FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU vanTuinen, A Hanhart, CJ Kerckhoffs, LHJ Nagatani, A Boylan, MT Quail, PH Kendrick, RE Koornneef, M AF vanTuinen, A Hanhart, CJ Kerckhoffs, LHJ Nagatani, A Boylan, MT Quail, PH Kendrick, RE Koornneef, M TI Analysis of phytochrome-deficient yellow-green-2 and aurea mutants of tomato SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANTS; FAR-RED LIGHT; OAT PHYTOCHROME; DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BLUE-LIGHT; ARABIDOPSIS; RESPONSES; PROTEINS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Two alleles of the yellow-green-2 (yg-2) and eight different alleles of the aurea (au) locus of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were compared. All are characterized by a paler green colour compared with wild-type (WT), an elongated hypocotyl in red light, and low or below detection limits of spectrophotometrically active phytochrome. Hypocotyl length was variable in white light, ranging from that of WT to more elongated. Immunochemical analysis revealed that etiolated seedlings of the yg-2 mutant have approximately 25% of the WT level of phytochrome A protein (PHYA), whereas that of phytochrome B protein (PHYB) is normal. in this it resembles the av mutant. The au,yg-2 double mutant has a more extreme chlorophyll deficiency than either parent. Since the yg-2 and au mutants have a less severe phenotype at the adult stage, that is, are leaky, the additive effect can be explained by assuming that the mutants control two steps in the chromophore biosynthesis pathway. Combination, by crossing, of the yg-2 and ao mutants with a transgenic tomato line that overexpresses oat phytochrome A3 (PhyA-3) essentially failed to restore the WT phenotype under white fluorescent light conditions, although under greenhouse conditions some evidence for increased sensitivity to light was observed. Immunochemically, oat PHYA-3 protein is detectable in both the yg-2,PhyA-3 and au,PhyA-3 'double' mutants. Spectrophotometrical analysis, however, revealed that holophytochrome was undetectable in the yg-2PhyA-3 and au,PhyA-3 'double' mutants. These results are compatible with both mutants being disturbed in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT GENET,6703 HA WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT PLANT PHYSIOL,6703 BD WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RIKEN,INST PHYS & CHEM RES,FRONTIER RES PROGRAM,LAB PHOTOPERCEPT & SIGNAL TRANSDUCT,WAKO,SAITAMA 35101,JAPAN. USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Koornneef, Maarten/0000-0002-7759-4869 NR 59 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 9 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UC812 UT WOS:A1996UC81200005 ER PT J AU Bashir, M Hampton, RO AF Bashir, M Hampton, RO TI Detection and identification of seed-borne viruses from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) germplasm SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Seedlings from 182 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) pre-introductions/germplasm accessions from 12 countries were tested under greenhouse conditions for six seed-borne viruses. Twenty-one (13.3%) accessions from eight countries were found to be seed-infected with one of the three following viruses: blackeye cowpea mosaic (BlCMV) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (CABMV) potyviruses, and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV). Natural seed transmission incidence of 0-6.9%, 0-13.3%, and 0-2.0% were determined for BlCMV, CABMV and CMV respectively. Another set of 2930 cowpea germplasm accessions, mostly from Botswana and Senegal (Africa), were examined under field conditions for detection and identification of seed-borne viruses. Only CABMV was detected in this material. Most of the lines were free from other viruses reported in cowpea seed. Eight isolates of BlCMV and 28 isolates of CABMV were derived from cowpea pre-introductions/germplasm accessions evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,ARS,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Bashir, M (reprint author), NATL AGR RES CTR,PULSES PROGRAMME,PO NIH ISLAMABAD,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-97.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TW415 UT WOS:A1996TW41500006 ER PT J AU Miernyk, JA Hayman, GT AF Miernyk, JA Hayman, GT TI ATPase activity and molecular chaperone function of the Stress70 proteins SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; BINDING DOMAIN; HOMOLOG; DNAK; DISSOCIATION; HYDROLYSIS; MUTATIONS; FRAGMENT; AFFINITY; COGNATE AB The codons for the amino acid residues making up the proposed ATP-binding sites of the maize (Zea mays L.) endoplasmic reticulum and tomato (Lycopersicon escolentum) cytoplasmic Stress70 proteins were deleted from their respective cDNAs. The deletions had little effect on the predicted secondary structure characteristics of the encoded proteins. Both wild-type and mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The mutant recombinant proteins did not bind to immobilized ATP columns, had no detectable ATPase activity, and were unable to function in vitro as molecular chaperones. Additionally, the inability to bind ATP was associated with changes in the oligomerization state of the Stress7O proteins. RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 110 IS 2 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1104/pp.110.2.419 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TW208 UT WOS:A1996TW20800010 PM 8742329 ER PT J AU Chiou, TJ Bush, DR AF Chiou, TJ Bush, DR TI Molecular cloning, immunochemical localization to the vacuole, and expression in transgenic yeast and tobacco of a putative sugar transporter from sugar beet SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTON-SUCROSE SYMPORT; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITION; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEINS; PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION AB Several plant genes have been cloned that encode members of the sugar transporter subgroup of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. Here we report the cloning, expression, and membrane localization of one of these porters found in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). This clone, cDNA-1, codes for a protein with 490 amino acids and an estimated molecular mass of 54 kD. The predicted membrane topology and sequence homology suggest that cDNA-1 is a member of the sugar transporter family. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that this putative sugar transporter is expressed in all vegetative tissues and expression increases with development in leaves. DNA gel blot analysis indicated that multiple gene copies exist for this putative sugar transporter in the sugar beet genome. Antibodies directed against small peptides representing the N- and C-terminal domains of the cDNA1 protein identified a 40-kD polypeptide in microsomes isolated from cDNA-1-transformed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Moreover, the same protein was identified in sugar beet and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) membrane fractions. Detailed analysis of the transporter's distribution across linear sucrose gradients and flotation centrifugations showed that it co-migrates with tonoplast membrane markers. We conclude that this carrier is located on the tonoplast membrane and that it may mediate sugar partitioning between the vacuole and cytoplasmic compartments. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA,ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT, EDWARD R MADIGAN LABS 196, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT BIOL, EDWARD R MADIGAN LABS 196, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 58 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 110 IS 2 BP 511 EP 520 DI 10.1104/pp.110.2.511 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TW208 UT WOS:A1996TW20800021 PM 8742332 ER PT J AU Huang, JWW Pellet, DM Papernik, LA Kochian, LV AF Huang, JWW Pellet, DM Papernik, LA Kochian, LV TI Aluminum interactions with voltage-dependent calcium transport in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from roots of aluminum-sensitive and -resistant wheat cultivars SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; CELLS; CHANNEL; TOXICITY; APEX; TRANSLOCATION; TOLERANCE; PROTEINS; BINDING; FLUXES AB The role of Al interactions with root-cell plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ channels in Al toxicity and resistance was studied. The experimental approach involved the imposition of a transmembrane electrical potential (via K+ diffusion) in right-side-out PM vesicles derived from roots of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Al-sensitive Scout 66 and Al-resistant Atlas 66). We previously used this technique to characterize a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel in the wheat root PM (J.W. Huang, D.L. Grunes, L.V. Kochian [1994] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 3473-3477). We found that Al3+ effectively blocked this PM Ca2+ channel; however, Al3+ blocked this Ca2+ channel equally well in both the Al-sensitive and -resistant cultivars. It was found that the differential genotypic sensitivity of this Ca2+ transport system to Al in intact roots versus isolated PM vesicles was due to Al-induced malate exudation localized to the root apex in Al-resistant Atlas but not in Al-sensitive Scout. Because malate can effectively chelate Al3+ in the rhizosphere and exclude it from the root apex, the differential sensitivity of Ca2+ influx to Al in intact roots of Al-resistant Versus Al-sensitive wheat cultivars is probably due to the maintenance of lower Al3+ activities in the root apical rhizosphere of the resistant cultivar. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA,ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 42 TC 52 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 110 IS 2 BP 561 EP 569 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TW208 UT WOS:A1996TW20800027 ER PT J AU Henson, CA Livingston, DP AF Henson, CA Livingston, DP TI Purification and characterization of an oat fructan exohydrolase that preferentially hydrolyzes beta-2,6-fructans SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM; BARLEY; LEAVES; LOCALIZATION; PROTOPLASTS; VACUOLES AB Oat (Avena sativa cv Fulghum) fructan hydrolase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size-exclusion chromatography. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity as determined by the presence of a single band (43 kD) on a silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. A mixture of beta-2,6-linked fructan (neokestin) isolated from oat was used as the substrate to purify fructan hydrolase. Neokestin and small degree of polymerization fructan isomers were used to characterize the substrate specificity of the purified enzyme. The purified fructan hydrolase catalyzed hydrolysis of the terminal beta-2,6 linkage of 6(G),6-kestotetraose 3.5 times more rapidly than it hydrolyzed the terminal beta-2,6 linkage of 6(G)-kestotriose and approximately 10 times faster than it hydrolyzed the terminal beta-2,1 linkage of chicory inulin. Sucrose and 1-kestose were not substrates. The K-m for neokestin (beta-2,6-linked fructans with a degree of polymerization of 7-14) hydrolysis was 2.8% (w/v), and the V-max was 0.041 mu mol min(-1) mL(-1). The K-m for hydrolysis of 6(G),6-kestotetraose was 5.6% (w/v), and the V-max was 0.138 mu mol min(-1) mL(-1). Catalysis was exolytic acid by multiple chain attack. Hydrolysis of neokestin was maximal at pH 4.5 to 5.0. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Henson, CA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,AGR RES SERV,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 110 IS 2 BP 639 EP 644 DI 10.1104/pp.110.2.639 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TW208 UT WOS:A1996TW20800035 PM 8742337 ER PT J AU Miller, WR McDonald, RE AF Miller, WR McDonald, RE TI Postharvest quality of GA-treated Florida grapefruit after gamma irradiation with TBZ and storage SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus paradisi (Macf); quarantine treatment; postharvest; market quality ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY AB Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi (Macf.), harvested from gibberellic acid (GA) treated trees were irradiated at 0.3 or 0.6 kGy, and evaluated for quality after treatment and simulated commercial storage, The peel of GA-treated fruit retained green color and the fruit were firmer than control fruit after treatment, A condition, not observed before with grapefruit, was described and termed 'spongy fruit', which increased as irradiation dosage increased. The incidence of fruit peel pitting after five weeks' storage increased from <2% to 11% and 25% as irradiation dose increased from 0 to 0.3 and 0.6 kGy. The majority of pitting at 0.3 kGy was slight and would not have an affect on U.S. #1 Grade for grapefruit. Incidence of decay (mostly green mold) was reduced with thiabendazole (TBZ), and mean decay among all treatments was <1%. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity and the resulting ratio was not affected by GA or irradiation. There was a general decline in the sensory preference for juice flavor, and pulp flavor and texture as irradiation dose increased. We conclude that GA-treated grapefruit will tolerate irradiation dosage of 0.3 kGy without serious damage; however, at dosage of 0.6 kGy, serious peel damage detrimental to fruit quality will likely develop during storage. RP Miller, WR (reprint author), ARS,US HORT RES LAB,USDA,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0925-5214(95)00038-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TW865 UT WOS:A1996TW86500005 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS Pond, KR AF Burns, JC Fisher, DS Pond, KR TI Quality of eastern gamagrass compared with switchgrass and flaccidgrass when preserved as hay SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern gamagrass; C-4 grasses; intake; digestibility; N retention ID DRY-MATTER; DIGESTIBILITY; EFFICIENCY AB Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] (GG) hays were harvested May 23 when vegetative (GG-V) and 28 days later (June) when reproductive culms were developing (GG-R) and were compared. The GG-V hay was further compared with a vegetative switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) (SG) hay harvested May 29. The GG-R hay was also compared with a late-early-boot flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.) (FG) hay harvested on the same day. Forages were direct-cut with a flail chopper, artificially dried (24 h) in a forced-air bulk dryer (82 degrees C), baled after drying, stored, and without further processing fed to Suffolk wethers (Ovis aries) in a 4 x 4 latin square design. The GG-V and GG-R hays had similar apparent dry matter digestion coefficients averaging 0.64 and were also similar to SG and FG averaging 0.64 and 0.61, respectively. All hays had similar concentrations of crude protein (100 g kg(-1)), neutral detergent fiber (715 g kg(-1)), acid detergent fiber (373 g kg(-1)), hemicellulose (342 g kg(-1)), cellulose (305 g kg(-1)) and acid detergent lignin (58 g kg(-1)). Dry matter intake (kg/100 kg body weight) was similar for GG-V (2.42) and GG-R (2.19) and for GG-V and SG (2.27), but wethers fed GG-R had higher intake compared with FG (1.27). Nitrogen (N) retention, as a percent of total N intake, was higher for wethers fed GG (23% for GG-V and 33% for GG-R) than for;either SG (15%) or FG (14%). Differences in N retention were reflected in N excreted in the urine. Eastern GG shows potential as a useful perennial C-4 grass for ruminant production systems. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA,1119 WILLIAMS HALL,POB 7620,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1016/0925-5214(95)00039-9 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TW865 UT WOS:A1996TW86500006 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Danforth, HD Levander, OA AF Allen, PC Danforth, HD Levander, OA TI Diets high in n-3 fatty acids reduce cecal lesion scores in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coccidiosis; oxidative stress; cecal lesion reduction; fish oil; flax seed ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI INFECTION; VITAMIN-E; MENHADEN OIL; PERFORMANCE; IMMUNITY; PROTECTS; MALARIA; LIPIDS AB Four experiments were run in which diets incorporating various levels of n-3 fatty acids (n-3FA) from fish (menhaden) oil or flax seed were tested for their abilities to reduce the severity of Eimeria tenella infections in young broiler chicks. The diets were fed from 1 d of age through 3 wk of age. Chickens were infected at 2 wk of age. Diets consisting of broiler starter ration supplemented with 2.5 to 10% fish oil, 10% flax seed oil, or 10% linseed oil significantly decreased cecal lesions and maintained weight gains as compared to unsupplemented diets. Light micrographs of ceca from chickens that consumed high n-3FA diets showed reduced parasite invasion and development. Short-term feeding of diets high in n-3FA to young chicks may be a practical method for reducing production losses from cecal coccidiosis. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 75 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TY084 UT WOS:A1996TY08400005 PM 8833367 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Buhr, RJ Cox, NA Berrang, ME AF Bailey, JS Buhr, RJ Cox, NA Berrang, ME TI Effect of hatching cabinet sanitation treatments on Salmonella cross-contamination and hatchability of broiler eggs SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hatchery sanitization; hydrogen peroxide; ozone; ultraviolet light; Salmonella ID FORMALDEHYDE; HATCHERIES; CHICKEN; OZONE AB Four trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of hatcher air sanitation utilizing ultraviolet light (UV), ozone, or hydrogen peroxide on bacterial populations, the spread of Salmonella, and hatchability of broiler eggs. The UV light (254 nm, 146 mu W/s) and ozone (0.2 or 0.4 ppm) treatments were continuously applied through the last 3 d of hatch, the hydrogen peroxide treatment (2.5%) was administered 1 or 2 min of each 10 min at rates of 500 or 100 mL/h. Hatchability was not significantly reduced by sanitizing treatments when compared with the untreated control (94 vs 95.6%). As compared to controls, all sanitizing treatments reduced 75 to 99% of the total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella in the hatching cabinet air samples. The use of hydrogen peroxide resulted in greater reduction of bacteria than ozone or UV light. Only hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced Salmonella levels on eggshell fragments. Significant reductions in the number of Salmonella-positive chicks occurred using the ozone and hydrogen peroxide treatments. Hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced the magnitude of Salmonella colonization in chicken ceca. These trials demonstrated that the spread of bacteria can be effectively reduced in the hatching cabinet by air sanitization using UV light, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide. The potential to reduce bacterial cross-contamination in the hatcher is achievable without depressing hatchability. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AVIAN MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Bailey, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 75 IS 2 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TY084 UT WOS:A1996TY08400007 PM 8833369 ER PT J AU Russell, SM Fletcher, DL Cox, NA AF Russell, SM Fletcher, DL Cox, NA TI The effect of temperature mishandling at various times during storage on detection of temperature abuse of fresh broiler chicken carcasses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE temperature abuse; mesophilic bacteria; coliform bacteria; broiler ID COLIFORMS AB Experiments were conducted to determine the effect that temperature mishandling at various times during storage has on detection of temperature abuse of fresh broiler chicken carcasses using populations of mesophilic and coliform bacteria as indicators of abuse. Forty-five broiler carcasses were used in each of three independent trials. Five carcasses were analyzed at day of collection (Treatment 0 control). Five carcasses, on each day of the next 7 d (Treatments 1 to 7) were temperature-abused for 12 h at 25 C, stored at 3 C until Day 9, and then sampled. The five remaining carcasses were stored at 3 C and sampled on Day 9 (Treatment 8 control). Carcasses were sampled using a whole carcass rinse procedure and assayed for aerobic plate counts (APC), total coliform counts (TCC), impedance detection times (DT), and impedance coliform detection times (DTCM). Although significant differences were noted using all four microbiological methods, temperature abuse at different times during storage had no consistent effect on populations of mesophilic or coliform bacteria; therefore, temperature abuse determinations may be conducted without regard to the day on which the carcasses were subjected to elevated temperatures. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP Russell, SM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 75 IS 2 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TY084 UT WOS:A1996TY08400019 PM 8833381 ER PT J AU BruningFann, CS Kaneene, JB Lloyd, JW Stein, AD Thacker, B Hurd, HS AF BruningFann, CS Kaneene, JB Lloyd, JW Stein, AD Thacker, B Hurd, HS TI Associations between drinking-water nitrate and the productivity and health of farrowing swine SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; swine health; nitrate; well water; national swine survey; stratified analysis; multivariable regression; statistical power ID N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS; NITRITE; PARTURITION; BIRTH; SOW AB The associations between nitrate contained in drinking water and farrowing swine health and productivity were examined, The study was conducted from November 1989 through February 1991 on 571 randomly selected swine farms (27 207 farrowing swine) in the United States, At the beginning and end of each farm's 3-month monitoring period, the drinking water provided to the fan;owing swine was tested for nitrate. Data on farrowing swine health and productivity were observed and recorded daily by the animal caretaker. Data were analyzed on a farm basis, Nitrate was detected in 53.2% (304/571) of well-water samples, with a median concentration of 2.1 ppm. No association was seen between the nitrate concentration of drinking water and the farm litter size (P=0.94), proportion of the pigs stillborn (P=0.48), or the risk of having an above median percentage of the litter born mummified (OR=1.0; 95% CI 0.99, 1.00). No association was seen between nitrate and the health of farrowing swine as measured by the risk of having an above median percentage of farrowing swine ill (OR = 1.0; 95% Cl 0.99, 1.00) or dead ( OR = 0.99; 95% Cl 0.98, 1.01) due to farrowing problems, other reproductive problems (ill OR = 1.0, 95% CI 1.00, 1.01; dead OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.98, 1.01), other known health problems (ill OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.99, 1.00; dead OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.99, 1.01), or unknown health problems (ill OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.99, 1.01; dead OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.99, 1.01). The results of this study indicate that nitrate contained in drinking water, at the concentrations seen during the National Swine Study, is not associated with the farrowing swine health or productivity parameters studied. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, COLL VET MED, POPULAT MED CTR, A109 VET MED CTR, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. USDA, APHIS, VET SERV, HOLT, MI 48842 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, COLL HUMAN MED, PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, COLL VET MED VET CLIN SCI, AMES, IA 50011 USA. USDA, APHIS, VET SERV, CEAH, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. OI Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458 NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(95)00512-9 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UE310 UT WOS:A1996UE31000004 ER PT J AU Rudorff, BFT Mulchi, CL Daughtry, CST Lee, EH AF Rudorff, BFT Mulchi, CL Daughtry, CST Lee, EH TI Growth, radiation use efficiency, and canopy reflectance of wheat and corn grown under elevated ozone and carbon dioxide atmospheres SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CO2; RESPONSES; VEGETATION; CHAMBERS; BIOMASS; FIELD; O-3 AB Estimates of increases in future agricultural production in response to increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere are often based on the beneficial physiological effect of CO2 enrichment on plant growth, especially in C-3 plants. However, these estimates fail to consider the negative impact of ozone (O-3) air pollution on crop production. Increases in tropospheric concentrations of both gases, CO2 and O-3, have been observed over the past century, and both are predicted to continue to increase at even higher rates in the near future to levels when they may have a significant impact on agricultural production. Field studies with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1991 and 1992, and corn (Zea mays L.) in 1991 were conducted using open-top chambers to mimic atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (similar to 500 mu L(-1) CO2) and O-3 (similar to 40 nL L(-1) O-3 above ambient air [O-3] during 7h day(-1) 5 days week(-1)) that are predicted to occur at the Earth surface during the first half of the 21st century. Wheat and corn (C-3 vs. C-4) produced clearly different responses to CO2 enrichment, but similar responses to O-3 exposure. In wheat, O-3 exposure led to reduced grain yield, biomass, and radiation use efficiency (RUE, phytomass production per unit of energy received); in both years; but reduction in accumulated absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (AAPAR) was observed only in 1991. Conversely, CO2 enrichment produced greater grain yield, dry biomass, and RUE. With CO2 enrichment, the O-3-induced stress to wheat plants was apparently ameliorated since responses were equivalent to the control group (low O-3 and ambient CO2) for all variables. In contrast, corn demonstrated no benefit to CO2 enrichment for measured variables, and corn grain yield was the only parameter negatively influenced by O-3 exposure that is attributed to O-3-induced damage during the flowering process. Additionally, no treatment differences were observed for leaf area index (LAI) as determined nondestructively using the LICOR LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer. Also, treatment differences for normalized difference vegetation index (ND) were only observed for wheat plants from the high-O-3 and ambient-CO2 treatment, at some growing stages. Otherwise, ND were not helpful for identifying damage due to O-3 fumigation or benefits due to CO2 enrichment. Significant interactive effects of CO2 vs. O-3 were observed only for wheat grain yield in 1991 (p < 0.10), indicated that the detrimental effect of O-3 air pollution was more than overcome under the CO2-enriched environment. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL INST SPACE RES,DIV REMOTE SENSING,S JOSE CAMPOS,BRAZIL. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 55 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00208-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA UB382 UT WOS:A1996UB38200006 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, D Richman, L Johnson, D Angell, R Cruz, R AF Ganskopp, D Richman, L Johnson, D Angell, R Cruz, R TI Preferences of Angora goats for eight selections of grasses used for reclamation of Great Basin rangelands SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE grazing; foraging; selectivity; forage preference; angora goat; behaviour; forage quality predictor ID GRASSLAND; PLANTS; FORAGE; SHEEP AB Mature Angora goats were pastured in plots supporting eight selections of grasses used for rangeland reclamation in the northern Great Basin. The objectives were to establish the relative preferences of goats for these forages at two stages of phenology (late-boot and dormant) and relate selective preferences to forage production and quality attributes. Numbers of each selection visited, total bites harvested, and percent plant weight utilized characterized diets of goats. Forage attributes included herbage production, CP, and IVOMD. Crested wheatgrass selections (cultivars 'Nordan' and 'Hycrest II') were consistently ranked as preferred forages at both stages of phenology, with the two receiving 80+% of the grazing activity. Cultivars 'Magnar' and 'Trailhead' basin wildrye, 'Goldar' bluebunch wheatgrass, and 'Bozoisky' Russian wildrye were ranked as indifferently foraged upon, and a numbered selection (No. 9021076) of thick-spiked wheatgrass and the closely related cultivar 'Secar' Snake River wheatgrass ranked as avoided, Variation in herbage production among selections was significantly and positively correlated with visits to selections and total bites but not well enough to be an accurate predictor of selectivity. Indices of forage quality (CP and IVOMD) were not significantly correlated with selectivity. Adequate livestock performance can probably be attained on the preferred and indifferently ranked forages through mid-summer without supplementation. The two thick-spiked wheatgrasses, No, 9021076 and 'Secar' Snake River wheatgrass, are not recommended as forages for Angora goats. C1 US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,HINES,OR 97738. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,HC 71451 HWY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 19 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00747-4 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TN076 UT WOS:A1996TN07600002 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA Glenn, JS East, N Audibert, F AF Brogden, KA Glenn, JS East, N Audibert, F TI A Cornynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacterin with muramyl dipeptide induces antibody liters, increases the time of onset, and decreases naturally occurring external abscesses in sheep and goats SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE caseous lymphadenitis; vaccine; muramyl dipeptide; sheep; goat ID NATURALLY INFECTED SHEEP; CORYNEBACTERIUM-PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; CASEOUS-LYMPHADENITIS; WHOLE-CELL; ANTIGEN-SPECIFICITY; ADJUVANTS; VACCINES; IMMUNITY; FLOCKS; LAMBS AB Lambs from a university sheep flock and kids from a commercial goat dairy were injected with a bacterin containing Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (1 mg whole cells and 50 mu g muramyl dipeptide in 10% light mineral oil) twice i.m. in the thigh, 1 month apart. All animals were then exposed to naturally infected adults under field conditions. Serum antibody titers to C, pseudotuberculosis, determined regularly up to 19 months in all animals vaccinated in 1990 and up to 7 months in all animals vaccinated in 1991, rose sharply after vaccination and remained higher (P < 0.05) in vaccinated animals after that, Lambs and kids born in 1990 were watched for 28 months and 21 months, respectively, for development of naturally occurring external abscesses and lambs and kids born in 1991 were watched for 15 months and 8 months, respectively, until the project was ended. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by both the period of time for vaccinated animals to develop abscesses (i.e. time-to-infection) and the final number of vaccinated animals with abscesses. Abscesses occurred in 9/22 non-vaccinated lambs (time-to-infection 478 +/- 78 days) and in 4/21 (NS at P < 0.05) vaccinated lambs (time-to-infection 665 +/- 42 days, NS at P < 0.05). Lack of significance was due primarily to the low numbers of lambs with abscesses remaining in the trial after attrition losses, Abscesses occurred in 14/82 non-vaccinated kids (time-to-infection 483 +/- 35 days) and in 7/75 (NS at P < 0.05) vaccinated kids (time-to-infection 595 +/- 20 days, P < 0.05). Local injection site reactions (e.g. inflammation, abscess formation) or systemic reactions (e.g. lethargy) due to bacterin administration were not seen in any animal. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. VACSYN SA,F-75015 PARIS,FRANCE. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 19 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00749-0 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TN076 UT WOS:A1996TN07600010 ER PT J AU Seyfried, MS Murdock, MD AF Seyfried, MS Murdock, MD TI Calibration of time domain reflectometry for measurement of liquid water in frozen soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; ICE; MOISTURE; FROST; TDR; MODEL; HEAT; SNOW AB The amount of liquid water (theta(L)) present in soils at sub-freezing temperatures affects soil infiltrability, soil solution migration, and soil-atmosphere energy exchange, For these reasons, a number of frozen soil simulation models calculate theta(L). Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is the most practical technique available for field measurement of theta(L). In the course of monitoring theta(L), we have observed that TDR-measured theta(L) often conflicted with modeled values. Specifically, models generally assume that theta(L) is essentially independent of the total (ice plus Liquid) soil water content (theta(W)) at a constant temperature, whereas we have observed increases in theta(L) with theta(W). This conflict may be the result of the TDR calibration equations used for frozen soils, which implicitly assume that the dielectric constant of ice (3.2) equals that of air (1) and ignore the effects of temperature on the Liquid water dielectric constant. Less empirical, dielectric mixing-model calibration equations, which incorporate the individual dielectric contributions of soil constituents, have successfully described other inclusion responses and, therefore, may account for these effects. We applied six calibration equations to three soils under frozen and unfrozen conditions to determine if theta(L), as calculated with the alternative equations, was consistent with modeling approaches (i.e., if ice and temperature effects were accounted for). Two mixing-model and two empirical equations described water contents of the unfrozen soil well. The empirical equation results exhibited the expected changes in theta(L) with theta(W) for all three soils,The mixing-model equations calculated no change in theta(L) with theta(W) for the sand, indicating that ice effects were well accounted for. However, calculated theta(L) changed with theta(W) in the other soils. Thus, we found that, in general, the mixing-model equations did not incorporate ice and/or temperature effects in a manner consistent with modeling approaches. At this point, it is not clear whether the TDR-measured theta(L) changes are real or the result of dielectric effects that are not accounted for in the calibration equations. We provide evidence that the measured trends are realistic and the model assumptions should be questioned. Resolution of this question requires use of rather specialized instrumentation, which can provide an independent check of theta(L) measurements under unsaturated conditions. RP Seyfried, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW REG WATERSHED CTR,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 61 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 161 IS 2 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1097/00010694-199602000-00002 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TX919 UT WOS:A1996TX91900002 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Forster, HS Lesch, SM Heick, EL AF Goldberg, S Forster, HS Lesch, SM Heick, EL TI Influence of anion competition on boron adsorption by clays and soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MINERALS; MONTMORILLONITE AB Boron adsorption on the clay minerals, kaolinite and montmorillonite, and two arid zone soils was investigated as a function of solution pH (3-12) and presence of competing anions (nitrate, sulfate, molybdate, and phosphate) after 2 h of reaction time, Boron adsorption on all materials increased from pH 3 to 8, exhibited a peak at pH 8 to 10, and decreased from pH 10 to 12. Boron adsorption was greatest using a NaNO3 background electrolyte, The competitive anion effects on B adsorption increased in the order sulfate < molybdate < phosphate. The competitive effect on B adsorption was small even for the strongly adsorbing anion, phosphate, Our results suggest that B-adsorbing sites are, generally, specific to B and act independently of competing anions, This result will simplify the description of B transport in that changes in solution concentration of competing anions may not have to be considered. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 9 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 161 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1097/00010694-199602000-00003 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TX919 UT WOS:A1996TX91900003 ER PT J AU Harris, MM Safford, LO AF Harris, MM Safford, LO TI Effects of season and four tree species on soluble carbon content in fresh and decomposing litter of temperate forests SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM DECOMPOSITION; SCOTS PINE FOREST; ORGANIC-CHEMICAL COMPONENTS; NEEDLE LITTER; LEAF LITTER; MATTER; LIGNIN; NITROGEN; SOILS; FLOOR AB Decomposition of plant material is an important component in the study of forest ecosystems because of its critical role in nutrient cycling. The turnover of nutrients in forest soil organic matter depends on, among other factors, a readily available supply of C for decomposer organisms. Levels of water soluble C in leachate from four species of forest floor material were compared at five sampling periods in 1988, and an assessment of correlations between the measured soluble C levels and levels of respired CO2, Co (potentially mineralizable C) and k (decay rate) was performed. Potential release of water-soluble C following freeze/thaw treatment was evaluated. Sugar maple (Acer sarcharum Marsh) leachate averaged 1.7 times more soluble C than leachate from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Average levels of soluble C for all samples in October were more than 2 times higher than those from July, August, September, and December, but soluble C levels did not generally correlate with CO2 evolved during 20-day laboratory incubations. Correlations between soluble C and C, and k were poor. Maple substrate collected before autumn leaf fall and treated to alternating cycles of freezing and thawing released significantly greater amounts of soluble C than either controls or samples held at a constant 4 degrees C. Post-leaf fall maple substrate yielded significantly greater soluble C values for each treatment, and treatment effects decreased in the following order: freeze/thaw > 23 degrees C > 4 degrees C. Levels of soluble C released from forest floor material depended on the species of substrate, and the degree of decomposition of the material, Cycles of freezing and thawing released additional soluble C. Initial decomposition of ''fresh'' soil organic matter by microorganisms may be triggered by the availability of a soluble C pool. RP Harris, MM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 161 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1097/00010694-199602000-00008 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TX919 UT WOS:A1996TX91900008 ER PT J AU Kumosinski, TF Unruh, JJ AF Kumosinski, TF Unruh, JJ TI Quantitation of the global secondary structure of globular proteins by FTIR spectroscopy: Comparison with X-ray crystallographic structure SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; globular proteins; protein secondary structure ID VIBRATIONAL CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; WATER H2O SOLUTIONS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DOORWAY-STATE THEORY; AMIDE-I; PEPTIDE COMPOUNDS; ABSORPTION-BANDS; SUBSTRUCTURE LIBRARY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AB Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is potentially a powerful tool for determining the global secondary structure of proteins in solution, providing the spectra are analyzed using a statistically and theoretically justified methodology. We have performed FTIR experiments on 14 globular proteins and two synthetic polypeptides whose X-ray crystal structures are known to exhibit varying types and amounts of secondary structures. Calculation of the component structural elements of the vibrational bands was accomplished using nonlinear regression analysis, by fitting both the amide I and amide II bands of the Fourier self-deconvoluted spectra, the second-derivative spectra, and the original spectra. The methodology was theoretically justified by comparing (via nonlinear regression analysis) the global secondary structure determined after deconvolving into component bands the vibrational amide I envelopes with the calculated structure determined by first principles from Ramachandran analysis of the X-ray crystallographic structure of 14 proteins from the Brookhaven protein data bank. Justification of the nonlinear regression analysis model with respect to experimental and instrumental considerations was achieved by the decomposition of all the bands of benzene and an aqueous solution of ammonium acetate into component bands while floating the Gaussian/Lorentzian character of the line shapes. The results for benzene yield all pure Lorentzian line shapes with no Gaussian character while the ammonium acetate spectra yielded all Gaussian line shapes with no Lorentzian character. In addition, all-protein spectra yielded pure Gaussian line shapes with no Lorentzian character. Finally, the model was statistically justified by recognizing random deviation patterns in the regression analysis from all fits and by the extra sum of squares F-test which uses the degrees of freedom and the root mean square values as a tool to determine the optimum number of component bands required for the nonlinear regression analysis. Results from this study demonstrate that the globular secondary structure calculated from the amide I envelope for these 14 proteins from FTIR is in excellent agreement with the values calculated from the X-ray crystallographic data using three-dimensional Ramachandran analysis, providing that the proper contribution from GLN and ASN side chains to the 1667 and 1650 cm(-1) component bands has been taken into account. The standard deviation of the regression analysis for the per cent helix, extended, turn and irregular conformations was found to be 3.49%, 2.07%, 3.59% and 3.20%, respectively. RP Kumosinski, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD FEB PY 1996 VL 43 IS 2 BP 199 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0039-9140(95)01726-7 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA UP567 UT WOS:A1996UP56700005 PM 18966480 ER PT J AU Krowicki, RS Hinojosa, O Thibodeaux, DP Duckett, KE AF Krowicki, RS Hinojosa, O Thibodeaux, DP Duckett, KE TI An AFIS parameter for correcting mass measures on the Spinlab HVI SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The radial cross-sectional area measured by the AFIS is used to provide a correction to the diverse slopes of the relationship between the mass and the natural logarithm of the ratio of the incident light to the light attenuated by cotton fibers. The correction appears to be comparable to that obtained from Arealometer data. Comparisons with Arealometer cross sections indicate an R(2) of at least 0.97. This measurement, obtained more rapidly using the AFIS, may be used as a mass correction to determine strength on the Spinlab high volume instrument. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL HUMAN ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Krowicki, RS (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 66 IS 2 BP 70 EP 72 DI 10.1177/004051759606600202 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA TT770 UT WOS:A1996TT77000002 ER PT J AU Radhakrishnaiah, P Sawhney, APS AF Radhakrishnaiah, P Sawhney, APS TI Low stress mechanical behavior of cotton polyester yarns and fabrics in relation to fiber distribution within the yarn SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLAIN-WOVEN FABRICS; STAPLE-CORE YARN; BENDING BEHAVIOR; BLEND AB Low stress mechanical properties of cotton/polyester yarns representing random fiber disposition and core-sheath construction are compared to determine the influence of fiber distribution on yam properties. The yarns are converted into plain weave fabrics under identical conditions, and fabric properties are compared to understand how yarn properties translate into fabric properties. The core-sheath yarn (polyester-core/cotton-covered yarn) shows lower values for bending rigidity, bending hysteresis, compressive resilience, and tensile elongation. The same yarn also shows higher values for compressive softness and tensile modulus. The lower tensile elongation and higher tensile modulus of the core-sheath yarn is reflected in the lower elongation and higher modulus of the corresponding fabric. However, bending and compression properties of the core-sheath yarn are inversely related to bending and compression properties of the corresponding fabric. Results show that yarn bulk and compression properties exert a greater influence on the bending behavior of a plain weave fabric than yam bending properties. Results also reveal that a closely woven plain weave fabric made from a less resilient and easily compressible yarn can prove to be more resilient to compression and more difficult to compress in the fabric stage. C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP Radhakrishnaiah, P (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH TEXT & FIBER ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 66 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1177/004051759606600206 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA TT770 UT WOS:A1996TT77000006 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, GW Sharpe, FT Dudley, JT AF Schaeffer, GW Sharpe, FT Dudley, JT TI Export of beta-1,3-glucanase from mutant rice cells rechallenged and stressed with lysine plus threonine SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE rice; beta-1,3 glucanases; mutant; protein export; extracellular; cell culture; stress; pathogenesis-related ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION; BEAN-LEAVES; TOBACCO; PURIFICATION; CHITINASE; PLANTS; TISSUE; GENES AB Mutant rice cells (Oryza sativa L.) grown in liquid suspension cultures exported greater quantities of protein and beta-glucanases than controls. These mutants were isolated from anther calli resistant to 1 mM lysine plus threonine (LT), regenerated and reestablished as cell suspension cultures from seeds. Cellular protein levels are genetically conditioned, and the levels of extracellular proteins and enzyme activities are inversely related to that of the cellular portions. The rechallenge of cells with 1 mM LT inhibited the expression of both beta-1,3-glucanases and beta-1,4-glucosidases but had no significant effect upon the levels of chitinase activity. Mutant cells were more sensitive than controls to stress caused by exogenous LT. In general, under exogenous LT stress the mutant/control ratio for extracellular glucanases increased as the assay conditions were changed from a basic to an acidic pH. The specific activity of beta-glucanases was highest in media and lowest in cells. Both the mutant and control cells exported beta-glucanases into the suspension medium, but the level of activity in media was greater in that in which the mutant was suspended. The export was probably modulated by the internal protein levels which were highest in mutant cells without LT. Seedlings from mutants with enhanced lysine also had enhanced acidic beta-glucanase activity. RP Schaeffer, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 92 IS 2 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA TZ825 UT WOS:A1996TZ82500015 PM 24166174 ER PT J AU Nardi, JB Dowd, PF Bartelt, RJ AF Nardi, JB Dowd, PF Bartelt, RJ TI Fine structure of cells specialized for secretion of aggregation pheromone in a nitidulid beetle Carpophilus freemani (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) SO TISSUE & CELL LA English DT Article DE pheromone; secretory cells; ultrastructure of; oenocytes ID L HYMENOPTERA; GLANDS; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB The cells that secrete the aggregation pheromone of the male nitidulid beetle Carpophilus freemani are exceptionally large and lie within the body cavity, These secretory cells share many ultrastructural features with cells of other pheromone and defense glands, but they also have several unique features, A deep invagination of the surface of each of these cells acts as the secretory surface for the pheromone, The invaginated surface is highly convoluted and surrounds a narrow cuticular ductule that is connected to the tracheal system. This surface is not covered with microvilli as the comparable surfaces are in other insect secretory cells, Each secretory cell is filled with an abundance of lipid spheres that presumably contain precursors for the pheromone, Examining cells from beetles producing different levels of pheromone showed that sizes of secretory cells are positively correlated with rates of pheromone production, Whereas secretory and ductule cells of other insect glands are usually epidermal cells, these cells of nitidulid beetles represent the first pheromone glands in which oenocytes are believed to have been recruited for pheromone production and tracheal cells have been recruited as ductules for these cells. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Nardi, JB (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,320 MORRILL HALL,505 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0040-8166 J9 TISSUE CELL JI Tissue Cell PD FEB PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0040-8166(96)80043-7 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology GA UB019 UT WOS:A1996UB01900006 PM 18621322 ER PT J AU Yoo, HS Norred, WP Riley, RT AF Yoo, HS Norred, WP Riley, RT TI A rapid method for quantifying free sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipids in microgram amounts of cells following exposure to fumonisin B-1 SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION AB Fumonisins are potent inhibitors of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase (ceramide synthase), key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate rapid methods for the determination of free sphingoid bases and total sphingolipids in small quantities of cells exposed to pure fumonisin B-1. The developed rapid methods were a modification of an earlier 'original' method and used a single CHCl3 extraction subsequent to base or acid hydrolysis of cell suspensions. The average recovery of the C-20-sphinganine internal standard using the rapid extraction method for free sphingoid bases was 48% and 84% for control and fumonisin B-1 treated LLC-PK1 cells (approx. 100 mu g protein), respectively, while the recovery using the original extraction method was 1% or less. The average total sphingolipid concentrations (free sphingoid bases plus complex sphingolipids) determined by the rapid and original method were similar. The rapid extraction method provided simpler and shorter extractions with improved recovery, and was more economical by allowing experimental designs using smaller quantities of cells (10-100 mu g protein) and fumonisins. In conclusion, the rapid method is useful for the study of fumonisin-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in cultured cells where free sphingoid base concentration increases and complex sphingolipids decrease markedly. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD FEB PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00093-3 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TZ638 UT WOS:A1996TZ63800010 PM 20650185 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RG AF Kelsey, RG TI Anaerobic induced ethanol synthesis in the stems of greenhouse-grown conifer seedlings SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE anaerobic respiration; fermentation; hypoxia; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus ponderosa ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; PRIMARY ATTRACTANT; PLANTS; ROOTS; FERMENTATION; METABOLISM; CARBON; TREES AB Ethanol synthesis was induced in stem segments from greenhouse-grown conifer seedlings by placing them in a N-2 atmosphere at 30 degrees C for 24 h. Stems from ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana Dougl., Pacific silver fir, Abies amabalis Dougl. ex Forbes, and lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl, ex Loud, produced the highest quantities of ethanol. This group also had the smallest and slowest growing stems. Within each of these species the amount of ethanol produced was inversely related to the stem volume. Stems from western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., grand fir, Abies grandis Dougl. ex Forbes, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France, and western redcedar, Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, all produced equivalent but low ethanol concentrations. These species had the largest and fastest growing stems. In this group only grand fir exhibited an inverse relationship between ethanol concentrations and stem volume. The relative amounts of ethanol synthesized by stems from Douglas-fir, western hemlock and western redcedar seedlings were not the same as subsequently observed in logs from mature trees of the same species under field conditions. Differences in the anaerobic environments for the two stem types could have affected the quantities of ethanol produced. The observed high amounts of ethanol produced by the stems from pine species were discussed in terms of their ability to handle periods of anaerobic stress or hypoxia. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TV301 UT WOS:A1996TV30100006 ER PT J AU Hanson, MR Sutton, CA Lu, BW AF Hanson, MR Sutton, CA Lu, BW TI Plant organelle gene expression: Altered by RNA editing SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MESSENGER-RNA; MITOCHONDRIAL GENE; MAIZE MITOCHONDRIA; INITIATION CODON; TRANSCRIPT; CHLOROPLASTS; SEQUENCE; SUBUNIT; NUCLEOTIDES; CREATION AB Transcripts of the higher plant plastid and mitochondrial genomes undergo cytosine-to-uracil RNA editing. Although only about 0.13% of the codons in the entire maize chloroplast genome are altered, plant mitochondrial protein coding genes typically have 3-15% of the codons affected by editing, Incompletely edited transcripts of certain genes are abundant, indicating that plant organelle-transcript editing is a post-transcriptional process. Partially edited transcripts can enter the translation apparatus, resulting in more than one protein product encoded by the same gene. How are cytosine residues selected for editing? Recent data from chloroplast transformants and abnormal mitochondrial genes provide some clues. C1 USDA,PLANT GENE EXPRESS CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Hanson, MR (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,GENET & DEV SECT,BIOTECHNOL BLDG,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Hanson, Maureen/D-3879-2009; OI Hanson, Maureen/0000-0001-8141-3058 NR 73 TC 51 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 1 IS 2 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(96)80030-6 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UP298 UT WOS:A1996UP29800006 ER PT J AU Cifrian, E Guidry, AJ Bramley, AJ Norcross, NL BastidaCorcuera, FD Marquardt, WW AF Cifrian, E Guidry, AJ Bramley, AJ Norcross, NL BastidaCorcuera, FD Marquardt, WW TI Effect of staphylococcal beta toxin on the cytotoxicity, proliferation and adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to bovine mammary epithelial cells SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcus aureus; beta toxin; cytotoxicity; bacterial adherence; mammary gland; epithelial cells ID ALPHA-TOXIN; MASTITIS; MOUSE; VIRULENCE; GLAND; HEMOLYSINS; DAMAGE AB The effect of staphylococcal beta toxin on the cytotoxicity, proliferation and adherence of S. aureus to bovine mammary epithelial cells was studied. Bovine erythrocytes and mammary epithelial cells were incubated with purified staphylococcal cu and beta toxins and with culture supernatants from S. aureus M60 and two mutant strains that are negative for either the production of alpha (DU5789(alpha-)) or beta (DU5846(beta-)) toxin. Lysis of bovine erythrocytes was due primarily to beta toxin. Alpha toxin increased the lysis of bovine erythrocytes by purified beta toxin, but the presence of ct toxin in culture supernatants from S. aureus did not increase the lysis of bovine erythrocytes. Purified beta toxin was cytotoxic to mammary secretory epithelial cells, but to a lesser extent than a toxin. Together they exhibited an additive effect on mammary epithelial cells. inactivation of the alpha toxin-gene of S. aureus M60 decreased the cytotoxic effect on mammary epithelial cells to a greater extent than the inactivation of the beta toxin-gene. Also, the relative percentages of DU5789(alpha-) and DU5846(beta-) adhering to mammary cell monolayers, the number and size of colonies and the number of infected epithelial cells decreased. This in vitro study showed that beta toxin damages bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells, increases the damaging effects of a toxin, increases the adherence of S. aureus to mammary epithelial cells and increases the proliferation of S. aureus. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20705. USDA ARS,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV VERMONT,DEPT ANIM SCI & FOOD SCI,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,ITHACA,NY 14850. UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20705. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00159-X PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA UB831 UT WOS:A1996UB83100001 PM 9054116 ER PT J AU Lee, MS Kaspar, CW Brosch, R Shere, J Luchansky, JB AF Lee, MS Kaspar, CW Brosch, R Shere, J Luchansky, JB TI Genomic analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from dairy calves during the United States national dairy heifer evaluation project (1991-1992) SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; fingerprinting; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; typing ID CAUSE HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; INFANTILE DIARRHEA; STRAINS AB The genomic fingerprints of 26 Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from calves on 20 farms in 16 states were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Digestion of genomic DNAs with the restriction enzymes SfiI and XbaI yielded 14 and 18 restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP), respectively. Seventeen farms (85%) had E. coli O157:H7 with a unique REDP, and when more than one calf tested positive on a farm, the isolates displayed identical REDP. Isolates from different farms within the same state displayed distinct REDP, as did most isolates from farms in different states. The exceptions were three farms in New York, Ohio, and Washington that had calves harboring E. coli O157:H7 with the same REDP. In addition to REDP, the toxin profiles of all 26 isolates were determined using oligonucleotide probes to Shiga-like toxins (SLT) I and II, Nineteen (73%) of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates harbored the genes for both SLT I and II, while the remaining seven isolates (27%) had the gene for SLT II only. Also, isolates with the same REDP had the same toxin profile. The genomic relatedness among the E. coli O157:H7 isolates was also determined by principal component analysis of Dice similarity indices of REDP. Three clusters were identified, but none of these were associated with a geographic region or toxin profile. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, FOOD RES INST, DEPT FOOD MICROBIOL & TOXICOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FOOD SCI, FOOD RES INST, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. USDA, ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, VET SERV, MADISON, WI 53713 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00135-2 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA UB831 UT WOS:A1996UB83100004 PM 9054119 ER PT J AU deLeon, AAP Tabachnick, WJ AF deLeon, AAP Tabachnick, WJ TI Apyrase activity and adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation inhibition by the salivary gland proteins of Culicoides variipennis, the North American vector of bluetongue viruses SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apyrase; Culicoides variipennis; bluetongue virus; salivary glands ID NEUTROPHILS; FLIES; TICK AB Salivary gland homogenates of Culicoides variipennis, the primary vector of bluetongue (BLU) viruses in North America, were analyzed for apyrase activity. Apyrase (ATP diphosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.5) is an anti-hemostatic and anti-inflammatory salivary enzyme of most hematophagous arthropods. The enzyme activity was measured by the release of orthophosphate using ATP, ADP, and AMP as substrates with Ca2+ as the divalent cation. ATPase (11.5 +/- 1 mU/pair of glands), ADPase (7.3 +/- 0.7 mU/pair of glands), and insignificant (P < 0.05) AMPase (0.07 mU/pair of glands) activities were detected in female salivary glands, Male salivary glands contained lower amounts of ATPase and ADPase activity (P < 0.05). The ATPase and ADPase activities were greatest at pH 8.5, and were similarly activated by Mg2+. Molecular sieving HPLC of salivary gland homogenates generated a single peak which coincided with ATPase and ADPase, but no AMPase, activity; the protein has an estimated molecular mass of 35 000 Da. ATPase and ADPase activity, and total protein concentration, were reduced(P < 0.05) in the salivary glands of females after taking a blood meal from a sheep. Salivary gland homogenates also inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. It is concluded that the salivary ATPase and ADPase activities of C, varupennis reside in one enzyme, and that this enzyme is likely an apyrase. The apyrase activity is thought to be responsible for the inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, as indicated by the apparent discharge of apyrase from salivary glands into the host during blood feeding. This suggests that apyrase is one of the salivary proteins present in C. variipennis acting as antigens in the development of Culicoides hypersensitivity in ruminants and horses. Apyrase may inhibit an inflammatory response at the feeding site through the subsequent degradation of its end-product, AMP, to adenosine, a potent anti-inflammatory substance, by the ecto-5' nucleotidase activity of neutrophils. RP deLeon, AAP (reprint author), USDA ARS, ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB, POB 3965, UNIV STN, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 338 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA TQ490 UT WOS:A1996TQ49000014 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQ Li, Y Que, QD Kutish, GF Rock, DL VanEtten, JL AF Lu, ZQ Li, Y Que, QD Kutish, GF Rock, DL VanEtten, JL TI Analysis of 94 kb of the Chlorella virus PBCV-1 330-kb genome: Map positions 88 to 182 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE GENE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE GENE; CHITINASE-ENCODING GENE; DELTA-AUXILIARY PROTEIN; DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MESSENGER-RNA; CPG ISLANDS AB Analysis of 94 kb of DNA, located between map positions 88 and 182 kb in the 330-kb chlorella virus PBCV-1 genome, revealed 195 open reading frames (ORFs) 65 codons or longer. One hundred and five of the 195 ORFs were considered major ORFs. Twenty-six of the 105 major ORFs resembled genes in the databases including three chitinases, a chitosanase, three serine/threonine protein kinases, two additional protein kinases, a tyrosine protein phosphatase, two ankyrins, an ornithine decarboxylase, a copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase, a proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a DNA polymerase, a fibronectin-binding protein, the yeast ski2 protein, an adenine DNA methyltransferase and its corresponding DNA site-specific endonuclease, and an amidase. The genes for the 105 major ORFs were evenly distributed along the genome and, except for one noncoding 1788-nucleotide stretch, the genes were close together. Unexpectedly, a 900-bp region in the 1788-bp noncoding sequence resembled a CpG island. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, NAA, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-32441] NR 106 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 216 IS 1 BP 102 EP 123 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.0038 PG 22 WC Virology SC Virology GA TU782 UT WOS:A1996TU78200011 PM 8614977 ER PT J AU Nearing, MA Liu, BY Risse, LM Zhang, X AF Nearing, MA Liu, BY Risse, LM Zhang, X TI Curve numbers and green-ampt effective hydraulic conductivities SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE erosion; infiltration and soil moisture; modeling; runoff; surface water hydrology ID INFILTRATION; MODEL; WEPP AB The SCS curve number method is an accepted method for estimating surface water runoff caused by rainfall. Several modern process-based hydrologic models, including the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, use the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, but the basis for selecting model parameters is not as comprehensive as for curve number selection. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively relate curve numbers to Green-Ampt effective conductivity parameters, K-e, so that the information available relative to application of curve number technology may be applied to WEPP for predicting runoff from rainfall. Data used to develop relationships included descriptions of 43 soils, CLIGEN-generated weather information for ten geographic locations in the U.S., and eight different types of cropping practices. Values of K-e were derived by optimizing WEPP model output to match that predicted by curve numbers for a 20-year weather sequence. Relationships were developed to describe the optimized K-e values for both fallow and cropped conditions. The relationships were tested on approximately 350 plot years of measured data from 11 runoff and erosion stations in the U.S. and shown to perform as well as or better than the SCS curve number approach for individual storm predictions of runoff volumes. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 125 EP 136 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA TV957 UT WOS:A1996TV95700013 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Leij, FJ AF Bradford, SA Leij, FJ TI Predicting two- and three-fluid capillary pressure saturation relationships of porous media with fractional wettability SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE AB Knowledge of the capillary pressure-saturation (P-c-S) relations of porous media is essential for the research and management of multiphase flow and transport. Indirect methods have often been used to predict P-c-S curves, since the actual measurement of all P-c-S curves may be cumbersome. Existing methods to predict the P-c-S relations for porous media with fractional wettability, however, are generally inadequate. This paper reports on methods to quantify P-c-S curves of such media that contain two or three fluids (air, oil, and water). The prediction of oil-water P-c-S relations from air-oil or air-water P-c-S data through mere scaling is not possible since the oil-water capillary pressure may be positive or negative in fractional wettability media. We successfully predicted the oil-water P-c-S curve using a linear transformation of air-oil P-c-S data. In three-fluid media with fractional wettability the prediction of three-fluid from two-fluid P-c-S relations using only Leverett's assumption is unreliable, since both water and oil act as intermediate fluid. We predicted the three-fluid oil-water P-c from two-fluid oil-water or linearly transformed air-oil P-c-S data. The three-fluid air-oil P-c could be readily predicted from the two-fluid air-oil P-c-S relation for a variable oil saturation and a constant water saturation. In contrast, when the water saturation was varied, at a constant oil saturation, the air-oil P-c could only be predicted using an empirical correction for the two-fluid air-oil P-c-S data. The three-fluid air-water P-c is obtained as the sum of the oil-water P-c and the air-oil P-c (both water and oil pressures are measured with respect to atmospheric pressure). C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 32 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1029/95WR03239 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA TT025 UT WOS:A1996TT02500002 ER PT J AU Boorer, KJ Frommer, WB Bush, DR Kreman, M Loo, DDF Wright, EM AF Boorer, KJ Frommer, WB Bush, DR Kreman, M Loo, DDF Wright, EM TI Kinetics and specificity of a H+ amino acid transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES; NA+ GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER; XENOPUS-LAEVIS OOCYTES; SUGAR-BEET LEAVES; ELECTROGENIC PROPERTIES; MECHANISM; EXPRESSION; COTYLEDONS; VULGARIS; SYMPORTS AB The amino acid transporter AAP1/NAT2 recently cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and we used electrophysiological, radiotracer flux, and electron microscopic methods to characterize the biophysical properties, kinetics, and specificity of the transporter. Uptake of alanine was H+-dependent increasing from 14 pmol/oocyte/h at 0.032 mu M H+ to 370 pmol/oocyte/h at 10 mu M H+. AAP1 was electrogenic; there was an amino acid-induced depolarization of the oocyte plasma membrane and net inward currents through the transporter due to the transport of amino acids. AAP1 transported a wide spectrum of amino acids favoring neutral amino acids with short side chains. The maximal current (i(max)) for alanine, proline, glutamine, histidine, and glutamate was voltage-and [H+](o)-dependent. Similarly, the i(max)(H) was voltage-and [amino acid](o)-dependent. The i(max) for both H+ and amino acid were dependent on the concentrations of their respective cosubstrates, suggesting that both ligands bind randomly to the transporter. The K-0.5 of the transporter for amino acids decreased as [H+](o) increased and was lower at negative membrane potentials. The K-0.5 for H+ was relatively voltage-independent and decreased as [amino acid](o) increased. This positive cooperativity suggests that the transporter operates via a simultaneous mechanism. The Hill coefficients n for amino acids and H+ were >1, suggesting that the transporter has more than one binding site for both H+ and amino acid, Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to estimate the number of transporters expressed in the plasma membrane of oocytes. The density of particles on the protoplasmic face of the plasma membrane of oocytes expressing AAP1 increased similar to 5-fold above water-injected controls and corresponded to a turnover number 350 to 800 s(-1). C1 INST GENBIOL FORSCH,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Boorer, KJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,10833 LE CONTE AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095, USA. RI Frommer, Wolf B/A-8256-2008 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 44602] NR 32 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 26 PY 1996 VL 271 IS 4 BP 2213 EP 2220 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TR320 UT WOS:A1996TR32000063 PM 8567681 ER PT J AU McKenna, TS Rieder, E Lubroth, J Burrage, T Baxt, B Mason, PW AF McKenna, TS Rieder, E Lubroth, J Burrage, T Baxt, B Mason, PW TI Strategy for producing new foot-and-mouth disease vaccines that display complex epitopes SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Approaches to Vaccine Development (NAVD 95) CY APR 11-14, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Soc Biotechnol DE foot-and-mouth disease virus; vaccine; virus-host binding; chimera; genetically engineered virus ID MAJOR IMMUNOGENIC SITE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRUS; CATTLE; PROTECTION; ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; PROTEIN; ACID; FMDV AB Widely used inactivated vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) induce protective immunity, but vaccine production plants and residual virus in the vaccine itself have been implicated in disease outbreaks. The structure of the FMD virion has been determined, and although much of the surface of the viral particle is produced by complex folding of the three surface-exposed capsid proteins (VP1-3), some surface regions representing important linear epitopes can be mimicked by recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides. Vaccine candidates based on these products stimulate immune responses to foot-and-mouth virus (FMDV), but do not always protect livestock from disease. The basis of protective immunity to FMDV has been explored using genetic engineering to produce antigenic chimeras of the virus. Studies with these chimeras have shown that a strong and protective immune response can be generated in livestock to epitopes outside the sequential epitopes incorporated into previous subunit vaccine candidates. Genetic engineering of the virus has also been used to demonstrate that changes within the sequence encoding an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence in VP1 abrogate virus binding to cells in culture, confirming the role of RGD as the receptor binding site. Based on this information, genetically stable viruses which cannot bind to cells have been created by deleting the nucleotides coding the RGD sequence. The receptor binding site-deleted viruses have been shown to be non-infectious in tissue culture, mice, and swine. Cattle vaccinated with these viruses are protected from disease when challenged with virulent FMDV, demonstrating that they could serve as the basis for safer FMD vaccines. C1 USDA,AGR RES SERV,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD JAN 26 PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00090-9 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TU634 UT WOS:A1996TU63400013 PM 8717390 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Andrews, GK Winge, DR Beattie, JH AF Richards, MP Andrews, GK Winge, DR Beattie, JH TI Separation of three mouse metallothionein isoforms by free-solution capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE metallothioneins; proteins ID ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; BRAIN AB We have used free-solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE) to separate three distinct mouse metallothionein (MT) isoforms, MT-1, MT-2 and MT-3. FSCE was conducted in an uncoated fused-silica capillary (57 cmXSO mu m I.D., 50 cm to detector) using 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 7.0 or 2.0. At neutral pH, each of the three isoform peaks were well resolved from a mixture with the order of migration (MT-1>MT-2>MT-3) related to the net negative charge on the protein. At acidic pH, the migration order was reversed with MT-3 migrating fastest, suggesting MT-3 had a higher net positive charge than MT-2 or MT-1. UV absorbance spectra (190-300 nm) confirmed the presence of Zn in MT-1 and MT-2. MT-3, which was saturated with Cd to stabilize the protein, gave a spectrum characteristic of the Cd-S charge transfer (shoulder at ca. 250 nm). At pH 2.0, the absorbance spectra for all three mouse MTs were characteristic of the metal-free form of the protein (apothionein). Thus, FSCE conducted at neutral pH separates MT isoforms with their metals intact, whereas at pH 2.0, both the Zn and the Cd dissociate from the protein during the run. C1 UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160. UNIV UTAH,MED CTR,DEPT MED & BIOCHEM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132. ROWETT RES INST,DIV BIOCHEM SCI,ABERDEEN AB2 9SB,SCOTLAND. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BARC E,BLDG 200,ROOM 201,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD JAN 26 PY 1996 VL 675 IS 2 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00379-7 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TW151 UT WOS:A1996TW15100018 PM 8852722 ER PT J AU Bidochka, MJ Walsh, SRA Ramos, ME StLeger, RJ Silver, JC Roberts, DW AF Bidochka, MJ Walsh, SRA Ramos, ME StLeger, RJ Silver, JC Roberts, DW TI Fate of biological control introductions: Monitoring an Australian fungal pathogen of grasshoppers in North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE insect pathology; epizootiology; Entomophaga grylli; molecular probes ID ENTOMOPHAGA-GRYLLI; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; GROWTH AB In North America there are two generally recognized pathotypes (pathotypes 1 and 2) of the fungus Entomophaga grylli which show host-preferential infection of grasshopper subfamilies. Pathotype 3, discovered in Australia, has a broader grasshopper host range and was considered to be a good biocontrol agent, Between 1989 and 1991 pathotype 3 was introduced at two field sites in North Dakota. Since resting spores are morphologically indistinguishable among pathotypes, we used pathotype-specific DNA probes to confirm pathotype identification in E. grylli-infected grasshoppers collected at the release sites in 1992, 1993, and 1994. In 1992, up to 23% of E. grylli-infected grasshoppers of the subfamilies Melanoplinae, Oedipodinae, and Gomphocerinae were infected by pathotype 3, with no infections >1 km from the release sites. In 1993, pathotype 3 infections declined to 1.7%. In 1994 grasshopper populations were low and no pathotype 3 infections were found. The frequency of pathotype 3 infection has declined to levels where its long-term survival in North America is questionable. Analyses of biocontrol releases are critical to evaluating the environmental risks associated with these ecological manipulations, and molecular probes are powerful tools for monitoring biocontrol releases. C1 CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT MICROBIOL,DIV LIFE SCI,SCARBOROUGH,ON M1C 1A4,CANADA. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI St. Leger, Raymond /N-3219-2013; Roberts, Donald/B-6649-2014 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 23 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 2 BP 918 EP 921 DI 10.1073/pnas.93.2.918 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TR326 UT WOS:A1996TR32600074 PM 8570660 ER PT J AU Matteri, RL Becker, BA AF Matteri, RL Becker, BA TI Lactotroph and somatotroph function in piglets reared in a constant hot environment SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hot thermal environment; lactotroph; somatotroph; pituitary function; piglets ID GROWTH-HORMONE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; PROLACTIN SECRETION; HEAT EXPOSURE; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; RELEASE; THYROTROPIN; PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE AB The present study evaluated the effect of rearing in a constant hot (32 degrees C) or cool (21 degrees C) thermal environment (TE) on lactotroph and somatotroph secretory activity in 5-wk-old barrows (castrate males) and gilts (females). Pituitary cells from seven gilts and seven barrows from each TE were cultured at a density of 250,000 cells/1 mi well and exposed to vehicle (culture medium); .1, 1, 10, or 100 nM thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); or .1, 1, or 10 nM growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Post-receptor cellular stimulation was induced pharmacologically with 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP (cAMP); 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA); or 59 mM KCl. Prolactin secretion in culture was stimulated by TRH and by pharmacological compounds (p < .0001). In vitro PRL secretion was increased approximately twofold in the hot environment(p < .02). Similarly, cellular PRL content in the hot TE was twice that in the cool TE (p < .01). The in vitro secretion of growth hormone (GH) was increased by GHRH and by pharmacological compounds (p < .0001), but was unaffected by TE (p > .5). No effects of sex (p > .3) or sex x TE interactions (p > .2) were detected in any endpoint. The results of this study demonstrate that lactotroph, but not somatotroph, secretory activity is enhanced by a constant hot TE in early postweaning pigs. This increase in secretory activity does not appear to be dependent on receptor-mediated cellular activation, but may reflect enhanced levels of cellular PRL available for release. RP Matteri, RL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ANIM SCI RES CTR,ROOM S-143,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD JAN 19 PY 1996 VL 58 IS 8 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(95)02340-2 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TR461 UT WOS:A1996TR46100008 PM 8594321 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Hornbostel, L AF Hawkes, WC Hornbostel, L TI Effects of dietary selenium on mood in healthy men living in a metabolic research unit SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE selenium; mood; nutrition; human; profile of mood states; nutritional status ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; RAT-TISSUES; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; BRAIN; ZINC AB Eleven healthy men were confined in a metabolic research unit for 120 days in a double-blind study of the effects of dietary selenium on mood as assessed by the Profile of Mood States-Bipolar Form, At an intake of 2800 kcal/day, the diet of conventional foods provided 80 mu g/day of selenium for the first 21 days, then either 13 or 356 mu g/day for the remaining 99 days. There were no significant changes in any of the mood scales due to dietary selenium. However, in the low-selenium group, the changes in the agreeable-hostile and the elated-depressed subscales were correlated with initial erythrocyte selenium concentration; that is, the lower the initial selenium status, the more the mood scores decreased. These results suggest that persons with low selenium status might experience relatively depressed moods and support the idea that selenium plays a special role in the brain, However these studies do not support the notion that selenium supplementation could promote improvements in mood in persons eating a typical U.S. diet. C1 LETTERMAN USA HOSP,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD JAN 15 PY 1996 VL 39 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00085-2 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA TQ330 UT WOS:A1996TQ33000007 PM 8717610 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Morales, JA Villalobos, P Lindsay, DS Blagburn, BL Topper, MJ AF Dubey, JP Morales, JA Villalobos, P Lindsay, DS Blagburn, BL Topper, MJ TI Neosporosis-associated abortion in a dairy goat SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-SECTIONS; CANINUM; INFECTION; CATTLE; DOGS AB Neospora caninum tachyzoites and tissue cysts were found in tissues of a goat fetus aborted after 3.5 months of gestation. The fetus had hydrocephalus and a hypoplastic cerebellum. The predominant lesion in the fetus was severe encephalitis associated with numerous N caninum tissue cysts. Parasites in fetal tissues reacted positively with N caninum antibodies in immunohistochemical tests. The doe was clinically normal and had a 1:800 antibody titer to N caninum as determined by use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test 9 months after abortion. Five of 77 other does from this herd also had indirect fluorescent antibody titers to N caninum that were greater than or equal to 1:100. C1 UNIV NACL,DEPT PATOL,ESCUELA MED VET,HEREDIA,COSTA RICA. UNIV NACL,CATEDRA CLIN ESPECIES MAYORES,ESCUELA MED VET,HEREDIA,COSTA RICA. AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 11 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 1996 VL 208 IS 2 BP 263 EP & PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TP474 UT WOS:A1996TP47400024 PM 8567387 ER PT J AU VanderHart, DL Hyatt, JA Atalla, RH Tirumalai, VC AF VanderHart, DL Hyatt, JA Atalla, RH Tirumalai, VC TI Solid-state C-13 NMR and Raman studies of cellulose triacetate: Oligomers, polymorphism, and inferences about chain polarity SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NATIVE CELLULOSE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; PACKING ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; RESOLUTION; POLYSACCHARIDES; TRANSFORMATION; ACETATES AB C-13 CPMAS NMR and Raman spectra have been taken for oligomers (DP = 2-9) and several preparations of cellulose triacetate (CTA). CTA exhibits polymorphism and the NMR spectra of the CTA(I) and CTA(II) allomorphs along with the spectrum of noncrystalline CTA have been isolated. Magnetic inequivalence within the unit cell of CTA(II) is greater than for CTA(I), indicating a lower symmetry in the CTA(II) unit cell. An attempt is made to correlate some of the NMR resonances with proposed X-ray crystal structures for each of these allomorphs. From both the Raman and the NMR spectra of the oligomers, in comparison with the different CTA preparations, it is determined that the pentamer and higher oligomers crystallize into the CTA(I) lattice. On the basis of the Raman spectra, it is argued that CTA(I) and CTA(II) are distinguished by backbone conformational differences. In a single attempt to explore the role of the solvent in determining the crystal habit of the oligomers, the pentamer persisted in the CTA(I) lattice even when crystallization took place in dibenzyl ether, the solvent out of which the CTA polymer forms CTA(II) crystallites. Based on these findings, an approach to obtaining a definitive crystal structure of CTA(I) would be to grow and perform a structural determination on a single crystal of an oligomer of DP > 4. Spectra of these oligomers indicated partial crystallinity; hence, care must be taken in growing single crystals. Since it is known that there is a correlation between the allomorphs of CTA formed by heterogeneous acetylation and the allomorphs of the precursor, cellulose, and since there are still points of ambiguity regarding the crystal structures of the allomorphs of cellulose and CTA, the topic of chain polarity (directionality) is addressed herein. As a contribution to the dialogue on the structure of these materials, we present plausibility arguments, i.e., not definitive arguments, that CTA(I) has parallel and CTA(II) antiparallel chain character. C1 EASTMAN CHEM CO,RES LABS,KINGSPORT,TN 37662. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP VanderHart, DL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 15 PY 1996 VL 29 IS 2 BP 730 EP 739 DI 10.1021/ma9501860 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TQ379 UT WOS:A1996TQ37900030 ER PT J AU Variyam, JN Blaylock, J Smallwood, DM AF Variyam, JN Blaylock, J Smallwood, DM TI Modelling nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and diet-disease awareness: The case of dietary fibre SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROBIT MODEL; VARIABLES AB Understanding how nutrition knowledge and attitudes vary across different population groups is critical for designing and evaluating nutrition education programmes and monitoring the nation's progress toward dietary goals. In this paper we use the Diet and Health Knowledge component of the USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals to examine consumer knowledge of dietary fibre, fibre consumption attitudes and the awareness of fibre-related health problems. We use a latent variable probit model to estimate the relationships between an individuals's socio-demographic characteristics and his or her fibre knowledge, attitude and disease-awareness. The results suggest that the demographic profile of persons least knowlegeable about the fibre content of foods is low income, male, Black, Hispanic, smoker and low education levels. Add to this list younger individuals and one has a good description of those who lack information on the importance of eating plenty of grain products as well as those who lack awareness of fibre/disease links. The research suggests that messages about increasing fibre intake may have greatest success when targeted to individuals with some or all of these characteristics. RP Variyam, JN (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,RM 1108,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960115)15:1<23::AID-SIM145>3.3.CO;2-1 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA TN711 UT WOS:A1996TN71100002 PM 8614743 ER PT J AU Whittaker, MM Kersten, PJ Nakamura, N SandersLoehr, J Schweizer, ES Whittaker, JW AF Whittaker, MM Kersten, PJ Nakamura, N SandersLoehr, J Schweizer, ES Whittaker, JW TI Glyoxal oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a new radical-copper oxidase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN-DEGRADING ENZYME; GALACTOSE-OXIDASE; DACTYLIUM-DENDROIDES; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; ACTIVE-SITE; RESONANCE; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; INVOLVEMENT; ACTIVATION AB A free radical-coupled copper complex has been identified as the catalytic structure in the active site of glyoxal oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium based on a combination of spectroscopic and biochemical studies, The native (inactive) enzyme is activated by oxidants leading to the elimination of the cupric EPR signal consistent with formation of an antiferromagnetically coupled radical-copper complex, Oxidation also leads to the appearance of a substoichiometric free radical EPR signal with an average g value (g(av) = 2.0055) characteristic of phenoxyl pi-radicals arising from a minority apoenzyme fraction, Optical absorption, CD, and spectroelectrochemical measurements on the active enzyme reveal complex spectra extending into the near IR and define the redox potential for radical formation (E(1/2) = 0.64 V versus NHE, pH 7.0), Resonance Raman spectra have identified the signature of a modified (cysteinyl-tyrosine) phenoxyl in the vibrational spectra of the active complex, This radical-copper motif has previously been found only in galactose oxidase, with which glyoxal oxidase shares many properties despite lacking obvious sequence identity, and catalyzing a distinct reaction, The enzymes thus represent members of a growing class of free radical metalloenzymes based on the radical-copper catalytic motif and appear to represent functional variants that have evolved to distinct catalytic roles. C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,PORTLAND,OR 97291. RI Nakamura, Nobuhumi/C-1972-2013 OI Nakamura, Nobuhumi/0000-0002-5373-2972 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 18865, GM 46749] NR 50 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 1996 VL 271 IS 2 BP 681 EP 687 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TP889 UT WOS:A1996TP88900016 PM 8557673 ER PT J AU Li, W Skinner, DZ Liang, GH AF Li, W Skinner, DZ Liang, GH TI An efficient method of isolating mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA from higher plants SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; GENOME; SORGHUM; POACEAE AB Simultaneously isolating chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA was made from higher plants (monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous). The procedure is rapid, requiring about 6 h to complete; relatively inexpensive, requiring no ultracentrifugation or column chromatography, and broadly applicable, The DNA isolated is of high quality, readily cleaved with restriction enzymes, and efficiently cloned into plasmid vectors. This procedure should prove useful to researchers studying plant organellar DNA as a tool in evolutionary, taxonomic or genetic analysis. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Li, W (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,GENET PROGRAM,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 1996 VL 70 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UC789 UT WOS:A1996UC78900023 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA DeLucca, AJ Bland, J Elliott, S AF Brogden, KA DeLucca, AJ Bland, J Elliott, S TI Isolation of an ovine pulmonary surfactant-associated anionic peptide bactericidal for Pasteurella haemolytica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RABBIT LUNG MACROPHAGES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE; PURIFICATION; ANTIBIOTICS; DEFENSINS; LEUKOCYTE; SYSTEM; LAVAGE; FLUID AB Ovine pulmonary surfactant is bactericidal for Pasteurella haemolytica when surfactant and bacteria mixtures are incubated with normal ovine serum, To isolate this component, surfactant (1 mg/ml) was centrifuged at 100,000 x g(av), and the supernatant was fractionated by HPLC. Fractions were eluted with acetonitrile (10-100%)/0.1% trifluoracetic acid and tested for bactericidal activity, Amino acid and sequence analysis of three bactericidal fractions showed that fraction 2 contained H-GDDDDDD-OH, fraction 3 contained H-DDDDDDD-OH, and fraction 5 contained H-GADDDDD-OH. Peptides in 0.14 M NaCl/10 mu M ZnCl2 (zinc saline solution) induced killing of P, haemolytica and other bacteria comparable to defensins and beta-defensins [minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)(50) range, 0.01-0.06 mM] but not in 0.14 M NaCl/10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2/0.5 mM CaCl2/0.15 mM MgCl2 (MBC(50) range, 2.8-11.5 mM). Bactericidal activity resided in the core aspartate hexapeptide homopolymeric region, and MBC(50) values of aspartate dipeptide-to-heptapeptide homopolymers were inversely proportional to the number of aspartate residues in the peptide, P, haemolytica incubated with H-DDDDDD-OH in zinc saline solution was killed within 30 min, Ultrastructurally, cells contained flocculated intracellular constituents, In contrast to cationic defensins and beta-defensins, surfactant-associated anionic peptides are smaller in size, opposite in charge, and are bactericidal in zinc saline solution, They are members of another class of peptide antibiotics containing aspartate, which when present in pulmonary secretions may help clear bacteria as a part of the innate pulmonary defense system. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,PROT FACIL,AMES,IA 50011. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 72 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 9 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 1 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1073/pnas.93.1.412 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TP367 UT WOS:A1996TP36700082 PM 8552650 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Ksander, GG AF Spencer, DF Ksander, GG TI Growth and carbon utilization by sprouted propagules of two species of submersed rooted aquatic plants grown in darkness SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE tuber; winter bud; carbon budget; sprouting; aquatic plant management ID DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; LIGHT AB Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle tubers from monoecious plants and Potamogeton gramineus L. winter buds were sprouted and allowed to grow in the dark for 120 days. We measured plant length and counted the number of leaves at 2-3 day intervals. Hydrilla grew most rapidly during the first 16-17 days and Potamogeton grew most rapidly during the first 16-25 days. Measurement of propagule carbon content over time indicated that cessation of rapid growth coincided with depletion of tuber carbon by one-half for Hydrilla. For Potamogeton, growth was reduced after 16 to 25 days while the winter bud C half-life was 37 days. Calculations indicated that Hydrilla mobilized 49% and Potamogeton 39% of the initial propagule carbon to support growth. In a second experiment, in which plants were grown in substrate the plants grew taller and produced slightly more leaves per plant. Potamogeton removed from darkness after specified time periods, and allowed to grow for 21 days in a greenhouse recovered from 20-30 days in the dark. Similarly treated Hydrilla plants recovered from up to 80 days in the dark. Potamogeton had mobilized 79% of initial C by the time it was unable to recover from the dark treatment. Combined results for both species indicate that the majority of propagule C was utilized in the first 16 to 30 days following sprouting. In conjunction with an understanding propagule sprouting requirements, this information will be useful in the timing of application for management techniques. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,AGR RES SERV,USDA,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,WEED SCI PROGRAM,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN 5 PY 1996 VL 317 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF00013727 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TX316 UT WOS:A1996TX31600007 ER PT J AU Zitnan, D Kingan, TG Hermesman, JL Adams, ME AF Zitnan, D Kingan, TG Hermesman, JL Adams, ME TI Identification of ecdysis-triggering hormone from an epitracheal endocrine system SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; ECLOSION HORMONE; MOTOR PATTERN; CARDIOACTIVE PEPTIDE; NEURAL ORGANIZATION; TOBACCO HORNWORM; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; METAMORPHOSIS; ANTIBODIES; DROSOPHILA AB Developing insects repeatedly shed their cuticle by means of a stereotyped behavior called ecdysis, thought to be initiated by the brain peptide eclosion hormone. Here an ecdysis-triggering hormone, Mas-ETH, is described from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Mas-ETH contains 26 amino acids and is produced by a segmentally distributed endocrine system of epitracheal glands (EGs). The EGs undergo a marked reduction in volume, appearance, and immunohistochemical staining during ecdysis, at which time Mas-ETH is found in the hemolymph. Injection of EGs extract or synthetic Mas-ETH into pharate larvae, pupae,or adults initiates preecdysis within 2 to 10 minutes, followed by ecdysis. Sensitivity to injected Mas-ETH appears much earlier before ecdysis and occurs with shorter latency than that reported for eclosion hormone. The isolated central nervous system responds to Mas-ETH, but not to eclosion hormone, with patterned motor bursting corresponding to in vivo preecdysis and ecdysis. Mas-ETH may be an immediate blood-borne trigger for ecdysis through a direct action on the nervous system. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,AGR EXPT STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BIOL SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. NR 23 TC 149 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 5 PY 1996 VL 271 IS 5245 BP 88 EP 91 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TP022 UT WOS:A1996TP02200050 PM 8539606 ER PT B AU Schaefer, GL Werner, JG AF Schaefer, GL Werner, JG GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI SNOTEL into the year 2000 SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY: JOINT SESSION WITH FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology/5th Symposium on Education CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,DATA RESOURCES TEAM,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 376 EP 379 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BF41N UT WOS:A1996BF41N00086 ER PT B AU McMurtrey, JE Corp, LA Chappelle, EW Kim, MS AF McMurtrey, JE Corp, LA Chappelle, EW Kim, MS BE Chang, JS Lee, JH Lee, SY Nam, CH TI Determining laser induced fluorescence excitation wavelengths for detection of stress in vegetation SO 17TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: OPTICS FOR SCIENCE AND NEW TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics - Optics for Science and New Technology CY AUG 19-23, 1996 CL TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Commiss Opt, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2164-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2778 BP 594 EP 595 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG45E UT WOS:A1996BG45E00286 ER PT J AU Birdsey, RA Hom, JL Emery, M AF Birdsey, RA Hom, JL Emery, M BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI The Northern Global Change Research Program SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Birdsey, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00001 ER PT J AU Coleman, MD Dickson, RE Isebrands, JG AF Coleman, MD Dickson, RE Isebrands, JG BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Root growth and respiration of aspen in response to ozone and elevated carbon dioxide SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00006 ER PT J AU Isebrands, JG Karnosky, DF AF Isebrands, JG Karnosky, DF BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Interacting effects of ozone and CO2 on growth and physiological processes in northern forest trees SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Isebrands, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00008 ER PT J AU Rebbeck, J AF Rebbeck, J BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI The chronic response of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine to ozone and elevated carbon dioxide: Three-year summary SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Rebbeck, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00009 ER PT J AU Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ AF Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on response of pitch pine grown at different nutrient levels to aluminum SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Schier, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NEFES,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00010 ER PT J AU Tomlinson, PT Anderson, PD AF Tomlinson, PT Anderson, PD BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Elevated CO2 compensates for water stress in northern red oak SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Tomlinson, PT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,5985 HIGHWAY K,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00011 ER PT J AU VanSambeek, JW Preece, JE Navarrete, NE Rink, G AF VanSambeek, JW Preece, JE Navarrete, NE Rink, G BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Physiological and genotypic responses of central hardwood species to allelochemicals, other stresses, and their interactions SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP VanSambeek, JW (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,USDA,FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00018 ER PT J AU Hom, JL Krywult, M Bytnerowicz, A Pearcy, KE AF Hom, JL Krywult, M Bytnerowicz, A Pearcy, KE BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Internal uptake and assimilation of gaseous nitric acid by Western forest tree species SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Hom, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00022 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Shortle, WC Lawrence, GB David, MB Minocha, SC AF Minocha, R Shortle, WC Lawrence, GB David, MB Minocha, SC BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Putrescine: A marker of stress in red spruce trees SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Minocha, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 119 EP 130 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00029 ER PT J AU Verry, ES AF Verry, ES BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Methane evolution from Minnesota peatlands SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Verry, ES (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00038 ER PT J AU Sutherland, EK Yaussy, DA Boerner, REJ AF Sutherland, EK Yaussy, DA Boerner, REJ BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Mortality patterns in oak forests along a climatic and acid deposition gradient SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Sutherland, EK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00041 ER PT J AU Solomon, DS Leak, WB AF Solomon, DS Leak, WB BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Evaluation of methodology for detecting/predicting migration of forest species SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Solomon, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00043 ER PT J AU Heilman, WE AF Heilman, WE BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Overview of current research on atmospheric interactions with wildland fires SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Heilman, WE (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00046 ER PT J AU Heilman, WE AF Heilman, WE BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Synoptic circulation and temperature pattern during severe wildland fires SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Heilman, WE (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,ROOM 220,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00047 ER PT J AU Potter, BE AF Potter, BE BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Atmospheric mesoscale simulations of regional wildland fire episodes: Looking for weather-related factors and scales of interaction SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Potter, BE (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00048 ER PT J AU Rolinger, JL Strong, TF AF Rolinger, JL Strong, TF BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Carbon storage in managed forests of the northern Great Lake States SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Rolinger, JL (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1831 HIGHWAY 169E,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00050 ER PT B AU Pouyat, RV Groffman, PM Carreiro, MM Bohlen, P Parmelee, RW AF Pouyat, RV Groffman, PM Carreiro, MM Bohlen, P Parmelee, RW BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Temperature and earthworm effects on C and N dynamics in oak stands along an urban-rural land use gradient SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Pouyat, RV (reprint author), SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,USDA,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00051 ER PT B AU Iverson, LR Prasad, AMG Scott, CT AF Iverson, LR Prasad, AMG Scott, CT BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Preparation of Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and State Soil Geographic data base (STATSGO) data for global change research in the eastern United States SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00052 ER PT J AU Sutherland, EK Hale, BJ Hix, DM AF Sutherland, EK Hale, BJ Hix, DM BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Regeneration attributes of tree species in the central hardwoods type SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Sutherland, EK (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00053 ER PT B AU Williams, DW Liebhold, AM AF Williams, DW Liebhold, AM BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Herbivorous insects and climate change: Potential changes in the spatial distribution of forest defoliator outbreaks SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Williams, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00054 ER PT J AU Barrett, HR AF Barrett, HR BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Catalog of long-term research conducted within the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Barrett, HR (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00056 ER PT J AU Smith, KT Shortle, WC Minocha, R Alexeyev, VA AF Smith, KT Shortle, WC Minocha, R Alexeyev, VA BE Hom, J Birdsey, R OBrian, K TI Dynamics of calcium concentration in stemwood of red spruce and Siberian fir SO 1995 MEETING OF THE NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Northern-Global-Change-Program CY MAR 14-16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP No Global Change Program RP Smith, KT (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 214 BP 230 EP 238 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65J UT WOS:A1996BF65J00060 ER PT S AU Williams, MJ Hamond, AC AF Williams, MJ Hamond, AC BE Williams, MJ TI Continuous intensive grazing management of bahiagrass pastures for cows and calves SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Williams, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300019 ER PT S AU Feldhake, CM AF Feldhake, CM BE Williams, MJ TI Methods for quantifying pasture drought SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council ID RED AB Drought is a major cause of less than optimal forage production from pasture even in regions with high annual rainfall. Developing better management strategies to maximize production and preserve the health of desirable pasture species is dependent on reliable methods of quantifying drought. Two large monolith lysimeters were used in conjunction with rain-out shelters to quantify the response of tall fescue (Festuca arundenacea Schreb.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) to drought. Decreases in evapotranspiration as a result of drought were correlated with changes in the reflected spectra. Visual estimates of the percent dead biomass within the plant canopies were also highly correlated with evapotranspiration. Other methods with potential for reliable quantification of drought include use of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) and surface soil temperature. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, POB 867, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300022 ER PT S AU Belesky, DP Turner, KE Fedders, JM AF Belesky, DP Turner, KE Fedders, JM BE Williams, MJ TI Productivity and quality of grazed chicory-orchardgrass swards SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council ID CICHORIUM-INTYBUS; GROWTH AB Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a highly productive forage that seems well suited for inclusion in intensively managed pasture in the Appalachian Region. The cultivar Grasslands Puna was used successfully in grazed pure stand; however, it most likely will be grown in association with grasses and legumes in botanically complex sward. While remarkable productivity and liveweight gains are possible with chicory, little is known about seasonal distribution of nutrients and energy in the plant under rotationally stocked conditions. A grazing experiment was conducted to evaluate lamb productivity and nutritive composition of a chicory-orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) mixture compared 'to an orchardgrass dominant sward. Dry matter productivity of orchardgrass and chicory-orchardgrass swards were comparable at the outset of the grazing interval with initial pre-graze yields of about 2000 1b/acre. Regrowth yields were 55% of initial herbage mass for the chicory-orchardgrass mix, while orchardgrass was about 75%. The proportion of dead tissue increased in orchardgrass canopies and may reflect changes in herbage mass occurring in response to weather conditions or source-sink allocation. chicory preferentially after they became accustomed to the forage. Orchardgrass and chicory-orchardgrass paddocks supported about 1.2 animal units over a 33-d interval in mid summer when growth of other forage species was severely restricted by hot, dry weather conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300038 ER PT S AU Turner, KE Belesky, DP Foster, JG AF Turner, KE Belesky, DP Foster, JG BE Williams, MJ TI Nutritive value of orchardgrass, orchardgrass-chicory, and orchardgrass-white clover silages with and without fermentation additive SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council ID ACID AB An experiment was conducted to determine nutritive value of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.; OG), orchadgrass plus white clover (Trifolium repens L.; OG+CL), and orchardgrass plus chicory (Cichorium intybus L.; OG+CHIC) herbages harvested in the fall and ensiled with and without a commercial silage inoculum, There were no effects due to inoculation (P > .10) on nutritive value or organic acid parameters examined in this study. The N (mean 3.1%)and ash (mean 13.2%) concentrations were similar in all silages, The OG+CHIC silage had lower (P < .05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (46.6%) compared to OG and OG+CL silages which were similar (mean 53.9%), The in vitro organic matter dissapearance (IVOMD) was lower GP < .05) for OG silage (63.4%) compared to OG+CL and OG+CHIC silages which were similar (mean 67.1%), The OG+CHIC herbage tended to have more total nonstructural carbohydrates which resulted in greater (p < .05) lactic acid (93.1%) and lower(P < .05) acetic acid (6.9%) production when ensiled compared to OG silage (90.6% and 9.4%, respectively) and OG+CL silage (89.4% and 10.6%, respectively). In our experiment, ensiling fall growth of OG, OG+CL, and OG+CHIC resulted in silages with good fermentation characteristics and nutritive value. Further research is needed to determine palatability of non-traditional silage (i,e, chicory) and its influence on performance of livestock. In addition research must address N-use efficiency of livestock consuming silages made from traditional and non-traditional herbages. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, NAA, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. RP Turner, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, NAA, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 166 EP 170 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300043 ER PT S AU Rotz, CA Gupta, US AF Rotz, CA Gupta, US BE Williams, MJ TI DAFOSYM for Windows (R): A teaching aid in forage system management SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council AB DAFOSYM is a simulation model of the dairy forage system. The model was written as a research tool for evaluating and comparing alternative technologies for the dairy farm, A simulation over 25 years of weather provides a prediction of the long term performance and economics of a dairy farm system. By simulating more than one system for the same base farm and weather data, performance and economic results can be compared to determine the best system. A Windows(R) version of the model is now available that provides a teaching aid for use in classrooms and Extension workshops. The model illustrates the complexity of the many interactions among components of the dairy farm. By working with the model, the user can learn how changes in forage production impact other components of the farm and the overall performance and economics of the farm. For the experienced user, the model may also provide information useful for strategic planning of dairy farms. DAFOSYM is published and distributed by the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. The model is available without charge through the World Wide Web from the home page of the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center (http://www.dfrc.wisc.edu). C1 US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 182 EP 186 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300048 ER PT S AU Stout, WL Elwinger, GF Fales, SL Muller, LD Schnabel, RR Priddy, WE AF Stout, WL Elwinger, GF Fales, SL Muller, LD Schnabel, RR Priddy, WE BE Williams, MJ TI Nitrate leaching from intensively grazed pastures SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council AB To maintain farm profitability in the face of rising costs, tighter environmental constraints, and decreasing Federal support, some researchers and extension specialists in the Northeast are advocating the use of intensive grazing on dairy farms. While intensive grazing has the potential to increase profitability, high rates of N used in this system and the uneven recycling of this N through feces and urine can increase NO, leaching. Since the three major sources of NO3- leaching loss from pasture to the groundwater are from fertilizer N, urine, and feces, we measured NO3- leaching loss from these sources in N-fertilized orchardgrass using 2 ft diameter by 3 ft deep drainage lysimeters. For the first two years of the collection period, NO3-N losses were 14.2, 17.8, 163, 147, 228 lb/acre/year for the control, feces,and spring summer and fall applied urine. Mean NO,N levels in leachate beneath these areas were 5.5, 8.3, 87, 69, and 121 ppm for the control, feces, and spring, summer and fall applied urine. Extrapolation of the available two years of data over the pasture indicates that a grazing intensity for a 180-day grazing season in the order of 100 animal (mature Holstein cow) days (AD) acre/year will result in a leachate of 10 ppm of NO3-N (the U.S. EPA Drinking Water Standard) under pasture fertilized with 200 lb N/acre. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stout, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 216 EP 220 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300056 ER PT S AU Burson, BL Hussey, MK AF Burson, BL Hussey, MK BE Williams, MJ TI Breeding apomictic forage grasses SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council ID HYBRIDIZATION AB Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction where seed are produced without the union of the male and female gametes. In apomictic species, rare sexual plants or plants capable of both sexual and apomictic reproduction (facultative apomixis) have been used as female parents in breeding programs. The fertilization of unreduced female gametes (2n+n or B-III hybridization) has also been reported to occur at low frequencies in apomictic species. While B-III hybridization is recognized as an important speciation mechanism, its utility as a tool in plant improvement programs is largely undocumented. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the forage production potential of n+n (B-II) and 2n+n (B-III) interspecific hybrids between Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb. and P. mezianum Leeke, To accomplish this, P. flaccidum (PI 315868), P. mezianum (PI 214061) and 10 2n+n and 10 n+n P. flaccidum x P. mezianum hybrids were evaluated for 2 years in a replicated test. On the average, the n+n and 2n+n hybrids produced 2.4 and 5.3 times more forage, respectively than the two parents. These findings indicate that 2n+n fertilization has potential in breeding apomictic grasses when sexual germplasm is not available for conventional hybridization. C1 USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Burson, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 226 EP 230 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300058 ER PT S AU Belesky, DP Foster, JG Turner, KE AF Belesky, DP Foster, JG Turner, KE BE Williams, MJ TI Nonstructural carbohydrates and growth characteristics of Lathyrus tuberosus, L. SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council AB Legumes make important contributions to the diversity and sustainability of hill-land pasture. However, their introduction into acidic, often times shallow soils of the Appalachian region is confronted by a range of physical and chemical challenges. The search for legumes that are tolerant of edaphic constraints has led to potentially useful prospects in the genus Lathyrus such as L.tuberosus L., or tuberous vetchling. Virtually nothing is known about the agronomic characteristics of the species. In our experiment, field grown accessions were sampled to determine seasonal distribution of nonstructural carbohydrates. A productive accession was then selected and grown in the greenhouse Ear a detailed analysis of photosynthate distribution and growth in response to P. Tubers of field grown accessions averaged about 50% simple nonstructural carbohydrate throughout the growth intervals sampled. Starch concentrations in tubers ranged from 20 to about 40% by the end of the growth interval. Increase in tuber starch concentration coincided with a decline in simple sugar concentration. Nonstructural carbohydrates of herbage remained relatively constant at 10% across the interval. Field grown herbage mass was minimal and plants had to compete with encroaching weeds. Response to applied P (in terms of dry matter) was minimal. Tuber numbers were not influenced by P but mass per tuber increased with increasing P before biweekly defoliation was imposed. Tuber sizes were similar at the end of the 80-d growth interval and probably were involved in photosynthate remobilization to sustain herbage growth. Apparent iron chlorosis impaired growth and was alleviated by foliar Fe application as well as by adjusting soil pH to 5.5 by acidification. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 236 EP 239 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300060 ER PT S AU Pederson, GA Brink, GE AF Pederson, GA Brink, GE BE Williams, MJ TI Effects of cyanogenesis on white clover seedling establishment SO 1996 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PROCEEDINGS: FORAGES - PACIFIC NORTHWEST TO PACIFIC RIM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Forage and Grassland Conference CY JUN 13-15, 1996 CL VANCOVER, CANADA SP Amer Forage Grassland Council, British Columbia Forage Council C1 USDA ARS, CSRL, Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pederson, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, CSRL, Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1996 VL 5 BP 245 EP 245 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BQ88Q UT WOS:000089938300062 ER PT S AU Abubakr, S Hardesty, J Snellgrove, T Mumper, D Heisenbuttel, J Hoffman, W Selzer, L Owen, C Parker, PE AF Abubakr, S Hardesty, J Snellgrove, T Mumper, D Heisenbuttel, J Hoffman, W Selzer, L Owen, C Parker, PE GP TAPPI TI Sustainable forestry through partnerships among the environmental community, industry, and government SO 1996 INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE BOOKS 1 AND 2: PARTNERS IN GLOBAL STEWARDSHIP SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Environmental Conference on Partners in Global Stewardship CY MAY 05-08, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP TAPPI C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-662-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1996 BP 825 EP 827 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BF57G UT WOS:A1996BF57G00110 ER PT S AU Springer, EL AF Springer, EL GP TAPPI TI Delignification of aspen wood and pine kraft pulp with peroxymonophosphoric acid SO 1996 INTERNATIONAL PULP BLEACHING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Pulp Bleaching Conference CY APR 14-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP TAPPI C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-661-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1996 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF46K UT WOS:A1996BF46K00046 ER PT S AU Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH Reiner, RS Moen, MA Hammel, KE Hill, CL Houtman, CJ AF Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH Reiner, RS Moen, MA Hammel, KE Hill, CL Houtman, CJ GP TAPPI TI Polyoxometalate delignification of kraft pulp: Kinetics and mechanism SO 1996 INTERNATIONAL PULP BLEACHING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Pulp Bleaching Conference CY APR 14-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP TAPPI C1 USDA,US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-661-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1996 BP 481 EP 483 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF46K UT WOS:A1996BF46K00059 ER PT S AU Agarwal, UP Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA AF Agarwal, UP Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA GP TAPPI TI Ft Raman spectroscopy: A rapid noninvasive technique for direct measurement of lignin in kraft pulp SO 1996 INTERNATIONAL PULP BLEACHING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Pulp Bleaching Conference CY APR 14-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP TAPPI C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,US FOREST SERV,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-661-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1996 BP 531 EP 535 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF46K UT WOS:A1996BF46K00070 ER PT S AU Schmidt, WF Line, MJ AF Schmidt, WF Line, MJ GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Physical and chemical structures of poultry feather fiber fractions in fiber process development SO 1996 NONWOVENS CONFERENCE SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Nonwovens Conference CY 1996 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind C1 USDA ARS,ECL,NRI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-658-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1996 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BG64P UT WOS:A1996BG64P00028 ER PT S AU Moreau, JP Morton, GP Calamari, TA AF Moreau, JP Morton, GP Calamari, TA GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Needlepunched treated cotton fibers with enhanced absorbency SO 1996 NONWOVENS CONFERENCE SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Nonwovens Conference CY 1996 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-658-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1996 BP 157 EP 170 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BG64P UT WOS:A1996BG64P00031 ER PT S AU Abubakr, S Bormett, DW Klungness, J Sutherland, NR Fatah, A Kunar, R AF Abubakr, S Bormett, DW Klungness, J Sutherland, NR Fatah, A Kunar, R GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Recycling of three holographic stamp stocks SO 1996 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Pulping Conference CY OCT 27-31, 1996 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-672-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1996 BP 407 EP 417 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG62E UT WOS:A1996BG62E00040 ER PT S AU Abubakr, SM Reichert, TW Hrutfiord, BF McKean, WT AF Abubakr, SM Reichert, TW Hrutfiord, BF McKean, WT GP TAPPI TI Mechanism of retention of metal cations in linerboard and never-dried pulps SO 1996 RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Recycling Symposium CY MAR 03-06, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP TAPPI C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-657-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1996 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF21D UT WOS:A1996BF21D00008 ER PT B AU Stetson, LE Hicks, JK Fussell, MT AF Stetson, LE Hicks, JK Fussell, MT GP IEEE TI Forty years of the IEEE Rural Electric Power Committee 1955-1995 SO 1996 RURAL ELECTRIC POWER CONFERENCE SE RURAL ELECTRIC POWER CONFERENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Annual Rural Electric Power Conference CY APR 28-30, 1996 CL FT WORTH, TX SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc, Rural Elect Power Comm C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3047-1 J9 RUR ELEC P PY 1996 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF52G UT WOS:A1996BF52G00004 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS AF Sharratt, BS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Surface energy budget of forest versus crop land in the subarctic SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS,MORRIS,MN 56267. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 190 EP 192 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00059 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH AF Sauer, TJ Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Radiant energy exchange at a corn residue-covered surface SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,MWA,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00069 ER PT J AU Actemeier, GL AF Actemeier, GL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Results from a field study of Florida sugar cane prescribed fires SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 268 EP 271 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00079 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL AF Achtemeier, GL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A numerical model for predicting ash fall from sugar cane SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 284 EP 287 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00083 ER PT B AU Lavdas, LG Jackson, WA Harms, MF AF Lavdas, LG Jackson, WA Harms, MF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI VSMOKE - A forestry smoke dispersion algorithm with GIS interface SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 292 EP 295 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00086 ER PT J AU Burgan, RE Bradshaw, LS AF Burgan, RE Bradshaw, LS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Weather needs for the wildland fire assessment system SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA,INTERMT RES STN,FOREST SERV,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 325 EP 328 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00096 ER PT J AU Johnson, G Hanson, C Lu, YY Richardson, C AF Johnson, G Hanson, C Lu, YY Richardson, C GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Spatially relevant stochastic weather simulation model development for biological and hydrological applications SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS,BOISE,ID 83712. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 369 EP 372 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00111 ER PT B AU Zeller, K Hehn, T AF Zeller, K Hehn, T GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Ozone fluxes and profiles above a subalpine spruce-fir forest: Summer and winter SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 395 EP 396 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00119 ER PT J AU Heilman, WE Zasada, JC Teclaw, RM Buckley, DS AF Heilman, WE Zasada, JC Teclaw, RM Buckley, DS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Harvesting effects on the microclimate of northern hardwood forests in the upper Great Lakes region SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00120 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL AF Achtemeier, GL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The maiden flight of ten thousand mechanical bugs SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 425 EP 429 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00127 ER PT B AU Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W AF Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI UVB and PAR in the vicinity of urban trees and buildings SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,USDA,FOREST SERV,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 460 EP 461 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00138 ER PT J AU Simpson, JR McPherson, EG AF Simpson, JR McPherson, EG GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Estimating urban forest impacts on climate-mediated residential energy use SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,USDA,FOREST SERV,WESTERN CTR URBAN FOREST RES,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 462 EP 465 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00139 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Flerchinger, GN Spaans, EJA AF Baker, JM Flerchinger, GN Spaans, EJA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Sensible heat exchange during snowmelt: Measurement and simulation SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP J8 EP J11 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00149 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Sauer, TJ AF Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Sauer, TJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Surface resistance of agricultural canopies SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP J79 EP J80 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00170 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ Weil, JC AF Massman, WJ Weil, JC GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI An analytical second-order closure model of turbulent statistics within and above plant canopies SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP J60 EP J65 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00165 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Hatfield, JL Humes, KS Sauer, TJ AF Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Hatfield, JL Humes, KS Sauer, TJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Surface energy partitioning in the Little Washita during 1994 SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP J89 EP J90 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00173 ER PT B AU Sadler, EJ AF Sadler, EJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Considerations for determining leaf wetness using infrared thermometry in humid regions SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29501. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP J6 EP J7 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00148 ER PT J AU Zhan, X Kustas, WP AF Zhan, X Kustas, WP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Modeling CO2, water vapor and sensible heat fluxes over land surface using remote sensing data SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL & FOREST METEOROLOGY WITH SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE & FOREST METEOROLOGY/12TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY & AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP J85 EP J88 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF44H UT WOS:A1996BF44H00172 ER PT S AU Klevay, LM AF Klevay, LM BE Tilson, MD Boyd, CD TI Trace elements, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aneurysms SO ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM: GENETICS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Molecular Biology CY MAR 07-09, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NY SP New York Acad Sci ID EXPERIMENTAL COPPER DEPLETION; AORTIC-ANEURYSMS; DISEASE; ZINC; CHOLESTEROL; INHIBITORS; MATRIX; PLASMA; RATS; DIET RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-051-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 800 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33317.x PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BH23N UT WOS:A1996BH23N00024 PM 8959000 ER PT J AU Bugarski, D Cuperlovic, K Lunney, JK AF Bugarski, D Cuperlovic, K Lunney, JK TI MHC (SLA) class I antigen phenotype and resistance to T-spiralis infection in swine: A potential relationship SO ACTA VETERINARIA-BEOGRAD LA English DT Article DE Trichinella spiralis; MHC phenotype; resistance ID TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; CELL SUBSETS; GENETIC-CONTROL; MICE; IMMUNITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SECRETION; MOUSE AB A possible relationship between parasite specific immune response and swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I phenotype was investigated in outbred domestic swine experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis. The immune response was monitored by analysing the changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets, the development of a humoral anti-parasite response and muscle larvae (ML) burden. Potentially important differences in the capacity to resist the infection were seen in swine whose cells express the determinant recognized by monoclonal antibody (mAb), 2. 12. 3; this mAb reacts with an allele of the swine major histocompatibility, or SLA, complex class I antigen. The frequency of pigs which express the 2. 12. 3 phenotype in two Yugoslav swine breeds was 0.56 and 0.33. Evidence suggests that 2.12.3-positive swine exhibit a lower burden of T. spiralis muscle larvae in tongue and/or diaphragm, as well as a delayed development of an antibody response to T. spiralis ML excretory-secretory antigens, after a low level primary infection. These results indicate a genetic basis for resistance to primary T. spiralis inoculation. Further experiments will be necessary to confirm whether such a linkage can be established; this would facilitate selection and identification of T. spiralis resistant swine for breeding and prophylactic purposes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Bugarski, D (reprint author), INEP,INST APPLICAT NUCL ENERGY,BANATSKA 31B,YU-11080 ZEMUN,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY FACULTY PI BELGRADE PA BULEVAR JNA 18, 11000 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0567-8315 J9 ACTA VET-BEOGRAD JI Acta Vet.-Beogr. PY 1996 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 125 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UW083 UT WOS:A1996UW08300008 ER PT S AU Doran, JW Sarrantonio, M Liebig, MA AF Doran, JW Sarrantonio, M Liebig, MA BE Sparks, DL TI Soil health and sustainability SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 56 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID FARMERS PERSPECTIVE; QUALITY; AGRICULTURE; EARTHWORMS; INDEX; FOOD; CROP; DEGRADATION; INDICATORS; RESIDUES C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT AGRON, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. RODALE INST, RES CTR, KUTZTOWN, PA 19530 USA. RP Doran, JW (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA, USDA ARS, SOIL WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 192 TC 224 Z9 287 U1 8 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000756-8 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 1996 VL 56 BP 1 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60178-9 PG 54 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BF47R UT WOS:A1996BF47R00001 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW AF Widstrom, NW TI The aflatoxin problem with corn grain SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 56 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID GREENISH-YELLOW FLUORESCENCE; NATURALLY CONTAMINATED CORN; HIGH-MOISTURE CORN; SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS INFECTION; MAIZE WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; INSECT-DAMAGED CORN; HUMAN LIVER CANCER; PREHARVEST CORN; ZEA-MAYS RP Widstrom, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 385 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 1996 VL 56 BP 219 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60183-2 PG 62 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BF47R UT WOS:A1996BF47R00006 ER PT J AU Kumar, PA Sharma, RP Malik, VS AF Kumar, PA Sharma, RP Malik, VS TI The insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 42 SE ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN GENE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; BUTTERFLY PIERIS-BRASSICAE; XYLI SUBSP CYNODONTIS; SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT; MANDUCA-SEXTA MIDGUT; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER C1 USDA,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Kumar, PA (reprint author), INDIAN AGR RES INST,NATL RES CTR PLANT BIOTECHNOL,NEW DELHI 110012,INDIA. RI P, Anantakumar/D-3605-2009 NR 317 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2164 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv.Appl.Microbiol. PY 1996 VL 42 BP 1 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70371-X PG 43 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BG66T UT WOS:A1996BG66T00001 PM 8865583 ER PT S AU Wodzinski, RJ Ullah, AHJ AF Wodzinski, RJ Ullah, AHJ BE Neidleman, SL Laskin, AI TI Phytase SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 42 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review ID ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE; OPTIMUM ACID-PHOSPHATASE; LARGE INTESTINAL CANCER; SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS; SUPPLEMENTAL MICROBIAL PHYTASE; PRIMARY STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; ACTIVE-SITE; INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY C1 USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. RP Wodzinski, RJ (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA, DEPT MOL BIOL & MICROBIOL, ORLANDO, FL 32816 USA. NR 137 TC 311 Z9 343 U1 7 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 0-12-002642-2 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 1996 VL 42 BP 263 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70375-7 PG 40 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BG66T UT WOS:A1996BG66T00005 PM 8865587 ER PT B AU Pursel, VG Solomon, MB Wall, RJ AF Pursel, VG Solomon, MB Wall, RJ BE Tumbleson, ME Schook, LB TI Genetic engineering of swine SO ADVANCES IN SWINE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Swine in Biomedical Research CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Pursel, VG (reprint author), BLDG 200,RM 2,13000 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45495-5 PY 1996 BP 189 EP 206 PG 18 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BH12G UT WOS:A1996BH12G00019 ER PT B AU Smith, TPL Beattie, CW AF Smith, TPL Beattie, CW BE Tumbleson, ME Schook, LB TI Identifying tumor initiator/suppressor and penetrance associated genes by gene mapping SO ADVANCES IN SWINE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Swine in Biomedical Research CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The genetic linkage map of swine has undergone a dramatic advancement during the last three years. A linkage map containing more than 1000 polymorphic markers currently is available. The vast majority of markers are microsatellites, which are both highly polymorphic and easily genotypable, making it feasible to map genes affecting disease in defined populations of swine. In many regions of the genome, marker density and map resolution are sufficient to permit positional and/or positional candidate cloning. Thus, the power of genetic mapping can be used to identify loci affecting the inheritance and penetrance of disease related traits. We have initiated mapping of tumor initiator/suppressor loci, and factors influencing disease penetrance, in a herd of miniature swine that exhibit a heritable form of malignant melanoma (Sinclair Swine Cutaneous Melanoma, SSCM). Pedigree analysis has demonstrated the existence of a major dominant gene responsible for the inheritance of the disease, and the location of a major penetrance factor in or near the SLA. This analysis has predicted genotypes of individual animals based on their pedigree, allowing us to make mating choices to maximize the probability of successfully mapping these loci. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,US MEAT ANIM RES SERV,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45495-5 PY 1996 BP 239 EP 249 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BH12G UT WOS:A1996BH12G00022 ER PT B AU Lunney, J Saalmueller, A Pauly, T Body, P Hyatt, S Strom, D Martin, S Zuckermann, F AF Lunney, J Saalmueller, A Pauly, T Body, P Hyatt, S Strom, D Martin, S Zuckermann, F BE Tumbleson, ME Schook, LB TI Cellular immune responses controlling infectious diseases SO ADVANCES IN SWINE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Swine in Biomedical Research CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND RP Lunney, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,LPSI,BLDG 1040,ROOM 105,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45495-5 PY 1996 BP 307 EP 317 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BH12G UT WOS:A1996BH12G00028 ER PT B AU Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ Wise, TH AF Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ Wise, TH BE Tumbleson, ME Schook, LB TI Selection for extremes in serum fsh concentrations results in reduced testis size and fertility in Meishan and white composite boars SO ADVANCES IN SWINE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Swine in Biomedical Research CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The Meishan breed of swine was imported from China for its high ovulation rate and as a model to increase fecundity in the swine industry. Concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are increased in Meishan boars (5 to 10 x) as compared to European breeds utilized for meat production in the United States. In human reproduction, elevated FSH concentrations in men are associated with impaired gonadal, function and infertility. In the current studies, concentrations of serum FSH were related negatively to testis size and weights in Meishan boars and While composite boars of European origin. Selection for high FSH concentrations in boars was correlated with reduced testis weight and fertility, all common characteristics of hypergonadotropism associated infertility in men. Meishan boars that have extremes in FSH concentrations and testis weights may be a useful model for the study of hypergonadotropic hypogonadal function in men.(dagger) C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP Wise, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45495-5 PY 1996 BP 523 EP 531 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BH12G UT WOS:A1996BH12G00044 ER PT B AU Bhathena, SJ Berlin, E Johnson, WA AF Bhathena, SJ Berlin, E Johnson, WA BE Tumbleson, ME Schook, LB TI The minipig as a model for the study of aging in humans - Selective responses of hormones involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in different sexes SO ADVANCES IN SWINE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Swine in Biomedical Research CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND AB Both age and sex have been shown to affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in animals and humans. There is a gradual loss of glucose homeostasis and concomitant increase in insulin resistance with age. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in different metabolic conditions including obesity and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), both of which are age dependent, are controlled by pancreatic, pituitary and adrenal hormones. Therefore, we assessed age related changes in plasma hormones in male and female Hormel miniature swine. Animals were fed an energy restricted cholesterol free, low fat stock diet postweaning. Animals were sacrificed at Various ages, ranging from prepubertal; <0.5. yr; young, 0.5 to 2.0 yr; mature, 2 to 10 yr and old, >10 years. Levels of insulin, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and androstenedione were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma from both sexes. In addition, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), aldosterone and testosterone were measured in male swine. No effect of age nor sex was observed on plasma insulin and ACTH levels though an interaction was observed between age and sex for ACTH. Thus, with age, levels of ACTH tended to increase in males but decrease in females. Plasma glucagon was higher in males than females and showed age dependent increases in males but not in females. Plasma androstenedione was 3 to 5 fold higher in males than in females and the level was lower in mature male swine than either prepubertal or older swine. There were sex and age dependent changes in plasma cortisol levels with an increase with age in males and a decrease with age in females. There were no age dependent changes in plasma DHEA-S and aldosterone levels in the males. Plasma testosterone levels were higher in prepubertal swine than in mature or older animals. In swine, both age and sex affect hormonal changes, which then impact on metabolic parameters controlled by hormones, notably carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Energy restriction appears to have a beneficial effect in retarding the aging process and miniature swine can be used as a model for the study of aging in humans. RP Bhathena, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,METAB & NUTR INTERACT LAB,BARC E,ROOM 324,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45495-5 PY 1996 BP 571 EP 579 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BH12G UT WOS:A1996BH12G00048 ER PT B AU Berlin, E Banks, MA Bhathena, SJ Peters, RC Johnson, WA AF Berlin, E Banks, MA Bhathena, SJ Peters, RC Johnson, WA BE Tumbleson, ME Schook, LB TI Aging and miniature swine heart and liver plasma membranes SO ADVANCES IN SWINE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Swine in Biomedical Research CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND AB Age related changes in heart and liver plasma membranes were assessed over a wide age range, prepubertal, < 0.5 yr, young, 0.5 to 2.5 yr; middle aged, 5.9 to 10 yr; and old, 11.5 to 13.9 yr, in male and female Hormel-Hanford miniature swine fed the same energy restricted, low fat, cholesterol free, stock diet continuously post weaning. Mid bilayer heart plasma membrane fluidity, by diphenylhexatriene (DPH) polarization, was increased in old pigs, but fluidity in polar membrane domains was not increased in the old pigs. Age had no effect on fluidity by DPH in liver cell membranes, but surface domains were influenced by age. Liver cell membrane fluidity, by polar probes, followed a U shaped pattern with age and reached a maximum in the middle aged minipig group. In heart, middle aged pigs were reduced in total n-6 polyunsaturates, especially 18:2, and increased in saturates. Conversely liver plasma membranes in middle aged pigs were elevated in unsaturated and reduced in saturated fatty acids. Heart membrane lipid peroxidation tended to be increased in middle aged and elderly pigs, perhaps due to increased membrane vitamin E in middle aged and old pigs. Thus, lipid peroxidation tended to increase over the lifespan of miniature swine, even when they were food restricted. RP Berlin, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,METAB & NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB,BLDG 307,RM 323,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45495-5 PY 1996 BP 581 EP 593 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BH12G UT WOS:A1996BH12G00049 ER PT B AU Pond, WG Mersmann, HJ AF Pond, WG Mersmann, HJ BE Tumbleson, ME Schook, LB TI Genetically diverse pig models in nutrition research related to lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism SO ADVANCES IN SWINE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Swine in Biomedical Research CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The pig is a widely accepted animal model for nutrition research related to growth and development, atherogenesis, obesity, and lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism. We review current knowledge of lipoprotein metabolism in pigs and describe research in populations of genetically diverse swine. Specifically, we report the results of experiments showing that dietary cholesterol during neonatal life affects atherogenesis and indices of central nervous system development and lipid metabolism differentially in genetically obese and lean pigs and in pigs selected genetically for low or high plasma total cholesterol. RP Pond, WG (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45495-5 PY 1996 BP 843 EP 863 PG 21 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BH12G UT WOS:A1996BH12G00072 ER PT B AU Upper, CD Hirano, SS AF Upper, CD Hirano, SS BE Morris, CE Nicot, PC NguyenThe, C TI Predicting behavior of phyllosphere bacteria in the growth chamber from field studies SO AERIAL PLANT SURFACE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on the Microbiology of Aerial Plant Surfaces CY SEP 11-15, 1995 CL BANDOL, FRANCE SP Campbell Sci, Conseil Reg Provence Alpes Cotes Azur, Elsevier Sci & Elsevier France, French Embassy Uzbekistan, French Minist Foreign Affairs, Grp LVMH, INRA, Jouan S A, Lesaffre Dev, Sandoz Gro AG, Soc Ricard RP Upper, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45382-7 PY 1996 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1007/978-0-585-34164-4_18 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BH34C UT WOS:A1996BH34C00018 ER PT S AU Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD AF Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Nonfood products from agricultural sources SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem AB In the 12,000 years since the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution, agriculture has been one of the most important of human activities. Since the United States became independent, the country's demographics has changed from a nation primarily of farmers to one in which two percent of the population produce the farm commodities needed by the rest of us. While food comprises the bulk of agricultural products, there have always been non-food farm products significant to the economy. Concern for the environment, the trade balance, and reliable sources of supply have caused increased research to utilize agricultural commodities. This chapter presents an overview of some current and potential applications of farm products for fibers, fuels, feedstocks, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and polymers. Molecular genetics has created the capability to develop plants and animals, able to grow in the temperate climate of the United States, which can be utilized for production of valuable chemical products. C1 ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Fuller, G (reprint author), ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 647 BP 2 EP 10 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00001 ER PT S AU Andrews, BAK Reinhardt, RM AF Andrews, BAK Reinhardt, RM BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Enhanced cotton textiles from utilization research SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CROSS-LINKED CELLULOSE; CITRIC-ACID; SYSTEMS AB Cotton, the most important vegetable fiber used in spinning, is a member of the genus Gossipium and is widely grown in warm climates the world over, Cotton, a renewable resource, has many good qualities, such as comfort, breathability and dyeability. Utilization research has provided other value added properties. Elucidation of mechanisms for the reactions of cellulose has paved the way for product development. Significant contributions in the areas of mercerization, rot resistance, antibacterial treatments, flame retardancy, durable press, antisoiling treatments, dyeing, water absorption, and comfort have been provided by research conducted at the Southern Regional Research Center. RP Andrews, BAK (reprint author), ARS,SO REG RES CTR,MID S AREA,USDA,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 169 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 647 BP 32 EP 45 DI 10.1021/bk-1996-0647.ch003 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00003 ER PT S AU Marmer, WN AF Marmer, WN BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Preservation and tanning of animal hides - The making of leather and its investigation by the US department of agriculture SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS; COLLAGEN TRIPLE HELIX; CATTLE HIDES; MICROFIBRIL AB Animal hides are the most valuable co-product of the packing industry. They are a renewable resource of great export value, raw or tanned. Much of the current research in hides and leather researach at the Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC) addresses environmental issues of the packing and tanning industries. Hides are traditionally preserved in NaCl brine. Research has focused on damage from halophiles and on alternatives to NaCl brine, e.g., KCI brine or electron-beam irradiation. Pretanning steps, chemical and enzymatic, essentially leave a matrix of collagen-I. New methodology allows assay of bating enzyme activity during one such step. About 90% of all hides are tanned with Cr-III salts, and though the resulting product is not regarded as toxic, the toxicity of Cr-VI species raises public concern over all Cr-containing material. This has spurred a quest for alternatives both to chrome tanning and to disposal of huge amounts of solid, chrome-containing tannery waste. We have developed a molecular model of collagen-I to assist our understanding of the mechanism of chrome tanning and organic crosslinking, and we now can process the solid waste into chrome-free protein fractions and recyclable chromium oxide. The final steps of leather production involve physical and chemical finishing. Chemical and physical softening has been studied by acoustic emission. UV-cured finishes were demonstrated as alternatives to solvent-based spray finishes. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 647 BP 60 EP 73 DI 10.1021/bk-1996-0647.ch005 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00005 ER PT S AU Fett, WF Osman, SF Fishman, ML Ayyad, K AF Fett, WF Osman, SF Fishman, ML Ayyad, K BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Biopolymers from fermentation SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID ALGINATE GENE-SEQUENCES; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; ACIDIC EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; CELLULOSE; MENDOCINA AB Biopolymers are used for a variety of food and nonfood applications, and many can be produced by microbial fermentation of agricultural commodities, Commonly used fermentation medium components include corn starch, corn gluten meal, and corn steep liquor. Commercialized bacterial exopolysaccharides produced by fermentation include dextran, xanthan, gellan, cellulose and curdlan. Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates recently have found use in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. New, potential products obtained by microbial fermentation include yeast glucans and several fungal and bacterial exopolysaccharides. We initiated a screening program in our laboratory, resulting in the identification of several high-yielding alginate-producing bacterial strains, as well as several producers of novel exopolysaccharides. Bacterial alginates may substitute for algal alginates in certain applications. The complete structures of most of the novel bacterial exopolysaccharides were determined. RP Fett, WF (reprint author), ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 647 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1021/bk-1996-0647.ch006 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00006 ER PT S AU Glenn, GM Miller, RE Irving, DW AF Glenn, GM Miller, RE Irving, DW BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Microcellular starch-based foams SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID EXTRUDED FOOD FOAMS; EXTRUSION-COOKING; MOISTURE-CONTENT; PRODUCTS; EXPANSION; AEROGELS AB Interest has been growing in the development of a new class of foams called microcellular foams. These foams have extremely small cells (<10 mu m) and possess unique and useful properties. This chapter discusses some of the important methods for making macro- and microcellular polymeric foams and discusses their structural, physical and mechanical properties. Particular emphasis is focused on starch-based foams. Starch can be extrusion processed into foams having relatively large cells. Microcellular starch-based foams can be made using methods originally developed for other polymeric materials. These foams are white, opaque, have densities ranging from 0.10 g/cm(3) to 0.32 g/cm(3), compressive strengths of 0.22 MPa to 0.97 MPa, and moduli of elasticity from 5.1 MPa to 33 MPa. The microcellular starch-based foams have low thermal conductivity (0.024 W/mK to 0.036 W/mK), large pore volume (0.17 to 0.63 cm(3)/g) and large total surface areas (50 to 145 m(2)/g). RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), ARS, CEREAL PROD UTILIZAT RES UNIT, WESTERN REG RES CTR, USDA, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 647 BP 88 EP 106 DI 10.1021/bk-1996-0647.ch007 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00007 ER PT S AU Pavlath, AE Wong, DSW Hudson, J Robertson, GH AF Pavlath, AE Wong, DSW Hudson, J Robertson, GH BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Edible films for the extension of shelf life of lightly processed agricultural products SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CROSS-LINKING AB In order to extend the shelf-life of lightly processed agricultural produce and maintain the nutritional and esthetic values, various edible natural materials, i.e., proteins, carbohydrates and fats, can be used as a protective barrier to replace the natural skin or peel removed during processing. While none of these materials was effective alone, their emulsified combination allowed the development of a protective film on the cut surface. Various relative humidity levels were tested to determine the optimum conditions for minimum weight loss without any mold formation. RP Pavlath, AE (reprint author), ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 647 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1021/bk-1996-0647.ch008 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00008 ER PT S AU Cornish, K Siler, DJ AF Cornish, K Siler, DJ BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Advances in alternative natural rubber production SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; TRANSFERASE-ACTIVITY; PRENYL TRANSFERASES; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; IGE ANTIBODIES; LATEX GLOVES; PROTEINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; GUAYULE; CIS AB Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is a plant-derived raw material essential to commercial, transportation, medical and defense needs. Virtually all natural rubber is obtained from the Brazilian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), a species restricted to the tropics. As developing countries move away from rubber farming toward higher valued agriculture, declining production, coupled with increasing global demand, are causing natural rubber shortages and higher prices. In this chapter, we discuss research results underlying promising approaches to the genetic engineering of temperate-zone annual plants into crops capable of commercial yields of natural rubber. Also, we report the biotechnological development of hypoallergenic latex to address markets unsuitable for H. brasiliensis latex and of sufficient value to permit the immediate commercialization of a major domestic guayule crop. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 647 BP 141 EP 156 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00010 ER PT S AU McKeon, TA Lin, JT GoodrichTanrikulu, M Stafford, A AF McKeon, TA Lin, JT GoodrichTanrikulu, M Stafford, A BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Genetic modification of oilseed crops to produce oils and fats for industrial uses SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CARRIER-PROTEIN DESATURASE; RICINUS-COMMUNIS; LIPID-SYNTHESIS; ACID PRODUCTION; MATURING SEEDS; ACYL; CLONING; THIOESTERASE; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION AB Vegetable oils represent an important component of chemical feedstock for industry. The advent of genetic engineering techniques provides the opportunity to ''design'' oils that contain specific fatty acid components. Such oils could have premium value depending on the ultimate use. Moreover, the reliance on plants for this chemical production provides a renewable resource that can serve as high value crops for farmers. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 647 BP 158 EP 178 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00011 ER PT S AU Bagby, MO AF Bagby, MO BE Fuller, G McKeon, TA Bills, DD TI Products from vegetable oils: Two examples SO AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AS RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NONFOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agriculture as a Renewable Source of Raw Materials, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PRINTING INKS; DIESEL FUELS; VEHICLES AB Vegetable oils serve various industrial applications such as plasticizers, emulsifiers, surfactants, plastics and resins. Research and development approaches may take advantage of natural properties of the oils. More often it is advantageous to modify those properties for specific applications. One example is the preparation of ink vehicles using vegetable oils in the absence of petroleum. They are cost competitive with petroleum-based inks with similar quality factors. Vegetable oils have potential as renewable sources of fuels for the diesel engine. However, several. characteristics can restrict their use. These include poor cold-engine startup, misfire and for selected fuels, high pour point and cloud point temperatures. Other characteristics include incomplete combustion causing carbon buildup, lube oil dilution and degradation, and elevated NOx emissions. Precombustion and fuel quality data are presented as a tool for understanding and solving these operational and durability problems. C1 ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3455-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 647 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1021/bk-1996-0647.ch017 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BG42E UT WOS:A1996BG42E00017 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, LB Haskett, JD Acock, B AF Pachepsky, LB Haskett, JD Acock, B TI An adequate model of photosynthesis .1. Parameterization, validation and comparison of models SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; CO2; SIMULATION; LEAVES AB Many models of leaf photosynthesis have been proposed but there have been few attempts to compare them and determine their adequacy for various purposes. Three of the most popular models of leaf photosynthesis were compared quantitatively and qualitatively. The models were the rectangular hyperbola, Farquhar's model, and Harley's interpretation of Farquhar's model. The methodology for statistical assessment and comparison is described. The models were fitted to experimental data for tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Rutgers Large Red) by an optimization procedure. The data set consisted of leaf light response curves measured at temperatures of 18, 25 and 32 degrees C and CO2 concentrations of 100, 350, 700 and 1000 vpm. The hyperbolic model of leaf photosynthesis proved to be adequate quantitatively, and it can be used in models of productivity for predictive calculations, It is not necessary to introduce a more complicated model with a greater number of parameters. The two interpretations of Farquhar's model (his own and Harley's) were quantitatively and qualitatively adequate, and can be used for research purposes. C1 DUKE UNIV PHYTOTRON,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP Pachepsky, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYST RES LAB,W BLDG 007,RM 008,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1996 VL 50 IS 2 BP 209 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(94)00051-R PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA TM730 UT WOS:A1996TM73000005 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, LB Acock, B AF Pachepsky, LB Acock, B TI An adequate model of photosynthesis .2. Dependence of parameters on environmental factors SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CO2; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; LIGHT; C-3; O-2 AB Models of photosynthesis are commonly written as functions of light, temperature and CO2 concentration ([CO2]). In an ideal model, the parameter values would be independent of these environmental factors. However, there is no ideal photosynthesis model, so it is necessary to know how the parameters vary in response to the environment. Three of the most popular models of photosynthesis were fitted to experimental data for tomato plants, including light response curves measured at temperatures of 18, 25 and 32 degrees C and [CO2] of 100, 350, 700 and 1000 vpm. Statistical analysis of parameter values allowed us to find their dependencies on environmental factors. Light utilization efficiency oc proved to be constant at ambient and elevated [CO2]. Values of alpha at 100 mu l l(-1) [CO2] were approximately half of those at 350, 700 and 1000 mu l l(-1) [CO2]. Leaf conductance for CO2 transfer tau depended on temperature as well as on [CO2]. Two other parameters, one connected with respiration, R and Farquhar's 'curvature factor' theta, were both linearly dependent on temperature. C1 DUKE UNIV PHYTOTRON,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP Pachepsky, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYST RES LAB,W BLDG 007,RM 008,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1996 VL 50 IS 2 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(94)00052-S PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA TM730 UT WOS:A1996TM73000006 ER PT J AU Wiles, LJ King, RP Schweizer, EE Lybecker, DW Swinton, SM AF Wiles, LJ King, RP Schweizer, EE Lybecker, DW Swinton, SM TI GWM: General weed management model SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SEEDLING EMERGENCE MODEL; YIELD LOSSES; DECISION-MAKING; EXPERT-SYSTEM; AGRICULTURE; MAINTENANCE; SOFTWARE; SUPPORT; PROGRAM; MAIZE AB GWM is a decision support system designed for evaluating soil-applied and post-emergence weed management options in row crops. It has a general structure to allow use with different crops. The system consists of a simulation model, databases, and a database management module. The simulation model has a set structure for linking processes of weed population dynamics during a single season, but allows flexibility in how each process is modeled Databases store model parameters, information about management options, and field-specific simulation inputs. The database management module allows a user to specify entirely the simulation model or modify existing versions without programming. GWM has been parameterized to evaluate weed management as in two existing models (WEEDSIM and WEEDCAM) and for dry bean production. The structure of GWM and associated databases appears to capture essential aspects of weed biology influencing management decisions. GWM can be enhanced as knowledge of weed biology and ecology is refined. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ST PAUL,MN 55108. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Wiles, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 355 EP 376 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(95)00016-X PG 22 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA TM528 UT WOS:A1996TM52800002 ER PT J AU Blackmer, TM Schepers, JS Varvel, GE WalterShea, EA AF Blackmer, TM Schepers, JS Varvel, GE WalterShea, EA TI Nitrogen deficiency detection using reflected shortwave radiation from irrigated corn canopies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NONDESTRUCTIVE METHOD; CHLOROPHYLL METER; LEAF GREENNESS; LEAVES AB Techniques that measure the N status of corn (Zea mays L.) can aid in management decisions that have economic and environmental implications. This study was conducted to identify reflected electromagnetic wavelengths most sensitive to detecting N deficiencies in a corn canopy with the possibility for use as a management tool. Reflected short-wave radiation was measured from an irrigated corn N response trial with four hybrids and five N rates at 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha(-1) in 1992 and 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha(-1) in 1993. A portable spectroradiometer was used to measure reflected radiation (400-1100 nm in 1992, 350-1050 nm in 1993) from corn canopies at approximately the R5 growth stage. Regression analyses revealed that reflected radiation near 550 and 710 nm was superior to reflected radiation near 450 or 650 nm for detecting N deficiencies. The ratio of light reflectance between 550 and 600 nm to light reflectance between 800 and 900 nm also provided sensitive detection of N stress. In 1993, an inexpensive photometric cell, which has peak sensitivity to light centered at 550 nm, was also used to measure reflected radiation from a corn canopy. Photometric cell readings correlated with relative grain yield (P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.74), but more research will be required to develop procedures to account for varying daylight conditions. These results provide information needed for the development of variable-rate fertilizer N application technology. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Blackmer, TM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 17 TC 161 Z9 205 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UB960 UT WOS:A1996UB96000001 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Schumacher, TE Evenson, PD AF Riedell, WE Schumacher, TE Evenson, PD TI Nitrogen fertilizer management to improve crop tolerance to corn rootworm larval feeding damage SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; PLANT-RESPONSE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; MAIZE; TILLAGE; GROWTH; YIELD; INFESTATIONS; PLACEMENT AB Widespread use of crop management practices that reduce the effect of corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) larval feeding damage on maize (Zea mays L.) plant lodging or grain yield production would reduce grower reliance on chemical pesticides. Nitrogen fertilizer placement can affect root system morphology and distribution within the soil profile. This study was conducted to determine if N fertilizer placement can be used as a tool to improve maize tolerance to rootworm infestation. The effects of planting time broadcast or split-applied (planting-cultivation) banded N (UAN; 28-0-0 N-P-K) treatments on root larval feeding damage, root pull resistance, lodging, grain yield, and survival of larvae to adult stage under different levels of controlled rootworm larval infestation were investigated. Results of the 3-yr field experiment suggest that root systems were generally larger (greater root pull resistance) under banded N (85 kg plant(-1)) than under broadcast N (68 kg plant(-1)) at the time when rootworm larval feeding had ceased. Lodging (stem greater than 30 degrees from vertical) in broadcast N plots (51%) was greater than that seen in banded N plots (41%). If tolerance to rootworm larval feeding damage is defined by the presence of a large root system and by the ability of the stem to stand erect, then banded N fertilizer placement can help improve tolerance to corn rootworm larval feeding damage. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UB960 UT WOS:A1996UB96000006 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH Nelson, CJ Coutts, JH AF Skinner, RH Nelson, CJ Coutts, JH TI Tall fescue growth after paraquat application to elongating or mature leaves SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-GLAUCUM; ENDOPHYTE AB Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is commonly used to kill endophyte-infected stands of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) prior to reseeding with endophyte-free cultivars. Regrowth of infected plants, however, is often a problem, even when control initially appears to be adequate. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of leaf developmental stage on sensitivity to paraquat applications. Ten 0.5-mu L drops of paraquat at 0- to 60-mM concentrations were applied to either fully elongated blades, or to emerged portions of elongating leaves of 3- and 6-wk-old seedlings growing in a growth chamber, and to endophyte-infected plants in the field. Leaf elongation rate in the growth chamber decreased 4 h after paraquat application to elongating leaves of 6-wk-old plants. Paraquat did not affect leaf elongation in the field until considerable damage to the elongating leaf had occurred. Visible damage to the treated leaf also occurred faster in the growth chamber than in the field. In both environments, injury was greater when elongating compared with fully elongated leaves were treated. When fully elongated leaves were treated, damage was often limited to the treated leaf, while the shoot apex remained alive and capable of initiating new leaves and tillers. Treatment of elongating leaves, however, increased the probability that the entire plant would be killed. To increase effectiveness, paraquat should be applied to young, elongating leaves. However, these leaf blades are vertically oriented, slightly rolled, lower in leaf area, and narrower than fully elongated leaves, making their treatment more difficult. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES,301 S HOWES,BOX E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UB960 UT WOS:A1996UB96000010 ER PT J AU Meyers, LL Russelle, MP Lamb, JAFS AF Meyers, LL Russelle, MP Lamb, JAFS TI Fluridone reveals root elongation differences among alfalfa germplasms SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; ADSORPTION; GROWTH AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a deep-rooted perennial that may be able to remove nitrate from subsoil beneath the rooting zone of annual crops, Alfalfa cultivars with rapid and deep root elongation would be beneficial for reducing future nitrate contamination of ground water supplies, The objectives of this research were to (i) develop a protocol using the herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluromethyl) phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone) as a marker for indicating alfalfa root penetration in soil, and (ii) determine the variability in rate of geotropic root elongation within and among diverse alfalfa germplasms, Fluridone caused rapid, distinctive bleaching of alfalfa leaves at a rate of 25 mg a.i. kg(-1) soil, without being fatal. When transplanted after onset of fluridone symptoms, alfalfa recovered and resumed normal growth and flowering. Alfalfa populations did not differ in sensitivity to fluridone. Decomposition of roots from a fluridone-treated plant did not cause symptom development in other plants. Individual plants within alfalfa germplasms differed by 56 d in onset of symptoms, indicating a similar difference in root activity at 80 cm depth in soil. Mean geotropic root elongation rate for 12 diverse germplasms ranged from 1.12 to 1.40 cm d(-1). Populations selected for unique root morphological traits were significantly faster in geotropic root elongation rate than their nonselected parental populations. Our method permits in situ identification of plants with rapid geotropic root elongation rates within heterogeneous populations and has proven useful in germplasm selection. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MINNNESOTA CLUSTER,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UB960 UT WOS:A1996UB96000014 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT Heitholt, JJ Meredith, WR AF Pettigrew, WT Heitholt, JJ Meredith, WR TI Genotypic interactions with potassium and nitrogen in cotton of varied maturity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; YIELD AB The development of late-season K deficiency symptoms in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields has become more frequent in the Mid-South and Far West U.S. production regions. In this study, the objectives were to determine how yield and quality of lint produced by cotton genotypes of varying maturities are affected by different rates of soil applied K and N fertilization, Eight cotton genotypes representing a range of maturities and regional adaptations were studied in Mississippi in 1991 and 1992. All plots received a preplant application of 112 kg ha(-1) N and half the plots also received a 38 kg ha(-1) sidedress application of N. Within each N treatment, half the plots received 112 kg ha(-1) g surface applied and preplant incorporated, with the remaining plots receiving 0 kg ha(-1) K. Averaged across years and N treatments, the K deficiency associated with the 0 K treatment reduced lint yield (9%), boll mass (7%), lint percentage (1%), and seed mass (4%), Varying the N fertilization did not benefit these parameters. The high N treatment reduced lint yield 3% (P = 0.07) and lint percentage 1% (P = 0.06) when coupled with the 0 K treatment. All genotypes suffered yield reductions caused by the K deficiency, except for 'HS 26', which was not adapted for production in the Mississippi Delta. Potassium deficiency produced reductions in fiber elongation (3%), 50% span length (1%), uniformity ratio (1%), micronaire (10%), fiber maturity (5%), and perimeter (1%) in all genotypes, Nitrogen application above the 112 kg ha(-1) rate did not increase the lint yield under the growing conditions of our study. The data indicate that genotype was not of importance when dealing with K fertility, The deficiency itself, however, must be dealt with to avoid significant reductions in the yield and quality of fiber produced. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 18 TC 47 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UB960 UT WOS:A1996UB96000019 ER PT J AU Gettle, RM George, JR Blanchet, KM Burton, DR Moore, KJ AF Gettle, RM George, JR Blanchet, KM Burton, DR Moore, KJ TI Frost-seeding legumes into established switchgrass: Establishment, density, persistence, and sward composition SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PASTURE AB Legumes incorporated into established switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) could provide symbiotic N, improve herbage quality, and extend the grazing season. Almost no information exists for legume renovation of switchgrass by frost-seeding. The objective of this study was to identify cool-season legumes that can be established into switchgrass by frost-seeding, yet not provide excessive competition to the associated grass. Six legumes [biennial 'Polara' white-flowered sweetclover (Melilotus alba Medik.), biennial 'Madrid' yellow-flowered sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis Lam.), 'Norcen' birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), Redland II' medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), 'Apollo Supreme' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and a 50:50 mixture of Redland II red clover and Norcen birdsfoot trefoil] were inoculated with rhizobia and frost-seeded into established 'Cave-in-Rock' switchgrass in mid-March of 1991 and 1992. These mixtures were compared with switchgrass fertilized at four N levels (0, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha(-1)). Successful legume establishment was observed, with an average of 24 and 25% of viable seed producing seedlings by June for 1991 and 1992 seedings, respectively Mean legume density was 160 and 170 plants m(-2) by June of the seeding year (YR 1) and 95 and 55 plants m(-2) by June of the second year (YR 2) for 1991 and 1992 seedings, respectively. Legume renovation of switchgrass stands did not affect grass stem density by July YR 1. Mean forage stand composition (based on stem counts) was 87, 67, and 45% legume in June, July, and August YR 2, respectively, for 1991 seedings, and 54, 29, and 23% legume during the same time periods for 1992 seedings. Legumes did not seriously reduce switchgrass stem density, although red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and their mixture were more competitive than others. Legumes can be successfully introduced into established Cave-in-Rock switchgrass by frost-seeding and they will persist for at least 2 yr with favorable weather. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 98 EP 103 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UB960 UT WOS:A1996UB96000021 ER PT J AU Jung, GA Shaffer, JA Varga, GA Everhart, JR AF Jung, GA Shaffer, JA Varga, GA Everhart, JR TI Performance of 'grasslands puna' chicory at different management levels SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CICHORIUM-INTYBUS L; LIVEWEIGHT GAIN; NITROGEN; RATES AB 'Grasslands Puna' chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial tap-rooted herb that shows potential to produce high yields of palatable forage for ruminants. Our objective was to determine management effects on herbage production and quality, and stand persistence. Chicory and 'Pennlate' orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were established on Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) soil at Rock Springs, PA. Treatments were intensive, moderate, and lenient management, corresponding to 25-, 37-, and 50-cm chicory canopy height at harvest, with N fertilizer applied after each harvest except the last. The experimental design was a 2 x 3 (species x managements) factorial with five replications. Total yields of forage averaged 9.4 Mg ha(-1) for chicory and 7.9 Mg ha(-1) for orchardgrass in 1992 and 1993. Management did not affect total yield of chicory the first harvest year, nor that of orchardgrass in either year. Chicory yield was greatest from plants under lenient management the second year. Mean crude protein concentration in chicory and orchardgrass was 200 g kg(-1) and 185.g kg(-1) respectively, but both species showed a potential to accumulate concentrations greater than 250 g kg(-1). Low concentrations (110 g kg(-1)) were associated with floral stem production. Chicory herbage had higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, and Zn, than did orchardgrass. Our results show that Grasslands Puna can withstand a range of defoliation intensities while maintaining excellent productivity. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY & ANIM SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UB960 UT WOS:A1996UB96000022 ER PT J AU Reynolds, K Cunningham, P Bednar, L Saunders, M Foster, M Olson, R Schmoldt, D Latham, D Miller, B Steffenson, J AF Reynolds, K Cunningham, P Bednar, L Saunders, M Foster, M Olson, R Schmoldt, D Latham, D Miller, B Steffenson, J TI A knowledge-based information management system for watershed analysis in the Pacific Northwest US SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AB The Pacific Northwest Research Station (USDA Forest Service) is developing a knowledge-based information management system to provide decision support for watershed analysis. The system includes: (1) a GIS interface that allows users to navigate graphically to specific provinces and watersheds and display a variety of themes (vegetation, streams, roads, topography, etc.) and other area-specific information (relevant regulations, existence and location of analyses, plans, etc.); (2) an analysis component that helps identify major concerns and the hierarchies of associated ecosystem processes requiring analysis; (3) a report manager that displays the history, status, and details of analyses; (4) a project manager that assists with planning and monitoring of data acquisition; and (5) a hypermedia system that provides powerful navigation tools for accessing information in various policy and procedure documents. The analysis component contains dependency networks that link problem-solving knowledge about concerns, ecosystem processes, and data to specific landscape units. The goal-dependency approach provides a scientifically sound method for determining data requirements, as well as a basis for prioritizing, acquiring, and evaluating information for watershed analyses. RP Reynolds, K (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,USDA,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Reynolds, Keith/B-3327-2009; OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 2 BP 9 EP 22 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA VF622 UT WOS:A1996VF62200002 ER PT J AU Rauscher, HM Nute, DE Zhu, G AF Rauscher, HM Nute, DE Zhu, G TI The Forest Management Advisory System SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Rauscher, HM (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,BENT CREEK EXPT FOREST,1577 BREVARD RD,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA UA065 UT WOS:A1996UA06500002 ER PT J AU Sequeira, RA Willers, JL Olson, RL AF Sequeira, RA Willers, JL Olson, RL TI Validation of a deterministic model-based decision support system SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COTTON CROP MANAGEMENT; GOSSYM AB Although heuristics-based decision support systems are common, their formal analysis using statistical tools has been almost non-existent. We used an unreplicated factorial analysis approach to formalize the analysis of output from the cotton production decision support system, GOSSYM-COMAX, and analyzed the recommendations of the irrigation advisor by comparing simulations of farmer practices to expert system recommendations. Using an unreplicated factorial design, we were able to identify significant differences among recommendations issued by the expert system for different configurations of a farmer's field. We also identified conditions for which the expert system's recommendations were significantly inferior to traditional producer practices. The cause of this sub-optimal behavior was an inflexible irrigation threshold in the irrigation advisor rule base. The irrigation threshold was modified to better represent the variable response of the plant to water stress. We modified irrigation rules to make the irrigation threshold plant stage-dependent. This modification improved the performance of the expert system. RP Sequeira, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,CROP SIMULAT RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA UA065 UT WOS:A1996UA06500004 ER PT J AU Sequeira, RA Olson, RL Willers, JL AF Sequeira, RA Olson, RL Willers, JL TI An Intelligent, Interactive Data Input System for a cotton simulation model SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB IGOS (''Intelligent Interactive Data Input System for GOSSYM'') is an intelligent, query-based system that collects input data to initialize a simulation run for GOSSYM (GOSSYpium SIMulator). GOSSYM is a simulation model of the development of the cotton plant. IGOS supports the input of partial or incomplete data. When not all details are known for a required input field, the system helps infer appropriate input. The system also includes an extensive hypertext help system that clarifies the nature of the system queries. The system is an improvement over the current GOSSYM interface in two key ways. First, data input is interactive, minimizing keyboard entry and reducing the learning curve for the user. Second, the IGOS system provides more information than is provided by the current interface. IGOS greatly facilitates the entry of input data for the simulation model. In addition to its usefulness within the scope of GOSSYM, the IGOS system will serve as an example for other crop models and will permit more widespread use of simulation systems. RP Sequeira, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,CROP SIMULAT RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 41 EP 56 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA UA065 UT WOS:A1996UA06500005 ER PT B AU Greer, JD Ekstrand, RE Coffland, B Demetriades, T Wirth, T AF Greer, JD Ekstrand, RE Coffland, B Demetriades, T Wirth, T BE Fishell, WG Andraitis, AA Crane, AC Fagan, MS TI Wildfire burn intensity mapping using high altitude reconnaissance photography. SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Airborne Reconnaissance XX Conference CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE airborne reconnaissance; wildfire; GIS; remote sensing; surveillance; photography; forestry; burn intensity; ER-2 Aircraft; accuracy assessments AB In 1994, wildfires burned over 117,360 hectares (290,000 acres) of forest land on the Payette National Forest in central Idaho. To assess the impact of the fires on the timber resource, a special mission was planned for NASA's Earth Resources-2 (ER-2) high altitude reconnaissance aircraft. For this project, the aircraft carried a 12 inch lens Wild-Heerbrugg RC-10 aerial mapping camera loaded with Kodak SO-060 Aerochrome Infrared film. The 1:60,000 scale photography was used to map burn intensity within the gross fire perimeter in high, medium, low and not-burned classes. Polygons were digitized and the digital information was used in the ARC-INFO environment to determine the gross effects of the wildfires on the timber resource. An accuracy assessment was performed by comparing the interpretation to data collected from plots established within the burned area. In this paper, we review the need for the information, the mission parameters, the image exploitation phase, the results of the accuracy assessment and the application of the data to forest management. RP Greer, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PAYETTE NATL FOREST,POB 1026,MCCALL,ID 83638, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2217-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2829 BP 83 EP 99 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG83K UT WOS:A1996BG83K00004 ER PT S AU VanBallenberghe, V Miquelle, DG AF VanBallenberghe, V Miquelle, DG BE Lankester, MW Timmermann, HR TI Rutting behavior of moose in central Alaska SO ALCES 32 - INCLUDING PAPERS FROM THE 32ND NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP SE ALCES : NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd North American Moose Conference and Workshop CY APR 20-24, 1996 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Alberta Environm Protect, Nat Resources, Canadian Heritage Pks Canada AB We studied rutting behavior of moose in Denali National Park, Alaska during 1980-1983 and 1986. Definitions of sex-specific behaviors are provided based on over 1,000 hours of observation. Feeding (73% of total time) dominated female behaviors. Standing, alert behavior, and moving (2-9%) were other important non-social behaviors. Time allocated to various social and nonsocial behaviors by males varied among lone males, males in male groups, satellite males, and dominant males that controlled female groups. Lone bulls engaged in feeding, moving, croaking, bush thrashing, and standing about 72% of the time. Dominant bulls in mixed groups engaged in threats and displays to rivals with a combined frequency of 15%. Dominant males allocated varying percentages of time to certain behaviors as the rut progressed; herding females, courtship, and fighting were rare or absent early in the rut. We determined group size for rutting aggregations of different sex-age composition during different periods of the rut (early, mid and peak rut). Median group sizes were 4, 6, and 7, respectively, during these periods, with 37 being the largest aggregation observed. We suggest that moose in this area have a highly polygynous breeding system with dominant males responsible for most of the copulations. Although dominant males defend rutting aggregations and herd females, moose do not form true harems. RP VanBallenberghe, V (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3301 C ST,SUITE 200,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE CONF AND WORKSHOP PI THUNDER BAY PA LAKEHEAD UNIV BOOK STORE, THUNDER BAY ON P7B 5EI, CANADA SN 0835-5851 J9 ALCES N AM PY 1996 VL 32 BP 109 EP 130 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BJ19A UT WOS:A1996BJ19A00012 ER PT J AU Erickson, EH AF Erickson, EH TI Fecal accumulations deposited by Varroa can be used as a simple field diagnostic for infestations of this honey bee parasite SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Varroa mite, an external brood parasite of honey bees, defecates within the brood cells of maturing bee pupae. Accumulations of the mite feces appear as white amorphous masses deposited on the ceiling of the cell. These masses contrast sharply with the surrounding pupal case and are easily seen when the comb is inverted in sunlight, Fecal accumulations can be used as a simple visual indicator to diagnose the presence of varroa, With experience one can discriminate between low, moderate and advanced infestations. Very low infestations of varroa can be detected, even in a vigorous colonies. RP Erickson, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 136 IS 1 BP 63 EP 64 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TP040 UT WOS:A1996TP04000023 ER PT J AU Kretsch, MJ Sauberlich, HE AF Kretsch, MJ Sauberlich, HE TI Reply to SP Coburn SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP Kretsch, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 63 IS 1 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TM599 UT WOS:A1996TM59900022 ER PT J AU Ector, BJ Magee, JB Hegwood, CP Coign, MJ AF Ector, BJ Magee, JB Hegwood, CP Coign, MJ TI Resveratrol concentration in muscadine berries, juice, pomace, purees, seeds, and wines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE resveratrol ID VITICOLA GRAPEVINE INTERACTION; RED WINE; PHYTOALEXIN; 3,5,4'-TRIHYDROXYSTILBENE; INHIBITION; OXIDATION; DISEASE; ALCOHOL AB The presence of resveratrol has been confirmed in Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca grapes and in both red and white wines, but not in the seeds. Since there is a lack of information regarding resveratrol in muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia), two studies were conducted using bronze- and dark-skinned muscadines produced with cultural practices similar to those used in commercial vineyards. The first study determined resveratrol concentrations in the whole berries, berries without seeds, and seeds alone; the second study quantified resveratrol in selected muscadine products including wine, unfiltered juice, pomace, and purees made from pomace. We established that resveratrol is a natural constituent of bronze- and dark-skinned muscadine grapes. Dark-skinned muscadine products had higher concentrations of resveratrol than the bronze-skinned counterparts, but there was no significant difference between the two color groups except in the pomace. Even though muscadine grape seeds had a higher concentration of resveratrol than the other parts of the berry, the seeds contributed only 30.1% and 23.4% of the total resveratrol in bronze- and dark-skinned berries, respectively. Muscadine wines compared favorably in resveratrol concentration with V. vinifera and V. labrusca wines reported in the literature. The consumption of muscadine products (e.g., wine, unfiltered juice, whole berries without seeds and, especially, products made with muscadine purees) could be a means for incorporating a significant quantity of resveratrol in the average diet. C1 ARS,USDA,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPTL STN,TRUCK CROPS BRANCH,CRYSTAL SPRINGS,MS 39059. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,ANALYT SUPPORT & FOOD SAFETY LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP Ector, BJ (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,DEPT HOME ECON,BOX 9745,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 45 TC 91 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 1996 VL 47 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA UC219 UT WOS:A1996UC21900010 ER PT J AU Forsline, PL Hoch, J Lamboy, WF Hu, JS McFerson, JR Golino, DA Gonsalves, D AF Forsline, PL Hoch, J Lamboy, WF Hu, JS McFerson, JR Golino, DA Gonsalves, D TI Comparative effectiveness of symptomatology and ELISA for detecting two isolates of grapevine leafroll on graft-inoculated Cabernet franc SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE viruses; GLRaV; closterovirus; Vitis; indexing ID CLOSTEROVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DISEASE AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared to the standard woody indexing procedure for effectiveness in detecting grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV) 3 and 4 in infected grapevines of cvs. Pinot noir (PN) and Thompson Seedless (TS). Four plants per plot of individual Cabernet franc (CF) indicator plants were each graft-inoculated with buds from 24 vines of PN and TS infected with the GLRaV 3 and 4, respectively. Inoculated indicators were established in the field, observed periodically for symptoms, and assayed by ELISA. All plots showed GLRaV symptoms and positive ELISA reactions by the end of the first full growing season for GLRaV 3 and by the end of the second full growing season for GLRaV 4. Results on an individual plant basis were similar, whereby 92% to 95% of CF inoculated with GLRaV 3 or GLRaV 4 were positive for symptoms and ELISA. ELISA reactions for GLRaV 3 were consistently higher than those for GLRaV 4. Virus transmission was not dependent on growth of inoculated buds. We conclude that ELISA is useful for rapid detection of GLRaV 3 and 4 in dormant wood of source grapevines and in inoculated CF indicators. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA,ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 1996 VL 47 IS 3 BP 239 EP 243 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA VE611 UT WOS:A1996VE61100001 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, PH Naccache, PH Poubelle, PE DeMedicis, R Kehrli, ME Kubes, P AF Reinhardt, PH Naccache, PH Poubelle, PE DeMedicis, R Kehrli, ME Kubes, P TI Monosodium urate crystals promote neutrophil adhesion via a CD18-independent and selectin-independent mechanism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inflammation; endothelium; colchicine ID LEUKOCYTE ADHESION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; ADHERENCE; SUPEROXIDE; ACTIVATION; INJURY; IDENTIFICATION AB The primary objective of this study was to determine whether monosodium urate (MSU) crystals induced neutrophil adhesion to cellular substrata and, if so, then to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, (HUVEC), as well as various other cellular substrata, were treated with various sized MSU crystals, washed, and then coincubated in the presence of neutrophils for 60 min. HUVEC exposed to MSU crystals but not to silica crystals or uric acid promoted neutrophil adhesion in a dose- and size-dependent manner, an event also observed with monolayers of rabbit synovial cells and rat intestinal epithelial cells. The increased neutrophil adhesion could not be attenuated by anti-CD18, anti-intracellular adhesion molecule-1, or various anti-selectin antibodies, despite the fact that scanning electron microscopy revealed that neutrophils were adhering primarily to the endothelial cells rather than to exposed crystals. CD18-deficient neutrophils adhered to MSU crystal-treated HUVEC as effectively as their CD18-positive counterparts. The neutrophil adhesion was temperature dependent but did not require protein synthesis. Additionally, HUVEC phagocytosis of crystals was necessary for subsequent neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions to transpire. Pretreatment of endothelial cells and neutrophils with colchicine significantly reduced the adhesive interaction. Our data demonstrate that exposure of endothelial and other cells to MSU crystals promotes neutrophil adhesion that occurs by a firm CD18-independent and selectin-independent adhesive mechanism. C1 UNIV CALGARY, FAC MED, DEPT MED PHYSIOL, IMMUNOL RES GRP, CALGARY, AB T2N 4N1, CANADA. CHU SHERBROOKE, UNITE MALADIES RHUMATISMALES, SHERBROOKE, PQ J1H 5N4, CANADA. USDA, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, AGR RES SERV, AMES, IA 50010 USA. UNIV LAVAL, CHUL, CTR RECH INFLAMMAT IMMUNOL & RHUMATOL, ST FOY, PQ G1V 4G2, CANADA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 270 IS 1 BP C31 EP C39 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA TT104 UT WOS:A1996TT10400003 PM 8772427 ER PT J AU Alt, DP Bolin, CA AF Alt, DP Bolin, CA TI Preliminary evaluation of antimicrobial agents for treatment of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona infection in hamsters and swine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATTLE AB Objective-To evaluate antimicrobial agents for treatment of models of acute and persistent leptospirosis caused by Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. Design-Randomized trials comparing dosages and regimens of various antimicrobial agents for treatment of acute and persistent leptospirosis. Animals-245 Golden hamsters to model acute leptospirosis and 121 mixed-breed swine to model persistent leptospirosis. Procedure-Hamsters and swine were inoculated with L interrogans serovar pomona. Antimicrobial agents were given to hamsters for 3 or 5 days after inoculation, with necropsy at 14 days after inoculation. Swine were treated for 1, 3, or 5 days beginning at 3 weeks after inoculation, and were necropsied 7 to 10 days after completion of antimicrobial agent treatment. Hamster tissue and swine tissue and urine specimens were examined by culture, fluorescent antibody testing, and histologic examination for presence of leptospires. Results-All untreated control hamsters became infected and manifested clinical signs and lesions oi acute leptospirosis. Leptospires were not detected in hamsters treated with dihydrostreptomycin/penicillin G (25 mg/kg 1 of body weight). Administration of ampicillin at all dosages reduced the number of hamsters infected, as confirmed at necropsy; the other agents tested required dosages greater than label recommendations to reduce the number infected. All untreated control swine became infected and shed leptospires in urine through the time of necropsy. Leptospires were not detected in kidneys or urine of swine treated with dihydrostreptomycin/penicillin G (25 mg/kg) for 1, 3, or 5 days, or in swine treated with oxytetracycline (40 mg/kg for 3 or 5 days), tylosin (44 mg/kg for 5 days), or erythromycin (25 mg/kg for 5 days). Treatment with ceftiofur and ampicillin was not effective in elimination of L interrogans serovar pomona in swine. Conclusions-Dihydrostreptomycin/penicill G is effective for treatment of acute and persistent leptospirosis. Differences between the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in the acute and persistent model of leptospirosis emphasize the importance of using the appropriate model for treatment evaluation. Antimicrobial agents evaluated for treatment of persistent leptospirosis in swine required the use of dosages above those recommended by the manufacturer. Clinical Relevance-Use of antimicrobial agents at extra-label dosages for treatment of persistent leptospirosis may cause residue problems in food animals; however, these regimens may be useful for treatment of breeding stock or animals destined for import/export. RP Alt, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 57 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TN538 UT WOS:A1996TN53800016 PM 8720239 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Moats, WA Rushing, JE Wesen, DP Papich, MG AF Anderson, KL Moats, WA Rushing, JE Wesen, DP Papich, MG TI Ampicillin and amoxicillin residue detection in milk, using microbial receptor assay (Charm II) and liquid chromatography methods, after extra-label administration of the drugs to lactating cows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES AB Objective-A microbial receptor assay method (MRAM; Charm II test) for beta-lactam antibiotics and a liquid chromatography (LC) method with a detection limit of 2 to 5 ppb were evaluated for detection of ampicillin or amoxicillin residues in milk samples from individual cows. Design-The MRAM was compared to the LC in 2 respects. Measured concentrations of drugs were compared, as well as the classification of samples relative to the FDA tolerance value of 10 ppb. Animals-A total of 6 clinically normal lactating Holstein cows were used per drug. Procedure-Ampicillin trihydrate or amoxicillin trihydrate was administered at an extra-label dosage of 22 mg/kg of body weight, IM, once to each of 6 cows/drug. Milk samples were collected at milkings prior to and for 156 hours after drug administration. Drug concentrations in milk samples from individual cows were determined by use of the MRAM and LC tests. Additionally, the classification of milk samples relative to the presence or absence of residues above the FDA tolerance value was determined. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on derived milk drug concentrations. Results-Concentration of ampicillin in milk samples from all cows was < 10 ppb by the MRAM and LC methods by the fourth milking (48 hours) after treatment with ampicillin. Values were < 10 ppb by both methods for all cows treated with amoxicillin by the sixth milking 172 hours) after treatment. For individual milk samples, significant differences were found between test methods in the proportion of positive (failing) tests; the MRAM had a higher proportion of presumptive positives. Conclusions-Even at an extra-label dosage of 22 mg/kg, IM, milk residues > 10 ppb (the FDA tolerance value) were not detected beyond the label milk withholding times for ampicillin 148 hours) and amoxicillin (96 hours). When used for testing milk of individual cows by the control point procedure, the MRAM had a tendency to give presumptive positive test results for milk samples containing < 10 ppb ampicillin or amoxicillin as determined by LC. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT RADIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Anderson, KL (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT FOOD ANIM & EQUINE MED,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 57 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TN538 UT WOS:A1996TN53800019 PM 8720242 ER PT J AU Sanford, LL Kobayashi, RS Deahl, KL Sinden, SL AF Sanford, LL Kobayashi, RS Deahl, KL Sinden, SL TI Segregation of leptines and other glycoalkaloids in Solanum tuberosum (4x) X S-chacoense (4x) crosses SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE potato; solanine; chaconine; breeding ID POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; CLONES AB A clone, 8380-1, selected from Solanum chacoense (PI 458310) for its high foliage content of the leptine glycoalkaloids, a factor in resistance to Colorado potato beetle, was doubled in chromosome number from 2n=2x=24 to 2n=4x=48. Three 4x clones were crossed with six S. tuberosum (4x) clones. Foliage glycoalkaloid contents were measured for 452 F1 hybrids from 15 crosses. The 4x chacoense parental clones were not different in respect to glycoalkaloid contents and were similar to the original 2x clone. All F1 hybrids synthesized foliage leptines ranging from 9 to 369 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) with a mean content of 113 mg/100 g fw. The proportion of leptines in the total glycoalkaloid content ranged from 1% to 62% with a mean of 25%. The 4x chacoense parent mean leptine content was 1482 mg/100 g fw which was 90% of the total glycoalkaloid content. Tubers from 136 hybrids and the three chacoense parental clones were tested for glycoalkaloid contents. The tuber solanine + chaconine contents of the 136 hybrids ranged from 30 to 180 mg/100 g fw with a mean of 79. The mean tuber content of the three chacoense parental clones was 157 mg/100 g fw. Leptines were not found in any of the tubers. RP Sanford, LL (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 73 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF02849301 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TU700 UT WOS:A1996TU70000003 ER PT J AU Larson, DW AF Larson, DW TI Curing the incurable? SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article C1 PORTLAND STATE UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97207. US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 84 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TK918 UT WOS:A1996TK91800006 ER PT B AU McRoberts, RE AF McRoberts, RE GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Estimating the parameters of an annual growth model using non-annual size observations SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOMETRICS SECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association CY AUG 04-08, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Stat Assoc DE nonlinear; climate; Chapman-Richards model; simulations AB Frequently it is necessary to predict the future size of an organism based on its current size. For such applications, a method for estimating the parameters of an annual growth model is developed that does not require annual observations or even observations regularly spaced in time. The method accumulates annual growth predictions and adds them to the previous size observation to predict future size. Standard nonlinear least squares techniques may be used to estimate the model parameters. For a forestry application with non-annual observations and a climatic concomitant variable, the proposed accumulating method is superior to the traditional averaging method with respect to both bias and the precision of future predictions. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-37-3 PY 1996 BP 384 EP 387 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BH98G UT WOS:A1996BH98G00064 ER PT B AU Hicks, S Amrhein, J Kott, P AF Hicks, S Amrhein, J Kott, P GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Methods to meet target sample sizes under a multivariate PPS sampling strategy SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION - 1996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 16-19, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE target effective sample size; target realized sample size RP Hicks, S (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR STAT SERV,3251 OLD LEE HWY,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-50-0 PY 1996 BP 234 EP 238 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJ14F UT WOS:A1996BJ14F00031 ER PT B AU Fecso, R AF Fecso, R GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI The redesign of the agricultural land values survey SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION - 1996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 16-19, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE area frame; spatial correlation RP Fecso, R (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR STAT SERV,3251 OLD LEE HWY,ROOM 305,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-50-0 PY 1996 BP 412 EP 416 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJ14F UT WOS:A1996BJ14F00061 ER PT B AU Bellow, ME Perry, CR Deng, LY AF Bellow, ME Perry, CR Deng, LY GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Estimation of agricultural commodities using multiyear area frame survey data SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION - 1996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 16-19, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE analysis of variance model; rotation sample design; relative efficiency RP Bellow, ME (reprint author), USDA,NASS,3251 OLD LEE HWY,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-50-0 PY 1996 BP 650 EP 655 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJ14F UT WOS:A1996BJ14F00103 ER PT B AU Losinger, WC AF Losinger, WC GP AMER STAT ASSOC AMER STAT ASSOC AMER STAT ASSOC AMER STAT ASSOC TI Design of the 1994-95 United States cattle on feed evaluation SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION - 1996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 16-19, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Assoc Publ Opin Res DE national survey; cattle on feed; national estimates; risk factors AB The 1994 Cattle on Feed Evaluation was a cooperative, USDA-sponsored project involving Washington State University, the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, the National Animal Disease Center, the National Agricultural Statistics Service, state agricultural departments, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service:Veterinary Services. The project focused on cattle on feed operations in 13 states that accounted for over 85 percent of the industry. Operations in the study were selected from National Agricultural Statistics Service list frames. Questionnaires were administered by telephone to operations with a one-time capacity of fewer than 1,000 cattle, Larger operations were visited twice to administer questionnaires. A subsample of the larger operations was selected for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella fecal testing. Multivariate analyses identified factors associated with the detection of these bacteria in feedlot pens. In addition, data summarized from this national study can be used to evaluate the impact of management practices on cattle on feed operations. RP Losinger, WC (reprint author), USDA, APHIS,CEAH,VS,555 S HOWES ST, SUITE 200, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA BN 1-883276-50-0 PY 1996 BP 792 EP 797 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJ14F UT WOS:A1996BJ14F00127 ER PT B AU Amrhein, J Hicks, S Kott, P AF Amrhein, J Hicks, S Kott, P GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Methods to control selection when sampling from multiple list frames SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION - 1996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 16-19, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE multivariate stratification; permanent random numbers; Poisson sampling; collocated sampling; probability proportional to size sampling RP Amrhein, J (reprint author), USDA,NASS,4818 SOUTH BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-50-0 PY 1996 BP 815 EP 818 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJ14F UT WOS:A1996BJ14F00131 ER PT B AU Kott, PS AF Kott, PS GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Calibration estimators based on several separate stratifications SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION - 1996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 16-19, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE design; model; permanent random number; probability proportional to size RP Kott, PS (reprint author), USDA,NASS,3251 OLD LEE HIGHWAY,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-50-0 PY 1996 BP 819 EP 823 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJ14F UT WOS:A1996BJ14F00132 ER PT B AU Stanley, JS AF Stanley, JS GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Standardizing interviewer behavior based on the results of behavior coding SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION - 1996 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 16-19, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE behavior coding; conversational norms; interviewer behavior; standardized interviewing AB Interviewer and respondent behaviors were coded for a set of telephone interviews from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Quarterly Agricultural Survey. The behaviors coded showed deficiencies in both the design of the survey instrument and its administration. Interviewers were often not administering questions uniformly and as they appeared in the instrument. Some of the non-standard interviewer behavior could clearly have adverse effects on the quality of the data collected. Some non-standard behaviors included interviewers' attempts to compensate for violations of conversational norms (Grice, 1975) and inappropriate answers from respondents. Others indicated areas where additional interviewer training is needed. Explicit consideration of conversational norms in questionnaire design will enable interviewers to adhere to the survey instrument more closely and administer questions more uniformly. Techniques such as behavior coding will then be more effective in showing where interviewers may be affecting data quality and need additional training. Several general conversational principles that should be considered in questionnaire design are proposed. RP Stanley, JS (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR STAT SERV,ROOM 4151,S BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-50-0 PY 1996 BP 877 EP 882 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJ14F UT WOS:A1996BJ14F00143 ER PT J AU Heath, JP Komuves, L Nichols, BL AF Heath, JP Komuves, L Nichols, BL TI Lenten cell: Ultrastructure, absorptive properties, and enzyme expression of a novel type of cell in the newborn and suckling pig intestinal epithelium SO ANATOMICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE nutrition; enterocytes; endocytosis; brush border; lactase; hydrolases; electron microscopy; immunocytochemistry ID LOCALIZATION; GOLD AB Background: The small intestinal epithelium is made up of columnar absorptive enterocytes and a smaller number of specialized nonabsorptive cells, including goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, M cells, cup cells, and tuft cells. During a study on milk protein absorption in newborn pigs, we identified an enterocyte that showed no uptake of milk proteins and that could be found only in the jejunum and ileum of pigs during the first 2 weeks of life. We call this previously undescribed enterocyte the lenten cell. Methods: We used light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with immunolabelling and cytochemical techniques to determine the occurrence, ultrastructure, absorptive properties, and brush border hydrolase expression of lenten cells. Results: Lenten cells constituted similar to 1-2% of the villous epithelium. They were seen in newborn and suckling pigs 1-9 days of age, but were not found in weaned pigs. Morphologically, lenten cells were spindle- or wineglass-shaped, with a ventrally sited nucleus and an electron-dense cytoplasm with numerous cytokeratin filaments. Lenten cells had a normal brush border with microvilli that were slightly thicker than those of absorptive enterocytes, but they did not express the brush border hydrolases lactase, aminopeptidase N, and alkaline phosphatase. Lenten cells did not endocytose milk proteins or horseradish peroxidase, but contained some endocytic or secretory vacuoles and a few dense granules. Conclusions: No role for lenten cells has been identified in this study, but presence of these cells during the neonatal period, when growth and differentiation of the gastrointestinal tract is at a peak, clearly suggests that lenten cells may play a role in this process. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Heath, JP (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,MICROSCOPY LAB,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0003-276X J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 244 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA TN198 UT WOS:A1996TN19800009 PM 8838427 ER PT J AU Kerr, DE Furth, PA Powell, AM Wall, RJ AF Kerr, DE Furth, PA Powell, AM Wall, RJ TI Expression of gene-gun injected plasmid DNA in the ovine mammary gland and in lymph nodes draining the injection site SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; RAT-HEART INVIVO; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TRANSGENIC MICE; INVITRO; PROTEIN; DISCORDANCE; PROMOTER; ENHANCER; TISSUES AB A jet-injection based gene-gun delivery system has been evaluated as a means to transiently transfect the lactating mammary gland in vivo. The model expression plasmid contained the human growth hormone (hGH) structural gene driven by the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene 1 promoter/enhancer region (CMV). Expression from plasmid DNA jet injected into lactating mammary glands of sheep was at a level sufficient to allow detection by Northern blot analysis when tissue was obtained 48 hours post-transfection. In contrast, mRNA expression following DNA transfer by needle and syringe was detectable by RT PCR, but not by Northern blot analysis. Furthermore, specific mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in lymph nodes draining the mammary gland injection sites. Jet-injection of CMV-hGH into either muscle or mammary gland resulted in the development of serum antibodies to hGH. The ability to transiently transfect lactating mammary tissue in vivo may circumvent the difficulties encountered with in vitro culture techniques and provide a method for examining mammary regulatory elements and testing fusion gene constructs. C1 USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UR864 UT WOS:A1996UR86400003 ER PT J AU ORourke, KI Melco, RP Mickelson, JR AF ORourke, KI Melco, RP Mickelson, JR TI Allelic frequencies of an ovine scrapie susceptibility gene SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN PRP GENE; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRION PROTEIN; CHEVIOT SHEEP; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; DISEASES; GENOTYPE; TISSUES; MICE AB The allelic frequencies of an ovine gene associated with susceptibility to scrapie was analyzed in a sample of 30 scrapie affected sheep and 545 clinically normal sheep from 12 flocks. The allele encoding glutamine at codon 171 occurred at a frequency of 0.76 in the overall population. All 30 scrapie affected sheep were homozygous for glutamine at codon 171. This genotype was observed in 56.5% of the clinically normal sheep. None of the 30 scrapie affected sheep carried the allele encoding Valine at codon 136 although this allele was observed in 2/12 flocks sampled. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ORourke, KI (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ADRU,337 BUSTAD HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA VN980 UT WOS:A1996VN98000006 ER PT J AU King, RH Pettigrew, JE McNamara, JP McMurtry, JP Henderson, TL Hathaway, MR Sower, AF AF King, RH Pettigrew, JE McNamara, JP McMurtry, JP Henderson, TL Hathaway, MR Sower, AF TI The effect of exogenous prolactin on lactation performance of first-litter sows given protein-deficient diets during the first pregnancy SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pig lactation; lactation; prolactin; feeding and nutrition; milk production ID PLASMA PROLACTIN; MILK-COMPOSITION; 1ST-LITTER SOWS; LACTOGENESIS; COMPONENTS; HORMONE; ENERGY; LEVEL AB Twenty-four sows were used to study the effects of dietary protein restriction during pregnancy and exogenous porcine prolactin (pPRL) during late pregnancy and throughout lactation on lactation performance, Eight sows were given a protein-adequate diet containing 179 g crude protein (CP) kg(-1) during their first pregnancy while the remaining 16 sows received the same amount of a diet containing 80 g CP kg(-1). Eight of the sows given 80 g CP kg(-1) during pregnancy were injected with 15 mg pPRL i.m. twice daily at 08:00 and 20:00 between day (d) 102.1 (+/-0.3) of pregnancy and weaning after their first lactation. Pregnant sows offered the low protein diet gained significantly less body weight during gestation and tended to eat less in the subsequent lactation than sows given the protein-adequate diet. Dietary protein had no significant effect on birth weight, milk yield, milk composition or growth rate of the litter during lactation. Neither dietary protein intake during pregnancy nor exogenous prolactin affected the concentrations of plasma glucose, serum insulin, urea or non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) during lactation. The concentration of lactose in plasma during lactation was unaffected by treatment, but at d 105 of pregnancy, plasma lactose levels were greater in sows which bad received exogenous prolactin (32.4 vs. 6.2 mg l(-1), P < 0.05). The concentrations of RNA and DNA in mammary tissue biopsies were unaffected by either dietary protein or pPRL. The concentration of RNA and DNA increased between d 70 and 90 from 0.66 to 2.77 mg g(-1) and from 0.54 to 1.19 mg g(-1), respectively. Thereafter, RNA increased to 4.40 mg g(-1) at d 14 of lactation whilst DNA concentration remained at a similar level of 0.90 mg g(-1). Milk yield of sows between d 5 and 8 and between d 19 and 22 of lactation was reduced from 8.36 to 7.00 kg day(-1) and from 10.74 to 8.22 kg day(-1), respectively, in sows given pPRL. The protein content of colostrum from sows treated with pPRL was reduced from 164 to 104 g kg(-1) whereas the fat content increased from 47 to 127 g kg(-1). These results indicate that the administration of exogenous pPRL during late pregnancy and throughout lactation initiated lactogenesis prematurely and reduced subsequent milk yield during established lactation. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0378-4320(95)01438-1 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA TU352 UT WOS:A1996TU35200004 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT Cochard, H AF Tyree, MT Cochard, H TI Summer and winter embolism in oak: Impact on water relations SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Oaks in a Changing Environment - Ecological and Physiological Aspects CY SEP, 1994 CL VELAINE-EN-HAYE, FRANCE SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Eurosilva Eureka 447, European Initiat Forest Tree Physiol, Conseil Reg Lorraine, INRA, Cent Adm, Dist Agglomerat Nanceenne, Conseil Gen Meurthe et Moselle, Nancy City Council DE spp; embolism; water relations; hydraulic conductance ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY RECOVERY; XYLEM EMBOLISM; ACER-SACCHARUM; QUERCUS; VULNERABILITY; CAVITATION; RESISTANCE; PLANTS; STRESS AB In this paper we review vulnerability to embolism caused by drought and freezing in six species of oak (Quercus). The xylem pressure potential that induces 50% loss hydraulic conductivity ranges from -2.5 to -6.0 MPa for the species reviewed and correlates with other measures of drought tolerance in oaks. The probability of vessel dysfunction increases with vessel size for both drought- and freezing-induced embolism. The impact of embolism is a reduction in hydraulic conductivity in the vascular system. We conclude that embolism plays little role in the drought tolerance of oaks since drought-induced embolism occurs at more negative water potentials than are known to cause damage (eg, reduced growth) or mortality. Nevertheless, vulnerability to embolisms probably explains species distributions between wet and dry sites or may explain the evolution of stomatal physiology. Oaks seem to operate close to the point of xylem dysfunction, but oaks protect against embolism by stomatal regulation which keeps water potentials above that causing 'run-away' embolism. In conclusion, vulnerability to summer embolisms correlates with other measures of drought tolerance of oak species but significant summer embolisms are generally avoided. On the other hand, frost-induced embolism may explain species distributions in cold climates. C1 INRA,UNITE ECOPHYSIOL FORESTIERE,F-54280 CHAMPENOUX,FRANCE. US FOREST SERV,AIKEN FORESTRY SCI LAB,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 24 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 6 U2 27 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PY 1996 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1051/forest:19960201 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UT402 UT WOS:A1996UT40200002 ER PT J AU Dickson, RE Tomlinson, PT AF Dickson, RE Tomlinson, PT TI Oak growth, development and carbon metabolism in response to water stress SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Oaks in a Changing Environment - Ecological and Physiological Aspects CY SEP, 1994 CL VELAINE-EN-HAYE, FRANCE SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Eurosilva Eureka 447, European Initiat Forest Tree Physiol, Conseil Reg Lorraine, INRA, Cent Adm, Dist Agglomerat Nanceenne, Conseil Gen Meurthe et Moselle, Nancy City Council DE Quercus; water-stress tolerance; photosynthesis; stomatal response; nonstomatal response; Rubisco; carbon allocation; genotypes; hybrids ID NORTHERN RED-OAK; PETRAEA MATT LIEBL; QUERCUS-RUBRA; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY; NONSTOMATAL LIMITATIONS; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; GENETIC-VARIATION; CO2 ASSIMILATION; LEAF CONDUCTANCE AB The genus Quercus (Fagaceae) contains both deciduous and evergreen species adapted to a wide range of sites differing widely in moisture availability. Different oak species have developed both morphological and physiological adaptations to survive and grow on such sites. Morphological adaptations in leaves, stems and roots aid in both drought avoidance and drought tolerance. Physiological adaptations involve control of stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, osmotic adjustment and photosynthetic carbon fixation. Carbon fixation can be divided into stomatal and nonstomatal responses. Stomatal response is probably the most important factor controlling carbon fixation. The more drought-tolerant species control stomatal function to allow some carbon fixation with stress, thus improving water use efficiency, or open stomates rapidly when water stress is relieved. Nonstomatal responses of carbon fixation such as photosystem II light energy conversion and the dark reactions of Rubisco carbon fixation are quite resistant to water stress, although internal resistance to CO2 movement may increase. With water stress, soluble sugar/starch ratios increase, new leaf development decreases or stops altogether, and carbon allocated to leaf development shifts to lower stem and root for growth or storage. Many oak species, genotypes and hybrids are available that may be adapted to difficult sites. Use of such genotypes could greatly improve current forest management systems and horticultural amenity plantings. RP Dickson, RE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,5985 HIGHWAY K,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 105 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 32 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PY 1996 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.1051/forest:19960202 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UT402 UT WOS:A1996UT40200003 ER PT J AU Wargo, PM AF Wargo, PM TI Consequences of environmental stress on oak: Predisposition to pathogens SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Oaks in a Changing Environment - Ecological and Physiological Aspects CY SEP, 1994 CL VELAINE-EN-HAYE, FRANCE SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Eurosilva Eureka 447, European Initiat Forest Tree Physiol, Conseil Reg Lorraine, INRA, Cent Adm, Dist Agglomerat Nanceenne, Conseil Gen Meurthe et Moselle, Nancy City Council DE decline; stress; secondary pathogen; Quercus ID AGRILUS-BILINEATUS; ARMILLARIA-MELLEA; SUGAR MAPLE; GYPSY-MOTH; STAND SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHESTNUT BORER; DEFOLIATION; DROUGHT; BUPRESTIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Stress alone, if severe and prolonged, can result in tree mortality. However, stress events usually are neither severe nor frequent enough to cause mortality directly. Mortality of stressed trees results usually from lethal attacks by opportunistic pathogenic organisms that successfully invade and colonize stress-weakened trees. Oak trees are predisposed to these organisms by defoliation, primarily from insects, but also by fungi and late spring frosts, and by drought. There is some evidence that injury from extreme winter temperature fluctuations also can act as a predisposing stress. Stress causes physical, physiological, and chemical changes that reduce energy available for trees to defend themselves, provide energy to pathogens for rapid growth, or make the tree more attractive to organisms that, through multiple attacks, overwhelm the ability of a tree to defend itself from attack. Fungal organisms, such as Armillaria spp in the root system, Hypoxylon spp on the bole, and a number of fungi that invade branch systems, and insect borers, such as Agrilus spp, take advantage of changes induced by stress and successfully attack and kill trees. These organisms may be secondary in the sequence of events, but are of primary importance in causing mortality. RP Wargo, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES, 51 MILL POND RD, HAMDEN, CT 06514 USA. NR 91 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PY 1996 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1051/forest:19960218 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UT402 UT WOS:A1996UT40200019 ER PT J AU Oak, S Tainter, F Williams, J Starkey, D AF Oak, S Tainter, F Williams, J Starkey, D TI Oak decline risk rating for the southeastern United States SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Oaks in a Changing Environment - Ecological and Physiological Aspects CY SEP, 1994 CL VELAINE-EN-HAYE, FRANCE SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Eurosilva Eureka 447, European Initiat Forest Tree Physiol, Conseil Reg Lorraine, INRA, Cent Adm, Dist Agglomerat Nanceenne, Conseil Gen Meurthe et Moselle, Nancy City Council DE oak decline; risk rating; predictive model ID AIR-POLLUTION; CLIMATE; GROWTH AB Oak decline risk rating models were developed for upland hardwood forests in the southeastern United States using data gathered during regional oak decline surveys. Stepwise discriminant analyses were used to relate 12 stand and site variables with major oak decline incidence for each of three subregions plus one incorporating all subregions. The best model for the northern Appalachian subregion included soil depth class, oak basal area, site index, and stand age (R(2) = 0.65). In the southern Appalachian subregion, significant variables included slope gradient, soil depth class, oak basal area, and clay content (R(2) = 0.30). The Ozark model included clay content, slope gradient, and oak basal area (R(2) = 0.32). The composite model included site index/age, clay content, slope gradient, soil depth class, and oak basal area (R(2) = 0.22). The relatively low R(2) values and variation in the relationships for some attributes suggest that major oak decline events may be influenced by additional factors. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP Oak, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO REG FOREST HLTH,1720 PEACHTREE RD NW,ATLANTA,GA 30367, USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PY 1996 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 721 EP 730 DI 10.1051/forest:19960248 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UT402 UT WOS:A1996UT40200049 ER PT J AU Zhang, DL Buongiorno, J Ince, PJ AF Zhang, DL Buongiorno, J Ince, PJ TI A recursive linear programming analysis of the future of the pulp and paper industry in the United States: Changes in supplies and demands, and the effects of recycling SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE linear programming; economic model; pulp and paper; recycling; capacity; demand and supply; international trade AB The impacts of increased paper recycling on the U.S. pulp and paper sector are investigated, using the North American Pulp And Paper (NAPAP) model. This dynamic spatial equilibrium model forecasts the amount of pulp, paper and paperboard exchanged in a multi-region market, and the corresponding prices. The core of the model is a recursive price-endogenous linear programming system that simulates the behavior of a competitive industry. The model has been used to make forecasts of key variables describing the sector from 1986 to 2012, based on three recycling policy scenarios. Waste reduction policies that succeed in reducing demand for paper would have the greatest impact on the amount of wood used. But the minimum recycled content policies envisaged currently would have no more effect than what will come about due to unregulated market forces. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA,US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 1996 VL 68 BP 109 EP 139 DI 10.1007/BF02205451 PG 31 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA WA036 UT WOS:A1996WA03600007 ER PT J AU Somwaru, A Nehring, R AF Somwaru, A Nehring, R TI A graph efficiency multiproduct model of corn/livestock farming: Accounting for nitrate pollution SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS AB This paper estimates a non-parametric production frontier for a population of 117 corn/livestock farms in the Corn Belt region in 1987, employing a hyperbolic graph efficiency approach. There are 7 outputs, 39 variable inputs, 4 fixed inputs, and one ''bad'' input (residual nitrogen). Three graph efficiency models are estimated. A profit maximization model is specified to estimate a production frontier constrained only by the fixed factors. Two other models involving tax constraints are also estimated. One involves a tax directly on nitrogen and the other involves a tax directly on residual nitrogen, making the disposal of residual nitrogen costly. The nitrogen tax constraint is more effective in reducing residual nitrogen loadings and causes a larger reduction in income than the residual tax constraint. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMERCIAL AGR,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV NAT RESOURCE ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 1996 VL 68 BP 379 EP 408 DI 10.1007/BF02207223 PG 30 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA WA036 UT WOS:A1996WA03600018 ER PT J AU Wieber, AM Cook, SP Webb, RE Reardon, RC Tatman, KM AF Wieber, AM Cook, SP Webb, RE Reardon, RC Tatman, KM TI Similarity of the hyperparasitoid communities attacking two strains of a gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) primary parasitoid, Cotesia melanoscela (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Cotesia melanoscela; hyperparasitoid; species diversity; community ecology AB Cocoons of die U.S. strain and the Korean strain of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), primary parasitoid, Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg), were placed at 3 sites in Maryland to examine the hyperparasitoid community that use the cocoons. The Korean str ain produces a larger silk halo surrounding the cocoon that may provide protection against parasitism by individual species in the hyperparasitoid community which is not available to the U.S. strain. There were differences in species composition of the hyperparasitoid community among sites, but not between strains at a single site. There was little or no difference in measurements of the hyperparasitoid communities (species richness, percentage of niche use, species diversity and species evenness) attacking the U.S. and Korean strains. The extended halo associated with the Korean strain cocoons does not appear to offer any additional protection against parasitism by the hyperparasitoid community present at these sites. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,OKLAHOMA BIOL SURVEY,NORMAN,OK 73019. MARYLAND DEPT AGR,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. US FOREST SERV,NATL CTR FOREST HLTH MANAGEMENT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 89 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TR368 UT WOS:A1996TR36800007 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Walsh, WA Jang, EB Armstrong, JW Kanehisa, DT AF Vargas, RI Walsh, WA Jang, EB Armstrong, JW Kanehisa, DT TI Survival and development of immature stages of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fruit flies; temperature; comparative survival and development ID DACUS-LATIFRONS DIPTERA; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; LIFE-HISTORY AB Development and survival of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), oriental fruit By, B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. latifrons (Hendel), and Mediterranean fruit By Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) eggs, larvae, and pupae were compared at 5 constant temperatures ranging from 16 to 32 degrees C. Durations of the immature stages of B. cucurbitae, C. capitata, B. dorsalis, and B. latifrons ranged from 12.9 to 40, 14.7 to 46.2, 15.4 to 47.1, and 18.2 to 61.6 d, respectively, at 32-16 degrees C. Species differed most conspicuously in duration of the egg stage and least conspicuously in duration of the pupal stage. Survivorship data indicated that B. latifrons was adapted to a narrower range of temperatures than the other 3 fruit fly species. Developmental thresholds were lower for the larval stage than for the egg and pupal stages for all species. Threshold values for all stages of C. capitata were lower than those for all Bactrocera species. Thermal requirements (degree-days) for development in the pupal stage were greater than those of the egg and larval stages in all species, and the requirements of B. latifrons were greater than those of tile other species within each stage. These findings are discussed with respect to commodities treatment research, rearing, control methods using mass-reared insects, and fruit fly temporal and geographical patterns. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 89 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TR368 UT WOS:A1996TR36800009 ER PT J AU Gupta, P Dillard, CR Ferkovich, SM AF Gupta, P Dillard, CR Ferkovich, SM TI Potential of an unnatural host, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Galleriidae), in rearing the corn earworm endoparasitoid Microphitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Galleria; Microplitis; Helicoverpa tea; in vivo; rearing; parasitoid; atypical host ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; INSECT PARASITOIDS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; INVITRO CULTURE; NOCTUIDAE; LARVAL; LYMANTRIIDAE; SUITABILITY AB Females of the endoparasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) oviposited in early 5th instars of an unnatural host, greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), after they had been treated with hemolymph and frass from the natural host corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie). Third-instar H. zea, similar in size to 5th-instar G. mellonella were used for comparison. Forty-one percent of the G. mellonella larvae were accepted for oviposition, and 90% of 3rd instars of the natural host. Parasitoid cocoons weighed 8.30 +/- 0.34 mg (mean +/- SE) compared with 14.08 +/- 0.16 mg from H. ten. Adult emergence was 46.9 and 92.6% on C. mellonella and H. zea, respectively. The sex ratio of parasitoids reared on G. mellonella (40% male to 60% female) was not significantly different from parasitoids reared on H. zea (35% male to 65% female). F-1 adults reared on G. mellonella were smaller than those reared on H. zea. When the Fl progeny of G. mellonella-reared parents were reared back on tile natural host, H. tea, the resultant adult parasitoids were of normal size. RP Gupta, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 89 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TR368 UT WOS:A1996TR36800015 ER PT J AU Schnell, RJ Madeira, PM Hennessey, MK Sharp, JL AF Schnell, RJ Madeira, PM Hennessey, MK Sharp, JL TI Inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Caribbean fruit fly; DNA; Insecta; population genetics; quarantine; random amplified polymorphic-polymerase chain reaction ID VARIABILITY AB Two full-sibling families of the Caribbean fruit By Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), were produced by controlled mating from the USDA-ARS colonies located at Miami, FL. One family was produced from a colony population reared on a corncob diet as larvae. The other family was produced from a colony population reared on an agar diet as larvae. Colonies originated from a common source but each had been maintained as an isolated population for > 800 generations. DNA was extracted from both parents and 36 full-sibling progeny from both families. Sixty-three random amplified polymorphic DNA (EWPD) primers were screened using DNA from the 4 parental flies and 97% (61) produced amplification products. Six polymorphic primers were selected for the analysis. These 6 primers amplified 127 bands in both the corncob and the agar flies; of these, 87 and 77 bands were analyzed in the corncob and agar flies, respectively. In the corncob flies, 55.2% of the analyzed loci were polymorphic: 49.4% were polymorphic in the agar flies. Both 1:1 and 3:1 segregation ratios of polymorphic loci were observed with 24 and 28 loci segregating 1:1, and 13 and 9 loci segregating 3:1 in the corncob and agar flies, respectively. Most RAPD primers generated polymorphic bands that segregated as expected. This indicated that polymorphic RAPD bands are useful as genetic markers in Caribbean fruit By. The markers are potentially useful for host and geographic population studies as they relate to quarantine issues. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 89 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TR368 UT WOS:A1996TR36800017 ER PT J AU Weissling, TJ Knight, AL AF Weissling, TJ Knight, AL TI Oviposition and calling behavior of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the presence of codlemone SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; female behavior; pheromone; codlemone; oviposition; calling ID SEX-PHEROMONE; LASPEYRESIA-POMONELLA; MATING DISRUPTION; APPLE AB The effect of die major component of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) sex pheromone (codlemone, E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol) on female calling and oviposition behavior was investigated. Calling by virgin females was similar between moths placed in sealed containers containing codlemone or codlemone-free air. However, when pheromone emitted by females was removed by a continuous air stream, calling in codlemone-permeated air was significantly higher than in clean air. The temporal pattern of calling was unaltered by the presence of codlemone. In a laboratory no-choice test, oviposition rates by codling moth females were similar in the presence of codlemone and in codlemone-free air. However, in paired-choice tests, females deposited more eggs on uncontaminated waxed paper surfaces than on codlemone-contaminated surfaces. RP Weissling, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, YAKIMA AGR RES LAB, 3706 W NOB HILL BLVD, YAKIMA, WA 98902 USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 89 IS 1 BP 142 EP 147 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TR368 UT WOS:A1996TR36800020 ER PT J AU Rossman, AY Miller, DR AF Rossman, AY Miller, DR TI Systematics solves problems in agriculture and forestry SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Systematics Symposium of the Missouri-Botanical-Garden, Systematics Agenda 2000 - Systematics and Society CY SEP 30-OCT 01, 1994 CL MISSOURI BOTAN GARDEN, ST LOUIS, MO SP Missouri Botan Garden HO MISSOURI BOTAN GARDEN ID SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; CASSAVA; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; AFRICA AB In forest and agricultural ecosystems the conspicuous elements, namely the trees, crop plants, and farm animals, form complex interactions with many less conspicuous organisms. These less conspicuous but specious organisms such as insects, fungi, nematodes, and bacteria can be beneficial, even essential, or they can be utterly devastating causing billions of dollars damage. Our present knowledge of the systematics of these less conspicuous organisms is limited. For some groups even the most elemental systematic understanding-an inventory, a checklist, a means of identification-is lacking. This paper presents examples in which systematics has contributed to solving a problem in agriculture and forestry. Our current agricultural practices reflect the systematic understanding of pest organisms that influence crop productivity. The success of efforts to discover and develop biological agents that control agricultural pests and pathogens depends on systematics. International exchange of agricultural commmodities can be enhanced or hindered by accurate or inaccurate systematic knowledge as exemplified by the recently opened market for California wheat to the People's Republic of China. Systematics is essential in directing the collection, organization, and use of vascular plant germplasm as for breeding improved crops. Forests in eastern North America have been devastated by the introduction of exotic pests and pathogens. Systematic knowledge helps to prevent such introductions. In Australia native forests threatened with extinction from an introduced weed were saved by the biological control of that weed using a fungus. Detailed systematic knowledge of both the host and pathogen allowed the safe and effective introduction of this biocontrol agent. In all the examples detailed in this paper, basic systematic knowledge was essential to solving important problems in agriculture and forestry. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0026-6493 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 1996 VL 83 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.2307/2399964 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TT086 UT WOS:A1996TT08600003 ER PT J AU Noon, BR McKelvey, KS AF Noon, BR McKelvey, KS TI Management of the spotted owl: A case history in conservation biology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE northern spotted owl; Strix occidentalis; forest management; population dynamics; endangered species; conservation biology ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; GAINING RELIABLE KNOWLEDGE; NEST-SITE SELECTION; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; RESERVE DESIGN; WESTERN OREGON; HABITAT-USE AB Official conservation efforts for the northern spotted owl began in the United States in 1975 when it was declared ''threatened'' in the state of Oregon; efforts continued in a sporadic and unsystematic way through the 1980s. In 1989 the Interagency Scientific Committee (ISC) was established by Congress and charged with the development of a scientifically defensible conservation strategy covering the entire range of the northern spotted owl, which includes parts of the states of Oregon, Washington, and California. The ISC collated all spotted owl research and approached questions concerning the need for a conservation strategy and the efficacy of potential reserve designs as testable hypotheses. Because the hypothesis tests were based on incomplete data and highly stylized population models, uncertainty concerning the conclusions of the ISC remained. Subsequent research focused on answering those uncertainties, and here we revisit the ISC's conclusions, asking which if any of them have been invalidated. The ISC's major conclusions have remained robust: The population of spotted owls is declining due to reductions in old growth habitat. Subsequent trend-analyses confirmed the levels of population decline calculated by the ISC and in addition concluded that the rate of decline was accelerating. The ISC's response to these conclusions was to recommend the establishment of an extensive network of large reserves. Subsequent research and more detailed computer modeling have confirmed the conceptual validity of this conservation plan but suggest that optimistic assumptions led the ISC to propose a minimal reserve structure. Current federal management plans in the Pacific Northwest propose more habitat than the ISC envisioned, providing a greater likelihood of persistence. RP Noon, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, REDWOOD SCI LAB, 1700 BAYVIEW DR, ARCATA, CA 95521 USA. NR 98 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 33 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4162 J9 ANNU REV ECOL SYST JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. PY 1996 VL 27 BP 135 EP 162 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.135 PG 28 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA VW798 UT WOS:A1996VW79800005 ER PT J AU Tabachnick, WJ AF Tabachnick, WJ TI Culicoides variipennis and bluetongue-virus epidemiology in the United States SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE arbovirus; livestock; vector capacity; vector competence; population genetics ID EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; NEW-YORK STATE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; VECTOR COMPETENCE; FIELD POPULATIONS; GENETIC-VARIATION; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; ORAL INFECTION; CERATOPOGONIDAE; DIPTERA AB The bluetongue viruses are transmitted to ruminants in North America by Culicoides variipennis. US annual losses of approximately $125 million are due to restrictions on the movement of livestock and germplasm to bluetongue-free countries. Bluetongue is the most economically important arthropod-borne animal disease in the United States. Bluetongue is absent in the northeastern United States because of the inefficient vector ability there of C. variipennis for bluetongue. The vector of bluetongue virus elsewhere in the United States is C. variipennis sonorensis. The three C. variipennis subspecies differ in vector competence for bluetongue virus in the laboratory. Understanding C. variipennis genetic variation controlling bluetongue transmission will help identify geographic regions at risk for bluetongue and provide opportunities to prevent virus transmission. Information on C. variipennis and bluetongue epidemiology will improve trade and provide information to protect US livestock from domestic and foreign arthropod-borne pathogens. RP Tabachnick, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 134 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 9 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1996 VL 41 BP 23 EP 43 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TP403 UT WOS:A1996TP40300003 PM 8546447 ER PT J AU Huber, SC Huber, JL AF Huber, SC Huber, JL TI Role and regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase in higher plants SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE sucrose synthesis; spinach (Spinacia oleracea L); maize (Zea mays L); regulatory protein phosphorylation; protein kinase ID INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; SPINACH; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CLONING; LEAVES; PHOSPHORYLATION; INHIBITION; GLUCOSE AB Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; E.C. 2.4.1.14) is the plant enzyme thought to play a major role in sucrose biosynthesis. In photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues, SPS is regulated by metabolites and by reversible protein phosphorylation. In leaves, phosphorylation modulates SPS activity in response to light/dark signals and end-product accumulation. SPS is phosphorylated on multiple seryl residues in vivo and the major regulatory phosphorylation site involved is Ser158 in spinach leaves and Ser162 in maize leaves. Regulation of the enzymatic activity of SPS appears to involve calcium, metabolites, and novel ''coarse'' control of the protein phosphatase that activates SPS. Activation of SPS also occurs during osmotic stress of leaf tissue in darkness, which may function to facilitate sucrose formation for osmoregulation. Manipulation of SPS expression in vivo confirms the role of this enzyme in the control of sucrose biosynthesis. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT HORT SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 39 TC 317 Z9 370 U1 6 U2 49 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1040-2519 J9 ANNU REV PLANT PHYS JI Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol. PY 1996 VL 47 BP 431 EP 444 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.431 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UT119 UT WOS:A1996UT11900017 ER PT J AU Hemingway, RW AF Hemingway, RW GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS INC TI An introduction to the chemistry and significance of condensed tannins SO ANTEC '96: PLASTICS - RACING INTO THE FUTURE, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPACIAL AREAS SE SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics: Racing into the Future (ANTEC 96) CY MAY 05-10, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Soc Plast Engineers AB Condensed tannins offer a huge renewable source of reactive phenolics. In an effort to assist polymer chemists and engineers gain a basic understanding of the condensed tannins, their basic structural features, chemical properties, conformation, complexation with proteins, as well as present and potential uses are summarized. References to books and summary review book chapters are provided to help access the more detailed published literature. RP Hemingway, RW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,USDA,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 J9 SOC PLAST E PY 1996 VL 42 BP 1382 EP 1386 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH28W UT WOS:A1996BH28W00232 ER PT B AU Jasberg, BK Willett, JL AF Jasberg, BK Willett, JL GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS INC TI Effect of screw geometry and processing conditions on extruded starch SO ANTEC '96: PLASTICS - RACING INTO THE FUTURE, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPACIAL AREAS SE SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics: Racing into the Future (ANTEC 96) CY MAY 05-10, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Soc Plast Engineers AB Normal, waxy, and high amylose corn starches at 22.5% moisture were processed in a Brabender 19 mm single screw extruder. Three screws (30/1 L/D) were evaluated: a 1/1 compression ratio screw, a 3/1 compression ratio screw, and a screw with a spiral fluted dispersive mixing section. Each screw was tested at three speeds (25, 50, 100 rpm) and two temperatures (120 degrees C and 160 degrees C). While the mean residence times were similar for all three screws, the mixing screw had a narrower residence time distribution. Extrudate morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction. At 120 degrees C and low screw speed, normal and waxy starches possessed residual granule structure, and the waxy starch retained significant crystallinity. Increasing the screw speed eliminated the granule structure in the normal starch, but some residual crystallinity remained in the waxy starch. At 160 degrees C, the residual structure of all three starches was disrupted regardless of the screw. Intrinsic viscosity measurements on the normal starch after extrusion showed that the degree of degradation increased with increasing specific mechanical energy and increasing temperature. These results show that a balance between thermal and shear energy is required when extruding starch. RP Jasberg, BK (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 J9 SOC PLAST E PY 1996 VL 42 BP 1666 EP 1670 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH28W UT WOS:A1996BH28W00288 ER PT J AU Hung, ACF Ball, BV Adams, JR Shimanuki, H Knox, DA AF Hung, ACF Ball, BV Adams, JR Shimanuki, H Knox, DA TI A scientific note on the detection of American strains of acute paralysis virus and Kashmir bee virus in dead bees in one US honey bee (Apis mellifera L) colony SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; acute paralysis virus; Kashmir bee virus; American strain C1 ROTHAMSTED EXPTL STN,AFRC,INST ARABLE CROPS RES,HARPENDEN AL5 2JQ,HERTS,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Hung, ACF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 55 EP 56 DI 10.1051/apido:19960107 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UF843 UT WOS:A1996UF84300007 ER PT J AU Schiff, NM Sheppard, WS AF Schiff, NM Sheppard, WS TI Genetic differentiation in the queen breeding population of the western United States SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; allozyme; population genetics; mitochondrial DNA ID APIS-MELLIFERA-LIGUSTICA; HONEY BEE RACES; ALLOZYME VARIABILITY; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM; AFRICAN BEES; HYMENOPTERA; HISTORY; APIDAE AB Commercial honey bee queens in the United States are produced primarily in two geographically separated regions, one in the southeastern US and the other in central California. We used mitochondrial DNA and allozyme variation to characterize 178 breeder queen colonies from 22 California apiaries. Two colonies had the mtDNA haplotype characteristic of Apis mellifera mellifera, the first subspecies known to be introduced to the US, and 176 had the haplotype associated with A m carnica and A m ligustica, the most popular commercially available subspecies. Malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) allele frequencies for the western population, Mdh(65) = 0.65, Mdh(80) = 0.09 and MDh(100) = 0.26, were significantly different from those previously reported for feral and southeastern commercial populations. Among the California samples, bees described by apiarists as 'Italian' or 'Carniolan' were significantly different from each other based on Mdh allele frequencies. Five other enzymes known to be polymorphic in honey bees were invariant in the California samples. Differentiation between populations in the United States suggests they may act as reservoirs for genes that can be useful for bee breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 48 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1996 VL 27 IS 2 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1051/apido:19960202 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UW162 UT WOS:A1996UW16200002 ER PT J AU deGuzman, LI Rinderer, TE Delatte, GT Macchiavelli, RE AF deGuzman, LI Rinderer, TE Delatte, GT Macchiavelli, RE TI Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans tolerance in selected stocks of Apis mellifera L SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Varroa jacobsoni; Apis mellifera; tolerance; tolerance index; resistance ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HONEYBEE COLONIES; OUD; MITE; REPRODUCTION; CARNICA; ACARI; BEES; HOST AB The relative tolerance of four honey bee stocks to Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans was investigated in field conditions. Apis mellifera carnica from Yugoslavia (ARS-Y-C-1), A m carnica from Canada (Hastings), F-1 hybrids from ARS-Y-C-1 and Hastings crosses, and a commercial Louisiana stock of yellow honey bees were studied. All three Carniolan stocks exhibited greater tolerance to V jacobsoni than the Louisiana stock. The Carniolan stocks survived longer with higher levels of Varroa infestation on both worker pupae and adult honey bees. Louisiana stock was more susceptible to Varroa infestation. Colonies died earlier. But, unlike other stocks, the Louisiana stock had lower levels of infestation at death. Regardless of the stock, Varroa had similar reproductive success based on the number of mites per infested pupa (1-10 mites), the number of foundress Varroa per infested pupa (1-3 females), the number of progeny per female (0-5 progeny), the number of progeny per infested pupa (0-7 progeny), and the proportion of infested pupae containing infertile foundresses (0-47%). C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPT STAT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP deGuzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1996 VL 27 IS 4 BP 193 EP 210 DI 10.1051/apido:19960402 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA VY683 UT WOS:A1996VY68300002 ER PT J AU Arias, MC Tingek, S Kelitu, A Sheppard, WS AF Arias, MC Tingek, S Kelitu, A Sheppard, WS TI Apis nulensis Tingek, Koeniger and Koeniger, 1996 and its genetic relationship with sympatric species inferred from DNA sequences SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis nuluensis; phylogeny; molecular systematics; DNA; nucleotide sequence ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENUS-APIS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; HONEY BEE; TREES AB Apis nuluensis Tingek, Koeniger and Koeniger is a new species recently described by Tingek et al (1996) on the basis of morphological and behavioral characters. To understand the genetic relationship between the new species and sympatric species of the A cerana group from Borneo, two different DNA regions of nuclear (EF-1 alpha intron) and mitochondrial (ND2 gene) origin were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences indicate that A nuluensis and A cerana are sister taxa. The apparent paraphyly of A cerana with respect to A nuluensis, may result from relatively recent speciation of A nuluensis from the isolated A cerana population of Borneo. However, further studies of A cerana across its range are needed to clarify the status of Bornean populations. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR RES STN,TENOM 89908,SABAH,MALAYSIA. RI Arias, Maria/A-1965-2015; OI Arias, Maria/0000-0003-1477-101X NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1996 VL 27 IS 5 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1051/apido:19960509 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP166 UT WOS:A1996WP16600010 ER PT J AU Rinderer, TE Marx, BD Gries, M Tingek, S AF Rinderer, TE Marx, BD Gries, M Tingek, S TI A scientific note on stratified foraging by Sabahan bees on the yellow flame tree (Peltophorum pterocarpum) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis; Trigona; interspecific competition; resource partitioning C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPT STAT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV FRANKFURT,FACHBEREICH BIOL,INST BIENENKUNDE,D-61440 OBERURSEL,GERMANY. AGR RES STN,TENOM SABAH 88908,MALAYSIA. RP Rinderer, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1996 VL 27 IS 5 BP 423 EP 425 DI 10.1051/apido:19960510 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP166 UT WOS:A1996WP16600011 ER PT J AU deGuzman, LI Rinderer, TE Whiteside, RR AF deGuzman, LI Rinderer, TE Whiteside, RR TI A scientific note on the occurrence of Varroa mites on adult worker bees of Apis nuluenis in Borneo SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis nuluensis; Varroa; Borneo C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP deGuzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1996 VL 27 IS 5 BP 429 EP 430 DI 10.1051/apido:19960512 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP166 UT WOS:A1996WP16600013 ER PT S AU Garbrecht, J Martz, LW AF Garbrecht, J Martz, LW BE Kovar, K Nachtnebel, HP TI Digital landscape parameterization for hydrological applications SO APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Geographic Information Systems in Hydrology and Water Resources Management (HydroGIS 96) CY APR 16-19, 1996 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Univ Bodenkultur, Inst Wasserwirtsch Hydrol & Konstruktiven, Vienna, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, IAHS, Int Comm Remote Sensing & Data Transmiss, UNESCO, Div Water Sci, Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Int Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Austria, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Austrian Hydrol Soc, Int Assoc Hydraul Res C1 USDA ARS,DURANT,OK 74702. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-84-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1996 IS 235 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BF89F UT WOS:A1996BF89F00020 ER PT S AU Garen, DC Marks, D AF Garen, DC Marks, D BE Kovar, K Nachtnebel, HP TI Spatially distributed snow modelling in mountainous regions: Boise River application SO APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Geographic Information Systems in Hydrology and Water Resources Management (HydroGIS 96) CY APR 16-19, 1996 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Univ Bodenkultur, Inst Wasserwirtsch Hydrol & Konstruktiven, Vienna, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, IAHS, Int Comm Remote Sensing & Data Transmiss, UNESCO, Div Water Sci, Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Int Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Austria, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Austrian Hydrol Soc, Int Assoc Hydraul Res C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WATER & CLIMATE CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-84-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1996 IS 235 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BF89F UT WOS:A1996BF89F00050 ER PT S AU Savabi, MR Klik, A Grulich, K Mitchell, JK Nearing, MA AF Savabi, MR Klik, A Grulich, K Mitchell, JK Nearing, MA BE Kovar, K Nachtnebel, HP TI Application of WEPP and GIS on small watersheds in USA and Austria SO APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Geographic Information Systems in Hydrology and Water Resources Management (HydroGIS 96) CY APR 16-19, 1996 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Univ Bodenkultur, Inst Wasserwirtsch Hydrol & Konstruktiven, Vienna, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, IAHS, Int Comm Remote Sensing & Data Transmiss, UNESCO, Div Water Sci, Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Int Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Austria, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Austrian Hydrol Soc, Int Assoc Hydraul Res C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-84-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1996 IS 235 BP 469 EP 476 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BF89F UT WOS:A1996BF89F00056 ER PT J AU Ferreira, MASV Tooley, PW Hatziloukas, E Castro, C Schaad, NW AF Ferreira, MASV Tooley, PW Hatziloukas, E Castro, C Schaad, NW TI Isolation of a species-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence for identification of Tilletia indica, the karnal bunt of wheat fungus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; PHYTOPHTHORA; NUCLEAR; DISEASE; DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; DIVERSITY AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from five isolates of Tilletia indica was isolated and digested with several restriction enzymes. A 2.3-kb EcoRI fragment was chosen, cloned, and shown to hybridize with total DNA restricted with EcoRI from T, indica and not from a morphologically similar smut fungus, Tilletia barclayana. The clone was partially sequenced, and primers were designed and tested under high-stringency conditions in PCR assays. The primer pair Ti1/Ti4 amplified a 2,3-kb fragment from total DNA of 17 T. indica isolates from India, Pakistan, and Mexico, DNA from 25 isolates of other smut fungi (T. barclayana, Tilletia foetida, Tilletia caries, Tilletia fusca, and Tilletia controversa) did not produce any bands, as detected by ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels and Southern hybridizations. The sensitivity of the assay was determined and increased by using a single nested primer in a second round of amplification, so that 1 pg of total mycelial DNA could be detected, The results indicated that the primers which originated from a cloned mtDNA sequence can be used to differentiate T. indica from other Tilletia species and have the potential to identify teliospores contaminating wheat seeds. C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FREDERICK,MD 21702. UNIV BRASILIA,DEPT BIOL CELULAR,BR-70919970 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. CTR NACL RECURSOS GENET & BIOTECNOL,BR-70849970 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 62 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TN226 UT WOS:A1996TN22600014 PM 8572716 ER PT J AU Gray, JT FedorkaCray, PJ Stabel, TJ Kramer, TT AF Gray, JT FedorkaCray, PJ Stabel, TJ Kramer, TT TI Natural transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTERNAL ORGANS; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; MACROPHAGES; PROTEINS; PIGS AB This experiment was designed to study the natural transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine. Forty pigs were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 12) was challenged with 10(8) CFU of S. choleraesuis per ml by intranasal inoculation. One day postinoculation (p.i.), group 2 (n = 24) was commingled with group 1. Group 3 (n = 4) served as uninoculated controls, Serum samples were collected weekly, Blastogenesis assays and necropsies were performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 weeks p.i., and 16 tissue samples per pig were collected and cultured, Environmental (pooled feces from the pen floor) levels of S. choleraesuis were 2.61 log(10) CFU/g of feces at 24 h p.i. (immediately prior to commingling). Severe clinical signs were observed in groups 1 and 2. The results indicated that at least 16% of group 2 pigs were shedding S. choleraesuis within 24 h of commingling. At 1 week p.i., 32 of 32 group 1 and 39 of 62 group 2 tissue samples were positive for S. choleraesuis. Only 3 of 12 group 2 pigs were positive at 6, 9, and 12 weeks (1 pig for each week), indicating that only a small proportion of infected swine become long-term carriers. At 12 weeks p.i., only the colon and colonic lymph node samples of one pig from group 2 were positive, Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses were similar between groups 1 and 2, These data demonstrate that a few pigs shedding low levels of Salmonella organisms before slaughter can result in rapid transmission and subsequent shedding by many swine. C1 USDA ARS,SERV NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET MED RES INST,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. NR 33 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 62 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TN226 UT WOS:A1996TN22600023 PM 8572691 ER PT J AU Mahanti, N Bhatnagar, D Cary, JW Joubran, J Linz, JE AF Mahanti, N Bhatnagar, D Cary, JW Joubran, J Linz, JE TI Structure and function of fas-1A, a gene encoding a putative fatty acid synthetase directly involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION; CLONING AB A novel gene, fas-1A, directly involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis, was cloned by genetic complementation of an Aspergillus parasiticus mutant strain, UVM8, blocked at two unique sites in the AFB1 biosynthetic pathway, Metabolite conversion studies localized the two genetic blocks to early steps in the AFB1 pathway (nor-1 and fas-1A) and confirmed that fas-1A is blocked prior to nor-1, Transformation of UVM8 with cosmids NorA and NorB restored function in nor-1 and fas-1A, resulting in synthesis of AFB1. An 8-kb SacI subclone of cosmid NorA complemented fas-1A only, resulting in accumulation of norsolorinic acid, Gene disruption of the fas-1A locus blocked norsolorinic acid accumulation in A, parasiticus B62 (nor-1), which normally accumulates this intermediate, These data confirmed that fas-1A is directly involved in AFB1 synthesis. The predicted amino acid sequence of fas-1A showed a high level of identity with extensive regions in the enoyl reductase and malonyl/palmityl transferase functional domains in the beta subunit of yeast fatty acid synthetase. Together, these data suggest that fas-1A encodes a novel fatty acid synthetase which synthesizes part of the polyketide backbone of AFB1, Additional data support an interaction between AFB1 synthesis and sclerotium development. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA52003] NR 26 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 62 IS 1 BP 191 EP 195 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TN226 UT WOS:A1996TN22600032 PM 8572694 ER PT J AU Gardner, RG Russell, JB Wilson, DB Wang, GR Shoemaker, NB AF Gardner, RG Russell, JB Wilson, DB Wang, GR Shoemaker, NB TI Use of a modified Bacteroides-Prevotella shuttle vector to transfer a reconstructed beta-1,4-D-endoglucanase gene into Bacteroides uniformis and Prevotella ruminicola B(1)4 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE GENE; PLANT-CELL WALLS; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; THERMOMONOSPORA-FUSCA; ENDOGLUCANASE GENE; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; RUMINAL BACTERIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RUMEN; DNA AB A carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) gene from Prevotella ruminicola B(1)4 was reconstructed by adding a cellulose binding domain from a Thermomonospora fusca cellulase and was conjugally transferred from Escherichia coli to Bacteroides uniformis 0061 by using a chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance shuttle vector (pTC-COW), pTC-COW was specifically constructed to facilitate conjugal transfer of vectors from B. uniformis donors to P. ruminicola recipients, B, uniformis transconjugants containing CMCase constructs cloned into pTC-COW expressed Cm-r, but they did not produce the reconstructed CMCase until a xylanase promoter from P. ruminicola 23 was added upstream of the CMCase (pTC-XRCMC), The xylanase promoter allowed the B. uniformis transconjugants to produce large amounts of the reconstructed CMCase, which was present on the outside surface of the cells, Although the reconstructed CMCase alone did not allow B. uniformis to grow on acid-swollen cellulose, rapid growth was observed when two exocellulases were added to the culture supernatant. tinder these conditions, the reconstructed CMCase permitted faster growth than the wild-type CMCase. The frequency of transfer of pTC-XRCMC from B. uniformis to P, ruminicola B(1)4 was increased 100-fold when strictly anaerobic conditions, nitrocellulose filters (cell immobilization), and more stringent selections were employed. Although the P. ruminicola B(1)4 (pTC-XRCMC) transconjugants expressed Tc-r and had DNA that hybridized with a probe to the shuttle vector, these transconjugants did not produce detectable levels of the reconstructed CMCase even when xylan was the carbon source. On the basis of these results, it appears that hot all of the promoters recognized by B, uniformis and P. ruminicola 23 are functional in P. ruminicola B(1)4, However, the results with B. uniformis suggest that the introduction of a P. ruminicola B(1)4 promoter should allow expression of the reconstructed CMCase in P. ruminicola B(1)4. C1 CORNELL UNIV, SECT BIOCHEM MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. CORNELL UNIV, MICROBIOL SECT, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. CORNELL UNIV, USDA ARS, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT MICROBIOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22383] NR 50 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 62 IS 1 BP 196 EP 202 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TN226 UT WOS:A1996TN22600033 PM 8572695 ER PT J AU Romick, TL Fleming, HP McFeeters, RF AF Romick, TL Fleming, HP McFeeters, RF TI Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Listeria monocytogenes in defined glucose medium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUGARS AB A defined medium with glucose as the carbon source was used to quantitatively determine the metabolic end products produced by Listeria monocytogenes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, Of 10 strains tested, all produced acetoin under aerobic conditions hut not anaerobic conditions, Percent carbon recoveries of end products, typified by strain F5069, were as follows: lactate, 28%; acetate, 23%; and acetoin, 26% for aerobic growth and lactate, 79%; acetate, 2%; formate, 5.4%; ethanol, 7.8%; and carbon dioxide, 2.3% for anaerobic growth, No attempt to determine carbon dioxide under aerobic growth conditions was made, The possibility of using acetoin production to assay for growth of L. monocytogenes under defined conditions should be considered. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 62 IS 1 BP 304 EP 307 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TN226 UT WOS:A1996TN22600055 PM 8572709 ER PT J AU Shapiro, DI Tylka, GL Lewis, LC AF Shapiro, DI Tylka, GL Lewis, LC TI Effects of fertilizers on virulence of Steinernema carpocapsae SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomogenous nematodes; Steinernema carpocapsae; fertilizer ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; SOIL; PERSISTENCE; AMENDMENTS AB The effects of three fertilizers (fresh cow manure, composted manure, and urea) were determined on the virulence of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) against the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.). Nitrogen levels were standardized among fertilizer treatments at two levels (280 and 560 kg ha(-1)). Urea and fresh manure decreased nematode virulence in laboratory experiments. In field experiments, however, only the fresh manure treatment reduced nematode virulence. In both laboratory and field experiments, composted manure did not affect nematode virulence. Fertilizer effects on virulence of S. carpocapsae were more rapid in a soil with reduced organic matter than in a soil with higher levels of organic matter. Factors causing reduced nematode virulence are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 3 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/0929-1393(95)00069-0 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TM226 UT WOS:A1996TM22600003 ER PT J AU Ingham, ER Thies, WG AF Ingham, ER Thies, WG TI Responses of soil foodweb organisms in the first year following clearcutting and application of chloropicrin to control laminated root rot SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest ecology; soil ecology; chloropicrin; soil foodwebs; clearcutting; laminated root rot ID FUMIGANTS CHLOROPICRIN; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PHELLINUS-WEIRII; VORLEX; METHYLISOTHIOCYANATE; FUMIGATION; NEMATODES; SYSTEM AB Alteration in soil foodweb organism populations (numbers, biomass and activity) were monitored following clearcutting of a mature 70-year old Douglas-fir forest and compared with an uncut mature Douglas-fir stand. Changes in soil foodweb organisms were assessed following application of chloropicrin to stumps in the clearcut to reduce infection by Phellinus weirii, which causes laminated root rot. The effect of chloropicrin was measured using two different spatial scales: (1) around treated stumps, and (2) within 0.2 ha areas where all stumps within the area were treated with chloropicrin. A 10-fold decrease in total fungal biomass, between 2- and 3-fold reductions in total bacterial biomass, a 2-fold reduction in nematode numbers and a nearly 10-fold reduction in the ratio of total fungal to total bacterial biomass were observed between 9 months to a year following clearcutting. Active fungal biomass in the 20% chloropicrin treatment was reduced 1 year (October) after application Reduction in amoebae numbers were observed between April and June in the 100% chloropicrin treatments, while no effects of chloropicrin on total fungal biomass, total bacterial biomass, flagellate, ciliate or nematode numbers were observed. The ratio of total fungal to total bacterial biomass was reduced as compared to the control in the 100% chloropicrin-treated infected areas in April following chloropicrin treatment. Chloropicrin decreased soil foodweb organisms in only one out of 45 random soil samples from 0.2 ha areas. In samples collected from around stumps, three points out of 180 had significant decreases in all organism numbers as compared to non-chloropicrin treated stumps. Chloropicrin-sensitive tomato and alfalfa seedlings, planted at 2 m from stumps to monitor the release of chloropicrin from stumps, indicated there was no significant release of chloropicrin in the first year following clearcutting and chloropicrin application. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Ingham, ER (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 3 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1016/0929-1393(95)00075-5 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TM226 UT WOS:A1996TM22600004 ER PT J AU Tudor, KW Rosati, RR ORourke, PD Wu, YV Sessa, D Brown, P AF Tudor, KW Rosati, RR ORourke, PD Wu, YV Sessa, D Brown, P TI Technical and economical feasibility of on-farm fish feed production using fishmeal analogs SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; PROTEIN-LEVELS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; AUREUS DIETS; SEAWATER; GROWTH AB Ten experimental diets and one control diet were fed to 720 tilapia (20 fish x 12 cages x three replicates) in a recirculating aquaculture system to determine the economic significance of replacing fishmeal with fishmeal analogs if the fishmeal analogs were processed on-site by the producer All experimental diets were produced at Illinois State University using an Insta-Pro Model 600 Jr. extruder plus grinding, weighing and mixing equipment commonly found on commercial livestock operations. Primary diet protein sources included corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed and distillers dried grains. All diets were balanced for amino acid requirements of the fish, and both 32 and 36% crude protein diets were fed. There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR) between diets with fishmeal and diets without fishmeal. There was no significant difference in FCR between 32 and 36% crude protein diets. An economic engineering model which included all equipment necessary for extruding and handling pelleted feed on-site was developed. Annualized investment and operating costs were estimated to determine the total cost of processing each of the 10 experimental diets. There was a significant difference in cost of gain among the 10 experimental diets and the control diet. Cost of production was highly sensitive to volume of feed extruded. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Tudor, KW (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR,NORMAL,IL 61790, USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/0144-8609(95)00006-Z PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA TH071 UT WOS:A1996TH07100005 ER PT J AU Cao, GH Giovanoni, M Prior, RL AF Cao, GH Giovanoni, M Prior, RL TI Antioxidant capacity decreases during growth but not aging in rat serum and brain SO ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS LA English DT Article DE growth; aging; antioxidant capacity; serum; brain cortex; cerebellum ID ASSAY; PEROXIDATION; FLUIDS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth and aging on the antioxidant capacities of rat serum and brain, by using two different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators and two different methods of expressing the results. The antioxidant capacity was determined by using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, The protein content of serum increased significantly during the growth period of day 1 to 6 months of age. The protein content in brain (cortex and cerebellum) extract also tended to increase with the growth. The antioxidant capacity of serum decreased during growth, if the ORAC values were expressed on the basis of serum protein concentration. The antioxidant capacity in brain cortex and cerebellum declined significantly during growth, regardless of which ROS generator was used in the ORAC assay or how the results were expressed (units/ml or units/mg protein). Therefore, the rat pups had higher antioxidant capacity than the adult and old rats. The low plasma antioxidant capacity reported in premature neonates may simply result from a low protein concentration of the plasma, which occurs in neonates. No aging effect was observed on the antioxidant capacity of serum and brain in the adult and old rats. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,ARS,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Cao, GH (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0167-4943 J9 ARCH GERONTOL GERIAT JI Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0167-4943(95)00674-5 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TV297 UT WOS:A1996TV29700004 PM 15374190 ER PT J AU Sheppard, CA Lynn, DE AF Sheppard, CA Lynn, DE TI Immunoreactivities for calcium signaling components and neural-like properties of a Colorado potato beetle cell line SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inositol trisphosphate receptor; ryanodine receptor; neurofilament; SERCA ID TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS; NEUROFILAMENT ANTIBODIES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TAU-PROTEIN; RECEPTOR; PHOTORECEPTORS; IDENTIFICATION; CYTOSKELETON AB Of the approximately 400 described insect cell lines, only three are derived from beetles (Coleoptera), and none are neural in origin. The present work was undertaken to characterize further a new cell line, designated IPLB-CPB2, derived from eggs of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decimlineata. Indirect immunofluorescent studies reported here indicate that these cells express neurofilament (Nf)-like immunoreactivities to antibodies directed against mammalian Nf-Medium (MW 150,000) and a heavily phosphorylated form of Nf-Heavy (MW 200,000; detected using the axonal monoclonal antibody SMI 31). This appears to be the first report of neurofilament-like immunoreactivity in an arthropod. Immunofluorescent analyses also indicate that IPLB-CPB2 cells express an antigenic epitope characteristic of the mammalian type 1 inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor, the ryanodine receptor (RyR) (also termed calcium-induced calcium release receptor channel, or CICR) and the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump (SERCA). Patch-clamp recordings indicate that some IPLB-CPB2 cells are capable of producing spontaneous action potentials, while others may be photosensitive. Taken together, the findings reported here suggest that IPLB-CPB2 cells are of neural origin and that they express the major receptor channels and pumps known to be localized in the ER of the cell, which are required for receptor-mediated calcium signaling. Thus, the IPLB-CPB2 cell line may prove to be an excellent model system for studies of insect neurobiology and calcium-based signal transduction. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV SCRANTON,DEPT BIOL,SCRANTON,PA 18510. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 209 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA VQ884 UT WOS:A1996VQ88400003 PM 8913031 ER PT J AU Fang, NB Teal, PEA Tumlinson, JH AF Fang, NB Teal, PEA Tumlinson, JH TI Effects of decapitation and PBAN injection on amounts of triacylglyceuols in the sex pheromone gland of Manduca sexta (L) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Manduca sexta; sex pheromone biosynthesis; triacylglycerols; PBAN ID LEAFROLLER MOTH; L LEPIDOPTERA; BIOSYNTHESIS; STIMULATION; NOCTUIDAE; BLEND AB The correlation between triacylglycerols containing conjugated diene fatty acyl moieties and pheromone aldehydes in the sex pheromone glands of females of Manduca sexta was investigated. Females decapitated 15 h after adult emergence neither called nor produced pheromone during the natural period of pheromone production on the subsequent two nights. However, these females could be stimulated to produce sex pheromone for prolonged periods by repeated injection of synthetic pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). Gas chromatographic analysis of methanolysis products of lipids extracted from the pheromone glands of decapitated and intact females showed no differences in the amounts of fatty acyl precursors of pheromone. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the triacylglycerols containing conjugated diene analogues of the pheromone components (diene TG), obtained 24 and 48 h after decapitation, showed that the total amounts of these components were not affected by decapitation. The amounts of all diene TC peaks declined significantly when decapitated females were stimulated to produce pheromone during a 7 h period by repeated injection of PBAN at 3 h intervals but recovered when pheromone production subsided. These results indicate that PBAN induces liberation of pheromone precursors from the triacylglycerols during pheromone biosynthesis but does not induce replenishment of this storage pool. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1996 VL 32 IS 2 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1996)32:2<249::AID-ARCH8>3.0.CO;2-T PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA UL911 UT WOS:A1996UL91100008 ER PT J AU Ujvary, I Matolcsy, G Belai, I Szurdoki, F Bauer, K Varjas, L Kramer, KJ AF Ujvary, I Matolcsy, G Belai, I Szurdoki, F Bauer, K Varjas, L Kramer, KJ TI Projuvenoids: Synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfenylated, sulfinylated, and sulfonylated carbamates SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VI International Conference on Juvenile Hormones CY SEP 10-15, 1995 CL WOODS HOLE, MA DE juvenile hormone analogs; fenoxycarb; proinsecticides; sulfenylcarbamates; sulfinylcarbamates AB Applying the proinsecticide principle developed earlier for neurotoxic carbamate insecticides, a series of new N-sulfenylated, N-sulfinylated, and N-sulfonylated derivatives of fenoxycarb were synthesized and evaluated for juvenile hormone mimicking activity. Laboratory evaluations of the compounds using Pieris brassicae and Sitophilus oryzae, as well as field experiments using Bemisia tabaci, showed that several symmetrical biscarbamates with either a sulfenyl or sulfinyl bridge possessed higher activity than the parent carbamate. From the unsymmetrical compounds containing biologically inert derivatizing moieties, one of the sulfenylated biscarbamates also showed improved activity against P. brassicae. The changes in the biological activity of the sulfur-containing derivatives compared to that of the parent compound are attributed to the modified physicochemical characteristics, i.e., increased lipophilicity facilitating penetration, transport, as well as protection of the compound from metabolism. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS. RP Ujvary, I (reprint author), HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST PLANT PROTECT,POB 102,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RI Belai, Ivan/E-4543-2011 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 659 EP 669 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA UZ517 UT WOS:A1996UZ51700037 PM 8756313 ER PT J AU Short, JD Guo, DA Svoboda, JA Nes, WD AF Short, JD Guo, DA Svoboda, JA Nes, WD TI Mechanistic and metabolic studies of sterol 24,25-double bond reduction in Manduca sexta SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Manduca sexta; tobacco hornworm; sitosterol; desmosterol; cholesterol ID STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS; CHOLESTEROL-BIOSYNTHESIS; MEMBRANE-FUNCTION; LANOSTEROL; INHIBITION; INSECTS; DELTA-8-STEROLS; TRANSFORMATION; ASSAY AB Larvae of Manduca sexta were used to obtain a cell-free sterol 24,25-reductase. From the midgut of fifth instar larvae fed a mixture of sitosterol and campesterol a microsome-bound 24,25-sterol reductase was prepared that transformed desmosterol (K-m, 3 mu M), lanosterol (K-m, 18 mu M), and cycloartenol (K-m, 33 mu M) to cholesterol, 24,25-dihydrolanosterol, and cycloartanol, respectively. With desmosterol as substrate, the microsome-bound enzyme was found to incorporate tritium into cholesterol from 4S-tritium labelled NADPH. [24-H-2]lanosterol was transformed by larvae to [24-H-2]24,25-dihydrolanosterol (structure confirmed by mass spectroscopy (MS) and H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A rationally designed inhibitor of 24,25-reductase activity, 24(R,S),25-epiminolanosterol (IL), was assayed and found to be inhibitory with an I-50 of 2 mu M. IL was supplemented in the diet of M. sexta with either sitosterol or stigmasterol and found to inhibit development ( (I-50, 60 ppm). The major sterol which accumulated in the Ii-treated larvae was desmosterol, confirming the site of inhibition was reduction of the 24,25-bond. IL was converted to [2-H-3]IL when fed to the larvae. [2-H-3]lanosterol was recovered from fifth instar larvae and its structure confirmed by MS and radiochemical techniques. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RI ding, zuoqi/C-9271-2013 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA TM578 UT WOS:A1996TM57800001 ER PT J AU Jimenez, DR Gilliam, M AF Jimenez, DR Gilliam, M TI Peroxisomal enzymes in the honey bee midgut SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid phosphatase; Apis mellifera; B-oxidation; catalase; lysosome; polyethism; senescence ID ACYL-COA OXIDASE; APIS-MELLIFERA L; RAT-LIVER; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FAT-BODY; CYTOCHEMICAL-LOCALIZATION; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BETA-OXIDATION AB Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles that contain catalase (CAT) and an array of inducible enzymes that regulate aspects of lipid, purine, xenobiotic, eicosanoid, and phospholipid metabolism. Although peroxisomes are recognized as essential components in the cellular economy of microorganisms, plants, and mammals, little is known about their specialized functions in insect metabolism. Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) is a flavin-linked, H2O2-producing enzyme that regulates the beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids. We measured ACO and CAT activity in midgut tissues from worker honey bees, Apis mellifera, of known ages from free-flying colonies. The ACO activity peaked in young worker bees that digest and assimilate nutrients from pollen and from trophallaxis. As the bees aged, ACO activity declined. Conversely, CAT activity increased as the bees aged and reached its highest level in the oldest bees that were assayed. Isolated honey bee midguts were then fractionated using sucrose and Metrizamide (MET) density gradient centrifugation. Organelle-bound CAT activity equilibrated in sucrose at densities between 1.19 and 1.22, which are typical of spherical 1 mu m peroxisomes. In the MET gradients, the organelle-bound CAT separated into two distinct fractions. The heavier fraction equilibrated at 1.21 and the lighter fraction at 1.15, a density commonly associated with microperoxisomes. These results support our ultrastructural and cytochemical data and suggest that the diverse functions of regionally specialized midgut epithelial cells lead to a heterogeneous population of peroxisomal organelles. ACO activity confirms the role of midgut peroxisomes in the intermediary metabolism of lipids and the increasing CAT activity suggests that the midgut epithelium may metabolize deleterious pro-oxidants of aerobic metabolism associated with foraging and senescence. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 87 EP 103 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1996)31:1<87::AID-ARCH6>3.0.CO;2-U PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA TM578 UT WOS:A1996TM57800006 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Fescemyer, HW Heckel, DG Gahan, LJ Davis, RE Kelly, TJ AF Adamczyk, JJ Fescemyer, HW Heckel, DG Gahan, LJ Davis, RE Kelly, TJ TI Sex-specific and hormone-controlled expression of a vitellogenin-encoding gene in the gypsy moth SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE development; hormonal control; insect; Lepidoptera; molecular biology; reproduction; sequence homology ID LYMANTRIA-DISPAR L; PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; JUVENILE-HORMONE; YOLK PROTEINS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; HEMOLYMPH VITELLOGENIN; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB Microvitellogenin and vitellogenin cDNA from Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) were tested for use as molecular probes to investigate the expression of genes coding for vitellogenins in Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) and Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth). Cross-hybridization was not observed between the M. sexta cDNAs and S. frugiperda DNA and mRNA. Vitellogenin cDNA from M. sexta did not hybridize to L. dispar DNA or mRNA. However, the 834 bp microvitellogenin cDNA from M. sexta hybridized to an approximately 850 bp transcript in L. dispar mRNA. A 2.5 kb cDNA clone, pz64, was isolated from late last instar larvae of female L. dispar by differential screening. This clone has 38% amino acid sequence (deduced) and 55% nucleic acid sequence similarities with the 3'-end of high molecular weight vitellogenin in Bombyx mori (silkworm). When used as a probe in northern analysis of L. dispar mRNA, this cDNA hybridized to a 5.3 kb transcript in female last instar larvae, pupae, and adults, but not to male last instar larvae and adults. This cDNA did not hybridize to mRNA from M. sexta or S. frugiperda. Expression of the 5.3 kb vitellogenin transcript hybridizing to the 2.5 kb cDNA clone was suppressed in 5-day-old last instar larvae of female L. dispar treated on day 2 with doses of the juvenile hormone analog, methoprene, greater than 10 nmol. Apparently, the high in vivo titer of juvenile hormone during the first 2 days of the last instar represses the transcription of vitellogenin mRNA. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CLEMSON UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, CLEMSON, SC 29634 USA. CLEMSON UNIV, DEPT SCI BIOL, CLEMSON, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI Heckel, David/K-2138-2013 OI Heckel, David/0000-0001-8991-2150 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 237 EP 256 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA TX519 UT WOS:A1996TX51900001 PM 8742824 ER PT J AU Weirich, GF Williams, VP Feldlaufer, MF AF Weirich, GF Williams, VP Feldlaufer, MF TI Ecdysone 20-hydroxylation in Manduca sexta midgut: Kinetic parameters of mitochondrial and microsomal ecdysone 20-monooxygenases SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco hornworm; cytochrome P-450; ecdysone 20-monooxygenase; microsomes; mitochondria ID 3-OXOECDYSTEROID REDUCTASES; STEROID HYDROXYLASE; ALPHA-ECDYSONE; HOUSE-FLY; CYTOCHROME-P-450; LOCALIZATION; ECDYSTERONE; OXIDASE; LOCUST; STAGE AB The larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, has high ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (E20MO) activity, located both in the mitochondria and in the microsomes. The apparent kinetic parameters for E20MO in mitochondria and microsomes were determined. The K(m)s (for ecdysone) of the mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes were 1.63 x 10(-5) and 3.67 x 10(-7) M, respectively. The V-max was 82.7 pmol/min/mg protein for mitochondria and 32.0 pmol/min/mg protein for microsomes. Although the mitochondrial E20MO has the higher V-max, at physiological ecdysone concentrations (10(-7) - 10(-8) M) it is only one-eighth to one-tenth as active as the microsomal enzyme. It is concluded that the microsomal E20MO is the primary, if not the only, enzyme involved in ecdysone 20-hydroxylation in M. sexta midgut. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP Weirich, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 467,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1996)31:3<305::AID-ARCH5>3.0.CO;2-W PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA TX519 UT WOS:A1996TX51900005 ER PT J AU KrebsSmith, SM Cook, DA Subar, AF Cleveland, L Friday, J Kahle, LL AF KrebsSmith, SM Cook, DA Subar, AF Cleveland, L Friday, J Kahle, LL TI Fruit and vegetable intakes of children and adolescents in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION AB Objectives: To identify the ways in which fruits and vegetables are consumed by children, to provide estimates of their intakes compared with recommendations, and to estimate the percentage of children meeting those recommendations. Design: We examined 3 days of dietary data from respondents in the US Department of Agriculture's 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. All foods reported in the survey were disaggregated into their component ingredients; all fruit and vegetable ingredients were assigned specific weights to correspond with a serving as defined by current dietary guidance materials; and the number of servings of each fruit and vegetable was tallied. Participants: A total of 3148 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years in the 48 conterminous United States. Main Outcome Measures: Percentages of fruit and vegetable servings consumed in various forms, mean number of servings consumed per day, and percentage of persons meeting various recommendations by sex/age, race/ethnicity, and household income. Results: Nearly one quarter of all vegetables consumed by children and adolescents were french fries. Their intakes of all fruits and of dark green and/or deep yellow vegetables were very low compared with recommendations. Only one in five children consumed five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Conclusion: Pediatricians should encourage the consumption of fruits and vegetables, especially dark green and deep yellow vegetables, by children. C1 USDA,RIVERDALE,MD. INFORMAT MANAGEMENT SERV INC,SILVER SPRING,MD. RP KrebsSmith, SM (reprint author), NCI,DCPC,EXECUT PLAZA N,RM 313,6130 EXECUT BLVD,MSC 7344,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 21 TC 248 Z9 257 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 150 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA TP037 UT WOS:A1996TP03700013 PM 8542012 ER PT J AU Satyanarayana, T Mitchell, SE Reddy, DVR Brown, S Kresovich, S Jarret, R Naidu, RA Demski, JW AF Satyanarayana, T Mitchell, SE Reddy, DVR Brown, S Kresovich, S Jarret, R Naidu, RA Demski, JW TI Peanut bud necrosis tospovirus S RNA: Complete nucleotide sequence, genome organization and homology to other tospoviruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED WILT VIRUS; BUNYAVIRIDAE; SEGMENT; INDIA AB The complete nucleotide sequence of the S RNA of peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV) has been determined. The RNA is 3057 nucleotides in length, contains inverted repeats and two open reading frames (ORFs) with an ambisense coding strategy that are separated by an A + U-rich intergenic region. One ORF (1 320 nucleotides in the viral sense strand) encodes a Mr 49.5 kDa protein, identified as the nonstructural (NSs) protein based on similarity to published tospovirus sequences. The second ORF (831 nucleotides in virus complementary strand) encodes a Mr 30.6kDa protein. This protein was identified as the nucleocapsid (N) protein based on sequence similarities. Amino acid sequence comparison of N and NSs proteins revealed identities of 22-34% with the reported tospovirus isolates of serogroups I, II, and III, whereas it had 82-86% identity with viruses in serogroup IV, watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMV) and tomato isolate of peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV-To). Two subgenomic RNA species detected in PBNV infected tissue corresponded to the predicted sizes (1.65 and 1.4 kb) of the NSs and N mRNAs. The data presented show conclusively that PBNV should be included in serogroup IV, along with WSMV and PBNV-To. C1 IAC, INST CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP, DIV CROP PROTECT, PATANCHERU 502324, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA. USDA, PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT, GRIFFIN, GA USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, GEORGIA EXPT STN, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. RI Rayapati, Naidu/A-7125-2009 NR 37 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 1 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1007/BF01718590 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA TR997 UT WOS:A1996TR99700007 PM 8629953 ER PT J AU Salm, SN Rey, MEC French, R AF Salm, SN Rey, MEC French, R TI Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the 3'-terminal region of a South African isolate of ryegrass mosaic virus RNA and in vitro expression of the coat protein gene SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CAPSID PROTEIN; PLANT-VIRUS; POTYVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; CLEAVAGE; STRAIN; DNA AB The 2094 nucleotides at the 3'-terminus of a South African isolate of ryegrass mosaic virus (RGMV) was cloned and sequenced. Two putative polyprotein cleavage sites were found: Q/L and E/A, both of which are novel in the Potyviridae. The RGMV-SA cDNA was cloned into an expression vector, pUEX, and a fusion protein of 185 kDa was obtained which reacted strongly to anti-RGMV-SA antiserum. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequence of RGMV-SA with those of other Potyviridae members showed limited identity, indicating that RGMV-SA is a definite and distinct virus. C1 UNIV WITWATERSRAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. RANGE & FORAGE INST,PRETORIA,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 1 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1007/BF01718600 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA TR997 UT WOS:A1996TR99700017 PM 8629947 ER PT J AU Borca, MV Irusta, PM Kutish, GF Carrillo, C Afonso, CL Burrage, T Neilan, JG Rock, DL AF Borca, MV Irusta, PM Kutish, GF Carrillo, C Afonso, CL Burrage, T Neilan, JG Rock, DL TI A structural DNA binding protein of African swine fever virus with similarity to bacterial histone-like proteins SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MULTIPLE ALIGNMENT; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INFECTED-CELLS; GENE; HOMOLOGY; CONSTRUCTION; POLYMERASE; ENCODES AB Here we describe an African swine fever virus (ASFV) protein encoded by the open reading frame 5-AR that shares structural and functional similarities with the family of bacterial histone-like proteins which include histone-like DNA binding proteins, integration host factor, and Bacillus phage SPO1 transcription factor, TF1. The ASFV 5-AR gene was cloned by PCR and expressed in E, coli. Monospecific antiserum prepared to the 5-AR bacterial expression product specifically immunoprecipitated a protein of approximately 1.6 kDa from ASFV infected swine macrophages at late times post-infection. Additionally, the 5-AR expression product was strongly recognized by ASFV convalescent pig serum, indicating its antigenicity during natural infection. Cloned p11.6 bound both double and single stranded DNA-cellulose columns. Consistent with a DNA binding function, immunoelectronmicroscopy localized p11.6 to the virion nucleoid. To our knowledge, p11.6 is the first bacterial histone-like DNA-binding protein found in an animal virus or eukaryotic cell system. C1 USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 2 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1007/BF01718401 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA TX863 UT WOS:A1996TX86300008 PM 8634022 ER PT J AU Geske, SM French, R Robertson, NL Carroll, TW AF Geske, SM French, R Robertson, NL Carroll, TW TI Purification and coat protein gene sequence of a Montana RMV-like isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA-POLYMERASES; MAV ISOLATE; RPV ISOLATE; LUTEOVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; ANTIBODIES AB A Montana barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) isolate, BYDV-RMV-MT, is serologically identical to the New York RMV type isolate (RMV-NY) but differs in aphid transmission phenotype. A purification procedure for BYDV-RMV-MT was developed and cDNAs encompassing the entire coat protein gene and a portion of the putative polymerase gene of both RMV-MT and RMV-NY were cloned and sequenced. Diameters of RMV-MT virions averaged 24.7 nm. Average virus yield was 4.2 mg/kg plant tissue. There was 81% sequence identity between the clones of MT and NY RMV isolates at the nucleotide level. At the amino acid level the polymerase genes were 91% identical to each other and 74% homologous with that of beet western yellow virus. The coat protein amino acid sequences of the two RMV isolates were only 81% identical and, compared to other sequenced luteoviruses, both were most similar to cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 3-4 BP 541 EP 556 DI 10.1007/BF01718316 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA UF513 UT WOS:A1996UF51300012 PM 8645094 ER PT J AU Stadejek, T Warg, J Ridpath, JF AF Stadejek, T Warg, J Ridpath, JF TI Comparative sequence analysis of the 5' noncoding region of classical swine fever virus strains from Europe, Asia, and America SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NUCLEIC-ACID; GENOME; AMPLIFICATION AB Polymerase chain reaction was utilized to determine the sequence of a 280 base pair fragment from cDNAs of the 5' noncoding region of 29 isolates of classical swine fever virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed low level genomic variation that correlated with the geographic origins of the isolates. C1 USDA,APHIS,VS,NVSL,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,ENTER DIS RES,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 3-4 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1007/BF01718335 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA UF513 UT WOS:A1996UF51300031 PM 8645113 ER PT J AU Bolin, SR Ridpath, JF AF Bolin, SR Ridpath, JF TI Glycoprotein E2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus expressed in insect cells provides calves limited protection from systemic infection and disease SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; SWINE FEVER VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN-E1; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; STRAIN BRESCIA; PROTEIN AB Calves were vaccinated with a C-terminally truncated baculovirus expression product of E2 from the Singer strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus. The expressed E2 was glycosylated and retained antigenic authenticity. After induction of viral neutralizing antibody, the calves were challenge exposed with either the homologous Singer strain of virus or with the heterologous 890 strain of virus. Vaccine-induced antibody titer of greater than or equal to 2 protected calves from clinical signs of disease induced by homologous viral challenge exposure. An antibody titer of greater than or equal to 512 reduced replication of homologous challenge virus to a level which did not induce an appreciable increase in serologic titer of viral neutralizing antibody. Vaccine-induced antibody titer of less than or equal to 4096 did not protect calves from systemic spread of virus or from disease after challenge exposure with heterologous bovine viral diarrhea virus. RP Bolin, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 36 TC 53 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 8 BP 1463 EP 1477 DI 10.1007/BF01718248 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA VF930 UT WOS:A1996VF93000008 PM 8856027 ER PT J AU Xu, L Hampton, RO AF Xu, L Hampton, RO TI Molecular detection of bean common mosaic and bean common mosaic necrosis potyviruses and pathogroups SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEINS; VIRUS; STRAINS AB Partial nucleotide sequences of selected isolates of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) were determined. Based on these sequences and previously published sequence data, a reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in combination with restriction endonuclease analyses, was developed for molecular detection of BCMV, BCMNV and some viral pathogroups (PG). Specific detection of the two viruses was accomplished by constructing two virus-specific primer pairs that amplified a PCR product specific for each virus. By application of RT-PCR, four BCMV-PG-V isolates were differentiated from isolates of BCMV pathogroups I, II, IV and VII. Distinction of two BCMNV pathogroups (PG-III and PG-VI) was achieved by restriction enzyme XbaI digestion of BCMNV PCR products. However, no combination of tested restriction enzymes distinguished all five recognized BCMV pathogroups. A primer pair Dts/Uny15 proved to be specific for BCMV pathogroup PG-V. Thus, by a combination of RT-PCR and restriction enzyme analyses, it was possible: to differentiate both viruses, two pathogroups of BCMNV, and one pathogroup of BCMV from the others. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 10 BP 1961 EP 1977 DI 10.1007/BF01718207 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA VN926 UT WOS:A1996VN92600012 PM 8920828 ER PT J AU Salm, SN Rey, MEC Robertson, NL French, R Rabenstein, F Schubert, J AF Salm, SN Rey, MEC Robertson, NL French, R Rabenstein, F Schubert, J TI Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the partial genomes of Agropyron and Hordeum mosaic viruses, two members of the Rymovirus genus in the taxonomic family Potyviridae SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN; CAPSID PROTEIN; 3'-TERMINAL REGION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PLANT-VIRUS; RNA; POTYVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; ISOLATE AB Complementary DNAs encompassing the coat protein coding and adjacent regions of Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV) and Hordeum mosaic virus (HoMV) were cloned and sequenced, Comparison with other sequenced potyviruses indicated that each clone contained the 3'-non-coding region (3'NCR), the coat protein (CP) gene and part of the nuclear inclusion protein (NIb) gene. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons of the 3'-terminal regions of these and other rymoviruses indicate that distinct groups exist. Ryegrass mosaic virus (RGMV)strains share sequence similarity with AgMV and HoMV. Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and brome streak mosaic virus (BrSMV) form a separate group, sharing limited sequence similarity with the other rymoviruses. It is proposed that subgroups occur within the Rymovirus genus, depending on the vector species involved in transmission and on sequences. C1 UNIV WITWATERSRAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,ZA-2050 JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. RANGE & FORAGE INST,PRETORIA,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. FED CTR BREEDING RES CULTIVATED PLANTS,ASCHERSLEBEN,GERMANY. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 11 BP 2115 EP 2127 DI 10.1007/BF01718219 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA VU643 UT WOS:A1996VU64300007 PM 8973527 ER PT J AU Jang, HK Ono, M Kato, Y Tohya, Y Niikura, M Mikami, T AF Jang, HK Ono, M Kato, Y Tohya, Y Niikura, M Mikami, T TI Identification of a potential Marek's disease virus serotype 2 glycoprotein D gene with homology to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D - Brief report SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHORT UNIQUE REGION; SEQUENCE; PROMOTER; ORGANIZATION; PROTEIN; TURKEYS; MDV; MAP AB The gene of Marek's disease virus (MDV) serotype 2 (MDV2) homologous to glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was identified and characterized by its nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences. The MDV2 gD homologous gene contains an open reading frame capable of specifying a polypeptide of 385 amino acids, which include N- and C-terminal hydrophobic domains consistent with signal and anchor regions, respectively, and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, one of which was located in a highly conserved region when compared to MDV serotype 1 (MDV1) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). By northern blot analysis using a MDV2 gD-specific DNA probe, two highly abundant polycistronic 6.0 and 4.2 kb transcripts were detected in MDV2-infected cells. The genes encoding MDV2 protein kinase (PK), go, and glycoprotein I (gI) homologues are transcribed to form 3' coterminal mRNAs of 6.0 kb (encoding PK, gD and gI) and 4.2 kb (encoding gD and gI), respectively. By using rapid amplification cDNA end (RACE) method, several RNA start sites, to be thought those of the 4.2 kb mRNA, were detected in the upstream of MDV2 gD homologue. C1 UNIV TOKYO,FAC AGR,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. KAGOSHIMA UNIV,KAGOSHIMA 890,JAPAN. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1996 VL 141 IS 11 BP 2207 EP 2216 DI 10.1007/BF01718226 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA VU643 UT WOS:A1996VU64300014 PM 8973534 ER PT J AU LopezSegura, F Velasco, F LopezMiranda, J Castro, P LopezPedrera, R Blanco, A JimenezPereperez, J Torres, A Trujillo, J Ordovas, JM PerezJimenez, F AF LopezSegura, F Velasco, F LopezMiranda, J Castro, P LopezPedrera, R Blanco, A JimenezPereperez, J Torres, A Trujillo, J Ordovas, JM PerezJimenez, F TI Monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet decreases plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE low-fat diets; monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets; plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1; insulin; fibrinolytic system ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HUMAN BLOOD-COAGULATION; HEALTHY-YOUNG MEN; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; ARTERY DISEASE; FACTOR-VII AB An increase in levels of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is one of the main hemostatic alterations in patients with coronary heart disease. Despite growing interest in the fibrinolytic system, few studies have been undertaken to determine the effect exerted on it by the different dietary fatty acids. We investigated the effect of a monounsaturated fat (MUFA)-rich diet in comparison with a low-fat diet (National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 diet) (NCEP-1) on factors involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. We also determined the effect of dietary cholesterol on these blood parameters. Twenty-one young, male: healthy volunteers followed two low-fat/high-carbohydrate diets (<30% fat, <10% saturated fat, 14% MUFA) for 24 days each, with 115 or 280 mg of cholesterol per 1000 kcal per day, and two oleic acid-enriched diets (38% fat, 24% MUFA) with the same dietary cholesterol as the low-fat/high-carbohydrate diets. Plasma levels of fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragments 1+2, plasminogen, ct, antiplasmin, and tissue plasminogen activator were not significantly different among the experimental diets used in this study. Consumption of the diet rich in MUFA resulted in a significant decrease in both PAI-1 plasma activity (P<.005) and antigenic PAI-I (P<.04) compared with the carbohydrate-rich diet (NCEP-1). The addition of dietary cholesterol to each of these diets did not result in any significant additional effect, Changes in insulin levels and PAI-1 activity were positively correlated (r=.425; P<.02). In conclusion, consumption of diets rich in MUFAs decreases PAI-1 plasma activity, which is accompanied by a parallel decrease in plasma insulin levels. C1 UNIV CORDOBA,HOSP REINA SOFIA,UNIDAD LIPIDOS & ARTERIOSCLEROSIS,E-14004 CORDOBA,SPAIN. UNIV CORDOBA,HOSP REINA SOFIA,SERV HEMATOL,E-14004 CORDOBA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 58 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA TP124 UT WOS:A1996TP12400012 PM 8548431 ER PT J AU Broadbent, P Gottwald, TR Gilkeson, CF Franks, N Dephoff, CM AF Broadbent, P Gottwald, TR Gilkeson, CF Franks, N Dephoff, CM TI Identification of citrus blight in the Riverina, New South Wales SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS; WATER AB Citrus blight was identified in two orchards at Lake Wyangan in the Riverina area of Neu South Wales on the basis of field symptomatology, impaired water uptake, zinc accumulation in trunk bark, plugging of xylem cells and positive serological assays (immunospot and Western blot) for the 12 kD blight-associated protein. Xylella fastidiosa was not detected. Spatial analyses indicated a lack of association of adjacent blighted trees at 5, 10 and 15% blight incidence. Spatial and spatio-temporal analyses confirmed this lack of adjacency and also indicated little or no associations among blighted trees over greater distances or over time. Therefore, root-graft transmission of blight was not a likely contributor to spatial processes of the blight epidemic in the orchard studied in New South Wales. C1 ARS, USDA, US HORT RES LAB, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. MACQUARIE UNIV, ELECTRON MICROSCOPE UNIT, N RYDE, NSW 2109, AUSTRALIA. RP Broadbent, P (reprint author), NEW S WALES AGR & FISHERIES, BIOL & CHEM RES INST, PMB 10, RYDALMERE, NSW 2116, AUSTRALIA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0815-3191 EI 1448-6032 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 1996 VL 25 IS 2 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1071/AP96021 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UU970 UT WOS:A1996UU97000008 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK French, AD Reilly, PJ AF Dowd, MK French, AD Reilly, PJ TI MM3(92) analysis of inositol ring puckering SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; OPTICAL-ACTIVITY; ENERGY; HYDROCARBONS; CONSTANTS; SPECTRA AB The molecular mechanics method MM3(92) was used to study the puckering of the nine inositoi isomers. Energy surfaces were generated based on the Cremer-Pople puckering definitions and the geometric plate carree representations of Pickett and Strauss. Chair forms are favoured for all the inositol isomers in agreement with experiment. The lowest energy non-chair form, more than 10 kJ/mol in free energy above the chair, is a skew of muco-inositol, in which all the hydroxyls are oriented either equatorially or pseudo-equatorially Hydrogen-hydrogen coupling constants are in good agreement with experiment. The predicted order of stability for the isomers is scyllo- > myo- > chiro- > neo- > epi > muco- approximate to allo- > cis-inositol. This order generally agrees with Angyal's proposed stability order based on the number and type of gauche: and 1,3-diaxial ring substituents. In contrast with recent ab initio calculations and values calculated with Angyal's method, the MM3 gas-phase free energy of scyllo-inositol was lower than that of myo-inositol by 5.5 kJ/mol. The calculated transition energy for the chair-to-chair conversion of cis-inositol differs by 12.5-17.2 kJ/mol from the experimental value, depending on the strength of the electrostatic field. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9425 J9 AUST J CHEM JI Aust. J. Chem. PY 1996 VL 49 IS 3 BP 327 EP 335 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA UM468 UT WOS:A1996UM46800011 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM Chen, JW Percy, RG Sharifi, MR Rundel, PW Zeiger, E AF Lu, ZM Chen, JW Percy, RG Sharifi, MR Rundel, PW Zeiger, E TI Genetic variation in carbon isotope discrimination and its relation to stomatal conductance in pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense) SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FIELD; GENOTYPES; WHEAT; YIELD; DIOXIDE; LEAVES AB Stable carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) was evaluated in primitive and cultivated Gossypium barbadense L. Significant differences among cultivated Pima lines were positively associated with the degree of selection for lint yield and heat resistance. A population mean study of a cross between B368, a primitive, uncultivated G. barbadense, and Pima S-6, an advanced line, showed that Delta is probably under genetic control, and could be a suitable selection trait in breeding programs. Eleven uncultivated accessions of primitive G. barbadense of varying origins grown in one environment showed a broad range of Delta values (18.8-20.5 parts per thousand), pointing to substantial genetic variation of Delta in the G, barbadense germplasm. Delta was strongly correlated with stomatal conductance (g(s)) in the commercial lines, a segregating F-2 population of the B368 x Pima S-6 cross, and the collection of uncultivated G. barbadense. This relationship indicates that variation in gs is the main source of variation for Delta in both uncultivated and commercial G. barbadense. The positive correlation between Delta, g(s) and yield in the commercial Pima lines provides further evidence for selection pressures on higher g(s) ensuing from selection for higher yield and heat resistance. Selection for higher Delta could increase yield in crops grown in hot, high irradiance, and well-irrigated environments. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DOE LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. USDA ARS,PIMA COTTON BREEDING & GENET,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1996 VL 23 IS 2 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UB766 UT WOS:A1996UB76600002 ER PT J AU Badiani, M Paolacci, AR Miglietta, F Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Garcia, RL Hunsaker, DJ LaMorte, RL Wall, GW AF Badiani, M Paolacci, AR Miglietta, F Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Garcia, RL Hunsaker, DJ LaMorte, RL Wall, GW TI Seasonal variations of antioxidants in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves grown under field conditions SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RADICAL REDUCTASE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES; PICEA-ABIES; OXYGEN; ASCORBATE; PLANTS; STRESS; GLUTATHIONE; NEEDLES; MECHANISM AB Water-soluble antioxidants, glycolate oxidase activity and net photosynthesis were measured from seedling establishment to physiological maturity, in healthy, expanded, uppermost leaves collected weekly from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora Rojo) plants growing under near-optimum field conditions. Most of the antioxidants fluctuated in a cyclic, non-regular manner throughout the season, the strongest oscillations being shown by glutathione and by H2O2-scavenging enzymes. Time series analysis revealed significant correlation among the seasonal profiles of those antioxidants participating in the 'ascorbate-glutathione cycle'. Their seasonal changes were also synchronised with those of both midday maximal net CO2 assimilation rate and of glycolate oxidase activity. This could confirm, over the whole of plant ontogeny and in field-grown plant material, the connections among photosynthetic activity and the plant cell antioxidant network and could suggest that similar mechanisms intervene in the integrated control of active oxygen generated during photorespiration. Peaks of antioxidant levels concentrated during certain periods of the plant growing season. Since no evidence of environmental stress was concurrently observed, it is suggested that a higher antioxidant capacity could be required in order to face endogenous and transient oxidative strain associated with definite plant developmental stages, namely juvenility, floral induction, stem elongation, anthesis and senescence. C1 CNR,IST AGROMETEORL & ANAL AMBIENTALE APPL AGR,I-50145 FLORENCE,ITALY. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Badiani, M (reprint author), UNIV VITERBO,DIPARTIMENTO AGROBIOL & AGROCHIM,VIA SC LELLIS,I-01100 VITERBO,ITALY. RI Miglietta, Franco/B-6137-2008; Miglietta, Franco/A-1257-2009; OI Miglietta, Franco/0000-0003-1474-8143; Badiani, Maurizio/0000-0002-7406-8089 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1996 VL 23 IS 6 BP 687 EP 698 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VZ370 UT WOS:A1996VZ37000003 ER PT J AU Westgate, ME Passioura, JB Munns, R AF Westgate, ME Passioura, JB Munns, R TI Water status and ABA content of floral organs in drought-stressed wheat SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; flowering; abscisic acid; root signals; uniculm wheat; pollen mother cell meiosis; water potential; osmotic adjustment; turgor ID ABSCISIC-ACID LEVELS; GRAIN NUMBER; DRYING SOIL; LEAF EXPANSION; PLANT-GROWTH; ROOT SIGNALS; HEAT-STRESS; POD SET; MAIZE; CULTIVARS AB Chemical signals from roots have been shown to mediate the response of vegetative shoots to drought. Our objective was to test whether root signals such as abscisic acid (ABA) affect grain set in wheat. Uniculm wheat was grown in a controlled environment and exposed to a water deficit from pollen mother cell meiosis to late boot stage-a period of reproductive development very sensitive to drought. The water deficit decreased grain numbers per spike up to 70%. As soil moisture was depleted, leaf, glume, ovary and anther water potential (Psi(W)) decreased with leaf Psi(W). Turgor decreased in the leaves, but remained at or above control levels in all floral organs examined. Free ABA content of leaves increased 30-fold as leaf turgor declined, while ABA in floral organs increased 10-15-fold. To separate the effects of shoot and root water status on grain set, plants were pressurised to maintain leaf Psi(W) at control levels as the soil dried. Pressurisation increased flowers and grains per spike over that of droughted plants at comparable soil water suctions, but not to control levels. Free ABA content in leaves and floral organs increased only about 3-fold when leaves were maintained at high Psi(W). Shoot water status had a greater effect on grain set than did soil water status. In both pressurised and unpressurised plants, grains per spike and percentage grain set decreased with increasing ABA content in ovaries and anthers. The results indicate that maintenance of a high shoot water status reduces the effect of soil water deficit on grain set by reducing the accumulation of ABA. C1 CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. CSIRO,COOPERAT RES CTR PLANT SCI,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RP Westgate, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. RI Munns, Rana/B-4237-2013; Munns, Rana/B-4016-2014; Passioura, John/B-6908-2011 NR 33 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 23 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1996 VL 23 IS 6 BP 763 EP 772 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VZ370 UT WOS:A1996VZ37000010 ER PT J AU Baker, GL Dysart, RJ Pigott, RG AF Baker, GL Dysart, RJ Pigott, RG TI Parasitism of grasshopper and locust eggs (Orthoptera: Acrididae) by Scelio species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in southern Australia SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Surveys of Scelio spp., parasites of acridid eggs, were conducted in southern Australia during 1990-94. Parasitism of economically important grasshopper and locust species was frequently substantial confirming an important, albeit often localised, role by Scelio spp. in regulating host populations. Parasitism of Phaulacridium vittatum eggpods in tableland districts averaged 33.5% +/- s.d. 9.5 (range 27.4-47.1) and Chortoicetes terminifera throughout southern Australia averaged 19.8% +/- s.d. 24.6 (range 0-78.9). Scelio spp. were stenophagous and although some species parasitised several hosts, typically a principal host was readily identifiable. Scelio parvicornis was an exception in having two equally important hosts (P. vittatum and C. terminifera) and several subordinate alternative hosts (Oedaleus australis, Brachyexarna lobipennis and A. vulgaris). New hosts were recorded for S. fulgidus (Gastrimargus musicus), S. chortoicetes (Austroicetes vulgaris), S. parvicornis (Brachyexarna lobipennis, P. vittatum and A. vulgaris), S. flavicornis (C. terminifera), S. sp. nr flavicornis (Praxibulus insolens), S. ignobilis (Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus), S. bipartitus (C. terminifera) and S. orientalis (P. insolens). Significant new geographic distributions include S. parvicornis, S. fulgidus, S. sp. nr improcerus and S. flavicornis from Western Australia and S. orientalis and S. ignobilis from New South Wales. Undescribed species were reared from 29 pods of C. terminifera, P. vittatum, Macrotona australis and P. insolens. C1 ARS,USDA,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,SIDNEY,MT 59270. NEW S WALES AGR,DUBBO,NSW 2830,AUSTRALIA. RP Baker, GL (reprint author), NEW S WALES AGR,PMB 10,RYDALMERE,NSW 2116,AUSTRALIA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-959X J9 AUST J ZOOL JI Aust. J. Zool. PY 1996 VL 44 IS 4 BP 427 EP 443 DI 10.1071/ZO9960427 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA VF442 UT WOS:A1996VF44200005 ER PT J AU Ziprin, RL Kogut, MH McGruder, ED Hargis, BM DeLoach, JR AF Ziprin, RL Kogut, MH McGruder, ED Hargis, BM DeLoach, JR TI Efficacy of Salmonella enteritidis (SE)-immune lymphokines from chickens and turkeys on SE liver invasion in one-day-old chicks and turkey poults SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE lymphokines; cytokines; turkeys; poults; chicks; salmonellosis ID RESISTANCE; INTERLEUKIN-1; COLONIZATION; INFECTION AB We have shown previously that increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis(SE) organ infectivity in 1-day-old chicks was conferred by the immunoprophylactic administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SEILK). These lymphokines have been found to be present in the cell culture media of concanavalin A-stimulated splenic lymphocytes obtained from SE-immunized chickens. In the present study we evaluated whether turkeys also produced SEILK and whether these lymphokines could protect 1-day-old chicks and turkey poults against SE liver invasion. In addition, we tested the ability of our original chicken SEILK to reduce SE liver invasion in turkey poults. Day-of-hatch chicks and turkey poults were injected intraperitoneally with immune lymphokines of either chicken or turkey origin. One hour later the birds were challenged per os with SE, and 20 hours later their livers were examined by bacteriological methods for the presence of SE. We found that SEILK induced from the splenic lymphocytes of SE-immunized turkeys reduced SE liver invasion in both chicks and turkey poults. Conversely, we also determined that SEILK produced by chicken splenic lymphocytes conferred protection against invasion by SE in turkey poults. This research is the first report of the production of SEILK in turkeys and also the first report on the cross-species activity of these effector molecules in chickens and turkeys. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP Ziprin, RL (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 40 IS 1 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.2307/1592388 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UC038 UT WOS:A1996UC03800024 PM 8713033 ER PT J AU Hafner, S Goodwin, MA Smith, EJ Bounous, DI Puette, M Kelley, LC Langheinrich, KA Fadly, AM AF Hafner, S Goodwin, MA Smith, EJ Bounous, DI Puette, M Kelley, LC Langheinrich, KA Fadly, AM TI Multicentric histiocytosis in young chickens. Gross and light microscopic pathology SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken; histiocytosis ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS; HEMOPHAGOCYTIC SYNDROME; DISEASE AB During 1991-94, tissue specimens from 262 young chicken carcasses condemned at slaughter contained novel multicentric proliferations of histiocytelike cells. These tissues had been submitted to the USDA FSIS Eastern Laboratory because of grossly enlarged spleens, livers, or kidneys. The spleens were two to three times normal diameter and contained miliary white or yellow 1-3-mm foci. Similar miliary foci were present throughout the enlarged livers and kidneys. Microscopic examination of these tissues revealed discrete circular nodules expanding splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, hepatic periportal nodules, and discrete perivascular and more diffuse interstitial nodules replacing renal tubules. Nodules also were present in the pancreas, bone marrow, proventriculus, and lung, with more diffuse infiltrates in intestinal lamina propria. The cells composing these nodules contained irregularly oval, folded, or pleomorphic nuclei and relatively abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic figures and pyknotic nuclei were common. These cells were interpreted to be histiocytes (tissue macrophages or dendritic cells) and did not. resemble lymphocytes. These proliferating cells also did not resemble the cell population of commonly diagnosed lymphoid neoplasms of young chickens. No intralesional organisms were detected and polymerase chain reaction analysis failed to detect Marek's herpesvirus DNA or leukosis/sarcoma and reticuloendotheliosis proviral DNA. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP Hafner, S (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,EASTERN LAB,RUSSELL RES CTR,COLL STN RD,POB 6085,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 40 IS 1 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.2307/1592390 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UC038 UT WOS:A1996UC03800026 PM 8713035 ER PT J AU King, DJ AF King, DJ TI Influence of chicken breed on pathogenicity evaluation of velogenic neurotropic Newcastle disease virus isolates from cormorants and turkeys SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease; avian paramyxovirus; cormorant; chicken; turkey; breed; pathogenicity ID STRAINS AB Three isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from cormorants and turkeys were classified as velogenic neurotropic NDV (VNNDV) by standard pathotyping procedures in specific-pathogen-free white leghorn and white rock chickens. White leghorns inoculated by eye drop, cloaca, intravenous, or intracerebral routes had a higher frequency of nervous signs and mortality than was observed in similarly inoculated white rocks. Two backpassages in white rocks increased the intravenous pathogenicity index of all three isolates, but none had a value after backpassage that was as high as the classical VNNDV strain Texas GB. The breed of chicken used in standard procedures did influence the numerical values of pathotyping determinations, but the differences between breeds were not large enough to change the pathotype assigned to these isolates. RP King, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 40 IS 1 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.2307/1592391 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UC038 UT WOS:A1996UC03800027 PM 8713036 ER PT J AU Nagaraj, RY Wu, W Will, JA Vesonder, RF AF Nagaraj, RY Wu, W Will, JA Vesonder, RF TI Acute cardiotoxicity of moniliformin in broiler chickens as measured by electrocardiography SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE mycotoxin; moniliformin; broilers; bradycardia; electrocardiogram ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; ARRHYTHMIAS; CORN; RATS AB Electrocardiography was used to examine the acute cardiotoxic effects of moniliformin on 3-week-old broiler chickens. Each of the seven pairs of anesthetized birds (pentobarbital sodium, 40 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular) was injected intravenously with moniliformin (1 mg/kg body weight) or an equal volume of normal saline (1 ml/kg body weight), and changes in electrocardiogram were monitored for 50 minutes. Three of the seven birds injected with moniliformin died within 50 minutes post-injection. Moniliformin caused a bradycardia, which became highly significant (P < 0.05) within 15 minutes post-injection. The P-R, Q-T, and S-T intervals of moniliformin-injected birds were significantly lengthened throughout the 50-minute observation (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the moniliformin-induced mortality is due primarily to cardiac failure. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ANIM HLTH & BIOMED SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 40 IS 1 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.2307/1592393 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UC038 UT WOS:A1996UC03800029 PM 8713038 ER PT B AU Marcot, BG AF Marcot, BG BE Barclay, RMR Brigham, RM TI An ecosystem context for bat management: A case study of the interior Columbia River Basin, USA SO BATS AND FORESTS SYMPOSIUM SE BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF FORESTS RESEARCH PROGRAM, WORKING PAPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bats and Forests Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1995 CL VICTORIA, CANADA AB The ecological role and environmental requirements of 15 species of bats were analyzed in an ecosystem assessment of the interior Columbia River Basin, USA. Ecological roles of bats potentially contribute to nutrient cycling, insect population control, transmission of disease, hosting obligate ectoparasites, and accumulation of pesticides. Such roles can influence ecological processes in forest canopies, soils, and water bodies, and population levels of arthropods and their predators, and of other species of bats. Specific studies are needed on rates of effects. The macroecology and collective environmental requirements of all 15 bat species also provide for a wide range of other species in forest, wetland, riparian, and other settings. Such a systems- and biodiversity-wide approach helps put bat management into an ecosystem context and helps focus needs for further inventory, monitoring, and research. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 333 SW 1st St,POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY FORESTS PI VICTORIA PA RESEARCH BRANCH 31 BASTION SQ, VICTORIA, BC V8W 3E7, CANADA J9 BC MIN FOR RES PROGR PY 1996 VL 23 BP 19 EP 36 PG 18 WC Forestry; Zoology SC Forestry; Zoology GA BK59U UT WOS:000072696600002 ER PT B AU Chung-MacCoubrey, AL AF Chung-MacCoubrey, AL BE Barclay, RMR Brigham, RM TI Bat species composition and roost use in pinyon-juniper woodlands of New Mexico SO BATS AND FORESTS SYMPOSIUM SE BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF FORESTS RESEARCH PROGRAM, WORKING PAPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bats and Forests Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1995 CL VICTORIA, CANADA AB Bat species composition and structures used for maternity colony roosts were investigated in pinyon-juniper habitats of the Cibola National Forest. I mist netted 10 sites with permanent water on four different nights during the summer of 1995. Number of species and total numbers of bats captured ranged from 0-11 species at a site and 0-134 bats in a night. Myotis californicus, M. ciliolabrum, M. volans, M. thysanodes, Eptesicus fuscus, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus cinereus, and Tadarida brasiliensis were captured at greater than or equal to 5 sites, although not always in high numbers. Species captured at <5 sites were either locally abundant (e.g., M. evotis) or a rarity (e.g., Euderma maculatum). Radio-telemetry was used to study maternity-roost use by three federal category 2 candidate species. Three M. thysanodes, one M. evotis, and two M. volans roosts were located. M. thysanodes and M. volans roosts with 30 to over 200 bats were found in ponderosa pine snags and live ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) with long, vertical cracks, These snag and live-tree roosts were located in ponderosa pine stringers in drainages between pinyon-juniper slopes or at the interface of ponderosa pine and pinyon-juniper habitats. M, evotis used live and dead junipers exclusively for colony and solitary roosts. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Chung-MacCoubrey, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY FORESTS PI VICTORIA PA RESEARCH BRANCH 31 BASTION SQ, VICTORIA, BC V8W 3E7, CANADA J9 BC MIN FOR RES PROGR PY 1996 VL 23 BP 118 EP 123 PG 6 WC Forestry; Zoology SC Forestry; Zoology GA BK59U UT WOS:000072696600010 ER PT B AU Ormsbee, PC AF Ormsbee, PC BE Barclay, RMR Brigham, RM TI Characteristics, use, and distribution of day roosts selected by female Myotis volans (long-legged myotis) in forested habitat of the Central Oregon Cascades SO BATS AND FORESTS SYMPOSIUM SE BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF FORESTS RESEARCH PROGRAM, WORKING PAPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bats and Forests Symposium CY OCT 19-21, 1995 CL VICTORIA, CANADA AB I tracked female Myotis volans using radio-telemetry during July and August 1993, 1994, and 1995 in two drainages (Quentin Creek and Lookout Creek) of the Central Oregon Cascades. Analysis of the data indicates large snags and hollow cedar trees are important day roosts. Individuals radio-tagged at the same night roost did not use one common day roast. Individual bats roosted in one roost for several days, or used multiple day roosts within distinct areas. The area in Quentin Creek encompassing one night roost and all known day roosts covered 3,258 ha, and the area in Lookout Creek encompassed 6,391 ha. Distributing solitary day roosts and patches of roosts across the landscape, protecting the microclimate of roosts, and conducting further research on the types and distribution of day roosts would be reasonable steps towards providing day roost habitat for this species and gaining further understanding of its day roost ecology. C1 US Forest Serv, Willamette Natl Forest, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. RP Ormsbee, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Willamette Natl Forest, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY FORESTS PI VICTORIA PA RESEARCH BRANCH 31 BASTION SQ, VICTORIA, BC V8W 3E7, CANADA J9 BC MIN FOR RES PROGR PY 1996 VL 23 BP 124 EP 131 PG 8 WC Forestry; Zoology SC Forestry; Zoology GA BK59U UT WOS:000072696600011 ER PT J AU Sugden, EA Thorp, RW Buchmann, SL AF Sugden, EA Thorp, RW Buchmann, SL TI Honey bee native bee competition: Focal point for environmental change and apicultural response in Australia SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Review ID EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; POLLINATION; HYMENOPTERA; DIVERSITY; COLONIES; APIDAE; NECTAR; POPULATION AB Do honey bees compete for food with other bee species in nature? This question has been the focus of considerable scientific and political attention in recent years, especially, but not exclusively in Australia. In this article we provide the background and rationale of the argument and present scientific studies which have attempted to provide evidence. We also suggest some approaches to dealing with real issues related to honey bee competition, bee conservation, and honey bee management. C1 ARS,USDA,HONEY BEE UNIT,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. ARS,USDA,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 119 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 40 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 1996 VL 77 IS 1 BP 26 EP 44 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UD196 UT WOS:A1996UD19600004 ER PT J AU DeVault, JD Hughes, KJ Johnson, OA Narang, SK AF DeVault, JD Hughes, KJ Johnson, OA Narang, SK TI Biotechnology and new integrated pest management approaches SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; DROSOPHILA; HOBO AB Area-wide pest management technologies will take on new appearances as the drive to eliminate and/or greatly reduce the use of chemical pesticides increases. The use of genetically altered insects has the most potential for successfully displacing certain pesticides, although the development of genetic engineering technologies for agricultural pest species is still in its infancy. Transformation vectors need to be developed as do transformation methodologies. Here we report the possibility of developing an interspecies vector and discuss ways in which such a vector could be used successfully in an integrated pest management system. If such an approach were developed, it could be utilized with other alternative methods, thereby providing a safe, ecologically sound means of controlling insect pests without damaging the agricultural economy. RP DeVault, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD JAN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1038/nbt0196-46 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TN892 UT WOS:A1996TN89200021 PM 9636311 ER PT B AU Lodge, DL Hawksworth, DL Ritchie, BJ AF Lodge, DL Hawksworth, DL Ritchie, BJ BE Orians, GH Dirzo, R Cushman, JH TI Microbial diversity and tropical forest functioning SO BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN TROPICAL FORESTS SE ECOLOGICAL STUDIES : ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Processes in Tropical Forests CY DEC 04-07, 1993 CL OAXTEPEC, MEXICO C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,CTR FORSET MYCOL RES,PALMER,PR 00721. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-59275-X J9 ECOL STU AN PY 1996 VL 122 BP 69 EP 100 PG 32 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG08R UT WOS:A1996BG08R00005 ER PT B AU Krugman, SL AF Krugman, SL BE Breymeyer, A Noble, R Deets, S Brand, N Robbins, K Vandivere, S TI Design of protected areas SO BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN TRANSBOUNDARY PROTECTED AREAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation in Transboundary Protected Areas CY MAY 15-25, 1994 CL BIESZCZADY-TATRY, POLAND C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05576-8 PY 1996 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Geography; Zoology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Zoology GA BG62V UT WOS:A1996BG62V00004 ER PT B AU Szaro, RC Sexton, WT AF Szaro, RC Sexton, WT BE Breymeyer, A Noble, R Deets, S Brand, N Robbins, K Vandivere, S TI Biodiversity conservation in the United States SO BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN TRANSBOUNDARY PROTECTED AREAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation in Transboundary Protected Areas CY MAY 15-25, 1994 CL BIESZCZADY-TATRY, POLAND C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05576-8 PY 1996 BP 57 EP 69 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Geography; Zoology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Zoology GA BG62V UT WOS:A1996BG62V00007 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Mosier, AR Valentine, DW Schimel, DS Parton, WJ AF Delgado, JA Mosier, AR Valentine, DW Schimel, DS Parton, WJ TI Long term N-15 studies in a catena of the shortgrass steppe SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; particulate organic matter; nutrient cycling; grassland ID NITROGEN; GRASSLANDS; PRAIRIE AB A set of long term N-15 studies was initiated during the summers of 1981 and 1982 on the backslope and footslope, respectively, of a catena in the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Microplots labeled with N-15 urea were sampled for N-15 and total N content in 1981 and 1982 and again in 1992. In November, 1982, 100% of the added N was recovered in the soil-plant system of the finer-textured footslope, compared to 39% in the coarser-textured backslope microplots. Ten years later, N-15 recovery of the applied N decreased at both topographic positions to 85% in the footslope and 29% in the backslope. Average losses since the time of application were 3.5 g N m(-2)yr(-1) in the backslope and 0.8 g N m(-2)yr(-1) in the footslope. In 1992, soil organic matter was physically fractionated into particulate (POM) and mineral associated (MAON) fractions and 21-day mineralization incubations were conducted to assess the relative amounts of N-15 that were in the slow, passive and active soil organic matter pools, respectively, of the two soils. Our findings confirm the assumptions that POM represents a large portion of the slow organic compartment and that the MAON represents a large fraction of the passive compartment defined in the Century model. The N located in the MAON had the lowest availability for plant uptake. Isotopic data were consistent with textural effects and with the Century model compartmentalization of soil organic N based on the residence time of the organic N. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA TZ514 UT WOS:A1996TZ51400003 ER PT J AU Wiles, GJ Schreiner, IH Nafus, D Jurgensen, LK Manglona, JC AF Wiles, GJ Schreiner, IH Nafus, D Jurgensen, LK Manglona, JC TI The status, biology, and conservation of Serianthes nelsonii (Fabaceae), an endangered Micronesian tree SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Serianthes nelsonii; Rota; Guam; Mariana Islands; endangered plant conservation AB Serianthes nelsonii Merr. is a rare leguminous tree endemic to Rota and Guam in the Mariana Islands of Micronesia. Current population estimates are 121 adult trees on Rota and one adult tree on Guam. Surviving trees occur exclusively on limestone substrates, although the species formerly inhabited volcanic soils in southern Guam. Populations on both islands are senescent, with little or no regeneration occurring. More than 84% of the trees have trunk sizes >40 cm diameter at breast height. The species is threatened primarily by browsing from introduced deer and pigs and infestations of herbivorous insects, especially undetermined seed predators, four species of mealybugs, and a butterfly. Recovery goals call for the reestablishment of at least two large subpopulations on each island. Prevention of ungulate browsing through fencing and control of insect damage are essential for recovery of the species. Copyright (C) Elsevier Science Limited. C1 UNIV GUAM,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,MANGILAO,GU 96923. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,REDDING,CA 96001. DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ROTA,CM 96952. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1996 VL 76 IS 3 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(95)00078-X PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UN952 UT WOS:A1996UN95200002 ER PT S AU Delfosse, ES Leppla, NC Oraze, MJ AF Delfosse, ES Leppla, NC Oraze, MJ BE Waage, JK TI Developing and supporting a national biological control programme SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL INTRODUCTIONS - OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVED CROP PRODUCTION SE BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biological Control Introductions - Opportunities for Improved Crop Production CY NOV 18, 1996 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP Brit Crop Protect Council AB Several reports have identified elements that must be in place for a national biological control program to be successful, including broad agreement on its goals; identification of the customers, stakeholders and beneficiaries of the program; a thorough understanding of previously identified needs, issues and challenges in biological control that can be addressed by a national program; relationships to local, state, other national and international programs; political support and funding; and organizational placement. Unless the conditions for success of a national program are understood, established and nourished, a program can only be partially successful. The USDA National Biological Control Institute is discussed as an example of a partially successful attempt at developing a national biological control program. RP Delfosse, ES (reprint author), ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL BIOL CONTROL INST,USDA,OFF ADMINISTRATOR,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND GU9 7PH SN 0306-3941 BN 0-948404-98-1 J9 BCPC SYMP SER PY 1996 IS 67 BP 115 EP 132 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BG80B UT WOS:A1996BG80B00008 ER PT B AU Leong, SA AF Leong, SA BE Stacey, G Mullin, B Gresshoff, PM TI Molecular genetic approaches to the study of fungal pathogenesis revisited SO BIOLOGY OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL 14-19, 1996 CL KNOXVILLE, TN RP Leong, SA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOC MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 BN 0-9654625-0-1 PY 1996 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BJ79H UT WOS:A1996BJ79H00035 ER PT B AU Loper, JE Kraus, J Corbell, N NowakThompson, B AF Loper, JE Kraus, J Corbell, N NowakThompson, B BE Stacey, G Mullin, B Gresshoff, PM TI Antifungal metabolites involved in biological control of soilborne plant diseases by rhizosphere pseudomonads SO BIOLOGY OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL 14-19, 1996 CL KNOXVILLE, TN RP Loper, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOC MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 BN 0-9654625-0-1 PY 1996 BP 449 EP 456 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BJ79H UT WOS:A1996BJ79H00074 ER PT B AU Thomashow, LS Bangera, MG Bonsall, RF Kim, DS Raaijmakers, J Weller, DM AF Thomashow, LS Bangera, MG Bonsall, RF Kim, DS Raaijmakers, J Weller, DM BE Stacey, G Mullin, B Gresshoff, PM TI 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, a key antibiotic in soilborne pathogen suppression by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. SO BIOLOGY OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL 14-19, 1996 CL KNOXVILLE, TN RP Thomashow, LS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOC MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 BN 0-9654625-0-1 PY 1996 BP 469 EP 474 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BJ79H UT WOS:A1996BJ79H00077 ER PT B AU Cook, RJ AF Cook, RJ BE Stacey, G Mullin, B Gresshoff, PM TI International Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions: Meeting Summary SO BIOLOGY OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL 14-19, 1996 CL KNOXVILLE, TN RP Cook, RJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOC MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 BN 0-9654625-0-1 PY 1996 BP 547 EP 556 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BJ79H UT WOS:A1996BJ79H00090 ER PT J AU Cho, SJ Klindt, J Jacobson, CD Anderson, LL AF Cho, SJ Klindt, J Jacobson, CD Anderson, LL TI Effects of prostaglandin-F-2 alpha on prolactin and growth hormone secretion in hysterectomized gilts. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET ANAT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900050 ER PT J AU Li, J Abeydeera, LR Matteri, RL Day, BN Prather, RS AF Li, J Abeydeera, LR Matteri, RL Day, BN Prather, RS TI Transcriptional activities of IGF-1R, IGF-2 and IGF-2R in porcine pre-implantation embryos SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900076 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Garrell, WM Cooper, BS AF Guthrie, HD Garrell, WM Cooper, BS TI Apoptosis in porcine granulosa cells and thymocytes effects of FSH, IGF-1 and dexamethasone. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900130 ER PT J AU Wise, T Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ AF Wise, T Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ TI Differential pituitary and gonadal function of Chinese meishan and European white composite boars: Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation, castration, and steroidal feedback SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; MALE PIGS; SECRETION; PLASMA; EXPRESSION; INHIBIN; SHEEP; SIZE AB Considerable breed differences exist in concentrations of gonadotropins between Chinese Meishan boars and meat-type crossbred boars of European origin. To define mechanisms that might be responsible, sensitivity to GnRH stimulation, hormonal clearance, and gonadal pituitary feedback effects were monitored in two experiments. In the first trial, jugular catheters were placed into mature Meishan (n = 7) and white composite boars (0 = 8). Boars were repetitively sampled after administration of two doses of GnRH (150 and 1500 ng/kg BW) a week apart. Before administration of GnRH, FSH was greater in Meishan boars (554 +/- 50 vs. 102 +/- 8 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Both breeds responded with increases in FSH, LH, and testosterone; but concentrations of gonadotropins in Meishan boars were increased for a greater duration than in white composite boars. By 160 min after GnRH administration, gonadotropins were declining in white composite boars. Maximal plasma concentrations of FSH after GnRH stimulation were greater with the higher GnRH dosage than with the lower (1058 +/- 113 vs. 730 +/- 70 in Meishan and 184 +/- 40 vs. 141 +/- 14 ng/ml in white composite boars). In the second trial, boars were assigned to three groups related to their circulating FSH concentrations: European white composite boars (FSH = 100 ng/ml), Meishan boars with low FSH (FSH = < 500 ng/ml), and Meishan boars with high FSH (FSH > 750 ng/ml; n = 5 per breed group). Boars were cannulated and repetitively sampled during three protocols: 1) low GnRH stimulation (15 ng/kg BW), 2) pre- and postcastration, and 3) steroidal treatment (0.5 mg testosterone propionate and 20 pg estradiol cypionate/kg BW; then 24 days later, a 20-strength low-dosage steroid treatment). At the low GnRH stimulation, LH and testosterone concentrations were increased but FSH concentrations were not altered. Rate of increase of FSH and decline of testosterone concentrations were not different between the three treatment groups after castration. Castration levels of FSH were maintained and further increased with time. Rates of reduction in FSH concentration after gonadal steroidal stimulation were not different between breed groups, but Meishan boars escaped the exogenous steroid suppression earlier than white composite boars (p < 0.01). Differences in concentrations of gonadotropins in Meishan and white composite boars of European origin seem to beat the pituitary level of control and not related to gonadal factors. RP Wise, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1095/biolreprod54.1.146 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA TK644 UT WOS:A1996TK64400019 PM 8838011 ER PT J AU Zanella, EL Ford, JJ Wise, T Hamernik, DL AF Zanella, EL Ford, JJ Wise, T Hamernik, DL TI Pituitary relationship of gonadotropins and messenger ribonucleic acid for gonadotropin subunits in white composite and meishan boars SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; BETA-SUBUNIT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CHINESE MEISHAN; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; MALE-RAT; PIGS; EXPRESSION; INHIBIN; GENE AB Two experiments were conducted to compare amounts of mRNAs for gonadotropin subunits in two breeds of pigs that are genetically distinct with respect to litter size: the Chinese Meishan and the white composite (a composite of four European white breeds: Yorkshire, Landrace, large white, and Chester white). In experiment 1, pituitaries were collected from mature Meishan (n = 5) and white composite (n = 6) boars. In experiment 2, boars were assigned to three groups according to peripheral concentrations of FSH: white composite (similar to 100 ng/ml; n = 8), Meishan with low FSH (< 500 ng/ml; n = 7), and Meishan with high FSH (> 750 ng/ml: n = 7). Within each of the three groups, five males were castrated. Two months after castration, pituitaries were collected from castrates and from eight contemporary boars for comparison purposes. Concentrations of FSH and LH were measured in half of each pituitary by RIA, RNA was isolated from the other half of each pituitary, applied to Northern and slot blots, and hybridized with cDNA probes for bovine alpha, LH beta, or FSH beta subunits. In experiment 1, pituitary concentrations of FSH (mu g FSH/mg pituitary) were greater (p < 0.05) in Meishan (40 +/- 7 mu g/mg; mean +/- SE) than in white composite boars (19 +/- 4). Pituitary weight and content of FSH were greater (p < 0.01) in Meishan boars (335.1 +/- 18 mg and 13.5 +/- 18 mg/pituitary, respectively) than in white composite boars (270.9 +/- 12.0 and 5.0 +/- 1.2, respectively). Northern analysis indicated that sizes of gonadotropin subunit mRNAs were similar in pigs and cattle. Amounts of mRNA for a subunit and LH beta subunit were not different (p = 0.14 and 0.08, respectively) between breeds. Meishans, however, had greater(p < 0.01) amounts of mRNA for FSH beta subunit than white composites. In experiment 2, amounts of mRNA for alpha, LH beta, and FSH beta subunits were not different (p > 0.05) between castrated and intact animals. Meishan males with high FSH had greater (p < 0.05) amounts of mRNA for all three gonadotropin subunits than did while composite males. From these results we suggest that greater levels of gonadotropins in the circulation of Meishan boars result, in part, from increased amounts of mRNA for gonadotropin subunits as compared with those in the white composite breed of boars. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,REPROD RES UNIT,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1095/biolreprod54.1.154 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA TK644 UT WOS:A1996TK64400020 PM 8838012 ER PT J AU Fricke, PM AlHassan, MJ Ford, JJ Reynolds, LP Redmer, DA AF Fricke, PM AlHassan, MJ Ford, JJ Reynolds, LP Redmer, DA TI Size, number, and cell proliferation of gonadotropin-induced follicles in rats SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,FARGO,ND. RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 200 EP 200 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900205 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Christenson, RK McGuire, WJ AF Vallet, JL Christenson, RK McGuire, WJ TI Transferrin in uterine flushings and conceptus fluids during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in swine. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 261 EP 261 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900263 ER PT J AU Dyer, CJ Matteri, RL Keisler, DH AF Dyer, CJ Matteri, RL Keisler, DH TI Expression of leptin and its receptor in sheep tissues. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO. USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO. RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 391 EP 391 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900391 ER PT J AU Garrett, WM Guthrie, HD AF Garrett, WM Guthrie, HD TI Steroidogenic enzyme expression during preovulatory follicle maturation in pigs. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 395 EP 395 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900395 ER PT J AU Lucy, MC Chase, CC Kirby, CJ Hammond, AC Olson, TA AF Lucy, MC Chase, CC Kirby, CJ Hammond, AC Olson, TA TI A condition associated with reduced growth hormone receptor function leads to altered development of follicles and corpora lutea in cattle. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO. USDA ARS,BROOKSVILLE,FL. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 525 EP 525 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900525 ER PT J AU Kojima, FN Bergfeld, EG Pike, KE Wehrman, ME Roberts, AJ Kinder, JE AF Kojima, FN Bergfeld, EG Pike, KE Wehrman, ME Roberts, AJ Kinder, JE TI Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and steroids in persistent and normal bovine ovarian follicle during growth and atresia. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 527 EP 527 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900526 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Roberts, AJ Gregory, KE AF Echternkamp, SE Roberts, AJ Gregory, KE TI Characterization of follicular development between cattle selected and unselected for natural twin births. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900528 ER PT J AU Li, MD Macdonald, GJ Ford, JJ AF Li, MD Macdonald, GJ Ford, JJ TI Breed differences in expression of inhibin/activin subunits in porcine anterior pituitary glands: Relative to expression in ovarian follicles. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 532 EP 532 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900532 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Kattesh, HG Roberts, MP Vallet, JL McGuire, WJ Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Kattesh, HG Roberts, MP Vallet, JL McGuire, WJ Christenson, RK TI Intrauterine cortisol and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) during early pregnancy and the estrous cycle in pigs. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANIM SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900547 ER PT J AU Host, GE Isebrands, JG Perttu, KL AF Host, GE Isebrands, JG Perttu, KL TI Modeling short rotation forestry growth: An international workshop SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Workshop on Modelling Short Rotation Forestry Growth CY OCT 24-26, 1994 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN SP Swedish Energy Forestry Res Grp, Int Energy Agcy, Bioenergy Agreement Task VIII DE modelling; Salix; short rotation forestry; Sweden; willow AB During the week of 24 October, 1994, an international group of scientists mel in Uppsala, Sweden, to discuss the problems of understanding and modelling the growth of short rotation forests for energy purposes. Three working groups were formed to study specific aspects of the problem: ecophysiology, competition and modelling strategies. This special issue of Biomass and Bioenergy reports the findings of those groups and presents a series of papers related to the ecophysiology and process modelling of Salix. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT SHORT ROTAT FORESTRY,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RP Host, GE (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,5013 MILLER TRUNK HWY,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 73 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(96)00013-X PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA VH900 UT WOS:A1996VH90000002 ER PT J AU Walsh, TA Burk, TE Isebrands, JG AF Walsh, TA Burk, TE Isebrands, JG TI Development and evaluation of quantitative functions for early selection of Populus clones SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Workshop on Modelling Short Rotation Forestry Growth CY OCT 24-26, 1994 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN SP Swedish Energy Forestry Res Grp, Int Energy Agcy, Bioenergy Agreement Task VIII DE Populus; canonical correlation; selection function; breeding programs; short-rotation forestry; moisture regimes; multivariate techniques ID PRODUCTIVITY; HYBRIDS AB The success of hybrid poplar planting programs depends on the selection of clones with desirable growth properties, matched to specific environmental conditions. Traditionally, tree geneticists have employed early height growth as an indicator of rotation age volume production. This approach was evaluated against selection functions based upon easily measured mensurational and morphological traits. A mixed planting of 12 clones of three Populus species was analyzed during three years of growth. Clonal and moisture regime variation and co-variation were examined for numerous measured and derived traits. A procedure was developed employing canonical correlation analysis to construct selection functions based on multiple mensurational and morphological traits. Results suggest that simple selection functions based upon easily measured traits are superior to early height growth for ranking hybrid poplar clones for total tree volume production. Copyright (C) 1996 published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP Walsh, TA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(96)00036-0 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA VH900 UT WOS:A1996VH90000010 ER PT J AU Host, GE Isebrands, JG Theseira, GW Kiniry, JR Graham, RL AF Host, GE Isebrands, JG Theseira, GW Kiniry, JR Graham, RL TI Temporal and spatial scaling from individual trees to plantations: A modeling strategy SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Workshop on Modelling Short Rotation Forestry Growth CY OCT 24-26, 1994 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN SP Swedish Energy Forestry Res Grp, Int Energy Agcy, Bioenergy Agreement Task VIII DE short-rotation woody crops; poplar; plantation; process modeling; scaling ID GROWTH-PROCESS MODEL; CROWN ARCHITECTURE; JUVENILE POPLAR; POPULUS; MORPHOLOGY; ECOPHYS; CARBON; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; HYBRIDS AB In order to effectively deploy short-rotation woody crop plantations for energy and fiber production at regional scales, biologically sound field-level models of plant growth are required. Individual tree growth process models have proven effective at predicting growth based on environmental driving variables, but in the past these models have been too complex to use at the plantation scale. In this paper we describe an object-oriented strategy for scaling ECOPHYS, an individual tree growth process model for hybrid poplar, to a plantation. Included in this strategy are methods of scaling from an individual shoot to a tree, from individual trees to a patch, and from patches to a plantation. In describing interactions among trees, both above- and below-ground processes are considered. Finally, we describe methods for integrating the plantation level ECOPHYS with EPIC, a field scale model of soil productivity and erosion used in regional assessments. Copyright (C) 1996 published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Host, GE (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,5013 MILLER TRUNK HIGHWAY,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(96)00012-8 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA VH900 UT WOS:A1996VH90000018 ER PT J AU Isebrands, JG Host, GE Bollmark, L Porter, JR Philippot, S Stevens, E Rushton, K AF Isebrands, JG Host, GE Bollmark, L Porter, JR Philippot, S Stevens, E Rushton, K TI A strategy for process modelling of short-rotation Salix coppice plantations SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Workshop on Modelling Short Rotation Forestry Growth CY OCT 24-26, 1994 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN SP Swedish Energy Forestry Res Grp, Int Energy Agcy, Bioenergy Agreement Task VIII DE coppice; modelling; Salix; short-rotation forestry ID GROWTH-PROCESS MODEL; NITROGEN TURNOVER; JUVENILE POPLAR; FOREST; NUTRITION; CARBON; ECOPHYS; POPULUS; ASSIMILATION; VALIDATION AB A strategy for process modelling of short-rotation Salix coppice plantations is presented. To integrate effectively both large- and small- scale processes, this model must simulate critical processes at scales ranging from the individual leaf to the plantation. This multiscale modelling strategy extrapolates the detail of mechanistic physiological models to the patch and plantation scales. To accomplish this scaling, regional climatic and soil databases are used to generate model inputs; i.e. site and climatic information is passed from the regional scale to drive models operating at the stand or tree level. Key input variables at the individual tree level include genetically determined factors such as leaf morphology and branch architecture, as well as phenological and physiological parameters. Outputs such as carbon fixation, leaf area index, biomass by component, and yields per hectare are then passed back up to address regional questions. This strategy requires a parallel programme of modelling and experimentation. While this strategy focuses on Salix, the approach should also be applicable to species with similar life history attributes, such as Betula and Populus. Copyright (C) 1996 published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ECOL & ENVIRONM RES,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT AGR SCI,DK-2360 TASTRUP,DENMARK. UNIV ABERDEEN,DEPT FORESTRY,ABERDEEN AB9 2OO,SCOTLAND. ETSU,HARWELL OX11 ORA,OXON,ENGLAND. RP Isebrands, JG (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,5985 HIGHWAY K,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. RI Porter, John/F-9290-2014 OI Porter, John/0000-0002-0777-3028 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(96)82538-4 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA VH900 UT WOS:A1996VH90000019 ER PT J AU DeBell, DS Clendenen, GW Harrington, CA Zasada, JC AF DeBell, DS Clendenen, GW Harrington, CA Zasada, JC TI Tree growth and stand development in short-rotation Populus plantings: 7-year results for two clones at three spacings SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE poplar; cottonwood; stand density; yield; bioenergy; intensive culture; stem form; phenology; leaf area; sylleptic branching ID UNITED-STATES; PLANTATIONS AB Two Populus hybrids (11-11 and D-01) were planted in monoclonal block plantings at three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m) near Olympia, Washington, and evaluated over a 7-year period for individual tree growth rates and above-ground stand productivity. Differences were substantial between clones and among spacings in both individual tree characteristics (height and diameter growth) and stand productivity (leaf area, basal area, or biomass production). Relative differences in growth between the clones tended to increase with spacing. Woody biomass production of clone 11-11 averaged 18.2 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) at the 1.0 m spacing, whereas clone D-01 averaged only 10.1 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) at that spacing. The clones differed in phenology of height and diameter growth, maximum rate of periodic height growth, tendency to produce sylleptic branches, partitioning of woody biomass, and sensitivity of growth rates to competition. All of these characteristics have important influences on the productivity of short-rotation plantations. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP DeBell, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 25 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 4 BP 253 EP 269 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(96)00020-7 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA VP548 UT WOS:A1996VP54800001 ER PT J AU Tajchman, S Benyon, R Bren, L Kochenderfer, J Pan, CS AF Tajchman, S Benyon, R Bren, L Kochenderfer, J Pan, CS TI On spatial variability of above-ground forest biomass SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE forest biomass; site variability AB The topography-related variation and plot-to-plot variation of above-ground forest biomass in a central Appalachian watershed and in a southeast Australian watershed and its surroundings were compared. The Appalachian site was covered with typical Appalachian hardwoods, ca 85 years old, and the Australian site was covered with an eucalyptus forest (Eucalyptus regnans), ca 53 years old, when the study was initiated. Both forests are unmanaged. Biomass data were collected on 112 800 m(2) plots at the Appalachian site and on 30 plots of the same size at the Australian site. The oven-dry above-ground biomass average was 322 t/ha at the Appalachian site and 476 t/ha at the Australian site. At the Appalachian site, the single plot biomass varied from minus 67% to plus 85% of the mean, and at the Australian site the corresponding numbers are minus 50% and plus 61%. At both sires, the coefficient of variation shows a more or less steady value when the number of plots (n) exceeds 20. For n = 20, coefficients of variation are 28% and 22% for the Appalachian site and for the Australian site, respectively. The smallest above-ground biomass per unit area was observed on southwest-facing slopes at the Appalachian site and on west-facing slopes at the Australian site. The greatest above-ground biomass per unit area was observed on east-facing slopes at the Appalachian site and on south-facing slopes at the Australian site. In general, the sites facing east and the poles are more productive than those facing west and the equator. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 MELBOURNE WATER,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. UNIV MELBOURNE,SCH FORESTRY,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. US FOREST SERV,USDA,PARSONS,WV. RP Tajchman, S (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(96)00043-8 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA VU602 UT WOS:A1996VU60200003 ER PT J AU Kopp, RF Abrahamson, LP White, EH Nowak, CA Zsuffa, L Burns, KF AF Kopp, RF Abrahamson, LP White, EH Nowak, CA Zsuffa, L Burns, KF TI Woodgrass spacing and fertilization effects on wood biomass production by a willow clone SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Salix; spacing; fertilization; irrigation; repeated measures; biomass ID GROWTH; PLANTATION; FORESTRY; SYSTEMS; POPLAR; CURVES AB An experiment was established in central New York State in 1987 to determine the effect of spacing and fertilization on wood biomass production of one willow clone grown with intensive culture and harvested annually. Spacings were 0.15 x 0.15, 0.30 x 0.30 and 0.46 x 0.46 m. Half of the plots were fertilized annually with N, P and K at elemental rates of 336, 112 and 224 kg ha(-1). All plots were irrigated during their third, fourth and fifth growing seasons. Fertilizer increased the rate at which trees attained their maximum production, but their maximum estimated production level was reduced compared with non-fertilized trees. Trees responded positively to fertilizer during the first three growing seasons. Trees spaced at 0.46 x 0.46 and 0.30 x 0.30 m had significantly higher maximum estimated production levels than trees spaced at 0.15 x 0.15 m. During the fourth and fifth growing seasons, trees spaced at 0.46 x 0.46 m were most productive, but cumulative production after five successive annual harvests was highest by trees spaced at 0.30 x 0.30 m. Survival remained high (83% averaging spacing and fertilizer treatments) after five harvests and was not affected by spacing or fertilization. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WARREN,PA 16365. UNIV TORONTO,FAC FORESTRY,TORONTO,ON M5S 3B3,CANADA. RP Kopp, RF (reprint author), SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,1 FORESTRY DR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 6 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(96)00055-4 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA WA604 UT WOS:A1996WA60400002 ER PT J AU Clendenen, GW AF Clendenen, GW TI Use of harmonized equations to estimate above-ground woody biomass for two hybrid poplar clones in the Pacific Northwest SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass equations; Populus; cottonwood; spacing; stand density; yields AB Equations were developed to estimate components of above-ground woody biomass, as a function of diameter, height, spacing and age for two hybrid poplar clones in western Washington. Independent and harmonized fitting techniques are compared. With the small sample sizes that are unavoidable in such experiments, harmonized equations provided more useful and consistent estimates of biomass increment than did independent equations by age and spacing. They were also better suited to interpolation and extrapolation of long-term trends of biomass increment than those based on the independent fits. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Clendenen, GW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 6 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(96)00044-X PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA WA604 UT WOS:A1996WA60400005 ER PT J AU Romera, FJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Schaefer, SC Kochian, LV AF Romera, FJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Schaefer, SC Kochian, LV TI Ethylene involvement in the over-expression of Fe(III)-chelate reductase by roots of E107 pea [Pisum sativum L (brz, brz)] and chloranerva tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) mutant genotypes SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE ethylene; ethylene function; inducible reductase; iron-chelate reductase; iron deficiency; iron-deficiency; roots ID FE-EFFICIENCY REACTIONS; IRON-DEFICIENCY; HIGHER-PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; INHIBITION; SOYBEANS; CUCUMBER; ION AB Recently, ethylene was reported to be involved in the regulation of Fe(III)-chelate reducing capacity by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) roots, Here, we studied the effect of two ethylene inhibitors, aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) and cobalt, on the Fe(III) reducing capacity in roots of mutant genotypes [E107 pea [Pisum sativum L. (brz, brz)] and chloronerra tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.] that exhibit high rates of Fe(III)-chelate reduction and excessive iron accumulation, The ethylene inhibitors, AOA and cobalt, markedly inhibited Fe(III)-chelate reducing capacity in roots of both genotypes, Over-expression of root Fe(III) reductase activity by both mutants appears to be related to ethylene, Possibly, both mutants are genetically defective in their ability to regulate root ethylene production, The large inhibitory effect of both ethylene inhibitors on Fe(III)-chelate reducing capacity in roots of the mutant tomato genotype, chloronerva, disputes the contention that the nicotianamine-Fe(II) complex is the repressior of the gene responsible for Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity, as previously suggested by others. However, since nicotianamine shares the same biosynthetic precursor as ethylene, i.e. S-adenosyl methionine, nicotianamine may affect Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity in dicot and non-grass monocot roots by influencing ethylene biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. UNIV CORDOBA, DEPT AGRON, CORDOBA, SPAIN. RI Romera, Francisco/K-7637-2014 OI Romera, Francisco/0000-0001-5086-5473 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TR737 UT WOS:A1996TR73700006 ER PT J AU Romera, FJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Schaefer, SC AF Romera, FJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Schaefer, SC TI Iron requirement for and effects of promoters and inhibitors of ethylene action on stimulation of Fe(III)-chelate reductase in roots of strategy I species SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE ethylene function; inducible reductase; iron-chelate reductase; iron deficiency; iron-deficiency stress response; roots ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; FE-EFFICIENCY REACTIONS; HIGHER-PLANTS; DEFICIENCY; ACCUMULATION; SOYBEANS; CUCUMBER; MUTANT; ION AB Stimulation of root Fe(III) reductase activity by iron additions to iron-deficient growth media may be the result of iron activation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase required for ethylene biosynthesis. Two different ethylene inhibitors, aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) (20 mu M; ACC synthase inhibitor) and cobalt (3 mu M CoCl2; ACC oxidase inhibitor), were used to study the effects of iron supply and cobalt inhibition on ethylene action in controlling the activity of Fe(III)-chelate reductase in pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots, Supplying 20 mu M Fe(III)-N,N'-ethylenebis[2-(2-hydroxypheyl)-glycine [Fe(III)-EDDHA] to either cobalt-treated, iron-deficient Sparkle (normal parent) or E107 (brz mutant genotype) pea seedlings reversed the negative effects of cobalt on root Fe(III)-reductase activity, Re-supplying 20 mu M Fe(III)-EDDHA to iron-deficient, AOA-treated seedlings did not enhance root (Fe(III)-reductase, Apparently, cobalt competes with iron for the active site in ACC oxidase during ethylene synthesis, Inhibition of root reductase activity by cobalt treatment lowered manganese, zinc, magnesium and potassium content of mutant E107 pea seedlings, In contrast, iron enhancement of root reductase activity in iron-deficient, cobalt-treated E107 seedlings resulted in higher seedling accumulations of manganese, zinc, magnesium and potassium, These results support the hypothesis that root cell plasma membrane reductase activity plays a role in cation uptake by root cells. C1 USDA ARS, US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. UNIV CORDOBA, DEPT AGRON, CORDOBA, SPAIN. RI Romera, Francisco/K-7637-2014 OI Romera, Francisco/0000-0001-5086-5473 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TR737 UT WOS:A1996TR73700007 ER PT J AU Reshetilov, AN Donova, MV Dovbnya, DV Boronin, AM Leathers, TD Greene, RV AF Reshetilov, AN Donova, MV Dovbnya, DV Boronin, AM Leathers, TD Greene, RV TI FET-microbial sensor for xylose detection based on Gluconobacter oxydans cells SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE FET electrode; Gluconobacter oxydans; microbial biosensor; xylitol; xylose ID ALDOSE DEHYDROGENASE; PYRANOSE OXIDASE; GLUCOSE; MONOSACCHARIDES; ELECTRODE; BIOSENSOR AB A potentiometric biosensor for xylose was devised utilizing Gluconobacter oxydans whole cells. Immobilization methods based on physical adsorption were used for G. oxydans cells and extracellular pH changes resulting from xylose dehydrogenation were monitored by a field effect transistor (FET). The G. oxydans, FET-based sensor detected xylose at a lower limit of 0.5 mM. From 5.0 to 30 mM xylose, the response of the sensor was linear. Expectedly, output signals were significantly suppressed by buffer (Tris-HCl). Responses were essentially stable for at least four weeks of storage and showed only a slight loss of initial xylose sensitivity. Xylitol exerted an insignificant influence on the sensor's response to xylose. However, the response to glucose was 5 times higher in relation to that of xylose at the same concentration (1 mM). For xylose determinations in the presence of glucose, a two-step assay is discussed. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST MICROORGANISMS BIOCHEM & PHYSIOL,PUSHCHINO 142292,RUSSIA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 4 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1016/0956-5663(96)82735-7 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TW990 UT WOS:A1996TW99000006 PM 8746186 ER PT S AU Jones, DD Young, AL AF Jones, DD Young, AL BE Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R Williams, PJ Kobayashi, A TI Food and agricultural biotechnology: An overview SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED FOODS AND FLAVORS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavors, at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ACS Div Agr Food Chem ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; MILK; EXPRESSION; VIRUS; PROTEINS AB Biotechnology is an invaluable process for the quick, safe, and precise transfer of specific genetic information from one organism to another, in order to create predictable end results. As such, biotechnology represents a tool that is an important component of a balanced, efficient, well-managed, and environmentally responsible agricultural system, which uses the very best of technology and science. Recent discoveries in the field of biotechnology have made the Life sciences some of the most exciting fields of scientific endeavor-especially for those with creativity and vision. This overview provides a ''sampling'' of how biotechnology will impact global agriculture, and hence, the world population of the third millennium. C1 USDA, COOPERAT STATE RES EDUC & EXTENS SERV, OFF AGR BIOTECHNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3421-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 637 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BG65N UT WOS:A1996BG65N00001 ER PT S AU Cutler, HG Hill, RA Ward, BG Rohitha, BH Stewart, A AF Cutler, HG Hill, RA Ward, BG Rohitha, BH Stewart, A BE Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R Williams, PJ Kobayashi, A TI Antimicrobial, insecticidal, and medicinal properties of natural product flavors and fragrances SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED FOODS AND FLAVORS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavors, at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ACS Div Agr Food Chem ID COMPONENTS; 6-PENTYL-ALPHA-PYRONE; GROWTH AB The primary use,of natural product flavors and fragrances has been in food, perfume and, historically, the preservation of flesh, for example, Egyptian mummies. A large body of evidence has been building over a period of decades that indicates thier possible use as antimicrobials, insecticides or antifeedants, and medicinals. With respect to the latter, the overuse of medicinal antibiotics has led to widespread resistance of pathogens. This, in turn, has elicited a reevaluation of botanicals to control non-life threatening infections. A number of examples of insecticides and antifeedants are examined in addition to some fungicides. Special emphasis is placed on the natural product fungicide 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone, which is also a flavoring agent. C1 HORTRES, RUAKURA AGR RES CTR, HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND. LINCOLN UNIV, DEPT PLANT SCI, CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND. RP Cutler, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, 950 COLL STN RD, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3421-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 637 BP 51 EP 66 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BG65N UT WOS:A1996BG65N00005 ER PT S AU Hasegawa, S Suhayda, C Omura, M Berhow, M AF Hasegawa, S Suhayda, C Omura, M Berhow, M BE Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R Williams, PJ Kobayashi, A TI Creation of transgenic citrus free from limonin bitterness SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED FOODS AND FLAVORS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavors, at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ACS Div Agr Food Chem ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; A-RING LACTONE; LIMONOATE DEHYDROGENASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; REGENERATION; GLUCOSIDES; PROTOPLASTS; ICHANGENSIN; OBACUNONE; SINENSIS AB Bitterness due to limonin in citrus juices is a major problem for the citrus industry worldwide. Modern gene transfer methodology provides a promising approach for solving this problem. Basic research on the biosynthesis of limonoids in citrus fruit has shown the presence of several promising enzymes, if their activities could be genetically enhanced in or transferred to commercial species of citrus. Accomplishing this could lower the levels of the bitter limonoids in developing fruit. Two of these limonoid metabolic enzymes have been isolated and their amino acid sequences determined. Preparation of gene constructs for genetic transfer to navel orange is in progress. C1 MINIST AGR FORESTRY & FISHERIES, OKITSU BRANCH, FRUIT TREE RES STN, SHIZUOKA 42402, JAPAN. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP Hasegawa, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3421-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 637 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BG65N UT WOS:A1996BG65N00007 ER PT S AU Weaver, ML Timm, H Lassegues, JK AF Weaver, ML Timm, H Lassegues, JK BE Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R Williams, PJ Kobayashi, A TI In vitro tailoring of tomatoes to meet process and fresh-market standards SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED FOODS AND FLAVORS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavors, at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ACS Div Agr Food Chem ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; CELL-CULTURES; POLLEN; ESCULENTUM AB Expansion of genetic variability, by providing accessability to hidden genetic traits, has been accomplished by development of somaclonal/feedback-inhibition technology. This technology allows processors and breeders to access new genetic traits to improve the fresh-market quality of tomatoes, to minimize the degree of processing and to develop new high-quality products. Through selection of specific chemical and stress environments that challenge the feed-back-inhibition system of plants, over 300 new genetic variants were created with total solids contents of 7.0% to 15.0%. The increase in total-solids content is primarily due to an increase in soluble-solids content. The soluble solids/total solids increased from about 81% to 90% as total solids increased from about 8% to 13%. Insoluble solids decreased from about 22% to 10%. Reducing sugar/soluble-solids, however, remains constant at about 63.5%, over the same range of total solids. Fructose/glucose ranged from 1.25 to 1.13. Other traits of commercial importance: high juice consistency; firmness; different flavors; extended shelf life of 2 to 5 weeks; and different fruit shapes and sizes have been created and isolated in in-vitro created variants. To improve the potential of high-solids variants for commercial exploitation other technologies were developed: pollen screening for disease-resistance and environmental-stress tolerance, phytotoxin screening for disease resistance; and nonenzymatic release of pollen protoplasts for direct transfer of genetic traits. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS, DAVIS, CA 95610 USA. RP Weaver, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3421-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 637 BP 109 EP 117 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BG65N UT WOS:A1996BG65N00010 ER PT S AU Yokoyama, H Gausman, H AF Yokoyama, H Gausman, H BE Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R Williams, PJ Kobayashi, A TI Plant biochemical regulators and agricultural crops SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED FOODS AND FLAVORS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavors, at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ACS Div Agr Food Chem ID 2-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)TRIETHYLAMINE DCPTA; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL-REGULATION; SUGAR-BEET; GROWTH; GUAYULE; 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL-3,4-DICHLOROPHENYLETHER AB New plant biochemical regulators (PBRs) were observed to have profound positive effects on crop performance. For the crops that were tested, the PBRs improved both crop yield and yield quality. Negative correlations between crop yield and crop quality were not observed. C1 USDA ARS, FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. USDA ARS, AMARILLO, TX 79109 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3421-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 637 BP 206 EP 213 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BG65N UT WOS:A1996BG65N00019 ER PT S AU Takeoka, GR Kobayashi, A Teranishi, R AF Takeoka, GR Kobayashi, A Teranishi, R BE Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R Williams, PJ Kobayashi, A TI Analytical methodology in biotechnology: An overview SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED FOODS AND FLAVORS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavors, at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ACS Div Agr Food Chem ID ISOTOPE-DILUTION ASSAY; AROMA; GLYCOSIDES; LEAVES AB For every advance in scientific knowledge, there must a development of a method or technique to uncover new information. Biotechnology is the use of biological agents to provide us with foods and flavors with better quality and/or higher yields. In order to follow changes brought about by biotechnology, we must have better methods of evaluating these changes for food quality or for toxicity aspects. In this section, various methods for isolation, identification and characterization of food constituents altered by biotechnology are discussed. C1 OCHANOMIZU UNIV, FOOD CHEM LAB, BUNKYO KU, TOKYO 112, JAPAN. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3421-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 637 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BG65N UT WOS:A1996BG65N00020 ER PT S AU Buttery, RG Ling, LC AF Buttery, RG Ling, LC BE Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R Williams, PJ Kobayashi, A TI Methods for isolating food and plant volatile SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED FOODS AND FLAVORS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavors, at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ACS Div Agr Food Chem ID 2,5-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)-FURANONE FURANEOL; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; WATER; OIL AB This chapter discusses some more recent variations of methods for isolation of volatiles from food and plant materials. For particular problems there are advantages to each of the three main types of isolation methods, direct extraction, steam distillation and dynamic headspace. Direct solvent extraction is the only method which is reasonably efficient in isolating components of both high and low water solubility. Because food and plant volatiles are usually water soluble at their ppm concentrations their isolation by steam distillation does not fit the theory's required non-miscible conditions and this may be better considered a type of dynamic headspace isolation. By adapting ideas from a recently published direct solvent extraction method, which used excess sodium sulfate to bind all water in aqueous foods, the authors discovered an effective dynamic headspace method for isolating Furaneol and other water soluble volatiles. RP Buttery, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3421-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 637 BP 240 EP 248 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BG65N UT WOS:A1996BG65N00023 ER PT S AU Young, AL Jones, DD AF Young, AL Jones, DD BE Takeoka, GR Teranishi, R Williams, PJ Kobayashi, A TI Biotechnology and the development of functional foods: New opportunities SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED FOODS AND FLAVORS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavors, at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 95) CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ACS Div Agr Food Chem AB The ability to add or delete specific genes and change the levels of enzyme activities in transgenic organisms has given scientists a new way of manipulating and exploring metabolism. Discoveries made through these biotechnological approaches are changing the way that plants and animals are grown, boosting their value to growers, processors, and consumers alike. Foods produced in new ways that meet consumer demands for safety, quality, nutrition, and taste are now approaching commercialization. The greatest benefit to the public and to public health, however, may be the development of compositionally enhanced food products, sometimes called functional foods, that have positive health outcomes beyond the satisfaction of basic nutritional requirements. Growing scientific evidence suggests that specific food components can promote human health by reducing disease risk and that these components can be incorporated into food products by the newer methods of molecular genetics. RP Young, AL (reprint author), USDA, OFF AGR BIOTECHNOL, COOPERAT STATE RES EDUC & EXTENS SERV, 14TH ST & INDEPENDENCE AVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3421-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 637 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BG65N UT WOS:A1996BG65N00029 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Somkuti, GA AF Solaiman, DKY Somkuti, GA TI Expression of a rhodococcal indigo gene in Streptococcus thermophilus SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONSTRUCTION; CLONING; PLASMID AB A rhodococcal indole oxygenase gene (ido) catalyzing the biosynthesis of indigo pigment was cloned into S. thermophilus ST128. Expression vectors containing an S. thermophilus plasmid replicon (pER8) and promoters (sP1 and STP2201) were used as the cloning vehicles. Northern blot analysis confirmed the transcriptional expression of the ido gene into its mRNA in the ST transformants. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA,ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1007/BF00137804 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TR376 UT WOS:A1996TR37600004 ER PT J AU Saban, J Schneider, GB Bolt, D King, D AF Saban, J Schneider, GB Bolt, D King, D TI Erythroid-specific expression of human growth hormone affects bone morphology in transgenic mice SO BONE LA English DT Article DE human growth hormone; bone; cortical bone; transgenic mice; bone density; erythroid ID FACTOR-I; FUSION GENES; OSTEOBLASTS; SOMATOMEDIN; GLOBIN AB The regulation of bone deposition and remodeling is highly complex. To further understand the influence of growth hormone on bone deposition, several lines of transgenic mice were generated that expressed the human growth hormone gene (hGH) driven by beta-globin regulatory elements. In situ hybridization confirmed that the hGH gene in these mice was expressed in an erythroid tissue-specific manner; in the fetus hGH was expressed in the liver and in the adult mice hGH was expressed in the bone marrow, The bones of mice in two lines were visualized radiographically by mammography, and relative bone densities were measured. The transgenic mice had detectably more bone density than nontransgenic littermate controls by approximately 3 weeks of age and the relative difference in density increased with age, Histological cross-sections of the tibia showed that adult transgenic mice had increased average cortical bone thickness when compared to their controls. The hypothesis is that the local effect of hGH release from differentiating erythroid cells in the bone marrow is a major contributor to the increased bone deposition in these transgenic mice. C1 FINCH UNIV HLTH SCI,CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT PHARMACOL & MOLEC BIOL,CHICAGO,IL. FINCH UNIV HLTH SCI,CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,CHICAGO,IL. USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JAN PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1016/8756-3282(95)00419-X PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TT133 UT WOS:A1996TT13300008 PM 8717536 ER PT J AU Goynes, WR BelBerger, PD Blanchard, EJ Ingber, BF Graves, EE Dastoor, P VonHoven, TM AF Goynes, WR BelBerger, PD Blanchard, EJ Ingber, BF Graves, EE Dastoor, P VonHoven, TM GP AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS & COLORISTS TI Identification, quantification and elimination of white speck defects on dyed cotton fabrics SO BOOK OF PAPERS: 1996 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION - AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEXTILE CHEMISTS AND COLORISTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Conference and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Textile-Chemists-and-Colorists CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Assoc Textile Chemists & Colorists C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEM & COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA P O BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 PY 1996 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG48B UT WOS:A1996BG48B00001 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Bao, GP Francis, A Marmer, WN AF Cardamone, JM Bao, GP Francis, A Marmer, WN GP AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS & COLORISTS TI Modifying wool/cotton textiles for union dyeing SO BOOK OF PAPERS: 1996 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION - AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEXTILE CHEMISTS AND COLORISTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Conference and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Textile-Chemists-and-Colorists CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Assoc Textile Chemists & Colorists C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEM & COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA P O BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 PY 1996 BP 505 EP 519 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG48B UT WOS:A1996BG48B00059 ER PT J AU Morales, M Santana, N Soria, A Mosquera, A Ordovas, J Novoa, J Betancor, P Valeron, PF DiazChico, B Chirino, R AF Morales, M Santana, N Soria, A Mosquera, A Ordovas, J Novoa, J Betancor, P Valeron, PF DiazChico, B Chirino, R TI Effects of tamoxifen on serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; breast cancer; cardiovascular disease; lipoproteins; lipoprotein(a); tamoxifen ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ADJUVANT TAMOXIFEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; WOMEN; THERAPY; LP(A); DISEASE; TRIAL AB Serum lipids and apolipoprotein levels were measured in twenty postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer, before and three months after tamoxifen therapy (10 mg twice a day). Tamoxifen caused a significant reduction in total serum cholesterol (10%; P < 0.02), and in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17%: P < 0.01), and a significant 47% increase in the subclass 2 of the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.01). In addition, tamoxifen caused a 16% increase in apolipoprotein A-I, a 12% decrease in apolipoprotein B (P < 0.05), and a 37% reduction in the serum concentration of lipoprotein(a) (P < 0.01). These results show that tamoxifen brings about an important improvement in serum lipid profile. C1 UNIV PALMAS GC,CTR CIENCIAS SALUD,DPTO ENDOCRINOL C&M,LAS PALMAS 35080,SPAIN. HOSP NUESTRA SENORA CANDELARIA,DIV MED ONCOL,TENERIFE,SPAIN. HOSP INSULAR,DEPT CLIN CHEM,LAS PALMAS,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV LAS PALMAS GC,DEPT CLIN SCI,LAS PALMAS,SPAIN. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 1996 VL 40 IS 3 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1007/BF01806815 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA VG046 UT WOS:A1996VG04600007 PM 8883969 ER PT B AU Kraft, JM AF Kraft, JM GP BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL TI Fusarium root rot of peas SO BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE: PESTS & DISEASES - 1996, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Brighton Crop Protection Conference on Pests and Diseases - 1996 CY NOV 18-21, 1996 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP Brit Crop Protect Council AB Fusarium root rot of peas is an important root pathogen worldwide. Pea seedlings are first attacked at the cotyledonary attachment area, below ground epicotyl, and upper taproot. Any conditions which decrease root growth, including compaction and excessive temperatures, will increase Fusarium severity. Tillage pans formed from over 50 years of farming in the Pacific Northwest have created a soil environment favorable for fusarium root rot development. Even though viable and virulent inoculum of F, solani f. sp. pisi can be found as deep as 60 cm in the soil profile, infection of the upper 20 cm of a pea root system is necessary for severe disease development. Under field conditions, the reduction of soil inoculum of F. solani f. sp. pisi and soil compaction decreased root disease severity, and increased root length and dry seed yields. Progress has been made in developing resistance to fusarium root rot under both greenhouse and field conditions. Because fusarium root rot resistance can be reduced by an adverse environment or poor seed vigor, an integrated control is needed which includes both cultural practices and genetic resistance. RP Kraft, JM (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES CTR,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,24106 N BUNN RD,PROSSER,WA 99360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND GU9 7PH BN 0-948404-99-X PY 1996 BP 503 EP 509 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Entomology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Entomology GA BG73G UT WOS:A1996BG73G00089 ER PT B AU Wolfe, R Cramer, S AF Wolfe, R Cramer, S BE Ghosh, SK Mohammadi, J TI Repetitive member adjustment for wood structural design SO BUILDING AN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers 14th Structures Congress CY APR 14-18, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers AB This paper reviews the repetitive member allowable stress adjustment problem and proposes a model for use with allowable-stress-design procedures for light-frame wood assemblies. The primary focus is on an interpolative function, which may be calibrated to account for the effects of system redundancy and load distribution mechanisms on bending strength of multimember systems, ranging from vertically laminated beams to sheathed assemblies. RP Wolfe, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0158-6 PY 1996 BP 804 EP 811 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80A UT WOS:A1996BG80A00103 ER PT B AU Stern, NJ Myszewski, MA Barnhart, HM Dreesen, DW AF Stern, NJ Myszewski, MA Barnhart, HM Dreesen, DW BE Newell, DG Ketley, JM Feldman, RA TI Molecular subtyping of Campylobacter spp. isolates from broiler production sources SO CAMPYLOBACTERS, HELICOBACTERS, AND RELATED ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Campylobacters, Helicobacters, and Related Organisms CY JUL 10-13, 1996 CL WINCHESTER, ENGLAND SP NIAID, US, NIDDK, US, NCI, US, US FDA, Dept Hlth, UK, Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, GB, US Dept Def, Naval Res Inst, Public Hlth Lab Serv Board, England & Wales, USDA AR, US, USDA FSIS, US, Cent Vet Labs, UK, Brit Soc Immunol, UK, Unipath Ltd, Orion Ltd, Coca Cola Ltd, Glaxo Ltd, Bayer, UK, Don Whitley Sci, Winchester City Council RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45312-6 PY 1996 BP 227 EP 231 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BH72E UT WOS:A1996BH72E00043 ER PT B AU Stern, NJ JacobsReitsma, W Reynolds, D AF Stern, NJ JacobsReitsma, W Reynolds, D BE Newell, DG Ketley, JM Feldman, RA TI Summary of workshop - Poultry infections and their control SO CAMPYLOBACTERS, HELICOBACTERS, AND RELATED ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Campylobacters, Helicobacters, and Related Organisms CY JUL 10-13, 1996 CL WINCHESTER, ENGLAND SP NIAID, US, NIDDK, US, NCI, US, US FDA, Dept Hlth, UK, Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, GB, US Dept Def, Naval Res Inst, Public Hlth Lab Serv Board, England & Wales, USDA AR, US, USDA FSIS, US, Cent Vet Labs, UK, Brit Soc Immunol, UK, Unipath Ltd, Orion Ltd, Coca Cola Ltd, Glaxo Ltd, Bayer, UK, Don Whitley Sci, Winchester City Council RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45312-6 PY 1996 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BH72E UT WOS:A1996BH72E00047 ER PT B AU Meinersmann, R AF Meinersmann, R BE Newell, DG Ketley, JM Feldman, RA TI Multiple homology analyses of the flaA gene of Campylobacter jejuni SO CAMPYLOBACTERS, HELICOBACTERS, AND RELATED ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Campylobacters, Helicobacters, and Related Organisms CY JUL 10-13, 1996 CL WINCHESTER, ENGLAND SP NIAID, US, NIDDK, US, NCI, US, US FDA, Dept Hlth, UK, Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, GB, US Dept Def, Naval Res Inst, Public Hlth Lab Serv Board, England & Wales, USDA AR, US, USDA FSIS, US, Cent Vet Labs, UK, Brit Soc Immunol, UK, Unipath Ltd, Orion Ltd, Coca Cola Ltd, Glaxo Ltd, Bayer, UK, Don Whitley Sci, Winchester City Council RP Meinersmann, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45312-6 PY 1996 BP 591 EP 592 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BH72E UT WOS:A1996BH72E00111 ER PT B AU Meinersmann, R Hiett, K Myszewski, M Carr, M Cawthraw, S Stern, N Newell, D AF Meinersmann, R Hiett, K Myszewski, M Carr, M Cawthraw, S Stern, N Newell, D BE Newell, DG Ketley, JM Feldman, RA TI Characterization of flagellin from Campylobacter jejuni with monoclonal antibody C3G8 SO CAMPYLOBACTERS, HELICOBACTERS, AND RELATED ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Campylobacters, Helicobacters, and Related Organisms CY JUL 10-13, 1996 CL WINCHESTER, ENGLAND SP NIAID, US, NIDDK, US, NCI, US, US FDA, Dept Hlth, UK, Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, GB, US Dept Def, Naval Res Inst, Public Hlth Lab Serv Board, England & Wales, USDA AR, US, USDA FSIS, US, Cent Vet Labs, UK, Brit Soc Immunol, UK, Unipath Ltd, Orion Ltd, Coca Cola Ltd, Glaxo Ltd, Bayer, UK, Don Whitley Sci, Winchester City Council RP Meinersmann, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45312-6 PY 1996 BP 593 EP 595 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BH72E UT WOS:A1996BH72E00112 ER PT B AU Meinersmann, RJ Pei, Z Blaser, MJ AF Meinersmann, RJ Pei, Z Blaser, MJ BE Newell, DG Ketley, JM Feldman, RA TI Capacity of a peb1A mutant of Campylobacter jejuni to colonize chicken SO CAMPYLOBACTERS, HELICOBACTERS, AND RELATED ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Campylobacters, Helicobacters, and Related Organisms CY JUL 10-13, 1996 CL WINCHESTER, ENGLAND SP NIAID, US, NIDDK, US, NCI, US, US FDA, Dept Hlth, UK, Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, GB, US Dept Def, Naval Res Inst, Public Hlth Lab Serv Board, England & Wales, USDA AR, US, USDA FSIS, US, Cent Vet Labs, UK, Brit Soc Immunol, UK, Unipath Ltd, Orion Ltd, Coca Cola Ltd, Glaxo Ltd, Bayer, UK, Don Whitley Sci, Winchester City Council RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45312-6 PY 1996 BP 597 EP 598 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BH72E UT WOS:A1996BH72E00113 ER PT J AU Lansac, AR Sullivan, CY Johnson, BE AF Lansac, AR Sullivan, CY Johnson, BE TI Accumulation of free proline in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) pollen SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench; pollen; free proline; low temperatures; seed-set; grain yield ID WATER-STRESS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; L MOENCH AB Suboptimal temperatures cause grain yield reductions generally associated with low seed-set in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Low proline concentration in pollen has been associated with cold-induced male sterility. This study was done to (i) determine free proline concentrations in grain sorghum pollen after low temperature exposure, (ii) determine the relationship between seed-set and proline concentration in pollen, and (iii) determine the association of proline concentration in pollen with grain yield in sorghums of different maturity. Eleven sorghum genotypes, grown in a greenhouse at 27/22 degrees C (day/night) until the early boot stage were transferred to 20/10 degrees C in growth chamber until physiological maturity. Concentration of proline in pollen was determined at anthesis and related to seed number and grain yield. Proline concentrations in pollen increased from 19 to 36 mu g . mg(-1) fresh wt. to 30 to 49 mu g . mg(-1) fresh wt. at low temperatures. Seed number and grain yield were reduced by low temperature in most of the genotypes. Percent seed-set in male sterile lines was significantly correlated (r = 0.45**) with free proline concentrations in the pollen from 13 fertile hybrids grown under cold or control conditions. Higher concentrations of proline in pollen under cool and also control temperatures seemingly contribute to greater pollen viability in grain sorghum. In 21 sorghum hybrids grown under control temperatures, seed number per panicle was found correlated (r = 0.42*) to free proline concentrations in pollen. Genotypic differences in pollen proline concentration were not associated with differences between maturity groups. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 74 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TU241 UT WOS:A1996TU24100006 ER PT J AU Zeringue, HJ AF Zeringue, HJ TI Possible involvement of lipoxygenase in a defense response in aflatoxigenic Aspergillus - Cotton plant interactions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE anatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; cotton (Gossypium hirsutum); lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway; lipids ID LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; JASMONIC ACID; FLAVUS; CULTURES; ARIZONA AB Damage to the carpel surface of the developing cotton bell such as that caused by infection with aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. results in activation of the lipoxygenase pathway. Lipoxygenase pathway activation generates a series of diverse, antifungal, volatile aldehydes that affect the growth of Aspergillus flavus and indirectly has an effect on anatoxin production. Analysis of the head space volatile aldehydes by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry trapped during a 1-h sampling period of carpel surfaces of 23- to 35-day developing cotton bells treated with exogenous lipase resulted in the identifications of C-5-C-9 alkanals and alkenals including hexanal and trans-2-hexenal. Hexanal concentrations generated in lipase-treated bells resulted in a two-fold increase of hexanal production. The effects of trans-2-hexenal on anatoxin production were determined on intact 30-day-old developing cotton bells treated with 2.2-8.6 mu mol amounts of trans-2-hexenal and inoculated with aflatoxigenic Aspergillus in three different treatment systems. Trans-2-hexenal was placed on the developing cotton bell (i) 24 h before, (ii) 24 h after, or (iii) simultaneously with fungal inoculation. After a 3-week incubation on the intact cotton plants, bells were harvested and aflatoxin determinations were conducted on cottonseeds from the bells. The results suggest that pretreatment of the bell with trans-2-hexenal initiates a strong antagonism to aflatoxin formation due to the antifungal effects on the growth of the fungus in developing cotton bells. These results also demonstrate a series of host-plant defense responses that suggest the possible involvement of the lipoxygenase pathway in interactions between aflatoxigenic Aspergillus and the cotton plant. RP Zeringue, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 74 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TU241 UT WOS:A1996TU24100014 ER PT J AU Karnosky, DF Gagnon, ZE Dickson, RE Coleman, MD Lee, EH Isebrands, JG AF Karnosky, DF Gagnon, ZE Dickson, RE Coleman, MD Lee, EH Isebrands, JG TI Changes in growth, leaf abscission, and biomass associated with seasonal tropospheric ozone exposures of Populus tremuloides clones and seedlings SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; HYBRID POPLAR; LOBLOLLY-PINE; TOLERANCE; VEGETATION; IMPACT; PLANTS; MICHX AB The effects of single-season tropospheric ozone (O-3) exposures on-growth, leaf abscission, and biomass of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) rooted cuttings and seedlings were studied. Plants were grown in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in open-top chambers with O-3 exposures that ranged from 7 to 92 ppm-h. Depending on the genotype, total seasonal O-3 exposure in the range of 50-92 ppm-h had negative impacts on stem, retained leaf, and root biomass accumulation and on diameter growth. Leaf abscission generally increased with increasing O-3 exposure and was the principal cause of the decrease in leaf biomass of the O-3-treated plants. Considerable genetic variation in O-3 responses occurred, as shown by 3 differences in sensitivities among clones and among seedlings. However, the responses to O-3 of rooted cuttings and seedlings were similar when seedling means were compared with clonal means for leaf abscission, diameter growth, retained leaf biomass, and root biomass. Comparison of a single square-wave treatment (52 ppm-h) with 70 and 92 ppm-h episodic exposures suggested that the plant response to the square-wave exposure was similar to the response to the highest episodic exposure even though the 92 ppm-h episodic exposure was almost twice the square-wave exposure. Our results are consistent with previous studies that show that P. tremuloides is highly responsive to O-3 exposure and this response has a strong genetic component. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP Karnosky, DF (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,1400 TOWNSEND DR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 37 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1139/x26-003 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TU242 UT WOS:A1996TU24200003 ER PT J AU Groninger, JW Seiler, JR Zedaker, SM Berrang, PC AF Groninger, JW Seiler, JR Zedaker, SM Berrang, PC TI Photosynthetic response of loblolly pine and sweetgum seedling stands to elevated carbon dioxide, water stress, and nitrogen level SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; TAEDA SEEDLINGS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; RUBISCO; FORESTS AB Seedling stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) were grown in monoculture or mixed stands for two growing cycles in controlled-environment chambers. Treatments consisted of ambient (408 ppm) and elevated (806 ppm) CO2 concentrations, water-stressed and well-watered conditions, and low (20 kg N/ha) and high (215 kg N/ha) nitrogen application rates. Photosynthesis rates were measured under ambient and elevated cuvette CO2 concentrations for both whole stands and individual seedlings from these stands. Significant interactions between CO2 and water suggested that elevated CO2 concentration compensated for low water availability in individually measured loblolly pine and in whole seedling stands regardless of stand type. Expressing photosynthesis on a soil area versus a leaf-mass basis influenced the photosynthetic rankings of the three stand types relative to one another. Net photosynthetic rates per unit leaf mass were 390 and 880% higher in individually measured seedlings than in whole monoculture stands for loblolly pine and sweetgum, respectively. Lower photosynthetic contributions from lower canopy leaves in whole seedling stands compared with the upper canopy leaves used in individual-seedling measurements were thought to be responsible for lower photosynthetic rates in seedling stands. These results suggest that photosynthetic response is influenced by canopy dynamics that are unaccounted for by individual-seedling measurements of photosynthesis. Differences in photosynthetic response between loblolly pine and sweetgum stands and individuals are thought to be largely due to species-specific differences in canopy light extinction characteristics. C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST ENVIRONM STUDIES,USDA,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020. RP Groninger, JW (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. RI Groninger, John/A-2566-2008 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1139/x26-010 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TU242 UT WOS:A1996TU24200010 ER PT J AU Moldenke, AR Thies, WG AF Moldenke, AR Thies, WG TI Effect on soil arthropods 1 year after application of chloropicrin to control laminated root rot .3. Treatment effects on nontarget soil invertebrates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Soil arthropods were observed as nontarget bioindicators of chloropicrin fumigation used to control Phellinus in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) forests of Washington. Three dosages were investigated: 100% and 20% labeled dosages and a 0% control. Area-wide random samples from treated regions revealed few statistically significant (ANOVA, p < 0.05) shifts in abundance of functional guilds (one of eight). Treatment responses were shown by 23 species, a similar number decreased or increased along with increasing dosage. Stump-centered samples (0.5-2.0 m from trunk; ''worst case scenarios'') revealed significant changes (p < 0.05) in six of eight functional guilds of soil arthropods; most guilds were more abundant in the control and least abundant under 20% labeled dosage. Many common fungivorous oribatid mite species (20 of 63) showed significant stump-centered responses but most springtails (Collembola; 13 of 15) did not. Ordination analyses of random samples showed no area-wide effect of treatment dosage, whereas stump-centered samples revealed that the species compositions of treated versus nontreated communities of predaceous mites, oribatid mites, and endeostigmatid mites were distinct. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Moldenke, AR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1139/x26-013 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TU242 UT WOS:A1996TU24200013 ER PT J AU Heckert, RA Collins, MS Manvell, RJ Strong, I Pearson, JE Alexander, DJ AF Heckert, RA Collins, MS Manvell, RJ Strong, I Pearson, JE Alexander, DJ TI Comparison of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from cormorants in Canada and the USA in 1975, 1990 and 1992 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PATHOGENICITY; PIGEONS; PROTEIN AB Seventeen Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from cormorants, turkeys, a pelican, and a gull in Canada and the USA collected in 1975, 1990 and 1992 were analyzed for relatedness by monoclonal antibody profiling, In addition, nucleotide sequence analysis was performed in two areas of the fusion (F) gene for 5 of the isolates, No difference in the antigenicity of these 17 viruses, as determined by monoclonal antibody binding patterns, was seen. The amino acid sequences obtained via nucleotide sequencing at the cleavage site of the F protein showed that all the isolates tested had two pairs of basic amino acids immediately upstream of the cleavage site, and a phenylalanine residue at the N-terminus of the F1 protein, which is consistent with velogenic NDV, The deduced amino acid sequence obtained at the cleavage site of the F protein from 6 of the isolates was virtually identical regardless of the species, year of isolation, or location, However, the 1975 cormorant isolate showed marked differences from the 1990-1992 isolates in the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the F gene signal region, These data indicate that the 1990 and 1992 outbreaks were caused by the same epizootic virus and further suggest that the population of NDV in these wild birds may be very stable, The belief that the velogenic NDV circulating in cormorants in 1992 was transmitted into the free-ranging turkey flocks located near the cormorants in North Dakota is supported by the present study in which no distinction could be made between the viruses isolated from turkeys or wild birds. C1 CENT VET LAB,ADDLESTONE KT15 3NB,SURREY,ENGLAND. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP Heckert, RA (reprint author), AGR CANADA,ANIM DIS RES INST,3851 FALLOWFIELD RD,POB 11300,STN H,NEPEAN,ON K2H 8P9,CANADA. RI Alexander, Dennis/C-9517-2011; Manvell, Ruth/E-6500-2011 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TP107 UT WOS:A1996TP10700009 PM 8825994 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL AF Shogren, RL TI Preparation, thermal properties, and extrusion of high-amylose starch acetates SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article AB Starch acetates having degrees of substitution (DS) 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 were prepared by the reaction of high-amylose cornstarch with acetic anhydride and aqueous sodium hydroxide. Differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed that water was an effective plasticizer for the starch acetates. Glass transition temperatures (T-g) of dry starch acetates (165-185 degrees C) were lowered to 95-35 degrees C in the presence of excess moisture. Extrusion of DS 2.5 starch acetate containing 15% moisture at 150 degrees C gave an expanded, water-resistant foam. The foam had a higher bulk density, higher compressive strength and lower resiliency than polystyrene foam. Little degradation of the starch acetate occurred during extrusion. Possible uses for starch acetate foam include seedling containers, soil drainage aids and food packaging/serving. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,PLANT POLYMER RES UNIT,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 29 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(95)00143-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA UV490 UT WOS:A1996UV49000011 ER PT J AU Tevosian, SG Paulson, KE Bronson, R Yee, AS AF Tevosian, SG Paulson, KE Bronson, R Yee, AS TI Expression of the E2F-1/DP-1 transcription factor in murine development SO CELL GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Article ID RETINOBLASTOMA GENE-PRODUCT; BINDING PROTEIN; FACTOR E2F; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MYC PROTOONCOGENE; COMPLEX-FORMATION; T-ANTIGEN; CYCLIN-A; C-MYC AB Because of its critical role in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, we postulated that E2F-1 could have a role in murine development, To this end, the organ and developmental expression of the E2F-1 transcription factor was analyzed from midgestation to late-stage embryogenesis. We demonstrate that the mRNA levels for E2F-1 and its heterodimeric partner DP-1 reach maximal levels in the late embryonic and early postnatal period but decline in the later postnatal and adult periods, Additionally, using high resolution in situ hybridization, high expression of E2F-1 was observed in specific cells of individual tissues, suggesting that the role of E2F-1 may be more complex than previously indicated from cell culture studies. Furthermore, the unusual pattern of E2F-1 and DP-1 developmental expression may have an essential role in certain cells and tissues in the late embryonic and early postnatal period. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,GENET LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,PATHOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM44634] NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1044-9523 J9 CELL GROWTH DIFFER JI Cell Growth Differ. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA TN638 UT WOS:A1996TN63800006 PM 8788032 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Chow, FI Chiu, MM Hudson, CA Sayre, RN AF Kahlon, TS Chow, FI Chiu, MM Hudson, CA Sayre, RN TI Cholesterol-lowering by rice bran and rice bran oil unsaponifiable matter in hamsters SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA-LIPIDS; PLANT STEROLS; OAT BRAN; FIBER; RATS; METABOLISM; PROTEIN AB Unsaponfiable matter (U) was prepared from both raw and extrusion stabilized (130 degrees C) rice bran and tested for cholesterol-lowering activity in hamsters by addition to diets containing cellulose, raw rice bran, or stabilized rice bran at either the level found in the rice bran diet (0.4%, 1X) or twice that level (2X). All diets contained 0.3% cholesterol, 10% total dietary fiber, 10.1% fat, and 3% N (same plant-to-animal N ratio). After 21 days, plasma cholesterol was significantly reduced by rice bran diets containing added U compared to the cellulose control diet, while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio remained unchanged in all treatment groups. Liver cholesterol was significantly reduced by all rice bran-containing diets and with cellulose diets containing 2X added U when compared to the control diet. Rice bran diets plus added U resulted in cholesterol values lower than cellulose diets containing the same level of U. Stabilization of rice bran did not appear to affect the plasma and liver cholesterol responses to the unsaponifiable matter prepared from the extracted oil. There appears to be a dose response to rice bran unsaponifiable matter in plasma and liver cholesterol reductions. After 2 weeks, fecal fat and neutral sterol excretion were significantly greater with all treatment diets compared to the control diet. Fecal fat was negatively correlated with liver as well as plasma cholesterol (r = -0.97, P less than or equal to 0.0001 and -0.91, P less than or equal to 0.0006, respectively). Under the conditions of this study, cholesterol-lowering activity of rice bran is present in its unsaponifiable matter in addition to other components. Increased fecal excretion of fat and neutral sterols appears to be a possible mechanism for cholesterol-lowering by rice bran. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 73 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW329 UT WOS:A1996TW32900013 ER PT J AU Lookhart, GL Bean, SR AF Lookhart, GL Bean, SR TI Improvements in cereal protein separations by capillary electrophoresis: Resolution and reproducibility SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; SILICA CAPILLARIES; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; RICE; EXTRACTION; PH AB Capillary electrophoresis rinsing protocols and buffer compositions were optimized to improve the resolution and reproducibility of cereal prolamin separations. Capillary cleaning protocols were varied to improve reproducibility. Four cleaning regimes were tested; the optimum was a 4-min rinse with 1M phosphoric acid. Several buffer modifiers were tested for use with 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Twenty percent acetonitrile provided optimal resolution, while maintaining excellent reproducibility. That buffer provided high resolution of wheat and oat prolamins. Resolution of rice prolamins also improved using that buffer, but best resolution of rice prolamins was found when lauryl-sulfobetain at its critical micelle concentration (26 mM) was also added. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 39 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 73 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW329 UT WOS:A1996TW32900015 ER PT J AU Zayas, IY Steele, JL AF Zayas, IY Steele, JL TI Image texture analysis for discrimination of mill fractions of hard and soft wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Digital image texture analysis was utilized to identify mill fractions from different mill streams and to assess wheat hardness differences. The study was conducted using a soft red winter wheat (Terra SR-87) and a hard red winter wheat (Thunderbird). Black and white images were acquired in a 256x256 pixel format to examine samples of coarse and fine mill fractions. Sixteen 64x64 pixel subimages per image were evaluated using texture analysis. Software was developed to calculate the image textural features used to develop the mill stream and hardness classification models. Several models based on image textural features were computed for different sets of subimages belonging to wheat of different hardness or mill stream. Recognition of hard wheat vs. soft wheat was achieved with 100% correct recognition rate for each mill fraction when a three-feature model was used for pairwise analysis. Different mill fractions of the same wheat, coarse vs. fine, were similarly discriminated with 100% accuracy for each pairwise comparison. All four mill fractions were successfully recognized with 100% correct recognition rate when a three feature model was used for four class analysis. The wheat class and mill fraction discrimination was achieved with <3 g (approximate to 0.2 g/subimage) of material. RP Zayas, IY (reprint author), ARS,USDA,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 73 IS 1 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW329 UT WOS:A1996TW32900024 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS AF Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS TI Thinopyrum and Lophopyrum as sources of genes for wheat improvement SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE intergeneric hybrids; alien gene transfer; chromosome pairing; wheat; wheatgrass ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DURUM-WHEAT; AGROPYRON; HYBRIDS; BESSARABICUM; ELONGATUM; HYBRIDIZATION; DERIVATIVES; GENOME AB Perennial grass species of Thinopyrum A. Love and Lophopyrum A. Love of the wheat tribe Triticeae contain a host of genes for disease resistance, and tolerance to environmental stresses and salinity. These desirable traits can be transferred into wheat by hybridization, but lack of homoeologous pairing between wheat chromosomes and grass chromosomes can prove to be a major bottleneck. However, it is possible to bring about homoeologous pairing, using appropriate genotypes of the donor species. Pairing between wheat chromosomes and alien chromosomes varies with the genotypes used to make the hybrid. Attempts aimed at effecting alien gene transfers into wheat are summarized, with special emphasis on meiotic chromosome pairing and fertility in intergeneric hybrids involving wheat. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL747 UT WOS:A1996UL74700002 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, VM TI Mineral content and senescence in sweet corn stalk tissue at fresh market harvest SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; planting date; internode; cultivar; shrunken-2; sugary enhancer; standard sugary ID SOLANUM-ANDIGENA; GROWTH; NUTRIENTS; LEAVES AB Various internodes in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) stalks at fresh market harvest exhibit different stages of senescence. This study was conducted to determine if internode senescence is an indicator of mineral content in internodes. On 2, 19, and 30 April and 14 May, 1993, seeds of standard sugary (su), sugary enhancer (heterozygous, Sese; homozygous, sese), and shrunken2 (sh2) sweet corn cultivars were sown at Lane, Okla., in a Bernow fine-loamy (siliceous, thermic Glossic Paleudalf) soil. At fresh market harvest senescence rating and amounts of Kjeldahl nitrogen (N), NO3-, NO2-, total phosphorus (P), HPO4-2, K+, SO4-2, Ca+2, Fe+1, Mn+1, Mg+2 and Na+1 in internodes near the base of the stalk, subtending the ear, and between the ear node and the tassel were determined. Senescence ratings were higher with later planting dates and internodes were higher on the stalk. Senescence ratings were different for genotypes. About 0.3% of N was NO2- and NO3-, and about 30% of P was HPO4-2. Nitrogen and Na+1 content decreased with delayed planting date. Lowest total P and highest K+ contents were in plants sown on 30 April. Content of total N was not changed, total P increased, and those of K+ and Na+1 decreased as internodes were higher on the stalk. Contents of total N, total P and K+ were significantly different for genotypes. Mineral contents were not significantly correlated with senescence ratings in internodes. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 109 EP 117 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL747 UT WOS:A1996UL74700015 ER PT S AU Chung, SY Vercellotti, JR Sanders, TH AF Chung, SY Vercellotti, JR Sanders, TH BE Lee, TC Kim, HJ TI Rapid test for alcohol dehydrogenase during peanut maturation and curing SO CHEMICAL MARKERS FOR PROCESSED AND STORED FOODS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemical Markers for Processed and Stored Foods, at the 210th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; SEED MATURITY; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MAIZE; INDUCTION; STORAGE; ETHANOL; FRUITS; ROOTS AB A rapid test for detection of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in peanuts was developed to examine ADH activity during peanut maturation and curing. The test, a microtiter assay, utilized such reagents as ethanol, NAD(+), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), diaphorase, and INT-violet dye. Using the test, a direct relationship between ADH activity and peanut maturity (as defined by progressive peanut pod mesocarp color yellow, orange, brown, and black) was found. The ratio of mature-to-immature (i.e., black-to-yellow) ADH activity in uncured peanuts was 9:1 as compared to 2:1 for other enzymes such as aminopeptidase and peroxidase. The ADH activity of all maturity classes increased to similar levels (i.e., approximately 1:1 ratio) after curing to reduce moisture content to approximately 10%. The finding indicates that ADH activity increased with peanut maturity and increased substantially during peanut curing. The possible mechanism of ADH increase was discussed. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MARKETING QUAL HANDLING RES,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3404-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 631 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BG76E UT WOS:A1996BG76E00016 ER PT S AU Friedman, M McDonald, GM AF Friedman, M McDonald, GM BE Lee, TC Kim, HJ TI Glycoallkaloids in fresh and processed potatoes SO CHEMICAL MARKERS FOR PROCESSED AND STORED FOODS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemical Markers for Processed and Stored Foods, at the 210th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID GLYCOALKALOIDS ALPHA-CHACONINE; CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CARBOHYDRATE GROUPS; CHLOROGENIC ACID; ASCORBIC-ACID; IMPACT DAMAGE; RESISTANCE; PRODUCTS AB As part of a program designed to improve food safety by controlling the biosynthesis of glycoalkaloids in potatoes, we define conditions of sampling, handling, storing, shipping, and processing that influence the biosynthesis of potentially toxic glycoalkaloids in potatoes after harvest. This brief overview also suggests research needs to develop a protocol that can be adopted by potato producers and processors to minimize post-harvest synthesis of glycoalkaloids in potatoes. Reducing glycoalkaloid concentration in potatoes will provide a variety of benefits extending from the farm to processing, shipping, marketing, and consumption of potatoes and potato products. Minimizing pre- and postharvest glycoalkaloid production in potatoes, including new cultivars, requires an integrated multi-disciplinary approach. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3404-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 631 BP 189 EP 205 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BG76E UT WOS:A1996BG76E00017 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Larsen, GL Castellino, S AF Huwe, JK Larsen, GL Castellino, S TI An investigation of the binding site of alpha(2u)-globulin using isotopically labeled ligands and inverse nuclear magnetic resonance techniques SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; PROTEIN; ALPHA-2U-GLOBULIN; RAT; METABOLITES; SERVE AB A series of isotopically labeled ligands were bound to the protein alpha(2u)-globulin. These protein complexes were studied using C-13, F-19, and selective inverse detection NMR experiments to determine chemical shifts and nuclear Overhauser effect correlations for the labeled sites of the ligands. The NMR data indicate that the labeled portions of the ligands are located in a highly aromatic region of the alpha(2u)-globulin binding pocket. Molecular modeling based on the NMR data and a medium resolution X-ray crystal structure of alpha(2u)-globulin predicts a model for ligand binding which is consistant with experimental observations and calculated ring current effects. Conformational changes in the aromatic region of the binding site upon binding these ligands in solution may be supported by this model. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1021/tx9500437 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA TU002 UT WOS:A1996TU00200029 PM 8924593 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Bostom, AG Williams, RR Ellison, RC Eckfeldt, JH Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Rozen, R AF Jacques, PF Bostom, AG Williams, RR Ellison, RC Eckfeldt, JH Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Rozen, R TI Relation between folate status, a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and plasma homocysteine concentrations SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE enzymes; homocysteine; amino acids; metabolism; genetics AB Background Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) synthesizes 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the major carbon donor in remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. A common MTHFR mutation, an alanine-to-valine substitution, renders the enzyme thermolabile and may cause elevated plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine. Methods and Results To assess the potential interaction between this mutation and vitamin coenzymes in homocysteine metabolism, we screened 365 individuals from the NHLBI Family Heart Study. Among individuals with lower plasma folate concentrations (<15.4 nmol/L), those with the homozygous mutant genotype had total fasting homocysteine levels that were 24% greater (P<.05) than individuals with the normal genotype. A difference between genotypes was not seen among individuals with folate levels greater than or equal to 15.4 nmol/L. Conclusions Individuals with thermolabile MTHFR may have a higher folate requirement for regulation of plasma homocysteine concentrations; folate supplementation may be necessary to prevent fasting hyperhomocysteinemia in such persons. C1 MCGILL UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT HUMAN GENET,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT BIOL,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV UTAH,NHLBI FAMILY HEART STUDY,CARDIOVASC GENET RES CLIN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. NHLBI FAMILY HEART STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. UNIV MINNESOTA,NHLBI FAMILY HEART STUDY CENT LAB,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25106] NR 11 TC 1065 Z9 1104 U1 7 U2 25 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA TL997 UT WOS:A1996TL99700003 PM 8616944 ER PT J AU Glahn, JF May, A Bruce, K Reinhold, D AF Glahn, JF May, A Bruce, K Reinhold, D TI Censusing double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at their winter roosts in the delta region of Mississippi SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE censusing; Double-crested Cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; winter roosting populations ID LAKE-ONTARIO; POPULATION AB Wintering Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were censused at all identified night roost sites in the Delta Region of Mississippi during the winters of 1991-92 and 1992-93 using aerial surveys and systematic ground surveys in mid-December, mid-February and the end of March. Aerial surveys of primary river drainages were particularly useful in locating previously unidentified roost sites and aerial counts were highly correlated with ground counts of the same sites taken within eight days of each other. Despite an increase in monitoring effort and shifts in populations due to human disturbance, there were no significant differences detected in cormorant populations wintering in this region over the past four years. However, mid-February counts were significantly higher than either December or March counts and numbered approximately 30,000+/-2,000 individuals. Although up to 34 sites have been monitored to conduct these censuses, only between six and twelve sites were active (having >100 birds) at any one time. Although these are not always the same sites, six had a significantly higher frequency of occupancy than others, and lack of occupancy of these primary sites appeared to be associated with the occupancy of nearby alternative sites. RP Glahn, JF (reprint author), APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,PO DRAWER 6099,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.2307/1521809 PG 9 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA VK496 UT WOS:A1996VK49600008 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, PE AF Rasmussen, PE TI Effect of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus sufficiency on nutrient content in white winter wheat SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Soil and Plant Analysis - Quality of Soil and Plant Analysis in View of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment CY AUG 05-10, 1995 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Soil & Plant Anal Council Inc, GA, USA, Int Agr Ctr, Wageningen, The Netherlands ID RED SPRING WHEAT; DRIS AB Correct interpretation of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P) deficiencies in white winter wheat grown in soil is difficult because of similarity of visual symptoms and rapidly-changing nutrient content after tillering. We collected plant samples at late tillering and harvest from white winter wheat grown under three tillage systems and six fertility regimes to evaluate yield response, nutrient concentration, and DRIS index values. Tillage included no-till annual crop, conventional-till annual crop, and conventional-till wheat after fallow. Fertility regimes were: None, Moderate N, Moderate N+S, High N+S, Moderate N+S+P, and High N+S+P. Nitrogen and P increased grain yield under all tillage systems and S in annual crop systems. Plant nutrient concentration and nutrient ratios at tillering were only moderately successful in identifying nutrient deficiency. Nitrogen and S deficiency tended to intensify between late-tillering and harvest, but P deficiency did not. Both N and S deficiency were more severe under no-till than conventional tillage and with increased frequency of cropping. DRIS indices generally ranked S and P deficiency correctly, but indices using norms developed for hard red winter wheat were less precise than those using norms for white winter wheat. DRIS indices tended to overpredict N and S deficiency and underpredict P deficiency. Prediction was better for grain yield at harvest than for dry matter (DM) production at the time of sampling. Inclusion of crop and soil history in addition to tissue information seems necessary to obtain the most efficient use of fertilizer for correcting nutrient deficiency. RP Rasmussen, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 585 EP 596 DI 10.1080/00103629609369579 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA TZ045 UT WOS:A1996TZ04500025 ER PT J AU Burt, R Mays, MD AF Burt, R Mays, MD TI Sample collection procedures for laboratory analysis in the United States soil survey program SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis - Quality of Soil and Plant Analysis, in View of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment CY AUG 05-10, 1995 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Soil & Plant Anal Council Inc, Athens, GA, Int Agr Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands AB The United States National Cooperative Soil Survey Program has prepared soil maps for much of the country. Both field and laboratory data are used to design map units and provide supporting information for scientific documentation and predictions of soil behavior. Coordination of mapping, sampling site selection, and sample collection in this program contributes to the quality assurance process for laboratory characterization. Requisites to successful laboratory analysis of soils occur long before the sample is analyzed. In the field, these requisites include site selection, descriptions of site and soil pedon, and careful sample collection. A complete description of the sampling site not only provides a context for the various soil properties determined, but it is also a useful tool in the evaluation and interpretation of the soil analytical results. Landscape, landform, and pedon documentation of the sampling site serves as a link in a continuum of analytical data, sampled horizon, pedon, landscape, and overall soil survey area. RP Burt, R (reprint author), USDA,NATL RESOURCE CONSERVAT SERV,NATL SOIL SURVEY CTR,SOIL SURVEY LAB,CENTENNIAL MALL N,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 5-8 BP 1293 EP 1298 DI 10.1080/00103629609369633 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA UJ935 UT WOS:A1996UJ93500029 ER PT J AU Anghinoni, I Baligar, VC Wright, RJ AF Anghinoni, I Baligar, VC Wright, RJ TI Phosphorus sorption isotherm characteristics and availability parameters of Appalachian acidic soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE SORPTION; SOUTH AB Phosphate (P) sorption isotherms have been widely used to characterize the P status and to establish fertilizer requirements of soils. Recently, mechanistic models have successfully described the nutrient uptake by plants under changing soil and plant parameters. Phosphorus sorption characteristics of eleven representative soils of the Appalachian Region of the United States were evaluated, and experimental P adsorption data were fitted to Temkin, Freundlich, and Langmuir equations to determine the relative importance of the soil parameters in P retention and supply to plant roots. The Barber and Cushman model was used to predict the effect of P fertilization on P uptake by plant. The soils of Appalachia differ considerably with respect to the retention of added P. All three isotherm equations gave good fit with the experimental data and were reliable to describe the P quantity/intensity relationships of these soils. The following sequence of P adsorption capacity in various soils was established: Tate (BA) much greater than Hayesville (Bt) > Westmoreland (Bt2) similar to Upshur (Btl) similar to Gilpin (A) > Lily (A) similar to Dandridge (E) similar to Watanga (Ap) > Ashe (A) similar to Berks (A) similar to Dekalb (A). In spite of the great differences among soil properties related to surface area and degree of weathering of these soils, the content of free iron (Fe) oxides was the only soil property that correlated with the constants of the isotherm equations. Amounts of P required to give 0.20 mu g P/mL varied with soils and were closely related to the constants of the isotherm equations. Soil P parameters from the P adsorption isotherms were used to determine a measure of Cli, b, and De instead of those used conventionally in the Barber and Cushman (1981) model to predict P uptake by corn. Predicted P uptake by corn varied with soils, even at the same P concentration in equilibrium solution (0.20 mu g P/mL) or when an equal amount (90 mu g P/mL) of P was added to all soils. Predictions of P uptake, however, were not correlated with the amount of P required to give 0.20 mu g P/mL in 0.01M CaCl2 solution or with the constants of the isotherm equations used. Diffusion coefficient and equilibrium P concentration in solution, and two intensity factors, were more important than buffer power in predicting P supplied to roots. These findings may help to explain the lack of significant correlations between the constants of the P isotherm equations and P uptake. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Anghinoni, I (reprint author), UFRGS,DEPT SOLOS,CAIXA POSTAL 776,BR-90001970 PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 9-10 BP 2033 EP 2048 DI 10.1080/00103629609369686 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA UP017 UT WOS:A1996UP01700004 ER PT J AU Aulakh, MS KuldipSingh BijaySingh Doran, JW AF Aulakh, MS KuldipSingh BijaySingh Doran, JW TI Kinetics of nitrification under upland and flooded soils of varying texture SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Higher rates of nitrification often reported in fine than in coarse textured soils may not be a direct effect of soil texture because in most of the earlier studies, soil water content has been usually expressed as gravimetric, volumetric or soil's water-holding capacity without consideration of differences in density/porosity for soils of varying texture. The same water content in texturally different soils could provide very different conditions of soil aeration and associated nitrifying activity. Effects of soil texture on nitrification was studied by incubating three semiarid subtropical soils having sandy loam, loam, and silty clay textures at 35 degrees C for 30 days using water-filled pore space (WFPS) as the criterion of soil aeration. Upland or aerobic soil conditions, simulated by incubating soil at 60% WFPS, exhibited very fast nitrification of added fertilizer nitrogen (N) and most of the applied 100 mg of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N/kg soil) was nitrified within 10 days of incubation in all three soils irrespective of the differences in texture. Under flooded soil conditions (120% WFPS), nitrification was slow and only 84 to 92% of the applied NH4+-N was nitrified even after 30 days. Nitrification could be described by first-order kinetics for both the upland and flooded moisture regimes, thus nitrification rate depended upon NH4+ concentration. At similar gravimetric water contents, rates of nitrification differed greatly in soils of varying texture, but when varying water-holding capacity and bulk density were accounted for using WFPS, all the soils behaved similarly at 60% WFPS. Under impeded aeration (flooded conditions), however, substantial differences were observed in nitrification in soils of varying texture, the largest in fine-textured Chamror silty clay followed by Habowal loam and the smallest in Tolewal sandy loam soil. These results illustrate the utility of WFPS, compared with soil water content, and its reliability as an indicator of aeration dependent nitrification for soils of varying texture. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Aulakh, MS (reprint author), PUNJAB AGR UNIV,DEPT SOILS,LUDHIANA 141004,PUNJAB,INDIA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 9-10 BP 2079 EP 2089 DI 10.1080/00103629609369689 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA UP017 UT WOS:A1996UP01700007 ER PT J AU Indiati, R Sharpley, AN AF Indiati, R Sharpley, AN TI Release of soil phosphate by sequential extractions as a function of soil properties and added phosphorus SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED FILTER-PAPER; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZATION; TESTS AB A study of sequential phosphate (P) extraction by water and iron oxide-impregnated paper strip procedures was carried out on three Italian soils ranging widely in soil characteristics and enriched with three rates of fertilizer P. The degree of change was dependant on P addition, soil P properties, and type of extraction. For the Fe-oxide strip procedure, a greater release of P than for water extraction was observed for soils with and without added P. At a given level of added P, more P was released from the soil with the lowest P sorption index (SI). However, at a given level of NaHCO3-extractable P, less P was released from the soil with lower SI than from soil with a higher SI, indicating that a greater available P content was necessary for low P sorbing soils to maintain a given rate of P release, The variation of SI accounted for 96% and 92% of the variation in amount of water-extractable and Fe-oxide strip P at a given P addition. Furthermore, SI accounted for 97% and 98% of the variation in water-extractable and Fe-oxide P at a given increase in available soil P. Inclusion in a soil testing program of an estimate of the P Sorption Index, that accounts for the overall effect of soil properties affecting sorption in soils (clay content and type, iron and aluminum oxide content, surface area, etc.), may improve fertilizer P requirements for optimum crop growth for certain soils. C1 USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Indiati, R (reprint author), IST SPERIMENTALE NUTR PIANTE,VIA NAVICELLA 2,I-00184 ROME,ITALY. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 9-10 BP 2147 EP 2157 DI 10.1080/00103629609369694 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA UP017 UT WOS:A1996UP01700012 ER PT J AU Stout, WL Priddy, WE AF Stout, WL Priddy, WE TI Use of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product gypsum on alfalfa SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; AMELIORATION; CALCIUM AB Subsoil acidity in northeast United States has been associated with decreased yield and decreased water and fertilizer nitrogen (N) utilization by forages. Surface applications of gypsiferious products has been shown to reduce subsoil acidity largely caused by high levels of soluble aluminum (Al). Our objective was to test the effectiveness and safety of using FGD gypsum to increase dry matter (DM) yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Four and one-half, 9, and 18 mt/ha of either commercially available agricultural gypsum or two gypsum by-products were applied to a Rayne soil (Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) with a strongly acid subsoil. Agricultural and FGD gypsum increased alfalfa DM yields by as much as 21 and 14%, respectively. Correspondingly, in the subsoil, soluble Al decreased and calcium (Ca) content and Ca:Al ratio increased. Heavy metal concentrations in either the alfalfa or soils were not increased by any treatment. However, S in the alfalfa grown at the highest treatments approached concentrations that are considered to be toxic to grazing animals. RP Stout, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 9-10 BP 2419 EP 2432 DI 10.1080/00103629609369712 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA UP017 UT WOS:A1996UP01700030 ER PT J AU Shreve, BR Moore, PA Miller, DM Daniel, TC Edwards, DR AF Shreve, BR Moore, PA Miller, DM Daniel, TC Edwards, DR TI Long-term phosphorus solubility in soils receiving poultry litter treated with aluminum, calcium, and iron amendments SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF; QUALITY; PLOTS; LAKES AB Phosphorus (P) runoff from poultry litter applied to fields can adversely impact water quality. The majority of P in runoff from poultry litter is soluble, so decreasing the solubility of P could lessen the impact of poultry litter on water quality. The objective of this study was to determine long-term P solubility in soils receiving poultry litter treated with aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe) amendments at various soil pHs. Soil pH was adjusted to 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 using elemental sulfur (S) or CaCO3 with some soil left at its native pH. The pH-adjusted soil was then incubated with either no litter (control), litter alone (litter control), or litter amended with alum, Al-2(SO4)(3) . 16H(2)O, (100 or 200 g/kg), Ca(OH)(2) (25 or 50 g/kg), or FeSO4 . 7H(2)O (100 or 200 g/kg). The soil was then allowed to equilibrate in the dark at room temperature for 0, 7, 49, 98, and 294 days. After equilibration, soils were extracted with deionized water and soluble reactive P levels were determined. Water-soluble P levels decreased with time in all treatments, including the control and litter control treatments. Soil pH also affected soluble reactive P levels, with the lowest levels generally observed at pH 8.0. Addition of both unamended and chemically-amended litter to soil significantly increased P concentrations at all combinations of pH and sampling time. Addition of chemically-amended litter to soil significantly reduced soluble reactive P compared to unamended litter. With all treatments, an apparent equilibrium was reached at 98 d after treatment. Amendment of litter with either FeSO4 . 7H(2)O or alum resulted in the lowest soluble reactive P levels after 294 days. Use of chemical amendments to limit P solubility has potential and should be pursued as a means of reducing eutrophication of sensitive surface waters where poultry litter is applied as a fertilizer. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,PPPSRU,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP Shreve, BR (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 2493 EP 2510 DI 10.1080/00103629609369719 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA UW211 UT WOS:A1996UW21100002 ER PT J AU Taylor, RW Bleam, WF Tu, SI AF Taylor, RW Bleam, WF Tu, SI TI On the Langmuir phosphate adsorption maximum SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOIL PROPERTIES; EQUATION; SORPTION; ISOTHERM; DERIVATION; CALCITE AB The use of the Langmuir isotherm equation to calculate phosphate (P) adsorption maximum was investigated by studying P adsorption by boehmite (a soil mineral) at pH 3.25, 4.00, and 5.50. This well-defined simple system was designed to eliminate other influencing reactions and factors in an attempt to study only the adsorption process. The Langmuir adsorption maximum was compared to three other methods (K-d, ''concentration null'', and graphical) for determining the value of this constant. There was generally good agreement between methods at the different pH's, except the ''concentration null'' at pH 3.25 and the Langmuir at pH 4.00. It appears that at least three of the methods (Langmuir included) can be used independently to develop the adsorption envelope, which peaked at pH 4.00. At maximum adsorption, approximately 20% of the surface was covered by P, suggesting monolayer adsorption at specific sites on the surface. Apparently the simple Langmuir isotherm equation, if used correctly, may give valid adsorption maximum values. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,MADISON,WI 53707. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. RP Taylor, RW (reprint author), ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,POB 1208,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 13-14 BP 2713 EP 2722 DI 10.1080/00103629609369734 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA VJ879 UT WOS:A1996VJ87900009 ER PT J AU Zaifnejad, M Ritchey, KD Clark, RB Baligar, VC Martens, DC AF Zaifnejad, M Ritchey, KD Clark, RB Baligar, VC Martens, DC TI Chemical properties of acid soil treated with coal combustion by-products and leached SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; GYPSUM; SUBSOIL; POTASSIUM; LIMESTONE; CALCIUM; OXISOL; ASH AB Application of coal combustion by-products (CCBs) to acid soils can have beneficial or detrimental effects. A column study was conducted to determine the effects of CCBs on mitigating acid soil properties after leaching with 138 cm deionized water. Columns containing 105 cm acidic Lily soil (Typic Hapludult) had mixed in the top 15 cm the following treatments (g/kg soil): no CCB or limestone (check); dolomitic limestone (lime) at 3.98; high-calcium sulfate (CaSO4) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product (BP) at 15.88; combination of lime+FGD at rates given; high-CaSO4 FGD BP enriched with Mg (FGD+Mg) at 15.88; and fluidized bed combustion (FBC) BP at 6.45. After being leached for 39 days, the columns of acid soil treated with high-CaSO4 by-products showed higher subsurface pH, calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S) and lower aluminum (Al) and manganese(Mn). In contrast, the lime alone treatment had little effect on subsurface soil properties. Use of dolomitic limestone to supply magnesium (Mg) in conjunction with the CaSO4 treatments was more effective than supplementation with Mg(OH)(2), where 97% of the added Mg leached from the top layer. Substances leached from the CCBs studied were effective in reducing problems associated with subsurface soil acidity. C1 USDA ARS, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, BECKLEY, WV 25802 USA. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 15-17 BP 2783 EP 2797 DI 10.1080/00103629609369741 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA VP345 UT WOS:A1996VP34500003 ER PT J AU Lee, WJ Wood, CW Reeves, DW Entry, JA Raper, RL AF Lee, WJ Wood, CW Reeves, DW Entry, JA Raper, RL TI Interactive effects of wheel-traffic and tillage system on soil carbon and nitrogen SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID FILLED PORE-SPACE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITRATE CONTENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; CULTIVATION; MINERALIZATION; AGROECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; WINTER; CORN AB Wheel-traffic induced soil compaction has been shown to limit crop productivity, and its interaction with tillage method could affect soil nutrient transformations. A study was conducted during 1993-1994 to determine interactive effects of tillage method (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and wheel-traffic (traffic and no traffic) on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) at a long-term (initiated 1987) research site at Shorter, Alabama. The cropping system at this study site is a corn (Zea mays L.) - soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] rotation with crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) as a winter cover crop. Soil organic C, total N, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were not significantly affected by six years of traffic and tillage treatments. However, conventional tillage compared to no-tillage almost doubled the amount of CO2-C respired over the entire observation period and during April 1994 field operations. Soil respiration was stimulated immediately after application of wheel-traffic, but nontrafficked soils produced greater amounts of CO2-C compared to trafficked soils during other periods of observation. Nitrogen mineralization was significantly lower from no-tillage-trafficked soils compared to conventional tillage-trafficked and no-tillage-nontrafficked foils far the 1993 growing season. A laboratory incubation indicated the presence of relatively easily mineralizable N substrates from conventional tillage-trafficked sail compared to conventional tillage-nontrafficked and no-till-trafficked soils. For the coarse textured soil used in this study it appears that conventional tillage in combination with wheel-traffic may promote the highest levels of soil microbial activity. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 18-20 BP 3027 EP 3043 DI 10.1080/00103629609369759 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA VX615 UT WOS:A1996VX61500008 ER PT J AU Scott, DW Whittaker, G AF Scott, DW Whittaker, G TI Multivariate applications of the ash in regression SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institute-of-Mathematical-Statistics Central Regional Meeting in Honor of Robert V Hogg CY MAY 14-17, 1995 CL IOWA CITY, IA SP Inst Math Stat DE mapping; spatial smoothing; averaged shifted histogram; farm subsidies AB A simple algorithm for estimating the regression function over the United States is introduced. The approach allows for data obtained from a complicated sampling design, as well as for the inclusion of a few additional covariates. The regression estimates are obtained from an associated probability density estimate, namely the averaged shifted histogram. The algorithm has proven especially successful over a large mesh, say 300 by 200 nodes, in a data rich setting, even on a 486 computer running Splus. We currently run much higher resolution meshes on a Pentium. Commonly available alternative codes including kriging failed to produce useful estimates in this setting. C1 RICE UNIV,HOUSTON,TX 77251. ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT THEORY JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1996 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2521 EP 2530 DI 10.1080/03610929608831854 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA VR355 UT WOS:A1996VR35500006 ER PT J AU Nunamaker, RA Dean, VC Murphy, KE Lockwood, JA AF Nunamaker, RA Dean, VC Murphy, KE Lockwood, JA TI Stress proteins elicited by cold shock in the biting midge, Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth and Jones SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stress proteins; cold shock; heat shock; Cullicoides variipennis ID SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; FLESH FLY; CERATOPOGONIDAE; EXPRESSION; DIPTERA; VIRUS AB In vivo protein expression in the abdominal viscera of C. v. sonorensis was examined from adult flies that were cold shocked for various lengths of time at 0, -10, or -15 degrees C and labelled at 25 degrees C with S-35-methionine at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hr during the recovery period. In vitro labelling showed that seven unique proteins (23, 40, 43, 48, 60, 70 and 92 kDa) were produced in C. v. sonorensis exposed to low temperatures in vivo. In general, the rate of expression and quality of stress proteins were directly proportional to both the severity and duration of the cold shock. A polyclonal antibody to the moth hsp 60/63 crossreacted with antigen from the viscera of the 60 kDa protein that was expressed during recovery from cold shock. This crossreaction with C. v. sonorensis suggests that the 60 kDa protein expressed during recovery from cold shock in the midge is immunologically related to the moth heat shock protein (hsp). Weather records from central Wyoming suggest that if the stress proteins produced by C. v. sonorensis enhance survival of the earliest, normally lethal temperatures (e.g., -5 degrees C), populations of these insects can persist for an additional 20-30 d in an average year and thus extend the time they can transmit bluetongue virus. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. CITADEL,DEPT BIOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29409. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP Nunamaker, RA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,ABADRL,POB 3965,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 113 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(96)02001-9 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA UC367 UT WOS:A1996UC36700009 ER PT J AU Moyes, RB DeLoach, JR AF Moyes, RB DeLoach, JR TI Binding of human recombinant interleukin 2 to murine erythrocytes is erythropoietin receptor mediated SO COMPARATIVE HAEMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE erythrocyte; erythropoietin receptor; interleukin 2 beta receptor; receptor promiscuity ID BETA-CHAIN; EXPRESSION; CELLS; ACTIVATION; MEMBRANE; CLONING; COMPLEX; IL-2 AB Murine red blood cells (RBC) incubated with recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL2) bound 10%-20% of the added cytokine with 41% +/- 5% of the population positive for bound cytokine as determined by fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) analysis. Since a high degree of homology exists between the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and the IL2 beta R chain (based both on amino acid sequence and hydrophobicity alignment), we hypothesised that the rIL2 was binding to residual EPOR on murine RBC. Upon bioassay, it was found that reticulocytes (RET), which express a higher percentage of EPOR than normal RBC, bound 400% more rIL2 as compared to normal RBC. FAGS analysis using fluorescently labelled rIL2 revealed a log higher fluorescence intensity on RET compared to RBC. Therefore, the population of immature or young RBC in circulation which are expressing residual EPOR are binding rIL2 due to cross-reactivity between the EPOR and IL2 beta R. RP Moyes, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-7714 J9 COMP HAEMATOL INT JI Comp. Haematol. Int. PY 1996 VL 6 IS 3 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1007/BF00368456 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VU376 UT WOS:A1996VU37600002 ER PT J AU Wilson, JL Tkacz, BM AF Wilson, JL Tkacz, BM BE Covington, W Wagner, PK TI Historical perspectives on forest insects and pathogens in the Southwest: Implications for restoration of ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forests. SO CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT: RESTORATION OF CORDILLERAN CONIFER LANDSCAPES OF NORTH AMERICA SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management - Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America CY JUN 06-08, 1996 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Arizona State Land Dept, Bur Indian Affairs, Bur Land Management, Coconino Natl Forest, Kaibab Natl Forest, Natl Pk Serv, Fire Management, No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Pacific SW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, W O, Fire Management RP Wilson, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SW REG,ARIZONA ZONE ENTOMOL & PATHOL,USDA,FLAGSTAFF,AZ, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 278 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG17Q UT WOS:A1996BG17Q00006 ER PT B AU Williams, J AF Williams, J BE Covington, W Wagner, PK TI Aligning land management objectives with ecological processes in fire-dependent forests SO CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT: RESTORATION OF CORDILLERAN CONIFER LANDSCAPES OF NORTH AMERICA SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management - Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America CY JUN 06-08, 1996 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Arizona State Land Dept, Bur Indian Affairs, Bur Land Management, Coconino Natl Forest, Kaibab Natl Forest, Natl Pk Serv, Fire Management, No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Pacific SW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, W O, Fire Management RP Williams, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FIRE OPERAT FIRE & AVIAT MANAGEMENT STAFF,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 278 BP 32 EP 34 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG17Q UT WOS:A1996BG17Q00007 ER PT B AU Reynolds, RT Block, WM Boyce, DA AF Reynolds, RT Block, WM Boyce, DA BE Covington, W Wagner, PK TI Using ecological relationships of wildlife as templates for restoring Southwestern forests SO CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT: RESTORATION OF CORDILLERAN CONIFER LANDSCAPES OF NORTH AMERICA SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management - Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America CY JUN 06-08, 1996 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Arizona State Land Dept, Bur Indian Affairs, Bur Land Management, Coconino Natl Forest, Kaibab Natl Forest, Natl Pk Serv, Fire Management, No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Pacific SW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, W O, Fire Management RP Reynolds, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 278 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG17Q UT WOS:A1996BG17Q00008 ER PT B AU Sackett, SS Haase, SM Harrington, MG AF Sackett, SS Haase, SM Harrington, MG BE Covington, W Wagner, PK TI Lessons learned from fire use for restoring Southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems SO CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT: RESTORATION OF CORDILLERAN CONIFER LANDSCAPES OF NORTH AMERICA SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management - Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America CY JUN 06-08, 1996 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Arizona State Land Dept, Bur Indian Affairs, Bur Land Management, Coconino Natl Forest, Kaibab Natl Forest, Natl Pk Serv, Fire Management, No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Pacific SW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, W O, Fire Management RP Sackett, SS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,USDA,RIVERSIDE,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 278 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG17Q UT WOS:A1996BG17Q00011 ER PT B AU Edminster, CB Olsen, WK AF Edminster, CB Olsen, WK BE Covington, W Wagner, PK TI Thinning as a tool in restoring and maintaining diverse structure in stands of Southwestern ponderosa pine SO CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT: RESTORATION OF CORDILLERAN CONIFER LANDSCAPES OF NORTH AMERICA SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Ecosystem Restoration and Management - Restoration of Cordilleran Conifer Landscapes of North America CY JUN 06-08, 1996 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Arizona State Land Dept, Bur Indian Affairs, Bur Land Management, Coconino Natl Forest, Kaibab Natl Forest, Natl Pk Serv, Fire Management, No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Pacific SW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, W O, Fire Management RP Edminster, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 278 BP 62 EP 68 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG17Q UT WOS:A1996BG17Q00012 ER PT J AU Kronick, PL Cooke, P AF Kronick, PL Cooke, P TI Thermal stabilization of collagen fibers by calcification SO CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE collagen; calorimetry; denaturation; hydroxyapatite; calcium phosphate; bone ID FIBRILS; GROWTH; BONE AB Mineralized collagenous tissue is known to be more stable than soft collagenous tissue both mechanically and thermally. We find that the denaturation temperature of collagen in bone scanned in differential scanning calorimetry at 5 degrees C/min is 155 degrees C, 90 degrees C higher than that in skin. Furthermore, when the bone is partially demineralized with citrate, a discrete intermediate denaturation temperature appears at 113 degrees C, indicating that the mineral is retained at preferential binding sites in the collagen until it is completely leached out. It is shown by electron microscopy that these sites are located in the overlap regions of the collagen fibrils. Collagen in bovine hide can be synthetically mineralized in vitro by impregnation with calcium acid phosphate solution, followed by raising the pH, causing the phosphate to precipitate. Some of the collagen in this synthetically calcified tissue has an elevated denaturation temperature, 104 degrees C. This temperature compares favorably with collagen that is tanned with chromium oxide-sulfate complexes. Calcium phosphate in synthetically mineralized hide, hydroxyapatite in bone, and chromium oxide-sulfate complexes in leather might share the same mechanism of thermal stabilization. RP Kronick, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0300-8207 J9 CONNECT TISSUE RES JI Connect. Tissue Res. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 4 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.3109/03008209609028885 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Orthopedics SC Cell Biology; Orthopedics GA UU940 UT WOS:A1996UU94000006 PM 8834445 ER PT J AU Hefferan, C AF Hefferan, C GP AMER COUNCIL CONSUMER INTERESTS TI Whither the consumer interest: The role of consumer education and research in an era of public reinvention SO CONSUMER INTERESTS ANNUAL, VOL 42 SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON CONSUMER INTERESTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Conference of the American-Council-on-Consumer-Interests CY MAR 27-30, 1996 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Council Consumer Interests C1 USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES EDUC & EXTENS SERV,OA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COUNCIL COMSUMER INTERESTS PI COLUMBIA PA 240 STANLEY HALL, UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 0275-1356 J9 P AM C CONS PY 1996 VL 42 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BG25L UT WOS:A1996BG25L00002 ER PT J AU Basiotis, PP Hirschman, JD Kennedy, ET AF Basiotis, PP Hirschman, JD Kennedy, ET GP AMER COUNCIL CONSUMER INTERESTS TI Economic and sociodemographic determinants of ''healthy eating'' as measured by USDA's Healthy Eating Index SO CONSUMER INTERESTS ANNUAL, VOL 42 SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON CONSUMER INTERESTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Conference of the American-Council-on-Consumer-Interests CY MAR 27-30, 1996 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Council Consumer Interests C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COUNCIL COMSUMER INTERESTS PI COLUMBIA PA 240 STANLEY HALL, UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 0275-1356 J9 P AM C CONS PY 1996 VL 42 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BG25L UT WOS:A1996BG25L00015 ER PT B AU Chaney, RL Oliver, DP AF Chaney, RL Oliver, DP BE Naidu, R Kookana, RS Oliver, DP Rogers, S McLaughlin, MJ TI Sources, potential adverse effects and remediation of agricultural soil contaminants SO CONTAMINANTS AND THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT IN THE AUSTRALASIA-PACIFIC REGION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Australasia-Pacific Conference on Contaminants and Soil Environment in the Australasia-Pacific Region CY FEB 18-23, 1996 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP Austr Ctr Int Agr Res, Commonwealth Environm Protect Agcy, S Austr Environm Protect Agcy, Brit Overseas Dev Adm, AusAid, Hort Res & Dev Corp, Grain Res & Dev Corp, QANTAS, Cooperat Res Ctr Soil & Land Management, CSIRO Div Soils RP Chaney, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI McLaughlin, Mike/F-2931-2010; Kookana, Rai/A-5170-2012 OI McLaughlin, Mike/0000-0001-6796-4144; Kookana, Rai/0000-0002-0477-3284 NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3900-2 PY 1996 BP 323 EP 359 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH48C UT WOS:A1996BH48C00011 ER PT J AU StAngelo, AJ AF StAngelo, AJ TI Lipid oxidation in foods SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE quality; lipid functionality; oxidation; rancidity; mechanism; TEA test; gas chromatography; descriptive analysis; sensory; antioxidants; shelf-life; storage; vegetable oils; peanuts; rice; muscle foods; beef; meat flavor deterioration; warmed-over flavor; poultry; catfish; lamb; tenderization; seafood; eggs ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ACID-REACTIVE SUBSTANCES; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CULTURED CHANNEL CATFISH; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VEGETABLE-OILS; 2-THIOBARBITURIC ACID; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AB This review discusses the basic chemical reactions that affect food flavor quality. Although there are many reactions that can lead to the deterioration of quality in foods, this review focuses on lipid oxidation and how it adversely affects flavor principles. It also presents technological advances for studying the basic mechanism of lipid oxidation, for measuring its intensity, and for retaining food quality. The food commodities that provide the subject matter for this review include vegetable oils, legumes, cereal grains, eggs, beef, lamb, poultry, seafoods, and catfish. The methodologies for assessing food quality form a multidisciplinary approach that includes primarily instrumental analysis by direct gas chromatography, chemical analysis by the TEA test, and sensory analysis by quantitative descriptive determinations. The author hopes that the information presented in this review is applicable to food commodities not discussed. RP StAngelo, AJ (reprint author), USDA, SO REG RES CTR, AGR RES & EDUC SERV, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 323 TC 168 Z9 169 U1 11 U2 84 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 175 EP 224 PG 50 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA TX535 UT WOS:A1996TX53500001 PM 8744604 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Camirand, WM Pavlath, AE AF Wong, DWS Camirand, WM Pavlath, AE TI Structures and functionalities of milk proteins SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE milk proteins; caseins; beta-lactoglobulin; alpha-lactalbumin; lactotransferrin ID BOVINE BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; COLLOIDAL CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; HUMAN ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; ARTIFICIAL CASEIN MICELLES; COLOSTRUM EQUUS-CABALLUS; HEAT-INDUCED GELATION; OIL-WATER INTERFACE; WHEY-PROTEIN AB During the last decade, marked progress has been made in the study of the fine details of the structures of milk proteins such as caseins, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, and lactotransferrin. Many of the functional properties of the individual milk proteins, as well as the milk protein products, may be described at the molecular level. This article is an attempt to thoroughly review the three-dimensional structures of major milk proteins, and to correlate them with the functional aspects of these proteins as food ingredients. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WRRC,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 249 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 8 U2 71 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1996 VL 36 IS 8 BP 807 EP 844 PG 38 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WA942 UT WOS:A1996WA94200004 PM 8989511 ER PT J AU Ricke, SC Martin, SA Nisbet, DJ AF Ricke, SC Martin, SA Nisbet, DJ TI Ecology, metabolism, and genetics of ruminal selenomonads SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Selenomonas ruminantium; rumen; ecology; metabolism; genetics ID GLUCOSE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; ORYZAE FERMENTATION EXTRACT; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LACTATE-UTILIZING BACTERIA; RUMEN MICROBIAL-GROWTH; EGG-YOLK ANTIBODIES; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMINO-ACIDS; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE AB Selenomonas ruminantium is one of the more prominent and functionally diverse bacteria present in the rumen and can survive under a wide range of nutritional fluctuations. Selenomonas is not a degrader of complex polysaccharides associated with dietary plant cell wall components, but is important in the utilization of soluble carbohydrates released from initial hydrolysis of these polymers by other ruminal bacteria. Selenomonads have multiple carbon flow routes for carbohydrate catabolism and ATP generation, and subspecies differ in their ability to use lactate. Some soluble carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose) appear to be transported via the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system, while arabinose and xylose are transported by proton symport. High cell yields and the presence of electron transport components in Selenomonas strains has been documented repeatedly and this may partially account for the energy partitioning observed between energy consumed for growth and maintenance functions. Most strains can utilize ammonia, protein, and/or amino acids as a nitrogen source. Some strains can hydrolyze urea and/or reduce nitrate and use the ammonia for the biosynthesis of amino acids. Experimental evidence suggests that ammonia assimilatory enzymes in some strains may possess unique properties with respect to other presumably similar bacteria. Little is known about the genetics of ruminal selenomonads. Plasmid DNA has been isolated from some strains, but it is unknown what physiological functions may be encoded on these extrachromosomal elements. Due to the predominance of S. ruminantium in the rumen, it is an ideal candidate for genetic manipulation. Once the genetics of this bacterium are better understood, it may be possible to amplify its role in the rumen. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. ARS,USDA,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ROOM 101 KLEBERG CTR,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 279 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 27 EP 65 DI 10.3109/10408419609106455 PG 39 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA UD780 UT WOS:A1996UD78000002 PM 8729959 ER PT J AU Preston, A Mandrell, RE Gibson, BW Apicella, MA AF Preston, A Mandrell, RE Gibson, BW Apicella, MA TI The lipooligosaccharides of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE lipooligosaccharides; lipopolysaccharides, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Bordetella, and Branhamella glycosphingolipids ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CYTIDINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHO-N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; CELL-SURFACE LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; GUINEA-PIG SERUM; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE AB Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are the major glycolipids expressed on mucosal Gram-negative bacteria, including members of the genera Neisseria, Haemophilus, Bordetella, and Branhamella. They can also be expressed on some enteric bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni and Camplobacter coli strains. LOS is analogous to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in other Gram-negative families. LOSs share similar lipid A structures with an identical array of functional activities as LPSs. LOSs lack O-antigen units with the LOS oligosaccharide structures limited to 10 saccharide units. The LOS species of pathogenic Neisseria can play a major role in pathogenesis through enhancing the resistance of the organism to killing by normal human serum. Other distinguishing characterics of LOS are the structural and antigenic similarity of some LOS species to human glycolipids and the potential for certain LOSs to be modified in vivo by host substances or secretions. These modifications of LOS in different environments of the host result in synthesis of new LOS structures that probably benefit the survival of the pathogen. The LOS of N. gonorrhoeae can act as a ligand of human receptors, promoting invasion of host cells. It is becoming clearer that LOSs are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of bacteria that express them. C1 USDA,ALBANY,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PHARMACEUT CHEM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP Preston, A (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,IOWA CITY,IA, USA. NR 193 TC 180 Z9 189 U1 2 U2 26 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 3 BP 139 EP 180 DI 10.3109/10408419609106458 PG 42 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VK155 UT WOS:A1996VK15500001 PM 8894399 ER PT J AU Fluhr, R Mattoo, AK AF Fluhr, R Mattoo, AK TI Ethylene - Biosynthesis and perception SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE plant hormone; hormone receptor; ethylene; protein kinase; senescence; ripening ID ENCODING 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE SYNTHETASE; TOMATO LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; POLLINATION-INDUCED SENESCENCE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY; CARNATION FLOWER PETALS; CUCURBITA-MAXIMA DUCH; ARABIDOPSIS ETR1 GENE; MUNG BEAN HYPOCOTYLS; MAP KINASE CASCADE AB Ethylene is a plant hormone influencing plant processes such as seed germination, diageotropism, flowering, abscission, senescence, fruit ripening, and pathogenesis responses. Its biosynthesis involves multistep enzymatic pathway converting methionine to ethylene. Conjugated forms of ACC, 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and 1-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and the enzymes catalyzing these reactions have also been demonstrated. The different ethylene biosynthesis enzymes are encoded each by a family of genes, which raises questions about their functional significance. In addition to transcriptional control of gene expression, posttranscriptional regulation seems to play an important role. Mutants of Arabidopsis and tomato have been used to dissect the ethylene signal transduction pathway. Analyses of ethylene-insensitive mutants in Arabidopsis and tomato have identified ETR1 gene or its homologues, which codes for a protein similar to microbial two-component regulators. Transgenic yeast expressing the ETR1 protein binds ethylene, suggesting that ETR1 is an ethylene receptor. Constitutive response mutants of Arabidopsis include eto types, which overproduce ethylene in the seedling stage, and ctr types, which resemble wild-type seedlings grown in ethylene. The CTR1 gene-product was shown to encode a Raf-like kinase involved in the signal transduction pathway. Thus, molecular characterization of the components involved in ethylene response and the delineation of a genetic structure, from ethylene biosynthesis through ethylene detection and gene activation, have enabled the first and most advanced functional insight into plant transduction of external events. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, REE, PLANT MOL BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT PLANT GENET, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 260 TC 171 Z9 182 U1 4 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 479 EP 523 PG 45 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VL534 UT WOS:A1996VL53400003 ER PT J AU Meredith, WR Pettigrew, WT Heitholt, JJ AF Meredith, WR Pettigrew, WT Heitholt, JJ TI Sub-okra, semi-smoothness, and nectariless effect on cotton lint yield SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAF MORPHOLOGY; TRAIT AB Combining ail useful traits into a single genetic background does not always result in a genotype whose performance could be predicted by individual trait effects. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of three cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) traits, and their interactions with one another and environments. Sub-okra leaf, semi-smooth leaf, and nectariless were backcrossed into 'DES 119' from MD65-11S. All eight combinations of the three traits were evaluated as BC4F4 and BC4F5 near isogenic populations in 1992 and 1993. They were grown at four locations near Stoneville, MS, in a randomized complete block design with six replications for yield and three for all other performance characteristics. No significant total yield response due to any trait was detected; however, sub-okra leaf types produced significantly higher (35 kg ha(-1) or 4%) first harvest yield than normal leaf types. Significant differences due to the main effects were detected for all other characteristics. Lint percentages for hairy and semi-smooth types were 37.3 and 36.8, respectively. Fiber strengths for nectaried and nectariless isolines averaged 196 and 192 kN m kg(-1), respectively. Normal leaf had heavier bells and seed, longer fiber, and lower fiber elongation than sub-okra types. Seed of semi-smooth isolines were heavier than those of hirsute cottons. Nectaried populations averaged larger bells and seed, longer 2.5% span length, stronger fiber and higher elongation than that for nectariless populations. Interactions were smaller than the 1 to 4% differences detected for main effects. No major negative interactions among traits or with other environments were encountered. Incorporating these traits into one cultivar with similar genetic background to DES 119 should result in no major breeding problems. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200004 ER PT J AU Berg, CC Leath, KT AF Berg, CC Leath, KT TI Responses of red clover cultivars to stemphylium leaf spot SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB Stemphylium leaf spot, caused by Stemphylium sarciniforme (Cav.) Wiltsh., occurs on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) at high severity levels in the northeastern USA and Canada during most seasons. Information on genetic variability for resistance to the disease and the effect of the disease on forage yield of red clover is lacking. The objectives of this research were to assess the levels of Stemphylium leaf spot on cultivars of red clover and to determine the impact of the disease on forage yield. Red clover was grown in the greenhouse and inoculated with S. sarciniforme to determine the levels of resistance within and among cultivars and to ascertain the degree of dry matter yield losses caused by this disease. Significant differences in leaf spot size severity scores occurred among 15 cultivars, but even the most resistant cultivars were scored as susceptible. Within each cultivar, 1 to 10% of the plants were scored as resistant phenotypes. When approximate to 30% of leaf area was affected by Stemphylium leaf spot, forage yield was reduced up to 30%. Uninoculated regrowth from previously inoculated plants was also reduced up to 30%. Selection for resistance to this disease in red clover should result in the development of resistant germplasm and should improve forage yield of the species. RP Berg, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200012 ER PT J AU Miller, JF AF Miller, JF TI Inheritance of restoration of Helianthus petiolaris sp fallax (PEF1) cytoplasmic male sterility SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUNFLOWER AB Worldwide production of cultivated hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) presently utilizes only the PET1 source of cytoplasmic male sterility. The use of one sterile cytoplasm creates a high degree of genetic vulnerability. The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of a new cytoplasmic male sterile source, PEF1, derived from Helianthus petiolaris sp. fallax Heiser and to determine the inheritance of restoration of this cytoplasm. Crosses were made between the PEF1 cytoplasmic male sterile source and several restorer lines known to restore the PET1 cytoplasm. None of the PET1 restorer lines had effective restoration genes for the PEF1 cytoplasm. Two genotypes, 'Zaria' (PI 371935) and HA 60 (Ames 4035), restored male fertility to the PEF1 cytoplasm. Fully fertile F-5 plants obtained from these crosses were used to pollinate the PEF1 cytoplasm. The fertile F-1 plants were self-pollinated and backcrossed to the PEF1 source to obtain F-2 and BC1F1 seeds, respectively. These generations were planted in the field nursery at Fargo, ND, in 1994. Data were recorded for pollen restoration. The restoration of the PEF1 cytoplasmic male sterile was determined to be controlled by two complementary dominant genes with cumulative gene action. The stability and effective restoration of the PEF1 cytoplasm indicated that this source could be utilized to decrease the genetic vulnerability in hybrid sunflower. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200015 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Afanador, L Kelly, JD AF Miklas, PN Afanador, L Kelly, JD TI Recombination-facilitated RAPD marker-assisted selection for disease resistance in common bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; RUST RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; GENES; PCR; LETTUCE AB The use of RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA) for indirect selection of disease resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is often limited by the amplification in susceptible germplasm of Dlr;A fragments equal in size to the resistance-linked markers. We investigated whether a recombinant individual, with recessive resistance (bc-3bc-3) to bean common mosaic virus, but lacking the RAPD OAD19(690) originally linked in repulsion, would enable indirect selection when crossed to a susceptible cv. C-20 with an amplified fragment equal in size to OAD19(690). Similar use of a recombinant for the marker OS13(660), originally linked in coupling but now in repulsion with bc-3, was investigated. Each marker segregated in reverse orientation with bc-3 in a single population as the resistant parent was recombinant for both RAPDs. In the resulting F-2 population of 81 individuals, OAD19(690), originally in repulsion, now cosegregated in coupling with the bc-3 allele, and could be used to obtain resistant progeny by selecting against it. Conversely, OS13(660), originally in coupling, now cosegregated in repulsion. The strategy of recombination-facilitated marker-assisted selection has the potential to: (i) overcome limited use of dominant RAPD markers by broadening their range of application across all susceptible genotypes, (ii) change linkage orientation of a dominant RAPD marker to that with the greatest selection efficiency for a particular breeding program, and (iii) indicate whether a RAPD marker and same-sized fragment assort independently or are amplified from the same or nearby genomic region. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, TROP AGRIC RES STN, POB 70, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00681 USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200016 ER PT J AU Kallenbach, RL Matches, AG Mahan, JR AF Kallenbach, RL Matches, AG Mahan, JR TI Sainfoin regrowth declines as metabolic rate increases with temperature SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; DESERT BROADLEAF; LEAF MORPHOLOGY; BETA-AMYLASE; STARCH; WHEATGRASSES; DEGRADATION; TAPROOTS; ALFALFA AB Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) often exhibits poor growth following periods of high ambient temperatures. Our objective was to investigate the influence of air and soil temperature on regrowth and persistence of sainfoin. At 99 d post planting, 'Renumex' sainfoin grown in 5- by 40-cm tubes were placed into growth chambers. Treatments were chamber air temperatures of 15, 25, or 35 degrees C with soil temperatures of 10, 20, or 30 degrees C. After a 21-d adjustment period, all plants were clipped to 2 cm (Harvest 1). Plants regrew for 35 d before the final harvest (Harvest 2). Measurements were number of leaves, leaf area, shoot mass, taproot mass, fine root mass, crown mass, taproot carbohydrates, starch degrading enzyme activity, whole plant metabolism, and plant survival. Leaves per plant decreased with increasing air temperature and this caused a decrease in sainfoin leaf area per plant and shoot yield per plant. Increasing air temperature from 15 to 35 degrees C or soil temperature from 10 to 30 degrees C decreased crown, taproot, and fine root mass by as much as 98%. Concentration of taproot carbohydrates showed a negative correlation (P < 0.05) with increasing air temperature. Metabolic Fates of leaves and roots were two and five times higher, respectively, when the air or soil temperature increased by 20 degrees C. Increasing air temperature showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05) with the number of dead plants per treatment (R(2) = 0.90). Few plants grown at 35 degrees C survived. Severe defoliation during periods of high temperatures may cause plant death because high metabolic rates cannot be supported by existing leaf area or taproot carbohydrates. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP Kallenbach, RL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BLYTHE,COOPERAT EXT,160 N BROADWAY,BLYTHE,CA 92225, USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200017 ER PT J AU Maas, EV Lesch, SM Francois, LE Grieve, CM AF Maas, EV Lesch, SM Francois, LE Grieve, CM TI Contribution of individual culms to yield of salt-stressed wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; SEMI-DWARF; SALINITY; GROWTH; COMPONENTS; PATTERNS; TILLERS; BARLEY; NUMBER AB Grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) is highly dependent upon the number of spike-bearing tilters produced by each plant. Soil salinity can greatly decrease their number and productivity. Knowing the contribution of specific tillers is essential for breeding salt-tolerant genotypes and for developing wheat growth simulation models. Our objective was to determine the effects of soil salinity on the contribution of individual culms to total grain and dry matter yields of two spring wheat cultivars, Anza and Yecora Rojo. Plants were grown in Pachappa fine sandy loam soil (mixed, thermic, Mollic Haploxeralf) in outdoor lysimeters for 2 yr. Three salinity treatments were imposed by irrigating with waters containing equal weights of NaCl and CaCl2 (electrical conductivities congruent to 1, 12, or 18 dS m(-1)). Despite substantial losses in the number of tillers at moderate levels of salt stress, grain yields of the main stem (MS) and tillers T1 and T2 were as great of greater than those on nonstressed plants of both cultivars. The contribution of the MS to yield on a land area basis increased from about 25 to 35% in nonsaline treatments to over 80% with increasing salinity. The contribution of primary tillers (congruent to 58-65% in nonsaline conditions) decreased substantially only at the highest salinity levels. Salinity stress significantly decreased the number of spikelets per spike but the number of kernels per spike either increased or was unaffected except at the highest level of stress. Increasing salinity decreased total straw yields primarily because of fewer tillers, but dry weights of the MSs and remaining tillers were also smaller. Results show that loss of spike-bearing tillers accounts for most of the yield reduction in salt-stressed wheat. RP Maas, EV (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200026 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Mackey, B Cook, C Akohoue, S Zambrzuski, S Samra, P AF Banuelos, GS Mackey, B Cook, C Akohoue, S Zambrzuski, S Samra, P TI Boron-amended water and soil - Response SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SALINE IRRIGATION WATER; JOAQUIN VALLEY SOIL; DRAINAGE WATER; FLY-ASH; TOXICITY; GROWTH AB Well and drainage water with high B concentrations may be an alternative source of water for irrigated agriculture in the western USA. Irrigation water with even moderate levels of B may, however, be toxic to plants. Two greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the growth responses of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to B-amended irrigation water (Experiment I) and B-amended soils (Experiment II) irrigated with B-free cater. In Experiment I, both kenaf and cotton were irrigated with water amended with 7.5 mg B L(-1) as boric acid or with water containing <0.25 mg B L(-1). In Experiment II, B uptake and B tolerance were evaluated for kenaf and cotton grown at two different times in B-amended soils (approximate to 45 mg total B kg(-1) soil and 7 mg extractable B L(-1)). In Experiment I, dry matter (DM) yield of both species was significantly reduced by B-amended water (P < 0.05 level). Compared with plants irrigated with control water, total DM yields were 50 and 30% lower for kenaf and cotton, respectively. Leaf tissue B concentrations ranged from 500 to 1400 mg B kg(-1) DM for kenaf and from 300 to 800 mg B kg(-1) DM for cotton. In Experiment II, growing kenaf and cotton in B-amended soils reduced DM yield of kenaf and cotton 27 and 17%, respectively. Mean leaf tissue B concentrations were 422 mg B kg(-1) DM in kenaf and 222 mg B kg(-1) DM in cotton. Results show that high soil B in greenhouse pot conditions decrease DM production of kenaf and cotton. C1 USDA ARS,PWA,OFF AREA DIRECTOR,ALBANY,CA 94710. USDA ARS,SPA,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 158 EP 164 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200028 ER PT J AU Beuselinck, PR Li, B Steiner, JJ AF Beuselinck, PR Li, B Steiner, JJ TI Rhizomatous Lotus corniculatus L .1. Taxonomic and cytological study SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Wild, putative Lotus corniculatus L. accessions from Morocco differ distinctly from domesticated L. corniculatus in that they produce rhizomes. Rhizomes may be useful in increasing stand persistence of domesticated L. corniculatus. The objective of this study was to identify to species the wild Lotus accessions from Morocco (G31272, G31273, G31276, G31298, and G31317) that present rhizomatous growth. Comparative morphological and cytological analyses and intercrossing with L. corniculatus were used in this study. Six morphological characters that distinguish L. corniculatus and L. uliginosus Schkuhr. (the only species in the genus Lotus recognized as producing rhizomes) were used to categorize taxonomically the Moroccan accessions. The Moroccan accessions were morphologically similar to L. corniculatus with the exception of the rhizome trait. The accessions were tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 24 somatic chromosomes. Karyotype analyses detected more similarities than differences between the Moroccan accessions and Norcen. Progeny were produced from intercrosses between L. corniculatus cvs. Norcen and AU Dewey and the Moroccan accessions. Hybridity of progeny was verified by morphological and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. A sample of reciprocal Fl progeny were tetraploid, fertile, and consistent in their production of rhizomes. A combination of morphological, chromosome, and karyotype analyses confirmed accessions G31272, G31273, G31276, G31298, and G31317 as L. conticulatus. This is the first description of L. corniculatus with rhizomes. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Beuselinck, PR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200032 ER PT J AU Percy, RG Calhoun, MC Kim, HL AF Percy, RG Calhoun, MC Kim, HL TI Seed gossypol variation within Gossypium barbadense L cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS AB Gossypol, a triterpenoid aldehyde found in all species of the genus Gossypium, possesses insecticidal, antimicrobial, antifertility, and antitumor properties. Gossypol content in cotton seed varies among cultivated species and among cultivars within species. This investigation was conducted at the Texas Agricultural Research Center in San Angelo, TX, in 1993 to determine the regional and geographic variability for seed gossypol content and isomer form in G. barbadense L. A set of 57 accessions (collected during 50 yr from 21 countries) representing five regions, and 26 cultivars were analyzed. Species' variation for gossypol and isomer content exceeded previous reports. Total gossypol content in seed ranged from 3.0 to 34.0 g kg(-1) kernel weight. The more biologically active negative isomer ranged from 249 to 689 g kg(-1) total seed gossypol. Cotton accessions collected west of the Andes mountains in South America displayed the greatest variation in seed gossypol and gossypol isomer contents. Accessions from Central America and Argentina displayed the least variation. Subsets of accessions, possessing unique levels of seed gossypol or gossypol isomer, were identified within regional groups or cultivars. A low (r = 0.02) phenotypic correlation between gossypol content and isomer ratio suggested that simultaneous selection for the two traits is feasible. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,SAN ANGELO,TX 76901. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Percy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,MARICOPA AGR CTR,37860 W SMITH ENKE RD,MARICOPA,AZ 85239, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200034 ER PT J AU Martin, FA Bischoff, KP Milligan, SB Dufrene, EO Quebedeaux, KL Hoy, JW Reagan, TE MIller, JD Legendre, BL AF Martin, FA Bischoff, KP Milligan, SB Dufrene, EO Quebedeaux, KL Hoy, JW Reagan, TE MIller, JD Legendre, BL TI Registration of 'LCP 86-454' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,ST GABRIEL RES STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,IBERIA RES STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & CROP PHYSIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70360. RP Martin, FA (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,AUDUBON SUGAR INST,SUGAR STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 206 EP 206 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200038 ER PT J AU Mosjidis, JA Owsley, CM Kirkland, MS Rogers, KM AF Mosjidis, JA Owsley, CM Kirkland, MS Rogers, KM TI Registration of 'AU GroundCover' caleypea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA,NRCS,PLANT MAT CTR,AMERICUS,GA. USDA,NRCS,AUBURN,AL. RP Mosjidis, JA (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,202 FUNCHESS HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Owsley, Cynthia/B-7986-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 207 EP 207 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200041 ER PT J AU Hartwig, EE AF Hartwig, EE TI Registration of soybean germplasm line D90-7256 having high seed protein and low oligosaccharides SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Hartwig, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 196, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 212 EP 212 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200050 ER PT J AU Hartwig, EE Young, LD Gibson, P AF Hartwig, EE Young, LD Gibson, P TI Registration of soybean germplasm line D83-3349 resistant to sudden death syndrome, soybean cyst nematode, and two root-knot nematodes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, JACKSON, TN 38301 USA. SO ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, CARBONDALE, IL 62901 USA. RP Hartwig, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 196, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 212 EP 212 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200049 ER PT J AU Dewald, CL Kindiger, B AF Dewald, CL Kindiger, B TI Registration of FGT-1 eastern gamagrass germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Dewald, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200057 ER PT J AU Tischler, CR Voigt, PW Ocumpaugh, WR AF Tischler, CR Voigt, PW Ocumpaugh, WR TI Registration of TEM-LC and TEM-EC kleingrass germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BEEVILLE,TX 78102. RP Tischler, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 220 EP 220 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TN282 UT WOS:A1996TN28200058 ER PT B AU Staub, J Serquen, F Bacher, J AF Staub, J Serquen, F Bacher, J BE GomezGuillamon, ML Soria, C Cuartero, J Tores, JA FernandezMunoz, R TI Genetic map construction and map merging in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO CUCURBITS TOWARDS 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIth Eucarpia Meeting on Cucurbit Genetics and Breeding CY MAY 28-30, 1996 CL MALAGA, SPAIN SP Consejo Super Invest Cient, Comis Interministerial Ciencia Technol, Semillas Fito, S A, Caja Rural Malaga Granada ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE MAPS; MARKER; TOMATO C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Staub, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CONSEJO SUPERIOR INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS PI MALAGA PA ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL LA MAYORA, 29750 MALAGA, SPAIN PY 1996 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP67M UT WOS:000085826900020 ER PT B AU McCreight, JD Fashing-Burdette, P AF McCreight, JD Fashing-Burdette, P BE GomezGuillamon, ML Soria, C Cuartero, J Tores, JA FernandezMunoz, R TI Resistance of PI 124112 and 'Eldorado-300' melons (Cucumis melo L.) to papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain SO CUCURBITS TOWARDS 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIth Eucarpia Meeting on Cucurbit Genetics and Breeding CY MAY 28-30, 1996 CL MALAGA, SPAIN SP Consejo Super Invest Cient, Comis Interministerial Ciencia Technol, Semillas Fito, S A, Caja Rural Malaga Granada ID BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY C1 USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA USA. RP McCreight, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CONSEJO SUPERIOR INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS PI MALAGA PA ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL LA MAYORA, 29750 MALAGA, SPAIN PY 1996 BP 298 EP 301 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP67M UT WOS:000085826900041 ER PT B AU Bohn, GW Kishaba, AN McCreight, JD AF Bohn, GW Kishaba, AN McCreight, JD BE GomezGuillamon, ML Soria, C Cuartero, J Tores, JA FernandezMunoz, R TI A survey of tolerance to Aphis gossypii Glover in part of the world collection of Cucumis melo L. SO CUCURBITS TOWARDS 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIth Eucarpia Meeting on Cucurbit Genetics and Breeding CY MAY 28-30, 1996 CL MALAGA, SPAIN SP Consejo Super Invest Cient, Comis Interministerial Ciencia Technol, Semillas Fito, S A, Caja Rural Malaga Granada ID VIRUS TRANSMISSION; RESISTANCE C1 USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA USA. RP Bohn, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CONSEJO SUPERIOR INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS PI MALAGA PA ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL LA MAYORA, 29750 MALAGA, SPAIN PY 1996 BP 334 EP 339 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP67M UT WOS:000085826900047 ER PT J AU Johnson, DE Howard, RW AF Johnson, DE Howard, RW TI Inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis and their effect upon Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin response in cultured insect cells and developing larvae SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; SPECIFICITY; MECHANISM; CRYSTAL; ACID; PROSTAGLANDINS; BIOASSAY; PROTEIN; MIDGUT; TISSUE AB Twelve inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis were examined for their ability to affect the response of insect cells in vitro and developing larvae to delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. The response of cultured insect cells from Manduca sexta, Choristoneura fumiferana, and Plodia interpunctella to CryIA(c) and CryIC protein from Bacillus thuringiensis was measured while exposed to various concentrations of specific cyclooxygenase and/or lipoxygenase inhibitors. Five of the inhibitors (curcumin, baicalein, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, indomethacin, and eicosatetraynoic acid) were toxic to the cells at high concentrations (> 20 mu M). Surprisingly, the same inhibitors had no significant effect upon normal larval development, except for nordihydroguaiaretic acid. No true, consistent difference was detected with either lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase inhibitors for cells or larvae treated with delta-endotoxin. However, the delta-endotoxin response of insect cells in vitro and developing larvae in the presence of nordihydroguaiaretic acid was strong evidence of an involvement with P-450 cytochromes in the B. thuringiensis toxic response. RP Johnson, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s002849900001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TK321 UT WOS:A1996TK32100001 ER PT B AU Vallejo, RL Bacon, LD Witter, RL Cheng, HH AF Vallejo, RL Bacon, LD Witter, RL Cheng, HH BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting susceptibility to Marek's disease in the chicken SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE disease susceptibility; genetic mapping; genetic resistance; Marek's disease; quantitative trait loci ID MARKERS AB The recent development of a genetic map of the chicken enabled us to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting susceptibility to Marek's disease (MD). The highly inbred Lines 6(3) (MD resistant) and 7(2) (MD susceptible) were mated to create 300+ F-2 chickens. The F-2 chickens were challenged with MD virus (MDV) at 1 week of age. The chickens were monitored far symptoms of MD susceptibility up to 10 weeks of age and all were necropsied to evaluate gross MD tumor and lesions; MDV viremia levels were determined 2 weeks post-challenge. Parametric and non-parametric ANOVA techniques were used in the QT. analysis. At the first stage of analysis, 65 DNA markers selected from the East Lansing genetic map were genotyped in 80 selected F-2 chickens, and 22 markers residing near to potential QTLs affecting MD susceptibility were identified (P less than or equal to 0.2). At the second stage of analysis, significant markers at the first stage plus flanking markers (42 in total) were genotyped on the entire F-2 population. Eight QTLs (P less than or equal to 0.01), each affecting several components of MD susceptibility, were identified on seven linkage groups of the chicken. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Vallejo, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200003 ER PT B AU Bacon, L Motta, J Cheng, H Vallejo, R Witter, R AF Bacon, L Motta, J Cheng, H Vallejo, R Witter, R BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Use of recombinant congenic chicken strains to define non-MHC genes influencing Marek's disease susceptibility SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE genetic resistance; JM virus; non-Mhc; recombinant congenic strains; tumors ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; RESISTANCE; LINES AB ADOL selected inbred lines 6(3) and 7(2) are resistant or susceptible, respectively, to Marek's disease (MD). However, both of these lines are homozygous for the same Mhc genes (B-2 haplotype). To identify the non-Mite genes influencing MD, we are developing recombinant congenic strains (RCS) between lines 6(3) and 7(2). An F-1 and two backcross generations were made using 6(3) as the recurrent parental female line. Twenty-four RCS's were initiated, and with subsequent sib-matings each of these will become inbred, and will contain a differing 12.5% of the line 7(2) genome. Chicks in 17 of the RCS's in the first generation after strain development were used for an initial analysis of MD susceptibility. Chicks from seven hatches were inoculated with JM virus at one week of age. Chicks from sis strains were resistant to MD tumors, while six other strains revealed less than 6% susceptibility. Chicks from three strains had good evidence for MD tumor susceptibility, and susceptibility was related to the parents used within some strains, suggesting there may be major MD susceptibility genes segregating in those strains. Additional development of these strains should result in the identification of non-Mhc genes affecting MD susceptibility. DNA analysis of RCS chickens may elucidate the identification and functionality of relevant genes. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Bacon, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200011 ER PT B AU Bacon, L Vallejo, R Cheng, H Witter, R AF Bacon, L Vallejo, R Cheng, H Witter, R BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Failure of Rfp-Y genes to influence resistance to Marek's disease SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE B-haplotype; RFLP; Rfp-Y; tumors; viremia ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; B-COMPLEX; CHICKEN LINES; HAPLOTYPES; SYSTEM AB Chickens have recently been shown to possess class I and class II Mhc-like genes, collectively termed the Rfp-Y haplotype, that assort independent of the B-complex. Cornell lines N and P, selected for resistance or susceptibility, respectively, to Marek's disease (MD) possess different Rfp-Y haplotypes, i.e., N has Y-5, Y-7 and Y-8, whereas P has Y-5, Y-8 and Y-9. In addition, the ADOL inbred lines 6(3) and 7(2), resistant or susceptible to MD respectively, each contains an additional unique Rfp-Y haplotype (tentatively termed Y-11 and Y-12). The effect of Rfp-Y haplotype on MD was studied in chickens produced by Rfp-Y heterozygous parents in lines N, P, a backcross mating of those lines, and a 7(2)X6(3) F-2 mating. The chicks were assessed for B-genotype by blood-typing, and for Rfp-Y genotype by RFLP analysis using Bam HT enzyme and a Rfp-Y LBIII probe, or Tag I enzyme and a B-FIV probe. Chicks were challenged with 2,000 pfu of JM virus at 1-2 weeks of age and termination was at 10 weeks. The Rfp-Y,genes had no significant influence on MD tumors or MD viremia in N, P or P x (NxP) chicks, whereas the B haplotype had major influences on these traits in the backcross chicks. Moreover, the Rfp-Y haplotype influenced neither MD viremia nor tumor development in the 7(2)x6(3) F-2 chickens. We conclude that MD resistance is not significantly influenced by the Rfp-Y haplotype in two resistant x susceptible strain crosses, and that any effects of the Rfp-Y loci must be minuscule compared to effects conferred by the Mhc B haplotype. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Bacon, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200012 ER PT B AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Evolution of virulence of Marek's disease virus: Evidence for a novel pathotype SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE evolution; Marek's disease; pathotype; transient paralysis; virulence; virus AB The virulence of 31 isolates of serotype 1 Marek's disease (MD) virus obtained from layer or broiler flocks during 1989-1995 was determined by challenge at 6 days of nonvaccinated and vaccinated chickens and compared to challenge with prototype viruses JM/102W and Md5. Three and 21 isolates were classified in the v and vv pathotypes, respectively. Seven isolates produced significantly higher levels of MD in HVT+SB-1-vaccinated chickens than the Md5 control and were provisionally designated as a new pathotype (vv+). Lymphoma mortality and frequency of visceral lymphomas and ocular lesions were positively correlated with virulence. Both vv and vv+ isolates induced transient paralysis and lymphomas in chickens challenged at 3 or 18 weeks. These findings support the continued evolution of MD virus towards greater virulence. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200015 ER PT B AU Liu, HC Silva, RF Cheng, HH AF Liu, HC Silva, RF Cheng, HH BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Detection of DNA polymorphisms is between oncogenic and attenuated serotype 1 Marek's disease virus strains using RAPD markers SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE DNA; mutation; oncogenesis; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ID SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; EXPANSION AB A key goal of research on Marek's disease is to identify the gene(s) in the Marek's disease virus (MDV) that promote oncogenesis. One way to accomplish this goal is to identify the DNA mutations accompanying attenuation of oncogenic MDV strains acquired through serial passages in cell culture. In this study, we evaluated the potential of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to detect DNA polymorphisms between oncogenic and attenuated serotype 1 MDV strains. The RAPD marker technology is a variation of the standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) where a single primer of arbitrary sequence directs the synthesis of products, some of which may be polymorphic between samples. Five hundred 10-mer RAPD primers were employed in PCRs using total DNA isolated from MDV-infected cells. Thirty-two PCR products were identified that detected MDV-specific sequences and three of these products were polymorphic between oncogenic and attenuated derivatives. The three polymorphic bands were sequenced and mapped to four different MDV open reading frames. Thus, RAPD markers are able to detect rapidly DNA polymorphisms between viral strains indicating that this technology may be applicable to identifying important viral genes as well as providing molecular tags for MDV strains. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Liu, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 148 EP 153 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200025 ER PT B AU Niikura, M Cheng, H Silva, RF AF Niikura, M Cheng, H Silva, RF BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Analysis of differently expressed mRNA between virulent and attenuated MDV-1 in CEF by differential display SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE attenuation; differential display; MDV; Marek's disease; oncogenicity ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; NUCLEOTIDE; HOMOLOG; RNAS; MAP AB During the process of attenuating Marek's Disease virus (MDV) by passage in tissue culture, several changes in the virus genome have been reported. However, it is not clear which change(s) on the genome is responsible for the attenuation. Differential display (dd) is a novel technique which utilize RT-PCR with short 5' primers and anchored oligo-dT 3' primers to compare expressed mRNA in two different cell populations. We have applied this technique to the RNA from virulent and cell culture- passaged attenuated Md11-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts in order to detect differences in mRNA expression in these cells. With 132 reactions, we found 4 virulent virus-specific bands. They were localized near the 132bp repeat region, on ICP4 gene region, on VP16 gene region and on the BmnHI-D fragment, respectively. However, the difference in expression was confirmed by Northern blot only with the dd fragment located near the 132bp repeat region. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Niikura, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200026 ER PT B AU Mao, YP Wu, P Kung, HJ Lee, LF AF Mao, YP Wu, P Kung, HJ Lee, LF BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI DNA sequence analysis of MDV genomic fragments BamHI-P2, -I1, -J and EcoRI-E reveals a large open reading frame homologous to a herpes simplex virus gene encoding a DNA-binding tegument protein SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE Marek's disease virus; motif; open reading frame AB DNA sequences of Marek's disease virus (MDV) EcoRI fragment E, BamHI fragment P-2, J and Il have been determined and they constitute one large open reading frame (ORF). Analysis of the ORF reveals that it is homologous to the UL36 gene of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV), which encodes ICP1/2, a DNA-binding tegument protein. Compared with HSV ICP1/2, the predicted amino acid sequence of the MDV UL36 homolog (UL36h) also contains two potential ATP-binding motifs and a long stretch of proline repeat near its C-terminus, and the two leucine zippers found in HSV UL36 protein are not identified in the UL36h protein. Interestingly, a potential lipid membrane attachment motif is identified at the N terminus of the protein. Based on the known function of the HSV UL36 gene, MDV UL36h may also be involved in DNA packaging during viral maturation. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Mao, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 176 EP 181 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200030 ER PT B AU Wu, P Sui, DX Lee, LF AF Wu, P Sui, DX Lee, LF BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 9-kb region of Marek's disease virus genome exhibits a collinear gene arrangement with the U(L)29 to U(L)36 genes of herpes simplex virus SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE Marek's disease virus; DNA sequence; unique long sequence ID IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB We reported the nucleotide sequence of the 9-kb BamHI fragment E of serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV) GA strain genome. The analysis revealed 6 complete and 2 partial open reading frames (ORFs). Most ORFs exhibited strong amino acid sequence homology to the gene products of alphaherpesviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and were arranged collinear with the prototype sequence of HSV in the range of the U(L)29 to U(L)36 genes. Some of the DNA fragments were cloned into pATH vectors to express trpE fusion proteins. Antiserum were developed by inoculating rabbits with the trpE fusion proteins, The expressions of these genes in the chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) infected with MDV GA strain we:re identified by immunoprecipitation or Northern hybridization analysis. The potential function of these gene products were discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Wu, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200037 ER PT B AU Lee, LF Wu, P Sui, DX AF Lee, LF Wu, P Sui, DX BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Identification and transcriptional analysis of a Marek's disease virus gene encoding membrane glycoprotein gp82. SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE Marek's disease virus; UL32h gene; glycoprotein ID DNA-SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; HERPESVIRUS; TYPE-1 AB The BamHI-E fragment of Marek's disease virus genomic DNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,923 base pairs which is homologous to UL32 of herpes simplex virus type 1. Downstream of MDV UL32h, another ORF was identified as a homolog of HSV-1 UL31. Northern blot analysis revealed that MDV UL32h was cotranscribed with UL31h. The primary translation product of UL32h is predicted to be comprised of 641 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 71.5 kDa, as compared with the apparent molecular weight of 82.2 kDa observed in immunoprecipitation of MDV-infected cell extracts using antiserum against trpE fusion protein. Hydrophobicity analysis of gp82 identified multiple domains that may interact: with or span the membrane several times. The protein probably belongs to a class of membrane glycoprotein. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Lee, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200041 ER PT B AU Silva, RF Witter, RL AF Silva, RF Witter, RL BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Correlation of PCR detection of MDV with the appearance of histological lesions SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE diagnosis; Marek's disease; MDV; pathology; PCR ID DISEASE AB Field diagnosis of MD based upon gross and histological examinations can sometimes be problematic. Previously, we described a PCR assay to detect MDV sequences. To determine whether the PCR assay correlates exactly with the appearance of MD lesions, one-day-old 15I(5) x 7(1) chickens were inoculated intraabdominally with 10(3) PFU of JM/102 virus. At various intervals, birds were sacrificed, and examined grossly for lesions. Tissues were also harvested for histological analysis. DNA extracted from the tissues was PCR amplified with primers specific for either the gB gene or the 132 bp repeats in the serotype 1 MDV genome. Results indicated that the buffy coat became PCR positive by 5 days, and remained positive at least through 29 days. Both thymus and bursa contained the virus at 5 days as well. Except for the liver, all tested tissues from 14 days on generally contained the MDV genome. Histological lesions first appeared at 14 days postinoculation in the gonads, kidney, liver and peripheral nerves. In general, there was good correlation between the appearance of lesions and a positive PCR amplification. However, the less than 100% correlation suggests workers should be cautious in solely relying upon PCR to diagnose MD. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Silva, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 302 EP 307 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200050 ER PT B AU Lee, LF Nazerian, K Witter, RL Yoshida, S Yanagida, N AF Lee, LF Nazerian, K Witter, RL Yoshida, S Yanagida, N BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Characterization of the immunogenic epitopes of Marek's disease virus glycoprotein B in recombinant fowlpox virus SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE Marek's disease virus; glycoprotein B; gB epitope; recombinant fowlpox virus ID IDENTIFICATION; HERPESVIRUS; CHICKENS AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein B (gB), a highly conserved immunogenic glycoprotein, plays an important role in protective immunity. When chickens were inoculated with a recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) expressing gB, neutralizing antibodies were produced and the chickens were protected against challenge with pathogenic strains of MDV. We have shown that gB is initially synthesized as a glycosylated precursor(gp100), and then proteolytically cleaved to gp60 and gp49. Several chimeric gB genes were constructed by replacing either gp60 or gp49 of the serotype-l gB gene with the homologous region of a serotype-2 gB using a common restriction site. Recombinant FPVs with chimeric gB genes were analyzed for expression by immunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence using serotype specific monoclonal antibodies. Results show the location of the immunogenic and protective epitopes to be on the gp49 moiety of the molecule. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Lee, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200068 ER PT B AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL BE Silva, RF Cheng, HH Coussens, PM Lee, LF Velicer, LF TI Historic incidence of Marek's disease as revealed by condemnation statistics SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON MAREK'S DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mareks Disease CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Bart Rispens Mem Lecture, Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet Co, Hy-Line Int, Intervet, Inc, Michigan State Univ, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Rhone Merieux-Select Labs Inc, Solvay Anim Hlth Inc, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Cooperative State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Arbor Acres Farm Inc, Avian Farms Inc, DeKalb Poultry Res Inc, Hubbard Farms, Natl Broiler Council, Pfizer Inc, Anim Hlth, Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms, SPAFAS Inc, Cobb-Vantress Inc, Hy-Vac Lab Eggs Co, Lasher Assoc, Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Maine Biol Lab, Mallinckrodt Vet, Origen Inc, Ross Breeders Inc, Shaft Biol Labs Ltd, TAD PHARMA GMBH, Upjohn Co, Tri Bio Labs Inc, Tysons Food Inc, Abbott Labs, Embrex Inc, Ohio Poultry Assoc, Seaboard Farms, Sunrise Farms Inc, Vineland Labs, Waldbaums Inc HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DE condemnations; epidemiology; Marek's AB Coincident with the establishment in 1959 of federal poultry inspection, the United States Department of Agriculture began collecting statistics on causes of condemnation of poultry at slaughter. Statistics on young chickens document a dramatic rise of condemnations for "leukosis" (the term employed for Marek's disease (MD) tumors) in broiler chickens during the 1960s. This increase occurred first in the Dehmarva region but soon spread to other states. Peak incidence occurred in 1970, when losses exceeded 4% in certain states, Following the introduction of vaccines, condemnations subsided dramatically. These statistics represent a valuable tool to determine trends in disease incidence for MD but need to be interpreted with caution. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA BN 0-915538-06-7 PY 1996 BP 501 EP 508 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BM91A UT WOS:000080095200082 ER PT J AU Mohrenweiser, H Olsen, A Archibald, A Beattie, C Burmeister, M Lamerdin, J Lennon, G Stewart, E Stubbs, L Weber, JL Johnson, K AF Mohrenweiser, H Olsen, A Archibald, A Beattie, C Burmeister, M Lamerdin, J Lennon, G Stewart, E Stubbs, L Weber, JL Johnson, K TI Report of the Third International Workshop on Human Chromosome 19 Mapping 1996 SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; FAMILIAL HEMIPLEGIC MIGRAINE; MYOTONIC-DYSTROPHY; CEREBELLAR-ATAXIA; MICROSATELLITE POLYMORPHISM; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; RYANODINE RECEPTOR; GENOMIC SEQUENCE; REPAIR GENE C1 ROSLIN INST,ROSLIN EH25 9PS,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. ARS,USDA,MARC,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV MICHIGAN,MENTAL HLTH RES INST,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. STANFORD HUMAN GENOME CTR,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. UNIV GLASGOW,ANDERSON COLL,INST BIOMED & LIFE SCI,DIV MOL GENET,GLASGOW G11 6NU,LANARK,SCOTLAND. RP Mohrenweiser, H (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM L452,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Burmeister, Margit/A-3157-2013; OI Burmeister, Margit/0000-0002-1914-2434; Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1996 VL 74 IS 3 BP 162 EP 181 PG 20 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA VT858 UT WOS:A1996VT85800003 ER PT J AU Beattie, CW Kappes, SM Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Freking, B Smith, TPL Lopez, N AF Beattie, CW Kappes, SM Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Freking, B Smith, TPL Lopez, N TI Linkage assignments for HAS 19 conserved regions of synteny in cattle, sheep and swine SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1996 VL 74 IS 3 BP 182 EP 183 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA VT858 UT WOS:A1996VT85800005 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Goudie, CA Simco, BA Davis, KB AF Liu, Q Goudie, CA Simco, BA Davis, KB TI Sex-linkage of glucosephosphate isomerase-B and mapping of the sex-determining gene in channel catfish SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Human Chromosome 2 Mapping 1996 CY APR 10, 1996 CL IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND LABS, LONDON, ENGLAND SP European Commiss HUGO, NIH, Imperial Canc Res Fund HO IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND LABS ID RAINBOW-TROUT; ENZYME LOCI; BONY FISHES; EVOLUTION; OREOCHROMIS; CHROMOSOMES; KARYOLOGY; ICTALURUS; SALMON; MODEL AB Sex-linkage of glucosephosphate isomerase-B (GPI-B) was observed in five experimental matings between heterozygous male and homozygous female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Offspring phenotypes for GPI-B were 40.8% heterozygous male and 43.0% homozygous female, while recombinant offspring were 7.4% homozygous male and 8.8% heterozygous female. Thus, GPT-B and the sex-determining gene (SDG) were Linked and had a recombination rate of 16.2%. This linkage was designated I. punctatus linkage group XXIX. The gene-centromere distance (1.66 cM) of SDG, estimated in six gynogenetic families derived from XY females, indicated that SDG resides very close to the centromere. Based on estimates of these genetic distances, a chromosomal order of GPI-B-centromere-SDG was proposed. Additionally, joint segregation of GPI-A and SDG in two experimental matings indicated no genetic linkage between GPI-A and sex. These genetic relationships were compared to those reported in other teleost taxa with regard to evolutionary conservation of ancestral gene arrangements. C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. MEMPHIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ECOL RES CTR,DIV ECOL & ORGANISMAL BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1996 VL 73 IS 4 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1159/000134356 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA VD191 UT WOS:A1996VD19100018 PM 8751376 ER PT J AU Lynn, DE AF Lynn, DE TI Development and characterization of insect cell lines SO CYTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell line establishment; cryopreservation; insect cells, development of; insect cells, characterization of; isoenzymes; lepidopteran cell cultures ID CULTURE; ELECTROPHORESIS RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BARC W,BLD 011A,RM 214,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9069 J9 CYTOTECHNOLOGY JI Cytotechnology PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1007/BF00350384 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA VG030 UT WOS:A1996VG03000002 PM 22358470 ER PT J AU Shaw, DW Finch, DM AF Shaw, DW Finch, DM BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Desired future conditions for Southwestern riparian ecosystems: Bringing interests and concerns together - September 18-22, 1995 - Albuquerque, New Mexico - Introduction SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SW REG,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00001 ER PT J AU Tainter, JA Tainter, BB AF Tainter, JA Tainter, BB BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Riverine settlement in the evolution of prehistoric land-use systems in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 22 EP 32 PG 11 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00004 ER PT J AU Wozniak, FE AF Wozniak, FE BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Human impacts on riparian ecosystems of the Middle Rio Grande Valley during historic times SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,SW REG OFF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00005 ER PT J AU Mount, J Krausman, W Finch, DM AF Mount, J Krausman, W Finch, DM BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Riparian habitat change along the Isleta-Belen reach of the Rio Grande SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SW REG,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00007 ER PT J AU Finch, DM AF Finch, DM BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Research and management of soil, plant, animal, and human resources in the Middle Rio Grande Basin SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00009 ER PT B AU Yong, W Finch, DM AF Yong, W Finch, DM BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Landbird species composition and relative abundance during migration along the middle Rio Grande SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 77 EP 92 PG 16 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00010 ER PT B AU Finch, DM Domenici, P Whitney, JC Harris, S Shields, B Crawford, CS AF Finch, DM Domenici, P Whitney, JC Harris, S Shields, B Crawford, CS BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Panel - Rio Grande restoration: Future directions SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 100 EP 112 PG 13 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00012 ER PT B AU Potter, DU Gorman, SM AF Potter, DU Gorman, SM BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Spatial relationships among lightning, precipitation and vegetative cover in watersheds of the Rio Puerco basin: An introduction SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 113 EP 127 PG 15 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00013 ER PT J AU Shaw, NL Clary, WP AF Shaw, NL Clary, WP BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Willow establishment in relation to cattle grazing on an eastern Oregon stream SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,BOISE,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 148 EP 153 PG 6 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00017 ER PT J AU Rogers, TJ AF Rogers, TJ BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Insects of the riparian SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SW REG,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 154 EP 156 PG 3 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00018 ER PT B AU Calamusso, B Rinne, JN AF Calamusso, B Rinne, JN BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Distribution of Rio Grande cutthroat trout and its co-occuruence with the Rio Grande sucker and Rio Grande chub on the Carson and Santa Fe national forests SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA,US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 157 EP 167 PG 11 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00019 ER PT J AU ChungMacCoubrey, A AF ChungMacCoubrey, A BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Bat species using water sources in pinyon-juniper woodlands SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 168 EP 170 PG 3 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00020 ER PT J AU Periman, RD AF Periman, RD BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI The influence of prehistoric Anasazi cobble-mulch agricultural features on northern Rio Grande landscapes SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,CULTURAL HERITAGE RES WORK UNIT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00022 ER PT J AU Raish, C AF Raish, C BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Historic land use and grazing patterns in northern New Mexico SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,CULTURAL HERITAGE RES WORK UNIT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 189 EP 197 PG 9 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00023 ER PT J AU Potter, DA Finch, DM AF Potter, DA Finch, DM BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Rio Grande Basin Consortium: Mission, goals, and activities SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00025 ER PT J AU Bonomo, T AF Bonomo, T BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Public involvement and consensus building in the Verde River Watershed in Central Arizona SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,CAMP VERDE,AZ 86322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 230 EP 236 PG 7 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00031 ER PT J AU Perlman, R Wozniak, FE Brookshire, DS McKee, M Schmidt, C Barron, T Raish, C AF Perlman, R Wozniak, FE Brookshire, DS McKee, M Schmidt, C Barron, T Raish, C BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI People and riparian ecosystems: Past, present, and future SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,CULTURAL HERITAGE RES WORK UNIT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00032 ER PT J AU Medina, AL Baker, MB Neary, DG AF Medina, AL Baker, MB Neary, DG BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Desirable functional processes: A conceptual approach for evaluating ecological condition SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 302 EP 311 PG 10 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00042 ER PT J AU Christman, C Shaw, DW Spann, CL Luehring, P AF Christman, C Shaw, DW Spann, CL Luehring, P BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI GIS applications in riparian management SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00045 ER PT B AU Medina, AL AF Medina, AL BE Shaw, DW Finch, DM TI Native aquatic plants and ecological condition of southwestern wetlands and riparian areas SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS: BRINGING INTERESTS AND CONCERNS TOGETHER SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Desired Future Conditions for Southwestern Riparian Ecosystems - Bringing Interests and Concerns Together CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 272 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF68T UT WOS:A1996BF68T00046 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Campbell, RM Armstrong, JD Cox, NM AF Barb, CR Campbell, RM Armstrong, JD Cox, NM TI Aspartate and glutamate modulation of growth hormone secretion in the pig: Possible site of action SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; N-METHYL-D,L-ASPARTATE; ACID; PLASMA; HYPOTHALAMUS; PROLACTIN; RELEASE; MONKEYS; BRAIN; SHEEP AB The influence of excitatory amino acids (EAA) on growth hormone (GH) secretion and thr possible site of action was investigated in the pig. In Experiment (Exp) I three replicates were conducted with 30 prepuberal gilts, 130 d of age and averaging 70.6 +/- 1.3 kg body weight (BW). Six gilts each received intravenously (iv) 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg BW of aspartate (ASP) or glutamate (GLU) in saline. Blood samples were collected every 15 min for 2 hr before and 3 hr after treatment. In Exp II, mature ovariectomized gilts (163 +/- 10 kg BW) that had been immunized against growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) conjugated to human serum albumin (GRFi; n = 4) or against human serum albumin alone (HSAi; n = 5) received 150 mg/kg BW ASP or GLU iv in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, which was then repeated in a crossover design. One week later, all animals received 10 mg/kg N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA; EAA agonist) in saline iv. Blood samples were collected as described above. In Exp III, cultures of anterior pituitary cells from market-weight (averaging 105 kg BW) gilts were studied. On Day 4 of culture, cells (10(5) seeded/well) were challenged with 10(-8), 10(-6), or 10(-4) M ASP or GLU, 10(-6) M [Ala(15)]-human GRF (1-29)-NH2, or the EAA antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (10(-4) M; AP5), alone or in combination with ASP or GLU. In Exp I, all doses of ASP and the 100- and 150-mg doses of GLU increased (P < 0.05) GH secretion when compared with Time 0. However, serum GH concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) after 150 mg/kg of ASP when compared with those after 150 mg/kg of GLU. In Exp II, serum GH concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in HSAi but not in GRFi pigs (averaging 1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml before and 8.2 +/- 0.7, 6.3 +/- 0.5, and 9.2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml by 15 min after ASP, GLU, and NMA, respectively). In Exp III, relative to controls (40 +/- 6 ng/ml), GH increased (P < 0.05) 1.6-, 1.9-, and 1.9-fold and 1.7-, 1.8-, and 2.0-fold after 10(-8), 10(-6), and 10(-4) M ASP and GLU, respectively. The EAA receptor antagonist AP5 failed to prevent the GH response to ASP or GLU, except for 10(-8) M ASP. In summary, ASP is a more potent secretagogue of GH secretion than is GLU in vivo, whereas each is equipotent in vitro. Because no stimulation of GH by EAA was observed in GRFi pigs and no specific dose-response effect of EAA was found in vitro, it may be concluded that modulation by EAA is mediated primarily at the level of the hypothalamus or higher brain centers. C1 HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,STARKVILLE,MS 39762. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RB RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(95)00047-X PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TT724 UT WOS:A1996TT72400006 PM 8625618 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Richards, M Collier, R Hartnell, GF AF Elsasser, TH Richards, M Collier, R Hartnell, GF TI Physiological responses to repeated endotoxin challenge are selectively affected by recombinant bovine somatotropin administration to calves SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PLASMA; PROSTAGLANDINS; SEPSIS; SHEEP; FEVER; SHOCK AB The study determined 1) whether the pretreatment of calves with recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST, sometribove) would alter the change in packed cell volume (PCV), rectal temperature (RT), and the plasma concentrations of Ca2+, Fe2+, glucose (G), urea N (PUN), nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA), albumin (ALB), and blood cell populations after endotoxin challenge (EC) and 2) whether the natural development of physiologic tolerance to repeated EC was affected by bST. Twelve steer beef calves were assigned to either control (-bST) or +bST treatment in equal numbers. Calves were injected intramuscularly with either HCO3--buffered saline or bST (0.1 mg/kg) daily for 5 d. On Day 6, the first EC was administered (Escherichia coli, 055:B5, 0.2 mu g/kg, intravenous bolus in pyrogen-free saline). Saline or bST injections were continued from Day 7 up to the repeat of EC on Day 11. RT and PCV were measured hourly through 12 and 6 hr, respectively. Jugular blood was obtained at 0, +1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hr relative to each EC. bST had no effect on the increase in RT, the hyperglycemic phase of the G response, the biphasic change in Fe2+, or increases in NEFA and PUN. PCV increased after each EC only in -bST. The mean decrease in G during the hypoglycemic phase was less in +bST. Hypocalcemic responses were significantly less in +bST. ALE concentrations decreased after each challenge; the response was unaffected by bST. CD2(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte populations were unaffected by bST and EC. Overall, the magnitude of change in all plasma variables was less after the second EC compared with the first, either in terms of magnitude or duration. The data suggest that the treatment of calves with bST diminishes the magnitude of hypoglycemic, hypocalcemic, and PCV changes after EC and does not compromise fever response, changes in blood cell populations, or tolerance to repeated EC. C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63166. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(95)00048-8 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TT724 UT WOS:A1996TT72400007 PM 8625619 ER PT J AU Jackson, JA Varney, DR Petroski, RJ Powell, RG Bush, LP Siegel, MR Hemken, RW Zavos, PM AF Jackson, JA Varney, DR Petroski, RJ Powell, RG Bush, LP Siegel, MR Hemken, RW Zavos, PM TI Physiological responses of rats fed loline and ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FED EXTRACTS; SEED AB Sixty-three male sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to dietary treatments containing 1) N-formylloline alkaloid (NFL), 2) N-acetylloline alkaloid (NAL), 3) NFL + NAL, 4) NFL + a mixture of ergot alkaloids, 5) NAL + a mixture of ergot alkaloids, 6) NFL + NAL + a mixture of ergot alkaloids, 7) a mixture of ergot alkaloids, 8) endophyte-free tall fescue seed (EFTF), and 9) endophyte-infected tall fescue (EITF) seed (negative control). All diets were prepared by mixing the prepared treatments and Laboratory Chow(R) (1:1 ratio) and were fed at a maximum of 15 g per rat per day. All rats were killed at termination (d 18). Rats fed the EITF consumed less (P < .05) than those fed all other treatments. Feed intake for rats fed the NFL + ergot alkaloids was lower than for those fed NAL, NAL + ergot alkaloids, NFL + NAL + ergot alkaloids, ergot alkaloids, and EFTF treatments. Average daily weight gains (ADG) followed a trend similar to feed intake with some exceptions. Rats fed the NFL + NAL treatments had higher (P < .05) ADG than those fed all other treatments except the NFL + NAL + ergot alkaloid treatment. Rats fed the EITF had lower (P < .05) ADG than those fed all other treatments except those fed ergot alkaloids and NAL + ergot alkaloids. Epididymides, testes, hypothalamus, corpus striatum weights, prolactin and alkaline phosphatase content were not altered by dietary treatments. Results suggest that loline alkaloids may have a slight depressing effect on feed intake. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ANIM SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.3109/01480549609002198 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA UQ005 UT WOS:A1996UQ00500006 PM 8804555 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Simpson, WT AF Liu, JY Simpson, WT TI Mathematical relationship between surface emission and diffusion coefficients SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE concentration of diffusing substance; desorption; diffusion coefficient; diffusion equation; sorption; surface emission coefficient ID WOOD AB This paper analyzes the surface emission coefficient corresponding to any diffusion coefficient expressed as an exponential function of the concentration of diffusing substance in capillary porous solids. Theoretical equations for surface emission coefficient for both sorption and desorption are presented. Procedures to derive the diffusion coefficient and to verify the corresponding surface emission coefficient are made using experimental sorption data of aspen (Populus sp.) wood. It is of interest to note that the theoretical models for diffusion and surface emission coefficients can be established and/or evaluated using the same set of experimental data. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1996 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 677 EP 699 DI 10.1080/07373939608917120 PG 23 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA UD086 UT WOS:A1996UD08600012 ER PT B AU Mattson, WJ Birr, BA Lawrence, RK AF Mattson, WJ Birr, BA Lawrence, RK BE Mattson, WJ Niemela, P Rousi, M TI Staminate flowering and tree phenology affect the performance of the spruce budworm SO DYNAMICS OF FOREST HERBIVORY: QUEST FOR PATTERN AND PRINCIPLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dynamics of Forest Herbivory - Quest for Pattern and Principle CY FEB 02-06, 1994 CL MAUI, HI SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Exptl Stn, Finnish Forest Res Inst RP Mattson, WJ (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA,FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 PY 1996 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Entomology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology; Forestry GA BG78D UT WOS:A1996BG78D00011 ER PT B AU Mattson, WJ Lawrence, RK Birr, BA AF Mattson, WJ Lawrence, RK Birr, BA BE Mattson, WJ Niemela, P Rousi, M TI F1 hybrid spruces inherit the phytophagous insects of their parents SO DYNAMICS OF FOREST HERBIVORY: QUEST FOR PATTERN AND PRINCIPLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dynamics of Forest Herbivory - Quest for Pattern and Principle CY FEB 02-06, 1994 CL MAUI, HI SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Exptl Stn, Finnish Forest Res Inst RP Mattson, WJ (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,PESTICIDE RES CTR B7,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 PY 1996 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Entomology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology; Forestry GA BG78D UT WOS:A1996BG78D00017 ER PT B AU Ferrell, GT Otrosina, WJ AF Ferrell, GT Otrosina, WJ BE Mattson, WJ Niemela, P Rousi, M TI Differential susceptibility of white fir provenances to the fir engraver and its fungal symbiont in northern California SO DYNAMICS OF FOREST HERBIVORY: QUEST FOR PATTERN AND PRINCIPLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dynamics of Forest Herbivory - Quest for Pattern and Principle CY FEB 02-06, 1994 CL MAUI, HI SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Exptl Stn, Finnish Forest Res Inst RP Ferrell, GT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2600 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 PY 1996 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Entomology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology; Forestry GA BG78D UT WOS:A1996BG78D00022 ER PT J AU Lorio, PL AF Lorio, PL BE Mattson, WJ Niemela, P Rousi, M TI Approaches to studying environmental effects on resistance of Pinus taeda L to Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann SO DYNAMICS OF FOREST HERBIVORY: QUEST FOR PATTERN AND PRINCIPLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dynamics of Forest Herbivory - Quest for Pattern and Principle CY FEB 02-06, 1994 CL MAUI, HI SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Exptl Stn, Finnish Forest Res Inst RP Lorio, PL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 PY 1996 BP 200 EP 210 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Entomology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology; Forestry GA BG78D UT WOS:A1996BG78D00024 ER PT B AU Haack, RA AF Haack, RA BE Mattson, WJ Niemela, P Rousi, M TI Will global warming alter paper birch susceptibility to bronze birch borer attack? SO DYNAMICS OF FOREST HERBIVORY: QUEST FOR PATTERN AND PRINCIPLE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dynamics of Forest Herbivory - Quest for Pattern and Principle CY FEB 02-06, 1994 CL MAUI, HI SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Exptl Stn, Finnish Forest Res Inst RP Haack, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 PY 1996 BP 234 EP 247 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Entomology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology; Forestry GA BG78D UT WOS:A1996BG78D00028 ER PT J AU Sharov, AA Colbert, JJ AF Sharov, AA Colbert, JJ TI A model for testing hypotheses of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L, population dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE population dynamics; gypsy moth ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; NORTH-AMERICA; LEPIDOPTERA; FOREST; HOST; DENSITY; SIMULATION; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY AB A model for simulating long-term gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) population dynamics in North America has been developed. Simulated ecological processes include larval dispersal, foliage consumption on different host trees, reproduction, and mortality due to natural enemies (virus, 4 guilds of parasitoids, and 2 guilds of predators). Population dynamics in several forest stands can be simulated taking into account the migration of gypsy moth and its natural enemies. The model fits well to the following observations and data: (1) quasi-periodic outbreaks at approximately 10-year intervals, (2) life-tables in different outbreak phases, (3) increased parasitism in artificially augmented gypsy moth populations, and (4) phase plots of population dynamics. Simulated survival curves are intermediate between those reported by J.S. Elkinton et al. and by J.R. Gould et al. It is shown that low-density gypsy moth populations can be stabilized by immigration from high-density areas without any density-dependent local processes. The model supports the following hypotheses about gypsy moth population dynamics: (1) density fluctuations of small mammal predators is the most probable synchronization factor in gypsy moth populations; (2) the outbreak frequency depends on the proportion of susceptible tree species and the density of small mammal predators; (3) bacterial insecticide can be applied less frequently for gypsy moth control than can a chemical insecticide of the same killing power because the bacterial insecticide spares invertebrate natural enemies; (4) the success of gypsy moth eradication programs depends on the initial gypsy moth population density and on the type of functional response of predators. An alternative form of population bimodality hypothesis is suggested, according to which there are two types of gypsy moth population dynamics: eruptive in susceptible stands and stable in resistant stands. C1 US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, MORGANTOWN, WV 26505 USA. RP VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 84 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 51 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)00110-3 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP693 UT WOS:A1996TP69300004 ER PT J AU Flather, CH Sauer, JR AF Flather, CH Sauer, JR TI Using landscape ecology to test hypotheses about large-scale abundance patterns in migratory birds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern USA forests; forest fragmentation; land-use impacts; landscape ecology, landscape structure; Neotropical migrant birds; regional analysis; spatial and temporal correlations ID FRAGMENTATION; AREA; COMMUNITIES; FORESTS; RANGE AB The hypothesis that Neotropical migrant birds may be undergoing widespread declines due to land use activities on the breeding grounds has been examined primarily by synthesizing results from local studies. Growing concern for the cumulative influence of land use activities on ecological systems has heightened the need for large-scale studies to complement what has been observed at local scales. We investigated possible landscape effects on Neotropical migrant bird populations for the eastern United States by linking two large-scale inventories designed to monitor breeding-bird abundances and land use patterns. The null hypothesis of no relation between landscape structure and Neotropical migrant abundance was tested by correlating measures of landscape structure with bird abundance, while controlling for the geographic distance among samples. Neotropical migrants as a group were more ''sensitive'' to landscape structure than either temperate migrants or permanent residents. Neotropical migrants tended to be more abundant in landscapes with a greater proportion of forest and wetland habitats, fewer edge habitats, larger forest patches, and with forest habitats well dispersed throughout the scene. Permanent residents showed few correlations with landscape structure and temperate migrants were associated with habitat diversity and edge attributes rather than with the amount, size, and dispersion of forest habitats. The association between Neotropical migrant abundance and forest fragmentation differed among physiographic strata, suggesting that landscape context affects observed relations between bird abundance and landscape structure. Finally, associations between landscape structure and temporal trends in Neotropical migrant abundance were counter to those observed in space. Trends in Neotropical migrant abundance were negatively correlated with forest habitats. These results suggest that extrapolation of patterns observed in some landscapes is not likely to hold regionally, and that conservation policies must consider the variation in landscape structure associations observed among different types of bird species and in physiographic strata with varying land use histories. C1 NATL BIOL SERV,PATUXENT ENVIRONM SCI CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP Flather, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 47 TC 166 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 1996 VL 77 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.2307/2265651 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR079 UT WOS:A1996TR07900004 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Gardner, RH AF Gustafson, EJ Gardner, RH TI The effect of landscape heterogeneity on the probability of patch colonization SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; dispersal corridors; habitat fragmentation; individual-based models; landscape ecology; landscape heterogeneity; metapopulations; patch colonization; self-avoiding random walkers ID SATELLITE SPECIES HYPOTHESIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITY; DISPERSAL; MODELS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTS; ORGANISMS AB The effect of landscape heterogeneity on the dispersal of organisms between habitat islands is poorly understood. Preferred pathways for dispersal (i.e., corridors), as well as dispersal barriers, are difficult to identify when the landscape matrix is composed of a complex mixture of land cover types. We developed an individual-based dispersal model to measure immigration and emigration rates between habitat islands within heterogeneous landscapes. Dispersing individuals of a model organism were simulated as self-avoiding random walkers (SAW) traversing a digital land cover map, with each habitat type assigned a priori a probability that the SAW would enter that habitat type. Each individual began the dispersal process on a random site at the edge of a deciduous forest patch and was allowed to move until it reached a different deciduous forest patch. Visualization of the movement patterns across the landscape was achieved by tabulating the frequency of visitation of successful dispersers to each grid cell on the map. The model was used to estimate the probabilities of disperser transfer between patches by varying the a priori probabilities of movement into each habitat type in order to: (1) estimate the effect of changing landscape heterogeneity on the transfer probabilities, and (2) visualize dispersal corridors and barriers as perceived by model organisms operating by specific movement rules and at specific scales. The results show that 89% of the variability in dispersal success can be accounted for by differences in the size and isolation of forest patches, with closer and larger patches having significantly greater exchange of dispersing organisms. However, changes in the heterogeneity of the landscape matrix could significantly enhance or decrease emigration success from an individual patch, depending on the landscape. Changes in emigration success from an individual patch resulting from changes in matrix heterogeneity were not predictable, and transfer rates between patches were not symmetrical due to differences in the proximity of neighboring patches, and differences in the funneling attributes of certain landscape patterns. Visualizations showed that corridors are often diffuse and difficult to identify from structural features of the landscape. A wide range of organisms with differing movement capabilities can be simulated using the approach presented to increase our understanding of how landscape structure affects organism dispersal. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. NR 54 TC 306 Z9 321 U1 8 U2 73 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 1996 VL 77 IS 1 BP 94 EP 107 DI 10.2307/2265659 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR079 UT WOS:A1996TR07900012 ER PT B AU Greenstone, MH AF Greenstone, MH BE Symondson, WOC Liddell, JE TI Serological analysis of arthropod predation: Past, present and future SO ECOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL PESTS: BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES SE SYSTEMATICS ASSOCIATION SPECIAL VOLUMES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Ecology of Agricultural Pests - Biochemical Approaches CY SEP 21-23, 1994 CL UNIV WALES CARDIFF, CARDIFF, WALES SP Systemat Assoc, Biochem Soc, Tech Grp, Univ Wales Cardiff, Sch Molec & Med Biosci, Univ Wales Cardiff, Sch Pure & App Biol HO UNIV WALES CARDIFF AB This history of serological analysis of arthropod predation is reviewed, emphasizing the evolution of technologies for antigen preparation, antibody production, and immunoassay. The first recorded serological gut analyses used crude homogenates as antigen, rabbit antisera as antibody source, and tube precipitin tests as immunoassays. In the succeeding 48 years antigen preparations have been refined to the levels of total homogenate protein, proteins partially purified by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and finally to biochemically characterized purified individual proteins. Antibodies have included absorbed as well as crude rabbit antisera, rabbit immunoglobulin, affinity-purified rabbit and mouse antisera, and mouse monoclonal antibodies. The tube precipitin test has been eclipsed by Ouchterlony and other gel precipitin tests, latex agglutination, passive haemagglutination inhibition, radioimmunoassay, ELISA and immunodot assays. As a result of these efforts we are now able routinely to achieve high sensitivity and ecologically useful levels of specificity, and effective technical approaches have been sifted from among the many choices. It transpires that antigens do not need to be highly purified to yield specific assays, so simple homogenates are used with even higher frequency now than in past decades. ELISA, which is simple once optimized, has become the assay of choice. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 0 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN BN 0-412-62190-8 J9 SYST ASSOC PY 1996 IS 53 BP 265 EP 300 PG 36 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BG89S UT WOS:A1996BG89S00012 ER PT B AU Hagler, JR Naranjo, SE AF Hagler, JR Naranjo, SE BE Symondson, WOC Liddell, JE TI Using gut content immunoassays to evaluate predaceous biological control agents: A case study SO ECOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL PESTS: BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES SE SYSTEMATICS ASSOCIATION SPECIAL VOLUMES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Ecology of Agricultural Pests - Biochemical Approaches CY SEP 21-23, 1994 CL UNIV WALES CARDIFF, CARDIFF, WALES SP Systemat Assoc, Biochem Soc, Tech Grp, Univ Wales Cardiff, Sch Molec & Med Biosci, Univ Wales Cardiff, Sch Pure & App Biol HO UNIV WALES CARDIFF AB Pest-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) can be used to identify key predaceous biological control agents. A MAb library was used to (i) identify key indigenous predators of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and (ii) monitor the efficacy of an augmentative predator release targeted for these two pests. The gut contents of over 10000 individual predators indigenous to Arizona cotton fields were examined for the presence of whitefly and pink bollworm egg antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Five predator species with frequent positive assays for whitefly proteins were (% positive): Collops vittatus (Say) (55%), Geocoris spp. nymphs (39%). Orius tristicolor (White) (38%) and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (33%). The most frequent pink bollworm egg predator was Lygus hesperus Knight (adults 30%, nymphs 20%). L. hesperus was also the predator species with the highest percentage of individuals scoring positive for both pest egg antigens (12%). In a separate experiment, we compared the efficacy of commercially reared Orius insidiosus (Say) against indigenous populations of O. tristicolor. The commercially reared predators were released into field cages, recaptured 36 hours later and examined by ELISA for the presence of whitefly and pink bollworm egg antigens. Some 4% of the released O. insidiosus and 26% of the indigenous O. tristicolor had whitefly egg antigen in their guts. Pink bollworm egg antigen was found in the guts of 8% of the O. insidiosus and 5% of the O. tristicolor. The immunologically based techniques described in this review can expedite the search for key indigenous predator species and also serve as a tool for monitoring the efficacy of augmentative biological control agents. The advantages and limitations of our techniques are discussed. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN BN 0-412-62190-8 J9 SYST ASSOC PY 1996 IS 53 BP 383 EP 399 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BG89S UT WOS:A1996BG89S00017 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Lee, NS AF Pemberton, RW Lee, NS TI Wild food plants in South Korea; Market presence, new crops, and exports to the United States SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE South Korea; wild food plants; gathering; market reduce; food exports; foodways; food culture AB South Korean food markets were examined for the presence of wild-gathered food plants between 1989 and 1995. One hundred twelve species belonging to 83 genera and 40 families were found. Plants used as leafy vegetables were the most common (73.2%), followed by fruits (22.3%), root vegetables (6.2%) and flower foods (4.4%). Nearly half of these plant species belonged to three families: Asteraceae (29) Liliaceae (10) and Apiaceae (7). As of 1992, 19 of these wild foods were also being grown as new crops, a development that involved more than 25 000 Sawn households. Ar least eleven of these wild food plants were exported to the United States in 1994, where they are sold by Korean food markets. C1 EWHA WOMANS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SEOUL 120750,SOUTH KOREA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,AQUAT PLANT MANAGEMENT LAB,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 50 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1007/BF02862113 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UB569 UT WOS:A1996UB56900005 ER PT J AU Russell, WL AF Russell, WL BE Ffolliott, PF DeBano, LF Baker, MB Gottfried, GJ SolisGarza, G Edminster, CB Neary, DG Allen, LS Hamre, RH TI Management of fire, laws and regulations: Walking the picket fence SO EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MADREAN PROVINCE ECOSYSTEMS - A SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Univ Sonora, Wildlife Soc, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, SW Reg, Coronado Natl F, orest AB Wildland fire managers walk a very difficult line in application of the science and art of fire management. With hundreds of laws, regulations, and policies to work within, the managers decisions are on the sharp point of criticism from persons desiring no management actions to those desiring to be totally protected from fire. Managers must develop the ability to work with ambiguity and a sense of personal ''right'' in their actions in order to survive in todays constantly changing world. RP Russell, WL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SW REG OFF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 289 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BH30P UT WOS:A1996BH30P00006 ER PT B AU Robinett, D Barker, S AF Robinett, D Barker, S BE Ffolliott, PF DeBano, LF Baker, MB Gottfried, GJ SolisGarza, G Edminster, CB Neary, DG Allen, LS Hamre, RH TI Fire effects on Sonoran grasslands SO EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MADREAN PROVINCE ECOSYSTEMS - A SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Univ Sonora, Wildlife Soc, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, SW Reg, Coronado Natl F, orest AB Research on good-condition grasslands at Fort Huachuca, in Chochise County, Arizona, suggests that allowing fires to burn at ''natural'' intervals of 5 to 10 years does not diminish resource value or productivity. In fact, such fires may help keep ungrazed grasslands vigorous and healthy. RP Robinett, D (reprint author), USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 289 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BH30P UT WOS:A1996BH30P00009 ER PT J AU Kruse, WH Gottfried, GJ Bennett, DA MataManqueros, H AF Kruse, WH Gottfried, GJ Bennett, DA MataManqueros, H BE Ffolliott, PF DeBano, LF Baker, MB Gottfried, GJ SolisGarza, G Edminster, CB Neary, DG Allen, LS Hamre, RH TI The role of fire in Madrean encinal oak and ponyon-juniper woodland development SO EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MADREAN PROVINCE ECOSYSTEMS - A SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Univ Sonora, Wildlife Soc, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, SW Reg, Coronado Natl F, orest AB Fire has played an important role in the ecology of the oak and pinyon-juniper woodlands of the Madrean Archipelago. However, the nature of fire has changed since intensive European-American settlement at the end of the 19th century, altering the characteristics of the woodlands. This paper reviews the historical role of fire in the encinal and pinyon-juniper woodlands, comparing what is understood about the historical vegetation structure, how fire and/or the lack of fire changed these two ecosystems, and especially how current conditions compare with the historical vegetation structures. It examines the current use of fire in land management and the possibility of further reintroduction of fire into the ecosystems as a way of improving ecosystem management. Knowledge gaps and areas of additional research are identified. RP Kruse, WH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 289 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BH30P UT WOS:A1996BH30P00013 ER PT B AU Rinne, JN Neary, DG AF Rinne, JN Neary, DG BE Ffolliott, PF DeBano, LF Baker, MB Gottfried, GJ SolisGarza, G Edminster, CB Neary, DG Allen, LS Hamre, RH TI Fire effects on aquatic habitats and biota in Madrean-type ecosystems: Southwestern United States SO EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MADREAN PROVINCE ECOSYSTEMS - A SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Univ Sonora, Wildlife Soc, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, SW Reg, Coronado Natl F, orest AB Intense wildfires effectively remove vegetation, degrade watershed condition, and result in altered stream hydrographs and increased sediment input to streams. Case histories from five headwater streams in Arizona and New Mexico show effects of wildfire on aquatic habitats, fishes, and their food supply may be marked and long-lasting. Recent (1989-90) wildfires effectively extirpated two populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), one of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the type locality population of the endangered Gila trout, (O. gilae). Aquatic macroinvertebrates densities declined to zero within 1 month after the fire, and diversities dropped 25 to 70% a year later. Trout populations re-introduced 1 year after the fire declined 85 to 97% in a two-year period. Highly variable streamflow and fluctuations in Gila trout populations in one stream in southwestern New Mexico suggest the effects of wildfire on stream habitats and biota may be long lasting. Forest Service management and research must continue to cooperate in examining the effects of not only wildfire but prescribed fire on aquatic habitats and biota within southwestern riparian areas. RP Rinne, JN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,SW FOREST SCI COMPLEX,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 289 BP 135 EP 145 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BH30P UT WOS:A1996BH30P00017 ER PT B AU Ganey, JL Block, WM Boucher, PF AF Ganey, JL Block, WM Boucher, PF BE Ffolliott, PF DeBano, LF Baker, MB Gottfried, GJ SolisGarza, G Edminster, CB Neary, DG Allen, LS Hamre, RH TI Effects of fire on birds in Madrean forests and woodlands SO EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MADREAN PROVINCE ECOSYSTEMS - A SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Univ Sonora, Wildlife Soc, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, SW Reg, Coronado Natl F, orest AB Fire usually affects birds indirectly, by altering habitat or food resources. Bird response may be positive or negative, depending on life-history characteristics and fire extent, intensity, and duration. Disruption of natural fire regimes may have far-reaching consequences for these birds and their habitat. The effects of fire on forest birds should be studied experimentally, at both species and community levels, in conjunction with efforts to restore fire as a natural process in Madrean forests. The effects of fire on important habitat components (e.g., snags, logs, and oaks) should be monitored, and the effects of salvage logging on post-fire bird communities should be carefully evaluated. RP Ganey, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 289 BP 146 EP 154 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BH30P UT WOS:A1996BH30P00018 ER PT J AU Sackett, SS Haase, SM Harrington, MG AF Sackett, SS Haase, SM Harrington, MG BE Ffolliott, PF DeBano, LF Baker, MB Gottfried, GJ SolisGarza, G Edminster, CB Neary, DG Allen, LS Hamre, RH TI Prescribed burning in Southwestern ponderosa pine SO EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MADREAN PROVINCE ECOSYSTEMS - A SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Univ Sonora, Wildlife Soc, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, SW Reg, Coronado Natl F, orest AB Prescribed burning is an effective way of restoring the fire process to ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) ecosystems of the Southwest. If used judiciously, fire can provide valuable effects for hazard reduction, natural regeneration, thinning, vegetation revitalization, and in general, better forest health. Relatively short burning intervals are required to maintain the benefits of fire. RP Sackett, SS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,USDA,FOREST FIRE LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 289 BP 178 EP 186 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BH30P UT WOS:A1996BH30P00023 ER PT B AU Sackett, SS Haase, SM AF Sackett, SS Haase, SM BE Ffolliott, PF DeBano, LF Baker, MB Gottfried, GJ SolisGarza, G Edminster, CB Neary, DG Allen, LS Hamre, RH TI Fuel loadings in Southwestern ecosystems of the United States SO EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MADREAN PROVINCE ECOSYSTEMS - A SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Univ Sonora, Wildlife Soc, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, SW Reg, Coronado Natl F, orest AB Natural forest fuel loadings cause extreme fire behavior during dry, windy weather experienced during most fire seasons in the Southwest. Fire severity is also exacerbated from burning heavy fuels, including heavy humus layers on the forest floor. Ponderosa pine and mixed conifer stands possess more than 21.7 and 44.1 tons per acre of total forest floor fuel, respectively, in Southwestern forest ecosystems. RP Sackett, SS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FOREST FIRE LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 289 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BH30P UT WOS:A1996BH30P00024 ER PT J AU Potter, DU Fox, DG AF Potter, DU Fox, DG BE Ffolliott, PF DeBano, LF Baker, MB Gottfried, GJ SolisGarza, G Edminster, CB Neary, DG Allen, LS Hamre, RH TI Clean air and healthy ecosystems: Managing emissions from fires SO EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MADREAN PROVINCE ECOSYSTEMS - A SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Univ Sonora, Wildlife Soc, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, SW Reg, Coronado Natl F, orest AB After nearly a century of avid fire suppression, land managers are substantially increasing prescribed burning to meet ecosystem management objectives. As scientists and managers we need to accurately quantify the capacity of airsheds to assimilate smoke and related atmospheric pollutants from wildfire and prescribed fire within acceptable limits for air quality. Conversely, we need to quantify increases in ecosystem health that result from prescribed fire, as well as the ecological cost of fire suppression. Resolutions for prescribed burning programs to protect both soil, water and air quality and foster healthy ecosystems are presented. This includes a discussion of revised models and current efforts to quantify how prescribed fire can be used to offset wildfire emissions. RP Potter, DU (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,ALBUQUERQUE,NM, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 289 BP 205 EP 216 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BH30P UT WOS:A1996BH30P00027 ER PT J AU Strickland, GT Trivedi, L Watkins, S Clothier, M Grant, J Morgan, J Schmidtman, E Burkot, T AF Strickland, GT Trivedi, L Watkins, S Clothier, M Grant, J Morgan, J Schmidtman, E Burkot, T TI Cluster of Lyme disease cases at a summer camp in Kent County, Maryland SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. KENT CTY HLTH DEPT,CHESTERTOWN,MD. USDA,ANIM RES STN,LARAMIE,WY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. RP Strickland, GT (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 FU AHRQ HHS [5 RO1 HS07813] NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 2 IS 1 BP 44 EP 46 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TX902 UT WOS:A1996TX90200005 PM 8903195 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI Crude oil price volatility and unemployment in the United States SO ENERGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES REGRESSION; COINTEGRATION TECHNIQUES; LONG-RUN; MACROECONOMY; INFLATION; DEMAND; TESTS; ROOT AB This study focuses on the issue of whether fluctuations in the price of crude oil have affected employment and the rate of unemployment in the U.S. After reviewing previous assessments of the issue, the existence of an empirical relationship between the rate of unemployment and crude oil price volatility is established using tests for cointegration. Subsequently, the nature of the relationship is estimated with results suggesting that at least three full years are required before measurable impacts of a percentage change in the real price of crude oil on the change in unemployment are exhausted. Finally, the structural stability of the functional relationship between change in unemployment and volatility of the price of crude oil and the percentage change in gross national product is examined. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JAN PY 1996 VL 21 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(95)00086-0 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA TM308 UT WOS:A1996TM30800005 ER PT B AU Saliklis, EP AF Saliklis, EP BE Lin, YK Su, TC TI Viscoelastic modeling of paper SO ENGINEERING MECHANICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Engineering Mechanics Conference CY MAY 19-22, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Appl Stochast Res, Florida Atlantic Univ Ctr C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0172-1 PY 1996 BP 246 EP 249 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG42L UT WOS:A1996BG42L00060 ER PT S AU Taylor, F AF Taylor, F BE Malcata, FX TI Lipase membrane reactor for continuous hydrolysis of tallow SO ENGINEERING OF/WITH LIPASES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Engineering of/with Lipases CY MAY 22-JUN 02, 1995 CL POVOA DE VARZIM, PORTUGAL SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-4003-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 317 BP 455 EP 471 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BF32W UT WOS:A1996BF32W00029 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Lewis, TM AF Horton, DR Lewis, TM TI Tethered flight activity of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola: Seasonal, host, and morphotypic effects SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE pear psylla; flight; dispersal; Psyllidae; seasonal dimorphism ID REGIONAL RESISTANCE; BEMISIA-TABACI; HOMOPTERA; POLYMORPHISM; DISPERSAL; CICADELLIDAE; POPULATIONS; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; ORCHARDS AB Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Forster (Homoptera: Psyllidae), was flown in the laboratory to test hypotheses suggested by field observations. Flight durations of the same insects flown on two different days were highly correlated, suggesting that there were biological differences among insects in flight tendencies. Flight durations were similar between summerform and winterform morphotypes. Flight frequencies and durations increased between September and November collections of winterforms, results that are consistent with field observations. Long-duration (60+ min) flights were three to four times as frequent in winterforms restricted to senescing pear foliage compared to insects provided access to pear seedlings. Winterforms collected during the fall flight period from a pear orchard and an adjacent apple orchard (an overwintering habitat) showed similar flight durations. There was no correlation between flight durations and any of five body and wing measurements; body size of winterforms increased between September and November. It has been proposed elsewhere that much of the fall movement into adjacent non-pear habitats by winterforms is due to short duration non-migratory flights rather than to a true migratory flight. The lack of differences between apple- and pear-collected winterforms may be consistent with this hypothesis. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 78 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TU208 UT WOS:A1996TU20800005 ER PT J AU Bentz, JA Reeves, J Barbosa, P Francis, B AF Bentz, JA Reeves, J Barbosa, P Francis, B TI The effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied to Euphorbia pulcherrima on the parasitization of Bemisia argentifolii by the parasitoid Encarsia formosa SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; Encarsia formosa; poinsettia; parasitoids; nitrogen; tri-trophic level interactions ID COTESIA-CONGREGATA; GAHAN HYMENOPTERA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; APHELINIDAE; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB More wasps of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were found on fertilized poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima (Willd.) (Euphorbiaceae), than on non-fertilized plants. Parasitization of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) by E. formosa was higher on plants treated with calcium nitrate than with ammonium nitrate or on control plants. In a no-choice test, host feeding by E. formosa was higher when hosts were on fertilized plants than when hosts were on control plants. The nitrogen content of whitefly pupae reared on plants treated with ammonium nitrate was higher than those on calcium nitrate-treated plants. Variability in the parasitization of B. argentifolii by E. formosa appears to be due to host plant-mediated differences in the whiteflies. E. formosa may be influenced by the nutritional suitability of the host, which influences whether wasps continue to oviposit, feed, or disperse. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Bentz, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BARC EAST,BLDG 470,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 78 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TU208 UT WOS:A1996TU20800011 ER PT J AU Purcell, MF Messing, RH AF Purcell, MF Messing, RH TI Ripeness effects of three vegetable crops on abundance of augmentatively released Psyttalia fletcheri (Hym: Braconidae): Improved sampling and release methods SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE Psyttalia fletcheri; melon fly; augmentative release; biological control; sampling; trapping ID TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLIES; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; PARASITOIDS; HYMENOPTERA; FLY; DIPTERA AB Studies were done to determine the effect of 4 fruit ripeness levels on the abundance of Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri), a parasitoid of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett). In addition, an improved trapping method was developed for monitoring mass-released adult parasitoids in the field. A total of 420,000 adult P. fletcheri were released over a period of 15 weeks, in a 0.16 ha experimental field plot containing cucumber, zucchini and tomato in Kauai, HI. We recovered significantly more P. fletcheri from rotting fruits of all fruit types than from immature, commercial grade or oversized fruits. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the number of P. fletcheri and B. cucurbitae recovered from rotting fruits. Average parasitism in rotting tomato, zucchini and cucumber was 5, 19 and 36% respectively. Yellow pan traps were as effective as sticky sphere traps for monitoring P. fletcheri, indicating that parasitoids were foraging close to the ground where rotting fruits occurred. The pan traps were much easier to use, less expensive and required less set up time. Recovery of parasitoids from both fruit collections and pan traps indicated that P. fletcheri was least abundant in tomato. Both male and female parasitoids exhibited a weakly aggregated distribution in each crop. We discuss modified sampling and release methods for population estimation and augmentative release studies of P. fletcheri. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ENTOMOL,KAUAI RES CTR,KAPAA,HI 96746. RP Purcell, MF (reprint author), ARS,USDA,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1007/BF02893297 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ972 UT WOS:A1996WZ97200011 ER PT J AU Duan, JJ Purcell, MF Messing, H AF Duan, JJ Purcell, MF Messing, H TI Parasitoids of non-target tephritid flies in Hawaii: Implications for biological control of fruit fly pests SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; parasitoids; biological control; non-targets; insect conservation ID DIPTERA AB We surveyed the parasitoid complex associated with four non-pest tephritid flies in Hawaii, Procecidochares alani Steyskal (on the Island of Hawaii), and Eutreta xanthochaeta Aldrich, Phaeogramma lortnocoibon Asquith, and Trupanea dubautiae (Byran) (on the island of Kauai). The former two tephritids are deliberately introduced biological control agents of weeds; and the latter two are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Ten species of hymenopterous parasitoids in six families were recovered from these four non-pest tephritids. Among these species of parasitoids, six were inadvertently introduced to Hawaii, including Eurytoma tephritidis Fullaway (Eurytomidae), Bracon terryi (Bridwell) (Braconidae), Habrocytus elevatus (Walker) (Pteromalidae), Euderus metallicus (Ashmead) (Eulophidae), Torymus advenus (Osten Sacken) (Torymidae), and Eupelmus allynii (French) (Eupelmidae); and three were purposely introduced to Hawaii for classical biological control of economically important pests, including Eupelmus cushmani (Crawford), Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron), (Braconidae), and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead). The relative abundance of parasitoid species and percent parasitism varied with the tephritid hosts. Our findings indicate that future development and implementation of biological control programs against frugivorous tephritids or other pests should consider the potential impact of some of the parasitoids on deliberately-introduced weed control agents. Before we can fully assess the potential impacts of some of the purposely-introduced parasitoids on non-target tephritids, however, effects of the many vagrant parasitoids associated with the non-targets should be thoroughly investigated. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96742. RP Duan, JJ (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,KAUAI AGR RES CTR,7370-A KUAMOO RD,KAUAI,HI 96746, USA. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1996 VL 41 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1007/BF02764250 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XK630 UT WOS:A1996XK63000010 ER PT J AU Leppla, NC King, EG AF Leppla, NC King, EG TI The role of parasitoid and predator production in technology transfer of field crop biological control SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Organization-for-Biological-Control/OILB Montpellier 1996 Conference on Technology Transfer in Biological Control - From Research to Practice CY 1996 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Int Org Biol Control, OILB DE biological control; IPM; mass production; parasitoid; predator ID CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS HYMENOPTERA; TRICHOGRAMMA; PTEROMALIDAE; CONSTRAINTS; FUTURE AB The immediate goals for improving natural enemy production are to reduce costs, increase efficacy and provide additional species for pest management. This paper describes expanding markets for natural enemies that are or could be produced commercially, gives operational and experimental examples of parasitoid and predator production for use in field crop biological control, defines some of the obstacles and makes recommendations for producing and using natural enemies. Additionally, it provides recent published guidance for implementing biological control in integrated pest management. C1 USDA, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, NATL BIOL CONTROL INST, RIVERDALE, MD 20737 USA. USDA ARS, SUBTROP AGR RES LAB, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. NR 111 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAVOISIER PI CACHAN PA 14, RUE DE PROVIGNY, 94236 CACHAN, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1996 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1007/BF02765789 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XN470 UT WOS:A1996XN47000004 ER PT B AU Yates, SR AF Yates, SR BE DelRe, AAM Capri, E Evans, SP Trevisan, M TI Pesticide volatilization from agricultural fields: Mechanisms, measurement and modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF XENOBIOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT X Symposium on Pesticide Chemistry - The Environmental Fate of Xenobiotics CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 1996 CL CASTELNUOVO FOGLIANI, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, CNR GNDCI, AGROFARMA, Banca Piacenza, Bayer, Catiere Burgo, Chimiberg, Ciba Geigy, Cyanamid, DowElanco Italia, Fdn Cassa Risparmio Piacenza, Monsanto Italia, Rohm & Haas Italia, Sandoz Agro DE pesticide; volatilization; measurements; mechanism; modeling C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LA GOLIARDICA PAVESE PI 27100 PAVIA PA VIALE TARAMELLI 18, 27100 PAVIA, ITALY BN 88-7830-231-7 PY 1996 BP 67 EP 82 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BG54Z UT WOS:A1996BG54Z00005 ER PT S AU Skoczenski, BA Fan, TS Matt, JJ Pitts, JT Zettler, JL AF Skoczenski, BA Fan, TS Matt, JJ Pitts, JT Zettler, JL BE VanEmon, JM Gerlach, CL Johnson, JC TI Validation of an immunoassay for screening on grain chlorpyrifos-methyl residues on grain SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL METHODS: PERSPECTIVES AND APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Immunochemical Methods - Perspectives and Applications, at the National Immunochemistry Summit IV CY AUG 02-03, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA AB A competitive,enzyme labeled, heterogeneous immunoassay (EnviroGard Chlorpyrifos-methyl Screening Kit) was validated for the rapid detection of residues of the post-harvest insecticide chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM). Grain samples were treated with CPM in a manner simulating commercial field applications and were analyzed by the immunoassay and simultaneously by a PAM II instrumental method. Analysis was repeated at t = 30 days after storage of the grain under field conditions. The initial phase was performed in the developer's lab (ImmunoSystems, Inc.). This was duplicated at the United States Department of Agriculture Stored-Product Insects Research and Development Laboratory, Savannah, GA. Field trials were performed by individuals selected to represent the typical user. Recently, the U. S. EPA, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Analytical Chemistry Branch independently validated the method. C1 MILLIPORE CORP,BEDFORD,MA 01730. GUSTAFSON INC,PLANO,TX 75093. USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3454-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 646 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BG68A UT WOS:A1996BG68A00015 ER PT S AU Ellis, RL AF Ellis, RL BE VanEmon, JM Gerlach, CL Johnson, JC TI Screening tests in a changing environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL METHODS: PERSPECTIVES AND APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Immunochemical Methods - Perspectives and Applications, at the National Immunochemistry Summit IV CY AUG 02-03, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA AB Practical screening tests for a variety of pesticides, environmental contaminants and veterinary drugs using immunochemistry and other technologies have been a mainstay of, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) methods development program for several years, primarily with the Agriculture Research Service (ARS) of the Deparment of Agriculture. Several tests have been developed by ARS over the past decade for a variety of applications for antibiotics and antimicrobials, internal cooking temperature for cooked beef products, species identification, trichina detection, beta-agonist detection and pathogen identification. As the regulatory climate is redefined, the role of screening tests is expected to change, placing more emphasis on ready-to-use, effective and efficient test systems. Major changes influencing food safety inspection programs include limited Congressional funding for FSIS methods development, new environmental requirements, a new FSIS proposal on Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system as the new basis of its inspection program, and a top-to-bottom review on how the FSIS will carry out its food safety mandate. Although the HACCP proposal is focused on food microbiology issues, the concept will also apply to residue control. Producers and establishments will be taking more responsibility for proper use of agrichemicals and good agricultural practices to meet the food safety requirements. FSIS will focus on how to verify compliance with the individual HACCP plans and design changes in its National Residue Program. One option is new applications of cost effective, rapid test procedures that can be easily used for field, abattoir (slaughterplant), and laboratory testing. RP Ellis, RL (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV CHEM,300 12TH ST SW,ROOM 603,COTTON ANNEX,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3454-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 646 BP 227 EP 239 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BG68A UT WOS:A1996BG68A00020 ER PT B AU Holtje, K AF Holtje, K BE Dolan, JD Riegel, A TI Defining Ecosystem Management SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Issues Affecting the Forestry and Forest Products Industries in the Eastern United-States CY AUG 24-26, 1994 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Forest Prod Soc, Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Resources, De, pt Wood Sci & Forest Prod, USDA Forest Serv NE Forest Exptl Stn, USDA Forest Serv Region 8 Cooperat Forestry C1 US FOREST SERV EASTERN REG,ECOSYST MANAGEMENT TEAM,USDA,MILWAUKEE,WI 53203. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 219 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65K UT WOS:A1996BF65K00006 ER PT J AU Thomas, JW AF Thomas, JW BE Dolan, JD Riegel, A TI The USDA Forest Service perspective on environmental forestry issues in the eastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Issues Affecting the Forestry and Forest Products Industries in the Eastern United-States CY AUG 24-26, 1994 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Forest Prod Soc, Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Resources, De, pt Wood Sci & Forest Prod, USDA Forest Serv NE Forest Exptl Stn, USDA Forest Serv Region 8 Cooperat Forestry C1 US FOREST SERV,RADNOR,PA 19087. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 219 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65K UT WOS:A1996BF65K00007 ER PT J AU Snellgrove, TA AF Snellgrove, TA BE Dolan, JD Riegel, A TI Environmental issues for forest products: What is the USDA Forest Service doing? SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Issues Affecting the Forestry and Forest Products Industries in the Eastern United-States CY AUG 24-26, 1994 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Forest Prod Soc, Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Resources, De, pt Wood Sci & Forest Prod, USDA Forest Serv NE Forest Exptl Stn, USDA Forest Serv Region 8 Cooperat Forestry C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 219 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65K UT WOS:A1996BF65K00013 ER PT J AU Manning, G AF Manning, G BE Dolan, JD Riegel, A TI Conference summary .2. SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Issues Affecting the Forestry and Forest Products Industries in the Eastern United-States CY AUG 24-26, 1994 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Forest Prod Soc, Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Resources, De, pt Wood Sci & Forest Prod, USDA Forest Serv NE Forest Exptl Stn, USDA Forest Serv Region 8 Cooperat Forestry C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,RADNOR,PA 19087. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 219 BP 104 EP 106 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65K UT WOS:A1996BF65K00018 ER PT J AU Engle, CA AF Engle, CA BE Dolan, JD Riegel, A TI Factors influencing material substitution in the United States pallet industry SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Issues Affecting the Forestry and Forest Products Industries in the Eastern United-States CY AUG 24-26, 1994 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Forest Prod Soc, Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Resources, De, pt Wood Sci & Forest Prod, USDA Forest Serv NE Forest Exptl Stn, USDA Forest Serv Region 8 Cooperat Forestry C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,PRINCETON,WV. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 219 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF65K UT WOS:A1996BF65K00022 ER PT J AU Bailey, RG AF Bailey, RG TI Multi-scale ecosystem analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Global to Local - Ecological Land Classification Conference CY AUG 14-17, 1994 CL THUNDER BAY, CA SP Canadian Forest Serv, ELC Steering Comm AB As a precursor to management, ecosystems of different sizes need to be mapped at different scales. The key to developing criteria for subdividing land into ecosystems is understanding the factors that control ecosystem size at various scales in a hierarchy. The relationships between an ecosystem at one scale and ecosystems at smaller or larger scales must be examined, in order to predict the effects of management. Multi-scale mapping is helpful in analyzing relationships of this type. RP Bailey, RG (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,ECOSYST MANAGEMENT STAFF,NATL HQ,3825 E MULBERRY ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1007/BF00396132 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TZ519 UT WOS:A1996TZ51900005 PM 24197993 ER PT J AU Smith, ML Carpenter, C AF Smith, ML Carpenter, C TI Application of the USDA forest service national hierarchical framework of ecological units at the sub-regional level: The New England New York example SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Global to Local - Ecological Land Classification Conference CY AUG 14-17, 1994 CL THUNDER BAY, CA SP Canadian Forest Serv, ELC Steering Comm ID CLASSIFICATION AB Ecological regionalization according to the USDA Forest Service National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units was undertaken for the New England-New York region. A top-down, map-overlay approach was used to map sections and subsections. Where available, landscape level units (LTAs) were aggregated and evaluated to supplement the subsection mapping. A regional collaborative effort was undertaken to counterbalance the shortfalls of a purely mechanistic approach. As a result of this process, 17 section and 58 draft subsection units were delineated for the New England-New York region. The sub-regional units developed reflect the strong correspondence among climate, topography and geography at this scale. Geologic factors, due to their influence on landform and mineral availability, are also reflected in the ecological unit boundaries. Efforts to apply the multifactor model at the sub-regional level have been hampered by the lack of scale appropriate information on a number of factors particularly meso-scale climate and potential natural community composition and distribution. Further research and investigation are required before these criterion are adequately met. RP Smith, ML (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1-3 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1007/BF00396144 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TZ519 UT WOS:A1996TZ51900017 PM 24198005 ER PT J AU McNab, WH AF McNab, WH TI Classification of local- and landscape-scale ecological types in the southern Appalachian Mountains SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Global to Local - Ecological Land Classification Conference CY AUG 14-17, 1994 CL THUNDER BAY, CA SP Canadian Forest Serv, ELC Steering Comm AB Five local ecological types based on vegetative communities and two landscape types based on groups of communities, were identified by integrating landform, soil, and vegetation components using multivariate techniques. Elevation and several topographic and soil variables were highly correlated with types of both scales. Landscape ecological types based only on landform and soil variables without vegetation did not correspond with types developed using vegetation. Models developed from these relationships could allow classification and mapping of extensive areas using geographic information systems. RP McNab, WH (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,1577 BREVARD RD,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 229 DI 10.1007/BF00396146 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TZ519 UT WOS:A1996TZ51900019 PM 24198007 ER PT J AU Rudorff, BFT Mulchi, CL Lee, EH Rowland, R Pausch, R AF Rudorff, BFT Mulchi, CL Lee, EH Rowland, R Pausch, R TI Effects of enhanced O-3 and CO2 enrichment on plant characteristics in wheat and corn SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; TOP FIELD CHAMBERS; RED WINTER-WHEAT; CHRONIC OZONE; GRAIN QUALITY; SPRING WHEAT; CROP YIELD; DRY-MATTER AB The effects of CO2 enrichment and O-3 induced stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were studied in field experiments using open-top chambers to simulate the atmospheric concentrations of these two gases that are predicted to occur during the coming century. The experiments were conducted at Beltsville, MD, during 1991 (wheat and corn) and 1992 (wheat). Crops were grown under char coal filtered (CF) air or ambient air +40 nl liter(-1) O-3 (7 h per day, 5 days per week) having ambient CO2 concentration (350 mu l liter(-1) CO2) or +150 mu l liter(-1) CO2 (12 h per day). Averaged over O-3 treatments, the CO2-enriched environment had a positive effect on wheat grain yield (26% in 1991 and 15% in 1992) and dry biomass (15% in 1991 and 9% in 1992). Averaged over CO2 treatments, high O-3 exposure had a negative impact on wheat grain yield (-15% in 1991 and -11% in 1992) and drill biomass (-11% in 1991 and -9% in 1992). Averaged over CO2 treatments, high O-3 exposure decreased corn grain yield by 9%. No significant interactive effects were observed for either crop. The results indicated that CO2 enrichment had a beneficial effect in wheat (C-3 crop) but not in corn (C-4 crop). It is likely that the O-3-induced stress will be diminished under increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations; however, maximal benefits in crop production in wheat in response to CO2 enrichment will not be materialized under concomitant increases in tropospheric O-3 concentration. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NATL INST SPACE RES,REMOTE SENSING DIV,BR-12201 S JOSE CAMPOS,SP,BRAZIL. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 60 TC 32 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 94 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00050-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WD022 UT WOS:A1996WD02200007 PM 15093517 ER PT J AU Krywult, M Karolak, A Bytnerowicz, A AF Krywult, M Karolak, A Bytnerowicz, A TI Nitrate reductase activity as an indicator of ponderosa pine response to atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the San Bernardino Mountains SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE nitrate reductase activity; nitrogen deposition; nitrogen fixation ID DRY DEPOSITION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SURROGATE SURFACES; HIGHER-PLANTS; FOREST; SATURATION; CHEMISTRY; SEEDLINGS; INDUCTION; NEEDLES AB Determinations of nitrate reductase (NR) activity in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) needles were performed during summer 1994 in two areas (consisting of six different sites) with different nitrogen (N) deposition levels in the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California. Nitrate reductase activity was used as an integrative indicator of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to pine trees (direct uptake of N species from the atmosphere and N transported from the soil). Deposition of nitrate (NO3-) to pine branches was measured in order to determine dry atmospheric inputs of the oxidized N species to tree foliage. High NR activity was detected in all of the experimental sites. Activity, of the enzyme was significantly higher at the locations characterized by higher NO3- deposition to branches-slight positive correlation between branch deposited NO3- and NR activity was found. However, high variability of NR in time and between the experimental sites discredit the NR assay as a reliable indicator of N deposition for ponderosa pine in the field conditions. This could be caused by substantial interference from other abiotic and biotic factors with tropospheric ozone as probably the most important one. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 USDA,US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 93 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(96)00033-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VM822 UT WOS:A1996VM82200005 PM 15091353 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, AD TI Wastewater discharges may be most hazardous to fish during winter SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE aquatic hazard assessment; fish mortality; fish nutrition; environmental stressors; water pollution; aquatic contaminants; ecological risk assessment ID ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; FAT-CONTENT; STRESS; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB Winter Stress Syndrome (WSS) is a condition of severe lipid depletion in fish brought on by external stressors in combination with normal reductions in feeding and activity during cold weather. Fish can develop this syndrome in response to chemical stressors such as water pollutants, or biological stressors such as parasites. Substantial mortality can result, potentially changing year-class strength and population structure of the affected species, and altering community-level 'ecological interactions. Aquatic contaminants should be evaluated in the context of seasonal metabolic changes that normally occur in test organisms. WSS could be an important, but as yet unquantified, cause of mortality in many circumstances. Wastewater discharges may pose a greater toxic threat to fish during winter than at other times of the year. A comprehensive protocol for aquatic hazard assessment should include testing for WSS. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, US FOREST SERV, SO RES STN, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 93 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(96)00025-5 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VM822 UT WOS:A1996VM82200008 PM 15091356 ER PT J AU Nojd, P Reams, GA AF Nojd, P Reams, GA TI Growth variation of Scots pine across a pollution gradient on the Kola Peninsula, Russia SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Scots pine; forest growth; air pollution; time series analysis; climate-growth models ID FORESTRY; CLIMATE AB Decadal exposure to emissions from a non-ferrous smelter has damaged the forest ecosystems surrounding the city of Monchegorsk located on the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia. We use the methods of tree-ring analysis to study the areal extent and timing of recent growth reductions of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the region surrounding the smelter in Monchegorsk. Reduced growth of Scots pine was observed up to 30 km south-west of the smelter. This directional gradient of forest damage is related to the dispersal of pollutants,which is influenced by the prevailing northern winds and local topographic features. Old Scots pines (age 200 years +) appealed to be more sensitive than younger ones: growth reductions of old trees had started earlier and reductions were observed farther from the smelter than for younger trees. The findings are compared to a classification which describes the state of forest ecosystems based on the occurrence of certain plant species, the classification matched well with the observed growth trends. Pollution-induced changes in the climatic signal in tree-rings are also studied. The strong dependence of growth on mid-summer temperatures, typical for Scots pine on high latitudes, proved to be insensitive to effects of pollution. Changes in the climate-growth relationship rook place decades after growth trends had started to decline. C1 US FOREST SERV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. RP Nojd, P (reprint author), FINNISH FOREST RES INST,POB 18,VANTAA 01301,FINLAND. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 93 IS 3 BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00049-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WA665 UT WOS:A1996WA66500007 PM 15093529 ER PT J AU Shafer, SR Schoeneberger, MM Horton, SJ Davey, CB Miller, JE AF Shafer, SR Schoeneberger, MM Horton, SJ Davey, CB Miller, JE TI Effects of rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and anion content of simulated rain on subterranean clover SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD-GROWN SOYBEANS; SULFURIC-ACID RAIN; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PLANT-GROWTH; RADISH PLANTS; FOLIAR INJURY; N-2 FIXATION; SOIL-PH; YIELD; OZONE AB An experiment was concluded to determine the extent to which rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, and anions in simulated rain affect plant growth response to acid deposition. Germinating subterranean clover seeds were planted in steam-pasteurized soil in pots and inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum, R. leguminosarum + G. intraradices, R. leguminosarum + G. etunicatum, or no microbial symbionts. Beginning 3 weeks later, plants and the soil surface were exposed to simulated rain in a greenhouse on 3 days week(-1) for 12 weeks. Rain solutions were deionized water amended with background ions only (pH 5.0) or also adjusted to pH 3.0 with HNO3 only, H2SO4 only, or a 50/50 mixture of the two acids. Glomus intraradices colonized plant roots poorly, and G. intraradices-inoculated plants responded like nonmycorrhizal plants to rhizobia and rain treatments. Variation in plant biomass attributable to different rain formulations was strongest for G. etunicatum-inoculated plants, and the effect of rain formulation differed with respect to nodulation by rhizobia. The smallest plants at the end of the experiment were noninoculated plants exposed to rains (0.38 g mean dry weight total for 3 plants pot(-1)). Among nonnodulated plants infected by G. etunicatum, those exposed to HNO3 rain were largest, followed by plants exposed to HNO3 + H2SO4, pH 5.0, and H2SO4 rain, in that order. Among plants inoculated with both R, leguminosarum + G. etunicatum, however, the greatest biomass occurred with pH 5.0 rains, resulting in the largest plants in the study (1.00 g/3 plants). Treatment-related variation among root and shoot biomass data reflected those for whole-plant biomass. Based on quantification of biomass and N concentrations in shoot and root tissues, total N content of plants inoculated with G. etunicatum alone and exposed to the HNO3 + H2SO4 rains was approximately the same as plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum + G, entunicatum and exposed to pH 5 rains. Thus, the acid-mixture pains and rhizobia under no acid deposition provided approximately equal amounts of N in biomass. The significant interactions among rain formulation and the symbiotic status of the plants suggest that conclusions concerning the impact of acid deposition on plants in the environment cannot be considered reliable because most experiments on which such assessments are based have not tested confounding influences of microorganisms and precipitation characteristics. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,FOREST SERV,USDA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Shafer, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,1509 VARS DR,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 92 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(95)00081-X PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC292 UT WOS:A1996UC29200008 PM 15091411 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Fenn, ME AF Bytnerowicz, A Fenn, ME TI Nitrogen deposition in California forests: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE gaseous pollutants; particulates; Western forests; air pollution; ecological effects; soil nitrate; nitrogen saturation ID PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; SMOG RECEPTOR-SITE; LOS-ANGELES AREA; ABIES L KARST; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DRY DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SIERRA-NEVADA AB Atmospheric concentrations and deposition of the major nitrogenous (N) compounds and their biological effects in California forests are reviewed Climatic characteristics of California are summarized in light of their effects on pollutant accumulation and transport. Over large areas of the state dry deposition is of greater magnitude than wet deposition due to the arid climate. However, fog deposition can also be significant in areas where seasonal fogs and N pollution sources coincide. The dominance of dry deposition is magnified in airsheds with frequent temperature inversions such as occur in the Los Angeles Air Basin. Most of the deposition in such areas occurs in summer as a result of surface deposition of nitric acid vapor (HNO3) as well as particulate nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). Internal uptake of gaseous N pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), HNO3, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), ammonia (NH3), and others provides additional N to forests. However, summer drought and subsequent lower stomatal conductance of plants tend to limit plant utilization of gaseous N Nitrogen deposition is much greater than S deposition in California. In locations close to photochemical smog source areas, concentrations of oxidized forms of N (NO2, HNO3, PAN) dominate, while in areas near agricultural activities the importance of reduced N forms (NH3, NH4+) significantly increases. Little data from California forests are available for most of the gaseous N pollutants. Total inorganic N deposition in the most highly-exposed forests in the Los Angeles Air Basin may be as high as 25-45 kg ha(-1) year(-1). Nitrogen deposition in these highly-exposed areas has led to N saturation of chaparral and mixed conifer stands. In N saturated forests high concentrations of NO3- are found in streamwater, soil solution, and in foliage. Nitric oxide emissions from soil and foliar N:P ratios are also high in N saturated sites. Further research is needed to determine the ecological effects of chronic N deposition, and to develop appropriate management options for protecting water quality and managing plant nutrient resources in ecosystems which no longer retain excess N. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), USDA, PACIFIC SW RES STN, FOREST SERV, FOREST FIRE LAB, 4955 CANYON CREST DR, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 155 TC 165 Z9 169 U1 8 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 92 IS 2 BP 127 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(95)00106-9 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UJ335 UT WOS:A1996UJ33500004 PM 15091393 ER PT J AU Heagle, AS Miller, JE AF Heagle, AS Miller, JE TI Effects of rooting medium and fertilizer rate on response of white clover to tropospheric ozone SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Two white clover (Trifolium repens L.) clones with varying sensitivity to O-3 are being developed as a system to indicate effects of ambient concentrations of tropospheric O-3 On plants. One clone (NC-S) is highly sensitive to O-3 and the other (NC-R) is highly resistant. The system relies on periodic measurement of foliar injury, foliar chlorophyll, and forage production of NC-S and NC-R grown in 15-liter pots throughout a summer season. Relative amounts of foliar injury and ratios (NC-S/NC-R) for chlorophyll and forage weight can be used to estimate biologically effective ambient O-3 concentrations. The effect of variation in rooting media formulation and fertilizer rate on response of NC-S and NC-R to ambient O-3 was determined in the present study. In the rooting medium experiment, clover was grown in three mixtures of sandy loam topsoil:course washed sand:Metro Mix 220 (ratios (by volume) of 2:1:1, 2:1:5, and 6:1:1). In the fertilizer experiment, clover was grown in the 2:1:1 medium at four fertilizer rates (soluble 5-11-26 (N-P-K) at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g per pot). Ozone caused more foliar injury, more chlorosis, and a greater decrease in forage production of NC-S than of NC-R in all studies. Rooting media treatments affected both clones similarly and occasional clone x media interactions were judged to be random. Forage production by NC-S, relative to that of NC-R, was generally greater in the 0.0 fertilizer treatment, but the forage ratios were similar at all other fertilizer treatments. The relative response of NC-S and NC-R to O-3 is fairly stable under cultural conditions that support normal plant growth. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Heagle, AS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 91 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(95)00018-M PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TK461 UT WOS:A1996TK46100011 PM 15091458 ER PT J AU Young, AL AF Young, AL TI Food irradiation - After 30 years, where do we stand: A government perspective SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE irradiation; cold pasteurization; public awareness; CIRRPC (Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination) AB The use of irradation to improve the safety, protect benefits, and preserve the quality of fresh and processed foods is a technology. Over the past 30 years, the well established and proven has invested in the science to confirm United States Government safety and in the technology to show application The United States Department Of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration have approved Sources of ionizing radiation for the treatment of fruits, vegetables, and the food industry and to the health and welfare of the public, only minimal application Of this technology occurs. This underscorces the importance of in creasing the public's understanding of radiation risks relative to other hazards. Accordingly, the Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination of the Executive Office of the President has made recommendations for the creation of a centralized National Radiation Information Center that would work closely with Federal departments and agencies in responding to public queries about radiation issues and Federal programs. RP Young, AL (reprint author), USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES EDUC & EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 1996 VL 3 IS 2 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1007/BF02985496 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VB953 UT WOS:A1996VB95300007 PM 24234954 ER PT S AU Haas, MJ Joerger, RD King, G Klein, RR AF Haas, MJ Joerger, RD King, G Klein, RR BE Dordick, JS Russell, AJ TI The use of rational mutagenesis to modify the chain length specificity of a Rhizopus delemar lipase SO ENZYME ENGINEERING XIII SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Enzyme Engineering Conference CY OCT 15-20, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Engn Fdn, New York ID PENICILLIUM-CAMEMBERTII U-150; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; DIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLONING; MONOCYLGLYCEROL; FUNGI; GENE C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-982-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 799 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33188.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK03H UT WOS:000070949000020 PM 8958082 ER PT S AU Coutinho, PM Dowd, MK Reilly, PJ AF Coutinho, PM Dowd, MK Reilly, PJ BE Dordick, JS Russell, AJ TI Automated docking of glucoamylase substrates and inhibitors SO ENZYME ENGINEERING XIII SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Enzyme Engineering Conference CY OCT 15-20, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Engn Fdn, New York ID AWAMORI VAR X100; ASPERGILLUS-AWAMORI; REFINED STRUCTURE; 2.2-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; 2.4-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; KINETICS; COMPLEX; NIGER; MUTAGENESIS; BINDING C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Coutinho, PM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Coutinho, Pedro/C-4473-2008 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-981-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 799 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33194.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK03H UT WOS:000070949000026 PM 8958087 ER PT S AU Kirk, TK Jeffries, TW AF Kirk, TK Jeffries, TW BE Jeffries, TW Viikari, L TI Roles for microbial enzymes in pulp and paper processing SO ENZYMES FOR PULP AND PAPER PROCESSING SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Enzymes for Pulp and Paper Processing, at the ACS National Meeting CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID SOFTWOOD KRAFT PULPS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; PRODUCT QUALITY; XYLANASES; DEGRADATION; LIGNIN; INDUSTRY; FIBERS; PEROXIDASE; IMPROVE AB Microbial enzymes are enabling new technologies for processing pulps and fibers. Xylanases reduce the amount of chemicals required for bleaching; cellulases smooth fibers, enhance drainage, and promote ink removal; lipases reduce pitch; lignin-degrading enzymes remove lignin from pulps. Several of these processes are commercial, and others are beginning to emerge. In the future, enzyme-based processes could lead to cleaner and more efficient pulp and paper processing. The papers in this book describe fundamental and applied aspects of xylanase, cellulase, lignin-degrading enzymes, and lipase with a view toward the development of novel processes, unusual enzymatic activities and elucidation of underlying mechanisms. RP Kirk, TK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, USDA, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 105 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3478-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 655 BP 2 EP 14 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BG78C UT WOS:A1996BG78C00001 ER PT S AU Sreenath, HK Yang, VW Burdsall, HH Jeffries, TW AF Sreenath, HK Yang, VW Burdsall, HH Jeffries, TW BE Jeffries, TW Viikari, L TI Toner removal by alkaline-active cellulases from desert basidiomycetes SO ENZYMES FOR PULP AND PAPER PROCESSING SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Enzymes for Pulp and Paper Processing, at the ACS National Meeting CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; DEINKING; STRAIN; ACID AB Two isolates of wood-decay basidiomycetous fungi from the Sonoran Desert were selected from a preliminary screening of an extensive collection of wood-decay fungi. The isolates produced extracellular, alkaline-active carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and filter paper cellulase activity, especially on solid substrates. Cultivation on wheat bran gave a higher cellulase yield than cultivation on corn steep liquor or paper pulp. The fungi produced alkaline-active cellulases when cultivated at pH 7.0 and 8.0, but not at pH 9.0 or above. Surfactants did not affect enzyme production level during cultivation on wheat bran. The fungi grew at 37 degrees C, but enzymes were produced at 27 degrees C. Isolate 2 produced more CMCase activity than did isolate 1 at both pH 7.0 and 8.5. In both isolates, enzyme activity was higher at pH 7.0 than at 8.5. Isolate 1 CMCase was stable at 50 degrees C and isolate 2 CMCase, at 60 degrees C. The crude alkaline enzymes could deink mixed office wastepaper that was 70% coated with toners. More ink was removed after addition of enzymes to paper pulp in the presence of surfactant. RP Sreenath, HK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, USDA, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3478-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 655 BP 267 EP 279 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BG78C UT WOS:A1996BG78C00021 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Hollingsworth, J Morris, JG AF Armstrong, GL Hollingsworth, J Morris, JG TI Emerging foodborne pathogens: Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a model of entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; LABELED ANTIBODY PROCEDURE; DAY-CARE-CENTER; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; GROUND-BEEF; DAIRY-CATTLE; WASHINGTON-STATE; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; SEVERE OUTBREAK; BOVINE FECES C1 USDA, FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV, EPIDEMIOL & EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT MED, DIV INFECT DIS, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, BALTIMORE, MD USA. NR 178 TC 471 Z9 482 U1 1 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1 BP 29 EP 51 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VF961 UT WOS:A1996VF96100004 PM 8877329 ER PT S AU Nicks, AD Williams, RD Williams, JR AF Nicks, AD Williams, RD Williams, JR BE Walling, DE Webb, BW TI Regional analysis of erosion from agricultural fields using global change scenarios SO EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELD: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Erosion and Sediment Yield - Global and Regional Perspectives CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL EXETER, ENGLAND SP Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros, UNESCO, UK Overseas Dev Adm C1 USDA ARS,DURANT,OK 74702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-89-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1996 IS 236 BP 267 EP 274 PG 4 WC Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geography; Geology GA BG33F UT WOS:A1996BG33F00028 ER PT B AU Lentz, RD Sojka, RE AF Lentz, RD Sojka, RE GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI Polyacrylamide application to control furrow irrigation-induced erosion SO EROSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY - BRINGING IT HOME: PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE XXVII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference XXVII on Erosion Control Technology - Bringing It Home CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Erosion Control Assoc C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 PY 1996 BP 419 EP 430 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BF95L UT WOS:A1996BF95L00037 ER PT B AU Kincaid, DC Lentz, RD Lehrsch, GA AF Kincaid, DC Lentz, RD Lehrsch, GA GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI Spray patterns from fan-type nozzles for applying pam to soil surfaces SO EROSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY - BRINGING IT HOME: PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE XXVII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference XXVII on Erosion Control Technology - Bringing It Home CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Erosion Control Assoc C1 USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 PY 1996 BP 455 EP 466 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BF95L UT WOS:A1996BF95L00040 ER PT J AU Radek, KJ AF Radek, KJ GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI Soil erosion following wildfires on the Okanogan National Forest - Initial monitoring results SO EROSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY - BRINGING IT HOME: PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE XXVII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference XXVII on Erosion Control Technology - Bringing It Home CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Erosion Control Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,OKANOGAN NATL FOREST,OKANOGAN,WA 98840. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 PY 1996 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BF95L UT WOS:A1996BF95L00043 ER PT J AU Lehrsch, GA Kincaid, DC Lentz, RD AF Lehrsch, GA Kincaid, DC Lentz, RD GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI Polyacrylamide sprayed on soil surfaces can stabilize soil aggregates SO EROSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY - BRINGING IT HOME: PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE XXVII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference XXVII on Erosion Control Technology - Bringing It Home CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Erosion Control Assoc C1 USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 PY 1996 BP 531 EP 538 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BF95L UT WOS:A1996BF95L00046 ER PT J AU Rebetzke, GJ Pantalone, VR Burton, JW Carver, BF Wilson, RF AF Rebetzke, GJ Pantalone, VR Burton, JW Carver, BF Wilson, RF TI Phenotypic variation for saturated fatty acid content in soybean SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE breeding; genotype x environment interaction; palmitic; stearic; temperature; Glycine max; soybean ID OIL; METABOLISM AB Concern over high saturates in human diets has prompted the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines producing oil with reduced saturated fatty acid concentration. To better understand those factors that influence phenotypic expression for palmitic and stearic acid content in soybean, thirty soybean lines random for saturated fatty acid content were grown in eight field environments contrasting for mean temperature during seed-filling. Palmitic and stearic acid content varied significantly (P<0.01) both among genotypes and across environments, while genotype x environment interactions were reflected in changes in line variance and ranking for both traits. Therefore selection of a superior genotype for saturated fatty acid composition may not correlate well from one environment to another. In general, early-maturing lines were less sensitive than later-maturing lines in their response to changes in mean daily temperature for palmitic concentration. However, factors in addition to temperature appeared to influence genotype response for stearic acid content. It appears that genetic systems conditioning palmitic and stearic acids are independent, and that separate breeding strategies need be adopted to make simultaneous improvement for these two oil traits. In summary, development of soybean lines with low or high saturated fatty acid content may be accomplished through evaluation and selection in a few environments contrasting for temperature. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RI Rebetzke, Greg/F-6078-2010 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1996 VL 91 IS 3 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1007/BF00033090 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VT615 UT WOS:A1996VT61500006 ER PT J AU Tang, B Jenkins, JN Watson, CE McCarty, JC Creech, RG AF Tang, B Jenkins, JN Watson, CE McCarty, JC Creech, RG TI Evaluation of genetic variances, heritabilities, and correlations for yield and fiber traits among cotton F-2 hybrid populations SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE correlation; cotton; F-2 hybrid; genetic model; genetic variance; Gossypium hirsutum; heritability; mixed model ID HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM; COMBINING ABILITY; F2 HYBRIDS; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; HETEROSIS AB F-2 hybrid cultivars continue to occupy a small portion of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production area in the United States, but occupy a larger proportion of the production area in some other countries. Sixty-four F-2 hybrids resulting from crosses of four commercial cultivars and 16 pest-resistant germplasm lines were evaluated for five fiber and four yield traits in four environments at Mississippi State, MS. An additive-dominance genetic model was employed for these traits. The minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) method was used with a mixed model approach for estimating genetic variance and covariance components and for predicting genetic correlations. This study investigated genetic variances, heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations between agronomic and fiber traits among these 64 F-2 hybrid populations and discussed the usefulness of these populations for use as hybrids or for selections for pure lines. Dominance variance accounted for the major proportion of the phenotypic variances for lint yield, lint percentage, and boil size indicating that hybrids should have an advantage for these traits compared to pure lines. A low proportion of additive variance for fiber traits and the significant additive x environment variance components indicated a lack of substantial useful additive genetic variability for fiber traits. This suggests that selections for pure lines within these F-2 populations would have limited success in improving fiber traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were of comparable magnitude for most pairs of characters. Fiber strength showed a positive additive genetic correlation with boil weight. Dominance genetic correlations of fiber strength with elongation and 2.5% span length were also significant and positive; however, the additive genetic correlation of length and strength was zero. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP Tang, B (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1996 VL 91 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1007/BF00033093 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VT615 UT WOS:A1996VT61500009 ER PT J AU Dijkhuizen, A Kennard, WC Havey, MJ Staub, JE AF Dijkhuizen, A Kennard, WC Havey, MJ Staub, JE TI RFLP variation and genetic relationships in cultivated cucumber SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; germplasm diversity; molecular markers; RFLP; isozyme; varietal identification; cucumber ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SATIVUS L; RESTRICTION; BRASSICA; ISOZYME; LOCI AB Two sets of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasm were used to determine the potential use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for estimating genetic relationships. Sixteen accessions [15 domesticated variety sativus and one feral variety hardwickii (PI 183967)] of diverse origin were used to assess RFLP variation in cucumber, and to determine if genetic relationships based on RFLPs were similar to those obtained by isozyme analysis. Additionally, 35 commercial lines or cultivars were surveyed to determine genetic relationships among and within common cucumber types (narrow genetic base). The 16 accessions were surveyed with 440 low copy clones from two libraries (Pst I partial genomic and cDNA) using two restriction enzymes. Data from a subset of 104 random (mapped and unmapped) and a set of 30 mapped RFLPs were used to estimate genetic relationships among the 16 cultigens. Variability was low among RFLPs (33% of all probes) and putative alleles (similar to 2.2 polymorphic fragments/probe). RFLP variation between sativus lines and hardwickii (21 +/- 4%) was greater than among sativus lines (12 +/- 2 %). RFLPs among the 16 accessions revealed genetic relationships which agree with those obtained using isozymes. Genetic relationships estimated using mapped and unmapped RFLPs were similar. The 35 elite lines were surveyed using a set of 40 RFLPs from 3 libraries (Pst I and EcoR I partial genomic and cDNA) to evaluate the discriminatory value of RFLPs among and between commercial cucumber types. The RFLP-derived genetic relationships among this germplasm were in agreement with predictions based on fruit type and pedigree information. Thus, RFLPs are a useful addition to the morphological characters and isozyme loci currently used for taxonomic classification and plant variety protection of cucumber. RP Dijkhuizen, A (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 36 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1996 VL 90 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UX466 UT WOS:A1996UX46600011 ER PT J AU Sebesta, EE Wood, EA Porter, DR Webster, JA AF Sebesta, EE Wood, EA Porter, DR Webster, JA TI Development of a triticale resistant to the greenbug: An historical perspective SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE aphids; amphiploidy; insect resistance; Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); wheat-rye hybrid ID WHEAT AB A greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] resistant strain of rye (Secale cereale L.) 'Insave F.A.' from Argentina was crossed with 'Chinese Spring' wheat (Triticum aestivum I,.) and also with 'Elbon' and 'Balbo' cultivars of common rye. Juvenile plants of the primary wheat X rye hybrid were treated with colchicine. Partially fertile amphidiploids were obtained that are resistant to greenbug Biotypes B and C. F-1 and F-2 populations of seedling plants derived from crosses of 'Insave F.A.' with 'Elbon' and 'Balbo' rye were tested for reaction to the greenbug to determine the genetic basis of inheritance. The results confirmed previous reports that resistance in 'Insave F.A.' is conditioned by a single dominant gene. RP Sebesta, EE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1996 VL 87 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1007/BF00022966 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TY739 UT WOS:A1996TY73900009 ER PT J AU Jha, PK Shrestha, KK Upadhyay, MP Stimart, DP Spooner, DM AF Jha, PK Shrestha, KK Upadhyay, MP Stimart, DP Spooner, DM TI Plant genetic resources of Nepal: A guide for plant breeders of agricultural, horticultural and forestry crops SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE genebank; germplasm; Nepal; plant genetic resources AB Nepal is rich in indigenous wild and landrace plant genetic resources for agronomic, horticultural, forestry, or medicinal uses, but much of this germplasm remains uncollected and awaits economic development. We list 485 entries (species, or genera for ornamental plants) in 14 categories, and compare these to existing germplasm collections in Nepal and the United States to highlight collection and conservation needs. To help plan plant collecting, we outline the key botanical and logistical data and legal framework for planning field work in Nepal. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. TRIBHUVAN UNIV,CENT DEPT BOT,KATMANDU,NEPAL. NEPAL AGR RES COUNCIL,AGR BOT DIV,PLANT GENET RESOURCES SECT,KATMANDU,NEPAL. NR 113 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1996 VL 87 IS 3 BP 189 EP 210 DI 10.1007/BF00023747 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TY742 UT WOS:A1996TY74200004 ER PT J AU Rush, D Lumey, LH Ravelli, ACJ Myers, B AF Rush, D Lumey, LH Ravelli, ACJ Myers, B TI The indirect association of lactation with subsequent perimenopausal body weight SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; Dutch famine; parity; weight; weight gain ID MASS INDEX; POSTPARTUM; PREGNANCY; WOMEN; OBESITY; POPULATION; GAIN AB Objective: We aimed to estimate the relationship of prior breastfeeding to perimenopausal body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)). While most long-term studies of women's body weight after reproductive experience have found a negative relationship between lactation and body weight, most short-term studies found either no impact of lactation on body weight, or decelerated postpartum weight loss among breastfeeding women. Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study. Setting: The study was done in The Netherlands between 1987 and 1990. Subjects: The 1067 singleton females who were born around the time of the Dutch famine (1 August 1944 through 15 April 1946) at The University of Amsterdam Teaching Hospital were all traced and accounted for. This analysis refers to the 671 who were interviewed and for whom all data elements were available. Analysis: We related parity and number of children breastfed at least 1 week to BMI at age 45 and at the time of marriage, both calculated from respondents: recall of weight and height, by linear multiple regression analysis, adjusting for potentially confounding variables. Results: Among parous women, each additional live birth was associated with a BMI increase of 0.69 kg/m(2) (CI = 0.24 to 1.13, P = 0.003), and for each additional child breastfed, the BMI was lower by 0.41 kg m(2) (CI = -0.77 to -0.04, P = 0.03) at age 45. However, BMI before any reproductive experience was 0.39 kg/m(2) greater (CI = 0.08 to 0.71, P = 0.01) with each additional subsequent birth, and for each additional infant breastfed, 0.34 kg/m(2) lower (CI = -0.60 to -0.09, P = 0.008). Conclusions: The negative relationship of prior breastfeeding to perimenopausal weight was probably not causally related to breastfeeding, since the relationship was present before any reproductive experience. The results could also have arisen in part because of biased recall of weight; however, the relationship of parity to perimenopausal BMI was far less attenuated by adjusting for prior BMI than was the association with breastfeeding, lending support to an indirect association of breastfeeding with later BMI. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,AMER HLTH FDN,NEW YORK,NY. COLUMBIA UNIV,GH SERGIEVSKY CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV AMSTERDAM,ACAD MED CTR,1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP Rush, D (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1RO1-HO-26492-02] NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 50 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TR080 UT WOS:A1996TR08000003 PM 8617185 ER PT J AU Lim, C AF Lim, C BE Santiago, CB Coloso, RM Millamena, OM Borlongan, IG TI Future considerations in fish nutrition research SO FEEDS FOR SMALL-SCALE AQUACULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Seminar-Workshop on Fish Nutrition and Feeds - Feeds for Small-Scale Aquaculture CY JUN 01-02, 1994 CL TIGBAUAN, PHILIPPINES SP SE Asian Fisheries Dev Ctr, Aquaculture Dept, Feed Dev Sect AB Considerable progress has been made in the field of fish nutrition during the past two decades. Nutritional data for some species such as trout, salmon, channel catfish, and common carp are well established and efficient feeds have been developed. However, nutrition of fish species commercially important Fn the Southeast Asian region Is still in its infancy and much of the existing information needs further verification. Basic requirements for some of the 5 major nutrient classes and energy have been determined, However, knowledge of larval and broodstock nutrition is limited. The role of nutrition in immune function and disease resistance should be investigated. Nutritional value and nutrient bioavailability of local feedstuffs as well as methods for improving the nutritional quality of inferior feedstuffs should be given priority. The potential benefits of additives, and harmful effects of toxicants and anti-nutritional factors need to be assessed. The effects of the diet on product quality are becoming increasingly important, but work on feed processing technology in relation to the physical and nutritional quality of feeds is lacking. Emphasis must also be given to the improvement of feed performance and feeding strategies for various life stages under different production systems and management practices in order to reduce production costs and minimize the negative impact of feeds on the environment. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,PWA,HAWAII INST MARINE BIOL,TROP AQUACULTURE RES UNIT,POB 1346,KANEOHE,HI 96744, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEAST ASIAN FISHERIES DEV CENTER, ACQUACULTURE DEPT PI ILOILO PA ILOILO, PHILIPPINES PY 1996 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BH75T UT WOS:A1996BH75T00001 ER PT B AU Fosberg, MA Stocks, BJ Lynham, TJ AF Fosberg, MA Stocks, BJ Lynham, TJ BE Goldammer, JG Furyeav, VV TI Risk analysis in strategic planning: Fire and climate change in the boreal forest SO FIRE IN ECOSYSTEMS OF BOREAL EURASIA SE FORESTRY SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Conference on Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia CY JUN-JUL -, 1993 CL RUSSIAN ACAD SCI KRASNOYARSK, FOREST FIRE LAB, KRASNOYARSK, RUSSIA SP VOLKSWAGEN Fdn HO RUSSIAN ACAD SCI KRASNOYARSK, FOREST FIRE LAB C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST FIRE & ATMOSPHER SCI RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4137-6 J9 FOR SCI PY 1996 VL 48 BP 495 EP 504 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG15K UT WOS:A1996BG15K00045 ER PT B AU Ross, EW AF Ross, EW BE Goldammer, JG Furyeav, VV TI Understanding boreal ecosystems - Opening remarks at the International Conference ''Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia'', Krasnoyarsk, 29 June 2 July 1993 SO FIRE IN ECOSYSTEMS OF BOREAL EURASIA SE FORESTRY SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Conference on Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia CY JUN-JUL -, 1993 CL RUSSIAN ACAD SCI KRASNOYARSK, FOREST FIRE LAB, KRASNOYARSK, RUSSIA SP VOLKSWAGEN Fdn HO RUSSIAN ACAD SCI KRASNOYARSK, FOREST FIRE LAB C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4137-6 J9 FOR SCI PY 1996 VL 48 BP 513 EP 515 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG15K UT WOS:A1996BG15K00047 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM Plattner, RD Miklasz, SD AF Maragos, CM Plattner, RD Miklasz, SD TI Determination of hydrolysed fumonisin B-1 (HFB1) in corn by competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE mycotoxins; fumonisins; immunoassay; analysis; corn ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIBODIES AB Fumonisin B-1, a mycotoxin produced by certain Fusarium moulds, consists of two tricarballylic acid groups esterified to a 20-carbon backbone. Under alkaline conditions, or through metabolism, the aminopentol backbone, also known as hydrolysed Fumonisin B-1 (HFB1) can be formed and is itself cytotoxic. Although the occurrence of HFB1 1 in corn-based foods is suspected, because of the ubiquitous nature of FB1 in corn, analytical methods for its detection are difficult. In the present report we describe a monoclonal antibody-based competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) for the rapid analysis of HFB1 in corn. The concentration required to inhibit enzyme conjugate binding by 50% (IC50) was 36 ng/ml. The limit of detection of HFB, by the CD-ELISA was 2 ng/ml, when HFB1 was added in bovine serum albumin-phosphate buffered saline. The antibody also cross-reacted with the hydrolysis products of FB2, FB3, and FB4, having IC50 values of 331, 174, and 1700 ng/ml respectively. The antibody did not react with the intact fumonisins, sphingosine, sphinganine, or tricarballylic acid. Samples of corn spiked with HFB 1 over the range of 5-1000 ng/g indicated the CD-ELISA has a limit of detection of 5 ng/g and an IC50 of 41 ng/g in this matrix. The CD-ELISA provides a sensitive and rapid tool for the analysis of corn-based foods for HFB1. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TV788 UT WOS:A1996TV78800011 PM 8647300 ER PT B AU Warner, K AF Warner, K BE McDonald, RE Min, DB TI Evaluation of lipid quality and stability SO FOOD LIPIDS AND HEALTH SE IFT BASIC SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IFT Basic Symposium on Food Lipids and Health CY JUN 01-02, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Inst Food Technologists, Int Union Food Sci & Technol RP Warner, K (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 0-8247-9712-4 J9 IFT BAS SYM PY 1996 VL 11 BP 345 EP 369 PG 25 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BJ16Y UT WOS:A1996BJ16Y00014 ER PT J AU Berry, BW Abraham, HC AF Berry, BW Abraham, HC TI Sensory, shear force and cooking properties of commercially processed ground beef patties SO FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE LA English DT Article DE ground beef patties; raw materials; processing; sensory evaluation; connective tissue; shear force; cooking properties ID QUALITY AB Ground beef patties (20% fat) were obtained from 26 processors who are major US suppliers of ground beef. Sensory, instrumental tenderness and cooking data were collected. Patties processed strictly from cow meat or from raw materials with greater amounts of connective tissue were less tender The use of muscle from young cattle (less than approximately 24 months of age) for patties produced higher scores for tenderness with less detectable connective tissue than patties made entirely from cow beef (more than approximately 24 months of age). Formulations consisting largely of trimmings obtained from bones with a mechanical trimmer received the highest tenderness scores. However, those patties received low ratings for beef flavor intensity due to the presence of a 'microbial-like' flavor. Thus, processors should insure that bones accumulated for mechanical separation of lean are subjected to strict quality control for condition. C1 USDA ARS,DIV LIVESTOCK,STANDARDIZAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. RP Berry, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0950-3293 J9 FOOD QUAL PREFER JI Food. Qual. Prefer. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0950-3293(95)00007-0 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA TL887 UT WOS:A1996TL88700007 ER PT J AU Hasegawa, S Miyake, M AF Hasegawa, S Miyake, M TI Biochemistry and biological functions of citrus limonoids SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS; S-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; GREEN COFFEE BEANS; A-RING LACTONE; LIMONIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; CALAMONDIN SEEDS AB Limonoids are one of bitter principles in citrus juices. Excessive bitterness lowers the quality and value of citrus juices. Nomilin is considered to be the precursor of all other limonoids accumulated in Citrus and related species. It is biosynthesized from acetate via the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in the phloem region of stems and then translocated to the leaves, fruit tissues, peels, and seeds where it is further metabolized to other limonoids. The citrus limonoid aglycones are then glucosidated by limonoid UDP-D-glucose transferase in maturing fruit tissues and seeds. These limonoid glucosides are accumulated in such high concentrations that they are one of major secondary metabolites in citrus fruit tissues, and they play an important role in fruit quality and possibly in human health. Research on creation of transgenic citrus trees that produce fruits free of the limonoid bitterness problem is in progress. Limonoids have been shown to induce glutathione S-transferase activity and inhibit the formation of certain chemically induced carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. Some of the limonoids possess antifeedant activity against insects, suggesting that one of the biological functions of limonoids in plants is pest control. The citrus limonoids are unique for many species and varieties, and make excellent taxonomic markers. Thus, limonoids are important citrus constituents to citrus growers, processors, breeders, and the consumer. C1 WAKAYAMA PREFECTURAL FED AGR, WAKAYAMA, JAPAN. RP Hasegawa, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 92 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 8755-9129 EI 1525-6103 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 1996 VL 12 IS 4 BP 413 EP 435 PG 23 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA VR160 UT WOS:A1996VR16000001 ER PT J AU Keagy, PM Parvin, B Schatzki, TF AF Keagy, PM Parvin, B Schatzki, TF TI Machine recognition of navel orange worm damage in X-ray images of pistachio nuts SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB Insect infestation increases the probability of aflatoxin contamination in pistachio nuts. A nondestructive test is not currently available to determine the insect content of pistachio nuts. This paper presents the use of film X-ray images of various types of pistachio nut to assess the possibility of machine recognition of insect-infested nuts. Histogram parameters of four derived images are used in discriminant functions to select insect-infested nuts from specific processing streams. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ITG,ICSD,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Keagy, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1996 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 145 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA UF890 UT WOS:A1996UF89000019 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Smith, PW Cooke, PH Holsinger, VH AF Onwulata, CI Smith, PW Cooke, PH Holsinger, VH TI Particle structures of encapsulated milkfat powders SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WHEY PROTEINS; MICROENCAPSULATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Emulsions of milkfat (cream or anhydrous butteroil), carbohydrate (sucrose, modified starch or all-purpose flour), nonfat dry milk and mono- and diglycerides as emulsifying agents were prepared and spray-dried yielding free-flowing powders containing 400, 500 or 600 g/kg milkfat. Structural features of the powders were evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Powder particles were generally spherical in shape, with particle size distributions ranging from 20 to 120 mu m; surface morphology of the particles could be related to the encapsulant used. Butteroil was more readily encapsulated than cream in all cases; butteroil-containing powders contained less extractable fat than did those made with heavy cream. Milkfat was distributed in the walls of the powder particles when modified starch was the encapsulant; these particles contained occluded air in their cores, which could be detrimental to long-term storage. Powders with all-purpose flour as the encapsulant showed loose matrices enclosing large fat droplets, demonstrating structural weakness. Fat droplets were enclosed without central voids within the capsules when sucrose was the encapsulant; with less than 6 g/100g extractable fat, sucrose encapsulated milkfat powders were structurally stable, suggesting good resistance to air/oxygen diffusion during storage. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1996 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 172 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA UF890 UT WOS:A1996UF89000023 ER PT J AU Pearson, T AF Pearson, T TI Machine vision system for automated detection of stained pistachio nuts SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB A machine vision system was developed to separate stained pistachio nuts, which comprise about 5% of the California crop, from unstained nuts. Stained nuts have lower consumer acceptance and higher incidences of aflatoxin contamination. The machine vision system may be used as an automated quality control device to detect stained nuts. The system was tested on three different pistachio process streams: the bichromatic colour sorter reject stream (floaters and sinkers) and the manually sorted small nut shelling stock stream (floaters). The system had a minimum overall error rates of 13% for the sinker bichromatic reject stream, 14% for the floater bichromatic sorter reject stream and 15% for the floater small shelling stock stream. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA UJ877 UT WOS:A1996UJ87700002 ER PT J AU Kumosinski, TF Uknalis, J Cooke, PH Farrell, HM AF Kumosinski, TF Uknalis, J Cooke, PH Farrell, HM TI Correlation of refined models for casein submicelles with electron microscopic studies of casein SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID BOVINE CASEINS AB To enhance understanding of the milk protein system, an energy minimized three-dimensional (3-D) model of a putative casein submicelle has been constructed using monomeric, alpha(s1) and beta-casein 3-D models. Docking of one kappa-and four alpha(s1)-casein molecules produced a framework structure whose external portion is composed of the hydrophilic domains of alpha(s1)- and kappa- and whose central portion contains two large hydrophobic cavities. Preformed symmetric and asymmetric dimers (formed by docking the hydrophobic C terminal regions of two beta-casein molecular models) could easily be placed into the two central cavities on the kappa-, alpha(s1)- framework yielding two plausible energy minimized 3-D structures for submicellar casein. To test these two 3-D structures, theoretical computer generated topographical models were compared to experimental electron microscopic data. Good comparisons of the shapes of the 3-D models with those of the images generated by electron microscopy were achieved for both the symmetric and asymmetric submicelle models. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1996 VL 29 IS 4 BP 326 EP 333 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA UT020 UT WOS:A1996UT02000005 ER PT J AU Morgan, AI Goldberg, N Radewonuk, ER Scullen, OJ AF Morgan, AI Goldberg, N Radewonuk, ER Scullen, OJ TI Surface pasteurization of raw poultry meat by steam SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; WATER AB A device to surface pasteurize meat without producing a cooked appearance was built and tested. When inoculated with 10(7) Listeria inocua organisms, contamination levels on poultry meat samples were reduced to 10(3) organisms by treatment with steam to 140 degrees C for 50 Ins. The extraordinary rapidity of heating was achieved by condensing pure, thermally saturated steam onto the meat surface in the absence of noncondensible gases. Equally rapid surface cooling was then achieved by re-evaporating the condensate on the meat surface back into a vacuum. The best killing was achieved when treatments were repeated. This avoided the shadowing effect of the steel mesh cage which held the ment. The meat surface afforded some protection to the bacteria, compared to a paper surface. The rapidity of the process shows that a practical model could keep rip with poultry slaughter line speeds. Such a model, including a sterile wrapping step, is suggested for poultry pieces and cut meats. RP Morgan, AI (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1996 VL 29 IS 5-6 BP 447 EP 451 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA VH185 UT WOS:A1996VH18500008 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Neff, WE List, GR Zeitoun, MAM AF Sessa, DJ Neff, WE List, GR Zeitoun, MAM TI Melting and crystalline properties of enzyme catalysed interesterified vegetable oil-soapstock fatty acid blends SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN OIL; TRANSESTERIFICATION; LIPASE AB Distilled fatty acids from Egyptian waste soapstock were blended with cottonseed or olive oils and interesterified via pancreatic lipase. The reaction was conducted at 55 degrees C for 10 h to reach equilibrium at which point 45% interesterification was accomplished. The specificity of 1,3 lipase was apparently reduced by the acid environment of the interesterification reaction. Acyl migration was observed among all the carbons of the glycerol moiety of the interesterified triacylglycerol products. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to evaluate changes in melting and crystallizing properties of vegetable oil-soapstock fatty acid blends before and after enzymic interesterification. Melting and crystallizing temperatures of the interesterified blends were significantly lowered. C1 UNIV ALEXANDRIA,FAC AGR,DEPT FOOD SCI,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. RP Sessa, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1996 VL 29 IS 5-6 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA VH185 UT WOS:A1996VH18500030 ER PT J AU Takeoka, G Buttery, RG Ling, L AF Takeoka, G Buttery, RG Ling, L TI Odour thresholds of various branched and straight chain acetates SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID STEREOISOMERIC FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; VOLATILE COMPONENTS; ESTERS AB A series of straight chain and branched esters (ethyl acetate to 2-nonyl acetate) were purified by preparative gas chromatography and their odour thresholds were determined using sensory panel methods Pentyl acetate and 2-butyl acetate had the lowest odour thresholds of the straight chain and branched acetates, respectively. Addition of a methyl group at the I-position of the alcohol did not have a consistent effect on the odour threshold. For ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and heptyl acetate the addition of a methyl group in the I-position caused a decrease in the odour threshold; whereas for pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate and octyl acetate the addition of a methyl group in the I-position caused an increase in the odour threshold. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited RP Takeoka, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1996 VL 29 IS 7 BP 677 EP 680 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA VN491 UT WOS:A1996VN49100015 ER PT J AU Neff, WE ElAgaimy, M AF Neff, WE ElAgaimy, M TI Effect of linoleic acid position in triacylglycerols on their oxidative stability SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; AUTOXIDATION; OIL; BLENDS AB Four synthetically produced triacylglycerols containing linoleic and palmitic acid in different known positions were used to determine the effect of fatty acid position on their relative rates of autoxidation. The triacylglycerols were sn-1,3-dipalmitoyl-sn-2-linoleoyl (PLP); sn-1,2(2,3)-dipalmitoyl-sn-1(3)-monolinoleoyl (PPL); sn 2-palmitoyl-sn-1,3-dilinoleoyl (LPL); and sn 1 (3)-palmitoyl-sn-1,2(2,3)-dilinoleoyl (PLL) glycerols. Oxidation was evaluated both by peroxide value, and reversed phase HPLC with ultraviolet absorbance detection at 235 nm for conjugated diene of triacylglycerol's oxidized linoleic acid. Triacylglycerols were oxidized at 60 degrees C in the dark. PLL had lower oxidative stability than LPL. This effect may be due to easier interactions between adjacent linoleic acid of PLL compared to nonadjacent linoleic acid of LPL during autoxidation. PLP had lower oxidative stability than PPL. Reversed phase HPLC analysis showed that at a low oxidation level, PLP and PPL produced monohydroperoxide and LPL and PLL produced both mono- and bishydroperoxides. These results are further evidence that fatty acid position on triacylglycerols plays a role in lipid oxidation. C1 AGR RES CTR,FOOD TECHNOL RES INST,OILS & FATS SECT,GIZA,EGYPT. RP Neff, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61614, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1996 VL 29 IS 8 BP 772 EP 775 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA VX285 UT WOS:A1996VX28500015 ER PT J AU Monserud, RA Sterba, H AF Monserud, RA Sterba, H TI A basal area increment model for individual trees growing in even- and uneven-aged forest stands in Austria SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stand simulation; prognosis model; competition; stand dynamic; mixed-species stand; forest inventory ID GROWTH AB Because of the gradual shift from pure even-aged forest management in central Europe, existing yield tables are becoming increasingly unreliable for forest management decisions. Individual tree-based stand growth modeling can make accurate stand growth predictions for the full range of conditions between pure even-aged and mixed-species uneven-aged stands. The central model in such a simulator is basal area increment for individual trees. Spatial information is not needed, and age and site index are intentionally not used to gain generality for all possible stand conditions. A basal area increment model is developed for all the main forest species in Austria: spruce (Picea abies), fir (Abies alba), larch (Larix decidua), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), black pine (Pinus nigra), stone pine (Pinus cembra), beech (Fagus silvatica), oak (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea and Quercus cerris), and for all other broadleaf species combined. The Austrian National Forest Inventory provided 5-year basal area increment from 44 761 remeasured trees growing on 5416 forested plots in the 1980s. This large sample is representative of forest conditions and forest management practices throughout Austria and therefore provides an excellent data base for the development of an increment model. The resulting increment model explained from 20 to 63% of the variation for all nine species and from 33 to 63% of the variation if the minor species Pinus cembra is excluded. These results compared quite closely with those of Wykoff for mixed conifer stands in the Northern Rocky Mountains. In the Austrian model, size variables (breast height diameter and crown length) accounted for 14-47% of the variation in basal area increment, depending on tree species. The best competition measure was the basal area of larger trees, which provides a tree-specific measure of competition without requiring spatial information; crown competition factor provided only minor improvement. Competition variables accounted for 9% of the variation on average, and up to 15% for some species. Topographic factors (elevation, slope, aspect) explained up to 3% of the variation, as did soil factors. Remaining site factors, such as vegetation type and growth district accounted for a maximum of 3% of the variation in increment. In total, site factors explained from 2 to 6% of the variation. Even though site factors account for a small percentage of the variation, they are not only significant, but serve to localize a particular prediction. These species-specific interrelationships between basal area increment and the various size, competition, and site variables correspond quite well with ecological expectations and silvicultural understanding of these species in Austria. Because the sample base is so strong, the resulting growth models can be recommended not only for all of Austria but for surrounding regions with similar growth conditions. C1 AGR UNIV VIENNA,INST WALDWACHSTUMSFORSCH,A-1190 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 45 TC 184 Z9 205 U1 10 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03638-5 PG 24 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TT311 UT WOS:A1996TT31100006 ER PT J AU Cole, TG Yost, RS Kablan, R Olsen, T AF Cole, TG Yost, RS Kablan, R Olsen, T TI Growth potential of twelve Acacia species on acid soils in Hawaii SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE silviculture; reforestation; plantation AB Reforestation of degraded tropical sites is often hampered by soils of high acidity, high aluminum saturation, and low fertility. To evaluate the possibility of cultivating Acacia species on such soils, a study was conducted at Waiawa, HI, to test growth under conditions of (1) high acidity (primarily aluminum) and nutrient stress, and (2) no acidity stress and high nutrient availability. Twelve Acacia species, including the important native Hawaiian species Acacia koa, were established on a Ustic Kanhaplohumult soil. The experimental design was a split plot with two fertility treatments as the main plots and the 12 Acacia species as subplots. The treatments were: low fertility (F-0; 143 kg ha(-1) 14-14-14 plus micronutrients) and high fertility (F-1; 8 Mg ha(-1) lime, 143 kg ha(-1) 14-14-14 plus micronutrients, 200 kg P ha(-1), and 77 kg K ha(-1)). Acacia angustissima, Acacia aulacocarpa, Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia cincinnata, Acacia crassicarpa, Acacia implexa, Acacia koa, and Acacia mangium grew significantly faster under the high fertility treatment. Three species, A. cincinnata, A. crassicarpa, and A. mangium, are recommended for planting on infertile acid soils. The volume of A. koa was increased ten-fold by the high fertility treatment. Additional study on koa's nutritional requirements is suggested in order to identify the nutrients contributing to this increased growth. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP Cole, TG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST PACIFIC ISL FORESTRY,1151 PUNCHBOWL ST RM 323,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. RI Yost, Russell/A-5937-2008 OI Yost, Russell/0000-0002-1573-5822 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03610-5 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TT311 UT WOS:A1996TT31100014 ER PT B AU Heath, LS Birdsey, RA Row, C Plantinga, AJ AF Heath, LS Birdsey, RA Row, C Plantinga, AJ BE Apps, MJ Price, DT TI Carbon pools and fluxes in US forest products SO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, FOREST MANAGEMENT AND THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SERIES I, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Role of Global Forest Ecosystems and Forest Resource Management in the Global Cycle CY SEP 12-16, 1994 CL BANFF, CANADA SP NATO C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-60684-X J9 NATO ASI SER SER I PY 1996 VL 40 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF93A UT WOS:A1996BF93A00022 ER PT J AU Patterson, DW Anderson, RB AF Patterson, DW Anderson, RB TI Use of statistical process control in the furniture and cabinet industries SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A survey of furniture and cabinet manufacturers was conducted to determine the current level of use of statistical methods for quality control in manufacturing operations. The results of this survey indicate that only a small portion of the companies in the furniture and cabinet industries are utilizing Statistical Process Control techniques for assessment of part quality as it leaves a work station. Most companies hold the operator at each work station accountable for the quality of parts leaving that work station. Furthermore, tolerances are used more in the cabinet industry than the furniture industry. There appears to be a considerable opportunity for the adoption of these techniques in both the furniture and cabinet industries. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PRINCETON,WV 24740. RP Patterson, DW (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,POB 6125,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 36 EP 38 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TP798 UT WOS:A1996TP79800015 ER PT J AU Clark, A McAlister, RH Saucier, JR Reitter, K AF Clark, A McAlister, RH Saucier, JR Reitter, K TI Effect of rotation age on lumber grade, yield, and strength of unthinned loblolly pine SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION; JUVENILE AB This study examines the effect of rotation age on the grade, yield, and strength of lumber produced from unthinned loblolly pine stands in the coastal plain of Georgia. Six stands representing 22-, 28-, and 40-year rotations were sampled. A stratified random sample of trees with diameters at breast height ranging from 8 to 16 inches was selected from each stand and processed into lumber. The strength, yield, and grade of lumber produced increased with increasing rotation age. Based on study data, equations were developed to predict total lumber volume, lumber volume by lumber grade, sawlog stem weight, and cubic volume. Because the yield of higher grade lumber increased in older trees, the value of lumber produced per cubic foot increased significantly with increasing age. A financial analysis of a simulated plantation harvested at ages ranging from 20 to 40 years illustrates the effects of increasing lumber value and rotation age on net present value of an unthinned loblolly pine stand. C1 FORESTRY SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP,SKIPPERS,VA 23879. RP Clark, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TP798 UT WOS:A1996TP79800020 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A Titus, B AF Youngblood, A Titus, B TI Clearcutting - A regeneration method in the boreal forest SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Ecology and Siliviculture of the North American Northern/Boreal Forest - Understanding the Past and Charting the Future, at the CIF/SAF Joint Annual Meeting CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP CIF, SAF DE clearcutting; forest regeneration; boreal forest ID INTERIOR ALASKA; SPRUCE; QUEBEC; CLASSIFICATION; STANDS; BIOMASS; GROWTH AB Clearcutting is a method of regenerating an even-aged stand in which a new age class develops in a fully exposed microclimate after a single cutting of all trees in the previous stand. It is a common regeneration method used throughout the boreal forest of North America The ecological basis for reliance on this method of regenerating forest stands is examined, including considerations for specific tree species, for stands, and increasingly more important, for forest ecosystems. Despite past success and continued reliance on this method of regeneration in the boreal forest, alternative regeneration methods are proving to be equally feasible. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC NW RES STN, BEND SIVICULTURE LAB, 1027 NW TRENTON AVE, BEND, OR 97701 USA. RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI MATTAWA PA C/O CANADIAN ECOLOGY CENTRE, PO BOX 430, 6905 HWY 17 W, MATTAWA, ONTARIO P0H 1V0, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 72 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TZ199 UT WOS:A1996TZ19900024 ER PT J AU Werner, RA AF Werner, RA TI Forest health in boreal ecosystems of Alaska SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Ecology and Siliviculture of the North American Northern/Boreal Forest - Understanding the Past and Charting the Future, at the CIF/SAF Joint Annual Meeting CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP CIF, SAF DE forest health; boreal forest; ecosystem management ID SPRUCE AB Deteriorating forest health is causing unprecedented damage to the boreal forests of Alaska. Forest health is a complex issue that must be addressed within the context of ecosystem management and the goal of managing ecosystems for long-term productivity and maintaining ecosystems that will sustain biodiversity and provide desired values, products and uses. Instead of treating symptoms, forests must be managed to be more resistant to pest outbreaks through proper ecosystem management. Forest health can be addressed through short-term tactical approaches and long-term strategies. Management practices must match the ecological capabilities of each site in order to create and maintain healthy forests. This is the focus of ecosystem management. RP Werner, RA (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 606 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 72 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TZ199 UT WOS:A1996TZ19900026 ER PT J AU Wurtz, TL Gasbarro, AF AF Wurtz, TL Gasbarro, AF TI A brief history of wood use and forest management in Alaska SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Ecology and Siliviculture of the North American Northern/Boreal Forest - Understanding the Past and Charting the Future, at the CIF/SAF Joint Annual Meeting CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP CIF, SAF DE forest history; Alaska; Aboriginal use of forests; fuelwood; sternwheeled riverboats; gold mining; land classification; National Forests; Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act; Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act AB The Native peoples of Alaska used wood for fuel, for the construction of shelters, and for a variety of implements. Explorers, fur traders, gold miners, and settlers also relied on Alaska's forest resource. The early 20th century saw the creation of the Tongass and Chugach National Forests in coastal Alaska, where large-scale harvesting began shortly after World War II. By 1955, two 50-year contracts had been signed, committing 13 billion board feet of sawlogs and pulpwood. The commercial forest land base in Alaska has been dramatically reduced by a variety of legislative acts, including the Statehood Act of 1959 and the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980. RP Wurtz, TL (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,INST NO FORESTRY,308 TANANA DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 606 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 72 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TZ199 UT WOS:A1996TZ19900027 ER PT J AU Lai, CC Huang, WH Klevay, LM Gunning, WT Chiu, TH AF Lai, CC Huang, WH Klevay, LM Gunning, WT Chiu, TH TI Antioxidant enzyme gene transcription in copper-deficient rat liver SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant enzymes; gene transcription; copper deficiency; free radicals; rat; liver ID NF-KAPPA-B; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; MESSENGER-RNA; DIETARY IRON; CELLS; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION AB Antioxidant enzymes, Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, constitute an important defense mechanism against cytotoxicity of reactive oxygen species. Copper is essential for the activity of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase. Oxidative stress, therefore, is expected in organs of rats fed copper-deficient diet due to reduced Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity. Our previous studies have shown that the expression of antioxidant enzymes was altered in copper-deficient rat liver. The present report was undertaken to study further the transcription of these enzymes in liver nuclei of rats made copper-deficient for 4 weeks. While copper deficiency decreased the copper in liver by about 80%, it did not alter the copper content in liver nuclei. In spite of a 100% elevation in nuclear iron concentration, Liver nuclei from copper-deficient rats showed normal appearance. The transcriptional rates for Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were not altered by dietary copper deprivation. In contrast, transcriptional rates for Mn-superoxide dismutase and beta-actin were increased but that for catalase was reduced in the nuclei isolated from the copper-deficient rat liver. These results suggest that oxidative stress, resulting from copper deficiency, differentially modulates the gene transcription for the antioxidant enzymes in rat liver. C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PHARMACOL,TOLEDO,OH 43614. MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PATHOL,TOLEDO,OH 43614. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RI Gunning, William/E-4681-2010 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45554] NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00029-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UX134 UT WOS:A1996UX13400014 PM 8818639 ER PT J AU Miller, JW Selhub, J Joseph, JA AF Miller, JW Selhub, J Joseph, JA TI Oxidative damage caused by free radicals produced during catecholamine autoxidation: Protective effects of O-methylation and melatonin SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dopamine; L-dopa; melatonin; autoxidation; O-methylation; Parkinson's disease; oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay; free radicals ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CARCINOGEN SAFROLE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIOXIDANTS; HYPOTHESIS; METABOLISM; SCAVENGER; MELANOMA; DOPA; IRON AB Catecholamine autoxidation produces reactive oxygen species that have been implicated in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal region of the brain that occurs during normal aging and in Parkinson's disease. In the present study, the potential protective effects of catecholamine O-methylation and of melatonin against catecholamine autoxidation-induced protein damage were assessed in vitro using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The rate of oxidation of the fluorescent protein porphyridium cruentum beta-phycoerythrin (beta-PE) caused by the oxidizing agent CuSO4 was shown to be accelerated by addition of the catecholamines dopamine and L-dopa. Replacement of dopamine and L-dopa in the assay with their O-methylated metabolites 3-O-methyldopamine and S-O-methyldopa significantly decreased the rate of beta-PE oxidation. When melatonin was added to the ORAC assay in combination with dopamine or L-dopa, the rate of beta-PE oxidation was decreased as well. These findings were consistent with the following interpretations: (1) O-methylated catecholamines are less susceptible to autoxidation than their nonmethylated precursors, and (2) melatonin, which has recently been shown to be a powerful antioxidant, is capable of scavenging free radicals produced during catecholamine autoxidation. These findings suggest that O-methylation and melatonin may be important components of the brain's antioxidant defenses against catecholamine autoxidation and may protect against consequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration. C1 TUFTS UNIV,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL & NEUROSCI LABS,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MEDFORD,MA 02155. NR 29 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00033-0 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UX134 UT WOS:A1996UX13400015 PM 8818640 ER PT J AU Martin, A Wu, DY Baur, W Meydani, SN Blumberg, JB Meydani, M AF Martin, A Wu, DY Baur, W Meydani, SN Blumberg, JB Meydani, M TI Effect of vitamin E on human aortic endothelial cell responses to oxidative injury SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; oxidative injury; prostacyclin (PGI(2)); interleukin (IL-1); human aortic endothelial cells; free radicals ID PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INHIBITION; INTERLEUKIN-1; SUPEROXIDE; SUPPLEMENTATION; LIPOPROTEINS; PROGRESSION; MONOLAYERS AB Reactive oxygen species produced by the cells present in the arterial wall may cause oxidative damage to cellular components altering endothelial cell (EC) function. Changes in the EC function appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were employed to investigate the protective role of vitamin E upon exposure of endothelial cells to oxidative stress in vitro. HAEC assimilate d-alpha-tocopherol from the media in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of HAEC to 16.5 mM of the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) for 16 h decreased cell viability (assessed by trypan blue exclusion) from 90 to 28%, HAEC preincubated with vitamin E at 15, 30, and 60 mu M prior to the AAPH exposure resulted in a dose-dependent increase in resistance to oxidative stress and increased cell viability by 37, 66, and 85%, respectively, An increase in prostacyclin (PGI,) production by HAEC in response to AAPH exposure was correlated positively with cell damage and negatively with vitamin E concentration. Interleukin (IL)-1 production also increased in parallel with cell damage induced by AAPH. Vitamin E treatment significantly reduced IL-1 production after AAPH exposure, This modulatory role of vitamin E on HAEC function following exposure to an oxidative stress may reflect its antioxidant protection against lipid peroxidation. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1996 VL 21 IS 4 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00118-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA VH624 UT WOS:A1996VH62400011 PM 8886801 ER PT J AU Martin, A Zulueta, J Hassoun, P Blumberg, JB Meydani, M AF Martin, A Zulueta, J Hassoun, P Blumberg, JB Meydani, M TI Effect of vitamin E on hydrogen peroxide production by human vascular endothelial cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE H2O2; hypoxia reoxygenation; alpha-tocopherol; human; endothelial cells; free radicals ID FREE-RADICAL GENERATION; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; MYOCARDIAL INFARCT SIZE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; OXYGEN RADICALS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; SINGLET OXYGEN; NEUTROPHILS AB Changes in oxidative stress status play an important role in tissue injury associated with ischemia-reperfusion events such as those that occur during stroke and myocardial infarction. Endothelial cells (EC) from human saphenous vein and aorta were incubated for 22 h and found to take up vitamin E from media containing 0-60 mM vitamin E in a dose-dependent manner. EC supplemented with 23 or 28 mM vitamin E in the media for 22 h were maintained at normoxia (20% O-2, 5% CO2, and balance N-2) or exposed to hypoxic conditions (3% O-2, 5% CO2, and balance N-2) for 12 h, followed by reoxygenation (20% O-2) for 30 min. Saphenous EC supplemented with 23 mh4 vitamin E produced less (p < 0.05) H2O2 than unsupplemented controls, both at normoxic condition (supplemented: 4.9 +/- 0.05 vs. control: 10.9 +/- 1.3 pmol/min/10(6) cells) and following hypoxia/reoxygenation (supplemented: 6.4 +/- 0.78 vs. control: 17.0 +/- 2.7 nmol/min/10(6) cells). In contrast, aortic EC, which were found to have higher superoxide dismutase and catalase activity than EC from saphenous vein, did not produce any detectable levels of H2O2. Following hypoxia/reoxygenation, the concentration of vitamin E in supplemented saphenous EC was 62% lower than cells maintained at normoxia (0.19 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.12 nmoles/10(6) cells, p < 0.001); in aortic EC vitamin E content was reduced by 18% following reoxygenation (0.86 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.09 nmoles/10(6) cells, p < 0.05). Therefore, enrichment of vitamin E in EC decreases H2O2 production and thus may reduce the injury associated with ischemia-reperfusion events. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Zulueta, Javier/H-5127-2011; OI Zulueta, Javier J./0000-0003-3182-3555 NR 57 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02010-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TM326 UT WOS:A1996TM32600012 PM 8903685 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG Lure, MD AF Fields, M Lewis, CG Lure, MD TI Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, reduces uric acid levels and modifies the signs associated with copper deficiency in rats fed fructose SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE allopurinol; xanthine oxidase; uric acid; free radicals ID OXYGEN-RADICAL INJURY; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; TISSUES; LIVER; HEART; IRON; SURVIVAL; TRIAL AB This study was designed to focus on the potential stress that xanthine oxidase could produce in copper-deficient rats fed fructose. Fructose consumption results in an excess production of uric acid due to an increased degradation of nucleotides. The enzyme xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of both hypoxanthine and xanthine. During the oxidation process free radicals are generated, which in turn, induce lipid peroxidation and premature death. Allopurinol-a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase-could alleviate the combined effects of fructose feeding and copper deficiency. Twenty-five male rats were fed for 4 weeks from weaning a copper deficient or adequate diet containing fructose. Twelve rats were given a daily oral dose of 5 mg allopurinol/100 g b.wt. Two copper-deficient rats that were not treated with allopurinol died prematurely during the fourth week of the study. No mortality occurred in the group of copper-deficient rats that had been treated with allopurinol. Anemia was alleviated by allopurinol, which in turn, could be responsible for improved growth rate. Allopurinol was effective in inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity in vivo as measured by the dramatic reduction of uric acid production. Lipid peroxidation, however, was not affected by allopurinol. It is concluded that the beneficial effects of allopurinol in copper deficiency do not appear to be related to prevention of oxygen radicals, but rather, to the protection against the catabolic destruction of purines, which in turn, increases nucleotide pool. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, LAB METAB & NUTR INTERACT, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02056-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UA293 UT WOS:A1996UA29300012 PM 8904301 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA VillalobosMolina, R Denisova, N Erat, S Cutler, R Strain, J AF Joseph, JA VillalobosMolina, R Denisova, N Erat, S Cutler, R Strain, J TI Age differences in sensitivity to H2O2- or NO-induced reductions in K+-evoked dopamine release from superfused striatal slices: Reversals by PBN or Trolox SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aging; striatum; oxidative stress; dopamine release; Trolox; PBN; NO.; H2O2; free radicals ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR; NITRIC-OXIDE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SENESCENCE; SUPEROXIDE; MEMBRANES; DAMAGE; BRAIN; RAT AB Previous research has indicated that many age-related functional alterations may be the result of a decreased ability of the organism to respond to oxidative stress (OS). However, this hypothesis is based on indirect indices of function (e.g., increased vulnerability of hepatocytes from senescent animals to H2O2-induced DNA damage, increases in lipofuscin accumulation). More direct tests of this hypothesis, especially as it relates to brain aging, have not been extensively undertaken. Present experiments were carried out to make such tests by examining age differences in the sensitivity to OS on reductions in striatal dopamine (DA) release. Thus, K+- evoked DA (K+-ERDA) release from superfused striatal slices from young (6-8 month) and old (24-25 month) animals was examined following either: (a) application of the NO-generator sodium nitroprusside or (b) preincubation with H2O2. in order to assess the specific effects of OS on muscarinic (mAChR) sensitivity, oxotremorine-enhancement of K+-ERDA was examined following incubation with H2O2. Results showed that the striatal tissue from the old animals showed greater sensitivity to both H2O2 and NO than young animals, and stimulated DA decreased at lower concentrations of these agents (e.g., NO-100 mu M young, 30 mu M old). In addition, H2O2 was also effective in reducing oxo-enhanced K+-ERDA and was more effective as a function of age. If the striatal tissue was incubated in either Trolox (alpha-tocopherol) or alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butyl nitrone (PEN) prior to OS, the negative effects of NO. and H2O2 were reversed in both age groups, Results are discussed in terms of age-related membrane and endogenous antioxidant alterations that could induce increases in sensitivity to OS and the specificity of antioxidants in reducing this sensitivity in key functional systems. C1 IPN,CINVESTAV,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MEXICO CITY 14000,DF,MEXICO. NIA,GERONTOL RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ARS,ROOM 919,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1996 VL 20 IS 6 BP 821 EP 830 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02225-2 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UE965 UT WOS:A1996UE96500008 PM 8728030 ER PT B AU Faust, RM AF Faust, RM BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Welcoming remarks SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 AGR RES SERV,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00003 ER PT B AU Landolt, PJ Quilici, S AF Landolt, PJ Quilici, S BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Overview of research on the behavior of fruit flies SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00005 ER PT B AU Mankin, RW Malavasi, A Aquino, C AF Mankin, RW Malavasi, A Aquino, C BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Acoustical comparisons of calling songs from Anastrepha species in Brazil SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00007 ER PT B AU Jang, EB Light, DM AF Jang, EB Light, DM BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Olfactory semiochemicals of tephritids SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE LAB,HILO,HI. NR 0 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 73 EP 90 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00012 ER PT B AU Jang, EB Light, DM AF Jang, EB Light, DM BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Attraction of female Mediterranean fruit flies to identified components of the male-produced pheromone: Qualitative aspects of major, intermediate, and minor components SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00016 ER PT B AU Light, DM Jang, EB AF Light, DM Jang, EB BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Plant volatiles evoke and modulate tephritid behavior SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 123 EP 133 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00017 ER PT B AU Turner, CE AF Turner, CE BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Tephritidae in the biological control of weeds SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00021 ER PT B AU Turner, CE AF Turner, CE BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Tephritid flies in the biological control of yellow starthistle SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00023 ER PT B AU Handler, AM Gomez, SP AF Handler, AM Gomez, SP BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI An analysis of the hobo transposable element for gene-vector development SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00030 ER PT B AU Hennessey, MK Knight, RJ Schnell, RJ AF Hennessey, MK Knight, RJ Schnell, RJ BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Relative resistance of avocado germplasm to Caribbean fruit fly SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00046 ER PT B AU Sivinski, JM AF Sivinski, JM BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI The past and potential of biological control of fruit flies SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 369 EP 375 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00052 ER PT B AU Calkins, CO Ashley, TR Chambers, DL AF Calkins, CO Ashley, TR Chambers, DL BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Implementation of technical and managerial systems for quality control in Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) sterile release programs SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,YAKIMA,WA 98902. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00056 ER PT B AU Vargas, RI AF Vargas, RI BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Suppression of Mediterranean fruit fly populations with SIT in two habitats: A coffee agroecosystem with a braconid parasitoid and a forest with scattered patches of understory coffee SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96804. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 467 EP 470 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00064 ER PT B AU Hallman, GJ Quinlan, M AF Hallman, GJ Quinlan, M BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Synopsis of postharvest quarantine treatment research SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 473 EP 477 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00065 ER PT B AU Gould, WP AF Gould, WP BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Cold treatment, the Caribbean fruit fly, and carambolas SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 489 EP 493 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00068 ER EF