions of the flight behaviors of several insect species, insect reproduction cycles, and the effects of seasonal weather patterns. The data indicated that continuously-operating vertically-oriented radar systems can provide information useful to the understanding of the spatial and temporal character of insect movement. RP BEERWINKLE, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,SCRL,ROUTE 5,BOX 808,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 63 EP 79 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300005 ER PT J AU RAULSTON, JR WESTBROOK, JK LOERA, J PAIR, SD LINGREN, PD RUMMEL, DR AF RAULSTON, JR WESTBROOK, JK LOERA, J PAIR, SD LINGREN, PD RUMMEL, DR TI TEMPORAL OCCURRENCE OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE (BODDIE), POPULATIONS ON CORN IN THE LOWER RIO-GRANDE VALLEY, UVALDE AND LUBBOCK, TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID POLLEN; EARWORM; MOTHS; MIGRATION; RADAR; RANGE AB Corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), pheromone trap capture, larval infestation and adult emergence was monitored in corn in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (26.2 degrees N, 98.0 degrees W), Uvalde (29,2 degrees N, 99.7 degrees W), and Lubbock (33.5 degrees N, 101.8 degrees W), Texas. On a regional scale, larval infestation of fruiting corn and emergence from pupae excavated from maturing corn fields provided discrete population events that were well separated by location. In most instances trap capture of adults appears, on a local scale, to be related to these two events. However, in early season, the variability observed in trap capture and larval infestations on vegetative corn within regions provide difficulty in temporally defining the occurrence of meaningful events related to these variables across regions. When ambient air temperatures and wind velocity occurring during trap capture peaks were compared to those occurring two days prior and two days after after the peaks only minor correlations were observed. The implications are that trap capture values did not abruptly change with either significantly warmer or cooler temperatures or with increased or decreased zonal or meridional wind speed. We conclude that the atmospheric factors used as independent predictor variables were not correlated with the response of corn earworm males to pheromone traps, or with the long-distance atmospheric transport of populations into the trapping area. Our data further show that simulated nocturnal within regions, provide a mechanism for determining the atmospheric systems available to transport moths from one region to another. RP RAULSTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 81 EP 100 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300006 ER PT J AU PAIR, SD WESTBROOK, JK AF PAIR, SD WESTBROOK, JK TI AGROECOLOGICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL FACTORS POTENTIALLY INFLUENCING ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE POPULATIONS AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FALL ARMYWORM; CORN; INFESTATIONS; MANAGEMENT; TRAPS AB Economic infestations of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), have rarely occurred in the Southeastern U.S. during the past several years. The author suggests that changes in agronomic practices (primarily the decreased corn acreages in source areas) interacting with interannual climatological variables are primary factors responsible for the decline. Precipitation appeared to be the primary factor influencing fall armyworm population levels at the overwintering site near Belle Glade, Florida. However results of the study suggest that temperature and the availability of weather transport systems were the most important climatic factors governing fall armyworm abundance at Tifton, Georgia. RP PAIR, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 101 EP 118 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300007 ER PT J AU SHOWERS, WB KEASTER, AJ RAULSTON, JR GOODENOUGH, JL HENDRIX, WH WAY, MO ROBINSON, JF AF SHOWERS, WB KEASTER, AJ RAULSTON, JR GOODENOUGH, JL HENDRIX, WH WAY, MO ROBINSON, JF TI SEASONAL MIGRATION OF THE BLACK CUTWORM LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH; POLLEN; TEXAS AB Adult populations of black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), males were monitored 1 June to 31 December 19851987. Texas 70-50-cm cone traps baited with sex pheromone were located north to south, 41 degrees 45'N to 25 degrees 45'N latitude, at Ankeny, Iowa; Columbia, Missouri; Crowley, Louisiana; and Beaumont, College Station, and Brownsville, Texas. Forecasts of nightly near-surface (100-300 m) airflow were recorded from 18 weather stations in the midcontinental United States. Average moth capture summed per 2-week interval for each Gulf Coast location was regressed upon nights of near surface northerly flow (southward displacement) summed per 2-week interval and also on average moth capture summed per 2-week interval at Ankeny or Columbia. Near-surface northerly flow was not a limiting factor at Crowley or Beaumont. Increased moth capture at Crowley was associated with decreased moth capture at Ankeny and Columbia during 1987. Although not significant, there was a consistent relationship between increased capture at Beaumont and decreased capture at Ankeny. Farther west, in south-central Texas, there was strong evidence for moths captured at College Station to be related to near-surface northerly flow (one of three years) and to source moths (two of three years) from Ankeny. Farther south and west, capture at Brownsville was also associated with near-surface northerly flow two of three years of the study. During 1987, similar to moth capture at Crowley, moth capture at Brownsville was related to source moths from Ankeny. These results suggest that near-surface (100-300 m) northerly winds may be responsible for autumnal southward migration of black cutworm moths. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP SHOWERS, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 119 EP 134 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300008 ER PT J AU PAIR, SD RAULSTON, JR SPARKS, AN WESTBROOK, JK WOLF, WW GOODENOUGH, JL AF PAIR, SD RAULSTON, JR SPARKS, AN WESTBROOK, JK WOLF, WW GOODENOUGH, JL TI A PROSPECTUS - IMPACT OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE (BODDIE) PRODUCTION FROM CORN IN THE LOWER RIO-GRANDE VALLEY ON REGIONAL CROPPING SYSTEMS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TEXAS HIGH-PLAINS; MIGRATION; EARWORM; RANGE; SURVIVAL AB Corn production in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico during June, and on the Texas High Plains in late summer, annually provides areas for the production of billions of corn earworm/cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), adults. Strong evidence indicates that adult populations emerging in June in the Lower Rio Grande Valley typically undertake long-distance flights via weather transport systems to more northern latitudes such as the Texas High Plains. However, pheromone trap capture data taken from Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas did not consistently indicate a relationship between the density of corn earworms produced in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and subsequent downwind corn earworm trap captures and percentage yield losses in cotton during 1984-1989. In 1984, when corn earworm production in the Lower Rio Grande Valley was the second lowest of the study, the highest trap captures of corn earworm were observed at all recipient locations except Dallas. However, when corn earworm production levels were comparable in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (1986, 1988, and 1989), captures of corn earworm in pheromone traps during June and July at Lubbock and College Station, Texas, and Bossier city, Louisiana, tended to be similar at their respective locations. The lowest production of corn earworm in the Rio Grande Valley corn crop (1987) resulted in the lowest trap captures at all study locations. At present, it is exceedingly difficult to assess the specific impact of migrating corn earworms on crops grown in areas such as the Texas High Plains during June and July. However, the estimated annual cost of insecticides to control corn earworm in pre-bloom cotton on the Texas High Plains, in years of moderate populations, is approximately $2 million dollars. Later generations of corn earworm that develop on the approximately 110,000 ha of corn on the High Plains apparently account for the annual, chronic infestations in cotton during August and September. Thus, the association between corn earworm immigration in June and July and the resulting damaging populations that occur in corn and cotton during late season is highly suspect but requires additional research for confirmation. The authors address the various facets of the disciplines involved in investigating the processes, implications of corn earworm migration, and express the need to expand and continue long-term, area-wide, cooperative research on potential source areas for corn earworm populations. RP PAIR, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1995 SU 18 BP 155 EP 167 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RZ803 UT WOS:A1995RZ80300010 ER PT J AU MARMER, WN CARDAMONE, JM GUOPING, B CASADO, F AF MARMER, WN CARDAMONE, JM GUOPING, B CASADO, F TI SINGLE BATH FULL BLEACHING OF WOOL USING SODIUM TRITHIOCYANURATE IN-PLACE OF THIOUREA SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BLEACHING; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; SODIUM TRITHIOCYANURATE; THIOUREA; WOOL AB A single bath full bleaching procedure for textile materials has been developed. In this procedure, following oxidative bleaching using hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bath is converted to a reductive bath by addition of thiourea and bleaching continues without the need for a fresh bath for the reductive step. Such full bleaching is easy, economical and very effective in inducing improved whiteness. One drawback is the toxic nature of thiourea. Thiourea, though easily handled and thoroughly consumed in this procedure, is classified as a carcinogen unlike its oxidized counterpart, thiourea dioxide (formamidinesulfinic acid). This work presents how thiourea may be replaced by sodium trithiocyanurate (Na(3)TTCA), which is not classified as a carcinogen. Full bleaching with the modified protocol is just as effective as the procedure using thiourea, but Na(3)TTCA was found to be most effective at 90% of the stoichiometric weight to peroxide, as opposed to 70% for thiourea; the Na(3)TTCA process was more sensitive to the pH of the rinse bath than the thiourea process; and the Na(3)TTCA reagent is more expensive than thiourea. Nevertheless, the attractiveness of using Na(3)TTCA is the avoidance of a potential carcinogen and achievement of exceptional whiteness over conventional peroxide bleaching. RP MARMER, WN (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 9 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RU993 UT WOS:A1995RU99300006 ER PT J AU ROUSSELLE, MA CHUN, DTW AF ROUSSELLE, MA CHUN, DTW TI ENDOTOXIN REDUCTION IN DUST FROM HEATED COTTON FIBERS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Cotton was heated in a gas-fired pilot plant dryer at temperatures previously shown to reduce endotoxin levels in fiber. Heating at 255 degrees C for 20 seconds reduced the endotoxin content of dust collected from the fibers by 90% as measured by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. However, heat detoxification at 255 degrees C had a detrimental effect on fiber physical properties as evaluated by high volume-instrument testing, with a 24% reduction in fiber strength, a 6% reduction in length, and a 7% reduction in uniformity index. Dust release from cotton heated at 255 degrees C was three times that from unheated cotton. C1 USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP ROUSSELLE, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 65 IS 9 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.1177/004051759506500902 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RQ716 UT WOS:A1995RQ71600002 ER PT J AU SAWHNEY, APS KIMMEL, LB AF SAWHNEY, APS KIMMEL, LB TI TANDEM SPINNING SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYESTER AB A new concept of tandem spinning to produce true, all-staple, core-wrap yarn at high speeds was first disclosed in a paper that reported the results of an initial feasibility study. That study successfully demonstrated the viability of tandem spinning, although it did so by using separate elements of air-jet and friction spinning technologies in a ''phased'' or sequential manner. Continued research has resulted in the development of a totally integrated tandem spinning system, which produces a unique, all-staple, core-wrap, composite yarn continuously and without interruption. The resulting tandem spun yarn is torque-balanced, soft, yet strong. The production speed is at least ten times greater than conventional ring spinning and twice as fast as the phased or sequential tandem spinning reported earlier. Yam counts up to 30 tex (Ne 20's) have been successfully spun on a prototype machine in a textile pilot plant. The resulting yarn quality is satisfactory for downstream processes, including weaving. Preliminary studies indicate that the properties of fabrics made with the unique tandem spun, core-wrap yarns are also satisfactory. Significant commercial potential is envisioned for the new spinning system. Large-scale spinning and weaving trials are currently underway for commercial evaluation. Patent applications have been filed to protect the invention domestically and internationally. RP SAWHNEY, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 65 IS 9 BP 550 EP 555 DI 10.1177/004051759506500911 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RQ716 UT WOS:A1995RQ71600011 ER PT J AU ZHU, H REICHARD, DL OZKAN, HE BRAZEE, RD FOX, RD AF ZHU, H REICHARD, DL OZKAN, HE BRAZEE, RD FOX, RD TI A MATHEMATICAL-MODEL TO PREDICT THE WEAR RATE OF NOZZLES WITH ELLIPTIC ORIFICES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NOZZLE WEAR; SPRAY ID PATTERNS AB A mathematical model was developed to predict orifice wear rate for fan-pattern, spray nozzles. Variables affecting nozzle wear rate in the model are usage time, spray pressure, initial orifice size, effective coefficient of friction between orifice wall and fluid, orifice material, and the fluid. Spray-pattern measurements for new and worn orifices verified that wear mainly increased minor-axis length of the elliptical orifice with very little wear at the ends of the major axis. There was good agreement between predicted and measured flow rate increases for worn orifices with various materials and nominal capacities for up to about 38% increase in flow rate relative to new orifices. Both the model and experiments indicated nozzle wear rate increased with usage time, spray pressure, effective coefficient of friction between nozzle orifice wall and fluid and ratio of major to minor axis of the elliptical orifice. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP ZHU, H (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1303 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TB040 UT WOS:A1995TB04000003 ER PT J AU BAKER, RV GILLUM, MN HUGHS, SE AF BAKER, RV GILLUM, MN HUGHS, SE TI PRESEPARATORS AND CYCLONES FOR THE COLLECTION OF STRIPPER COTTON TRASH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE PRESEPARATORS; CYCLONES; COTTON TRASH; COTTON GINS; DUST; PARTICULATE MATERIALS AB Three experiments were conducted to evaluate several combinations of a preseparator and cyclones for the collection of gin trash from stripper-harvested cotton. Preseparator efficiency increased as the air velocity inside the preseparator decreased. A 90% efficient preseparator design reduced dust emissions from a 2D2D cyclone by about 8%, but offered no such improvements for a 1D3D cyclone. In two of three experiments the preseparator actually tended to increase emissions from the 1D3D cyclone. This adverse effect was attributed to a problem of lint recirculation in the cyclone's cone section near the trash outlet. Preseparation tended to exacerbate this problem, especially for the 1D3D cyclone. C1 USDA ARS,SW COTTON GINNING RES LAB,MESILLA PK,NM. USDA ARS,COTTON PROD & PROC RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1335 EP 1342 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TB040 UT WOS:A1995TB04000008 ER PT J AU FRAISSE, CW DUKE, HR HEERMANN, DF AF FRAISSE, CW DUKE, HR HEERMANN, DF TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF VARIABLE WATER APPLICATION WITH PULSE IRRIGATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; SPRINKLERS; CENTER PIVOT; SOLENOID VALVES AB A linear-move irrigation system was recently installed at the Colorado State University Agricultural Research, Development and Education Center (ARDEC). This machine will be used for small plot studies emphasizing conjunctive management of irrigation water and chemicals for both protection of groundwater quality and for optimizing production from limited water supplies. It is necessary to control water and chemical applications both along the lateral line and in the direction of travel because of the many small plots under the machine. Laboratory tests showed that electrical solenoid valves can be pulsed as a means of obtaining a wide range of-application rates to plot areas, so long as pulse frequency is less than I min. We concluded that water application under pulsed conditions was directly proportional to the fraction of time the valve was opened, and that the technique is viable for controlling applications to research plots. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,AERC,USDA ARS NPA,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV FLORENCE,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1363 EP 1369 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TB040 UT WOS:A1995TB04000011 ER PT J AU FRAISSE, CW HEERMANN, DF DUKE, HR AF FRAISSE, CW HEERMANN, DF DUKE, HR TI SIMULATION OF VARIABLE WATER APPLICATION WITH LINEAR-MOVE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; LEPA; PRESCRIPTION FARMING; SPRINKLERS; IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT; SELF-PROPELLED SYSTEMS AB A linear-move irrigation system was recently installed at the Colorado State University Agricultural Research, Development and Education Center (ARDEC). This machine will be used for small plot studies emphasizing conjunctive management of irrigation water and chemicals for both protection of groundwater quality and optimizing production from limited water supplies. Because of the many small plots under the machine, it is necessary to control water and chemical applications both along the lateral line and in the direction of travel. Electrical solenoid valves are used to pulse the flow through sprinkler heads as a means of obtaining a wide range of application rates to plot areas. A simulation model for evaluating center pivot systems was adapted to simulate linear move systems operating under normal and pulsed conditions. Donut-shaped stationary water distribution patterns were added to the model to represent the distribution of low pressure sprinkler heads. The model was used to simulate the performance of the system under various pulsed conditions. Field evaluations were carried out to verify simulation results. A coefficient of uniformity exceeding 90% was obtained with a pulsing frequency of I cycle/min and a percent timer setting at less than 50%. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,AERC,USDA ARS NPA,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1376 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TB040 UT WOS:A1995TB04000012 ER PT J AU RICE, CE KADAVY, KC AF RICE, CE KADAVY, KC TI RIPRAP DESIGN FOR PIPE SPILLWAY OUTLETS -1.0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-TW/D-0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-0.7 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RIPRAP DESIGN; SPILLWAY; OUTLET PIPE; PLUNGE POOL; SUBMERGENCE AB This study was conducted to develop criteria to determine the geometry of riprap-lined plunge pools downstream of pipe spillways with tailwater elevations in the range of 1.0 pipe diameter below to 0.7 pipe diameter above the outlet invert elevation. Dimensionless relationships were developed to determine the dimensions of plunge pool and riprap size required for stability using a laboratory-scaled physical model with the following test conditions: pipe diameter (D-0; 0.0628 and 0.0884 m); tailwater elevations (TW/D-0; 0.7, 0.5, 0.25, 0.0, and -1.0); riprap sizes (0.127 less than or equal to D-50/D-0 less than or equal to 0.707); downstream channel bed elevations (Z/D-0; 0.0, -0.5, and -1.0); and flows varying from 0.0 to 11.5 Q(2)/gD(0)(5). Example design problems are presented to illustrate use of the recommended design procedure. The design equations will result in stable riprap-lined plunge pools downstream of pipe spillways at -1.0 less than or equal to TW/D-0 less than or equal to 0.7 over a wide range of flow conditions. RP RICE, CE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1411 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TB040 UT WOS:A1995TB04000016 ER PT J AU POTTER, KN TORBERT, HA MORRISON, JE AF POTTER, KN TORBERT, HA MORRISON, JE TI TILLAGE AND RESIDUE EFFECTS ON INFILTRATION AND SEDIMENT LOSSES ON VERTISOLS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; VERTISOLS; WATER INFILTRATION ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CLAY SOILS; INFILTROMETERS; DEGRADATION; DESIGN AB Management effects on water infiltration in vertisols is not well understood. Rainfall simulators and ponded and tension infiltrometers were used to characterize water infiltration rates as affected by traffic, crop residue, and tillage. Management was characterized by controlled traffic, with wide beds with either no-till or annual chisel-tillage on a Houston Black Clay soil (fine montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts), a self-mulching vertisol. Traffic greatly reduced water infiltration rates compared to nontracked areas. Soil disturbance resulting from tillage in nontraffic areas was nor a significant variable in determining water infiltration rates. Rather, tillage effects on surface residue cover were more important in determining water infiltration rates. Surface residue was effective in controlling erosion from the wide bed management practices used in these studies. Erosion losses were greater than 4 t ha(-1) for the wet runs from both the no-till and tilled beds without adequate residue cover. Surface residue reduced erosion losses to less than one-tenth that of an unprotected surface. RP POTTER, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1413 EP 1419 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TB040 UT WOS:A1995TB04000017 ER PT J AU WORKMAN, SR WARD, AD FAUSEY, NR NOKES, SE AF WORKMAN, SR WARD, AD FAUSEY, NR NOKES, SE TI ATRAZINE AND ALACHLOR DISSIPATION RATES FROM FIELD EXPERIMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; MSEA; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT ID SOIL; HERBICIDES; LOSSES AB Chemical transport is being monitored in the root zone of three agricultural management systems at the Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area (OMSEA). Atrazine and alachlor concentration data from soil cores taken to a depth of 0.9 m and partitioned into the increments of 0.0 to 0.15, 0.15 to 0.3, 0.45 to 0.6, and 0.75 to 0.9 m show the herbicides remained in the top 0.15 m of the profile during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. The slow movement of herbicides was partly due to below normal rainfall during the period. Since the herbicides have not been transported out of the soil profile, dissipation rates could be determined from the field observations. The data collected follow first-order kinetics in the dissipation of atrazine during the 1991 and 1992 growing season and of alachlor during the 1991 growing season for the two- to three-month period following chemical application. The computed rate constant, k, was 0.02 d(-1) and half-life, t(1/2), was 35 days for atrazine for both years. A rate constant of 0.04 d(-1) and half-life of 17 days were computed for alachlor. The degradation rates became slower with residence time in the soil as a result of decreased availability from sorption/binding in the soil. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP WORKMAN, SR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,105 AGR ENGN BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1421 EP 1425 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TB040 UT WOS:A1995TB04000018 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, JA MASSIE, DR UPCHURCH, BL HRUSCHKA, WR AF ABBOTT, JA MASSIE, DR UPCHURCH, BL HRUSCHKA, WR TI NONDESTRUCTIVE SONIC FIRMNESS MEASUREMENT OF APPLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE APPLE QUALITY; FRUIT FIRMNESS; INSPECTION; MAGNESS-TAYLOR; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING; RESONANT FREQUENCY; SONIC VIBRATION AB Firmness is critical to fresh apple quality. Sonic resonance resting is a potential method for nondestructive measurement of firmness. Firmness changes in 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' apples were measured before and after storage by three methods-sonic vibrational spectra, Magness-Taylor puncture, and axial compression of excised specimens. Changes in all measurements over storage were greater in Golden Delicious than in either of two Delicious sports. For Delicious apples, sonic measurements were more closely related to mechanical stiffness than to maximum forces. Sonic stiffness coefficients were satisfactory predictors of the firmness of Golden Delicious apples as measured by maximum force in compression or puncture (r = 0.85 to 0.88), but were poor for Delicious (r = 0.50 to 0.59). C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,PROD & STORAGE RES,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP ABBOTT, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BLDG 303,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1461 EP 1466 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TB040 UT WOS:A1995TB04000023 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, MD ISEBRANDS, JG DICKSON, RE KARNOSKY, DF AF COLEMAN, MD ISEBRANDS, JG DICKSON, RE KARNOSKY, DF TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF ASPEN CLONES VARYING IN SENSITIVITY TO TROPOSPHERIC OZONE SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS PRODUCTION; LEAF ABSCISSION; LEAF AGE CLASSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC LIGHT-RESPONSE CURVES; POPULUS TREMULOIDES; WHOLE-TREE PHOTOSYNTHESIS ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; GAS-EXCHANGE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NATURAL-SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; LEAVES; DEFOLIATION; TOLERANCE; SEEDLINGS AB Rooted cuttings from three aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones (216, 271 and 259, classified as high, intermediate and low in O-3 tolerance, respectively) were exposed to either diurnal O-3 profiles simulating those of Michigan's Lower Peninsula (episodic treatments), or diurnal square-wave O-3 treatments in open-top chambers in northern Michigan, USA. Ozone was dispensed in chambers ventilated with charcoal-filtered (CF) air. In addition, seedlings were compared to rooted cuttings in their response to episodic O-3 treatments. Early in the season, O-3 caused decreased photosynthetic rates in mature leaves of all clones, whereas only the photosynthetic rates of recently mature leaves of the O-3-sensitive Clone 259 decreased in response to O-3 exposure. During midseason, O-3 caused decreased photosynthetic rates of both recently mature and mature leaves of the O-3-sensitive Clone 259, but it had no effect on the photosynthetic rate of recently mature leaves of the O-3-tolerant Clone 216. Late in the season, however, photosynthetic rates of both recently mature and mature leaves of Clone 216 were lower than those of the control plants maintained in CF air. Ozone decreased the photosynthetic rate of mature leaves of Clone 271, but it increased or had no effect on the photosynthetic rate of recently mature leaves. Photosynthetic response patterns of seedlings to O-3 treatment were similar to those of the clones, but total magnitude of the response was less, perhaps reflecting the diverse genotypes of the seedling population. Early leaf abscission was observed in all clones exposed to O-3; however, Clones 216 and 259 lost more leaf area than Clone 271. By late August, leaf area in the highest O-3 treatment had decreased relative to the controls by 26, 24 and 9% for Clones 216, 259 and 271, respectively. Ozone decreased whole-tree photosynthesis in all clones, and the decrease was consistently less in Clone 271 (23%) than in Clones 216 (56%) and 259 (56%), and was accompanied by declines in total biomass of 19, 28 and 47%, respectively. The relationship between biomass and whole-tree photosynthesis indicates that the negative impact of O-3 On biomass in the clones was determined largely by lower photosynthetic productivity of the foliage, rather than by potential changes in the carbon relations of other plant organs. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP COLEMAN, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 35 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 8 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 15 IS 9 BP 585 EP 592 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV443 UT WOS:A1995RV44300004 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, MD DICKSON, RE ISEBRANDS, JG KARNOSKY, DF AF COLEMAN, MD DICKSON, RE ISEBRANDS, JG KARNOSKY, DF TI CARBON ALLOCATION AND PARTITIONING IN ASPEN CLONES VARYING IN SENSITIVITY TO TROPOSPHERIC OZONE SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIR POLLUTION; CARBOHYDRATES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POPULUS TREMULOIDES ID X EURAMERICANA PLANTS; DEVELOPING LEAF ZONE; PINE SEEDLINGS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; DORMANCY INDUCTION; DOUGLAS-FIR; POPULUS; LEAVES AB Clones of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were identified that differ in biomass production in response to O-3 exposure, (14)Carbon tracer studies were used to determine if the differences in biomass response were linked to shifts in carbon allocation and carbon partitioning patterns. Rooted cuttings from three aspen Clones (216, O-3 tolerant; 271, intermediate; and 259, O-3 sensitive) were exposed to either charcoal-filtered air (CF) or an episodic, two-times-ambient O-3 profile (2x) in open-top chambers. Either recently mature or mature leaves were exposed to a 30-min C-14 pulse and returned to the treatment chambers for a 48-h chase period before harvest. Allocation of C-14 to different plant parts, partitioning of C-14 into various chemical fractions, and the concentration of various chemical fractions in plant tissue were determined. The percent of C-14 retained in recently mature source leaves was not affected by O-3 treatment, but that retained in mature source leaves was greater in O-3-treated plants than in CF-treated plants. Carbon allocation from source leaves was affected by leaf position, season, clone and O-3 exposure. Recently mature source leaves of CF-treated plants translocated about equal percentages of C-14 acropetally to growing shoots and basipetally to stem and roots early in the season. When shoot growth ceased (August 16), most C-14 from all source leaves was translocated basipetally to stem and roots. At no time did mature source leaves allocate more than 6% of C-14 translocated within the plant to the shoot above. Ozone effects were most apparent late in the season. Ozone decreased the percent C-14 translocated from mature source leaves to roots and increased the percent C-14 translocated to the lower stem. In contrast, allocation from recently mature leaves to roots increased. Partitioning of C-14 among chemical fractions was affected by O-3 more in source leaves than in sink tissue. In source leaves, more C-14 was incorporated into the sugar, organic acid and lipids + pigments fractions, and less C-14 was incorporated into starch and protein fractions in O-3-treated plants than in CF-treated plants. In addition, there were O-3 treatment interactions between leaf position and clones for C-14 incorporation into different chemical fractions. When photosynthetic data were used to convert percent C-14 transported to the total amount of carbon transported on a mass basis, it was found that carbon transport was controlled more by photosynthesis in the source leaves than proportional changes in allocation to the sinks. Ozone decreased the total amount of carbon translocated to all sink tissue in the O-3-sensitive Clone 259 because of decreases in photosynthesis in both recently mature and mature source leaves. In contrast O-3 had no effect on carbon transport from recently mature leaves to lower shoots of either Clone 216 or 271, had no significant effect on transport to roots of Clone 216, and increased transport to roots of Clone 271. The O-3-induced increase in transport to roots of Clone 271 was the result of a compensatory increase in upper leaf photosynthesis and a relatively greater shift in the percent of carbon allocated to roots. In contrast to those of Clone 271, recently mature leaves of Clone 216 maintained similar photosynthetic rates and allocation patterns in both the CF and O-3 treatments. We conclude that Clone 271 was more tolerant to O-3 exposure than Clone 216 or 259. Tolerance to chronic O-3 exposure was directly related to maintenance of high photosynthetic rates in recently mature leaves and retention of lower leaves. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP COLEMAN, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 46 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 15 IS 9 BP 593 EP 604 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV443 UT WOS:A1995RV44300005 ER PT J AU CONWAY, JM THORP, JW STEIN, TP SEALE, JL RUMPLER, WV AF CONWAY, JM THORP, JW STEIN, TP SEALE, JL RUMPLER, WV TI DECREASED PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS DURING DRY SATURATION DIVING SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; N-15 GLYCINE; STABLE ISOTOPES; HYPERBARIC; DRY SATURATION DIVE ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; TURNOVER; MEN AB Changes in metabolism during saturation dives have been reported; however, these changes have not been well defined. This study was conducted to determine the effect of saturation diving on protein metabolism. Whole body protein synthesis was measured by the ammonia and urea endpoint methods, following a single oral dose of N-15-glycine in 11 Navy divers 33.9 +/- 1.9 yr of age. The divers were fed a controlled diet throughout the three trials. Trial I was on the surface, and trials II and III were during dry saturation dives at 0.56 MPa. The protein synthesis results in gram protein per kilogram lean body mass per day, least square mean +/- SD: Trial I Trial II Trial III Ammonia 4.31 +/- 0.34 2.48 +/- 0.34 2.00 +/- 0.34 Urea 4.26 +/- 0.33 3.70 +/- 0.33 2.80 +/- 0.33 Under the conditions of this series of dry saturation dives, protein synthesis was depressed by up to 30-50% for the urea and ammonia endpoint methods, respectively. An estimate of liver protein synthesis was made by measuring the incorporation of the N-15 label into plasma fibrinogen. The N-15 enrichment of fibrinogen glycine and the hippurate precursor for fibrinogen were decreased significantly. This dramatic decrease in protein synthesis was observed despite positive nitrogen balance in these divers. Although further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanism, the decrease in the incorporation of N-15 glycine into fibrinogen suggests alteration in liver nitrogen metabolism at 0.56 MPa. C1 BROCKTON HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,BROCKTON,MA 02402. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,CAMDEN,NJ. RP CONWAY, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RQ552 UT WOS:A1995RQ55200002 PM 7580763 ER PT J AU BRIM, TA VANCOTT, JL LUNNEY, JK SAIF, LJ AF BRIM, TA VANCOTT, JL LUNNEY, JK SAIF, LJ TI CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES OF PIGS AFTER PRIMARY INOCULATION WITH PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS OR TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS AND CHALLENGE WITH TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; T LYMPHOCYTES ID PROTECTIVE LACTOGENIC IMMUNITY; MEMORY T-CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOCYTES-T; INFECTION; SWINE; SUBSETS; GAMMA; DIFFERENTIATION; PIGLETS AB The contribution of cell-mediated immunity to protective immunity against virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection conferred by primary porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) or TGEV exposure was assessed in pigs that were challenged with TGEV 24 days after a primary oronasal inoculation with PRCV or TGEV when 11 days old. PRCV exposure induced partial protection against TGEV challenge in suckling pigs based upon a decreased number of diarrhea cases (42% vs. 90% in age-matched control pigs), limited virus shedding in feces, and increases in virus-neutralizing serum antibody titers; in contrast, all Ii-day-old pigs inoculated with TGEV were completely protected after challenge. Weaned pigs were also studied to eliminate any possibility that lactogenic immunity from contact PRCV-exposed sows contributed to protection against TGEV. Once weaned, none of the PRCV-exposed or age-matched control pigs had diarrhea after TGEV challenge; moreover, both groups exhibited less rectal virus shedding than suckling pigs. Vigorous lymphocyte proliferative responses (> 96 000 counts per minute (cpm)) were detected in mononuclear cells prepared from mesenteric (MLN) and bronchial (BLN) lymph nodes of TGEV-primed pigs. Analyses of these responses indicate that virus-specific cell-mediated immune responses correlated with protection against rectal and nasal virus shedding after TGEV challenge, Primary inoculation of Ii-day-old pigs with PRCV induced moderate, transient virus-specific lymphocyte proliferation (> 47 000 cpm) in MLN from both suckling and weaned pigs after TGEV challenge. Substantial BLN proliferative responses (> 80 000 cpm) correlated with failure to detect TGEV in nasal secretions from these pigs. Virus-specific lymphocyte proliferation in spleens was delayed in onset and of lower magnitude than that observed in MLN and BLN. Virulent TGEV exposure resulted in increased percentages of T cell subsets, especially in the lamina propria and MLN, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in proximity to the primary replication site of TGEV in the small intestine. Our results confirm that PRCV infection primes anti-viral immune responses and, thus, contributes to partial immunity against virulent TGEV challenge. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT VET PREVENT MED,FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU PHS HHS [R01A133561-01] NR 52 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05416-P PG 20 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA RW618 UT WOS:A1995RW61800004 PM 8533315 ER PT J AU KACSKOVICS, I WITTUM, TE BUTLER, JE LITTLEDIKE, ET AF KACSKOVICS, I WITTUM, TE BUTLER, JE LITTLEDIKE, ET TI THE HETEROGENEITY OF BOVINE IGG2 .7. THE PHENOTYPIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE A1 AND A2 ALLOTYPES OF IGG2A AMONG BEEF-COWS WITH KNOWN CLINICAL HISTORY SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLOTYPE; IGG2A; BEEF CATTLE; RESPIRATORY DISEASE; GENETICS ID MOLECULES; CATTLE AB Al and A2 are allotypes of bovine IgG2a which differ significantly in their primary structure, allotope expression and the products of pepsin digestion. An analysis of 754 beef cows from 14 different breeds at the Meat Animal Research Center (MARC), Clay Center, NE, demonstrated a significant difference in the distribution of Al and A2 among breeds but failed to find any correlation between the clinical disease history of the animals tested and their A-allotype. The proportion of all animals with either a history of infectious or respiratory disease (43.3 +/- 3.5 and 17 +/- 0, respectively) was the same among A1/A1, A1/A2 and A2/A2 animals. Similarly, there was no preferential association between allotype and clinical disease within any one breed. A very high incidence of Al homozygotes was found among Angus (84%), Brown Swiss (100%), Limousin (87%), MARC I (87%) and Pinzgauers (88%). In contrast, Herefords had a high incidence of A2/A2 homozygotes (41%) as did Brahmans (46%) and Gelbveih (34%). The distribution of A1/A1, A1/A2 and A2/A2 animals within any breed was totally consistent with the concept that Al and A2 represent Mendelian co-dominant alleles. These data suggest that, among vaccinated female beef cattle in a normal environment, A-allotypy plays no role in the propensity for clinical disease as defined in this study. It does not rule out such an association in non-vaccinated, severely stressed animals and in calves exposed to severe outbreaks of an infectious agent. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT MICROBIOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP KACSKOVICS, I (reprint author), UNIV VET SCI BUDAPEST,DEPT PHYSIOL,BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RI Kacskovics, Imre/J-8449-2013; OI Kacskovics, Imre/0000-0002-0402-3862 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05417-Q PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA RW618 UT WOS:A1995RW61800008 PM 8533319 ER PT J AU HAFNER, S LATIMER, K KELLEY, LC WORTHAM, K PUETTE, M AF HAFNER, S LATIMER, K KELLEY, LC WORTHAM, K PUETTE, M TI MALIGNANT MELANOCYTIC NEURAL CREST TUMOR IN A YOUNG CHICKEN (GALLUS-DOMESTICUS) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CHICKENS; MELANOCYTIC; NEURAL CREST AB A malignant melanocytic tumor was found in an 8-week-old chicken. The tumor, which was composed of melanocytes, ganglion cells, nerves, and primitive pressure receptors, was examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S-100 protein variably stained nerves, but melanocytes were only rarely immunolabelled by NSE antibodies and there was no specific staining of these cells for S-100 or GFAP. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic melanocytes contained melanin within melanosomes and premelanosomes and did not resemble Schwann cells. RP HAFNER, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,FSIS,EASTERN LAB,POB 6085,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 32 IS 5 BP 535 EP 537 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA RU998 UT WOS:A1995RU99800012 PM 8578645 ER PT J AU BROWN, TC DUFFIELD, JW AF BROWN, TC DUFFIELD, JW TI TESTING PART-WHOLE VALUATION EFFECTS IN CONTINGENT VALUATION OF INSTREAM FLOW PROTECTION SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VALUING PUBLIC-GOODS; RECREATION; BENEFITS; RIVERS; VALUES AB A review of studies of part-whole valuation effects in contingent valuation highlights the difficulty of distinguishing part-whole bias from the effect of substitution among goods. A contingent valuation of instream flow preservation indicates that respondents with more information about substitutes were more sensitive in their valuations to the number of rivers protected than were respondents with less information. These results, in combination with those of other studies of part-whole valuation effects, suggest that contingent valuation researchers must design guidelines for deciding what information about substitutes should be presented to respondents and how that information should be presented. C1 UNIV MONTANA,DEPT ECON,MISSOULA,MT 59801. RP BROWN, TC (reprint author), FOREST SERV RES,ROCKY MT STN,3825 E MULBERRY ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2341 EP 2351 DI 10.1029/95WR01744 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA RT301 UT WOS:A1995RT30100018 ER PT J AU HANULA, JL FRANZREB, KE AF HANULA, JL FRANZREB, KE TI ARTHROPOD PREY OF NESTLING RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS IN THE UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN OF SOUTH-CAROLINA SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB Four nest cavities of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) were monitored with automatic cameras to determine the prey selected to feed nestlings. Twelve adults were photographed making nearly 3000 nest visits. Prey in 28 arthropod taxa were recognizable in 65% of the photographic slides. Wood roaches in the genus (Parcoblatta) made up 69.4% of the prey fed to nestlings. Other common prey items were wood borer larvae (Cerambycidae or Buprestidae, 5.4%), Lepidoptera larvae (4.5%), spiders (Araneae, 3.6%), and ants (Formicidae, 3.1%). Wood roaches were the only prey items consistently taken by all four groups of birds; they made up 63.3 to 81.6% of the prey observed. Other common prey generally were taken in large numbers only by a single group of woodpeckers. During the breeding season these woodpeckers utilize relatively few common arthropods to feed nestlings. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,USDA,SE FOREST EXPT STN,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP HANULA, JL (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 107 IS 3 BP 485 EP 495 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA RU206 UT WOS:A1995RU20600008 ER PT J AU GREEN, F CLAUSEN, CA KUSTER, TA HIGHLEY, TL AF GREEN, F CLAUSEN, CA KUSTER, TA HIGHLEY, TL TI INDUCTION OF POLYGALACTURONASE AND THE FORMATION OF OXALIC-ACID BY PECTIN IN BROWN-ROT FUNGI SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BORDERED PITS; BROWN-ROT FUNGI; POLYGALACTURONASE; OXALIC ACID; WOOD DECAY ID DEGRADATION; PLACENTA AB Extracellular polygalacturonase (PG) production was estimated in vitro, using liquid cultures of three species of brown-rot decay fungi (Postia placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Serpula incrassata), by cup-plate assay, assay of reducing sugars, and decrease in viscosity, Although all three experimental assays demonstrated that PG was induced by pectin in all three fungi, decrease in viscosity gave the best correlation with decay capacity in soil block tests. PG activity, determined as an increase in reducing sugar activity, was greatest in G. trabeum and weakest in S. incrassata. The optimum pH for PG activity was between pH 2.5 and 4.5. Oxalic acid production was also enhanced by pectin and functioned synergistically with PG activity. We conclude that these fungi produce PG that is best induced by pectin and that PG activity exceeds production of xylanase and endoglucanase activity in vitro. Polygalacturonase is likely to act synergistically with oxalic acid to solubilize and hydrolyse the pectin in pit membranes and middle lamellae. Thus, production of PG and oxalic acid should facilitate early spread of hyphae and enhance the lateral flow of wood-decay enzymes and agents into adjacent tracheids and the wood cell wall, thus initiating the diffuse decay caused by brown-rot fungi. RP GREEN, F (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 11 IS 5 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1007/BF00286366 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RW946 UT WOS:A1995RW94600013 PM 24414906 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, SA KLINE, DL AF RITCHIE, SA KLINE, DL TI COMPARISON OF CDC AND EVS LIGHT TRAPS BAITED WITH CARBON-DIOXIDE AND OCTENOL FOR TRAPPING MOSQUITOS IN BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Studies were conducted in Brisbane, Australia to test the efficacy of encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) mosquito light traps. Additionally the relative attractiveness of different combinations of light, carbon dioxide (dry ice) and 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) was assessed. The CDC light trap consistently collected more mosquitoes than the comparably baited EVS trap. Octenol, supplemented with dry ice, significantly increased collections of Aedes vigilax, Aedes procax and Culex annulirostris but not Aedes notoscriptus. C1 QUEENSLAND INST MED RES,BRISBANE,QLD 4006,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CANBERRA PA CSIRO ENTOMOLOGY GPO BOX 1700, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9050 J9 J AUST ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. PD AUG 31 PY 1995 VL 34 BP 215 EP 218 PN 3 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RT251 UT WOS:A1995RT25100007 ER PT J AU MULLANEY, EJ DALY, CB EHRLICH, KC ULLAH, AHJ AF MULLANEY, EJ DALY, CB EHRLICH, KC ULLAH, AHJ TI THE ASPERGILLUS-NIGER (FICUUM) APHA GENE ENCODES A PH 6.0-OPTIMUM ACID-PHOSPHATASE SO GENE LA English DT Note DE PAM; PACA; ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS; DNA SEQUENCE ID CLONING; PHYTASE; SEQUENCE AB We have used the Aspergillus niger (An) aphA gene as a probe and cloned the A. ficuum (Af) SRRC 265 gene encoding an extracellular pH 6.0-optimum acid phosphatase (APase6) from a genomic library. The identity of the Af aphA gene was confirmed and its nucleotide (nt) sequence verified by comparing its deduced amino acid (aa) sequence to that of purified Af APase6. A comparison of the nt sequences of the An and Af genes suggested that errors were made in the previously reported An aphA sequence. Several regions of the An aphA were resequenced and the mistakes corrected. With its nt sequence corrected, the An aphA is nearly identical to the cloned Af gene encoding APase6, and in 90.4% agreement in the coding regions. Both genes have three conserved introns and when translated, both nt sequences code for a polypeptide of 614 aa. There is now evidence that the two cloned genes are homologous and code for acid phosphatases that are 96% identical. RP MULLANEY, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, 1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 J9 GENE JI Gene PD AUG 30 PY 1995 VL 162 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00298-K PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RV288 UT WOS:A1995RV28800020 PM 7557398 ER PT J AU POULSON, M SAMSON, G WHITMARSH, J AF POULSON, M SAMSON, G WHITMARSH, J TI EVIDENCE THAT CYTOCHROME B(559) PROTECTS PHOTOSYSTEM-II AGAINST PHOTOINHIBITION SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REACTION CENTERS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CHLOROPLASTS; ACCEPTOR; PHOTOREDUCTION; PHEOPHYTIN; COMPLEX; B-559; REDOX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Light that exceeds the photosynthetic capacity of a plant can impair the ability of photosystem II to oxidize water. The light-induced inhibition is initiated by inopportune electron transport reactions that create damaging redox states. There is evidence that secondary electron transport pathways within the photosystem II reaction center can protect against potentially damaging redox states. Experiments using thylakoid membranes poised at different ambient redox potentials demonstrate that light-induced damage to photosystem II can be controlled by a redox component within the reaction center [Nedbal, L., et al. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 7929-7933]. The rate of photoinhibition is slow when the redox component is oxidized, but increases by more than 10-fold when the redox component is reduced. Here, using spinach thylakoid membranes, we provide evidence that the redox component is cytochrome b(559), an intrinsic heme protein of the photosystem II reaction center. The results support a model in which the low-potential (LP) form of cytochrome b(559) protects photosystem II by deactivating a rarely formed, but hazardous redox state of photosystem LI, namely, P680/Pheo(-)/Q(A)(-) Cytochrome b(559)LP is proposed to deactivate this potentially lethal redox state by accepting electrons from reduced pheophytin. The key observations supporting this proposal are as follows: (1) The oxidation-reduction potential of cytochrome b(559)LP is in the range predicted by redox titrations of photoinhibition. (2) If cytochrome b(550)LP is reduced prior to illumination, the rate of photoinhibition is fast, whereas if the cytochrome is oxidized prior to illumination, the rate of photoinhibition is slow. (3) Irradiation of thylakoid membranes results in the photoreduction of cytochrome b(550)LP, which is followed by the loss of water oxidation capacity. (4) The photoreduction of cytochrome b(559)LP in continuous light precedes the reversible loss of the variable fluorescence, which monitors the photoreduction of pheophytin, supporting the proposal that electrons can flow from pheophytin to cytochrome b(550)LP. (5) As predicted by the model, the protective pathway is effective over a broad range of light intensities, offering protection from 500 to 20 000 mu mol of photons m(-2) s(-1) C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, DEPT PLANT BIOL, PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 29 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 34 BP 10932 EP 10938 DI 10.1021/bi00034a027 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RT655 UT WOS:A1995RT65500027 PM 7662674 ER PT J AU DONER, LW DOUDS, DD AF DONER, LW DOUDS, DD TI PURIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL GELLAN TO MONOVALENT CATION SALTS RESULTS IN ACUTE MODIFICATION OF SOLUTION AND GEL-FORMING PROPERTIES SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GELLAN; PHYTAGEL(R); GEL-GRO(R); CATIONIC SALTS; SOLUTION; GEL FORMATION ID CULTURE; AGAR; GUM; TEMPERATURE AB Lithium, sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts of the industrial polysaccharide gellan were prepared. The salts were freely soluble in water at room temperature (25 degrees C). The opinion had been generally held that heating to 100 degrees C was necessary for gellan to achieve complete solubility in the presence of mono- or multivalent cations. Then, upon cooling, the solutions would form gels. These conclusions were based on the properties imposed upon gellan samples by the presence of contaminating divalent cations. Commercial gellan samples contain calcium and magnesium at levels exceeding 0.9%, sufficient for counterion formation with over one-third of gellan's carboxyl groups. Purification was rapid and included sequential treatments with a cation-exchange (H+) resin, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, or NH4OH, and an anion-exchange (Cl-) resin. About 95% of the divalent cations and nearly 90% of the phosphate that contaminated commercial gellan were removed. The purified monovalent salts of gellan set in the presence of divalent cations and provide well-defined agents for gelling media used for propagation of microbes and plants. In a manner analogous to sodium alginate, solutions of lithium, sodium, potassium, or ammonium gellanate form beads when dropped into solutions of divalent cations. This property was exploited for entrapment of enzymes and cells in beads. RP DONER, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00115-A PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RV055 UT WOS:A1995RV05500010 PM 8565008 ER PT J AU KNOTHE, G JIE, MSFLK LAM, CC BAGBY, MO AF KNOTHE, G JIE, MSFLK LAM, CC BAGBY, MO TI EVALUATION OF THE C-13-NMR SIGNALS OF THE UNSATURATED CARBONS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Note DE C-13-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; RATIONAL FUNCTIONS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; UNSATURATION AB The C-13-NMR signals of the unsaturated carbons in triacylglycerols with monoenoic and monoynoic chains were evaluated as rational functions. Corresponding to previous results on fatty acids and methyl esters, the signals of the ethylenic carbons are proportional to the negative third power of the position of the unsaturation in the chain. The signals of the acetylenic carbons are proportional to the negative second power of the position of the unsaturation. The POSE (position of shift equivalence) of the unsaturated carbons is more remote from Cl for triacylglycerols than for free fatty acids and methyl esters. C1 UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT CHEM,HONG KONG,HONG KONG. RP KNOTHE, G (reprint author), USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 77 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(95)02466-V PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RX038 UT WOS:A1995RX03800007 ER PT J AU KELLY, JF MASON, RP DENISOVA, NA JOSEPH, JA ERAT, S ROTH, GS AF KELLY, JF MASON, RP DENISOVA, NA JOSEPH, JA ERAT, S ROTH, GS TI AGE-RELATED IMPAIRMENT IN STRIATAL MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED MEMBRANE BILAYER WIDTH MEASURED BY SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-DIFFRACTION SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTEROL; BRAIN; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; MYELIN AB In order to determine whether age-related changes in neuronal membrane structure contribute to previously reported changes in muscarinic cholinergic signal transduction, striata from 3, 13 and 23 month old F344 male rats were examined for both carbachol-stimulated low Km GTPase activity and membrane one-dimensional electron density profile using small angle X-ray diffraction. Increasing age was associated with both a reduction in stimulated GTPase activity and a decrease in membrane bilayer width. These findings suggest the possibility that fundamental membrane structural changes may contribute to alterations in signal transduction seen with aging. C1 MED COLL PENN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. HAHNEMANN UNIV,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,CTR HUMAN NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP KELLY, JF (reprint author), NIA,GERONTOL RES CTR,MOLEC PHYSIOL & GENET SECT,BALTIMORE,MD 21224, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 24 PY 1995 VL 213 IS 3 BP 869 EP 874 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2209 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RQ727 UT WOS:A1995RQ72700018 PM 7654249 ER PT J AU STEVENS, EE WILEY, RH AF STEVENS, EE WILEY, RH TI GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF RESTRICTED DISPERSAL AND INCEST AVOIDANCE IN A COOPERATIVELY BREEDING WREN SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KIN SELECTION; EVOLUTION; RELATEDNESS; MODEL; POPULATIONS; RECIPROCITY; ALTRUISM; MARKERS AB Can restricted dispersal in a family-structured population produce conditions that favor the evolution of helping behavior by kin selection? To address this question a numerical model of a population of cooperatively breeding stripe-backed wrens (Campylorhynchus nuchalis) was developed. The model incorporated the demography and social dynamics of a natural population under long-term study in Venezuela. Replicated simulations followed uniquely labelled copies of alleles for 100 annual cycles, in order to estimate coefficients of kinship between mates and between helpers and the young they raised in relation to overall levels of inbreeding in the population. The consequences of restricted dispersal and incest avoidance were investigated, under different rates of migration. The results indicated that close incest occurred too infrequently to influence genetic structure significantly. Restricted dispersal, on the other hand, even in combination with relatively high rates of immigration (10-20%), like those observed in the natural population, tended to produce genetically viscous populations. Relatedness between mates was significantly greater than 0, and relatedness among members of different groups decreased with distance. The relatedness between mates tended to increase both the relatedness of individuals to their own progeny and the relatedness of helpers to the young they raised. The latter effect predominated, so the genetic consequences of restricted dispersal, in relation to the overall level of inbreeding, tended to favor the evolution of helping by kin selection. Mutually reinforcing consequences of short-range dispersal, on the one hand, and delayed dispersal, on the other, could thus result in accelerating evolution of cooperative breeding. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM ECOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP STEVENS, EE (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD AUG 21 PY 1995 VL 175 IS 4 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1006/jtbi.1995.0152 PG 14 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA RT168 UT WOS:A1995RT16800002 ER PT J AU CHANG, PK CARY, JW YU, JJ BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE AF CHANG, PK CARY, JW YU, JJ BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE TI THE ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENE PKSA, A HOMOLOG OF ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS WA, IS REQUIRED FOR AFLATOXIN B-1 BIOSYNTHESIS SO MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENE; AFLATOXIN; ASPERGILLUS PARASITICUS; GENE CLUSTER; ANTHRAQUINONE ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENZYME; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PATHWAY; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; SEARCH AB Aflatoxins comprise a group of polyketide-derived carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. By transformation with a disruption construct, pXX, we disrupted the aflatoxin pathway in A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, resulting in the inability of this strain to produce aflatoxin intermediates as well as a major yellow pigment in the transformants. The disruption was attributed to a single-crossover, homologous integration event between pXX and the recipient A. parasiticus genome at a specific locus, designated pksA. Sequence analysis suggest that pksA is a homolog of the Aspergillus nidulans wA gene, a polyketide synthase gene involved in conidial wall pigment biosynthesis. The conserved beta-ketoacyl synthase, acyltransferase and acyl carrier-protein domains were present in the deduced amino acid sequence of the pksA product. No beta-ketoacyl reductase and enoyl reductase domains were found, suggesting that pksA does not encode catalytic activities for processing beta-carbon similar to those required for long chain fatty acid synthesis. The pksA gene is located in the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster and is linked to the nor-1 gene; an aflatoxin pathway gene required for converting norsolorinic acid to averantin. These two genes are divergently transcribed from a 1.5 kb intergenic region. We propose that pksA is a polyketide synthase gene required for the early steps of aflatoxin biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. TULANE UNIV, DEPT CELL & MOLEC BIOL, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. NR 48 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD AUG 21 PY 1995 VL 248 IS 3 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1007/BF02191593 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RT236 UT WOS:A1995RT23600004 PM 7565588 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL AF VIGO, TL TI MODIFIED FIBROUS SUBSTRATES WITH THERMAL AND DIMENSIONAL MEMORIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 2 EP MTLS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP259 UT WOS:A1995RP25901803 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE AF INGLETT, GE TI HEALTH BENEFITING INGREDIENTS IN FOODS FROM LICENSED USDA ARS TECHNOLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 4 EP CHAL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601010 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, BS LARKIN, KA MATT, JJ MICHAEL, JL AF FERGUSON, BS LARKIN, KA MATT, JJ MICHAEL, JL TI THE DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF IMAZAPYR (ARSENAL(R)) IN SOIL BY ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IMMUNOSYST INC,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074. AUBURN UNIV,US FORESTRY SERV,AUBURN,AL 36849. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 7 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600247 ER PT J AU MULDOON, MT STANKER, LH AF MULDOON, MT STANKER, LH TI DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF MOLECULAR IMPRINTS FOR AGROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 8 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600248 ER PT J AU VONTERSCH, RL PHILLIPS, RS URBAN, JJ AF VONTERSCH, RL PHILLIPS, RS URBAN, JJ TI SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF BETA,BETA-DIFLUOROFLUOROTYROSINES BY F-19 NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,MED CHEM DEF RES INST,BIOCHEM PHARMACOL BRANCH,APG EA,MD 21010. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. USN ACAD,DEPT CHEM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 20 EP FLUO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601698 ER PT J AU LAWTON, JW AF LAWTON, JW TI TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BIODEGRADABLE FILMS CONTAINING STARCH AND POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 29 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600519 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF ALAIMO, MH AF KUMOSINSKI, TF ALAIMO, MH TI A MOLECULAR-BASIS FOR AOT ASSEMBLIES VIA MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 30 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601075 ER PT J AU SINGH, S SEMET, J PETOCK, J FETT, WF AF SINGH, S SEMET, J PETOCK, J FETT, WF TI IN-VITRO STIMULATION OF LEVAN SYNTHESIS BY PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,HAZLETON,PA 18201. USDA ARS,ERRC,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 30 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600520 ER PT J AU CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR SANDERS, TH AF CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR SANDERS, TH TI A DIAGNOSTIC-TEST FOR PEANUT MATURITY - USE OF ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE AS A MATURITY MARKER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,SAA,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 32 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600033 ER PT J AU DEMILO, AB CUNNINGHAM, RT MCGOVERN, TP LEE, CJ AF DEMILO, AB CUNNINGHAM, RT MCGOVERN, TP LEE, CJ TI OXASPIROCARBOXYLATES AS ATTRACTANTS FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 35 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600275 ER PT J AU MORENO, DS MARTINEZ, AJ LEE, CJ DEMILO, AB AF MORENO, DS MARTINEZ, AJ LEE, CJ DEMILO, AB TI ATTRACTION OF VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF BACTERIAL FERMENTATIONS TO THE MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SPA,CO&FIR,WESLACO,TX 78596. APHIS,PPQ,MMDC,EDINBURG,TX 78539. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,ICEL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 36 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600276 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, RE ZABLOTOWICZ, RM REDDY, KN AF HOAGLAND, RE ZABLOTOWICZ, RM REDDY, KN TI STUDIES OF THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF SAPONINS ON WEED AND CROP PLANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS 39776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 39 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600039 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC AF HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC TI BOLL-WEEVIL OVIPOSITION IS DECREASED IN COTTON LINES LOWER IN ANTHER MONOSACCHARIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 40 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600280 ER PT J AU SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH AF SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH TI RESIDUES IN RUNOFF AND ON LEAVES OF AZINPHOSMETHYL AND ESFENVALERATE APPLIED TO SUGARCANE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 47 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600287 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M MCDONALD, GM AF FRIEDMAN, M MCDONALD, GM TI GLYCOALKALOIDS IN STORED AND PROCESSED POTATOES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 53 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600053 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI CHEMISTRY ON THE INTERNET - THE ROAD TO EVERYWHERE AND NOWHERE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 55 EP CINF PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600974 ER PT J AU EGLINTON, TI GONI, MA BOON, JJ TERASHIMA, N AF EGLINTON, TI GONI, MA BOON, JJ TERASHIMA, N TI INCORPORATION OF C-13-LABELED INTERMEDIATES INTO DEVELOPING LIGNIN REVEALED BY ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS AND CUO OXIDATION IN COMBINATION WITH IRM-GC-MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT MARINE CHEM & GEOCHEM,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. FOM,1098 SJ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI Goni, Miguel/E-4456-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 57 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601900 ER PT J AU OMALLEY, VP BURKE, RA SCHLOTZHAUER, WS AF OMALLEY, VP BURKE, RA SCHLOTZHAUER, WS TI DETERMINATION OF THE C-13/C-12 RATIO OF INDIVIDUAL HYDROCARBONS PRODUCED FROM THE PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS MATERIALS USING GC-MS/C/IRMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,NATL RES COUNCIL,ATHENS,GA 30601. US EPA,DIV ECOSYST RES,NERL,ATHENS,GA 30601. USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 59 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601902 ER PT J AU CHORTYK, OT AF CHORTYK, OT TI SYNTHESES AND PESTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF NEW SUCROSE ESTERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RB RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 71 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600311 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA HARIKKHAN, R AF MOATS, WA HARIKKHAN, R TI DETERMINATION OF CEPHAPIRIN AND DESACETYLCEPHAPIRIN IN BEEF AND PORK TISSUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 79 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600078 ER PT J AU RIMANDO, AM PORTER, JK STANCEL, PC AF RIMANDO, AM PORTER, JK STANCEL, PC TI ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY (ELISA) OF MELATONIN (MEL) IN SERUM OF WEANLING RATS - EFFECTS OF FUSARIC ACID SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,RB RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 80 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600079 ER PT J AU LIU, JH BERBERJIMENEZ, MD NELSON, R AF LIU, JH BERBERJIMENEZ, MD NELSON, R TI NATURAL VARIATION OF SUCROSE AND OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN SEVERAL ACCESSIONS OF SOYBEAN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FOOD SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 82 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600081 ER PT J AU YATES, SR GAN, J ERNST, FF YATES, MV AF YATES, SR GAN, J ERNST, FF YATES, MV TI MEASURING METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSIONS FROM FIELDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,USSL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 89 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600329 ER PT J AU HASEGAWA, S MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y BERHOW, M AF HASEGAWA, S MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y BERHOW, M TI LIMONIN - A NONVOLATILE BITTER PRINCIPLE IN CITRUS JUICE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 119 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600118 ER PT J AU BECKSTROMSTERNBERG, SM BIGWOOD, DW CARTINHOUR, S BARNETT, JD JUVIK, G KRAINAK, J HELLER, SR AF BECKSTROMSTERNBERG, SM BIGWOOD, DW CARTINHOUR, S BARNETT, JD JUVIK, G KRAINAK, J HELLER, SR TI PLANT GENOME DATABASES LINKED AROUND THE WORLD VIA WWW SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NAL,GENOME INFORMAT GRP,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 139 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601413 ER PT J AU ZABLOTOWICZ, RM HOAGLAND, RE WAGNER, SC AF ZABLOTOWICZ, RM HOAGLAND, RE WAGNER, SC TI EFFECTS OF SAPONINS ON THE GROWTH AND ACTIVITY OF RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 202 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600194 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA BLAND, JM AF SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA BLAND, JM TI THE CONTRIBUTION OF A NATURALLY-OCCURRING PEPTIDE TO BEEF FLAVOR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 215 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600207 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M AF FRIEDMAN, M TI CHLOROGENIC ACID CONTENT OF FRESH AND PROCESSED POTATOES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 233 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600225 ER PT J AU WAN, PJ CONKERTON, EJ HRON, RJ PAKARINEN, DR AF WAN, PJ CONKERTON, EJ HRON, RJ PAKARINEN, DR TI GOSSYPOL AND ITS IMPACT ON THE USE AND QUALITY OF COTTONSEED PRODUCTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 243 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600235 ER PT J AU WILSON, MA DUNCAN, RM ROFFE, TJ NORDHOLM, GE BERLOWSKI, BM AF WILSON, MA DUNCAN, RM ROFFE, TJ NORDHOLM, GE BERLOWSKI, BM TI PASTEURELLOSIS IN ELK (CERVUS-ELAPHUS) - DNA-FINGERPRINTING OF ISOLATES SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Note ID DEER DAMA-DAMA; FALLOW DEER; MULTOCIDA SEPTICEMIA; SEROGROUP-B; STRAINS C1 NATL BIOL SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH CTR,MADISON,WI 53711. RP WILSON, MA (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD AUG 19 PY 1995 VL 137 IS 8 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RR370 UT WOS:A1995RR37000011 PM 8560727 ER PT J AU KHACHIK, F ENGLERT, G BEECHER, GR SMITH, JC AF KHACHIK, F ENGLERT, G BEECHER, GR SMITH, JC TI ISOLATION, STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION, AND PARTIAL SYNTHESIS OF LUTEIN DEHYDRATION PRODUCTS IN EXTRACTS FROM HUMAN PLASMA SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAROTENOIDS; SEPARATION; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION AB All-E-(3R,6'R)-3-hydroxy-3',4'-didehydro-beta,gamma-carotene (anhydrolutein I) and all-E-(3R,6'R)-3-hydroxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta,epsilon-carotene (2',3'-anhydrolutein II) have been isolated and characterized from extracts of human plasma using semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C-18 reversed-phase column. The identification of anhydroluteins was accomplished by comparison of the UV-Vis absorption and mass spectral data as well as HPLC-W-Vis-mass spectrometry (MS) spiking experiments using fully characterized synthetic compounds, Partial synthesis of anhydroluteins from the reaction of lutein with 2% H2SO4 in acetone, in addition to anhydrolutein I (54%) and 2',3'-anhydrolutein II (19%), also gave (3'R)-3'-hydroxy-3,4-dehydro-beta-carotene (3',4'-anhydrolutein III, 19%), While anhydrolutein I has been shown to be usually accompanied by minute quantities of 2',3'-anhydrolutein II (ca. 7-10%) in human plasma, 3:4'-anhydrolutein III has not been detected. The presence of anhydrolutein I and II in human plasma is postulated to be due to acid catalyzed dehydration of the dietary lutein as it passes through the stomach. These anhydroluteins have also been prepared by conversion of lutein diacetate to the corresponding anhydrolutein acetates followed by alkaline hydrolysis. However, under identical acidic conditions, loss of acetic acid from lutein diacetate proceeded at a much slower rate than dehydration of lutein. The structures of the synthetic anhydroluteins, including their absolute configuration at C(3) and C(6') have been unambiguously established by H-1 NMR and in part by C-13 NMR, and circular dichroism. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. F HOFFMANN LA ROCHE & CO LTD,PHARMACEUT RES,CH-4002 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161 BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD AUG 18 PY 1995 VL 670 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00169-7 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RU444 UT WOS:A1995RU44400004 PM 8548012 ER PT J AU SILER, DJ CORNISH, K AF SILER, DJ CORNISH, K TI MEASUREMENT OF PROTEIN IN NATURAL-RUBBER LATEX SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BICINCHONINIC ACID; LOWRY; ASSAY AB Latex from the Brazilian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the source of virtually all commercial natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene). Products made from natural rubber latex include gloves, condoms, and hundreds of different medical devices. However, recent reports of widespread life-threatening latex-associated Type I allergies have focused attention on latex proteins as serious allergens. In this paper, we describe a method that permits accurate and reproducible determination of protein in latex and that includes a procedure for solubilizing latex proteins and removing rubber. Also, we show that interfering substances in latex can be removed by precipitating proteins with sodium deoxycholate and trichloroacetic acid, and that latex proteins can be recovered and quantified with 2,2'-bicinchoninic acid. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP SILER, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD AUG 10 PY 1995 VL 229 IS 2 BP 278 EP 281 DI 10.1006/abio.1995.1413 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RP714 UT WOS:A1995RP71400017 PM 7485983 ER PT J AU COFFIN, DR FISHMAN, ML COOKE, PH AF COFFIN, DR FISHMAN, ML COOKE, PH TI MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF PECTIN STARCH FILMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Films were made from blends of high methoxy pectin and high amylose starch gelatinized in a microwave oven in the presence and absence of glycerol at times ranging from 10 to 105 s. Three thermodynamic transitions were observed when storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent were plotted against temperature. All three transitions gave minima when the transition temperature was plotted against time of gelatinization. Overall, there were only modest changes in these moduli over the range of gelatinization times studied, with little difference between films made with the starch gelatinized in either the presence or absence of glycerol. Starch granules were found to disappear at gelatinization times between 20 and 30 s, although much smaller starch particles seemed to recur at gelatinization times of 75 s and above. The minima found in the transition temperature and modulus plots were believed to result from a minimum in the amount of intermolecular interactions between the starch molecules. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* RP COFFIN, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SCI & TECHNOL RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 8 PY 1995 VL 57 IS 6 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1002/app.1995.070570602 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA RJ036 UT WOS:A1995RJ03600002 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, JJ PETTY, EE OKUNO, I NOLTE, DL AF JOHNSTON, JJ PETTY, EE OKUNO, I NOLTE, DL TI COMPARISON OF REVERSED-PHASE AND ION-PAIR CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF STRYCHNINE IN ANIMAL-TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Ion-pair and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated for quantification of strychnine in mountain beaver tissues. Retention time shifts hindered strychnine quantification with both HPLC systems. Go-extracted free fatty acids released during storage formed ion-pairs with strychnine, resulting in increased retention by reversed-phase HPLC. Competition with co-extracted basic compounds is likely responsible for the decreased retention of strychnine by ion-pair HPLC. Following an acid-base clean-up, optimal results were obtained with reversed-phase HPLC. Ion-pair chromatography was then used for qualitative confirmation of strychnine residues. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,OLYMPIA,WA. RP JOHNSTON, JJ (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD AUG 4 PY 1995 VL 670 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00156-D PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RP585 UT WOS:A1995RP58500009 PM 7493087 ER PT J AU BAUSHER, MG NAIRN, CJ NIEDZ, RP HEARN, CJ YELENOSKY, G AF BAUSHER, MG NAIRN, CJ NIEDZ, RP HEARN, CJ YELENOSKY, G TI PURIFICATION AND N-TERMINAL SEQUENCE OF THE MAJOR LEAF PROTEIN (TRIFOLIATIN) FROM TRIFOLIATE ORANGE SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FREE ZONE ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING (IEF); HPLC; GLYCOPROTEIN; STORAGE PROTEIN ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; THAUMATIN AB The major protein found in the leaves, bark and hardened roots of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) is a glycoprotein (M(r) 24 000). Characteristics of trifoliate orange protein, now called trifoliatin, are consistent with those reported for other plant storage proteins, the low sequence similarity with other leaf proteins indicates that trifoliatin may represent a new class of vegetative proteins. Levels of glycoprotein vary inversely with leaf age and temperature [6] and can reach levels up to 65% of total leaf protein. The purification of this protein was accomplished by a combination of free zone isoelectric focusing and chromatography techniques. The N-terminal sequence determined by Edman (P. Edman and G. Begg, Fur. J. Biochem., 1 (1967) 80) degradation shares little to no sequence similarity with other known leaf proteins. The partial sequence of trifoliatin has the highest sequence similarity with sporamin, the major tuberous root storage protein in sweet potato. Trifoliatin has no protease activity to casein hydrolysate or inhibitory activity to trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin. RP BAUSHER, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG 4 PY 1995 VL 109 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(95)04177-V PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RQ293 UT WOS:A1995RQ29300006 ER PT J AU SMIGOCKI, AC AF SMIGOCKI, AC TI EXPRESSION OF A WOUND-INDUCIBLE CYTOKININ BIOSYNTHESIS GENE IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO - CORRELATION OF ROOT EXPRESSION WITH INDUCTION OF CYTOKININ EFFECTS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NICOTIANA; TRANSGENIC; CYTOKININ; IPT; SENESCENCE; ROOT ID ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE; INHIBITOR-II GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; T-DNA; PLANTS; PROMOTER; AGROBACTERIUM; TISSUES; SENESCENCE; MORPHOLOGY AB The Agrobacterium-derived cytokinin-biosynthesis gene ipt was fused to the wound-inducible proteinase-inhibitor-IIK gene promoter from potato and introduced into Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and N. tabacum. Maximum accumulation of ipt transcripts in the leaves of transgenic plants was observed within 3-24 h after leaf wounding. Root and stem ipt messages were not detected in unwounded transgenic N. plumbaginifolia PI-II-ipt seedlings until after the plants bolted whereas in N. tabacum, a relatively low level of root and stem expression was evident only prior to stem elongation and not detected after the plants bolted. Atypical cytokinin effects were observed with the N. plumbagini-folia but not N. tabacum transformants. Transgenic N. plumbaginifolia plants bolted sooner, were taller than control plants and had larger leaves with lower specific fresh weights and chlorophyll content. At flowering, the emergence of numerous lateral shoots from lower stem sections and basal leaf greening followed the moderate increase in root ipt transcripts and corresponded to a greater than 100-fold increase in zeatin and zeatinriboside cytokinin concentrations. The expression pattern of the PI-II-ipt gene followed that of the PI-IIK gene and, when expressed in the root, corresponded with induction of characteristic cytokinin effects. RP SMIGOCKI, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 006,RM 118,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG 4 PY 1995 VL 109 IS 2 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(94)04157-C PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RQ293 UT WOS:A1995RQ29300007 ER PT J AU SELHUB, J BOSTOM, A ROSENBERG, IH AF SELHUB, J BOSTOM, A ROSENBERG, IH TI PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE OR HOMOCYSTEINE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SELHUB, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DEPT AGR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 3 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 5 BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL694 UT WOS:A1995RL69400032 ER PT J AU REDDY, VR REDDY, KR ACOCK, B AF REDDY, VR REDDY, KR ACOCK, B TI CARBON-DIOXIDE AND TEMPERATURE INTERACTIONS ON STEM EXTENSION, NODE INITIATION, AND FRUITING IN COTTON SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; TRANSPIRATION RESPONSES; SOYBEAN CANOPIES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; YIELD AB Understanding the response of agricultural crops to rising carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) and temperature is critical for modeling the effects of future climate change on crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and interactive effects of temperature and CO2 on mainstem and branch expansion rates, node initiation rates, and fruiting in cotton to be used for the development of a cotton simulation model. Cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. DPL 50) were grown in plant growth chambers exposed to natural light levels with temperature and C4 as treatments. The average temperatures were 17.8, 18.7, 22.7, 26.6, and 30.6 degrees C during a 70 day experimental period with CO2 treatments of 350 and 700 mu l l(-1) at each temperature. Plant height and number of mainstem nodes increased with increase in temperature and CO2. A nine-fold increase was observed in number of fruiting branches with increase in temperature from 17.8 to 30.6 degrees C, however, no significant differences were observed in fruiting branch number due to doubling of CO2 except at 30.6 degrees C. The number of days from emergence to first square was strongly influenced by temperature, and CO2 had no effect on this process. The number of squares and bells were increased at higher temperatures, and the rate of increase was greater at 700 mu l l(-1) CO2. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP REDDY, VR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYST RES LAB,BLDG 007,RM 008,BARCW,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 55 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(95)00606-S PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TD967 UT WOS:A1995TD96700003 ER PT J AU MILLER, BR BAHN, HM DRYGAS, M RUST, CH AF MILLER, BR BAHN, HM DRYGAS, M RUST, CH TI ECONOMICS EDUCATION IN A WORKSHOP SETTING - AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS PLAN TRAINING IN AN EMERGING DEMOCRACY AND MARKET-ECONOMY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE BUSINESS PLAN; COMMAND ECONOMY; TRANSITION ECONOMY; WORKSHOP EDUCATION AB Workshop education in business planning is one of the most important tools of transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Business planning progressed from a ''buzz word'' among Polish Extension advisors in 1991 to more than 50,000 business plans completed by the end of 1994. An interactive workshop, transferrable to any transition economy, allowed participants to enter a workshop with data and prior experience in a command economy and emerge with a plan to implement in a market economy. C1 USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES EDUC & EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON & ECON,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP MILLER, BR (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.2307/1243216 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA RQ226 UT WOS:A1995RQ22600002 ER PT J AU RAMEZANI, CA ROSE, D MURPHY, S AF RAMEZANI, CA ROSE, D MURPHY, S TI AGGREGATION, FLEXIBLE FORMS, AND ESTIMATION OF FOOD-CONSUMPTION PARAMETERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ALMOST IDEAL TRANSLOG (AITL) DEMAND MODEL; FOOD DEMAND SYSTEM; NATIONWIDE FOOD CONSUMPTION SURVEY (NFCS) (1987-88); NUTRIENT ELASTICITY ID SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; DEMAND SYSTEM; IMPACT AB Grouping schemes, commodity aggregation, and the choice of functional specification significantly influence the results of empirical demand studies. This article assesses the importance of these factors for estimating aggregate food consumption parameters. A flexible food demand model that nests alternative specifications is estimated using U.S. data. Foods are aggregated based on a new grouping scheme adopted from the ''Dietary Guidelines for Americans.'' Nutrient intake elasticities with respect to food prices and expenditure are calculated. The influence of socioeconomic variables on consumption and nutrient intake is analyzed. Price, income, and demographic effects are found to be highly significant. Our findings are invariant to the choice of functional form. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT NUTR,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP RAMEZANI, CA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CONSUMER SCI,1300 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.2307/1243221 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA RQ226 UT WOS:A1995RQ22600007 ER PT J AU TEISL, MF BOYLE, KJ MCCOLLUM, DW REILING, SD AF TEISL, MF BOYLE, KJ MCCOLLUM, DW REILING, SD TI TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF CONTINGENT VALUATION WITH INDEPENDENT SAMPLE PRETEST AND POSTTEST CONTROL-GROUPS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE CONTINGENT VALUATION; MOOSE HUNTING; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY ID DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE; RESPONSES AB Test-retest, the standard method used to investigate reliability of contingent valuation, is limited because when the time period between the two surveys is relatively short the study may exhibit testing recall. Conversely, when the time between the two surveys increases there is an increased chance the true value will change. The test-retest design cannot isolate these effects. Independent pretest and posttest control groups allow testing of reliability even when recall occurs or the true value changes. Using this design, we found ex post estimates of Hicksian surplus are reliable regardless of whether respondents have direct experience with an activity. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP TEISL, MF (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT RESOURCE ECON & POLICY,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3 BP 613 EP 619 DI 10.2307/1243229 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA RQ226 UT WOS:A1995RQ22600015 ER PT J AU GRADY, H PALMER, RG IMSANDE, J AF GRADY, H PALMER, RG IMSANDE, J TI ISOFLAVONOIDS IN ROOT AND HYPOCOTYL OF SOYBEAN SEEDLINGS (GLYCINE-MAX, FABACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; LINKAGE; GENES AB Isoflavonoids, some of which are highly fluorescent, are produced by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and serve as chemical signals for certain aspects of nitrogen fixation and microbial resistance. This study was conducted to determine whether soybean mutants with nonfluorescent roots contained abnormal concentrations of isoflavonoids. Isoflavonoids were extracted from the root and hypocotyl of 4-d-old wild-type soybean seedlings (cv. Hark) having fluorescent roots and from four nonallelic mutant, near isogenic lines of Hark having nonfluorescent roots. In addition, isoflavonoids were extracted from the root and hypocotyl of 4-d-old seedlings of near isogenic lines of Hark harboring two pairs of the mutant alleles for nonfluorescent roots. Malonyl daidzin, daidzin, malonyl genistin, and genistein were the most abundant isoflavonoids extracted from either the root or hypocotyl of seedlings with either fluorescent or nonfluorescent roots. Extracted malonyl daidzin, malonyl genistin, and malonyl glycitin decomposed readily, yielding daidzin, genistin, and glycitin, respectively. The concentrations of malonyl genistin and genistein, two highly fluorescent compounds, were similar in both fluorescent and nonfluorescent roots. Thus, root fluorescence was not correlated with abundance per se of fluorescent isoflavonoids in roots. In addition, the abundance of isoflavonoids extractable from the hypocotyl did not correlate with root fluorescence. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,FCR,AMES,IA 50011. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 82 IS 8 BP 964 EP 968 DI 10.2307/2446225 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RQ005 UT WOS:A1995RQ00500002 ER PT J AU SAWAYA, AL SALTZMAN, E FUSS, P YOUNG, VR ROBERTS, SB AF SAWAYA, AL SALTZMAN, E FUSS, P YOUNG, VR ROBERTS, SB TI DIETARY ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS OF YOUNG AND OLDER WOMEN DETERMINED BY USING THE DOUBLY LABELED WATER METHOD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ENERGY METABOLISM; ENERGY INTAKE; BODY COMPOSITION; AGE ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; AGING HUMANS; EXPENDITURE; VALIDATION; BALANCE; MEN AB There is little information on the effects of age on energy requirements in women. This issue was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 10 normal-weight young women aged 25.2 +/- 1.1 y (($) over bar x +/- SEM) and 10 normal-weight older women aged 74.0 +/- 1.4 y. In a 9-d study, measurements were made of free-living total energy expenditure (TEE) by using the doubly labeled water technique, body composition by using hydrodensitometry, and resting energy expenditure (REE) by using indirect calorimetry. Mean values for reported levels of strenuous activity were within the expected range in both groups (31 +/- 13 min/d in the young group and 7 +/- 2 min/d in the older group). Energy requirements expressed as the ratio of TEE to REE were 1.80 +/- 0.10 and 1.62 +/- 0.06 (P < 0.01) in the young and older group, respectively. When values for REE predicted from body weight (pREE) were used, as suggested in the current recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), the ratios of TEE to pREE in the two groups were 1.85 +/- 0.10 and 1.54 +/- 0.04 (P < 0.05). The RDAs significantly under-predicted the energy requirements of the young group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant underprediction in the older group. Although obtained in a relatively small number of subjects, these results provide no evidence to indicate that the current RDAs underestimate the energy requirements of older women, in contrast with previous observations of an underestimation of energy requirements by the RDAs in older men. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ENERGY METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. MIT,HUMAN NUTR LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RI Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR88]; NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 62 IS 2 BP 338 EP 344 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RM147 UT WOS:A1995RM14700006 PM 7625340 ER PT J AU KELLEY, DS DAUDU, PA TAYLOR, PC MACKEY, BE TURNLUND, JR AF KELLEY, DS DAUDU, PA TAYLOR, PC MACKEY, BE TURNLUND, JR TI EFFECTS OF LOW-COPPER DIETS ON HUMAN IMMUNE-RESPONSE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LYMPHOCYTES; MITOGENS; PROLIFERATION; PHAGOCYTOSIS; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; B CELLS; TRACE MINERAL ID DEFICIENT RATS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; YOUNG MEN; LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS; MICE AB We examined the effects of low-copper diets on indexes of immune response of 11 healthy men (aged 21-32 y) during a 90-d metabolic suite study. Daily copper intake for the first 24 d, next 42 d, and the last 24 d of the study was 0.66, 0.38, and 2.49 mg, respectively. Feeding the diet with 0.38 mg Cu/d was associated with a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) decrease in the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with phytohemagglutinin, Concanavalin A, or pokeweed, and an increase in the percentage of circulating B cells (CD 19+), but had no effect on the concentration of serum interleukin 2 receptor, the percentage of peripheral monocytes, neutrophils, CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ T cells; or on the neutrophil phagocytic activity. Feeding 2.49 mg Cu/d for 24 d prevented further decreases in the indexes affected by the low-copper diet but did not restore them to the prestudy concentrations, even though plasma copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations were restored to normal. C1 WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. RP KELLEY, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 28 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 62 IS 2 BP 412 EP 416 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RM147 UT WOS:A1995RM14700016 PM 7625350 ER PT J AU HUGHES, VA FIATARONE, MA FIELDING, RA FERRARA, CM ELAHI, D EVANS, WJ AF HUGHES, VA FIATARONE, MA FIELDING, RA FERRARA, CM ELAHI, D EVANS, WJ TI LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF A HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET AND EXERCISE ON INSULIN ACTION IN OLDER SUBJECTS WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DIETARY FIBER; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; MUSCLE GLYCOGEN; AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIGH-FAT; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; FOLLOW-UP; MUSCLE; SENSITIVITY AB Carbohydrate metabolism was assessed in 20 glucose-intolerant subjects before and after 12 wk on a high-carbohydrate diet (HC) or the diet combined with exercise training (HC-EX). The diet provided 60% of energy as carbohydrate and 20% as fat. Neither treatment altered fasting glucose or insulin concentrations or their response to a meal. During a glucose clamp (216 pmol insulin/L) glucose disposal increased from 13.2 +/- 0.83 to 14.6 +/- 0.83 mu mol . kg fat-free mass(-1) . min(-1) (P < 0.05) in both groups. During more pronounced hyperinsulinemia (654 pmol/L) glucose disposal did not change significantly (49.9 +/- 3.8 to 50.7 +/- 3.8 mu mol . kg fat-free mass(-1) . min(-1). Muscle glycogen increased in the HC-EX group (78.5 +/- 8.1 to 161.1 +/- 15.7 mmol glucose/kg muscle), with no changes in the HC group. These results do not support the recommendation to increase the dietary carbohydrate content for improving postprandial glucose metabolism or insulin action in glucose-intolerant adults unless combined with exercise training, which promotes muscle glycogen storage. C1 BETH ISRAEL HOSP,DIV GERONTOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP HUGHES, VA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-00599, AG-08812] NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 62 IS 2 BP 426 EP 433 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RM147 UT WOS:A1995RM14700018 PM 7625352 ER PT J AU BURTON, JL KEHRLI, ME AF BURTON, JL KEHRLI, ME TI REGULATION OF NEUTROPHIL ADHESION MOLECULES AND SHEDDING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS IN MILK OF CORTISOL-TREATED AND DEXAMETHASONE-TREATED COWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED MASTITIS; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; BLOOD; DEFICIENCY; RECEPTOR; INVIVO; FLOW; IDENTIFICATION AB The effects of 3 days of glucocorticoid administration on bovine blood neutrophil expression of L-selecttin and CD18, and on the health status of mammary glands subclinically infected with Staphylococcus aureus were measured in 9 lactating Holsteins. The experiment was a 3 x 3 Latin square cross-over design, with 3 glucocorticoid treatments switched among groups of 3 cows/treatment during 3 periods. Treatments consisted of a vehicle (control, 10 ml of excipient/cow/d), cortisol (7.5, 15, and 7.5 mg/cow on days 1, 2 and 3, respectively), and dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight/cow/d for total daily dosages that ranged from 21.6 to 33.2 mg). Blood samples for immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis of L-selectin and CD18 and leukograms, as well as foremilk samples for determination of S aureus shedding, somatic cell counts, protein and fat percentages, and daily milk yields were collected repeatedly before, during and after treatment days. Dexamethasone caused a profound, acute, short-lived down-regulation of L-selectin on neutrophils, which correlated in time to leukocytosis, mature and immature neutrophilias, increased shedding of S aureus in infected glands, and onset of high percentages of fat and protein and decreased milk yields. Dexamethasone also caused profound but delayed downregulation of neutrophil CD18, which reached nadir simultaneously with reappearance of L-selectin-bearing neutrophils, normalized blood neutrophil counts, markedly high foremilk somatic cell counts and protein percentage, decreased S aureus shedding in milk, and finally, expression of clinical mastitis in some infected quarters. Each of these variables had returned to control (vehicle) values by the ninth (and last) sample collection day. Although cortisol treatment also decreased expression of L-selectin and CD18 on neutrophils, dosages used in this study were not sufficient to alter the number of circulating cells or to convert subclinical mammary gland infections to clinical mastitis. These results suggest that mammary gland health status can be altered by sudden exposure of blood neutrophils to glucocorticoids, because these steroid hormones caused profound down-regulation of the adhesion molecules that direct neutrophil margination and migration through the vascular endothelium. The results also reinforce the potential disease risk of treating infected animals with potent synthetic glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 37 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 56 IS 8 BP 997 EP 1006 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RL504 UT WOS:A1995RL50400006 PM 8533991 ER PT J AU STABEL, TJ FEDORKACRAY, PJ GRAY, JT AF STABEL, TJ FEDORKACRAY, PJ GRAY, JT TI TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA PRODUCTION IN SWINE AFTER ORAL OR RESPIRATORY CHALLENGE EXPOSURE WITH LIVE SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM OR SALMONELLA-CHOLERAESUIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENDOTOXIC-SHOCK; INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; INTERNAL ORGANS; PORCINE LUNG; SERUM LEVELS; IFN-GAMMA; LIPID-A; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTION AB A series of experiments was conducted to document tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) activity in serum of swine after inoculation with Salmonella spp endotoxin and after oral or respiratory tract challenge exposure with live Salmonella spp. For experiment 1, a potentially lethal dose of S typhimurium endotoxin (25 mu g/kg of body weight) was administered IV, and serum TNF activity was measured. High TNF (approx 700 IU/ml) activity at 1 to 2 hours after administration of the inoculum was associated with death, whereas lower TNF (approx 30 IU/ml) activity was associated with a general prolonged state of shock. For experiment 2, pigs were administered a nonlethal dose (5 mu g/kg, IV) of either S typhimurium or S choleraesuis endotoxin. Difference in the ability to induce porcine serum TNF activity was not observed between strains. During experiment 3, pigs were inoculated with 10(4) colony-forming units of S typhimurium chi 4232 either orally by gelatin capsule (GC) or by intranasal (IN) instillation. A late serum TNF response (17 IU/ml) was measured at 6 weeks after IN inoculation. A serum TNF response was not detected in GC-inoculated pigs. All tissues and feces were test-negative for S typhimurium prior to the 6-week TNF response. Serum TNF activity may be related to clearance of S typhimurium after respiratory tract exposure, but it is not important to or indicative of clearance of orally presented S typhimurium in swine. During experiment 4, pigs were inoculated with 10(6) colony-forming units of S typhimurium chi 4232 similarly as for experiment 3. Challenge exposure with this medium-size dose of inoculum induced a prolonged peak serum TNF response (37 IU/ml) between 2 and 4 weeks after IN inoculation. Again, serum TNF activity was not detected in GC-inoculated pigs. Data suggest that clearance of a medium-size dose (10(6)) of inoculum may be influenced by the prolonged higher serum TNF activity. For experiments 5 and 6, pigs were inoculated IN with 10(3), 10(6), 10(8), or 10(9) S choleraesuis chi 3246. A measurable, yet statistically nonsignificant, serum TNF response was observed for all doses. Pigs inoculated by GC with 10(8) S choleraesuis chi 3246 had similar results. High doses (> 10(6)) of live S choleraesuis were associated with clinical signs of endotoxic shock. Clearance of S choleraesuis, or lack thereof, did not correlate with serum TNF activity. RP STABEL, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1012 EP 1018 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RL504 UT WOS:A1995RL50400008 PM 8533971 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP THULLIEZ, P WEIGEL, RM ANDREWS, CD LIND, P POWELL, EC AF DUBEY, JP THULLIEZ, P WEIGEL, RM ANDREWS, CD LIND, P POWELL, EC TI SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF VARIOUS SEROLOGIC TESTS FOR DETECTION OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION IN NATURALLY INFECTED SOWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SWINE SERA; ANTIBODIES; PIGS AB The sensitivity and specificity of various serologic tests for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were compared in 1,000 naturally exposed sows, using isolation of viable T gondii as the definitive test. Serum samples obtained from heart blood of 1,000 sows from Iowa were examined for T gondii antibodies by use of the modified agglutination test (MAT), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), and ELISA. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 170 hearts of 1,000 sows by bioassays in mice and cats. The percentage of samples diagnosed as positive for each of the serologic tests was: MAT = 22.2% (titer greater than or equal to 1:20), IHAT = 6.4% (titer greater than or equal to 1:64), LAT = 10.4% (titer greater than or equal to 1: 64), and ELISA = 24.1% (OD > 0.360). The sensitivity and specificity of these tests were calculated respectively to be: 82.9 and 90.29% for MAT, 29.4 and 98.3% for IHAT, 45.9 and 96.9% for LAT, and 72.9 and 85.9% for ELISA. The dye test was run at 1:20 dilution on only 893 sera because of bacterial contamination and presence of anticomplement substances. Dye test antibodies were found in 17.8% of the sera, and sensitivity and specificity were 54.4 and 90.8%, respectively. Thus, the MAT had the highest sensitivity among all serologic tests used. C1 INST PUERICULTURE,TOXOPLASMOSE LAB,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MINIST AGR,DANISH VET LAB,DK-1790 COPENHAGEN V,DENMARK. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 157 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1030 EP 1036 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RL504 UT WOS:A1995RL50400011 PM 8533974 ER PT J AU AMES, N MCELROY, A AKIN, DE LYON, CE AF AMES, N MCELROY, A AKIN, DE LYON, CE TI EVALUATION OF STEM, STRENGTH OF ALFALFA (MEDICAGO-SATIVA L) GENOTYPES SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; MEDICAGO SATIVA; INTAKE; STEM STRENGTH; SAMPLING; SHEAR STRENGTH; STEM DIAMETER ID LEAF SHEAR-STRENGTH; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; TEXTURAL STRENGTH; RUMINAL FUNGI; DIGESTION; DEGRADATION; LEAVES AB Stem strength, as an estimate of forage intake potential, could be a useful selection parameter in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) breeding programs, but there is little information on sampling techniques or the effect of tissue weakening by bacterial or fungal incubation. This study investigated the effect of stem position (top, middle, bottom) and incubation with a water control, Ruminococcus flavefaciens or Neocallimastix MC-2 on stem shear strength of four alfalfa genotypes, Stem diameter was closely associated with shear force in all treatments and was used as a covariate in statistical analyses. Shear strength increased from the top to the bottom of all genotypes regardless of incubation. Both bacterial and fungal incubation reduced (P<0.01) shear strength, with the fungus reducing shear strength to the greatest extent, Genotype differences (P<0.05) across incubation treatments were detected in the bottom stem portions only, There were no genotype X incubation treatment interactions within any stem position, but genotype X position effects (P<0.01) were detected in the water incubation control, The bottom sections of alfalfa showed the largest differences and would provide the best sample material to estimate forage intake potential. Stem diameter should be used as a covariate. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP AMES, N (reprint author), AGR CANADA,PLANT RES CTR,FORAGE BLDG 12,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0C6,CANADA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(95)90859-A PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RQ969 UT WOS:A1995RQ96900022 ER PT J AU GOETSCH, AL FERRELL, CL AF GOETSCH, AL FERRELL, CL TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY MAIZE LEVEL ON NET FLUX ACROSS SPLANCHNIC TISSUES OF OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS IN WETHERS CONSUMING AD-LIBITUM DIFFERENT FORAGES SO ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FORAGE; MAIZE; METABOLISM; NITROGEN; SHEEP ID HEAT-PRODUCTION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ORCHARDGRASS SILAGE; DAIRY-COWS; HAY DIET; STEERS; METABOLISM; ENERGY; ALFALFA; SHEEP AB Crossbred wethers (34 (s.e. 0.9) kg), with catheters in a hepatic vein, the portal vein and a mesenteric vein and artery, were offered ad libitum alfalfa (A), bermudagrass (B) or ryegrass-wheat (RW) hay and approximately 0 200 or 400 g/kg maize (dry matter) to determine influences of maize level on net flux of oxygen and nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) adn liver with different forage sources. Digestible energy intake (MJ/day) was 8.5, 12.0 and 12.8 (s.e. 1.15) for A; 4.5, 5.5 and 9.0 (s.e. 0.93) for B; and 9.4, 8.8 and 12.2 (s.e. 0.93) for RW with 0, 200 and 400 g/kg maize, respectively. Splanclinic bed oxygen consumption (mmol/h) was 301, 304 and 322 (s.e. 27.2) for a; 178, 187 and 217 (s.e 30.0) for B; and 226, 133 and 233 (s.e. 19.0) for RW with 0, 200 and 400 g/kg maize, respectively. Increasing dietary maize level linearly increased (P<0.05) PDV release of alpha- amino nitrogen with B (5,9 and 14 mmol/h) but not with A or RW. Dietary maize level did not consistently alter PDV or hepatic net flux of urea or ammonia nitrogen, suggesting that changes in ruminally fermentable organic matter from diets offered ad libitum, presumably induced by varying dietary concentrate level, may not alter nitrogen recycling when forage is 86 g/kg or greater in crude protein. Propionate release by the PDV and hepatic uptake increased linearly (P<0.08) as maize level in A and B diets increased, although increasing dietary maize level did not significantly alter PDV , hepatic or splanclinic bed net flux of glucose regardless of forage source. Nevertheless, glucose concentration in arterial blood with A and RW increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing maize level, suggesting increased peripheral glucose availability. In conclusion, the potential to decrease energy consumption by splanchnic tissues relative to digestible energy intake by dietary inclusion of maize, thereby increasing the proportion of absorbed energy available to extra-splanclinic tissues, may be greater for low-quality forage than for forage of moderate or high quality and for moderate b. low dietary levels of maize with low-quality forage. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP GOETSCH, AL (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU DURRANT PERIODICALS PI EAST LOTHIAN PA WINTON LEA PENCAITLAND, EAST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH34 5AY SN 0003-3561 J9 ANIM SCI JI Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 61 BP 43 EP 55 PN 1 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RR344 UT WOS:A1995RR34400006 ER PT J AU GUARDPETTER, J LAKSHMI, B CARLSON, R INGRAM, K AF GUARDPETTER, J LAKSHMI, B CARLSON, R INGRAM, K TI CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE HETEROGENEITY IN SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS BY AN IMPROVED GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS METHOD SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; SILVER STAIN; O-ANTIGEN; TYPHIMURIUM; ENDOTOXIN; BACTERIA; STRAINS; SMOOTH; EGGS AB Salmonella enteritidis field isolates of different phage types and pathogenicities were assessed for changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure, using an improved method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) that revealed the same degree of structural detail as mass spectroscopy, The method allowed characterization of an LPS chemotype that may be associated, regardless of phage type, with increased virulence of S, enteritidis, The virulent variant SE6-E21, which efficiently contaminates eggs and yields high numbers of organisms from chick spleens, had an O-antigen/core ratio of 2.8, as determined from gels by densitometry, and 1.67 mu g of mannose per mu g of 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid (KDO), while the avirulent variant SE6-E5 had O-antigen/core ratios of 1.2 and 1.00, The association between O antigen and virulence was also seen on analysis of five new field isolates, One of the new field isolates generated a mixed population of smooth and semismooth variants in agreement with its mixed virulence in chicks, When LPS was purified from large-volume cultures, only the most virulent isolate yielded high amounts of O antigen (1.6 mu g of mannose per mu g of KDO), while the other isolates had ratios characteristic of semismooth variants (less than or equal to 1.0 mu g of mannose per mu g of KDO), including the isolate of mixed virulence, These results indicate that the improved PAGE method might provide a rapid, sensitive, in vitro assessment of field isolate virulence prior to the performance of definitive infectivity trials. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP GUARDPETTER, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 61 IS 8 BP 2845 EP 2851 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RM015 UT WOS:A1995RM01500006 PM 7487016 ER PT J AU WOLOSHUK, CP YOUSIBOVA, GL ROLLINS, JA BHATNAGAR, D PAYNE, GA AF WOLOSHUK, CP YOUSIBOVA, GL ROLLINS, JA BHATNAGAR, D PAYNE, GA TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AFL-1 LOCUS IN ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-BROWN GENE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANS-INACTIVATION; PARASITICUS; CLONING; PURIFICATION; ZESTE; TRANSVECTION AB An unusual mutation at the afl-1 locus, affecting aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus 649, was investigated. The inability of strain 649 to produce aflatoxin was found to be the result of a large (greater than 60 kb) deletion that included a cluster of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes. Diploids formed by parasexual crosses between strain 649 and the aflatoxigenic strain 86 did not produce aflatoxin, indicating the dominant nature of the afl-1 mutation in strain 649. In metabolite feeding experiments, the diploids did not convert three intermediates in the aflatoxin pathway to aflatoxin. Northern (RNA blot) analysis of the diploids grown in medium conducive for aflatoxin production indicated that the aflatoxin pathway genes nor1, ver1, and omt1 were not expressed; however, there was low-level expression of the regulatory gene aflR. Pulsed-field electrophoresis gels indicated a larger (6 Mb) chromosome in strain 649 than the apparently homologous (4.9 Mb) chromosome in strain 86. The larger chromosome in strain 649 suggests that a rearrangement occurred in addition to the deletion. From these data, we propose that a traps-sensing mechanism in diploids is responsible for the dominant phenotype associated with the afl-1 locus in strain 649. Such a mechanism is known in Drosophila melanogaster but has not been described for fungi. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WOLOSHUK, CP (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,1155 LILLY HALL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 61 IS 8 BP 3019 EP 3023 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RM015 UT WOS:A1995RM01500033 PM 7487033 ER PT J AU HESPELL, RB COTTA, MA AF HESPELL, RB COTTA, MA TI DEGRADATION AND UTILIZATION BY BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS H17C OF XYLANS WITH DIFFERENT CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; RUMINAL BACTERIA; LARCHWOOD 4-O-METHYLGLUCURONOXYLAN; FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELL-WALL; CLONING; EXPRESSION; GENES; PURIFICATION AB Hemicelluloses, mainly xylans, can be a major component of diets consumed by ruminants and undergo various degrees of microbial digestion in the rumen, The ability of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a major xylanolytic ruminal species, to degrade and utilize nine chemically and physically different xylans for growth was examined, The arabinoxylans used included two isolated from corncobs (CCX-A and CCX-B), a native xylan excreted by corn cell tissue cultures (CX), an oxalic acid-treated, arabinose-depleted CX, and oat spelt xylan. Except for CCX-A, these xylans were extensively converted within 3 h of growth to acid-alcohol-soluble forms that remained at high levels for the duration of culture grow;th. These xylans contain mainly xylose and arabinose,vith small amounts of uronic acids, For a given xylan, all three components were used at about the same rate and extent, During the early stages of growth B. fibrisolvens also rapidly solubilized glucuronoxylans from birchwood, larchwood, 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan, and the xylose homopolymer xylan isolated from beechwood (BEWX), In contrast to the findings for the arabinoxylans, little acid-alcohol-soluble carbohydrate remained in these cultures after 9 h of growth, except for BEWX, Initially, with birchwood, larchwood, and 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan the uronic acid components were preferentially used over the xylose, Final xylan utilization measured at 72 h for all xylans varied from 57% for CCX-A to 92% for BEWX and was correlated with the initial 12-h utilization rate for a given xylan, Since CCX-A and BEWX are both highly water insoluble, this aspect did not appear to influence overall utilization, Thus, the type and distribution of xylan side chains are more important to xylan utilization by B. fibrisolvens. RP HESPELL, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 55 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 61 IS 8 BP 3042 EP 3050 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RM015 UT WOS:A1995RM01500037 PM 7487036 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RW KOCHANSKY, J KLEIN, RR HUBER, SC AF MCMICHAEL, RW KOCHANSKY, J KLEIN, RR HUBER, SC TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY OF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE PROTEIN-KINASE SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE REGULATORY PHOSPHORYLATION; RECOGNITION ELEMENTS; PROTEIN KINASE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ID INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; SPINACH; PHOSPHORYLATION; EXPRESSION; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE; ACTIVATION; CLONING; LEAVES AB Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) is regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation. When the enzyme is phosphorylated it is inactivated and can be reactivated by removal of phosphate. The major regulatory phosphorylation site is known to be Ser(158) in the spinach-leaf enzyme, and two protein kinase activities have been resolved chromatographically which phosphorylate SPS at this site in vitro. In this report, we use a set of synthetic peptide substrate analogs based on the phosphorylation site sequence, and a set of Escherichia coli-expressed 26-kDa fragments of spinach SPS which contain the site, to identify the recognition elements that target the two protein kinases to Ser(158). The major recognition element consists of basic residues at P-3 and P-6 relative to the phosphorylated serine. Comparison of the spinach enzyme amino-acid sequence with two other plant species show conservation of these amino acids and implies that these signals are also conserved. We also present evidence that glucose-6-phosphate is not only an allosteric activator of SPS but also an inhibitor of SPS-protein kinase per se, thereby allowing it to act at both levels of SPS regulation. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 321 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1006/abbi.1995.1369 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RN517 UT WOS:A1995RN51700010 PM 7639538 ER PT J AU YEUM, KJ LEEKIM, YC YOON, S LEE, KY PARK, IS LEE, KS KIM, BS TANG, GW RUSSELL, RM KRINSKY, NI AF YEUM, KJ LEEKIM, YC YOON, S LEE, KY PARK, IS LEE, KS KIM, BS TANG, GW RUSSELL, RM KRINSKY, NI TI SIMILAR METABOLITES FORMED FROM BETA-CAROTENE BY HUMAN GASTRIC-MUCOSAL HOMOGENATES, LIPOXYGENASE, OR LINOLEIC-ACID HYDROPEROXIDE SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE; BETA-APO-CAROTENOIDS; OXIDATION; LIPOXYGENASE; HYDROPEROXIDE ID SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE; ENZYMATIC CONVERSION; CO-OXIDATION; ANTIOXIDANT; CLEAVAGE; SYSTEMS; INVITRO AB To determine the basis for the formation of excentric cleavage products of beta-carotene (beta-C) after incubation with human gastric mucosal homogenates, we have studied the effect of lipoxygenase in beta-C metabolism. beta-C was incubated with human gastric mucosal homogenates, soybean lipoxygenase with linoleic acid, or the lipoxygenase primary product, 13(S)-hydroperoxy-cis,trans-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-LOOH). The beta-C-metabolites, beta-apo-14', -12', -10', and -8'-carotenals, beta-apo-13-carotenone, retinoic acid, and retinal were detected and quantified by HPLC after a 30-min incubation with 1.8 mu M beta-C. The products from the lipoxygenase plus linoleic acid incubation and from the lipoxygenase primary product, 13-LOOH, with beta-C were exactly the same as the products from a human gastric mucosal homogenate incubation. Significantly larger amounts of the same beta-C metabolites were formed when beta-C was incubated with gastric mucosal homogenates and lipoxygenase together. Furthermore, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a specific lipoxygenase inhibitor, was found to significantly inhibit the formation of beta-apo-carotenoids and retinoids produced by gastric mucosal homogenates incubated with beta-C. The similarity of the beta-C metabolites when beta-C was incubated with human gastric mucosal homogenate, lipoxygenase plus linoleic acid, or 13-LOOH and the inhibition of beta-C metabolite production by NDGA in gastric tissue incubation with beta-C suggest that lipoxygenase is involved in beta-C metabolism in gastric mucosa. The activity of 13-LOOH in our hands would indicate that an enzyme-linked process is occurring in gastric tissue producing fatty acid hydroperoxides, and that the hydroperoxide, or a radical species derived from it, is able to carry out the oxidation of beta-C independently of the enzyme. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. YONSEI UNIV,DEPT FOOD & NUTR,SEOUL 120749,SOUTH KOREA. YONSEI UNIV,INST GASTROENTEROL,SEOUL 120749,SOUTH KOREA. YONSEI UNIV,YONSEI CANC CTR,SEOUL 120749,SOUTH KOREA. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 321 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1006/abbi.1995.1382 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RN517 UT WOS:A1995RN51700023 PM 7639517 ER PT J AU FARRELL, HM WICKHAM, ED REEVES, HC AF FARRELL, HM WICKHAM, ED REEVES, HC TI EFFECTS OF LONG-CHAIN ACYL-COENZYME AS ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE SOLUBLE FORM OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE-SPECIFIC ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM LACTATING BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NADP+; COA; ENZYMES; HEART; ACID; PIG; RAT AB The cytosolic form of NADP(+):isocitrate dehydrogenase, a primary source of the NADPH required for de novo fatty acid synthesis in lactating bovine mammary gland, was studied to determine possible mechanisms of regulation by fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA), The reduction of NADP(+) by the enzyme is inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA. In steady-state experiments, when added enzyme is used to start the reaction, analyses of velocity versus palmitoyl-CoA concentration as a binding isotherm, following the assumptions of Wyman's theory of thermodynamic linkage, suggested that binding of palmitoyl-CoA produced two different inhibitory effects on the enzyme. This analysis suggested inhibition first through binding to sites with an average dissociation constant of 3.3 mu M, then by binding to sites with an average dissociation constant of 294 mu M. When the enzyme is preincubated with palmitoyl-CoA there is an induction of a significant lag-burst reaction rate (hysteretic kinetics), Preincubation of the enzyme with its substrate, metal-isocitrate complex, nearly abolished the lag time and decreased the degree of inhibition. Changes in lag time and percentage inhibition as a function of concentration of palmitoyl-CoA followed patterns, similar to those observed in steady-state reactions, where the enzyme is not preincubated, Examination of the effect of acyl chain length at 300 mu M demonstrated that only long-chain CoA's with carbon numbers >14 have pronounced effects on kinetics. CoA alone has little or no effect, while stearoyl-CoA completely inhibited the enzyme. Other C-18 acyl groups produced varying effects depending on the degree of unsaturation and cis-trans isomerism, NADP(+):Isocitrate dehydrogenases, from other sources including that from Escherichia coli, do not show such sensitivity to acyl chain character under these conditions. Concentration ranges observed for these transitions are compatible with physiological conditions. This suggests that complexes of acyl-CoA's and NADP(+):isocitrate dehydrogenase, in tissue rich in the cytoplasmic form of the enzyme, could be related to cytoplasmic events in the synthesis and secretion of lipid and possibly protein, since palmitoyl-CoA is known to promote secretory processes through acylation reactions which lead to vesicle fusion. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. RP FARRELL, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 321 IS 1 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1006/abbi.1995.1386 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RN517 UT WOS:A1995RN51700027 PM 7639521 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH LAMONFAVA, S CONTOIS, JH LI, ZL RASMUSSEN, H MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM AF SCHAEFER, EJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH LAMONFAVA, S CONTOIS, JH LI, ZL RASMUSSEN, H MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM TI EFFICACY OF A NATIONAL CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION-PROGRAM STEP 2 DIET IN NORMOLIPIDEMIC AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY MEN AND WOMEN SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LDL CHOLESTEROL; HDL CHOLESTEROL; NCEP; DIET ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LOW-FAT DIET; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; FRAMINGHAM; TRIAL; PRECIPITATION; QUANTITATION; MORTALITY AB We tested the effects of a National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diet (30% of calories or less as total fat, less than 7% saturated fat, and less than 200 mg cholesterol per day) on plasma lipid levels in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic middle-aged and elderly men and women. Thirty-two subjects were studied. Eight normolipidemic subjects (6 men and 2 women, mean age 56+/-13 years) with LDL cholesterol levels of less than 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) were given a baseline diet similar in composition to the diet currently consumed in the United States (35% of calories as total fat and 14% as saturated fat, with 147 mg cholesterol per 1000 kcal) for 6 weeks. Subjects were then placed on an NCEP Step 2 diet (26% total fat, 4% saturated fat, 45 mg cholesterol per 1000 kcal) for 24 weeks. In addition, 24 subjects (12 men and 12 women, mean age 62+/-12 years) with moderate hypercholesterolemia (LDL cholesterol levels of 4.14 mmol/L or above) were given a baseline diet for 6 weeks and then the NCEP Step 2 diet for 6 weeks. Energy intakes were adjusted to keep body weight constant throughout the study. In both normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic subjects, consumption of the NCEP Step 2 diet was associated with significant changes in levels of total cholesterol (-20% and -16%, respectively), LDL cholesterol (-21% and -18%, respectively), and HDL cholesterol (-16% and -15%, respectively). The plasma total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and plasma triglyceride, VLDL cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) levels were not affected by the diet in either group. Similar responses were seen in men and women. The range of diet responsiveness in the 32 subjects was very large, with LDL cholesterol changes ranging from +5% to -40%. Thus, an NCEP Step 2 diet is effective in significantly reducing total and LDL cholesterol levels without changing the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio under controlled isoweight conditions in middle-aged and elderly normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic men and women. The wide individual variation in diet responsiveness may indicate genetic variability. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DIV ENDOCRINOL METAB & MOLEC MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326] NR 45 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscl. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1079 EP 1085 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RN901 UT WOS:A1995RN90100012 PM 7627699 ER PT J AU BROSNAN, JT HALL, B SELHUB, J NADEAU, MR BOSTOM, AG AF BROSNAN, JT HALL, B SELHUB, J NADEAU, MR BOSTOM, AG TI RENAL METABOLISM OF HOMOCYSTEINE IN-VIVO SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Note CT 654th Meeting of the Biochemical-Society CY APR 04-07, 1995 CL LEICESTER, ENGLAND SP Biochem Soc C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701. RP BROSNAN, JT (reprint author), MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,DEPT BIOCHEM,ST JOHNS,NF A1B 3X9,CANADA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP S470 EP S470 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RU085 UT WOS:A1995RU08500133 PM 8566366 ER PT J AU PARSONS, WFJ KELLER, M AF PARSONS, WFJ KELLER, M TI CONTROLS ON NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM TROPICAL PASTURE AND RAIN-FOREST SOILS SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE COSTA RICA; NO PRODUCTION; NITRIFICATION; PASTURE CONVERSION; TROPICAL RAIN FOREST; ACETYLENE INHIBITION; SOIL CORES ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; DRY SOIL; NO; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; SEASON; CONSUMPTION; INHIBITION; VARIABLES AB In field studies, forest soils in the Atlantic Lowlands of Costa Pica emitted greater amounts of nitric oxide (NO) than soils from pastures that had been actively grazed for over 20 years following their conversion from forest. We measured NO production from intact soil cores from these land uses. Laboratory tests using ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), water, and acetylene (C2H2) additions demonstrate a response consistent with field studies. Forest soil cores produced more NO than pasture cores regardless of treatment. In forest soil the response to NH4+ solution was significantly greater than response to water or an ambient moisture control. Addition of 10 kPa C2H2 caused a marked decrease in NO production in forest soil cores. These responses suggest a nitrification-linked control over NO production. Large and rapid responses to NO2- additions suggest that chemical decomposition of this ion may contribute to NO production. Pasture soil cores did not show a significant response to any of the treatments including NO2-. Low porosity in the pasture soils may restrict emission of NO produced therein. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,BUR BIOL RES,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP PARSONS, WFJ (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1007/BF00336551 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RN746 UT WOS:A1995RN74600001 ER PT J AU GARNER, DL JOHNSON, LA AF GARNER, DL JOHNSON, LA TI VIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MAMMALIAN SPERM USING SYBR-14 AND PROPIDIUM IODIDE SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPERMATOZOA; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CELL VIABILITY; MOTILITY; QUALITY AB The proportion of living sperm in semen from six representative mammals was assessed by means of a dual staining technique using the stains SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI). SYBR-14, a newly developed fluorescent nucleic acid stain, maximally absorbs at 488 nm and emits at 518 nm when bound to DNA, Microscopic examination revealed that SYBR-14 stained the nuclei of living sperm bright green as determined by simultaneous examination of fluorescence and motility. Conversely, PI stained only nonmotile sperm that had lost their membrane integrity. Sperm from bulls, boars, rams, rabbits, mice, and men were stained and examined through use of fluorescence microscopy. The proportions of living and dead sperm were determined by first staining with SYBR-14 and PI and then assessing stain uptake by flow cytometry, Similar staining patterns were observed in all six mammalian species tested. Three populations of sperm were identified: living-SYBR-14 stained, dead-PI stained, and moribund-doubly stained. The SYBR-14 staining was replaced by PI staining as sperm progressed from living to moribund. The transition from green (SYBR-14) to red (PI) fluorescence started at the posterior region of the sperm head and proceeded anteriorly, The proportions of living and dead sperm in mammalian semen were readily identified through use of dual staining with SYBR-14 and PI and quantified through use of flow cytometry. C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP GARNER, DL (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,SCH VET MED 202,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 17 TC 347 Z9 365 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 53 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1095/biolreprod53.2.276 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RJ405 UT WOS:A1995RJ40500006 PM 7492679 ER PT J AU SOMKUTI, GA STEINBERG, DH AF SOMKUTI, GA STEINBERG, DH TI PERMEABILIZED STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS IN THE PREPARATION OF LOW-LACTOSE MILK SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; PURIFICATION AB Several compounds with detergent activity were used to permeabilize Streptococcus thermophilus and allow a high level expression of intracellular beta-galadosidase. Treatment with SDS, Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate and oxgall suppressed cell growth for several hours, which permitted the use of permeabilized S. thermophilus biomass in milk without concomitant production of lactic acid. The addition of cell preparations directly or entrapped in an agarose-gel support resulted in up to 90% or higher reduction of lactose content in milk. RP SOMKUTI, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 22 BP 23 EP 29 PN 1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RN109 UT WOS:A1995RN10900003 ER PT J AU NUNEZ, A FOGLIA, TA PIAZZA, GJ AF NUNEZ, A FOGLIA, TA PIAZZA, GJ TI IMPROVED METHOD FOR EXTRACTION OF HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE FROM CHORELLA SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIPOXYGENASE; ACID AB Hydroperoxide lyase converts fatty acid hydroperoxides to ore-fatty acids which, after further oxidation, are suitable for the synthesis of higher polyamides. An improved method utilizing an acetone powder step for isolation of this enzyme from the unicellular alga Chlorella was developed. Using this procedure a five fold increase in hydroperoxide lyase activity from Chlorella pyrenoidosa was obtained compared to previously used extraction methods. Other Chlorella species were assayed, and it was found that C. fusca also contained significant hydroperoxide lyase activity. RP NUNEZ, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 8 BP 613 EP 616 DI 10.1007/BF00152454 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RQ910 UT WOS:A1995RQ91000015 ER PT J AU SMITH, KT SHORTLE, WC OSTROFSKY, WD AF SMITH, KT SHORTLE, WC OSTROFSKY, WD TI ALUMINUM AND CALCIUM IN FINE-ROOT TIPS OF RED SPRUCE COLLECTED FROM THE FOREST FLOOR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PICEA-RUBENS SARG; WHITEFACE MOUNTAIN; ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; TOXICITY; STAND; NUTRIENTS; CHEMISTRY; GRADIENT; MAINE AB Root chemistry is being increasingly used as a marker of biologically relevant soil chemistry. To evaluate this marker, we determined the precision of measurement, the effect of organic soil horizon, and the effect of stand elevation on the chemistry of fine root tips of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). Fine root tips were collected from the F and H horizons of the forest floor of nine locations. Six of the locations were selected as pairs that differed in elevation. The concentrations of Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe in fine root tip collections were determined by direct current plasma emission spectroscopy. Element concentrations were not well correlated between collections made from the F and H layers associated with individual trees. The concentration of Ca was significantly higher and the concentrations of Al and Fe were significantly lower in fine root tips collected from the F than in tips collected from the H horizons. Fine root tips collected from the higher elevation member of paired locations yielded a higher Al:Ca ratio than did those collected from the lower elevation member. These results indicated the need to stratify fine root collections by soil horizon within the forest floor. C1 UNIV MAINE,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,COOPERAT FOREST RES UNIT,ORONO,ME 04469. RP SMITH, KT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1237 EP 1242 DI 10.1139/x95-136 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV273 UT WOS:A1995RV27300003 ER PT J AU VOSE, JM ELLIOTT, KJ JOHNSON, DW WALKER, RF JOHNSON, MG TINGEY, DT AF VOSE, JM ELLIOTT, KJ JOHNSON, DW WALKER, RF JOHNSON, MG TINGEY, DT TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 AND N FERTILIZATION ON SOIL RESPIRATION FROM PONDEROSA PINE (PINUS-PONDEROSA) IN OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST FLOOR; ROOT RESPIRATION; HARDWOOD FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; EFFLUX AB We measured growing season soil CO2 evolution under elevated atmospheric CO2 and soil nitrogen (N) additions. Our objectives were to determine treatment effects, quantify seasonal variation, and determine regulating mechanisms. Elevated CO2 treatments were applied in open-top chambers containing 3-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings. Nitrogen applications were made annually in early spring. The experimental design was a replicated factorial combination of CO2 (ambient, +175, and +350 mu L . L(-1) CO2) and N (0, 10, and 20 g . m(-2) N as ammonium sulfate). Soils were irrigated to maintain soil moisture at >25%. Soil CO2 evolution was measured over diurnal periods (20-22 h) in April, June, and October 1993 using a flow-through, infrared gas analyzer measurement system. To examine regulating mechanisms, we linked our results with other studies measuring root biomass with destructive sampling and root studies using minirhizotron techniques. Significantly higher soil CO2 evolution was observed in the elevated CO2 treatments in April and October; N effects were not significant. In October, integrated daily values for CO2 evolution ranged from 3.73 to 15.68 g CO2 . m(-2)day(-1) for the ambient CO2 + 0 N and 525 mu L . L(-1) CO2 + 20 g . m(-2) N, respectively. Soil CO2 flux among treatments was correlated with coarse root biomass (r(2) = 0.40; p >F = 0.0380), indicating that at least some of the variation observed among treatments was related to variation in root respiration. Across ail sample periods and treatments, there was a significant correlation (r(2) = 0.63; p >F = 0.0001) between soil CO2 evolution acid percent fungal hyphae observed in minirhizotron tubes. Hence, some of the seasonal and treatment variation was also related to differences in heterotrophic activity. C1 UNIV NEVADA,COLL AGR,DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89557. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP VOSE, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,999 COWEETA LAB RD,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 43 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1243 EP 1251 DI 10.1139/x95-137 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV273 UT WOS:A1995RV27300004 ER PT J AU SCHIER, GA MCQUATTIE, CJ AF SCHIER, GA MCQUATTIE, CJ TI EFFECT OF ALUMINUM ON THE GROWTH, ANATOMY, AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL AND NONMYCORRHIZAL EASTERN WHITE-PINE SEEDLINGS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORWAY SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; TREE SEEDLINGS; MYCORRHIZAL; TOXICITY; METALS; NICKEL; BIRCH AB Effect of aluminum (Al) on the growth, anatomy, and nutrient content of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) was determined by growing newly germinated seedlings for 12 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg/L of Al. To determine the influence of mycorrhizal infection on Al toxicity, half of the seedlings were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch. Across Al concentrations, shoot growth (height, needle length, biomass) but not root growth (lateral root length, biomass) was significantly greater in ectomycorrhizal (ECT) than nonmycorrhizal (NM) seedlings. Aluminum significantly decreased shoot and root growth in ECT and NM seedlings but had less effect on growth in ECT seedlings. Foliar symptoms of Al toxicity (chlorosis, tip necrosis) were more pronounced in NM than in ECT seedlings. Cellular and ultrastructural injury to needles and root meristematic tissues was observed at lower concentrations of Al in NM seedlings than in ECT seedlings. Amelioration of Al toxicity by mycorrhizal colonization appeared to result from enhanced uptake of nutrients, especially P, rather than to reduced uptake of Al. RP SCHIER, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1252 EP 1262 DI 10.1139/x95-138 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV273 UT WOS:A1995RV27300005 ER PT J AU CASTELLO, JD WARGO, PM JACOBI, V BACHAND, GD TOBI, DR ROGERS, MAM AF CASTELLO, JD WARGO, PM JACOBI, V BACHAND, GD TOBI, DR ROGERS, MAM TI TOMATO MOSAIC-VIRUS INFECTION OF RED SPRUCE ON WHITEFACE MOUNTAIN, NEW-YORK - PREVALENCE AND POTENTIAL IMPACT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the roots of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) on Whiteface Mountain, New York. Both virus incidence and concentration in the roots of red spruce vary by site and were greater in trees with little to moderate crown dieback than in trees with severe dieback. There was no significant association between virus incidence or concentration in the roots of red spruce and elevation on Whiteface Mountain. Multiple regression analysis of virus concentration in the roots, as the dependent variable, was performed against nine selected crown and root variables. In the final regression model, the number of live second-order nonwoody roots per length of first-order nonwoody root and length of the live crown were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with virus concentration in the roots. These results suggest a complex epidemiology and a potentially significant impact of ToMV infection on the growth of red spruce on Whiteface Mountain. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. HORT RES INT,W MALLING ME19 6BJ,KENT,ENGLAND. UNIV VERMONT,SCH NAT RESOURCES,AIKEN CTR,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. SUNY SYRACUSE,HLTH SCI CTR,COLL MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP CASTELLO, JD (reprint author), SUNY SYRACUSE,COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,FAC ENVIRONM & FOREST BIOL,1 FORESTRY DR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1340 EP 1345 DI 10.1139/x95-146 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV273 UT WOS:A1995RV27300013 ER PT J AU PREECE, JE BATES, SA VANSAMBEEK, JW AF PREECE, JE BATES, SA VANSAMBEEK, JW TI GERMINATION OF CUT SEEDS AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF ASH (FRAXINUS SPP) IN-VITRO SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; WHITE ASH AB Nonstratified seeds of different genotypes of Fraxinus americana L. (white ash), Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), and Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. ssp. oxycarpa (narrowleaf ash, of Afghanistan origin) were surface disinfested, cut, and germinated in vitro on agar-solidified MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium containing sucrose and various plant growth regulators. Before placing in vitro, approximately one-third of the seed opposite the radicular end was excised and discarded, or the apical and basal 1 mm tips of the seed were aseptically excised. Within 1 week, viable seeds germinated. Cotyledons emerged, elongated, expanded, and turned green. After 2 weeks hypocotyls and radicles elongated. White and green ash genotypes germinated at different rates; generally >80% of seeds placed in vitro germinated. Genotype and the presence of thidiazuron in the medium had an effect on seedling development (hypocotyl and epicotyl elongation). Immature as well as nonstratified mature seeds germinated and grew. Epicotyls were excised, rooted, and established in the greenhouse. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP PREECE, JE (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1368 EP 1374 DI 10.1139/x95-149 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV273 UT WOS:A1995RV27300016 ER PT J AU CALDERONE, NW AF CALDERONE, NW TI TEMPORAL DIVISION-OF-LABOR IN THE HONEY-BEE, APIS-MELLIFERA - A DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS OR THE RESULT OF ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID AGE POLYETHISM; TASK SPECIALIZATION; PATTERN-FORMATION; ANT COLONIES; HIVE DUTIES; OF-LABOR; HYMENOPTERA; ALLOCATION; APIDAE; COMBS AB The association between the age of a worker honey bee (Apis mellifera) and her behavior is generally believed to be the result of an innate developmental process. An alternative model, called foraging for work, explains this association as being due to old and young workers being in functionally different parts of the nest as a result of their having been in the nest for different lengths of time. Previous studies also raise questions about the developmental-process model because they relied on sequential observations of workers from one age group, thereby confounding age and environmental effects, which also affect behavior. Environmental effects were controlled by making concurrent observations of workers from four age groups introduced to a colony at 6-day intervals. These groups behaved differently from one another, even though they were present in the same environment, thereby demonstrating age effects independent of environmental effects. The foraging-for-work model was evaluated by comparing workers from three age groups introduced to the colony on the same day. These groups also behaved differently, showing that the association between age and behavior is not simply an epiphenomenon resulting from old and young workers having been in the nest for different lengths of time. RP CALDERONE, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476 BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1410 EP 1416 DI 10.1139/z95-166 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TE204 UT WOS:A1995TE20400004 ER PT J AU YU, J RUSSELL, RM SALOMON, RN MURPHY, JC PALLEY, LS FOX, JG AF YU, J RUSSELL, RM SALOMON, RN MURPHY, JC PALLEY, LS FOX, JG TI EFFECT OF HELICOBACTER-MUSTELAE INFECTION ON FERRET GASTRIC EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; PYLORI INFECTION; ANIMAL-MODEL; PCNA CYCLIN; CANCER; ERADICATION; BIOMARKERS; CARCINOMA; ANTIBODY; RISK AB The effect of Helicobacter mustelae infection on gastric epithelial proliferation was studied in ferrets colonized with H.mustelae and specific pathogen-free (SPF) ferrets not infected with H.mustelae. Thirteen H.mustelae-infected ferrets between the ages of 13 and 32 months and 16 SPF ferrets between 6 and 18 months were analyzed, Bacterial cultures, urease tests and Warthin-Starry stains were used to identify H.mustelae. Tissues obtained from the antrum and the body regions of the stomach were assayed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and measured using a computerized color image analysis system, PCNA-expressing gastric epithelia in the antrum and the body regions were significantly increased in the H.mustelae-infected ferrets versus the SPF ferrets (P < 0.001). PCNA positivity in the antrum regions of both the H.mustelae-infected ferrets and SPF ferrets was significantly higher than that of the body regions (P < 0.001). Comparison of the histopathology of infected ferrets indicated that PCNA positivity correlated with the histological severity of gastritis, This study suggests that cell proliferation in ferret gastric mucosa increases with H.mustelae infection and provides evidence that PCNA is a useful biomarker for studying the changes in cell kinetics in the ferret stomach, The data also further support the use of the H.mustelae-infected ferret as an animal model for studying the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric diseases of humans. C1 MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MEYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA26731]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR010146, RR07036] NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD AUG PY 1995 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1927 EP 1931 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.8.1927 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RP924 UT WOS:A1995RP92400038 PM 7634423 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP AF FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP TI MASS-SPECTROMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR THE ANOMALOUS CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF 11-DEHYDROTHROMBOXANE B-2 SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE 11-DEHYDROTHROMBOXANE B-2; THROMBOXANE METABOLITE; CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR; ANOMALOUS DERIVATIZATIONS; ELECTRON IONIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY ID THROMBOXANE-A2 FORMATION; PROSTAGLANDIN AB When we subjected 11-dehydrothromboxane B-2 (11-DTXB(2)), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, to standard chemical derivatization procedures we obtained a mixture of several products. Separation of the components was carried out by gas chromatography and their identification was accomplished through the study of their mass spectra, which are presented here, Anomalous behaviors include methylation of allylic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups by diazomethane, unusually slow derivatization of one of the hydroxyl groups with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and etherification of another with ethanol. The underlying causes of these abnormal behaviors are not obvious, but appear to be related, at least in part, to the opening/closure of a lactone ring in the molecule. These observations have some bearing on the development of valid procedures for GC-MS quantification of this important marker of thromboxane A, synthesis in vivo, and of similar compounds. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BLDG 308,ROOM 122,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 77 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(95)02452-O PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RP150 UT WOS:A1995RP15000004 PM 7586090 ER PT J AU GISH, TJ SADEGHI, A WIENHOLD, BJ AF GISH, TJ SADEGHI, A WIENHOLD, BJ TI VOLATILIZATION OF ALACHLOR AND ATRAZINE AS INFLUENCED BY SURFACE LITTER SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOIL PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; TOXAPHENE; COTTON; CORN AB A basic knowledge of how herbicide volatilization is influenced by agronomic practices is necessary if long-term detrimental impacts from herbicides are to be minimized. We measured cumulative herbicide volatilization losses in glass agroecosystem chambers to assess how surface residue conditions, simulated rainfall, temperature, and herbicide formulation affect volatilization of atrazine and alachlor. Research results demonstrated that herbicide volatilization before water application was greater under mulched conditions, but decreased dramatically after the first irrigation. As a result, after 35 d cumulative volatilization of atrazine from a mulched soil surface was less than half that from bare soil for both formulations. Plant litter on the soil surface and encapsulated herbicides may be viable alternatives far reducing volatilization of some herbicides in humid regions. C1 USDA ARS,INST NAT RESOURCES,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP GISH, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST NAT RESOURCES,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 2971 EP 2982 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00157-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RQ406 UT WOS:A1995RQ40600001 ER PT J AU SOKOLL, LJ OBRIEN, ME CAMILO, ME SADOWSKI, JA AF SOKOLL, LJ OBRIEN, ME CAMILO, ME SADOWSKI, JA TI UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD TO DETERMINE VITAMIN-K STATUS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ANTICOAGULANTS; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; WARFARIN ID GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; BONE GLA-PROTEIN; URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION; CIRCULATING OSTEOCALCIN; ORAL ANTICOAGULANT; PLASMA OSTEOCALCIN; SERUM OSTEOCALCIN; ELDERLY WOMEN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODY AB We developed a RIA involving a polyclonal antibody against bovine osteocalcin, which has a carboxy-terminal epitope. Although the antibody recognizes both native and descarboxy osteocalcin, the two forms of osteocalcin were differentiated by adsorption to barium sulfate, taking advantage of the calcium-binding properties of the vitamin K-dependent gla domain. To test the clinical application of undercarboxylated osteocalcin, we examined the effect of minidose warfarin on this measure in nine healthy subjects, ages 60 to 80 years. The percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin increased by 170% +/- 36% (mean +/- SE) after 7 days of treatment with warfarin, 1 mg/day. The effectiveness of undercarboxylated osteocalcin as a sensitive measure of vitamin K nutritional status was further established when concentrations dropped to 17% +/- 14% below baseline with 2 days of repletion with vitamin K-1, 5 mg/day, during which prothrombin times did not leave the normal range. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP SOKOLL, LJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,DEPT PATHOL,DIV CLIN CHEM,600 N WOLFE ST,MEYER B-125,BALTIMORE,MD 21287, USA. NR 57 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1128 PN 1 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RP283 UT WOS:A1995RP28300008 PM 7628086 ER PT J AU NELSON, DR BUCKNER, JS AF NELSON, DR BUCKNER, JS TI THE SURFACE HYDROCARBONS OF LARVAL HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS; HELICOVERPA ZEA; LARVAE; HYDROCARBONS; CUTICULAR LIPIDS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY ID METHYL-BRANCHED ALCOHOLS; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LIPIDS; COCKROACH; FLIES; PUPAE AB Third instar larvae of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea could be distinguished based on the hydrocarbons of their surface lipids, Hydrocarbons were the major components of the surface lipids and a distinctive capillary gas chromatographic profile could be obtained from a hexane extract of the surface lipids of a single larva, Analysis of hexane extracts of the surface lipids by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CGC-MS) showed several obvious differences between the two species: (1) in their gas chromatographic profiles; (2) in the presence of a major alkene, hentriacontene, only in H, tea; (3) in H, virescens the CGC-MS peak with a KI of approximately 2860 was 2-methyloctacosane, but in H, zea it was a mixture of 4-methyloctacosane plus 9,13- and 8,12-dimethyloctacosanes; and (4) in the methyl branch positions of dimethyl-branched alkanes with carbon backbones of C-31, C-33, C-35, C-45, C-47, C-49, and C-51. The methyl branch points of H, virescens dimethylalkanes were separated by seven or nine methylenes, while in H, zea the methyl branch points of the dimethylalkanes were separated by three and sometimes five methylenes. RP NELSON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol B-Biochem. Molec. Biol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 111 IS 4 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(94)00240-U PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA RN896 UT WOS:A1995RN89600020 ER PT J AU PERINO, LJ RUPP, GP HOLLIS, LC SCHANBACHER, BD CUNDIFF, LV AF PERINO, LJ RUPP, GP HOLLIS, LC SCHANBACHER, BD CUNDIFF, LV TI GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF HEIFERS IMPLANTED WITH ESTRADIOL BENZOATE AND TRENBOLONE ACETATE SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article AB Growth rate is often reduced when heifers are ovariectomized; the use of a growth-promoting implant can overcome this effect. A study was undertaken to compare the growth rates and carcass characteristics of intact and ovariectomized heifers that had received implants that contained trenbolone acetate (TBA) and/or estradiol benzoate (EB) twice during a 130-day feeding period. Intact and ovariectomized heifers that received EB and TBA gained weight 21% faster than nonimplanted, ovariectomized controls and 17% faster than nonimplanted, intact heifers. Estradiol benzoate alone in ovariectomized heifers affected weight gain similarly to the combination of EB and TBA. Carcass data demonstrated no statistical differences among groups in dressing percentage, backfat thickness, or quality grade. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP PERINO, LJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,GREAT PLAINS VET EDUC CTR,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPENDIUM CONTINUING EDUC PRACTICING VETERINARIAN PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 17 IS 8 SU S BP S37 EP & PG 0 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RP490 UT WOS:A1995RP49000004 ER PT J AU BERRY, JS AF BERRY, JS TI THE ROLE OF COMPUTER-MODELS IN THE GRASSHOPPER INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT PROJECT SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE GRASSHOPPER; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS; SIMULATION MODELS ID RESIDUE-SOIL SYSTEM; RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS; SIMULATION-MODELS; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; INSECT PHENOLOGY; EXPERT SYSTEM; WATER MODEL; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE AB The Grasshopper Integrated Pest Management Project (GHIPM) is a $15 million project initiated in 1986 to identify, develop, and implement rangeland grasshopper management tactics within the framework of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the Western United States. Computer simulation has been used to fulfill many original objectives for GHIPM. For example, models have been developed and/or used to simulate grasshopper population dynamics, forage growth and destruction, and ranch economics. These models also have been used to structure and deliver knowledge to land managers who make decisions about grasshopper control. In addition, another group of computer simulation studies were developed to probe at basic mechanisms and understanding of rangeland grasshopper ecology. For example, an object-oriented simulation is being developed that can represent any number of unique grasshopper cohorts for specific species, life stages, and disease status. Soil temperature and moisture are also being simulated to support a grasshopper egg hatch model. All of these research models were designed for basic science with a focus on improving management of rangeland grasshoppers. RP BERRY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,APHIS,PPQ,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 13 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0168-1699(95)00010-2 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA RP194 UT WOS:A1995RP19400002 ER PT J AU REDDY, VR AF REDDY, VR TI MODELING ETHEPHON TEMPERATURE INTERACTIONS IN COTTON SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; GOSSYPIUM; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; ETHEPHON; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE ID YIELD AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growers are increasingly using growth regulators such as ethephon (2-chloroethyl-phosphonic acid) for crop management. Ethephon is widely used as crop terminator to facilitate early harvest. When applied on cotton, ethephon has been shown to have an effect on defoliation, bell opening, immature fruit abscission, and end-season growth. A process-level simulation model was developed using data collected under controlled-environment conditions over a range of temperatures and water regimes. Equations were developed for the physiological processes involved, i.e., rate of boil opening, immature fruit abscission, and defoliation. Stress parameters were also calculated to alter the growth of cotton after ethephon application. The ethephon model was tested and incorporated into the cotton management system GOSSYM/COMAX. The model simulations were compared with observed data over a range of climatic conditions. RP REDDY, VR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYST RES LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 008,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 13 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0168-1699(95)00012-S PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA RP194 UT WOS:A1995RP19400003 ER PT J AU REDDY, VR ACOCK, B WHISLER, FD AF REDDY, VR ACOCK, B WHISLER, FD TI CROP MANAGEMENT AND INPUT OPTIMIZATION WITH GLYCIM - DIFFERING CULTIVARS SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE SOYBEANS; SIMULATION MODELS; GLYCIM SOYBEAN SIMULATION MODEL ID COTTON AB The soybean simulation model GLYCIM is mechanistic and operates at the physical and physiological process level. The model is organized in modules along disciplinary lines using a generic modular structure. The model was initially validated with data sets collected at the Plant Science Farm at Mississippi State University and calibrated to the cultivar ''Forest''. In 1991 GLYCIM was released to soybean farmers and scientists at state experimental stations for crop management and input optimization. The soybean growers have claimed a 14-29% increase in yields and over a 400% increase in irrigation efficiency from using GLYCIM to manage irrigation. During the past two years, significant changes to GLYCIM have improved its predictions. Model improvements pertain to the effect of water stress on several physiological processes in the soybean plant and the method of accounting for numbers and weights of individual pods and seeds. In addition, cultivar parameter files have been developed for several cultivars. As a result of these changes, improved simulations have been obtained and grower usage of the model has been enhanced. The development of cultivar parameter files and the resulting simulations are discussed. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP REDDY, VR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYST RES LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 008,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0168-1699(95)00013-T PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA RP194 UT WOS:A1995RP19400004 ER PT J AU RALPH, CJ FANCY, SG AF RALPH, CJ FANCY, SG TI DEMOGRAPHY AND MOVEMENTS OF APAPANE AND IIWI IN HAWAII SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE APAPANE; IIWI; HIMATIONE SANGUINEA; VESTIARIA COCCINEA; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENTS; HAWAII AB Density, annual survival, philopatry, and movements of two species of Hawaiian honeycreepers, the Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and the Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea), were studied at four sites on the island of Hawaii. Highest densities of both species occurred during the breeding season and were highly correlated with flowering by Metrosideros. Annual survival probability (the complement of which includes permanent emigration) was 0.13 +/- 0.07 for hatching-year (HY) Apapane, 0.72 +/- 0.11 for adult Apapane, 0.09 +/- 0.05 for HY Iiwi, and 0.55 +/- 0.12 for adult Iiwi. Survival of adult Iiwi was the lowest of six species of native Hawaiian forest birds and may be related to their high susceptibility to avian disease. Small resident populations of both species remained on our study sites throughout the year, but 78% of 1,361 Apapane and 82% of 891 Iiwi were never captured or seen after their initial capture. Widespread movements of Apapane and Iiwi in response to the seasonal and patchy availability of Metrosideros nectar have important implications for disease transmission since Apapane are the primary carrier of avian malaria and avian pox in Hawaii, and Iiwi appear to be highly susceptible to mortality from malaria. C1 NATL BIOL SERV,HAWAII FIELD STN,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. RP RALPH, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 1995 VL 97 IS 3 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.2307/1369181 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA RT275 UT WOS:A1995RT27500010 ER PT J AU LINZ, GM MENDOZA, LA BERGMAN, DL BLEIER, WJ AF LINZ, GM MENDOZA, LA BERGMAN, DL BLEIER, WJ TI PREFERENCES OF 3 BLACKBIRD SPECIES FOR SUNFLOWER MEATS, CRACKED CORN AND BROWN RICE SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS; BAIT PREFERENCE; BLACKBIRDS; COMMON GRACKLE; NORTH DAKOTA; QUISCALUS QUISCULA; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS; YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS AB We offered sunflower meats, cracked corn acid brown rice to individuals and small groups (n = 4-5) Of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) to determine their food preference. Common grackles (sexes combined) preferred cracked corn over sunflower meats and brown rice. Male and female yellow-headed blackbirds preferred brown rice or a combination of brown rice and cracked corn or sunflower meats. Female red-winged blackbirds chose brown rice; whereas, male red-winged blackbirds did not show a consistent food preference. Either brown rice or a brown rice and cracked corn combination should be used to bait blackbirds. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP LINZ, GM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,STEVENS HALL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00031-G PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR200 UT WOS:A1995RR20000006 ER PT J AU DOLBEER, RA WORONECKI, PP SEAMANS, TW AF DOLBEER, RA WORONECKI, PP SEAMANS, TW TI RANKING AND EVALUATION OF FIELD CORN HYBRIDS FOR RESISTANCE TO BLACKBIRD DAMAGE SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CORN; ZEA MAYS; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS; RESISTANCE ID AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS DAMAGE; SWEET CORN; MAIZE; BIRDS AB We measured husk characteristics for a sample of ears from each of 229 hybrids grown in a performance test in Ohio in 1987 and ranked these hybrids for potential resistance to bird damage. Hybrids predicted to be resistant (i.e. with heavier husks) tended to mature later and have lower yields in the 1987 performance test than did the lighter-husked hybrids. We selected three hybrids from the 10 predicted to be most resistant, three from the 10 predicted to be least resistant and two intermediate hybrids to be evaluated in a free-choice aviary test with red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) in 1988. The three resistant hybrids averaged 2.5% corn loss, significantly (P < 0.01) less than the 26.1% loss for the three susceptible hybrids. The two intermediate hybrids had intermediate damage levels. In a 1989 field evaluation in New York, damage was substantial in all hybrids although the three predicted-resistant hybrids still averaged significantly (P < 0.05) less loss (20.5 bu/ac) than did the predicted-susceptible hybrids (27.4 bu/ac). Final yield was not significantly different between the two hybrid groups. The ranking system accurately predicted resistance but additional evaluation is recommended regarding within-hybrid variation in husk characteristics among planting sites and years. RP DOLBEER, RA (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,OHIO FIELD STN,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)00017-3 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR200 UT WOS:A1995RR20000010 ER PT J AU LATHEEF, MA AF LATHEEF, MA TI INFLUENCE OF SPRAY MIXTURE RATE AND NOZZLE SIZE OF SPRAYERS ON TOXICITY OF PROFENOFOS AND THIODICARB FORMULATIONS AGAINST TOBACCO BUDWORM ON COTTON SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE TOBACCO BUDWORM; HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS; MICROENCAPSULATION; PROFENOFOS; THIODICARB AB The toxicity of an encapsulated organophosphate, profenofos CS (CS = capsule suspension) was compared with an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and a flowable carbamate, thiodicarb against tobacco budworm (TBW), Heliothis virescens (F.) eggs and neonate larvae on cotton using 650033 and 8002E Bat fan nozzles in a spray table at 0.28 and 0.56 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1). The 650033 and 8002E nozzles delivered spray solutions of 10.5 and 21.3 litre ha(-1) with spray droplets averaging D-v0.5, mu m = 246 and 325, respectively. Regardless of formulations, the 8002E nozzle provided consistently greater mortality of H. virescens eggs and larvae than did the 650033 nozzle. Regardless of formulations, the lower a.i. (0.28 kg ha(-1)) rate produced egg mortality comparable to higher a.i. rate (0.56 kg ha(-1)). Contact toxicity of profenofos CS to H. virescens eggs was significantly higher than profenofos EC and thiodicarb. Residual toxicity of profenofos CS to TBW eggs was comparable to profenofos EC but residual toxicity of thiodicarb was significantly greater than profenofos EC and profenofos CS. Data indicate that encapsulated profenofos significantly increased efficacy against TBW eggs and neonate larvae but ovo-larvicidal activity of thiodicarb was significantly greater than profenofos CS and profenofos EC. RP LATHEEF, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00025-H PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RR200 UT WOS:A1995RR20000014 ER PT J AU POOLER, MR HARTUNG, JS AF POOLER, MR HARTUNG, JS TI GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG STRAINS OF XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA FROM RAPD-PCR DATA SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLUM LEAF SCALD; INHABITING BACTERIA; PIERCES DISEASE; AXENIC CULTURE; SCORCH DISEASE; PHONY DISEASE; CAUSAL AGENT; PATHOGENICITY; ASSOCIATION; PEACH AB Genetic relationships among 11 Xylella fastidiosa strains isolated from mulberry, almond, ragweed, grape, plum, elm, and citrus were determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Twenty-two 10-base primers amplified a total of 77 discrete polymorphic bands. Phenetic analysis based on a similarity matrix corresponded well with previous reports on X. fastidiosa RFLP-based similarity relationships, indicating that RAPD-PCR amplification products can be used as a reliable indicator of genetic distance in X. fastidiosa. Cladistic analysis suggests the existence of five groups of X. fastidiosa: the citrus group, the plum-elm group, the grape-ragweed group, the almond group, and the mulberry group. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1007/BF00294290 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RD862 UT WOS:A1995RD86200013 PM 7606188 ER PT J AU HANSEN, AJ GARMAN, SL WEIGAND, JF URBAN, DL MCCOMB, WC RAPHAEL, MG AF HANSEN, AJ GARMAN, SL WEIGAND, JF URBAN, DL MCCOMB, WC RAPHAEL, MG TI ALTERNATIVE SILVICULTURAL REGIMES IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST - SIMULATIONS OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC-EFFECTS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; FOREST ECONOMICS; NATURAL FORESTS; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; SILVICULTURE; SIMULATION MODELS; TRADE-OFF ANALYSES; WOOD PRODUCTION ID FORESTS; OREGON; AGE AB New silvicultural strategies to sustain both ecological and human communities are being developed and implemented on federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) United States. Two important stand-level components of the new silviculture regimes are rotation age and retention level of live trees in harvest units. Ecologists have suggested that canopy tree retention and longer rotations will create patterns of stand structure in managed forest that are similar to those in natural forests, and promote long-term ecological productivity and biodiversity. Forest economists, however, are concerned that canopy tree retention and long rotations may reduce wood production, although the high value of large logs produced by these new silvicultural regimes may compensate for reduced growth rates. We used the forest model ZELIG to perform a factorial simulation experiment on long-term responses of ecological and economic variables to nine retention levels and four rotation lengths. ZELIG output on forest structure and composition was input to a forest economics model that calculated net value of wood products in 1989 dollars. The simulated stand data were also linked with regression equations to predict the densities of 17 bird species as a function of tree size class distribution. Five replicates of each treatment were run for the 240-yr simulation period. Results indicated that stand structure under each of the canopy tree retention levels was more similar to the pre-treatment natural forest than following clear-cutting. Variation in tree size under intermediate levels of retention, however, did not reach the level of the natural forest during the simulation period. Tree species composition was strongly related to retention level and rotation age. Shade-intolerant Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) lost dominance to shade-tolerant species under intermediate retention levels and longer rotations. Wood production decreased significantly with increasing retention level and rotation age, with a notable threshold between retention levels of 0 and 5 trees per hectare. Net wood products value did not decrease as rapidly with retention level, and did not differ much among rotation ages, because of the high value of large logs. Bird species responded individualistically to retention level and rotation age. Some had peak densities under short-rotation clear-cutting, but most were associated with structurally complex, closed-canopy forest. Consequently, bird species richness increased significantly with retention level and rotation age. Within the assumptions and limitations of our models, this application provided knowledge on trends and thresholds that can help land managers to choose silvicultural regimes that best balance their management objectives. We concluded that retention level and rotation age strongly influence ecological and economic responses in PNW forests; efforts are needed to reduce uncertainty about these effects. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. RP HANSEN, AJ (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 59 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 535 EP 554 DI 10.2307/1941965 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RM902 UT WOS:A1995RM90200001 ER PT J AU HANSEN, AJ MCCOMB, WC VEGA, R RAPHAEL, MG HUNTER, M AF HANSEN, AJ MCCOMB, WC VEGA, R RAPHAEL, MG HUNTER, M TI BIRD HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS IN NATURAL AND MANAGED FORESTS IN THE WEST CASCADES OF OREGON SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIODIVERSITY; BIRDS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; ECOLOGICAL FORESTRY; FOREST MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; NONLINEAR REGRESSION; PACIFIC NORTHWEST ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BREEDING BIRDS; LANDSCAPES AB Ecologists have advocated retaining various densities of canopy trees in harvest units in Pacific Northwest forests, In contrast to clear-cutting, this practice may better emulate the patterns of disturbance and structural complexity typical of natural forests in the region. Several ecological attributes, including vertebrate habitat diversity, are thought to be associated with stands of complex structure. The goal of this study was to determine bird abundance in canopy retention sites relative to other common stand types in the Pacific Northwest and to develop habitat functions for extrapolating bird abundance across current and future landscapes. We used data from five previous studies in the west central Cascades of Oregon to compare bird abundance and to develop habitat functions for forest birds across a wide range of natural and managed stand structures and ages. The 67 stands included clearcuts, retention sites, young closed-canopy plantations, mature stands, and old-growth stands. ANOVA revealed that 18 of the 23 species included in the analysis differed significantly in abundance among the stand types, with some species being primarily associated with each of the stand types. The habitat variables used to build habitat functions included tree density by size class, mean tree diameter, and variation in tree diameter. Linear, polynomial, and various nonlinear regression models were evaluated for each bird species. Significant habitat functions were generated for 17 of the 23 bird species. The analyses identified four habitat-use guilds among the 17 bird species: open-canopy; open-canopy with dispersed large trees, structurally complex closed-canopy; and structurally simple closed-canopy guilds. This study is the first in the Pacific Northwest to compare bird abundances across natural stands, traditionally managed plantations, and stands managed under ecological forestry approaches, The results suggested that canopy tree retention benefits many, but not all, of the bird species we studied, Moreover, the nonlinear responses of bird abundance revealed thresholds in tree density at which bird abundance changed dramatically. Knowledge of these thresholds allow managers to design stands for specific biodiversity objectives. The habitat functions presented here can be used to predict bird abundance based on habitat measurements derived from field data, remotely sensed data, or output from computer models of forest dynamics. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. US FOREST SERV,BLUE RIVER RANGER DIST,BLUE RIVER,OR 97413. RP HANSEN, AJ (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 43 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 555 EP 569 DI 10.2307/1941966 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RM902 UT WOS:A1995RM90200002 ER PT J AU WURTZ, TL AF WURTZ, TL TI DOMESTIC GEESE - BIOLOGICAL WEED-CONTROL IN AN AGRICULTURAL SETTING SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL WEED CONTROL; DOMESTIC GEESE; HEXAZINONE; PICEA GLAUCA ID SELECTION; GROWTH AB Vertebrate herbivores can be effective agents of biological weed control in certain applications. I compared the use of domestic geese for weed control in an agricultural field with the herbicide hexazinone and with hand control. Newly planted spruce seedlings acted as a prototype crop that would be unpalatable to the geese. Trampling by geese led to as much as 47% tree seedling mortality during the 1st yr; this was reduced significantly by either limiting the amount of time the geese spent in the plots or surrounding seedlings with small wire fences. When compared with plots with no weed control, weed control by geese improved the diameter growth of the surviving seedlings by over 100% during the 1st yr of the study, but had no effect in the 2nd yr. The geese controlled a variety of weed species, but were most effective against quackgrass (Agropyron repens). However, grazing effectively selected for unpalatable weed species (including pineapple weed, Matricaria matricarioides, prostrate knotweed, Polygonum aviculare, and wild chamomile, Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum) so that by the end of the 2nd yr plots weeded only by geese had 25 times as much cover of unpalatable species as plots with no weed control. In contrast, the herbicide was ineffective against grass and effective against the unpalatable weed species. A successful integrated weed management strategy would thus require combining geese with another method of weed control, and would include measures to prevent crop trampling. RP WURTZ, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,308 TANANA DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 570 EP 578 DI 10.2307/1941967 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RM902 UT WOS:A1995RM90200003 ER PT J AU CAREY, AB AF CAREY, AB TI SCIURIDS IN PACIFIC-NORTHWEST MANAGED AND OLD-GROWTH FORESTS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; FOREST ECOLOGY; GLAUCOMYS; MANAGED FOREST; OLD GROWTH; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; SQUIRRELS; SNAGS; STRIX OCCIDENTALIS; TAMIAS; TAMIASCIURUS ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL; MAMMAL POPULATION-SIZE; WESTERN OREGON; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD; DENSITY; TAMIASCIURUS; 2ND-GROWTH AB An understanding of the factors governing sciurid abundance in the Pacific Northwest is essential for prescribing forest management practices for second-growth forests where recovery of Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) populations and enhancement of biodiversity are objectives. We compared results of companion studies of sciurids in western Washington and Oregon and examined patterns of abundance in relation to habitat elements on the Olympic Peninsula to elucidate governing factors and make recommendations for forest management. Regional contrasts show that Glaucomys sabrinus and Tamias townsendii in Douglas-fir forests in Oregon are 4 times more abundant than in western hemlock forests in Washington, and dietaries of Glaucomys, and the fungal communities that provide its food, are more diverse in Oregon than in Washington. Glaucomys sabrinus in old forests are 2 times more abundant than in young, managed forests without old-forest legacies (large live trees, large snags and large, decaying fallen trees); populations in young forests with old-forest legacies and with understory development may equal those in old growth. On the Olympic Peninsula, Glaucomys sakrinus abundance can be predicted by density of large snags and abundance of ericaceous shrubs. At least seven large snags/ha and well-distributed patches of dense shrubs (cover within patches >24% and patches covering 40% of the total area) are necessary for high densities of Glaucomys sabrinus. Abundance of Tamias townsendii reflects size of dominant tree and well-developed understories. Abundance of Tamiasciurus douglasii seems to reflect territoriality in concordance with food supply and was greatest where Glaucomys and Tamias were low in abundance. Patterns of abundance of the sciurids in old- and managed forests suggests that silvicultural manipulation of vegetation and creative snag or den-tree management could be used in a management strategy to accelerate the development of Spotted Owl habitat in areas where old growth is lacking. RP US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, OLYMPIA, WA 98512 USA. NR 56 TC 109 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 648 EP 661 DI 10.2307/1941974 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RM902 UT WOS:A1995RM90200010 ER PT J AU HAIGHT, RG AF HAIGHT, RG TI COMPARING EXTINCTION RISK AND ECONOMIC COST IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PLANNING SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE COST OF HABITAT PRESERVATION; DECISION MODEL; ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY; EXTINCTION RISK; FOREST-DEPENDENT WILDLIFE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; HABITAT CONSERVATION PLANNING; OPTIMAL HARVESTING; POPULATION MODELS; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; RISK AND UNCERTAINTY; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION MODEL ID ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH RISKS; POPULATION VIABILITY; OPTIMIZATION; DYNAMICS; STANDS AB Planning regulations pursuant to the National Forest Management Act of 1976 require the USDA Forest Service to produce cost-effective, multiple-use forest plans that ensure the viability of native wildlife populations within the planning area. In accordance with these regulations, this paper presents a method for determining cost-effective conservation plans for sensitive wildlife species. The method is a decision framework for determining what forest areas should be managed as habitat to meet a population viability constraint and what areas should be used for timber production to maximize the present value of revenue from timber yields. The viability constraint is a minimum probability of meeting a standard for the risk of population extinction. This viability constraint focuses regulatory decisions on two key parameters: the standard for extinction risk and the probability of attaining the standard. The decision model is used to estimate the economic costs of these parameters. Examples for single- and multi-patch conservation problems show that the cost of habitat preservation increases as the standard for extinction risk becomes more stringent and as the required probability of attainment increases. Results from the decision model are useful for evaluating research and monitoring activities and determining the economically efficient risk standard. RP HAIGHT, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.2307/1941984 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RM902 UT WOS:A1995RM90200020 ER PT J AU SMITH, RE AF SMITH, RE TI OPUS SIMULATION OF A WHEAT SUGAR-BEET PLOT NEAR NEUENKIRCHEN, GERMANY SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Validity of Agroecosystem Models CY MAY 12-14, 1993 CL BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Braunschweig, Res Ctr DE GROWTH; PLANT; NITROGEN; PESTICIDES; WATER DYNAMICS ID SOILS AB The model Opus was used to simulate five years of soil water and crop growth data for a loam soil site. Simulations for water flow match the general trends, but there is some difference in the values. The results for crop growth were relatively good. Nitrogen was not simulated very well, but there are reasons to suspect the measured data. Pesticide dissipation was simulated with reasonable accuracy. RP SMITH, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,AERC,FOOTHILL CAMPUS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)00165-E PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RK674 UT WOS:A1995RK67400010 ER PT J AU WISE, T KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC AF WISE, T KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC TI OBESITY AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE RELATIONSHIPS IN LEAN, OBESE, AND MEAT-TYPE CROSSBRED BOARS - RESPONSES TO PORCINE GROWTH-HORMONE SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEYDIG-CELL STEROIDOGENESIS; FACTOR-I; ZUCKER RATS; NORMAL MICE; NORMAL MEN; INSULIN; PROTEIN; SERUM; METABOLISM; ENZYMES AB As so many variables can affect obesity (age, genetics, health status), new directions, other than reducing or altering diet, are being pursued in controlling obesity in our society. Both dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and GH have reported antiobesity effects; thus, the possible interaction of these hormones was investigated in genetically lean, obese, and meat-type cross-bred male pigs (boars) administered implants that released 0, 2, or 4 mg/day recombinant porcine GH (pGH) for 42 days. Subcutaneous fat was determined by measurement of back fat depth at 2-week intervals, and blood samples were obtained 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days post-implant. The weight of perinephrenic fat, an index of abdominal fat, was obtained at death. The obese line had higher DHEA/DHEA sulfate (DHEA-SO4) serum concentrations than the lean and cross-bred boars. Treatment with pGH reduced sc and perinephrenic fat in all lines at both doses (P < 0.01). There was no relationship between day 42 concentrations of DHEA/ DHEA-SO4 and indexes of obesity. Concentrations of DHEIVDHEA-SO4 were decreased by pGH treatment (P < 0.01) by days 7-14 in all genetic lines. Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I, insulinlike growth factor II, and insulin were increased with pGH treatment in all lines (P < 0.01). The a priori hypothesis that increases in these peptides would stimulate gonadal steroidal synthesis (as demonstrated in vitro) and result in elevated DHEA/DHEA-SO4 concentrations and reduced obesity was not supported by pGH-induced decreases in DHEA/DHEA-SO4. Insulin concentrations were elevated 7-14 days postimplant in all lines (P < 0.01), then declined in the later stages of the trial. Insulin concentrations and DHEAIDHEA-SO4 concentrations were inversely related (r = -0.59; P < 0.05); this may indicate that with elevated insulin levels, DHEA/DHEA-SO4 is decreased and has a limited opportunity to affect obesity. Although the administration of DHEA may reduce obesity, the lipolytic action of PGH does not appear to be through increased circulating concentrations of DHEA/DKEA-SO4. C1 MONSANTO AGR CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 1995 VL 136 IS 8 BP 3310 EP 3317 DI 10.1210/en.136.8.3310 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RL632 UT WOS:A1995RL63200019 PM 7628365 ER PT J AU SMITH, L WEAVER, DK ARBOGAST, RT AF SMITH, L WEAVER, DK ARBOGAST, RT TI SUITABILITY OF THE MAIZE WEEVIL AND ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH AS HOSTS FOR THE PARASITOIDS ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE AND PTEROMALUS-CEREALELLAE SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE HOST SUITABILITY; HOST ACCEPTANCE; HOST-PARASITOID; HOST SWITCHING; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MAIZE ID SEX-RATIO; BODY SIZE; HYMENOPTERA; CORN; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; EXPERIENCE; LARVAE; WASPS; HYM AB Two parasitoids, Pteromalus cerealellae (Ashmead) and Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), were compared for their ability to parasitize two important internally-developing insect pests of stored maize (Zea mays L.). Parasitism by P. cerealellae was greater on Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), than on maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, in no-choice experiments. Anisopteromalus calandrae parasitized more maize weevils than did P. cerealellae. The former parasitoid parasitized only a few Angoumois grain moths successfully in maize, but parasitized many in wheat if the hosts were younger than 3 weeks old. Thus, both host age and type of grain affect suitability for parasitism. The effects of parental host (species on which the female developed) and experimental host (species exposed to parasitism) on parasitism rate of P. cerealellae were tested in a host-switching experiment. Parasitism by parasitoids reared on maize weevils was 23% lower than that of parasitoids reared on Angoumois grain moth. This effect was independent of which host the filial generation of parasitoids was tested on. However, the experimental host species had a much greater effect on parasitoid fecundity than the parental host species. Female progeny had smaller body sizes when emerging from maize weevil than from Angoumois grain moth, which may explain the parental host effect on fecundity. There was also a slight intergenerational effect of host species on parasitoid body size. C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405. RP SMITH, L (reprint author), CIAT,APARTADO AEREO 6713,CALI,COLOMBIA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 76 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RM243 UT WOS:A1995RM24300007 ER PT J AU SHOWERS, WB WEISS, MJ DERRICK, ME HENDRIX, WH AF SHOWERS, WB WEISS, MJ DERRICK, ME HENDRIX, WH TI POTENTIAL MOVEMENT ON SURFACE AIR-FLOW OF A BIVOLTINE POPULATION OF EUROPEAN CORN-BORER (PYRALIDAE, LEPIDOPTERA) INTO A HISTORICALLY UNIVOLTINE HABITAT SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OSTRINIA NUBILALIS; VOLTINISM; SURFACE AIR-FLOW; DISPERSAL; INVADING POPULATIONS ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; PHENOLOGY; QUEBEC AB Larval collections of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), were made in and surrounding a seed corn nursery at Johnstown, ND, a year before and each of 3 yr during a test for hybrid resistance to this insect. Johnstown is in an area known to maintain a univoltine population of O. nubilalis. The 30,000 inbred corn plants tested for resistance, however, were infested each year with a bivoltine population of O. nubilalis. Each sample site collection was maintained as a separate population, and the 2nd laboratory-reared generation was tested for diapause frequency in growth chambers programmed to force most univoltine individuals to enter larval diapause and allow a minimum of 50% of bivoltine individuals to continue development. These results illustrate that bivoltine populations dispersed at least 32 km/yr. The results indicate further that light southerly or easterly surface winds (under 8 km/h) were the essential transport mechanisms for this dispersal. It is probable that bivoltine O. nubilalis have been invading the historically univoltine areas of northwestern Minnesota, North Dakota, and the Canadian prairie provinces from the south for years. C1 USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,ANKENY,IA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,IOWA AGR & HOME ECON EXPT STN,AMES,IA 50011. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 835 EP 840 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RP244 UT WOS:A1995RP24400008 ER PT J AU LINGREN, PD RAULSTON, JR POPHAM, TW WOLF, WW LINGREN, PS ESQUIVEL, JF AF LINGREN, PD RAULSTON, JR POPHAM, TW WOLF, WW LINGREN, PS ESQUIVEL, JF TI FLIGHT BEHAVIOR OF CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) MOTHS UNDER LOW WIND-SPEED CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA ZEA; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; BOUNDARY LAYER ID PSEUDALETIA-SEPARATA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; MIGRATION; EMERGENCE; ARMYWORM; NIGHT; RADAR; SITE AB Studies were conducted to develop technologies to observe movement behavior, within range of visual observation (less than or equal to 100 m above ground level), of newly emerged Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) adults and to describe the flight behavior of moths from 6 age or previous activity categories. Moths were released and tracked using a 4-wheel all terrain vehicle, night vision equipment, and auxiliary infrared lighting. Movement, flight behavior, and weather parameters were recorded as moths moved from the take-off site. Observations at Lane, OK, during 1988 indicated that moths tracked on the night after emergence were observable longer than other moth categories. Moths released 1 and 2 nights after emergence were lost primarily because of altitude (>100 m above ground level). Shortly after take-off, moths exhibited spiral flight up to a mean altitude of approximate to 50 m, and female moths ascended at a sharper angle and faster than males. Subsequently, the angle and rate of ascent decreased and relatively straight, more oriented flight was assumed. Differences in means of observed moth and calculated moth velocity indicated moths were heading crosswise or even into the wind to counter drift (crabbing) during flight. The moths crabbed positively (mean = 81.8 +/- 18.4) to east-northeast winds on 1 night and negatively (mean = -134.2 +/- 19.1) to east-southeast winds on another night to obtain a preferred direction to the west. Plots of crab angles with respect to wind speeds suggest that orientation of the moths became increasingly upwind with increasing wind speed. Changes in crab angles with respect to wind speed indicated that there was less variation among crab angles as wind speed increased. RP LINGREN, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, AREA WIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT, SO PLAINS AREA, 2771 F&B RD, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 851 EP 860 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RP244 UT WOS:A1995RP24400011 ER PT J AU PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW THRONE, JE NORDHEIM, EV AF PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW THRONE, JE NORDHEIM, EV TI LIFE-HISTORY OF IMMATURE LYCTOCORIS-CAMPESTRIS (HEMIPTERA, ANTHOCORIDAE) - EFFECTS OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURES AND RELATIVE HUMIDITIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STORED PRODUCTS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MODELING; POPULATION DYNAMICS; LARGER PIRATE BUG; PREDATOR ID CORN AB Life history of immature Lyctocoris campestris (F.), a predator of stored-product insects, was investigated at 17, 21, 25, and 29 degrees C and approximate to 43, approximate to 58, and approximate to 75% RH in the laboratory. Most life history traits of L. campestris were influenced by temperature, but none of the traits was influenced by relative humidity. The egg incubation period was approximate to 7 d at 25-29 degrees C, but increased sharply at temperatures <25 degrees C. An equation was developed to predict egg incubation period over a range of temperatures. Egg hatch rate did not vary with temperatures nor with the relative humidities. The mean hatch rate ranged from 78 to 86% across different temperatures summed across 3 relative humidities. The instar-specific nymphal development also varied with temperature. The 2nd stadium was the shortest followed by the 3rd, 1st, and the 4th, and the 5th stadium was the longest across all 4 temperatures. However, the ratios of duration of nymphal stadia remained constant across all 4 temperatures tested. Total nymphal durations were 20.5, 27.6, 40.1, and 66.2 d at 29, 25, 21, and 17 degrees C, respectively; all 4 were significantly different from one another. The relationships between temperature and instar-specific nymphal durations and total nymphal durations were described by the same equation for both females and males; total nymphal durations did not vary with sex. Nymphal survival rates ranged from 0.60 to 1.00 and did not vary significantly with temperature or relative humidity. Sex ratio (proportion of males) of emerging adults ranged from 0.40 to 0.70, but did not differ from 1:1. These life history data are reported in a manner useful for developing a computer model for simulating L. campestris population dynamics. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA ARS, DEPT ENTOMOL, STORED PROD INSECTS RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 889 EP 897 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RP244 UT WOS:A1995RP24400016 ER PT J AU THRONE, JE BAKER, JE SCOTT, GE AF THRONE, JE BAKER, JE SCOTT, GE TI DEVELOPMENT OF MAIZE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON CORN LINES RESISTANT TO AN AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING FUNGUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS; AFLATOXIN; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE ID BOUND PHENOLIC-ACIDS AB Susceptibility to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, of corn Lines bred for their resistance to the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries was determined in the laboratory. Duration of maize weevil development, number of progeny produced, and an index of susceptibility varied with corn line; number of eggs laid and survivorship from egg to adult emergence did not vary with corn line. Soluble carbohydrate, kernel hardness, lipid, soluble nitrogen, free and bound phenolic acids, Kjeldahl protein, and protein/carbohydrate ratio varied with corn line; equilibrium moisture content did not vary with corn line. The only relationship between biological parameters of maize weevils and chemical and physical properties of the stored corn that was predictable was that maize weevil development time increased as lipid content of the corn increased. Susceptibility to A. flavus infection in the field was not correlated with susceptibility to maize weevil population growth or with chemical or physical properties of the stored corn. Predicted weevil population growth over a 180-d period varied 50-fold among the corn lines. Some of the corn lines that are less susceptible to infection by A. flavus in the field were also less susceptible to maize weevils (particularly Mp420 and SC54). C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 944 EP 949 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RP244 UT WOS:A1995RP24400022 ER PT J AU HIGHT, SD BLOSSEY, B LAING, J DECLERCKFLOATE, R AF HIGHT, SD BLOSSEY, B LAING, J DECLERCKFLOATE, R TI ESTABLISHMENT OF INSECT BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS FROM EUROPE AGAINST LYTHRUM-SALICARIA IN NORTH-AMERICA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GALERUCELLA; HYLOBIUS TRANSVERSOVITTATUS; LYTHRUM SALICARIA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE AB Three European biological control agents of the exotic, wetland, perennial plant purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., were released in North America in 1992 and 1993. Two leaf-feeding beetles, Galerucella calmariensis L. and G. pusilla Duftschmidt, from 2 climatically different source populations in Germany, were released in 10 different states and 6 Canadian provinces. The importance for establishment success of climatic preadaptation, number of individuals released, release of laboratory dr field-collected material, and confinement of release were investigated in a series of experimental releases. Both Galerucella species became established at all 1992 release sites regardless of their origin or release method. Higher survival in cages was found for releases of 600 beetles compared with releases of 200 beetles. The amount of litter, number of standing dead stems, or host-plant density did not affect establishment. A root-feeding weevil, Hylobius transversovittatus Goeze, was released in 9 states and 2 Canadian provinces, and established in the field in 6 states and both provinces. The 3 species successfully passed the most critical phase for establishment in North America; production of the generation following release. C1 USDA ARS, INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. CORNELL UNIV, DEPT NAT RESOURCES, NEW YORK COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. UNIV GUELPH, DEPT ENVIRONM BIOL, GUELPH, ON N1G 2W1, CANADA. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA, RES CTR, LETHBRIDGE, AB T1J 4B1, CANADA. NR 24 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 967 EP 977 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RP244 UT WOS:A1995RP24400025 ER PT J AU MCKENZIE, LM HAO, WM RICHARDS, GN WARD, DE AF MCKENZIE, LM HAO, WM RICHARDS, GN WARD, DE TI MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF AIR TOXINS FROM SMOLDERING COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; VOLATILE PRODUCTS; SMOKE EMISSIONS; WOOD SMOKE; METAL-IONS; PYROLYSIS; ACIDS; COLLECTION; POLYSACCHARIDES; CHEMISORPTION AB Oxygenated organic compounds in condensed (-45 degrees C) smoke of 29 bench-scale fires of ponderosa pine sapwood, needles, bark, litter, duff, and humus have been identified and quantified under three types of conditions (smoldering, self-sustained smoldering, and flaming). The analyses were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. The major condensible emissions were acetic acid, 2-furaldehyde, vinyl acetate, acetol, and methanol. The oxygenated organic emissions have been shown to be dependent primarily on fuel chemistry and secondarily on combustion efficiency. Molar ratios of individual compound emissions to CO emissions have been calculated, and exposure levels to these compounds for wildland firefighters have been estimated based on the ratios. Of the compounds measured, none was projected to exceed a toxic level, except for 2-furaldehyde and vinyl acetate, which are suspected carcinogens. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP MCKENZIE, LM (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,SHAFIZADEH CTR WOOD & CARBOHYDRATE CHEM,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. RI McKenzie, Lisa/D-4501-2014 NR 45 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 29 IS 8 BP 2047 EP 2054 DI 10.1021/es00008a025 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RL829 UT WOS:A1995RL82900047 PM 22191354 ER PT J AU KUREK, B KERSTEN, PJ AF KUREK, B KERSTEN, PJ TI PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION OF GLYOXAL OXIDASE FROM PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM BY PEROXIDASE SYSTEMS SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE; METHOXYBENZENES; LIGNIN ID LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; METHOXYBENZENES; ENZYME; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADABILITY; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION AB Glyoxal oxidase (GLOX) is an H2O2-producing enzyme secreted by ligninolytic cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The oxidase is reversibly inactivated during purification, but can be reactived when coupled to lignin peroxidase (LiP) with veratryl alcohol as the peroxidase substrate. To characterize the modulation of this extracellular oxidase activity, we studied effects of pH, peroxide concentration, peroxidase source (fungal vs plant), and peroxidase substrate with recombinant GLOX (rGLOX). Our results show that a peroxidase system is not required for rGLOX activity. However, the activity is transient and the enzyme is partly and reversibly inactivated by the produced peroxide. rGLOX activity is more sustained at pH 6 than pH 4.5, and therefore the activation at pH 4.5 by a coupled peroxidase system is more clearly demonstrable. Results with peroxidase substrates of widely varying redox potentials strongly suggest that oxidized intermediates produced by coupled peroxidases are the GLOX activators. Both LiP and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) may be used to fully activate rGLOX using methoxybenzenes as peroxidase substrates. Notably, rGLOX is activated when lignin itself is used in coupled reactions with Lip. In contrast, guaiacol and catechols are both inactivating and lignin degradation products are expected to have similar effects. Taken together, our results suggest that ligninolysis by peroxidase could be regulated by GLOX activity and influenced by the presence of veratryl alcohol, lignin, and lignin degradation products. Such coordinated metabolism would influence the kinetics of free radical generation by the Lips and, therefore, the overall efficiency of lignin depolymerization. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. INRA,CTR BIOTECHNOL AGROIND,CHIM BIOL LAB,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 17 IS 8 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00003-N PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RL524 UT WOS:A1995RL52400013 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, EL GADOWSKY, SL HUDDLE, JM CULLINAN, TR LEHRFELD, J GIBSON, RS AF FERGUSON, EL GADOWSKY, SL HUDDLE, JM CULLINAN, TR LEHRFELD, J GIBSON, RS TI AN INTERACTIVE 24-H RECALL TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSING THE ADEQUACY OF TRACE MINERAL INTAKES OF RURAL MALAWIAN WOMEN - ITS ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIET STUDY TECHNIQUES; MALAWI; MINERAL INTAKES; RURAL AFRICAN WOMEN; VARIANCE ID FOOD PORTION SIZES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ENERGY AB Objectives: To assess the relative validity of an interactive 24-h recall for estimating mineral intakes of rural Malawian women. Design: Repeated interactive 24-h recalls were compared with weighed records collected for the same 2 days of food intake, and for 2 days 1-2 weeks prior and subsequent to the weighed record data collection period. Setting: Three villages in traditional authority Jalasi, Mangochi District, Malawi. Subjects: 60 rural pregnant women. Results: Median daily intakes of most minerals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn) were comparable for the two methods, but slightly overestimated for recalled (R) intakes expressed per MJ (mg/MJ) compared to weighed (W) (R vs W = Ca, 48 vs 38; Fe, 2.1 vs 1.9; Zn, 0.9 vs O.8; Mn, 0.40 vs 0.38; P less than or equal to 0.05). By contrast, recalled median daily intakes of energy (kJ), protein (g) fat (g) and Cu (mg) were slightly underestimated (R vs W = 6588 vs 7824; 51 vs 57; 14 vs 15; 1.3 v s 1.6, respectively; P less than or equal to 0.05). Discrepancies were attributed primarily to inaccurate estimates of main meal food portions [R vs W = nsima (the main meal cereal style) 475 vs 557; and legume relish 171 vs 118 P less than or equal to 0.001]. For classifying intakes into tertiles, agreement between the two methods was poor for daily intakes (Cohen's kappa <0.40), but fair when expressed per MJ, and as a percentage of energy from food groups (Cohen's kappa greater than or equal to 0.40). Variance ratios for recall data were higher than corresponding ratios for the weighed intakes (R vs W = for energy, 4.87 vs 0.87), indicating poorer recall measurement precision. Conclusions: Results emphasise the importance of selecting the dietary method according to the study objectives, and the nutrients required. Sponsorship: Supported by Canadian International Development Agency and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Descriptors: diet study techniques, Malawi, mineral intakes, rural African women, variance. C1 UNIV GUELPH,DIV APPL HUMAN NUTR,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 49 IS 8 BP 565 EP 578 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RP631 UT WOS:A1995RP63100003 PM 7588507 ER PT J AU GROTHVASSELLI, B KUMOSINSKI, TF FARNSWORTH, PN AF GROTHVASSELLI, B KUMOSINSKI, TF FARNSWORTH, PN TI COMPUTER-GENERATED MODEL OF THE QUATERNARY STRUCTURE OF ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN IN THE LENS SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; B-CRYSTALLIN; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; AGGREGATION; EXPRESSION; GENES C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,DEPT PHYSIOL,NEWARK,NJ 07103. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 61 IS 2 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0014-4835(05)80044-2 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA RN554 UT WOS:A1995RN55400013 PM 7556488 ER EF