FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wang, GL Warren, R Innes, R Osborne, B Baker, B Ronald, PC AF Wang, GL Warren, R Innes, R Osborne, B Baker, B Ronald, PC TI Construction of an Arabidopsis BAC library and isolation of clones hybridizing with disease-resistance, gene-like sequences SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE BAC; map-based cloning; chromosome walking; disease-resistance genes ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; REPEATED DNA-SEQUENCES; YAC LIBRARY; THALIANA DNA; CLONING; WALKING; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; FRAGMENTS AB A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAG) library consisting of 9,000 clones (representing a 4.5 genome equivalents) with an average DNA insert size of 60 kb was constructed from arabidopsis nuclear DNA. We have demonstrated the usefulness of this library by identifying one BAC clone that hybridizes with the arabidopsis PHYB gene and seven clones, representing four distinct classes, that hybridize to a putative disease-resistance gene. This library represents an additional resource for map-based cloning and physical mapping in arabidopsis. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Innes, Roger/A-5244-2010; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1007/BF02684899 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UZ215 UT WOS:A1996UZ21500006 ER PT J AU Lin, JJ Kuo, J Ma, J Saunders, JA Beard, HS MacDonald, MH Kenworthy, W Ude, GN Matthews, BF AF Lin, JJ Kuo, J Ma, J Saunders, JA Beard, HS MacDonald, MH Kenworthy, W Ude, GN Matthews, BF TI Identification of molecular markers in soybean comparing RFLP, RAPD and AFLP DNA mapping techniques SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; Glycine max; PCR ID GENETIC-MARKERS; LINKAGE MAPS; POLYMORPHISMS; GENOMES; LOCI AB Three different DNA mapping techniques-RFLP, RAPD and AFLP-were used on identical soybean germplasm to compare their ability to identify markers in the development of a genetic linkage map. Polymorphisms present in fourteen different soybean cultivars were demonstrated using all three techniques. AFLP, a novel PCR-based technique, was able to identify multiple polymorphic bands in a denaturing gel using 60 of 64 primer pairs tested. AFLP relies on primers designed in part on sequences for endonuclease restriction sites and on three selective nucleotides. The 60 diagnostic primer pairs tested for AFLP analysis each distinguished on average six polymorphic bands. Using specific primers designed for soybean from Eco RI and Mse I restriction site sequences and three selective nucleotides, as many as 12 polymorphic bands per primer could be obtained with AFLP techniques. Only 35 % of the RAPD reactions identified a polymorphic band using the same soybean cultivars, and in those positive reactions, typically only one or two polymorphic bands per gel were found. Identification of polymorphic bands using RFLP techniques was the most cumbersome, because Southern blotting and probe hybridization were required. Over 50 % of the soybean RFLP probes examined failed to distinguish even a single polymorphic band, and the RFLP probes that did distinguish polymorphic bands seldom identified more than one polymorphic band. We conclude that, among the three techniques tested, AFLP is the most useful. C1 LIFE TECHNOL INC, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877 USA. USDA ARS, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT AGRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 16 TC 85 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 2 BP 156 EP 169 DI 10.1007/BF02684905 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UZ215 UT WOS:A1996UZ21500012 ER PT J AU Ribnicky, DM Cooke, TJ Cohen, JD AF Ribnicky, DM Cooke, TJ Cohen, JD TI The role of auxin in carrot zygotic embryogenesis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400050 ER PT J AU BarkerBridgers, M Jones, AM Ribnicky, DM Lomax, TL Cohen, JD AF BarkerBridgers, M Jones, AM Ribnicky, DM Lomax, TL Cohen, JD TI The diageotropica phenotype - Is it a result of auxin conjugation? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PEMBROKE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,PEMBROKE,NC 28372. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400056 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, JM Vance, CP Russelle, MP AF Blumenthal, JM Vance, CP Russelle, MP TI Nitrogenase activity and nodule amino acid pools are independent of the amount of N-2 fixed. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400073 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Long, SL AF Minocha, R Long, SL TI Role of organic acids and polyamines in aluminum stress in suspension cultures of red spruce SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,DEPT AGR,NEFES,DURHAM,NH 03824. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PLANT BIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400078 ER PT J AU Park, SH Pinson, SRM Smith, RH AF Park, SH Pinson, SRM Smith, RH TI A routine and rapid transformation system for rice using Agrobacterium and the shoot apex SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400095 ER PT J AU Giroux, RW Bushnell, WR Nelson, AJ Lin, KC AF Giroux, RW Bushnell, WR Nelson, AJ Lin, KC TI A transient expression assay for evaluating the effectiveness of introduced host response genes for disease resistance in cereals SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400097 ER PT J AU Springer, NM Starrett, DA Musser, S Gross, KC AF Springer, NM Starrett, DA Musser, S Gross, KC TI PCR amplification and cloning of avocado alpha-galactosidase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CAPE GIRARDEAU,MO 63701. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400105 ER PT J AU HumMusser, S Starrett, DA Springer, NM Gross, KC AF HumMusser, S Starrett, DA Springer, NM Gross, KC TI PCR amplification and cloning of avocado beta-galactosidase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CAPE GIRARDEAU,MO 63701. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400106 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Revear, LG Wells, JM AF Hotchkiss, AT Revear, LG Wells, JM TI Characterization of plant signal compounds responsible for inducing pectate lyase production by soft-rot bacteria SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400113 ER PT J AU Jones, DL Gilroy, S Kochian, LV AF Jones, DL Gilroy, S Kochian, LV TI Effect of aluminum, oxidative, mechanical and anaerobic stress on cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostatis in Arabidopsis root hairs SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLL N WALES,SCH AGR & FOREST SCI,BANGOR LL57 2UW,GWYNEDD,WALES. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14850. RI Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400122 ER PT J AU Saab, IN Sachs, MM AF Saab, IN Sachs, MM TI A flooding-induced xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase in maize is responsive to ethylene and associated with aerenchyma SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 110 EP 110 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400154 ER PT J AU Martin, MNM Slovin, JP AF Martin, MNM Slovin, JP TI Purification of a gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase from soybean seeds that conjugates ACC SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400164 ER PT J AU Garvin, DF Prince, JP Lucas, WJ Kochian, LV AF Garvin, DF Prince, JP Lucas, WJ Kochian, LV TI Regulation of KAT1 activity via K+ starvation and implications for nutrient uptake SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CALIF STATE UNIV FRESNO,DEPT BIOL,FRESNO,CA 93740. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400169 ER PT J AU Fox, TC Radisky, D DeSilva, DM Kaplan, J Kochian, LV AF Fox, TC Radisky, D DeSilva, DM Kaplan, J Kochian, LV TI Investigating molecular and physiological aspects of iron absorption and metabolism in roots of dicotyledonous plants SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV UTAH,DEPT PATHOL,SOM,HSC,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400171 ER PT J AU Papernik, LA Shaff, JE Jones, DL Kochian, LV AF Papernik, LA Shaff, JE Jones, DL Kochian, LV TI Use of vibrating ion selective microelectrodes to study the physiology of heavy metal transport into roots SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400172 ER PT J AU Burke, JJ AF Burke, JJ TI Chlorophyll accumulation can be used as an in vivo indicator of acquired thermotolerance SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400218 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Upchurch, DR AF Mahan, JR Upchurch, DR TI Visualization cf the thermal environment of cotton seedlings relative to the thermal optimum for malate synthase. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79940. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400234 ER PT J AU Burke, JJ AF Burke, JJ TI Selection of acquired thermotolerance mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400237 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Rowland, RA Mulchi, CL Britz, SJ AF Lee, EH Rowland, RA Mulchi, CL Britz, SJ TI Sensitivity of soybean lines to ozone in relation to foliar flavonol glycoside contents grown in open-top chamber SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400252 ER PT J AU Sicher, R Kremer, D AF Sicher, R Kremer, D TI Photosynthetic responses of starchless mutant NS458 of Nicotiana sylvestris during growth in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 210 EP 210 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400254 ER PT J AU Vu, JCV Pennanen, AH Baker, JT Allen, LH Bowes, G Boote, KJ AF Vu, JCV Pennanen, AH Baker, JT Allen, LH Bowes, G Boote, KJ TI Photosynthesis of rice under high CO2 and drought SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT PLANT BIOL,SF-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400259 ER PT J AU Ayad, JY Allen, VG Mahan, JR AF Ayad, JY Allen, VG Mahan, JR TI Effects of seaweed extract on the morphological and biochemical responses of tall fescue to water stress SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 232 EP 232 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400275 ER PT J AU Pennington, RE Adams, RA Tischler, CR Johnson, HB Polley, HW Mayeux, HS Brown, DA AF Pennington, RE Adams, RA Tischler, CR Johnson, HB Polley, HW Mayeux, HS Brown, DA TI Extraction of DNA from woody legumes and analysis by RAPD-PCR SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502. CTR PLANT BIOTECHNOL,GRUVER,TX 79040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 234 EP 234 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400277 ER PT J AU OMahony, PJ Oliver, MJ AF OMahony, PJ Oliver, MJ TI Identification of rehydration specific genes in Sporobolus stapfianus by differential display SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400278 ER PT J AU Burley, KO Wilson, RF Wells, R AF Burley, KO Wilson, RF Wells, R TI Effects of canopy shade on the lipid composition of soybean leaves SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 247 EP 247 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400289 ER PT J AU Knight, JD Allan, DL Vance, CP AF Knight, JD Allan, DL Vance, CP TI Adaptations of white lupin proteoid roots to phosphorus deficiency stress SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA ARS,NCR,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400315 ER PT J AU Irvine, JE Lingle, SE Wiedenfeld, RP AF Irvine, JE Lingle, SE Wiedenfeld, RP TI Interaction of sucrose and cations with juice osmolality in sugarcane SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 278 EP 278 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400320 ER PT J AU Merhaut, DJ Grusak, MA AF Merhaut, DJ Grusak, MA TI Contribution of whole-plant nitrogen metabolism and partitioning to rice grain nitrogen content SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 285 EP 285 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400327 ER PT J AU Marentes, E Stephens, BW Grusak, MA AF Marentes, E Stephens, BW Grusak, MA TI Identification of an iron translocator/putative signal molecule in the phloem of higher plants SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 302 EP 302 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400344 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ AF Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ TI Effects of seed storage proteins on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400350 ER PT J AU Jennings, JC Bailey, BA Anderson, JD AF Jennings, JC Bailey, BA Anderson, JD TI Induced responses of various weed leaves to a protein elicitor from Fusarium oxysporum SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 309 EP 309 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400351 ER PT J AU Lundquist, PO Pawlowski, K Vance, CP AF Lundquist, PO Pawlowski, K Vance, CP TI Carbamoyl phosphate synthase: Sequence analysis and nodule enhanced expression in nitrogen-fixing Alnus incana root nodules SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,6703 HA WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 326 EP 326 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400368 ER PT J AU Ortiz, G Ort, DR AF Ortiz, G Ort, DR TI A point mutation in the Arabidopsis atpC1 gene alters reduction/activation of the CF-ATP synthase. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 330 EP 330 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400371 ER PT J AU Feild, TS Cheeseman, JM Ort, DR AF Feild, TS Cheeseman, JM Ort, DR TI Partitioning of thylakoid electron transport in red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L) leaves SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 338 EP 338 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400379 ER PT J AU Feller, U CraftsBrandner, S Salvucci, M AF Feller, U CraftsBrandner, S Salvucci, M TI Heat treatment inhibits light activation of rubisco by rubisco activase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BERN,INST PLANT PHYSIOL,CH-3013 BERN,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RI Feller, Urs/A-1807-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400387 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME vandeLoo, FJ AF Salvucci, ME vandeLoo, FJ TI Directed mutagenesis of two conserved aspartic acid residues of Rubisco activase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 348 EP 348 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400389 ER PT J AU Kallis, R Portis, AR AF Kallis, R Portis, AR TI Analysis of the Arabidopsis rca mutant complemented with engineered Rubisco activase cDNA altered at an ATP binding site SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH LIFE SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 349 EP 349 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400390 ER PT J AU Bertoni, GP Portis, AR AF Bertoni, GP Portis, AR TI Effect of C-terminal deletions on Rubisco activase function SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400391 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, LB Acock, B AF Pachepsky, LB Acock, B TI Leaf gas exchange of amphystomatous and hypostomatous plants: Comparison with the model 2D leaf SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT BIOL 1,DURHAM,NC 27708. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RSML,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 352 EP 352 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400393 ER PT J AU Echeverria, E Salvucci, M Paris, G Gonzalez, P Salerno, G AF Echeverria, E Salvucci, M Paris, G Gonzalez, P Salerno, G TI Channeling of sucrose-P between SPS and SPP SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. FDN INVEST BIOL APLICADAS,RA-7600 MAR DEL PLATA,ARGENTINA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 377 EP 377 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400417 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Albert, H Moore, P AF Zhu, YJ Albert, H Moore, P TI Correlation of sucrose metabolism enzymes with sucrose storage in stem internodes of sugarcane SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,DEPT GENET & PATHOL,AIEA,HI 96701. USDA ARS,AIEA,HI 96701. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 378 EP 378 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400418 ER PT J AU Carlson, SJ Chourey, PS AF Carlson, SJ Chourey, PS TI Identification of plasma membrane-associated forms of maize sucrose synthase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORENCE,PROGRAM PLANT MOL & CELLULAR BIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 379 EP 379 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400419 ER PT J AU Shatters, RG Wheeler, RA West, SH AF Shatters, RG Wheeler, RA West, SH TI Cloning and tissue specific regulation of Type L and H alpha-1,4-glucan phosphorylases from Digitaria eriantha SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,CGERU,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400425 ER PT J AU Shi, LF Twary, SN Yoshioka, H Miller, SS Gregerson, RG Samac, DA Ganu, JS Unkefer, PJ Vance, CP AF Shi, LF Twary, SN Yoshioka, H Miller, SS Gregerson, RG Samac, DA Ganu, JS Unkefer, PJ Vance, CP TI Characterization of a nodule enhanced asparagine synthetase gene from alfalfa SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NAGOYA UNIV,NAGOYA,AICHI 46101,JAPAN. LYON COLL,DIV NAT SCI,BATESVILLE,AR 72501. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 393 EP 393 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400433 ER PT J AU Trepp, GB vandeMortel, M Samac, DA Gantt, JS Amrhein, N Vance, CP AF Trepp, GB vandeMortel, M Samac, DA Gantt, JS Amrhein, N Vance, CP TI Localization and regulation of the NADH-dependent glutamate synthase in alfalfa root nodules SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. ETH ZURICH,INST PFLANZENWISSENSCH,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 394 EP 394 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400434 ER PT J AU Schoenbeck, MA Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Schoenbeck, MA Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP TI Reduction of nodule-enhanced NADH-glutamate synthase activity in transgenic alfalfa. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 395 EP 395 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400435 ER PT J AU Chen, LS Bush, DR AF Chen, LS Bush, DR TI Molecular analysis of amino acid transporter structure and function SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 431 EP 431 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400471 ER PT J AU Chen, LS Bush, DR AF Chen, LS Bush, DR TI Cloning a lysine amino acid transporter SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 432 EP 432 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400472 ER PT J AU Lu, MYJ Bush, DR AF Lu, MYJ Bush, DR TI Cloning the proton-sucrose symporter from sugar beet SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 433 EP 433 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400473 ER PT J AU Gee, D Anderson, LWJ AF Gee, D Anderson, LWJ TI ABA induced differences during leaf development in the aquatic angiosperm, Potamogeton nodosus, are detected with differential display SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL LAB,WEED SCI PROGRAM,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400486 ER PT J AU Iyer, M Slovin, JP Epstein, E Cohen, JD AF Iyer, M Slovin, JP Epstein, E Cohen, JD TI Indole-3-acetic acid metabolism during fruit ripening and senescence SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 471 EP 471 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400511 ER PT J AU Ilic, N Ostin, A Cohen, JD AF Ilic, N Ostin, A Cohen, JD TI Inhibition of tryptophan-independent indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in sweet corn SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 472 EP 472 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400512 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC AF Suttle, JC TI Role of ethylene in potato microtuber dormancy. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 478 EP 478 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400518 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, K Abbo, S Ueng, PP AF Subramaniam, K Abbo, S Ueng, PP TI Structural characterization and genomic mapping of a root-specific wheat ACC synthase gene SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,DEPT FIELD CROPS VEG & GENET,IL-91905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 480 EP 480 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400520 ER PT J AU Rose, USR Manukian, A Heath, RR Tumlinson, JH AF Rose, USR Manukian, A Heath, RR Tumlinson, JH TI Volatile semiochemicals released from undamaged cotton leaves - A systemic response of living plants to caterpillar damage SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; HOST-PLANT; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; IDENTIFICATION; ALLELOCHEMICALS; MICROHABITAT; ATTRACTION; DEFENSE; CRESSON; MITES AB Cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.), attacked by herbivorous insects release volatile semiochemicals (chemical signals) that attract natural enemies of the herbivores to the damaged plants. We found chemical evidence that volatiles are released not only at the damaged site but from the entire cotton plant. The release of volatiles was detected from upper, undamaged leaves after 2 to 3 d of continuous larval damage on lower leaves of the same plant. Compounds released systemically were (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-beta-ocimene, linalool, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E)-beta-farnesene, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene. All systemically released compounds are known to be induced by caterpillar damage and are not released in significant amounts by undamaged plants. Other compounds, specifically indole, isomeric hexenyl butyrates, and 2-methylbutyrates, known to be released by cotton in response to caterpillar damage, were not released systemically. However, when upper, undamaged leaves of a caterpillar-damaged plant were damaged with a razor blade, they released isomeric hexenyl butyrates, 2-methylbutyrates, and large amounts of constitutive compounds in addition to the previously detected induced compounds. Control plants, damaged with a razor blade in the same way, did not release isomeric hexenyl butyrates or 2-methylbutyrates and released significantly smaller amounts of constitutive compounds. Indole was not released systemically, even after artificial damage. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 37 TC 183 Z9 199 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 BP 487 EP 495 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UQ545 UT WOS:A1996UQ54500017 ER PT J AU Yermiyahu, U Nir, S BenHayyim, G Kafkafi, U Kinraide, T AF Yermiyahu, U Nir, S BenHayyim, G Kafkafi, U Kinraide, T TI Root elongation in saline solution of two melon cultivars related to calcium binding to root cell plasma membranes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,IL-91010 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. VOLCANI CTR,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 494 EP 494 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400534 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Weete, JD AF Dayan, FE Weete, JD TI Mechanism of tolerance to a novel phenyl triazolinone herbicide SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 498 EP 498 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400538 ER PT J AU Obenland, DM Margosan, DA Houck, LG Aung, LH AF Obenland, DM Margosan, DA Houck, LG Aung, LH TI Examination of the relationship between essential oils and chilling injury in lemon SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 502 EP 502 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400542 ER PT J AU Sherman, TD Lax, AR Cary, JW AF Sherman, TD Lax, AR Cary, JW TI Molecular characterization of polyphenol oxidase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. UNIV S ALABAMA,DEPT BIOL SCI,MOBILE,AL 36688. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 531 EP 531 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400570 ER PT J AU Gustine, DL Hulce, DA Moyer, BG Sherwood, RT AF Gustine, DL Hulce, DA Moyer, BG Sherwood, RT TI The gene for a small Rab7-related GTP-binding protein is expressed in apomictic and sexual buffelgrass SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,PSWMRL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. LOCK HAVEN UNIV,LOCK HAVEN,PA 17745. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 535 EP 535 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400574 ER PT J AU Chen, HJ Starrett, DA Zhou, DB Tucker, ML Gross, KC AF Chen, HJ Starrett, DA Zhou, DB Tucker, ML Gross, KC TI Rhamnogalacturonase A from Botrytis cinerea: Gene cloning and characterization SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400576 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, JC Heutte, TM Owens, LD AF Ingersoll, JC Heutte, TM Owens, LD TI Effect of promoter-leader sequences on transient expression of reporter gene constructs biolistically transferred into sugarbeet suspension cells SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PMBL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 562 EP 562 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400601 ER PT J AU Plank, D Plaisance, K Gengenbach, B Gronwald, J AF Plank, D Plaisance, K Gengenbach, B Gronwald, J TI Multi-functional and multi-subunit acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylases in soybean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 587 EP 587 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400626 ER PT J AU Degenhardt, J Larsen, PB Kochian, LV Howell, SH AF Degenhardt, J Larsen, PB Kochian, LV Howell, SH TI Characterization and cloning of a gene that confers increased resistance to aluminum in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400634 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA AF Grusak, MA TI The dgl and brz iron-hyperaccumulating pea mutants: A genetic re-evaluation SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 596 EP 596 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400635 ER PT J AU Redinbaugh, MG Campbell, WH AF Redinbaugh, MG Campbell, WH TI The effect of nitrate on oxidative pentose phosphate pathway dehydrogenases in maize roots. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 611 EP 611 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400650 ER PT J AU Berhow, MA Ledbetter, C AF Berhow, MA Ledbetter, C TI Phenylpropanoid fingerprinting of plum-apricot hybrids SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 622 EP 622 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400661 ER PT J AU Turley, RB Ferguson, DL AF Turley, RB Ferguson, DL TI Protein profiles of cotton ovules during fiber initiation SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 649 EP 649 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400688 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DL Turley, RB Kloth, RH AF Ferguson, DL Turley, RB Kloth, RH TI A gamma-TIP-like protein from upland cotton SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 650 EP 650 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400689 ER PT J AU Triplett, BA AF Triplett, BA TI Inhibition of fiber development in cotton ovule cultures by alpha-amanitin SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES SERV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 651 EP 651 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400690 ER PT J AU Durso, NA Vaughn, KC AF Durso, NA Vaughn, KC TI Microtubule recovery from mitotic disrupter herbicide in fern spermatogenous cells SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 658 EP 658 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400697 ER PT J AU Hatfield, RD Andrewartha, K Stone, BA AF Hatfield, RD Andrewartha, K Stone, BA TI SDS solubilized lignin complexes from alfalfa stems SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. LA TROBE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 667 EP 667 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400705 ER PT J AU Pesacreta, TC Carlson, L Triplett, BA Groom, LH AF Pesacreta, TC Carlson, L Triplett, BA Groom, LH TI Characterization of several plant cell will structures with the atomic force microscope. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV SW LOUISIANA,LAFAYETTE,LA 70504. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 669 EP 669 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400713 ER PT J AU Rastogi, R Muhitch, MJ AF Rastogi, R Muhitch, MJ TI Isolation of putative glutamine synthetase clones from a maize (Zea mays L) cDNA library prepared using 15 day post pollination pedicels SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT AGENTS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 731 EP 731 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400769 ER PT J AU Giroux, MJ Bettge, AD Morris, CF AF Giroux, MJ Bettge, AD Morris, CF TI Relationship of the LMW Triton proteins of wheat with grain hardness SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FACIL E E202,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 738 EP 738 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400776 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB Suyenaga, K AF Altenbach, SB Suyenaga, K TI Analysis of transcript levels of individual LMW and HMW glutenin genes in developing wheat seeds by RT-PCR SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 740 EP 740 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400778 ER PT J AU Stephens, BW Marentes, E Grusak, MA AF Stephens, BW Marentes, E Grusak, MA TI Iron import and storage in developing pea seeds SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 742 EP 742 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400780 ER PT J AU Seals, DF Vigil, EL Randall, SK AF Seals, DF Vigil, EL Randall, SK TI Drought stress affects expression of vacuolar proteins in cotton embryos SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 746 EP 746 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400784 ER PT J AU Dupont, FM Chan, R AF Dupont, FM Chan, R TI Effects of high growing temperature on accumulation of several proteins during development of wheat endosperm. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 747 EP 747 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400791 ER PT J AU Hurkman, WJ Bernardin, JE Combs, A DuPont, FM AF Hurkman, WJ Bernardin, JE Combs, A DuPont, FM TI A 70 kD heat shock protein accumulates in wheat grains exposed to high temperature SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 748 EP 748 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400786 ER PT J AU Vanderwoude, WJ Rose, LP AF Vanderwoude, WJ Rose, LP TI Gabaculine inhibition of phytochrome synthesis in dormant lettuce seeds and embryos SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,NAT RESOURCES INST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 749 EP 749 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400787 ER PT J AU Muhitch, MJ Shatters, RG AF Muhitch, MJ Shatters, RG TI Development of a transient expression assay system using maize (Zea mays L) kernels grown in vitro SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,BIOACT AGENTS RES UNIT,USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. ARS,USDA,DEPT AGRON,UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 753 EP 753 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400797 ER PT J AU Miernyk, JA Zhou, R Kroczynska, B AF Miernyk, JA Zhou, R Kroczynska, B TI Arabidopsis homologues of the E-coli DNAJ chaperone protein. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 766 EP 766 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400804 ER PT J AU Kroczynska, B Miernyk, JA AF Kroczynska, B Miernyk, JA TI ATE1, an Arabidopsis homologue of the bacterial GRPE protein? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 767 EP 767 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400805 ER PT J AU Snyder, GW Ingersoll, JC Owens, LD AF Snyder, GW Ingersoll, JC Owens, LD TI Biolistic-mediated transformation of sugarbeet with novel plant pathogen defense genes. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,PMBL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 775 EP 775 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400813 ER PT J AU McNally, JG Conchello, JA AF McNally, JG Conchello, JA TI The green fluorescent protein gene must be modified for use as a vital marker in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MRC,MOLEC BIOL LAB,DIV CELL BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. MRC,UNIT PROT ENGN & DESIGN,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. USDA,OTIS METHODS DEV CTR,OTIS,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 SU S BP 11001 EP 11001 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR534 UT WOS:A1996UR53400025 ER PT J AU Mithofer, A Bhagwat, AA Feger, M Ebel, J AF Mithofer, A Bhagwat, AA Feger, M Ebel, J TI Suppression of fungal beta-glucan-induced plant defence in soybean (Glycine max L) by cyclic 1,3-1,6-beta-glucans from the symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Bradyrhizobium; bacterial/fungal 1,3-1,beta-glucans; elicitor; Glycine; phytoalexins; beta-Glucanbinding sites ID HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; GLUCOSIDE PHYTOALEXIN ELICITOR; HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; GLYCEOLLIN-I; FRACTIONS; MEMBRANES; RHIZOBIUM; PROTEIN; SOLUBILIZATION AB The production of antimicrobial phytoalexins is one of the best-known inducible defence responses following microbial infection of plants or treatment with elicitors. In the legume soybean (Glycine max L.), 1,3-1,6-beta-glucans derived from the fungal pathogen Phytophthora sojae have been identified as potent elicitors of the synthesis of the phytoalexin, glyceollin. Recently it has been reported that during symbiotic interaction between soybean and the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Brady- rhizobium 12 japonicum USDA 110 the bacteria synthesize cyclic 1,3-1,6-beta-glucans. Here we demonstrate that both the fungal and the bacterial beta-glucans are ligands of beta-glucan-binding sites which are putative receptors for the elicitor signal compounds in soybean roots. Whereas the fungal beta-glucans stimulate phytoalexin synthesis at low concentrations, the bacterial cyclic 1,3-1,6-beta-glucans appear to be inactive even at relatively high concentrations. Competition studies indicate that increasing concentrations of the bacterial 1,3-1:6-beta-glucans progressively inhibit stimulation of phytoalexin synthesis in a bioassay induced by the fungal 1,3-1,6-beta-glucans. Another type of cyclic beta-glucan, a 1,2-beta-glucan from Rhizobium meliloti, that does not nodulate on soybean, seems to be inactive as elicitor and as ligand of the beta-glucan-binding sites. These results may indicate a novel mechanism for a successful plant-symbiont interaction by suppressing the plant's defence response. C1 UNIV MUNICH, INST BOT, D-80638 MUNICH, GERMANY. USDA ARS, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT AGRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 29 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 1996 VL 199 IS 2 BP 270 EP 275 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UQ034 UT WOS:A1996UQ03400012 ER PT J AU Fennell, MJ Radecki, SV Proudman, JA Scanes, CG AF Fennell, MJ Radecki, SV Proudman, JA Scanes, CG TI The suppressive effects of testosterone on growth in young chickens appears to be mediated via a peripheral androgen receptor; Studies of the anti-androgen ICI 176,334 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; anti-androgen; growth ID PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; HORMONE; 5-ALPHA-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE; 19-NORTESTOSTERONE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; BINDING; TURKEYS AB ICI 176,334 is a nonsteroidal anti-androgen that has been shown to selectively block peripheral androgen receptors in rats and is presumed to do so in chickens. In chickens, androgens stimulate secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., comb), but inhibit growth and the immune tissues. The present study examined the effect of dietary ICI 176,334 (5 or 25 mg/kg body weight) on growth in chickens in the presence or absence of testosterone treatment (as l-cm long silastic implants). Treatments began at 2 wk of age and continued through 6 wk of age. Testosterone alone reduced body growth (average daily gain and shank-toe length, together with weights of the body, skeletal muscle, and the bursa of Fabricius, an immune tissue), and stimulated comb development. At the low dose (5 mg/kg), ICI 176,334 alone had no effect on body growth or organ weight with the exception that comb weight was reduced. At the high dose (25 mg/kg), ICI 176,334 decreased growth (body weight, average daily gain, and shank-toe length) and organ weights (breast muscle, bursa of Fabricius, testis, and comb weights). This effect may represent a toxicity. As might be expected with an anti-androgen, ICI 176,334 (at either 5 or 25 mg/kg) completely suppressed the stimulation of comb growth evoked by testosterone. Similarly, ICI 176,334 (5 mg/kg) overcame, albeit partially, the growth-suppressive effects of testosterone (on body weight, average daily gain, shank-toe length, and breast muscle weight) and also had inhibitory effects on the weights of the testis and bursa of Fabricius. The anti-androgen, ICI 176,334, did not influence the reduction in circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone occurring after testosterone treatment. The present data are consistent with the growth-suppressive effects of testosterone in chickens being mediated via a peripheral androgen receptor. No effects of either testosterone or ICI 176,334 were observed on circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I despite the marked changes in growth rate. C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMET PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Fennell, MJ (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 6 BP 763 EP 766 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UP264 UT WOS:A1996UP26400013 PM 8737842 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM Thistlethwaite, D Donoghue, DJ Kirby, JD AF Donoghue, AM Thistlethwaite, D Donoghue, DJ Kirby, JD TI A new method for rapid determination of sperm concentration in turkey semen SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sperm concentration; turkey; hemacytometer; photometer AB The routine determination of sperm concentration not only provides a measure of semen quality but also supplies a means of delivering precise sperm numbers in modern artificial insemination (Al) programs. Methods for estimating sperm numbers in laboratory settings (e.g., hemacytometer) are not practical for use in breeding facilities. A microprocessor-controlled semen analyzer (Densimeter, Model 534-B-Mod1, Animal Reproductive Systems) is commercially available for evaluating stallion semen. We calibrated and modified the semen analyzer to determine sperm concentration in turkey semen and to provide information on the required dilution for a constant Al dose. To calibrate the semen analyzer for turkeys, six samples of pooled semen (10 toms per sample) were collected by abdominal massage. A dilution curve of undiluted and 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10 diluted semen was established using Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender. Sperm concentration in diluted samples was determined by hemacytometer counts. The hemacytometer counts were used to develop an equation for estimating sperm concentration from the semen analyzer's absorbance readings and the equation programmed into the instrument. The newly developed program on the semen analyzer was subsequently validated by comparing instrument values for sperm concentrations with concurrent hemacytometer counts, which compared well to concentrations determined by a previously calibrated photoelectric colorimeter (Klett). Correlation coefficients between the semen analyzer and hemacytometer counts and the Klett and hemacytometer counts were r = 0.996 and r = 0.992, respectively (P < 0.001). The semen analyzer method was accurate and precise and could be beneficial to commercial turkey AI programs because it is easy to use, requires limited technological skills, and provides results for determining sperm concentration and AI dose in similar to 1 min. C1 ANIM REPROD SYST,CHINO,CA 91710. US FDA,BIOCHEM PHARMACOL BRANCH,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BARC E BLDG 262,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 6 BP 785 EP 789 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UP264 UT WOS:A1996UP26400016 PM 8737845 ER PT J AU Lyon, BG Lyon, CE AF Lyon, BG Lyon, CE TI Texture evaluations of cooked, diced broiler breast samples by sensory and mechanical methods SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE texture; sensory; shear; Warner-Bratzler; Allo-Kramer ID SHEAR PRESS; MEAT; TENDERNESS AB The texture of cooked chicken breast is usually determined on intact pieces or strips that are representative of the muscle. Researchers emphasize the importance of uniformity of sample size and orientation of fibers to the shearing blades to ensure consistent data from instruments such as shear devices. For sensory evaluations, sample pieces of chicken breasts presented to panelists are often sized as single 2-cm(2) or several 1-cm(2) pieces. In this study, two sensory and two mechanical procedures were evaluated for efficacy in discerning texture differences in 1-cm(2) pieces of cooked chicken. Three postmortem deboning times (2, 6, and 24 h) provided a texture quality spectrum. Sensory characteristics were evaluated by descriptive analysis-trained panel (DA-TP) and by category scales-untrained panel (CS-UP). Twenty-gram breast portions of 1-cm(2) pieces were evaluated using a multi-blade Allo-Kramer (AK) shear blade. Warner-Bratzler (WE) shear values of intact 1.9-cm-wide strips were also recorded. Discriminant analysis classification based on CS-UP gave higher error rates (probabilities of misclassification) than classification based on DA-TP. The CS-UP error rates were 0.36 (tender) and 0.65 (juiciness). The error rate of classification by DA-TP was 0.21. Error rates for classification by mechanical devices were 0.30 for WE and 0.21 for AK. Sample size is a consideration in texture evaluation protocols. Smaller sample pieces appear to mask differences in initial chew characteristics and in juiciness that are due to deboning time. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 6 BP 813 EP 819 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UP264 UT WOS:A1996UP26400021 ER PT J AU Ferretti, A Flanagan, VP AF Ferretti, A Flanagan, VP TI Antithromboxane activity of dietary alpha-linolenic acid: A pilot study SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article ID SATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; CANOLA OIL; REDUCES EXCRETION; FISH-OIL; MEN; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; LIPOPROTEINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; PLATELET AB Two decades of research conclusively demonstrated the antithrombotic properties of the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present in lipids from marine fishes. Most American consumers, however, given their preference for meat, will not realize the benefits of a fish-rich diet. Could alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) be similarly effective via modulation of the synthesis of vasoactive eicosanoids, i.e., thromboxane and prostacyclin? The present pilot study is a contribution toward answering this question. We determined that the urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B-2 declined by 34% from baseline level 7 weeks after the n-6/n-3 ratio of dietary PUFA was reduced from 28:1 to 1:1. The excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-prostaglandin F-1 alpha was similarly affected. The dietary adjustment was brought about by substituting measured amounts of canola and flaxseed oils (3:1) for measured amounts of olive and corn oils (3:1) in an otherwise fat-free basal diet. This study demonstrates that dietary alpha-linolenic acid is an effective modulator of thromboxane and prostacyclin biosynthesis. Therefore, we can expect that the eicosanoid-mediated effects of alpha-linolenic acid are similar to those elicited by marine lipids. RP Ferretti, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD JUN PY 1996 VL 54 IS 6 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1016/S0952-3278(96)90030-7 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA VH584 UT WOS:A1996VH58400009 PM 8888358 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA Maxwell, WMC Dobrinsky, JR Welch, GR AF Johnson, LA Maxwell, WMC Dobrinsky, JR Welch, GR TI Staining sperm for viability assessment SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation CY AUG, 1995 CL FAL, INST TIERZUCHT & TIERVERHALTEN, MARIENSEE, GERMANY HO FAL, INST TIERZUCHT & TIERVERHALTEN ID BOAR SPERMATOZOA; FERTILIZING-CAPACITY; SEX PRESELECTION; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; FROZEN; INSEMINATION; SYBR-14; SEMEN; DNA C1 UNIV SYDNEY,DEPT ANIM SCI,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA VE176 UT WOS:A1996VE17600005 ER PT J AU Liebhold, A Kamata, N Jacob, T AF Liebhold, A Kamata, N Jacob, T TI Cyclicity and synchrony of historical outbreaks of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motschulsky) in Japan SO RESEARCHES ON POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclicity; synchrony; time series; spectral analysis; autocorrelation function; Markov model ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; POPULATION-CYCLES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS; LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH AB Historical records of the incidence of defoliation caused by the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motschulsky) in northern Japanese prefectures from 1910-1993 were used to characterize the cyclicity and synchrony of outbreaks. Cyclicity and synchrony were quantified using standard Box-Jenkins time series methods as well as spectral analysis and simple Markov models. Statistical analysis of these records indicated the presence of quasi-periodic behavior with 8-11 yr between outbreaks. Outbreaks tended to occur synchronously among different prefectures, though the onset of outbreaks was typically lagged. This study illustrates the use of specific statistical methods for characterizing cyclicity and synchrony from crude records of the presence/absence of outbreaks. C1 TOHOKU RES CTR, FORESTRY & FOREST PROD RES INST, MORIOKA, IWATE 02001, JAPAN. US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA. RP US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, 180 CANFIELD ST, MORGANTOWN, WV 26505 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Kamata, Naoto/0000-0002-8818-6991 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0034-5466 J9 RES POPUL ECOL JI Res. Popul. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1007/BF02514974 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VE183 UT WOS:A1996VE18300010 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Nachman, P Estell, RE Ruekgauer, T Havstad, KM Fredrickson, EL Murray, LW AF Anderson, DM Nachman, P Estell, RE Ruekgauer, T Havstad, KM Fredrickson, EL Murray, LW TI The potential of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of sheep feces to determine diet botanical composition SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diets; sheep; fecal samples; laser-induced fluorescence (LIF); botanical composition ID GREEN PLANTS; REFLECTANCE; TERRESTRIAL; HERBIVORES; STRESS AB Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) peaks near 470 nm ('blue') and 650 nm ('red') from sheep feces treated with chloroform (CHCl3) displayed spectral signatures that varied with diet. Fecal samples were obtained rectally over 3 days in a replicated study consisting of four diets (treatments) fed to 16 Polypay and Polypay x Rambouillet lambs (four lambs per treatment). Basal diet consisted of tobosa (Pleuraphis mutica Buckley [formally Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth,] hay with 0% (control), 10%, 20% or 30% tarbush (Flourensia cernua D.C.) added on a dry matter basis. Feces were dried at 60 degrees C, treated with chloroform and the extract from both crushed and intact fecal material was then excited by laser input at 355 nm. Tarbush leaves gave LIF only in the blue region of the spectrum. However, tobosa hay and all fecal pellets produced a bimodal LIF spectral distribution with a lower, broader peak feature in the blue region and a narrower well defined taller feature in the red region of the spectrum, Chloroform did not exhibit fluorescence peaks between 400 nm and 800 nm, As tarbush in the diet increased, so did the magnitude of counts in the blue region of the spectrum, The LIF red/blue intensity ratios appear to be more reliable than actual counts in differentiating feces of sheep fed tobosa diets containing differing amounts of tarbush. Red/blue ratios decreased (P < 0.05) linearly (P < 0.005) for both crushed and intact sheep fecal pellets as the tarbush/tobosa ratio in the diet increased, Inconsistencies in count amplitudes and wavelengths in either one or both regions (red or blue) of the spectrum and in red/blue ratios (especially on Day 3 for crushed fecal samples) are discussed in terms of sample preparation procedures and sampling days. Our results suggest that further testing of the LIF technique is warranted using diets consisting of several species. C1 USA,RES LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,DEPT 3JER,BOC 30003,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JUN 1 PY 1996 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00817-9 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UQ988 UT WOS:A1996UQ98800001 ER PT J AU Fouly, HM Wilkinson, HT Domier, LL AF Fouly, HM Wilkinson, HT Domier, LL TI Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for identification of Gaeumannomyces species SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TAKE-ALL FUNGUS; PHIALOPHORA COMPLEX; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; GRAMINIS; PCR; WHEAT; BERMUDAGRASS; MARKERS AB Randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) were used to distinguish among isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, G. g. var. graminis, G. g. var. avenae, G. incrustans, and G. cylindrosporous. Of 60 random sequence decamer primers tested, 28 produced bands and 15 showed evidence of polymorphism. Four primers produced DNA amplification patterns that were used to distinguish G. graminis, G. incrustans, and G. cylindrosporous. Banding patterns were similar within isolates of G. g. var. tritici, G. g. var. avenae and G. incrustans. G. g. var. graminis showed greater variability in banding patterns. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA) indicated that G. g. var. tritici isolates were more closely related to G. g. var. avenae than to G. g. var. graminis isolates. The results of our study showed that RAPD markers can be used to confirm the identification of Gaeumannomyces species and varieties. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 28 IS 6 BP 703 EP 710 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(95)00167-0 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UW424 UT WOS:A1996UW42400001 ER PT J AU Isensee, AR Sadeghi, AM AF Isensee, AR Sadeghi, AM TI Effect of tillage reversal on herbicide leaching to groundwater SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; SOIL; ATRAZINE; INFILTRATION; MACROPORE; CYANAZINE; TRANSPORT; ALACHLOR; RUNOFF; WATER AB Studies have demonstrated greater pesticide leaching to groundwater under well established no-till (NT) than under conventional-till (CT), Increased leaching in NT is thought to be caused by preferential transport through macropores,The time required for preferential pathways to develop or dissipate when tillage of well established NT and CT are reversed is unclear, Therefore, a S-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of reversing the tillage of 7-year-old NT and CT plots on the leaching of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide and cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile) to groundwater, Groundwater samples were taken monthly before (January 1992 to April 1993) and after (May 1993 to December 1994) tillage reversal and analyzed for the herbicides. Atrazine concentrations in groundwater ranged from 0.15 to 8.9 mu g L(-1) and 0.07 to 4.9 mu g L(-1) under NT and CT, respectively, from January 1994 to July 1993 (before tillage reversal to three months after). Concentrations averaged 2.5 times (1.1 to 5) higher under NT than CT at each sampling, Atrazine levels were identical for both tillages from September 1993 to before herbicide application in May 1994, From June through December 1994, atrazine levels were again higher under NT than CT, but differences were smaller than before tillage reversal, Alachlor and cyanazine concentrations were consistently higher under NT than CT for all 3 years and decreased to nondetectable levels within 3 months of application, Results confirm that NT increases herbicide leaching compared with CT and that several years are required for preferential pathways to develop under NT. RP Isensee, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,NAT RESOURCES INST,BLDG 050,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 161 IS 6 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1097/00010694-199606000-00005 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UR232 UT WOS:A1996UR23200005 ER PT J AU Sadeghi, AM Isensee, AR AF Sadeghi, AM Isensee, AR TI Impact of reversing tillage practices on movement and dissipation of atrazine in soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; INFILTRATION; PESTICIDES; MACROPORES; WATER AB Field studies comparing the fate of herbicides under various tillage practices have attributed the observed differences in herbicide leaching to tillage effects, It is not clear whether observed herbicide behavior is caused by tillage practice alone rather than inherent variations associated with individual tillage treatment plots, Therefore, the objective of this field study was to evaluate the effect of reversing the tillage of 7-year-old no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) field plots on the leaching patterns and dissipation of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] in soil, No-till and CT field plots, established in 1986, were reversed in 1993 prior to corn planting, Atrazine concentrations were determined in the crop residue and in the top 50 cm of soil from both tillage systems 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after application in 1992 (before tillage reversal) and in 1993 and 1994 (after tillage reversal), An average of 1.5 to 2 times more atrazine was recovered in the surface 10 cm of soil under CT than under NT in all 3 years, This difference was attributable to the interception of atrazine by crop residue in the NT plots, regardless of tillage reversal (73, 44, and 58% intercepted in 1992, 1993, and 1994, respectively), The continuation of trends for more atrazine in the topsoil of CT plots than in NT plots after tillage reversal indicated the importance of crop residue on interception of the atrazine spray, Differences in atrazine means between NT and CT plots in the 0 to 10-cm soil depth 2 weeks after application were significant only in 1993 and 1994 at the 80% confidence intervals,This was primarily caused by a decrease in the variability of atrazine residue levels in the new CT plots (after tillage reversal) rather than to an increase in the magnitude of the differences between the means, Tillage probably resulted in both a more homogeneous distribution of organic matter within the top soil profile and disruption of the macropores in the new CT plots, resulting in a more uniform distribution of atrazine residues. RP Sadeghi, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES INST,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BARC W,BLDG 050,RM 105,10300 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 161 IS 6 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1097/00010694-199606000-00006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UR232 UT WOS:A1996UR23200006 ER PT J AU Fryrear, DW Saleh, A AF Fryrear, DW Saleh, A TI Wind erosion: Field length SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB As the wind passes over eroding soil surfaces, the quantity of soil transported by wind between the soil surface and 2 m above the surface increases until the wind stream becomes saturated,The relationship between field length and the mass transported was used to test a transport model that has the form of a sigmoid curve, At the upwind portion of the field, the rate of increase in mass being transported is limited by the emission rate from the soil surface, The mathematics of the sigmoid equation implies that when 63% of the maximum transport capacity of the wind has been satisfied (field length at this point is called critical field length), the rate of increase in transport mass gradually decreases and approaches zero when the wind is saturated with soil particles, From the instrumented field sites, a maximum transport rate of 1231 kg/m width and average soil losses of 7.801 kg/m(2) were measured from a single event on a 2.6-ha field at Elkhart, Kansas, Critical field length varied from 31 to 129 m, depending on wind velocity and field conditions, Field mass transport data supports that a self-balancing mechanism of momentum extraction from the surface wind by accelerating soil particles and the associated shear stress reduction will limit the quantity of material that can be transported between the soil surface and a height of 2 meters. RP Fryrear, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,WIND EROS MANAGEMENT UNIT,POB 909,BIG SPRING,TX 79721, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 161 IS 6 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1097/00010694-199606000-00007 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UR232 UT WOS:A1996UR23200007 ER PT J AU Wang, D Lowery, B Norman, JM McSweeney, K AF Wang, D Lowery, B Norman, JM McSweeney, K TI Ant burrow effects on water flow and soil hydraulic properties of Sparta sand SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ant burrows; macropores; tension infiltrometer; irrigation; tillage ID TENSION INFILTROMETER; FORAGING ECOLOGY; INFILTRATION; MACROPOROSITY; MESOPOROSITY AB Macropores generally have a significant influence on soil hydrologic processes, Ants create large burrows that may function as macropores, thus creating a potential for rapid movement of a water and water-soluble chemicals in soil. This study was conducted to characterize the impact of ant burrows on hydraulic properties of a Sparta sand (uncoated, mesic Typic Quartzipsamments), and to determine the potential for preferential flow of water in these macropores. We measured steady-state water flux in areas with and without ant burrows, using a tension infiltrometer, in no-till (NT) and moldboard-plow (MP) maize (Zea mays L.) plots. The results from these measurements were used to estimate hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil, K-s, soil macroporosity, phi(m)(r), and macroscopic mean pore radius, r(c). Because, during a rain or irrigation event, only those ant burrows that open to the soil surface would contribute to water flow, we also monitored the impact of sprinkler irrigation on the number of burrow openings. Macropores created by ant burrowing activities did not contribute significantly to water flow in this sandy soil, and they had little effect on K-s, phi(m)(r), and r(c) in either NT or MP plots. One of the main reasons for the lack of burrow effect on water flow was that the burrow openings tended to close during an irrigation or rain event, We found that 80% of the total burrows in a given area closed after the application of 5 mm of irrigation; however, 80% of these were reopened within 2 h. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,PHYS & PESTICIDE RES UNIT,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 2-3 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(96)01006-9 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UT025 UT WOS:A1996UT02500001 ER PT J AU Williams, JR Tanaka, DL AF Williams, JR Tanaka, DL TI Economic evaluation of topsoil loss in spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains, USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; fertilizer; topsoil value; spring wheat ID EROSION AB Relationships among topsoil removal treatments and additions of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on dryland spring wheat yields in a wheat-fallow rotation were used to determine the on-site effects of topsoil loss and fertilizer applications on net returns and to estimate the value of soil. Yields estimated from a production function and corresponding net returns for spring wheat under alternative soil loss levels and fertilization rates were examined. A numerical optimization routine was used to determine the most efficient levels of fertilizer applications for farm managers at various levels of soil loss. The value of soil in spring wheat production was derived by estimating the accumulated discounted values of production from land without soil loss versus land with soil loss over various planning horizons. Production function estimates indicated that, when all variables were at their mean values and soil loss was varied, the first centimeter of soil loss reduced wheat yield from 1719 kg ha(-1) to 1709 kg ha(-1), whereas the last centimeter of loss reduced yield from 1362 kg ha(-1) to 1331 kg ha(-1). Each additional centimeter of soil loss increased the yield loss. The economic analysis indicates that the optimum amount of N and P that should be applied increases with each increment of soil loss. Fertilizer reduces yield loss to some extent, but net returns continue to decline as soil loss increases. This result confirms that N and P fertilizers are imperfect economic substitutes for soil, Estimated soil values are a function of the farm manager's planning horizon and the natural soil erosion rate. If erosion is occurring at a rate of 44.8 Mg ha(-1) year(-1), the value of soil ranges from $59.33 ha(-1) for a planning horizon of 20 years to $305.48 ha(-1) for a planning horizon of 68 years. The equivalent level annuity values of these estimates are $3.99 ha(-1) year(-1) and $10.58 ha(-1) year(-1), respectively. C1 USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES LAB,MANDAN,ND. RP Williams, JR (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,WATER HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(95)01003-3 PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UT025 UT WOS:A1996UT02500002 ER PT J AU Elzen, GW AF Elzen, GW TI Evaluation of beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) tolerance to insecticides and response to IGR's SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; GROWTH-REGULATORS; RESISTANCE; SYNERGISM; LARVAE; TOXICITY AB Various insecticides were tested for their effect on beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner, populations collected in 1988 and 1993 using a spray chamber bioassay. A new insecticidal pyrrole was the most effective material tested and produced 100% mortality of S. exigua larvae at 72 h post-treatment. Less effective treatments for S. exigua were organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Pyrethroids tested provided poor control. Interactions with insect growth regulators were also examined. Application of fenoxycarb and diflubenzuron produced low larval mortality. However, these materials, particularly in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, resulted in mortality throughout the life cycle which approached the level obtained with the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos alone. RP Elzen, GW (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UY323 UT WOS:A1996UY32300003 ER PT J AU Burd, JD Elliott, NC Reed, DK AF Burd, JD Elliott, NC Reed, DK TI Effects of the aphicides 'Gaucho' and CGA-215944 on feeding behavior and tritrophic interactions of Russian wheat aphids SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA; BARLEY; RESISTANT; SYSTEM; DAMAGE AB The effect of low concentrations of the systemic aphicides CGA 215944 and Gaucho(R) (imidacloprid) on the feeding behavior of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on wheat was evaluated using electronic feeding monitors. Aphids began surviving 15 days after treatment with CGA 215944 (soil drench, 10 g AI/liter) and 45 days after planting on plants grown from seed treated with Gaucho (1 fluid oz/cwt). Following these periods of acute toxicity, CGA 215944 exhibited antifeedant effects on D. noxia that were expressed by changes in the frequency and duration of different feeding behaviors. Aphids on plants treated with CGA 215944 spent significantly more time in nonprobing activities and had a much higher frequency of leaf penetration, followed by significantly shorter periods of phloem ingestion. Immediately after the period of acute aphid toxicity, there were no substantial carryover effects from CGA 215944 or Gaucho on the tritrophic relationship between host plant, D. noxia, and Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh. RP Burd, JD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UY323 UT WOS:A1996UY32300006 ER PT J AU Burd, JD Webster, JA Puterka, GJ Hoxie, RP Wellso, SG AF Burd, JD Webster, JA Puterka, GJ Hoxie, RP Wellso, SG TI Effect of Russian wheat aphid on constituent nonstructural carbohydrate content in wheat seedlings SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; COLD HARDINESS; FRUCTAN; HOMOPTERA; SUCROSE; METABOLISM; TRITICALE; DAMAGE; STRESS; BARLEY AB The effect of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on nonstructural carbohydrate constituents and their partitioning patterns for 'TAM W-101' winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were studied using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Total nonstructural carbohydrate levels of aphid-infested plants were significantly decreased. The greatest reductions were observed in root and leaf tissue which were reduced ca. 58 and 65%, respectively, and resulted primarily from diminished fructan pools. Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate levels were reduced ca. 30%. Nonstructural carbohydrate partitioning patterns of infested plants were altered by Russian wheat aphid feeding, which indicated that the sink-to-source transition of infested leaves was influenced. C1 USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. USDA,ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES LAB,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. PURDUE UNIV,USDA,ARS,INSECT & WEED CONTROL RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Burd, JD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UY323 UT WOS:A1996UY32300008 ER PT J AU Chandler, LD Ruberson, JR AF Chandler, LD Ruberson, JR TI Toxicity of four common insecticides to field-collected beet armyworm larvae SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID NOCTUIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Relative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diflubenzuron, and thiodicarb to seven consecutive generations of field collected beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), from Alabama (Macon Co.), Georgia [Bartow Co., Ben Hill Co., Decatur Co., Tift Co. (Gibbs and Rigdon Farms)], and Mississippi (Yazoo Co.) was determined. Insecticide tolerance varied among locations, insecticides and generations tested. No single collection-site colony (F-1) was significantly more tolerant to all insecticides than the susceptible laboratory colony. Macon Co., AL, insects were significantly more tolerant to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and diflubenzuron than the laboratory colony; and Bartow Co. and Yazoo Co. exhibited significant tolerance to more than one evaluated insecticide. In most instances, tolerance to insecticides was inversely related to time in culture with a majority of colonies losing 50% of their tolerance to tested insecticides within two generations following removal of insecticide pressure. However, some fluctuations in tolerance existed from generation to generation, indicating that there was some naturally occurring genetic variation in colony susceptibility. RP Chandler, LD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 189 EP 203 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UY323 UT WOS:A1996UY32300011 ER PT J AU Shappley, ZW Jenkins, JN Watson, CE Kahler, AL Meredith, WR AF Shappley, ZW Jenkins, JN Watson, CE Kahler, AL Meredith, WR TI Establishment of molecular markers and linkage groups in two F-2 populations of Upland cotton SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum L; restriction fragment length polymorphisms; linkage map ID RNA AB Two F-2 populations of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from the crosses of HS46 x MAR-CABUCAG8US-1-88 (MAR) and HS46 x Pee Dee 5363 (PD5363) were characterized for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) using DNA probes. Seventy-three probe/enzyme combinations were used in the HS46 x MAR population analysis, which resulted in 42 informative polymorphic fragments. These 42 moleclar markers represented 26 polymorphic loci, which consisted of 15 codominant and 11 dominant (+/-) genotypes, Chi-square analyses of these loci fit expected genotypic ratios of 1:2:1 and 3:1, respectively, An analysis of these loci with the MAPMAKER program resulted in the establishment of four linkage groups A, B, C, and D with 4, 2, 2, and 2 loci, respectively, as well as 16 unlinked loci. Six probe-enzyme combinations were assayed on the HS46 x PD5363 population, which resulted in 11 informative polymorphic fragments. These 11 fragments represented 6 polymorphic loci, 1 dominant (+/-) and 5 codominant genotypes, The MAPMAKER analysis of these loci yielded 2 linked loci. Thus, a total of 53 polymorphic fragments and 32 polymorphic loci, representing five linkage groups, were identified among the two families. C1 USDA ARS,CSRL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. DEPT EXPTL STAT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. BIOGENET SERV INC,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 92 IS 8 BP 915 EP 919 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA UV553 UT WOS:A1996UV55300001 PM 24166617 ER PT J AU Weller, JI Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM Ron, M AF Weller, JI Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM Ron, M TI Application of a canonical transformation to detection of quantitative trait loci with the aid of genetic markers in a multi-trait experiment SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait loci; multi-trait analysis; canonical transformation ID MENDELIAN FACTORS; LINKAGE; MICROSATELLITES; CATTLE AB Effects of individual quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can be isolated with the aid of linked genetic markers. Most studies have analyzed each marker or pair of linked markers separately for each trait included in the analysis, Thus, the number of contrasts tested can be quite large. The experimentwise type-I error can be readily derived from the nominal type-I error if all contrasts are statistically independent, but different traits are generally correlated. A new set of uncorrelated traits can be derived by application of a canonical transformation, The total number of effective traits will generally be less than the original set. An example is presented for DNA microsatellite D21S4, which is used as a marker for milk production traits of Israeli dairy cattle. This locus had significant effects on milk and protein production but not on fat. It had a significant effect on only one of the canonical variables that was highly correlated with both milk and protein, and this variable explained 82% of the total variance. Thus, it can be concluded that a single QTL is affecting both trails. The effects on the original traits could be derived by a reverse transformation of the effects on the canonical variable. C1 USDA ARS, ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP AGR RES ORG, VOLCANI CTR, INST ANIM SCI, IL-50250 BET DAGAN, ISRAEL. NR 27 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 92 IS 8 BP 998 EP 1002 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA UV553 UT WOS:A1996UV55300011 PM 24166627 ER PT J AU Yoo, HS Norred, WP Showker, J Riley, RT AF Yoo, HS Norred, WP Showker, J Riley, RT TI Elevated sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipid depletion as contributing factors in fumonisin-induced cytotoxicity SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; SERINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; SPHINGANINE; NEURONS; MUTANT; GROWTH AB Fumonisin B-1 is an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, a key enzyme in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and reacylation of free sphingosine, The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of increased intracellular free sphinganine and decreased complex sphingolipids on cell growth and cell death induced by fumonisin B-1 in pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells, Fumonisin B-1 caused an increase in intracellular free sphinganine which preceded depletion of complex sphingolipids, inhibition of cell growth, and cell death. The effects on cell growth and cell death were well correlated with the increase in free sphingoid bases and depletion of complex sphingolipids. Exogenously added sphinganine mimicked the effects of fumonisin, but beta-chloroalanine, an inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase which is the first enzyme in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, also inhibited cell growth and increased cell death. When added simultaneously, beta-chloroalanine reduced the fumonisin-induced sphinganine increase by approximately 90%; however, it exacerbated the decrease in more complex sphingolipids. The effects of fumonisin on cell growth and cell death were only partially prevented by beta-chloroalanine (similar to 50 to 60%). The results suggest that both the elevation of free sphingoid bases and the decrease in complex sphingolipids contribute to the decreased cell growth and cytolethality of fumonisin B-1 in pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,RUSSELL RES CTR,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30614. NR 36 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 138 IS 2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1006/taap.1996.0119 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA UQ791 UT WOS:A1996UQ79100003 PM 8658522 ER PT J AU Norred, WP Riley, RT Meredith, FI Bacon, CW Voss, KA AF Norred, WP Riley, RT Meredith, FI Bacon, CW Voss, KA TI Time- and dose-response effects of the mycotoxin, fumonisin B-1 on sphingoid base elevations in precision-cut rat liver and kidney slices SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; COMPLEX SPHINGOLIPIDS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SPHINGANINE; INHIBITION; TOXICITY; TISSUE; CORN AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced on corn (Zea mays) by the common fungus Fusarium moniliforme. The fumonisins are potent inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis and cause dramatic elevations in the free sphingoid base, sphinganine, both in cells in culture and in urine, blood and tissues of animals dosed with the toxins. In this study the effects of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) on sphingoid bases in precision-cut rat liver and kidney slices were evaluated. In liver slices exposed for 20 hr to FB1, as little as 0.1 mu M caused a 40-fold elevation in free sphinganine. Kidney slices were less responsive, and a 1 mu M dose of FB1 was required to cause a 10-fold increase in sphinganine. The amount of sphinganine in liver slices exposed to FB1 increased in a time-dependent manner over a 72-hr period, but kidney slices exposed to the same doses of FB1 showed a peak elevation of sphinganine after 24 hr, with a decline in the levels over the next 48 hr. Liver slices may more closely approximate the in vivo response of animals to FB1 than do primary hepatocytes (in which sphinganine may be elevated >100-fold), because the elevations in sphinganine were similar to those reported in livers of animals fed fumonisins. On the other hand, the response of kidney slices to FB1 was substantially less than that reported in kidney tissue of FB1-fed rats, suggesting that kidney may accumulate toxic levels of sphingoid bases that are released from other tissues into the blood. The use of tissue slices also appears to be a useful bioassay tool for monitoring corn or other products for toxins, such as fumonisins, that elevate sphinganine levels. Crude extracts of corn screenings naturally contaminated with fumonisins produced significantly elevated sphinganine levels in liver slices, even after 50-fold dilution of the extract. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd RP Norred, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD JUN PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(96)00013-6 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA UU561 UT WOS:A1996UU56100013 PM 20650215 ER PT J AU Murthy, R Dougherty, PM Zarnoch, SJ Allen, HL AF Murthy, R Dougherty, PM Zarnoch, SJ Allen, HL TI Effects of carbon dioxide, fertilization, and irrigation on photosynthetic capacity of loblolly pine trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; foliar N concentration; loblolly pine; net assimilation; Pinus taeda; stomatal conductance ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; SOUR ORANGE TREES; ELEVATED CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; ENRICHMENT; WATER; RESPONSES; NUTRITION AB Branches of nine-year-old loblolly pine trees grown in a 2 x 2 factorial combination of fertilization and irrigation were exposed for 11 months to ambient, ambient + 175, or ambient + 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2. Rates of light-saturated net photosynthesis (A(max)), maximum stomatal conductance to water vapor (g(max)), and foliar nitrogen concentration (% dry mass) were assessed monthly from April 1993 until September 1993 on 1992 foliage (one-year-old) and from July 1993 to March 1994 on 1993 foliage (current-year). Rates of A(max) of foliage in the ambient + 175 CO2 treatment and ambient + 350 were 32-47 and 83-91% greater, respectively, than that of foliage in the ambient CO2 treatment. There was a statistically significant interaction between CO2 treatment and fertilization or irrigation treatment on A(max) on only one measurement date for each age class of foliage. Light-saturated stomatal conductance to water vapor (g(max)) was significantly affected by CO2 treatment on only four measurement dates. Light-saturated g(max) in winter was only 42% of summer g(max) even though soil water during winter was near field capacity and evaporative demand was low. Fertilization increased foliar N concentration by 30% over the study period when averaged across CO2 treatments. During the study period, the ambient + 350 CO2 treatment decreased average foliar N concentration of one-year-old foliage in the control, irrigated, fertilized and irrigated + fertized plots by 5, 6.4, 9.6 and 11%, respectively, compared with one-year-old foliage in the corresponding ambient CO2 treatments. The percent increase in A(max) due to CO2 enrichment was similar in all irrigation and fertilization treatments and the effect persisted throughout the 11-month study period for both one-year-old and current-year foliage. C1 WESTVACO,SUMMERVILLE,SC 29484. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US FOREST SERV,USDA,ASHVILLE,NC 28802. NR 49 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 8 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 6 BP 537 EP 546 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UP035 UT WOS:A1996UP03500002 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Shane, JB Hawley, GJ Strimbeck, GR DeHayes, DH Cali, PF Donnelly, JR AF Schaberg, PG Shane, JB Hawley, GJ Strimbeck, GR DeHayes, DH Cali, PF Donnelly, JR TI Physiological changes in red spruce seedlings during a simulated winter thaw SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold hardiness; photosynthesis; Picea rubens; respiration; stomatal aperture; winter thaw; xylem pressure potential ID LEAF WATER POTENTIALS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; COLD TOLERANCE; CHLOROPLAST RESPONSE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SINK REGULATION; STRESS; INHIBITION; LEAVES; PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION AB We evaluated net photosynthesis, respiration, leaf conductance, xylem pressure potential (XPP) and cold hardiness in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings exposed to either a continuous thaw (CT) or a daytime thaw with freezing nights (FN) for 8 days during mid-winter. Physiological differences between CT and FN seedlings were evident for all measured parameters. However, the temporal expression of treatment differences varied among parameters. When compared to FN seedlings, CT seedlings had higher rates of respiration following 24 h of treatment, and a higher net photosynthetic rate, leaf conductance and XPP after 48 h of treatment. The CT seedlings were significantly less cold tolerant than the FN seedlings following 4 days of thaw, whereas FN seedlings did not deharden over the 8 days of treatment. Examination of temporal trends among thaw-associated changes in physiology suggested that, although greater carbon exchange occurred as stomatal conductance increased, the transition from negative: to positive net photosynthesis was not the result of increases in conductance, but may have been associated with thaw-induced increases in XPP. Because thaw-associated changes in,aas exchange and cold hardiness were offset in time, we conclude that, if changes in these processes are physiologically linked, the linkage is indirect. C1 UNIV VERMONT,SCH NAT RESOURCES,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 6 BP 567 EP 574 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UP035 UT WOS:A1996UP03500005 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Miller, PR Scioli, D AF Grulke, NE Miller, PR Scioli, D TI Response of giant sequoia canopy foliage to elevated concentrations of atmospheric ozone SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; ozone uptake; Sequoiadendron giganteum; stomatal conductance ID PONDEROSA PINE; JEFFREY PINE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FUMIGATION; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; INJURY; TREES; MIST AB We examined the physiological response of foliage in the upper third of the canopy of 125-year-old giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum Buchholz.) trees to a 61-day exposure to 0.25x, 1x, 2x or 3x ambient ozone concentration. Four branch exposure chambers, one per ozone treatment, were installed on 1-m long secondary branches of each tree at a height of 34 m. No visible symptoms of foliar ozone damage were apparent throughout the 61-day exposure period and none of the ozone treatments affected branch growth. Despite the similarity in ozone concentrations in the branch chambers within a treatment, the trees exhibited different physiological responses to increasing ozone uptake. Differences in diurnal and seasonal patterns of g(s) among the trees led to a 2-fold greater ozone uptake in tree No. 2 compared with trees Nos. 1 and 3. Tree No. 3 had significantly higher CER and g(s) at 0.25x ambient ozone than trees Nos. I and 2, and g(s) and CER of tree No. 3 declined with increasing ozone uptake. The y-intercept of the regression for dark respiration versus ozone uptake was significantly lower for tree No. 2 than for trees Nos. 1 and 3. In the 0.25x and 1x ozone treatments, the chlorophyll concentration of current-year foliage of trees Nos. 1 and 2 was significantly higher than that of current-year foliage of tree No. 3. Chlorophyll concentration of current-year foliage on tree No. 1 did not decline with increasing ozone uptake. In all trees, total needle water potential decreased with increasing ozone uptake, but turgor was constant. Although tree No. 2 had the greatest ozone uptake, g(s) was highest and foliar chlorophyll concentration was lowest in tree No. 3 in the 0.25x and 1x ambient atmospheric ozone treatments. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC SW RES STN, 4955 CANYON CREST DR, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 6 BP 575 EP 581 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UP035 UT WOS:A1996UP03500006 ER PT J AU Merrill, AH Liotta, DC Riley, RT AF Merrill, AH Liotta, DC Riley, RT TI Fumonisins: Fungal toxins that shed light on sphingolipid function SO TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; INHIBITION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHINGOSINE; CELLS; PROLIFERATION; CYTOTOXICITY; SPHINGANINE; INCREASES AB Fumonisins are sphinganine analogues produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related fungi. They inhibit ceramide synthase and block the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids, promoting accumulation of sphinganine and sphinganine I-phosphate. Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism by fumonisin B-1 alters cell-cell interactions, the behaviour of cell-surface proteins, the activity of protein kinases, the metabolism of other lipids, and cell growth and viability. This multitude of effects probably accounts for the toxicity and carcinogenicity of these mycotoxins. Naturally occurring inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism such as fumonisins are proving to be powerful tools for studying the diverse roles of sphingolipids in cell regulation and disease. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP Merrill, AH (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 52 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0962-8924 J9 TRENDS CELL BIOL JI Trends Cell Biol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 6 IS 6 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.1016/0962-8924(96)10021-0 PG 6 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA UM537 UT WOS:A1996UM53700004 PM 15157459 ER PT J AU Austin, MT Williams, MJ Hammond, AC Frank, JH Chambliss, CG AF Austin, MT Williams, MJ Hammond, AC Frank, JH Chambliss, CG TI Psyllid population dynamics and plant resistance of Leucaena selections in Florida SO TROPICAL GRASSLANDS LA English DT Article AB To identify possible sources of psyllid resistance and determine the effect of psyllid damage on biomass yield of various Leucaena spp. and hybrids in subtropical Florida, a 3-year trial was conducted at Brooksville, Florida. Leucaena spp. tested were L. leucocephala K8, K584, and K636, L. pallida K376 and L. esculenta K948. Three F-2 hybrids in the trial were L. pallida x L. diversifolia KX1, L. pallida x L. leucocephala KX2 and L. diversifolia x L. leucocephala KX3. Leucaena esculenta and L. pallida consistently displayed the lowest psyllid damage (P<0.01), with L. esculenta being essentially free from psyllids and damage. Leucaena leucocephala selections had the highest damage ratings (P<0.001) in 19 of 20 high psyllid-infestation events over the 3 years, while the F-2 hybrids had intermediate levels of damage. Adult psyllid populations were positively correlated with plant damage (P<0.05) in 18 of 20 high psyllid-infestation periods, while nymph populations were positively correlated with damage (P<0,001) at all 20 observations. Psyllid damage was positively correlated with edible dry matter (DM) and total DM for only 2 of 11 harvests. The lack of correlation between psyllid damage and biomass yield suggests that psyllid-susceptible L. leucocephala selections can be grown in subtropical Florida. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601. HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,AIEA,HI. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL GRASSLAND SOC AUST PI ST LUCIA QUEENSLAND PA CUNNINGHAM LAB, CSIRO 306 CARMODY RD, ST LUCIA QUEENSLAND 4067, AUSTRALIA SN 0049-4763 J9 TROP GRASSLANDS JI Trop. Grassl. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 30 IS 2 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VA378 UT WOS:A1996VA37800005 ER PT J AU Shepperd, WD AF Shepperd, WD TI Response of aspen root suckers to regeneration methods and post-harvest protection SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE vegetative regeneration; mechanical harvest; coppice silviculture; root connections; Populus tremuloides; suckering AB A five-year study of aspen root sucker production conducted on the Routt National Forest in central Colorado indicated that bulldozer pushing consistently produced more root suckers than chain-saw felling. Fencing to protect from browsing livestock also proved beneficial but was unnecessary to achieve adequate regeneration. Leaving all downed stems on site as a substitute to fencing was not beneficial. RP Shepperd, WD (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1996 IS RM-324 BP 1 EP & PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA VC982 UT WOS:A1996VC98200001 ER PT J AU Seal, BS King, DJ Bennett, JD AF Seal, BS King, DJ Bennett, JD TI Characterization of Newcastle disease virus vaccines by biological properties and sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin-neuaraminidase protein gene SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxovirus; reverse transcription; polymerase chain reaction; hemagglutination; elution rate; phylogenetics; poultry; thermostability ID PARAMYXOVIRUS FUSION; CLEAVAGE-ACTIVATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRULENCE; CHICKENS; STRAIN AB Six commercially available monovalent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) five-vaccines were examined for their biological and genomic stability in comparison to their stated parent virus. Thermostability of the hemagglutinin at 56 degrees C for 5 min was consistently observed among the majority of the vaccine viruses. One exception was a recently developed NDV vaccine isolated from turkeys that had a thermostability of 15 min. Neuraminidase activity, as measured by elution rate of agglutinated red blood cells, varied among vaccine viruses and correlated with that of the parent isolate. Virulence as measured by intracerebral pathogenicity index ranged from 0 to 0.39 among NDV vaccine-type viruses, well within the range of avirulent lentogens. Sequence of the fusion protein cleavage site from all the NDV vaccine isolates examined was consistent with that for lentogens. The entire hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene sequence was 98% similar among all the NDV vaccine viruses examined and phylogenetic classification of commercial vaccine types correlated with their respective parent virus. Consequently, the commercially produced NDV vaccines reported here appear relatively stable when mass produced in avian embryonated eggs. RP Seal, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN PY 1996 VL 14 IS 8 BP 761 EP 766 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00252-V PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA UU854 UT WOS:A1996UU85400004 PM 8817822 ER PT J AU Keen, J Kwang, J Littledike, ET Hungerford, LL AF Keen, J Kwang, J Littledike, ET Hungerford, LL TI Ovine lentivirus antibody detection in serum, colostrum and milk using a recombinant transmembrane protein ELISA SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovine lentivirus; colostrum; milk ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; BOVINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; IMMUNODIFFUSION TEST; GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION; SHEEP; INFECTION; MASTITIS; SYSTEM AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies against ovine lentivirus (OLV) in serum, colostrum, and milk from naturally infected sheep, The assay used OLV recombinant transmembrane envelope protein (rTM) as a test antigen. Matched serum/colostrum and serum/milk samples were collected at 24 h, 4 weeks (mid-lactation), and 8 weeks (weaning) post-lambing. Among 129 paired samples collected at 24 h post-lambing, there was overall test agreement (concordance) of 82.9% and a kappa value of 0.658 between serum and colostrum rTM ELISA results. Among 130 mid-lactation samples, the milk ELISA had 100% specificity and 64.9% sensitivity relative to the serum ELISA, there was concordance of 79.2%, and a kappa value of 0.602, At mid-lactation, the serum a ar gel immunodiffusion test had a a sensitivity of 0.390 and 0.560 relative to the serum and milk rTM ELISAs, respectively, Matched serum and milk rTM ELISA results at weaning were very similar to those at mid-lactation, Finally, increased occurrence and severity of subclinical mastitis at weaning was found in ELISA-seropositive compared with ELISA-seronegative ewes. Both subclinical mastitis and ewe OLV infection bad a negative impact on lamb growth and weaning weights. Compared with blood, colostrum and milk are easier and less expensive to sample and store. These results suggest that rTM ELISA testing of colostrum and milk could bt used to supplement serologic testing in OLV screening or eradication programs. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Keen, J (reprint author), ARS,USDA,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUN 1 PY 1996 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 275 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(95)05518-5 PG 23 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA UR217 UT WOS:A1996UR21700003 PM 8792564 ER PT J AU Eckersall, PD Saini, PK McComb, C AF Eckersall, PD Saini, PK McComb, C TI The acute phase response of acid soluble glycoprotein, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein, in the pig SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute phase protein; acid soluble glycoprotein; alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein; ceruloplasmin; haptoglobin; C-reactive protein; pigs ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SERUM; BOVINE; INDICATOR; CATTLE; SWINE; BLOOD AB The acute phase serum protein response to infection, inflammation or trauma has been identified in a number of species and consists of alterations to the serum concentrations of several proteins. It is known that the profile of acute phase protein response to stimulation differs between species, In the pig, individual proteins have been identified as acute phase proteins in association with infection or pathological lesions. In this investigation, turpentine injection was used to stimulate a sterile inflammatory lesion in pigs so that the relative changes in acute phase protein could be determined and the most appropriate proteins identified as markers oi inflammation. The mean serum concentration of the acid soluble glycoprotein fraction showed a two-fold increase with a peak 2 days after treatment, The mean serum alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein concentration fluctuated during the period following injection of turpentine with little difference from the control animals. The mean concentration of serum ceruloplasmin increased by 40% by the 4th day following treatment. The mean serum concentration of haptoglobin increased more than two-fold reaching a peak on the 2nd day after treatment. The mean serum C-reactive protein level increased eight-fold with a peak on the 2nd day after turpentine injection. C-reactive protein and haptoglobin are likely to be the best markers for the identification of inflammatory lesions in pigs. C1 FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,USDA,SEROL BRANCH,PATHOL & SEROL DIV,SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Eckersall, PD (reprint author), UNIV GLASGOW,SCH VET,VET CLIN BIOCHEM SECT,DEPT VET MED,BEARSDEN RD,GLASGOW G61 1QH,LANARK,SCOTLAND. NR 17 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUN 1 PY 1996 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(95)05527-4 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA UR217 UT WOS:A1996UR21700013 PM 8792574 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Blagburn, BL AF Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Blagburn, BL TI Recognizing, treating, and preventing feline protozoal infections SO VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; TISSUE CYSTS; CATS AB This article reviews the life cycles of common protozoal parasites of cats, as well as the procedures that are useful for diagnosing, treating, and preventing the infections they cause. C1 USDA ARS,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO PI LENEXA PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 SN 8750-7943 J9 VET MED-US JI Vet. Med. PD JUN PY 1996 SU S BP 15 EP & PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UU059 UT WOS:A1996UU05900003 ER PT J AU Irusta, PM Borca, MV Kutish, GF Lu, Z Caler, E Carrillo, C Rock, DL AF Irusta, PM Borca, MV Kutish, GF Lu, Z Caler, E Carrillo, C Rock, DL TI Amino acid tandem repeats within a late viral gene define the central variable region of African swine fever virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIGENE FAMILIES; MISMATCH REPAIR; DNA; SEQUENCES; GENOME; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; REPLICATION; CLONING; ISOLATE AB The central variable region (CVR) of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genome is contained within the 9-RL open reading frame (ORF). ORF 9-RL of the ASFV isolate Malawi Lil-20/1 predicts a protein of 614 amino acids with amino- and carboxy-terminal hydrophobic regions and a centrally located hydrophilic region. The CVR of the genome, located centrally within this ORF, is 372 bp and contains a 132-bp direct repeat. The translated CVR within ORF 9-RL contains 31 tandem tetramers, predominantly NADT, NANT, NVDT, and, in a few cases, CAST, GAST, or CADT. In vitro translation of 9-RL yielded a 94-kDa protein that was strongly reactive with convalescent pig serum while monospecific 9-RL antiserum identified a late viral protein of 94 kDa in ASFV-infected macrophages. The protein, detected by immunofluorescence staining with 9-RL antiserum, was distributed homogeneously throughout the cytoplasm of infected Vero cells. 9-RL protein size varied among different viral isolates and among cell-culture-adapted viruses. Protein size increased proportionately with the degree of cell culture adaptation and was directly correlated with the size of the CVR present within the ORF (300 - 500 bp). Analysis of the number and composition of tandem tetramers present within the CVR of a given ASFV isolate may prove useful for identifying and/or grouping ASFV isolates. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 1 PY 1996 VL 220 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.0281 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA UP568 UT WOS:A1996UP56800003 PM 8659112 ER PT J AU StoneMarschat, MA Moss, SR Burrage, TG Barber, ML Roy, P Laegreid, WW AF StoneMarschat, MA Moss, SR Burrage, TG Barber, ML Roy, P Laegreid, WW TI Immunization with VP2 is sufficient for protection against lethal challenge with African horsesickness virus type 4 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME AB Horses were immunized by inoculation with a vaccinia construct containing a full-length cDNA corresponding to the L2 gene segment of African horsesickness virus type 4 (AHSV-4). All immunized horses developed serum neutralizing antibodies prior to challenge with Virulent AHSV-4. No ELISA-reactive antibodies were present prior to challenge. A group of four seronegative control horses died after developing clinical signs and lesions typical of the pulmonary form of African horsesickness while the immunized horses were clinically normal. Increases in serum neutralizing and ELISA-reactive antibody titers following challenge indicate that at least some replication of challenge virus occurred in immunized horses. These results demonstrate that AHSV VP2 alone is sufficient to induce a protective immune response in horses and indicate the usefulness of ELISA-reactive antibodies for differentiation of vaccinated and naturally exposed horses. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NERC,INST VIROL & ENVIRONM MICROBIOL,OXFORD OX1 3SR,ENGLAND. UNIV OXFORD,MOLEC BIOPHYS LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QU,ENGLAND. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT INT HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL. RP StoneMarschat, MA (reprint author), ARS,MOL PATHOL UNIT,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 1 PY 1996 VL 220 IS 1 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.0304 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA UP568 UT WOS:A1996UP56800026 PM 8659117 ER PT J AU Kreutz, LC Ackermann, MR AF Kreutz, LC Ackermann, MR TI Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus enters cells through a low pH-dependent endocytic pathway SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; virus entry mechanism; endocytosis ID DEHYDROGENASE-ELEVATING VIRUS; ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; SWINE INFERTILITY; ANIMAL-CELLS; FEVER VIRUS; WEAK BASES; ENTRY; INFECTION AB The entry pathway of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) into MARC-145 cells was investigated using a variety of drugs that interfere with the pH of intracellular vesicles by different mechanisms. Virus entry was assessed by measuring viral RNA replication or production of infectious virus. Chloroquine, ammonium chloride and bafilomycin Al inhibited RNA replication or production of infectious virus in a dose-dependent manner. These drugs inhibited virus replication when added to the cells prior to: at infection or soon after infection. Moreover, the effect of chloroquine on PRRSV replication was reversible under acidic conditions of the media, Taken together, these results indicated that a low pH was required during virus entry. Electron microscopic data showed virus particles at the cell surface or within small vesicles which were circumscribed by a clathrin-like zone. In addition, the number of PRRSV-infected cells was decreased in the presence of cytochalasin B and phenylarsine oxide. Thus, we concluded that PRRSV entry might occur through a microfilament-dependent endocytic mechanism in which a low pH is necessary for proper virus uncoating. C1 USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, AVIAN & SWINE RESP DIS RES UNIT, AMES, IA 50010 USA. RP Kreutz, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, VIROL SWINE RES UNIT, 2300 DAYTON AVE, POB 70, AMES, IA 50010 USA. RI Kreutz, Luiz Carlos/A-3729-2015 OI Kreutz, Luiz Carlos/0000-0002-7685-7401 NR 45 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(96)01313-5 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA UV692 UT WOS:A1996UV69200012 PM 8806181 ER PT J AU Edwards, DR Daniel, TC Scott, HD Murdoch, JF Habiger, MJ Burks, HM AF Edwards, DR Daniel, TC Scott, HD Murdoch, JF Habiger, MJ Burks, HM TI Stream quality impacts of best management practices in a northwestern Arkansas basin SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE water quality; Best Management Practices; agriculture ID LOSSES; MANURE AB A variety of management options are used to minimize losses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other potential pollutants from agricultural source areas. There is little information available, however, to indicate the effectiveness of these options (sometimes referred to as Best Management Practices, or BMPs) on basin scales. The objective of this study was to assess the water quality effectiveness of BMPs implemented in the 3240 ha Lincoln Lake basin in Northwest Arkansas. Land use in the basin was primarily forest (34 percent) and pasture (56 percent), with much of the pasture being regularly treated with animal manures. The BMPs were oriented toward minimizing the impact of confined animal operations in the basin and included nutrient management, dead bird composter construction, and other practices. Stream flow samples (representing primarily base flow conditions) were collected hi-weekly from five sites within the basin from September 1991 through April 1994 and analyzed for nitrate N (NO3-N), ammonia N (NH3-N), total Kjeldahl N (TKN), ortho-P (PO4-P), total P (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS). Mean concentrations of PO4-P, TP, and TSS were highest for subbasins with the highest proportions of pasture landuse. Concentrations of NH3-N, TKN, and COD decreased significantly with time (35-75 percent/year) for all sub-basins, while concentrations of other parameters were generally stable. The declines in analysis parameter concentrations are attributed to the implementation of BMPs in the basin since (a) the results are consistent with what would be expected for the particular BMPs implemented and (b) no other known activities in the basin would have caused the declines in analysis parameter concentrations. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA,NRCS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703. USDA,NRCS,N LITTLE ROCK,AR 72116. RP Edwards, DR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY, USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 499 EP 509 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA UV270 UT WOS:A1996UV27000008 ER PT J AU Snyder, WM Thomas, AW Dillard, AL Mills, WC AF Snyder, WM Thomas, AW Dillard, AL Mills, WC TI Quantification for visualization of time trend SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE climate change; modeling; time series analysis; sliding polynomials; least-squares optimization ID WATER-QUALITY AB A method for quantifying fluctuations in time-series data was developed and tested to aid the process of visualization. The methodology is based on free-form sliding polynomials and identifies (a) short-period variability about the mean value, (b) a long-term trend or cycle, and (c) random errors residual to these two structured components. Consistent results were obtained for designed synthetic data and natural data from seven sites in Georgia. Statistics of fit of the analytical model for the natural data were not significant on a site-by-site basis. An unexpected finding for the study was obtained when the statistical results for the seven data sets for temperature were pooled. The smoothing model yielded consistent long-term trends even though the individual station results were not significant. Also, the correlation coefficients, while low, showed a statistically significant trend toward higher values toward the northwest and away from the Georgia coast line. This study thus supports the concept that multiple-site, and regionally based, analyses are necessary for the detection of trends. Secondarily, such consistency of results strengthens the conclusion that the proposed smoothing method is an effective procedure in the presence of varying amounts of random content in the natural data sets. C1 USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 521 EP 529 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA UV270 UT WOS:A1996UV27000010 ER PT J AU Boyer, DG Pasquarell, GC AF Boyer, DG Pasquarell, GC TI Agricultural land use effects on nitrate concentrations in a mature karst aquifer SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; agricultural; hydrology; karst hydrology; nitrate ID HYDROLOGY AB The impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the Appalachian Region. Karst areas comprise about 18 percent of the Region's land area. An estimated one-third of the Region's farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are on karst terrain. Nitrate concentrations were measured in cave streams draining two primary land management areas. The first area was pasture serving a beef cow-calf operation. The second area was a dairy. Nitrate-N concentrations were highest in cave streams draining the daily and a cave stream draining an area of pasture where cattle congregate for shade and water. The dairy contributed about 60 to 70 percent of the nitrogen load increase in the study section of the cave system. It was concluded that agriculture was significantly affecting nitrate concentrations in the karst aquifer. Best management practices may be one way to protect the ground water resource. C1 SICHUAN UNION UNIV,STATE KEY LAB HIGH SPEED HYDRAUL,CHENGDU,SICHUAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25801, USA. NR 15 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 565 EP 573 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA UV270 UT WOS:A1996UV27000014 ER PT J AU Pionke, HB Gburek, WJ Sharpley, AN Schnabel, RR AF Pionke, HB Gburek, WJ Sharpley, AN Schnabel, RR TI Flow and nutrient export patterns for an agricultural hill-land watershed SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEAR-STREAM ZONE; PHOSPHORUS; TRANSPORT; QUALITY AB Nutrient patterns and export in streamflow were determined for a 7.4-km(2) agricultural hill-land watershed located in Pennsylvania. P export, whether associated with sediment or water phase, was dominated by storm periods. About 70% of water phase P was exported during the 10% of time defined as storm flow. P export during storms becomes less controlled by water phase P as the P fraction being exported is expanded from labile P (50-70%) to algal-available P (20-40%) to total P (10-20%). Water phase P accounted for 25-50% of the algal-available P exported in total flow. Nitrate export was mostly in nonstorm periods (60%) with the higher concentrations in elevated base flows. The elevated base flow appears to result from increased drainage from a shallow fracture layer that underlays cropland. Because storm periods dominate P export, control of the hydrologically active P source areas within the watershed provides the greatest opportunity for controlling export of algal-available P. RP Pionke, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 29 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1795 EP 1804 DI 10.1029/96WR00637 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UN704 UT WOS:A1996UN70400030 ER PT J AU Thomas, JW Dombeck, M AF Thomas, JW Dombeck, M TI Ecosystem management in the Interior Columbia River Basin SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,US DEPT INTERIOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. RP Thomas, JW (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,POB 9690,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 180 EP 186 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA VA175 UT WOS:A1996VA17500004 ER PT J AU Haynes, R McCool, S Horne, A Birchfield, J AF Haynes, R McCool, S Horne, A Birchfield, J TI Natural resource management and community well-being SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE community stability; federal land management; well-being ID DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES C1 UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,BOLLE CTR PEOPLE & FORESTS,MISSOULA,MT 59812. RP Haynes, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 222 EP 226 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA VA175 UT WOS:A1996VA17500009 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL Gruver, KS Williams, ES AF Phillips, RL Gruver, KS Williams, ES TI Leg injuries to coyotes captured in three types of foothold traps SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; foothold traps; trap injuries C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT VET SCI,WYOMING STATE VET LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82070. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 260 EP 263 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA VA175 UT WOS:A1996VA17500014 ER PT J AU Wywialowski, AP AF Wywialowski, AP TI Wildlife damage to field corn in 1993 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE agriculture; avian; blackbird; crop; damage; deer; dollar value; field corn; Odocoileus; wildlife-caused losses ID BLACKBIRD DAMAGE; CROP DAMAGE AB Information on the amount and distribution of wildlife-caused damage to agriculture facilitates sound decisions about appropriate management. In fall 1993, the amount of wildlife-caused loss of ripening field corn in the top 10 corn-producing states in the United States was quantified. Losses were assessed by comparing weights of undamaged ears and ears damaged by different types of wildlife. Comparison of standard dried weights in laboratories provided a basis to estimate losses of ripening field corn to wildlife. Other wildlife-caused losses were not quantified; hence these are minimal estimates of all wildlife-caused losses of field corn. Loss to deer, birds and unidentified wildlife differed among states and was not uniformly distributed among fields. Wildlife-caused losses averaged 1.7 bushels/ha (SE = 0.07) for an estimated production loss in the 10 states of 35 million bushels valued al $92 million. Producers predicted fields with losses well; frequency (G = 45.3, 2 df, P < 0.001) and rates of loss (t = 2.0, P = 0.021) were greater where producers had expected losses. Policy-makers, agricultural producers and wildlife managers can use this information to formulate better solutions to wildlife-caused losses. RP Wywialowski, AP (reprint author), ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,4700 RIVER RD,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 264 EP 271 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA VA175 UT WOS:A1996VA17500015 ER PT J AU Gabrey, SW Dolbeer, RA AF Gabrey, SW Dolbeer, RA TI Rainfall effects on bird-aircraft collisions at two United States airports SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bird-strike; Chicago; gulls; John F Kennedy International Airport; Larus; New York; O'Hare International Airport; precipitation; water ID INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; GULLS AB We examined the influence of rainfall on bird-aircraft collisions at 2 major United States airports. Presence of standing water from rainfall did not increase the probability of bird-aircraft collisions at John F. Kennedy international Airport during April-October, 1986-1990. However, at O'Hare international Airport there was evidence that standing water increased collision rates. During April-October 1992-1994, collision rates were higher 1 day after greater than or equal to 2.54 cm rain than at other times. Although this analysis showed no clear-cut influence of rainfall on bird-aircraft collisions, airport operations personnel, as precautionary measures, should continue efforts to remove standing water and deter bird use of puddles. Detailed long-term data on daily bird-aircraft collisions, rainfall, and bird use of standing water are needed from other airports so that a more comprehensive and generalized analysis of collisions in relation to rainfall can be made. C1 USDA,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA VA175 UT WOS:A1996VA17500016 ER PT J AU Kristan, DM Golightly, RT Tomkiewicz, SM AF Kristan, DM Golightly, RT Tomkiewicz, SM TI A solar-powered transmitting video camera for monitoring raptor nests SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE camera; nesting; osprey; Pandion haliaetus; techniques C1 HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE,ARCATA,CA 95521. TELON INC,MESA,AZ 85204. US FOREST SERV,SHASTA LAKE RANGER DIST,REDDING,CA 96003. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 284 EP 290 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA VA175 UT WOS:A1996VA17500018 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT AF Brooks, RT TI Assessment of two camera-based systems for monitoring arboreal wildlife SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE arboreal fauna; cameras; monitoring ID TRAILMASTER(R) RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 298 EP 300 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA VA175 UT WOS:A1996VA17500021 ER PT J AU Kie, JG Baldwin, JA Evans, CJ AF Kie, JG Baldwin, JA Evans, CJ TI CALHOME: A program for estimating animal home ranges SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Software Review DE adaptive kernel; bivariate normal; harmonic mean; home range; minimum convex polygon; utilization distribution C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ALBANY,CA 94170. RP Kie, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,1401 GEKELER LANE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 10 TC 207 Z9 215 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 342 EP 344 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA VA175 UT WOS:A1996VA17500031 ER PT J AU Anthony, RG Green, GA Forsman, ED Nelson, SK AF Anthony, RG Green, GA Forsman, ED Nelson, SK TI Avian abundance in riparian zones of three forest types in the Cascade Mountains, Oregon SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BIRD AB We surveyed bird populations along headwater streams of old-growth, mature, and young coniferous forests of the Oregon Cascade Mountains during summer and winter. Brown Creepers (Certhia americana), Chestnut-backed Chickadees (Pants rufescens), Golden-crowned Kinglets (Regulus satrapa), Evening Grosbeaks (Hesperiphona vespertinus), and Winter Wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes) were common in ail stand types. During the summer, abundances of Brown Creepers, Hammond's Flycatchers (Empidonax hammondii), Hermit/Townsend's warblers (Dendroica occidentalis), and Chestnut-backed Chickadees were significantly higher in old-growth and mature forests compared to young forests. Species richness and densities generally were not significantly different among the stand types during winter. However, numbers of Chestnut-backed Chickadees, Evening Grosbeaks, Golden-crowned Kinglets, Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus), and Winter Wrens were much higher in the winter than in summer. Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) and Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) were more abundant in riparian areas in this study compared to other studies in upland forests and may be riparian associates along these headwater streams. C1 PARAMETRIX INC,KIRKLAND,WA 98033. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Anthony, RG (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,NATL BIOL SERV,OREGON COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 108 IS 2 BP 280 EP 291 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA UQ215 UT WOS:A1996UQ21500005 ER PT J AU Mason, JR Clark, L AF Mason, JR Clark, L TI Avoidance of cabbage fields by Snow Geese. SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP Mason, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 108 IS 2 BP 369 EP 371 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA UQ215 UT WOS:A1996UQ21500012 ER PT J AU Schmerr, MJ Goodwin, KR Cutlip, RC Jenny, AL AF Schmerr, MJ Goodwin, KR Cutlip, RC Jenny, AL TI Improvements in a competition assay to detect scrapie prion protein by capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Biomedical Applications of Chromatography and Electrophoresis CY SEP 04-07, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE proteins ID SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SHEEP AB Scrapie in sheep and goats is the prototype of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies found in humans and animals. A feature of these diseases is the accumulation of rod-shaped fibrils in the brain that form from an aggregated protein. This protein is a protease-resistant form of a normal host cell protein. When the aggregated protein is denatured in SDS and beta-mercaptoethanol, a monomer form (prion protein) with a molecular mass of 27 kDa is observed. Free zone capillary electrophoresis and peptides labeled with fluorescein were used to detect the prion protein through competition for a labeled peptide in immune complex formation. The separation of the immune complexes from the unbound peptide using 200 mM Tricine (pH 8.0) was faster and was better resolved than that obtained with phosphate or berate buffer systems. The amount of immune complex formation was dependent on the amount of antibody in the assay. The amount of bound labeled peptide and unbound labeled peptide could be measured directly by calculating the area of each respective peak. As increasing amounts of unlabeled peptide were added to the assay, a concentration dependent reduction in the immune complex peak was observed. The assay could detect less than 10.0 fmol of unlabeled peptide. There was a quantitative difference in the competition of preparations from scrapie infected sheep brain and normal sheep brain. C1 VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA. RP Schmerr, MJ (reprint author), ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD MAY 31 PY 1996 VL 681 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00541-2 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA UQ822 UT WOS:A1996UQ82200004 PM 8798909 ER PT J AU Matteri, RL Becker, BA AF Matteri, RL Becker, BA TI Gonadotroph function in 3-week-old gilts reared in a warm or cool thermal environment SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE luteinizing hormone; follicle-stimulating hormone; piglet; thermal environment ID TEMPERATURE; HORMONE; SWINE; PIGS AB The present study evaluated the effect of a warm (cycling 27-32 degrees C, 50-70% RH) or cool (21 degrees C, 55% RH) thermal environment (TE) on gonadotroph function in 3-week-old gilts (females). Pituitary cells from twelve gilts reared in each TE were cultured at a density of 250,000 cells/1 ml well and exposed to vehicle (culture medium); .l, 1, and 10 nM gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP (cAMP); and 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in culture were stimulated by GnRH and by pharmacological compounds (p < .0001). In vitro LH secretion was approximately three-fold higher in the warm, compared to the cool, TE group (p < .0001). Similarly, cellular LH content in the warm TE exceeded that in the cool TE (p < .005). The in vitro secretion of FSH and cellular FSH content were significantly elevated in the warm TE (p < .02). Serum LH concentrations in the warm and cool TE were 7.01 +/- 1.75 and 2.13 +/- .44 ng/ml, respectively (p < .02). Serum FSH concentrations were 6.38 +/- .53 and 4.59 +/- .28 ng/ml in the warm and cool TE, respectively (p < .01). The results of this study demonstrate that secretory responses of gonadotrophs in early postweaning pigs are influenced by chronic TE exposure. These differences in secretory activity may reflect levels of cellular gonadotropin available for release. RP Matteri, RL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA,AGR RES SERV,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ANIM SCI RES CTR,ROOM S-143,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD MAY 31 PY 1996 VL 59 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00254-8 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UN740 UT WOS:A1996UN74000004 PM 8684268 ER PT J AU Cui, XQ Wise, RP Schnable, PS AF Cui, XQ Wise, RP Schnable, PS TI The rf2 nuclear restorer gene of male-sterile T-cytoplasm maize SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L; PROTEIN; PLANTS; MITOCHONDRIA; MICROSPOROGENESIS; DEHYDROGENASE; LOCALIZATION; DISEASE; ENCODES; T-URF13 AB The T cytoplasm of maize serves as a model for the nuclear restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility. The rf2 gene, one of two nuclear genes required for fertility restoration in male-sterile T-cytoplasm (cmsT) maize, was cloned. The protein predicted by the rf2 sequence is a putative aldehyde dehydrogenase, which suggests several mechanisms that might explain Rf2-mediated fertility restoration in cmsT maize. Aldehyde dehydrogenase may be involved in the detoxification of acetaldehyde produced by ethanolic fermentation during pollen development, may play a role in energy metabolism or may interact with URF13, the mitochondrial protein associated with male sterility in cmsT maize. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT AGRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT ZOOL & GENET, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, USDA ARS, AMES, IA 50011 USA. OI Cui, Xiangqin/0000-0003-0621-9313 NR 39 TC 219 Z9 273 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 31 PY 1996 VL 272 IS 5266 BP 1334 EP 1336 DI 10.1126/science.272.5266.1334 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UN472 UT WOS:A1996UN47200045 PM 8650543 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Lebow, LT Moscioni, D Pursel, VG Rexroad, CE AF Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Lebow, LT Moscioni, D Pursel, VG Rexroad, CE TI Ultrastructure, enzymatic, and transport properties of the PICM-19 bipotent liver cell line SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADULT-RAT HEPATOCYTES; BILE-DUCTS; CULTURE; CYTOCHROME-P-450; MAINTENANCE; METABOLISM; SYSTEM AB The pig epiblast-derived PICM-19 cell line was previously shown to spontaneously differentiate into liver-like cells and structures and to secrete serum proteins. A study was undertaken to further define the liver-like characteristics of the PICM-19 cell line, PICM-19 cells displayed in vitro ultrastructure, enzymatic, and transport characteristics similar to those of parenchymal hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium. The PICM-19 cells contained large oval nuclei, numerous oval to elongate mitochondria with flat cristae, extensive rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, lipid vacuoles, and glycogen granules. Biliary canaliculi with intraluminal projecting microvilli were delimited by the junctional apparatuses between adjacent PICM-19 cells. The PICM-19 cells rapidly transported fluorescein into their biliary canaliculi from the extracellular environment, PICM-19 cells that had differentiated into multicellular ductal structures had high gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity at their apical surfaces as shown by histochemical staining. PICM-19 total GGT activity was at least 19 times higher than that found in porcine hepatocytes. Metyrapone induced cytochrome P-450 content of PICM-19 cells was at least one-fourth of that found in porcine hepatocytes, PICM-19 P-450 activity induced by 7-ethoxycoumarin was nearly equivalent to that of primary cultures of pig hepatocytes. The data support the proposal that differentiated PICM-19 cells resembled hepatocytes or bile duct epithelium cells, and, therefore, the PICM-19 cell line behaved like early embryonic liver progenitor cells. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,DEPT SURG RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,LPSI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BLDG 200,RM 13,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD MAY 25 PY 1996 VL 225 IS 1 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1006/excr.1996.0153 PG 13 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA UM491 UT WOS:A1996UM49100003 PM 8635514 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, L Jacks, T Bronson, R Goillot, E Harlow, E Dyson, NJ AF Yamasaki, L Jacks, T Bronson, R Goillot, E Harlow, E Dyson, NJ TI Tumor induction and tissue atrophy in mice lacking E2F-1 SO CELL LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR E2F; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; BINDING PROTEIN; GENE; EXPRESSION; CLONING; MOUSE; CELLS; SITE; TRANSACTIVATION AB The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates gene expression by physically associating with transcription factors such as E2F family members. Although pRB and its upstream regulators are commonly mutated in human cancer, the physiological role of the pRB-E2F pathway is unknown. To address the function of E2F-1 and pRB/E2F-1 complexes in vivo, we have produced mice homozygous for a nonfunctional E2F-1 allele. Mice lacking E2F-1 are viable and fertile, yet experience testicular atrophy and exocrine gland dysplasia. Surprisingly, mice lacking E2F-1 develop a broad and unusual spectrum of tumors. Although overexpression of E2F-1 in tissue culture cells can stimulate cell proliferation and be oncogenic, loss of E2F-1 in mice results in tumorigenesis, demonstrating that E2F-1 also functions as a tumor suppressor. C1 MIT,CTR CANC RES,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Yamasaki, L (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,CTR CANC,BLDG 49,13TH ST,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42063, CA60636, CA64402] NR 75 TC 593 Z9 604 U1 2 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAY 17 PY 1996 VL 85 IS 4 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81254-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA UM415 UT WOS:A1996UM41500011 PM 8653789 ER PT J AU Hamada, JS AF Hamada, JS TI Separation and molecular mass distribution of rice proteins by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography in a dissociating buffer SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Preparative Chromatography (PREP 95) CY JUN 11-14, 1995 CL GEORGETOWN UNIV CONF CTR, WASHINGTON, DC SP Washington Chromatogr Discuss Grp HO GEORGETOWN UNIV CONF CTR DE proteins; molecular mass determination ID FRACTIONATION; GLUTELIN AB Rice bran proteins were isolated using a strongly dissociating buffer containing 0.1 M acetic acid, 3 M urea, and 0.01 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (AUC). Proteins were eluted by AUC from a diol-coated silica gel (30 cmX20 mm I.D.) with exclusion limit of 1.5 . 10(5). The size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was optimized for the preparative separation and quantitative determination of the relative proportions of the major size classes of the polypeptides of rice proteins from several varieties. Resolved peaks contained 8, 17, 11, 13, 14, 7, 13, 8, 5 and 6% of the injected protein and had relative molecular masses of 1.05, 0.84, 0.54, 0.39, 0.29, 0.23, 0.14, 0.07 and <0.07 . 10(5), respectively. This reproducible separation procedure, based on size exclusion in the presence of a detergent and a chaotropic agent, allows the determination of the molecular mass distribution of rice proteins and further fractionation and characterization of the well-defined, individual polypeptides. RP Hamada, JS (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 17 PY 1996 VL 734 IS 1 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01117-X PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA UQ855 UT WOS:A1996UQ85500017 ER PT J AU Norman, HA Pillai, P AF Norman, HA Pillai, P TI High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution of NADP(+) after induction of fluorescence and its application to assay for an NADPH-dependent enzyme: Application to the determination of glutathione reductase activity in plant leaf extracts SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2 ISOFORMS; N-(9-ACRIDINYL)MALEIMIDE; PURIFICATION AB A method is described for the determination of glutathione reductase activity (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) in plant extracts utilizing HPLC quantitation of NADP(+) following the reduction of glutathione disulfides. After protein incubation, fluorescence of NADP(+) was induced under strongly basic conditions, and the product was directly resolved from the reaction medium by isocratic reversed-phase elution on a silica-coated alumina support which took 2 min. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (50:50) delivered at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The adduct (stable for at least 7 days) was detected fluorometrically and quantitated by direct integration of peak area. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. RP Norman, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAY 15 PY 1996 VL 237 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1006/abio.1996.0196 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA UK955 UT WOS:A1996UK95500004 PM 8660533 ER PT J AU Fleet, JC Bradley, J Reddy, GS Ray, R Wood, RJ AF Fleet, JC Bradley, J Reddy, GS Ray, R Wood, RJ TI 1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)-vitamin D-3 analogs with minimal in vivo calcemic activity can stimulate significant transepithelial calcium transport and mRNA expression in vitro SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE isomer vitamin D; analog; Caco-2; human; intestine ID VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR; BINDING PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; CELL-LINE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; RAT; DIFFERENTIATION; INVITRO; INVIVO; CACO-2 AB Several 1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)-vitamin D-3 (1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)-D-3) analogs have significant antiproliferative effects in vitro but do not elevate serum calcium in vivo. We tested whether the lack of a calcemic response of a vitamin D analog in vivo is due to its inability to stimulate intestinal calcium absorption by examining the effect of several such compounds on transepithelial calcium transport in the human colonic carcinoma cell line Caco-2. The relative stimulations of calcium transport by the four A-ring diastereomers of 1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)-D-3 (1 alpha,3 beta) and a 3 beta-bromoacetate analog (1 alpha,3 beta-BrAc) of the vitamin following 48-h treatment of cells at 10 nM were 1 alpha,3 beta (=100%), 1 alpha,3 alpha (+45.2%), 1 beta,3 beta (-15.6%), 1 beta,3 alpha (+6.5%), and 1 alpha,3 beta-BrAc (+50.6%). This was similar to the reported affinity of these compounds for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and suggests that VDR binding predicts calcium transport. In contrast, three non-calcemic, sidechain- or D-ring-modified analogs of vitamin D, 1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)-16-ene-D-3, 1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)-16-ene-23-yne-D-3, and 1 alpha,25,28-(OH)(3)-D-2 (at 10 nM for 48 h), showed a different relationship between VDR affinity (150, 60, and 63% of 1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)-D-3, respectively) and calcium transport (74.1, 126, and 10%, respectively). Elevated calcium transport was accompanied by higher 24-hydroxylase and calbindin D-9k mRNA levels. The data demonstrate that although some vitamin D compounds cannot stimulate calcium transport due to an inability to interact with the VDR (e.g., 1 beta isomers), other factors, e.g., differential cellular metabolism, may account for variations in biological response in vivo to various vitamin D analogs. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 BROWN UNIV,WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PROVIDENCE,RI 02905. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,VITAMIN D LAB,BOSTON,MA 02118. RP Fleet, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,ROOM 824,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD MAY 15 PY 1996 VL 329 IS 2 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1006/abbi.1996.0213 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA UK953 UT WOS:A1996UK95300012 PM 8638956 ER PT J AU Fajemisin, B Ganskopp, D Cruz, R Vavra, M AF Fajemisin, B Ganskopp, D Cruz, R Vavra, M TI Potential for woody plant control by Spanish goats in the sagebrush steppe SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biological control; sagebrush; juniper; forage selection; grazing behavior; nutrition; forage quality ID BEHAVIOR; OREGON; SHEEP AB Botanical composition of the diet of eight Spanish goats was studied on the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range during two stages of plant phenology (active growth in early July and cured forage in mid-August) to assess their potential for the control of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata sspp, wyomingensis Nutt.) and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) and their nutritional status on sagebrush-steppe rangelands. Diets were quantified by documenting the number of visits to each species, the bites harvested and time expended prating each forage over 4 consecutive days in each period, Forage chemical characteristics evaluated included: CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and IVDMD, Diet composition and forage quality indices varied significantly (P < 0.05) with changes in plant phenology. Vegetation cover averaged 52% in the pasture and consisted of 36% grasses, 8% forbs, 7% shrubs and 0.6% trees, Available herbage (excluding woody plants) was 534 kg ha(-1) during active growth trials and 572 kg ha(-1) when forages had cured. When forages were green goats acquired 28% of their total bites from grasses, 71% from forbs, 0.3% from shrubs and 0.9% from juniper trees. After forages had cured values were 35% from grasses, 56% from forbs, 0.1% from shrubs and 8.8% from juniper. The browsing of juniper (both foliage and bark), after herbaceous forages had cured, was the only substantive use of woody plants, Sagebrush was only lightly used (0.2% of total bites) when herbaceous forages were actively growing. Available herbage was of relatively high quality during both trials. When forages were actively growing; CP of grasses ranged from 8.9 to 5.6%, forbs from 17.7 to 8.5%, sagebrush scored at 8.5%, juniper foliage at 8.1% and juniper bark at 3.2%. After herbaceous forages had cured, grass CPs ranged between 6.2 and 3.1%, forbs from 10.4 to 4.4%, shrubs were not sampled and juniper foliage averaged 7.6%, Given the low levels of browsing exhibited by goats on sagebrush and juniper we see little opportunity for control of these woody plants when pastures provide a diverse (N = 25 species) array of readily available (534-572 kg ha(-1)) and nutritious forages and pastures are lightly stocked (0.63 goats ha(-1) month(-1)). We do need, however, to further explore their potential for control of these species under several other regimes. These include extended trials on more deteriorated rangelands, trials during seasons or conditions where forage is limited and the animal's selective opportunity is restricted and trials in high quality environments on newly established sagebrush and juniper seedlings. C1 USDA ARS,BURNS,OR 97720. AHMADU BELLO UNIV,NATL ANIM PROD RES INST,ZARIA,NIGERIA. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97731. EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,BURNS,OR 97720. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY 15 PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00789-X PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UR001 UT WOS:A1996UR00100006 ER PT J AU Jacks, TJ Davidonis, GH AF Jacks, TJ Davidonis, GH TI Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the respiratory burst of fungally infected plant cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; cotton; fungus infection; hydrogen peroxide; respiration; superoxide ID RADICALS AB The principal route of oxygen utilization in the respiratory burst of fungally infected plants was determined from stoichiometries of the uptake and electronic reduction of oxygen in cotton cells exposed to Aspergillus flavus walls. Using 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and epinephrine as redox reagents to manipulate oxygen transitions, we found that oxygen consumption doubled when superoxide disproportionation was abolished and was abolished when disproportionation doubled. Of four possible pathways for oxygen consumption, only monovalent reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide was consistent with this inversely proportional relationship. According to the observed rate of oxygen consumption in this pathway and in the absence of competition to disproportionation of superoxide, infected cells are capable of generating intracellular concentrations of 1 M hydrogen peroxide in 13 min. RP Jacks, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD MAY 10 PY 1996 VL 158 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA UT957 UT WOS:A1996UT95700010 PM 8791287 ER PT J AU Bommineni, VR Jauhar, PP AF Bommineni, VR Jauhar, PP TI Regeneration of plantlets through isolated scutellum culture of durum wheat SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE callus; regeneration; somatic embryogenesis; durum wheat; Triticum turgidum ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM WHEAT; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; CALLUS; EMBRYOS; EPIBLAST AB Four durum wheat cultivars, viz. 'Renville', 'Medora', 'Monroe' and 'Vic', were selected for studies on rapid regeneration of plantlets through in vitro culture of isolated immature scutella. Effects of two concentrations of sucrose (either 2% or 3%) and three gelling agents, viz, agar (0.8%), agarose (0.8%), and phytagel (0.4%), were studied for callus induction. All cultivars responded to the MS induction medium supplemented with 2 mg/l, 2,4-D, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar, and initiation of somatic embryogenesis was evident within 2-3 days of culture. The embryogenic calli developed into clusters of small, dense globular somatic embryos within 3-4 weeks of culture and subsequently developed into distinct somatic embryos and plantlets after transfer to the regeneration medium. An average of up to 16 plantlets per cultured scutellum were recovered from two regeneration media studied, i.e. half-strength hormone-free MS medium (for cultivar 'Monroe') and MS medium with BA and IAA (for cultivars 'Renville', 'Medora' and 'Vic'). The plantlets were then transferred to pots in the greenhouse, where they developed into mature, fertile plants. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAY 3 PY 1996 VL 116 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(96)84541-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UM336 UT WOS:A1996UM33600008 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR AF Hunt, JR TI Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 2 PY 1996 VL 334 IS 18 BP 1197 EP 1197 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA UG831 UT WOS:A1996UG83100017 PM 8602195 ER PT J AU Lifschitz, CH AF Lifschitz, CH TI Beyond the iceberg: The present and future of coeliac disease screening SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,SECT GASTROENTEROL & NUTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Lifschitz, CH (reprint author), TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 85 SU 412 BP 2 EP 2 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14238.x PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA UR211 UT WOS:A1996UR21100002 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Dao, TH AF Rao, SC Dao, TH TI Nitrogen placement and tillage effects on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and redistribution in winter wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL; SPRING WHEAT; FERTILIZER PLACEMENT; NITRATE REDUCTASE; PLOWED SOILS; YIELD; GROWTH; BARLEY; CORN; CROP AB Nitrogen losses observed with no-till practices when N fertilizer is surface broadcast prompted the need to reassess N fertilizer management practices for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field studies were conducted on Renfrow silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Udertic Paleustolls) from 1990 through 1993 near El Reno, OK, to determine the effects of N placement and tillage on dry matter accumulation, N uptake, and N redistribution in winter wheat. Tillage methods were moldboard plowing and no-till with standing stubble. Fertilizer (60 kg N ha(-1)) treatments were surface broadcast (BR) the same day as seeding, banded (8 to 10 cm below the soil surface) below the seed row (BL), banded between the rows (BT), and no N (control). Fall and spring aboveground dry matter and N were greater in plow ed than in no-till treatments when precipitation was similar to or above the 24-yr average. Leaf N content was 8, 12, and 3% greater in BR, BL, and BT treatments, respectively, than in the control. Nitrogen accumulation rates (g m(-2) d(-1)) in heads from anthesis to final harvest were 0.16 for BR, 0.17 for BL, 0.19 for BT, and 0.13 for the control. Final grain yield and grain N content were not affected by N placement in plowed plots. Under no-till, grain yield was improved by 32% for BL and 15% for BT, and grain N content was increased by 33% for BL and 25% for BT as compared with the BR treatment. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 27 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 88 IS 3 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UR148 UT WOS:A1996UR14800001 ER PT J AU Lecoeur, J Wery, J Sinclair, TR AF Lecoeur, J Wery, J Sinclair, TR TI Model of leaf area expansion in field pea subjected to soil water deficits SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; GROWTH AB Yield of field pea (Pisum sativum) is sensitive to soil water deficits. An important component of this sensitivity is the response of leaf area to drought. A simple, mechanistic model was developed to allow predictions of leaf area development in response to soil water deficits, The model calculates leaf areas of individual drought-stressed leaves relative to leaves on well-watered plants as the product of the number of cells and the size of the cells, Therefore, distinct phases of cell division and cell expansion were identified and temporally distinguished in the model, Cell division and cell expansion in the model were both sensitive to the fraction of transpirable soil water, The model proved capable of predicting the temporal development and the final area (r(2) = 0.91) of individual leaves on pea plants in response to soil water deficits. C1 INRA,ENSA M,UNITE AGRON,LEPSE,F-34060 MONTPELLIER 1,FRANCE. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 88 IS 3 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UR148 UT WOS:A1996UR14800018 ER PT J AU Terrill, TH Gelaye, S Mahotiere, S Amoah, EA Miller, S Gates, RN Windham, WR AF Terrill, TH Gelaye, S Mahotiere, S Amoah, EA Miller, S Gates, RN Windham, WR TI Rhizoma peanut and alfalfa productivity and nutrient composition in central Georgia SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Limits of environmental adaptation of 'Florigraze' rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.), a high-quality perennial warm-season legume, have not been well defined. A field experiment compared yield and nutritive value of rhizoma peanut and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in central Georgia on a Norfolk soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudults). Crude protein (CP), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, Ca, Mg, and P of total herbage, and dry matter (DM) yield and in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) of total herbage, leaf, and stem tissues were determined for three growing seasons. Annual DM yield of peanut and alfalfa averaged 7.6 and 11.8 Mg ha(-1), respectively. In the first 2 yr, alfalfa outyielded rhizoma peanut, but there was no difference in yield in the third year. Leaf DM yield was higher for peanut than for alfalfa in the third gear. Rhizoma peanut DM production occurred predominately during late summer and early autumn vs. spring for alfalfa. Rhizoma peanut total herbage DM was lower in CP and higher in Ca and Mg than that of alfalfa, but IVOMD was similar. Leaf IVOMD was higher for alfalfa than for rhizoma peanut, but IVOMD of peanut stems was equal to or higher than alfalfa stems. Rhizoma peanut has potential for central Georgia and other areas of the southern USA with a similar climate. C1 ARS,USDA,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. ARS,USDA,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP Terrill, TH (reprint author), FT VALLEY STATE COLL AGR RES STN,FT VALLEY,GA 31030, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 88 IS 3 BP 485 EP 488 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UR148 UT WOS:A1996UR14800021 ER PT J AU DegrandiHoffman, G Templin, M Buchmann, SL Erickson, EH AF DegrandiHoffman, G Templin, M Buchmann, SL Erickson, EH TI BK-ECONOMICS: A money management model for beekeepers SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP DegrandiHoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 136 IS 5 BP 331 EP 337 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UG697 UT WOS:A1996UG69700011 ER PT J AU Shipman, C AF Shipman, C TI Investigating bee behavior from the standpoint of fundamental physical principles SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB During the time I have been working with bees I have developed a keen interest in their behavior I am presently investigating bee behavior from the perspective of fundamental physical principles. My research objective is to develop cost efficient ways in which the management and effectiveness of honey bee colonies can be improved for pollination and honey production through the understanding and control of bee behavior. RP Shipman, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 136 IS 5 BP 339 EP 340 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UG697 UT WOS:A1996UG69700012 ER PT J AU Erickson, E King, A King, J AF Erickson, E King, A King, J TI Natural suppression of honey bee tracheal mites in North Dakota: A five year study SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The honey bee tracheal mite (HBTM), Acarapis woodi is a parasite that infests the tracheae of adult bees, It has been suggested that abnormally large brood comb cell diameter may stress the honey bee colony, thereby rendering its population more susceptible to infestation by parasitic mites. This five-year study of 80 colonies was undertaken to determine the effect of cell diameter on the incidence and population dynamics of HBTM In commercially managed colonies in North Dakota, We expected that HBTM infestations would develop naturally and advance to severe levels over time, This did not happen, Thus, the data presented document natural HBTM suppression. The data clearly demonstrate that low-level chronic infestations of HBTM may persist in honey bee colonies without apparent impact on colony vigor or productivity, The data do not explain why HBTM populations in these colonies remained suppressed, There was no significant effect of cell diameter on tracheal mite populations or on honey production. RP Erickson, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 136 IS 5 BP 365 EP 367 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UG697 UT WOS:A1996UG69700020 ER PT J AU Yaklich, RW Wergin, WP Erbe, EE AF Yaklich, RW Wergin, WP Erbe, EE TI Use of low temperature SEM to locate free water in frozen, hydrated seed tissues of Glycine max (Leguminosae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE freeze-etch-fracture; Glycine max; hydration; low temperature field emission electron microscopy; low temperature SEM; seeds; soybean ID VERSATILITY; CELLS AB Low temperature field emission electron microscopy was used to determine the location of free water in soybean seeds. Frozen, hydrated soybean seeds were fractured, the water etched from the fractured surface, and then part of the etched surface was refractured. The resulting surface, which contained a freeze-fractured face as well as a freeze-etched face was coated with platinum and viewed on the cryostage of a low temperature field emission electron microscope. Two surfaces could be viewed simultaneously to determine the location of water in the seed tissue. Viewing the fractured surface gave an indication of the extent of hydration of the tissue. Viewing the etched surface detailed the macro- and microanatomy of the tissue. Viewing the intersection between the fractured and etched surfaces allowed observation of the environment of partially etched cells and organelles. The technique avoids artifacts associated with chemical fixation, dehydration, and critical-point drying, procedures that affect the water content of the seed. The technique does not affect the degree of hydration of the seed and can be used to localize water in the inter- and intracellular environment of the seed. This technique could find wide application in studies of water relationships of seeds during development, maturation, and imbibition. C1 USDA ARS,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Yaklich, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BARC W,BLDG 008,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 83 IS 5 BP 550 EP 555 DI 10.2307/2445912 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UM572 UT WOS:A1996UM57200002 ER PT J AU Feldman, EB KrisEtherton, P Kritchevsky, D Lichtenstein, AH AF Feldman, EB KrisEtherton, P Kritchevsky, D Lichtenstein, AH TI Position paper on trans fatty acids. ASCN/AIN task force on trans fatty acids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hydrogenation; trans fatty acids; dietary recommendations; blood lipids; unsaturated fatty acids; saturated fatty acids ID UNITED-STATES DIET; SERUM-LIPIDS; OIL; LIPOPROTEINS; HUMANS; HYDROGENATION; MARGARINE; BUTTER; MEN AB This report addresses the current controversy about possible health hazards of dietary tuans fatty acid isomers, which are created during hydrogenation of unsaturated fats to change their textural properties and melting points. Estimates of intakes are approximations based on limited data and problematic analytic techniques. Major contributors in the diet are fried and baked foods and margarine, in which partially hydrogenated vegetable oils may replace fat sources richer in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Consumption of trans fatty acids in the United States has been relatively constant, and new food technologies are yielding decreases in the trans fatty acid content of commercially prepared foods. When intake of trans fatty acids (as hydrogenated fat) is compared with that of saturated fat, total and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations in blood are lower, but both trans fats and saturated fats increase total and LDL concentrations when compared with cis fatty acids or native unhydrogenated fat. Epidemiologic data are conflicting with respect to cardiovascular disease outcomes. We cannot conclude that the intake of trans fatty acids is a risk factor for coronary heart disease nor can we expect that substituting trans- for cia-containing fats will reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Few rigorous studies have dealt with biomedical effects of trans fatty acids and possible mechanisms relevant to human health and diseases. The nutrition labeling issue is unresolved. The options, recommendations, and research suggestions in this report should outline for nutrition scientists the database needed before any new dietary recommendations or changes in nutrition policy concerning trans fatty acids can be made. The debate about trans fatty acids should not detract from dietary recommendations to limit the intake of saturated fat and total fat. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT NUTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. WISTAR INST ANAT & BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Feldman, EB (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA,2123 CUMMING RD,AUGUSTA,GA 30904, USA. NR 32 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 63 IS 5 BP 663 EP 670 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UG919 UT WOS:A1996UG91900001 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME Fiatarone, MA Layne, JE Trice, I Economos, CD Fielding, RA Ma, RM Pierson, RN Evans, WJ AF Nelson, ME Fiatarone, MA Layne, JE Trice, I Economos, CD Fielding, RA Ma, RM Pierson, RN Evans, WJ TI Analysis of body-composition techniques and models for detecting change in soft tissue with strength training SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE soft tissue; muscle mass; fat-free mass; total body water; strength training; aging; postmenopausal status; exercise ID MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WOMEN; MORPHOLOGY; MEN AB The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of various body-composition assessment techniques to detect changes in soft tissue in older, weight-stable women (50-70 y of age) completing a 1-y randomized, controlled trial of progressive resistance training. The intervention group (n = 20) performed high-intensity strength-training 2 d/wk with five different exercises; the control group (n = 19) was untreated. Hydrostatic weighing, 24-h urinary creatinine, computed tomography of thigh sections, total body potassium, and tritium dilution techniques were used to measure increases in total fat-free mass (FFM) and the muscle and water components of FFM. A decrease in fat mass (by hydrostatic weighing) was seen in the strength-trained women compared with the control subjects (P = 0.01-0.0001). Anthropometry, bioelectric impedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and total body nitrogen and carbon did not measure any significant change in soft tissue. The choice of a body-composition technique is important when designing a study expected to affect soft tissue, because not all techniques available are precise enough to detect small changes. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. BOSTON UNIV,SARGENT COLL ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,DEPT HLTH SCI,BOSTON,MA 02215. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. COLUMBIA UNIV,ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP CTR,CTR RES CLIN NUTR,NEW YORK,NY. PENN STATE UNIV,NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Nelson, ME (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P01-DK42618] NR 18 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 63 IS 5 BP 678 EP 686 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UG919 UT WOS:A1996UG91900003 PM 8615349 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Nguyen, HV AF Davis, TA Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Nguyen, HV TI Protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and jejunum is more responsive to feeding in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE growth; fasting; insulin; insulin-like growth factor I; amino acids ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID INFUSION; SUCKLING RATS; FOOD-INTAKE; INSULIN; TISSUES; TURNOVER; HYPERINSULINEMIA; STAGE AB The study aimed to determine the developmental changes in the response of peripheral and visceral tissue protein synthesis to feeding during early postnatal life and the associated changes in circulating insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), and amino acid concentrations. Tissue protein synthesis was measured in vivo with a large dose of L-[4-H-3]phenylalanine in 7- and 26-day-old pigs that were either fasted for 24 h or refed for 2.75 h after a 24-h fast. Fractional rates of protein synthesis (K-s) in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver were greater in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. Refeeding stimulated K-s in skeletal muscle, pancreas, jejunum, and liver of both 7- and 26-day-old pigs. The stimulation of skeletal muscle and jejunal K-s by refeeding was greater in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were lower in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. Plasma concentrations of insulin and amino acids increased with refeeding. The increase in plasma insulin concentrations with refeeding was greater in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. These results indicate that the stimulation in skeletal muscle and jejunal protein synthesis by feeding is elevated in young compared with older suckling pigs. This enhanced stimulation of protein synthesis by feeding in neonatal pigs is associated with elevated circulating concentrations of insulin but not amino acids or IGF-I. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA, AGR RES SERV, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 37 TC 115 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 270 IS 5 BP E802 EP E809 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA UJ811 UT WOS:A1996UJ81100010 PM 8967468 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Wester, TJ Davis, TA Amick, S Heath, JP AF Burrin, DG Wester, TJ Davis, TA Amick, S Heath, JP TI Orally administered IGF-I increases intestinal mucosal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intestinal morphology; enterocyte; villus; growth factor; proliferation ID BINDING-PROTEINS; RECEPTORS; RATS; EXPRESSION; SERUM AB Our objective was to determine the potentially anabolic effects of orally administered recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) on small intestinal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs. Unsuckled neonatal pigs received formula or formula containing added rhIGF-I (3.5 mg . kg(-1). day(-1)) from birth to 4 days of age. Pigs in both groups were fed 30 ml/kg formula every 2 h on day 1 and then every 4 h on days 2-4, and blood was sampled daily. Oral administration of rhIGF-I to formula-fed neonatal pigs increased small intestinal weight, protein, and DNA content, but not length. Jejunal and ileal villus height, but not crypt depth or muscularis thickness, also were increased by oral rhIGF-I administration. Neither the circulating concentration of IGF-I nor the IGF-binding proteins differed between control and oral rhIGF-treated pigs, suggesting that the absorption of orally administered rhIGF-I from the intestinal lumen into the peripheral circulation was limited. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of rhIGF-I during the first 4 days after birth significantly increased small intestinal mucosal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs. These results suggest that oral administration of rhIGF-I may be a viable therapeutic approach to enhance intestinal growth in neonates. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, USDA ARS, DEPT PEDIAT, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 32 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 270 IS 5 BP R1085 EP R1091 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA UJ815 UT WOS:A1996UJ81500023 ER PT J AU Tabachnick, WJ MacLachlan, NJ Thompson, LH Hunt, GJ Patton, JF AF Tabachnick, WJ MacLachlan, NJ Thompson, LH Hunt, GJ Patton, JF TI Susceptibility of Culicoides variipennis sonorensis to infection by polymerase chain reaction-detectable bluetongue virus in cattle blood SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VECTOR; PATHOGENESIS; MOSQUITOS AB Cattle bloods containing only polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-detectable bluetongue-10 viral nucleic acid, but as determined by virus isolation techniques, not bluetongue-10 virus, were incapable of infecting intrathoracically inoculated Culicoides variipennis sonorensis. These insects also failed to transmit bluetongue-10 virus when fed on sheep. Cattle whose blood contain only PCR-detectable bluetongue viral nucleic acid, but no infectious virus, are unlikely to play a role in the epidemiology of bluetongue. The biological significance of PCR-based detection assays and their effect on animal health regulations on the international trade of livestock and livestock germplasm is discussed. Bluetongue virus infection provides a very useful model with which to study arthropod-transmitted RNA virus infections of humans and other animals. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Tabachnick, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 54 IS 5 BP 481 EP 485 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA UP632 UT WOS:A1996UP63200008 PM 8644902 ER PT J AU Jensen, T Cockburn, AF Kaiser, PE Barnard, DR AF Jensen, T Cockburn, AF Kaiser, PE Barnard, DR TI Human blood-feeding rates among sympatric sibling species of Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes in northern Florida SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY STRAINS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEX; HYBRIDIZATION; PATTERNS; KEY AB We compared rates of feeding on human hosts for blood-engorged female Anopheles quadrimaculatus species A, B and C-1 collected from daytime resting sites in Manatee Springs State Park, Levy County, Florida during 1992-1993. Quick-blot DNA probes were used to identify mosquito taxa and also the presence of human blood in the mosquito gut. In collections from a campground area, human blood-feeding rates differed significantly among mosquito species (10.7% [19 of 177], 0%, [0 of 62], and 1.2%, [4 of 327]), respectively, for species A, B and C-1). In collections from a woodland site (1 km from the campground), 1.5% (2 of 129) of the species B females had fed on humans, whereas none of 19 species A or 159 species C-1 females had done so. Of the three species in this study area, species A appears the most likely to be a biting pest of humans and a vector of human malaria. RP Jensen, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009 OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 54 IS 5 BP 523 EP 525 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA UP632 UT WOS:A1996UP63200015 PM 8644909 ER PT J AU Wittum, TE Young, CR Stanker, LH Griffin, DD Perino, LJ Littledike, ET AF Wittum, TE Young, CR Stanker, LH Griffin, DD Perino, LJ Littledike, ET TI Haptoglobin response to clinical respiratory tract disease in feedlot cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; BOVINE HAPTOGLOBIN; PROTEIN; SERUM AB Objective-To quantify haptoglobin response to respiratory tract disease in feedlot cattle, and to investigate its ability to predict disease outcome and response to antibiotic treatment. Design-Randomized clinical trial. Animals-60 feedlot calves with clinical respiratory tract disease. Procedure-Calves were randomly assigned to receive a standard antibiotic treatment regimen (TRT), or to observation pens without antibiotic treatment. Serum haptoglobin concentration was measured al initial and final examinations. Calves were examined for presence of gross pulmonary lesions at slaughter. Results-Mean +/- SD serum haptoglobin concentration at initial examination was 67 +/- 108 mg/dl, with range of 0 to 508 mg/dl. Haptoglobin concentration at initial examination was similar for the TRT group and the group that did not receive antibiotic treatment, but at final examination, TRT-group calves had lower (P < 0.01) mean values. Calves receiving antibiotic treatment had haptoglobin concentration at or near zero at: final examination. Calves not receiving antibiotic treatment had only slightly lower mean haptoglobin concentration at final examination, compared with initial examination. Within treatment groups, haptoglobin concentration was similar for cases with different outcomes. Calves with gross pulmonary lesions at slaughter had numerically higher, although statistically similar, haptoglobin concentrations at initial examination, compared with calves without lesions. Conclusions-Feedlot cattle with clinical respiratory tract disease have a large and variable haptoglobin response. Antibiotic treatment resulted in lower serum haptoglobin values, although low values were not required for full clinical recovery. Clinical Relevance-Serum haptoglobin concentration may be an indicator of response to antibiotic therapy, although it appears to be unrelated to case severity or need for treatment. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. UNIV NEBRASKA,GREAT PLAINS VET EDUC CTR,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 57 IS 5 BP 646 EP 649 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UJ994 UT WOS:A1996UJ99400013 PM 8723875 ER PT J AU Winter, AJ Schurig, GG Boyle, SM Sriranganathan, N Bevins, JS Enright, FM Elzer, PH Kopec, JD AF Winter, AJ Schurig, GG Boyle, SM Sriranganathan, N Bevins, JS Enright, FM Elzer, PH Kopec, JD TI Protection of BALB/c mice against homologous and heterologous species of Brucella by rough strain vaccines derived from Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis biovar 4 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MUTANT STRAINS; ABORTUS; INFECTION; CATTLE; RESPONSES; VACCINATION; EPIDIDYMITIS; SMOOTH; BISON; RAMS AB Objective-To evaluate stable rough mutants derived from Brucella melitensis 16M and B suis 2579 (biovar 4) as vaccines against homologous and heterologous Brucella spp in the BALB/c mouse model. Design, Animals, and Procedure-Rough mutants VTRM1 and VTRS1 were obtained from B melitensis 16M and B suis 2579, respectively, by allelic exchange of the rfbU gene encoding mannosyltransferase with a Tn5-disrupted rfbU gene. Mice were vaccinated with VTRM1 or VTRS1 and challenge exposed 8 weeks later. Results-VTRM1 and VTRS1 replicated extensively in the spleen during the first 3 weeks of infection, then decreased rapidly. Antibodies specific for the O polysaccharide were not detected in sera of mice inoculated with either rough strain. Vaccination with VTRM1 or VTRS1 induced protection against virulent strains of B abortus (2308), B melitensis (16M), B suis biovar 1 (750), and B suis biovar 4 (2579). VTRM1 also protected against B ovis (PA) and against 4 field isolates of B abortus from bison or elk. VTRS1 conferred protection against 4 field isolates of B suis biovar 4 from reindeer. Vaccines prepared from live VTRM1 or VTRS1 provided significantly greater protection than that afforded by vaccines of killed cells in QS-21 adjuvant. Vaccination with VTRM1 containing VTRS1 gave minimal protection against the antigenically unrelated Listeria monocytogenes, thus demonstrating the immunologic specificity of protection against Brucella spp. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results encourage evaluation, in primary host species, of VTRM1 and VTRS1, along with RB51, as alternative vaccines to strain 19, Rev 1, or other smooth phase vaccines. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. UNIV ALASKA,INST ARCTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA,VET SERV,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Winter, AJ (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 57 IS 5 BP 677 EP 683 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UJ994 UT WOS:A1996UJ99400019 PM 8723881 ER PT J AU delaConchaBermejillo, A MagnusCorral, S Brodie, SJ DeMartini, JC AF delaConchaBermejillo, A MagnusCorral, S Brodie, SJ DeMartini, JC TI Venereal shedding of ovine lentivirus in infected rams SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LYMPHOID INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; BOVINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE-1; VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; SEROPOSITIVE MEN; GENITAL-TRACT; SEMEN AB Objective-To assess shedding of ovine lentivirus (OvLV) in semen of infected rams with or without epididymitis. Design-Rams 1 and 2 were naturally infected with OvLV. Rams 3-6 were inoculated with OvLV strain 85/34. Ram 7 was inoculated with uninfected cell culture supernatatant (OvLV-negative control). 14 weeks after OvLV inoculation, rams 1-3, 6, and 7 were inoculated with Brucella ovis into the epididymis. Ram 4 was a natural case of B ovis epididymitis, and ram 5 was left non-inoculated (B ovis-negative control). Blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) and semen were collected between 0 and 44 weeks after OvLV inoculation. Animals-Seven 2- to 3-year-old rams. Procedure-Infective OvLV in BMNC and semen was determined by virus isolation and subsequent OvLV-DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bronchoalveolar lavage cells collected after death were used for DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Results-OvLV was detected in the semen of rams 3 and 6, but only after B ovis inoculation. OvLV was isolated consistently from BMNC of rams 3 and 6, but only occasionally from rams 1, 2, 4, and 5. Leukocytospermia was evident in every ejaculate of all B ovis-infected rams after infection. Semiquantitative PCR determination of OvLV DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage cells revealed the highest OvLV DNA load in rams 3 and 6. Conclusions-Leukocytospermia and a high virus load in infected animals are important factors that determine shedding of OvLV in semen. Clinical Relevance-Dissemination of OvLV through contaminated semen could have important implications in the epidemiology and control of this infection. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP delaConchaBermejillo, A (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,SAN ANGELO,TX 76901, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 57 IS 5 BP 684 EP 688 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UJ994 UT WOS:A1996UJ99400020 PM 8723882 ER PT J AU Lulai, EC Glynn, MT Orr, PH AF Lulai, EC Glynn, MT Orr, PH TI Cellular changes and physiological responses to tuber pressure-bruising SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE blackspot; periderm; porometry; pressure-flattening; tuber damage ID POTATO; SUBERIN AB Tubers located at lower depths in bins of stored potatoes suffer from pressure-bruising which often develops into an internal grayish or blackspot-like defect. However, little is known about key physiological and cellular changes that constitute pressure-bruising and resulting defects that degrade potato marketability and profits. We determined the changes in periderm water vapor permeability and some of the changes in cellular integrity that may occur in pressure-bruised areas compared to non-pressure-bruised areas of tubers after eight months of storage. Porometric measurements of pressure-bruised areas revealed elevated water vapor loss, which is conducive to blackspot formation, even though there were no apparent breaks in the periderm of pressure-bruised areas. Pressure-bruised areas did not appear to readily wound-heal, because the elevated water vapor loss was shown to continue, without decline, when the tubers were porometrically measured again 4 days after removal from the pressure-bruising environment. Analysis of changes in cellular integrity of pressure-bruised regions showed that the tough, rigid cells of the suberized phellem could be damaged or completely flattened by this form of stress. A layer of what appeared to be crushed cells was often detected beneath the pressure-bruised, but partially intact, phellem. Autofluorescence of the crushed layer appeared to be derived from cell walls of collapsed phelloderm cells, starch granules of neighboring cells and material accumulated as a physiological response to the cellular damage incurred from pressure-bruising. These results help explain why the blackspot-like defect sometimes occurs at pressure-bruise sites. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Lulai, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,POB 113,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 73 IS 5 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1007/BF02854874 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UM714 UT WOS:A1996UM71400001 ER PT J AU Bamberg, JB Longtine, CA Radcliffe, EB AF Bamberg, JB Longtine, CA Radcliffe, EB TI Fine screening Solanum (potato) germplasm accessions for resistance to Colorado potato beetle SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE breeding; germplasm enhancement; homozygosity ID GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; BERTHAULTII HAWKES; CHACOENSE BITTER; LARVAE; GLYCOALKALOIDS; BEHAVIOR AB This study was conducted to investigate the utility of systematic screening at the genotype level within Solanum accessions highly resistant to the Colorado potato beetle. Evaluations of clonally replicated genotypes showed that most accessions reported to be uniform when screened as populations contained small but significant variation among genotypes for resistance to oviposition, larvae, and defoliation, differences for numbers of larvae being most common. Adult counts and percentage defoliation were not as useful in evaluating among-genotype variability in beetle resistance. Genotypes of S. pinnatisectum WRF 343 and S. tarijense PI 473227 were the most uniformly and highly resistant to Colorado potato beetle. Genotypes of S. berthaultii PI 473331, S. chacoense PI 473405, and S. tarijense PI 473336 were moderately to highly resistant, and genotypes of S. bukasovii PI 473494 and S. canasense PI 230511 were uniformly susceptible to Colorado potato beetle. Nonparametric correlation analyses indicated that number of egg masses, small larvae, large larvae, and defoliation scores were positively correlated, negatively correlated, or not correlated, depending on the species. One generation of selection attempting to segregate resistance and susceptibility in nearly uniform and highly resistant S. pinnatisectum WRF 343 resulted in ''divergent'' populations that could not be distinguished from each other or the base population. Thus, through genotype (''fine'') screening and selection, we showed that some existing populations are virtually pure for extreme resistance. Use of individuals from such families would make screening breeding populations more efficient, and reduce the risk of losing resistance genes that have non-dominant effects. Fine screening, recurrent selection, and maintenance of such elite populations is recommended as an extension of population-based evaluation usually done by genebanks. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,POTATO INTRO STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 73 IS 5 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1007/BF02854875 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UM714 UT WOS:A1996UM71400002 ER PT J AU Read, JJ Morgan, JA AF Read, JJ Morgan, JA TI Growth and partitioning in Pascopyrum smithii (C-3) and Bouteloua gracilis (C-4) as influenced by carbon dioxide and temperature SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE acclimation to CO2; blue grama; Bouteloua gracilis; carbohydrate; climate change; global change; grass; growth; growth temperature optima; nitrogen; N uptake; Pascopyrum smithii; western wheatgrass ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN; RESPONSES; BIOMASS; MODEL AB This study investigated how CO2 and temperature affect dry weight (d.wt) accumulation, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration, and partitioning of C and N among organs of two important grasses of the shortgrass steppe, Pascopyrum smithii Rydb. (C-3) and Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud. (C-4). Treatment combinations comprised two temperatures (20 and 35 degrees C) at two concentrations of CO2 (380 and 750 mu mol mol(-1)), and two additional temperatures of 25 and 30 degrees C at 750 mu mol mol(-1) CO2. Plants were maintained under favourable nutrient and soil moisture and harvested following 21, 35, and 49 d of treatment. CO2-induced growth enhancements were greatest at temperatures considered favourable for growth of these grasses. Compared to growth at 380 mu mol mol(-1) CO2, final d.wt of CO2-enriched P. smithii increased 84% at 20 degrees C but only 4% at 35 degrees C. Final d.wt of B. gracilis was unaffected by CO2 at 20 degrees C, but was enhanced by 28% at 35 degrees C. Root:shoot ratios remained relatively constant across CO2 levels, but increased in P. smithii with reduction in temperature. These partitioning results were adequately explained by the theory of balanced root and shoot activity. Favourable growth temperatures led to CO2-induced accumulations of TNC in leaves of both species, and in stems of P. smithii, which generally reflected responses of above-ground d.wt partitioning to CO2. However, CO2-induced decreases in plant tissue N concentrations were more evident for P. smithii. Roots of CO2-enriched P. smithii had greater total N content at 20 degrees C, an allocation of N below-ground that may be an especially important adaptation for C-3 plants. Tissue N contents of B. gracilis were unaffected by CO2. Results suggest CO2 enrichment may lead to reduced N requirements for growth in C-3 plants and lower shoot N concentration, especially at favourable growth temperatures. (C) 1996 Annals of Botany Company C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 77 IS 5 BP 487 EP 496 DI 10.1006/anbo.1996.0059 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UM069 UT WOS:A1996UM06900009 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA Ziska, LH AF Bunce, JA Ziska, LH TI Responses of respiration to increases in carbon dioxide concentration and temperature in three soybean cultivars SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max L (Merr); carbon dioxide; respiration; temperature; climate change ID PLANT RESPIRATION; ELEVATED CO2; MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS; WHITE CLOVER; GROWTH; LEAVES; ENRICHMENT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; EFFLUX AB The purpose of this experiment was to determine how respiration of soybeans may respond to potential increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and growth temperature. Three cultivars of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.), from maturity groups 00, IV, and VIII, were grown at 370, 555 and 740 cm(3) m(-3) carbon dioxide concentrations at 20/15, 25/20, and 31/26 degrees C day/night temperatures. Rates of carbon dioxide efflux in the dark were measured for whole plants several times during exponential growth. These measurements were made at the night temperature and the carbon dioxide concentra:ion at which the plants were grown. For the lowest and highest temperature treatments, the short term response of respiration rate to measurement at the three growth carbon dioxide concentrations was also determined. Elemental analysis of the tissue was used to estimate the growth conversion efficiency. This was combined with the observed relative growth rates to estimate growth respiration. Maintenance respiration was estimated as the difference between growth respiration and total respiration. Respiration rates were generally sensitive to short term changes in the measurement carbon dioxide concentration for plants grown at the lowest, but not the highest carbon dioxide concentration. At all temperatures, growth at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations decreased total respiration measured at the growth concentration, with no significant differences among cultivars. Total respiration increased very little with increasing growth temperature, despite an increase in relative growth rate. Growth respiration was not affected by carbon dioxide treatment at any temperature, but increased with temperature because of the increase in relative growth rare. Values calculated for maintenance respiration decreased with increasing carbon dioxide concentration and also decreased with increasing temperature. Calculated values of maintenance respiration were sometimes zero or negative at the warmer temperatures. This suggests that respiration rates measured in the dark may not have reflected average 24-h rates of energy use. The results indicate that increasing astmospheric carbon dioxide concentration may reduce respiration in soybeans, and respiration may be insensitive to climate warming. (C) 1996 Annals of Botany Company RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 77 IS 5 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1006/anbo.1996.0061 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UM069 UT WOS:A1996UM06900011 ER PT J AU Gregory, R Brown, TC Knetsch, JL AF Gregory, R Brown, TC Knetsch, JL TI Valuing risks to the environment SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Increasing awareness of exposure to environmental risks has focused attention on measures that would give greater assurance that such risks are effectively managed and that the adverse consequences of risky activities are mitigated. Implementing such actions is made more difficult by the uncertainties of environmental changes, their often delayed impacts, the great importance attached to extremely small risks, and the lack of clear measures of the values of environmental losses. Findings from recent behavioral studies of people's time preferences, valuations of losses relative to gains, and risk perceptions are providing information that should lead to more effective risk management strategies. C1 US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO. SIMON FRASER UNIV,BURNABY,BC V5A 1S6,CANADA. RP Gregory, R (reprint author), DECIS RES,EUGENE,OR, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE SCIENCE PRESS PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0002-7162 J9 ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS JI Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 545 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1177/0002716296545001006 PG 10 WC Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UG665 UT WOS:A1996UG66500007 ER PT J AU Schmitt, JJ Brown, MW Davis, DR AF Schmitt, JJ Brown, MW Davis, DR TI Taxonomy, morphology, and biology of Lyonetia prunifoliella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), a leafminer of apple SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lyonetia; life history; Lepidoptera morphology AB North American Lyonetia speculella Clemens is reported to be a junior synonym of L. prunifoliella (Hubner) of Europe, thus establishing a holarctic distribution for the species. Larvae are blotch leafminers of apple, Malus domestica (Borkh.) as well as Betula, Ceanothus, Chaenomeles, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Mespilus, Prunus, and Sorbus. The morphology of each life stage of L. prunifoliella is described and illustrated. L. prunifoliella have 6-8 generations on apple in Jefferson County, West Virginia. Time from egg to adult was 20 d at 22-26 degrees C in the laboratory and was approximate to 34 d under field conditions in August and September. Adult males and females lived for 7.8 +/- 4.8 d (range, 3-20 d) and 8.3 +/- 4.5 d (range, 4-20 d), respectively, at 21-32 degrees C in the laboratory. Eight females laid 67.5 +/- 15.8 eggs (range, 15-170). RP Schmitt, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 89 IS 3 BP 334 EP 345 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UP235 UT WOS:A1996UP23500004 ER PT J AU Thorne, BL Haverty, MI Collins, MS AF Thorne, BL Haverty, MI Collins, MS TI Antillean termite named for a locality in Central America: Taxonomic memorial to a perpetuated error SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Nasutitermes acajutlae; Nasutitermes nigriceps; Isoptera; Termitidae; Nasutitermitinae AB The syntype series of the Antillean termite Nasutitermes acajutlae (Holmgren) (Isoptera: Termitidae; Nasutitermitinae) is reexamined. We discovered that one of the specimens, collected from Acajutla, San Salvador, did not come from the island of San Salvador in the Bahamas, as had been assumed since its description in 1910. Instead, it was collected from a locality near the capital of the Central American country of El Salvador. That specimen can now be identified as N. nigriceps (Haldeman). We designate the soldier from the St. Thomas, Virgin Island, syntype series as the lectotype for the species N. acajutlae. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,USDA,BERKELEY,CA 94701. SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM SUPPORT CTR,SUITLAND,MD 20746. RP Thorne, BL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 89 IS 3 BP 346 EP 347 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UP235 UT WOS:A1996UP23500005 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Wilson, WT AF Pettis, JS Wilson, WT TI Life history of the honey bee tracheal mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Acarapis woodi; Apis mellifera; parasite ID ACARAPIS-WOODI RENNIE; APIS-MELLIFERA AB Data on the seasonal reproductive patterns of the honey bee tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), were obtained by dissecting host honey bees, Apis mellifera L. at intervals during their life span. Mite reproduction normally was limited to 1 complete generation per host bee, regardless of host life span. However, limited egg laying by foundress progeny was observed. Longer lived bees in the fall and winter harbored mites that reproduced for a longer period than did mites in bees during spring and summer. Oviposition rate was relatively uniform at approximate to 0.85 eggs per female per day during the initial 16 d of adult bee life regardless of season. In all seasons, peak mite populations occurred in bees approximate to 24 d old, with egg laying declining rapidly beyond day 24 in spring and summer bees but more slowly in fall and winter bees. Stadial lengths of eggs and male and female larvae were 5, 4, and 5 d, respectively. Sex ratio ranged from 1.15:1 to 2.01:1, female bias, but because males are not known to migrate they would have been overestimated in the sampling scheme. Fecundity was estimated to be approximate to 21 offspring, assuming daughter mites laid limited eggs in tracheae before dispersal. Mortality of adult mites increased with host age; an estimate of 35 d for female mite longevity was indirectly obtained. Daughter mites began dispersing when infested bees were approximate to 13 d old, and mite dispersal peaked when infested bees were 15-25 d old. The mating behavior of tracheal mites is described. C1 ARS,HONEY BEE RES UNIT,USDA,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 89 IS 3 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UP235 UT WOS:A1996UP23500009 ER PT J AU Riemann, JG AF Riemann, JG TI Dorsal disks on the abdomens of Aleurodicus dugesii males (Homoptera: Aleurodicinae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE whiteflies; Aleurodicus dugesii; morphology; dorsal disks; ultrastructure ID ULTRASTRUCTURE; GLANDS AB Adult males of the whitefly Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell have large numbers of dorsal disks located on the dorsal surface of their abdomens. These disks have many cuticular pores and occur above a relatively large lumen into which 1 or possibly more epidermal cells release secretory material. The complex of modified cuticle and epidermal cells appeared essentially similar to those on the dorsal surface of abdomens of adult male greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Thus, the dorsal disks appear to be widely distributed among whiteflies. The function of the dorsal disks and the nature of the secretory material remains unknown. That the disks are sex limited suggests a role in reproduction. For several reasons, but especially because of a lack of innervation, it is thought unlikely that the dorsal disks function as sensory receptors. RP Riemann, JG (reprint author), ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,USDA,STATE UNIV STN,BOX 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 89 IS 3 BP 405 EP 409 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UP235 UT WOS:A1996UP23500014 ER PT J AU Miller, SG Miller, RD AF Miller, SG Miller, RD TI Infection Enterococcus from Heliothis virescens x H-subflexa backcross hybrids (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa; backcross hybrids; Enterococcus; male sterility ID DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; COMB-NOV; INCOMPATIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; STREPTOCOCCI; EXPRESSION; STERILITY; SYMBIONT; INSECTS; ACIDS AB Plating assays have revealed the presence of a bacterium in extracts of tissues from backcross hybrid insects, derived from crosses between Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa, a bacterium found rarely and in much lower abundance in either of the 2 parent species. The bacterium is primarily localized within the gut but is also consistently recovered in small numbers from other somatic and germinal tissues. Fatty acid profile analyses and the sequence of its 16s ribosomal RNA indicate that the bacterium is an Enterococcus related to Enterococcus sulfureus and E. casseliflavus, species that previously have been encountered in insects and on plant tissues. Injection of the Enterococcus into H. virescens hosts results in the establishment of a bacterial infection similar to that of naturally infected backcross hybrids in terms of tissue distribution and relative magnitude among tissues. Like backcross hybrid males, almost 90% of H. virescens male moths infected as larvae were sterile in single pair test matings. The inability to either rescue male fertility in backcross lines cured of the Enterococcus or to observe characteristic abnormalities in sperm ultrastructure, however, casts doubt on the likelihood that this microorganism is the proximate cause of male sterility in backcross hybrid insects. RP Miller, SG (reprint author), ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 89 IS 3 BP 420 EP 427 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UP235 UT WOS:A1996UP23500016 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Molina, OH Heath, RR Ward, K Dueben, BD Millar, JG AF Landolt, PJ Molina, OH Heath, RR Ward, K Dueben, BD Millar, JG TI Starvation of cabbage looper moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) increases attraction to male pheromone SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Trichoplusia ni; pheromone; attractant; feeding; behavior; sugar ID SEX-PHEROMONE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; FLORAL COMPOUNDS; IDENTIFICATION; STRATEGIES; REVERSAL AB We compared the attraction of fed versus unfed cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), to male pheromone. Significantly more starved females and starved males were attracted to male pheromone than were females or males that were provided a sugar-honey mixture. Food availability did not affect male attractiveness or male pheromone production, only female responsiveness. Female T. ni that were fed either honey, fructose, glucose, maltose, or sucrose were less likely to respond to male pheromone, compared to females that were not fed. Cabbage looper moth attraction to male pheromone may he related to food-finding behavior. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), ARS,USDA,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 89 IS 3 BP 459 EP 465 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UP235 UT WOS:A1996UP23500021 ER PT J AU Bali, G Raina, AK Kingan, TG Lopez, JD AF Bali, G Raina, AK Kingan, TG Lopez, JD TI Ovipositional behavior of newly colonized corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) females and evidence for an oviposition stimulating factor of male origin SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; oviposition; feral insects ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; EGG MATURATION; MOTH; VIRGIN AB Oviposition behavior of newly colonized females of the cent earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Hubner), was very differ ent from that of females from a laboratory colony. Newly colonized virgin females laid very few eggs, and mated females required a host plant or a part of it such as corn silk for egg laying. Mating stimulated both egg maturation and oviposition in newly colonized females. Extracts of male accessory glands injected into 1-d-old virgin females, stimulated both egg maturation and oviposition. During the observation period, largest number of eggs was laid on the 6th d after treatment. However, 5-d-old virgin females injected with the accessory gland esl act showed a significant increase in oviposition within 24 h. Further purification of the active factor is in progress. Females mated, to males from which testes, accessory glands, and the duplex had been removed behaved like virgins. Topical application of methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog, to virgin females resulted in an increase in egg maturation but not in oviposition. C1 ARS, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 89 IS 3 BP 475 EP 480 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UP235 UT WOS:A1996UP23500023 ER PT J AU DeLucca, AJ Walsh, TJ Daigle, DJ AF DeLucca, AJ Walsh, TJ Daigle, DJ TI N-acetylcysteine inhibits germination of conidia and growth of Aspergillus spp and Fusarium spp SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; FUMIGATUS; CYSTEINE AB N-Acetylcysteine inhibited hyphal growth and germination of conidia of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. N-Acetylcysteine inhibited conidial germination as well as or better than L-cysteine. Cysteine-related compounds may provide a potential therapeutic strategy against agriculturally and medically important fungal pathogens. C1 NCI,INFECT DIS SECT,PEDIAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. ARS,SO REG RES CTR,USDA,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1276 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UJ076 UT WOS:A1996UJ07600041 PM 8723482 ER PT J AU Li, SX Cullen, D Hjort, M Spear, R Andrews, JH AF Li, SX Cullen, D Hjort, M Spear, R Andrews, JH TI Development of an oligonucleotide probe for Aureobasidium pullulans based on the small-subunit rRNA gene SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; CELLS; LEAVES AB Aureobasidium pullulans, a cosmopolitan yeast-like fungus, colonizes leaf surfaces and has potential as a biocontrol agent of pathogens. To assess the feasibility of rRNA as a target for A. pullulans-specific oligonucleotide probes, we compared the nucleotide sequences of the small-subunit rRNA (18S) genes of 12 geographically diverse A. pullulans strains. Extreme sequence conservation was observed. The consensus A. pullulans sequence was compared with other fungal sequences to identify potential probes. A 21-mer probe which hybridized to the 12 A. pullulans strains but not to 98 other fungi, including 82 isolates from the phylloplane, was identified. A 17-mer highly specific for Cladosporium herbarum was also identified. These probes have potential in monitoring and quantifying fungi in leaf surface and other microbial communities. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1514 EP 1518 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA UJ228 UT WOS:A1996UJ22800004 PM 8633850 ER PT J AU Faith, NG Shere, JA Brosch, R Arnold, KW Ansay, SE Lee, MS Luchansky, JB Kaspar, CW AF Faith, NG Shere, JA Brosch, R Arnold, KW Ansay, SE Lee, MS Luchansky, JB Kaspar, CW TI Prevalence and clonal nature of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on dairy farms in Wisconsin SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; SEROTYPE O157-H7; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; 0157-H7; CATTLE AB A survey was conducted between March and October of 1994 to determine the prevalence and identify the sources of serotype O157:H7 isolates of Escherichia coli in Wisconsin dairy herds. A stratified sample of 400 farms was identified, and 70 farms with weaned calves less than 4 months old were included in the study. During the prevalence study, 5 of the 70 farms (herd prevalence, 7.1 +/- 4.5%) and fecal samples from 10 of 560 calves (animal prevalence, 1.8%) tested positive for serotype O157:H7, in a follow-up study, the five O157:H7-positive farms and seven of the O157:H7-negative farms identified in the prevalence study were visited again, An additional 517 fecal samples from cattle of various ages were tested, and a total of 15 animals from four of the five herds that were previously positive and 4 animals from two of seven herds that were previously negative tested positive for E. coli O157:H7, Observations made during the follow-up study suggested that horizontal transmission was an important means of E. coli O157:H7 dissemination on the farms. A total of 302 environmental samples, were examined, and 2 animal drinking water samples from one previously negative farm and 1 animal drinking water sample from a previously positive farm contained E. coli O157:H7. Analyses by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis technique of contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis revealed that isolates from the same farm displayed identical or very similar XbaI restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDF), whereas isolates from different farms typically displayed different REDP. However, more than one REDP was usually observed for a given herd over the 8-month sampling period. Analyses of multiple isolates from an animal revealed that some animals harbored O157:H7 strains that had different REDP, although the REDP of isolates obtained from the same fecal sample were very similar. Collectively, 160 bovine isolates obtained from 29 different animals and three water isolates displayed 20 distinct XbaI REDP, Our data revealed that there are several clonal types of serotype O157:H7 isolates in Wisconsin and indicated that there is probably more than one source of this pathogen on the dairy farms studied, However, animal drinking water was identified as one source off. coli O157:H7 on one farm. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, FOOD RES INST, DEPT FOOD MICROBIOL & TOXICOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FOOD SCI, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. USDA, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, MADISON, WI 53719 USA. OI Brosch, Roland /0000-0003-2587-3863 NR 32 TC 208 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1519 EP 1525 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA UJ228 UT WOS:A1996UJ22800005 PM 8633851 ER PT J AU Bogan, BW Lamar, RT AF Bogan, BW Lamar, RT TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities of Phanerochaete laevis HHB-1625 and its extracellular ligninolytic enzymes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; CHRYSOSPORIUM; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; LIGNINASES; OXIDATION; GROWTH AB The ability of Phanerochaete laevis HHB-1625 to transform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in liquid culture was studied in relation to its complement of extracellular ligninolytic enzymes, In nitrogen-limited liquid medium, P. laevis produced high levels of manganese peroxidase (MnP), MnP activity was strongly regulated by the amount of Mn2+ in the culture medium, as has been previously shown for several other white rot species, Low levels of laccase were also detected, No lignin peroxidase (LiP) was found in the culture medium, either by spectrophotometric assay or by Western blotting (immunoblotting). Despite the apparent reliance of the strain primarily on MnP, liquid cultures of P. laevis were capable of extensive transformation of anthracene, phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene. Crude extracellular peroxidases from P. laevis transformed all of the above PAHs, either in MnP-Mn2+ reactions or in MnP-based lipid peroxidation systems. In contrast to previously published studies with Phanerochaete chrysosporium, metabolism of each of the four PAHs yielded predominantly polar products, with no significant accumulation of quinones, Further studies with benz[a] anthracene and its 7,12-dione indicated that only small amounts of quinone products were ever present in P. laevis cultures and that quinone intermediates of PAH metabolism were degraded faster and more extensively by P. laevis than by P. chrysosporium. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT CELL & MOLEC BIOL, MADISON, WI USA. RP US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 37 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1597 EP 1603 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA UJ228 UT WOS:A1996UJ22800018 PM 8633857 ER PT J AU Kim, AY Thayer, DW AF Kim, AY Thayer, DW TI Mechanism by which gamma irradiation increases the sensitivity of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 to heat SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; STRAND BREAKS; DNA; THERMORADIATION; MEMBRANE; CELLS AB Effects of irradiation and heating on survival of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 were examined by measuring DNA damage and the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane, S. typhimurium cells fell into two distinct groups following heating: (i) heat-sensitive tells, which were rapidly inactivated at 65 degrees C and (ii) heat-resistant cells, which were only slowly inactivated at 65 degrees C. Radiation sensitivity of S. typhimurium was greater in the presence of air than in the presence of N-2 gas (radiation doses required to inactivate 90% of the cells, 0.394 +/- 0.029 in air and 0.561 +/- 0.035 in N-2), Recovery of the covalently closed circular form of plasmid pBR322 from S. typhimurium transformants (Amp(r) Tet(r)) was decreased by irradiation but not by heating, Heating prior to irradiation significantly decreased the recovery of plasmid DNA without affecting survival of S. typhimurium. Transformability of the recovered plasmid pBR322 was affected by neither irradiation nor heating, and mutation of antibiotic resistance genes was not detected in S. typhimurium. Heating, but not irradiation, caused destabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane, allowing penetration of hydrophobic dye, These results suggest that lethality of heating followed by irradiation for S. typhimurium was additive, reflecting irradiation-induced DNA damage and heat-induced membrane destabilization. When irradiation preceded heating in the absence of air, more cells were inactivated than was expected, because of heat-inactivating radiation-damaged DNA. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1759 EP 1763 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA UJ228 UT WOS:A1996UJ22800043 PM 8633874 ER PT J AU Bogan, BW Lamar, RT Hammel, KE AF Bogan, BW Lamar, RT Hammel, KE TI Fluorene oxidation in vivo by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro during manganese peroxidase-dependent lipid peroxidation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIGNIN-DEGRADING ENZYME; ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; SURFACTANTS; OXYGENASE; ACETATE; GROWTH; DDT AB The oxidation of fluorene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon which is not a substrate for fungal lignin peroxidase, was studied in liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro with P. chrysosporium extracellular enzymes, Intact fungal cultures metabolized fluorene to 9-hydroxyfluorene via 9-fluorenone. Some conversion to more-polar products was also observed. Oxidation of fluorene to 9-fluorenone was also obtained in vitro in a system that contained manganese(II), unsaturated fatty acid, and either crude P. chrysosporium peroxidases or purified recombinant manganese peroxidase. The oxidation of fluorene in vitro was inhibited by the free-radical scavenger butylated hydroxytoluene but not by the lignin peroxidase inhibitor NaVO3. Manganese(III)-malonic acid complexes could not oxidize fluorene. These results indicate that fluorene oxidation in vitro was a consequence of lipid peroxidation mediated by P. chrysosporium manganese peroxidase, The rates of fluorene and diphenylmethane disappearance in vitro were significantly faster than those of true polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or fluoranthenes, whose rates of disappearance were ionization potential dependent. This result indicates that the initial oxidation of fluorene proceeds by mechanisms other than electron abstraction and that benzylic hydrogen abstraction is probably the route for oxidation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CELL & MOLEC BIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Bogan, BW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 42 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1788 EP 1792 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA UJ228 UT WOS:A1996UJ22800048 PM 16535320 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Estell, RE Havstad, KM Shupe, WL Libeau, R Murray, LW AF Anderson, DM Estell, RE Havstad, KM Shupe, WL Libeau, R Murray, LW TI Differences in ewe and wether behavior when bonded to cattle SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; cattle; grazing; social grouping; predation ID SHEEP; HEIFERS AB Under mixed stocking, both intra- and inter-species associations exist, Sheep normally do not associate with cattle when the two species are grazed together. However, sheep can be made to consistently stay close to (bond) and follow cattle if forced in close association with cattle at an early age for a period of time. The cohesiveness of this inter-species association under free-ranging conditions varies due to many factors, including sheep gender, Bonded wethers stay nearer to cattle than do bonded ewes. However, the distance of separation between bonded sheep groups and cattle groups during grazing increases over time, Though the mechanism(s) for these phenomena are not presently understood, keeping a few bonded wethers with bonded ewes may enhance the establishment and maintenance of consistently coherent range flerds (flocks + herds). C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), NMSU,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,USDA ARS,DEPT 3JER,BOX 30003,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(95)00676-1 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA UU246 UT WOS:A1996UU24600005 ER PT J AU Beach, ED Boyd, R Uri, ND AF Beach, ED Boyd, R Uri, ND TI Expanding biodegradable polymer resin use: Assessing the aggregate impact on the US economy SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; polymer resins; computable general equilibrium model; environmental degradation; US economy AB This paper assesses the aggregate impact of the substitution of cornstarch-based biodegradable polymer resins for petroleum-based plastic materials and resins on the US economy. The analytical approach used consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of 14 producing sectors, 14 consuming sectors, 6 household categories classified by income, and a government The results suggest that for a $1.00 / lb of resin subsidy, the substitution of cornstarch-based biodegradable polymer resins for petroleum-based plastic materials and resins will result in an increase in output by all producing sectors of 0.067% or about $542 million, a rise in the consumption of goods and services of about 0.003% or $110 million, a rise in total utility of 0.004% or $168 million, and a net increase in government expenditures of 0.047% or $369 million. The agricultural sectors would be affected. For example, with a subsidy to promote the substitution of cornstarch-based biodegradable polymer resins for petroleum-based plastic materials and resins, output in the program crops sector (primarily corn) will expand (by about $431 million), output in the livestock sector will increase (by about $27 million), and output in all other agriculture commodities sectors will be increased (by about $192 million). When a larger subsidy of a $3.50 / lb for the production of cornstarch-based biodegradable polymer resins is considered, the effects are comparable to the $1.00 / lb subsidy case. The differences between the impacts of the two subsidies are primarily with regard to the order of magnitude of the changes in the equilibrium values of the prices and quantities. C1 ERS,NRED,PMTB,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. OHIO DEPT AGING,COLUMBUS,OH. OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 20 IS 5 BP 388 EP 398 DI 10.1016/0307-904X(95)00158-G PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA UH180 UT WOS:A1996UH18000006 ER PT J AU Bethlenfalvay, GJ Mihara, KL Schreiner, RP McDaniel, H AF Bethlenfalvay, GJ Mihara, KL Schreiner, RP McDaniel, H TI Mycorrhizae, biocides, and biocontrol, .1. Herbicide-mycorrhiza interactions in soybean and cocklebur treated with bentazon SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glomus spp; Glycine max; weed control; Xanthium strumarium ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; WEED MANAGEMENT; PLANTS; FUNGI AB Interactions between herbicides and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi are little-known but may differentially affect the development of tolerant and susceptible plants. We conducted this greenhouse study to determine if VAM fungi modify the effects of the herbicide bentazon (3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothidiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide) on soybean (Glycine mar (L.) Merr.) and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). The experiment was designed as an eight-treatment, 2 x 2 x 2 factorial, Individual potted soybean or cocklebur plants were grown in a high (28 mg kg(-1)) P-content soil. The plants were colonized by VAM fungi (a mixture of Glomus etunicatum Becker and Gerdemann, Glomus leptotichum Schenck and Smith, and Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe) and sprayed with bentazon. Alternatively, they were exposed only to VAM fungi or to the herbicide, or to neither of these factors. The effects of VAM fungi on plant dry mass were small, but larger in cocklebur than in soybean, especially for the herbicide-treated plants. Root/shoot ratios in cocklebur were larger and shoot dry matter content smaller than those in soybean. The VAM effect in the herbicide-treated plants was greater than in the nontreated ones for both parameters. Colonized root length in cocklebur was drastically reduced by the herbicide (43%), as were leaf dry weight and N, P, and K concentrations. Changes were small, and generally not significant in soybean. Gradual necrosis of treated cocklebur shoots was related to an accelerated loss of shoot dry matter, especially in VAM plants. The data suggest that changes in source-sink relations following herbicide treatment favor enhanced export of shoot dry matter to the roots in susceptible relative to tolerant plants. This biomass may be preferentially available for export from susceptible-plant roots to the soil system through the VAM mycelium. RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, HCRL, 3420 NW ORCHARD AVE, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0929-1393(96)00092-3 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UX868 UT WOS:A1996UX86800002 ER PT J AU Bethlenfalvay, GJ Schreiner, RP Mihara, KL McDaniel, H AF Bethlenfalvay, GJ Schreiner, RP Mihara, KL McDaniel, H TI Mycorrhizae, biocides, and biocontrol .2. Mycorrhizal fungi enhance weed control and crop growth in a soybean-cocklebur association treated with the herbicide bentazon SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; inter-plant nutrient transfer; mycorrhiza; source-sink relations; weed control; Xanthium strumarium ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; ROOT SYSTEMS; PLANTS; CARBON; PHOSPHORUS; MYCELIUM; MAIZE; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT AB The mediation of herbicide effects on weed-crop combinations by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi is essentially unknown. We conducted a greenhouse study to determine if VAM fungi, whose hyphae interconnect the roots of adjacent plants, modify herbicide effects by enhancing nutrient fluxes between associated plants. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) plants were grown together in pots (1.5 L) in a high-P (28 mg kg(-1)) soil. They were sprayed with the herbicide, bentazon (BEN, 3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothidiazine-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide), at dose rates of 0, 1/3, 2/3, 3/3, and 4/3 of field recommendation (FR, 1.12 kg a.i. ha(-1)) while in the 7- to 8-leaf stage. Labelled N (1 mt of 100 mM (NH4NO3)-N-15, 98 atom percent N-15) was applied to the cocklebur leaves 4 days before spraying and then assayed in the soybean leaves at harvest. Growth and nutrient contents of +VAM soybean shoots were enhanced only at the intermediate FR levels, while shoot growth in adjacent cocklebur was inhibited beyond the extent measured in -VAM plants. Labelled N was at natural abundance in both + VAM and - VAM soybean leaves at 4/3-FR, but at 1/3-FR to 3/3-FR N-15 abundance was significantly higher in + VAM than in - VAM plants. These results suggest that shifts in source-sink relations occurred both within each plant and between plants as a result of the selective stress imposed on cocklebur. Moreover, this shift in competitiveness permitted a VAM-mediated flux of nutrients from weed to crop. RP USDA ARS, HCRL, 3420 NW ORCHARD AVE, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 3 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0929-1393(96)00093-5 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UX868 UT WOS:A1996UX86800003 ER PT J AU Xu, RD Huang, X Morgan, TD Prakash, O Kramer, KJ Hawley, MD AF Xu, RD Huang, X Morgan, TD Prakash, O Kramer, KJ Hawley, MD TI Characterization of products from the reactions of N-acetyldopamine quinone with N-acetylhistidine SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quinone; catecholamine; cuticle; histidine; protein; sclerotization; adduct; oxidation; addition ID INSECT CUTICLE; COHERENCE TRANSFER; CROSS-LINKS; NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; C-13; PROTEINS; SPECTRA AB When insects harden or sclerotize their exoskeletons, quinones of N-acetylated catecholamines such as N-acetyldopamine (NADA) undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with amino acids such as histidine in cuticular proteins, To determine the products that might form when this type of reaction occurs during cuticle sclerotization, the reactions between electrochemically prepared NADA quinone and N-acetylhistidine (NAcH), a protein model nucleophile, have been investigated at pH 7. Two major products, 6-[N-(N-acetylhistidyl)]-N-acetyldopamine and 2-[N-(N-acetylhistidyl)]-N-acetyldopamine, were purified by semipreparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relative molar ratio of the C(6) mono-addition adduct to the C(2) mono-addition adduct is 87:13. UV/vis spectroscopic analysis shows that both products have an absorption maximum at 284 nm. Cyclic voltammetry shows that these adducts are oxidized less readily than NADA. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 329 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1006/abbi.1996.0191 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA UG917 UT WOS:A1996UG91700008 PM 8619635 ER PT J AU Swanson, DK AF Swanson, DK TI Susceptibility of permafrost soils to deep thaw after forest fires in interior Alaska, USA, and some ecologic implications SO ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANADA; VOLE AB Some soils with permafrost thaw deeply and become drier after forest fires in interior Alaska, while others change little. Soils with permafrost on the coldest and wettest landscape positions (concave to plane, lower slope positions, and north-facing midslopes) usually failed to thaw deeply after fires in the study area. Soils with permafrost on warmer and drier positions (convexities, crests and shoulders, and east-, west-, or south-facing midslopes) thawed deeply in some instances and not in others, presumably as a function of fire severity or frequency. The driest soils (those on convex, upper slope positions, usually with sand and gravel at shallow depth) lack permafrost regardless of time since fire. Postfire vegetation changes on soils that fail to thaw are weaker than on soils that thaw deeply after fire or were dry and originally free of permafrost. Soils with permafrost that fail to thaw show little postfire increase in cover of the plants browsed by moose. More cover and forage for voles are present on soils with permafrost and soils that thaw deeply after fires than on those that are always dry and permafrost free. C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,FAIRBANKS,AK 99709. NR 35 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 10 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 SN 0004-0851 J9 ARCTIC ALPINE RES JI Arct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 28 IS 2 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.2307/1551763 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA UN843 UT WOS:A1996UN84300011 ER PT J AU Leprince, O Hendry, GAF Atherton, NM WaltersVertucci, C AF Leprince, O Hendry, GAF Atherton, NM WaltersVertucci, C TI Free radicals and metabolism associated with the acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance in developing seeds SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biochemical-Society 657th Meeting Aberdeen CY DEC 18-21, 1995 CL UNIV ABERDEEN, ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND SP Biochem Soc HO UNIV ABERDEEN ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SUPEROXIDE C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT ANIM & PLANT SCI,NERC,UNIT COMPARAT PLANT ECOL,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT CHEM,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP Leprince, O (reprint author), JOHN INNES CTR,DEPT BRASSICA & OILSEED RES,NORWICH NR4 7UH,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 451 EP 455 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA UN108 UT WOS:A1996UN10800025 PM 8736782 ER PT J AU Gressel, N Mccoll, JG Preston, CM Newman, RH Powers, RF AF Gressel, N Mccoll, JG Preston, CM Newman, RH Powers, RF TI Linkages between phosphorus transformations and carbon decomposition in a forest soil SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon decomposition; forest harvesting; forest soil; NMR spectroscopy; phosphorus cycling ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; P-31 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; C-13 CPMAS NMR; ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; SOLUBLE ORGANICS; PLANT-MATERIAL; FULVIC-ACIDS AB Phosphorus mineralization is chemically coupled with organic matter (OM) decomposition in surface horizons of a mixed-conifer forest soil from the Sierra Nevada, California, and is also affected by the disturbance caused by forest harvesting. Solution C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of NaOH extracts revealed a decrease of O-alkyl and alkyl-C fractions with increasing degree of decomposition and depth in the soil profile, while carbonyl and aromatic C increased. Solid-state C-13-NMR analysis of whole soil samples showed similar trends, except that alkyl C increased with depth. Solution P-31-NMR indicated that inorganic P (P-i) increased with increasing depth, while organic-P (P-o) fractions decreased. Close relationships between P mineralization and litter decomposition were suggested by correlations between P-i and C fractions (r = 0.82, 0.81, -0.87, and -0.76 for carbonyl, aromatic, alkyl and O-alkyl fractions, respectively). Correlations for diester-P and pyrophosphate with O-alkyl (r = 0.63 and 0.84) and inverse correlations with aromatics (r = -0.74 and -0.72) suggest that mineralization of these P fractions coincides with availability of C substrate. A correlation between monoester P and alkyl C (r = 0.63) suggests mineralization is linked to breakdown of structural components of the plant litter. NMR analyses, combined with Hedley-P fractionation, suggest that post-harvest buildup of labile P in decomposed litter increases the potential for leaching of P during the first post-harvest season, but also indicates reduced biological activity that transports P from litter to the mineral soil. Thus, P is temporarily stored in decomposed litter, preventing its fixation by mineral oxides. In the mineral horizons, P-31-NMR provides evidence of decline in biologically-available P during the first post-harvest season. C1 NAT RESOURCES CANADA, PACIFIC FORESTRY CTR, VICTORIA, BC V8Z 1M5, CANADA. IND RES LTD, LOWER HUTT, NEW ZEALAND. USDA FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, REDDING, CA 96001 USA. RP Gressel, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DIV ECOSYST SCI, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT, 151 HILGARD HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 72 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 2 BP 97 EP 123 DI 10.1007/BF02181034 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA UT832 UT WOS:A1996UT83200002 ER PT J AU Wang, ZS Goetsch, AL Park, KK Patil, AR Kouakou, B Galloway, DL Rossi, JE AF Wang, ZS Goetsch, AL Park, KK Patil, AR Kouakou, B Galloway, DL Rossi, JE TI Addition of different sources and levels of amino acids and sugars to broiler litter before deep-stacking SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE poultry litter; deep-stack; nutritive value; nitrogen; ruminants ID SOYBEAN-MEAL; AMMONIA RELEASE; RUMINANTS; PROTEIN; NITROGEN; DEGRADATION; DIGESTION; INVITRO; XYLOSE; DIGESTIBILITY AB Different sources and levels of amino acids (soybean meal at 0, 10, 20 or 40% of dry matter; similar quantities of lysine and methionine in synthetic forms) and sugars were mixed with broiler litter and placed in dacron bags embedded in a deep-stack for 3 or 9 weeks to determine changes in concentrations of nitrogen fractions and digestibility in ruminants. Pepsin-insoluble nitrogen concentration after 48 h of ruminal incubation was not changed by deep-stacking for 3 wk and only slightly elevated at 9 wk; Deep-stacking did not markedly alter in situ ruminal disappearance of broiler litter nitrogen. Conversely, in situ ruminal nitrogen disappearance of soybean meal substrates was decreased by deep-stacking; the change was greater for 16 than for 48 h of ruminal incubation. Sugar addition to soybean meal substrates did not appear to enhance rumen undegradable protein concentration. In conclusion, these results suggest that potential exists to markedly increase rumen undegradable protein in soybean meal and possibly other feedstuffs high in rumen digestible protein by addition to broiler lifter before deep-stacking. C1 USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(96)00017-X PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA VG117 UT WOS:A1996VG11700004 ER PT J AU Zaidi, BR Mehta, NK Imam, SH Greene, RV AF Zaidi, BR Mehta, NK Imam, SH Greene, RV TI Inoculation of indigenous and non-indigenous bacteria to enhance biodegradation of P-nitrophenol in industrial wastewater: Effect of glucose as a second substrate SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOIL; KINETICS; MINERALIZATION AB Two indigenous and one non-indigenous bacterial strains were evaluated for their ability to degrade p-nitrophenol (PNP) in pure culture. When these bacterial strains were inoculated into industrial wastewater to enhance the degradation of PNP in the presence or absence of glucose, all three strains degraded 20 mg/l of PNP with or without added glucose. With PNP (20 mg/l) and glucose (100 mg/l), non-indigenous strain Corynebacterium Z-4 utilized glucose and PNP simultaneously. Unexpectedly, indigenous strains Pseudomonas putida and Corynebacterium Z-2 utilized PNP first. The behavior of the non-indigenous isolate Corynebacterium Z-4 was also somewhat surprising because when inoculated into lake water containing 26 ug/l of PNP and 100 mg/l of glucose, it preferentially utilized glucose (Zaidi et al. 1995). However, in industrial wastewater containing the same PNP and glucose concentrations, it instead switched and utilized PNP first. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO, DEPT CHEM ENGN, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00681 USA. ARS, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, USDA, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP Zaidi, BR (reprint author), UNIV PUERTO RICO, DEPT MARINE SCI, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00681 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 EI 1573-6776 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 18 IS 5 BP 565 EP 570 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UM862 UT WOS:A1996UM86200016 ER PT J AU Elias, KS Cotty, PJ AF Elias, KS Cotty, PJ TI Incidence and stability of infection by double-stranded RNA genetic elements in Aspergillus section flavi and effects on aflatoxigenicity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; cycloheximide; mycovirus; nitrogen-metabolism mutant ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; RHIZOCTONIA DECLINE; AFLATOXIN SYNTHESIS; PLANT; ASSOCIATION; DSRNA AB Ninety-two isolates belonging to Aspergillus sect. flavi were analyzed for double-stranded (ds) RNA via standard cellulose chromatography. Double-stranded RNA infection was detected in fungal isolates that had been in culture for long periods (5 of 26 were infected) and in those recently isolated (5 of 66 were infected). The number of dsRNA genetic elements differed among infected isolates and no two isolates contained identical dsRNAs on the basis of electrophoretic migration in agarose gels. Addition of micronutrients to culture media affected both the amount of dsRNA produced and the number of dsRNA genetic elements detected. Attempts to cure six fungal isolates of dsRNA by serial single conidial transfer, chlorate selection for nitrogen-metabolism mutants, and cycloheximide treatment, met with variable results. The frequency at which serial single conidial transfer and nitrogen-metabolism mutant (nit) selection successfully cured six Aspergillus sect. flavi isolates varied from 11 to 100% and 0 to 100%, respectively. The cycloheximide treatment was effective at curing 40% of the dsRNA-infected isolates. Comparison of aflatoxin production prior to and after dsRNA curing indicated that infection by dsRNA did not influence aflatoxin production. However, aflatoxin production by two isolates (91-031B and 91-184G) was reduced by both single conidial transfer and induction of nit mutants. C1 USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 74 IS 5 BP 716 EP 725 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UL472 UT WOS:A1996UL47200009 ER PT J AU Parresol, BR Thomas, CE AF Parresol, BR Thomas, CE TI A simultaneous density integral system for estimating stem profile and biomass: Slash pine and willow oak SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB In the wood utilization industry, both stem profile and biomass are important quantities. The two have traditionally been estimated separately. The introduction of a density-integral method allows for coincident estimation of stem profile and biomass, based on the calculus of mass theory, and provides an alternative to weight-ratio methodology. In the initial development of the technique, sectional bole weight was predicted from a density integral formed from two equations that were fitted independently using ordinary least squares: (1) a stem-profile, or taper, function and (2) a specific gravity function. A test for contemporaneous correlations using slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and willow oak (Quercus phellos L.) data showed highly significant correlations between the density integral and the stem-profile equation as well as the specific gravity equation. However, there was little or no correlation between the stem-profile and specific gravity equations. Because contemporaneous correlations exist between some of the equations, more efficient parameter estimation can be achieved through joint-generalized least squares, better known as seemingly unrelated regressions. However, the improvement in efficiency across parameters varies markedly based on the pattern of contemporaneous correlations. A simultaneous system of three equations was derived for slash pine and willow oak with nonlinear constraints across equations. Parameter estimates from seemingly unrelated regressions estimation had smaller standard errors in all cases than those from ordinary least squares estimation. For slash pine, standard errors were reduced by 11 to 29% and for willow oak, by 5 to 20%. RP Parresol, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,ROOM T-10210 UPS BLDG,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1139/x26-087 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UL405 UT WOS:A1996UL40500007 ER PT J AU Nowak, CA AF Nowak, CA TI Wood volume increment in thinned, 50- to 55-year-old, mixed species Allegheny hardwoods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID STAND STRUCTURE; ARCHITECTURE; GROWTH AB A thinning study in 50- to 55-year-old, even-aged, mixed species Allegheny hardwoods produced highly variable merchantable stemwood volume increment responses. Regression equations relating parameters of stand growth (ingrowth, mortality, survivor growth, net growth, and gross growth) to relative stand density had R(2) values ranging from 0.07 to 0.48. When study plots with similar pretreatment species composition were cluster analysis, R(2) values were increased to 0.94-0.99. There were significant differences in the relationships between relative stand density and growth response variables among all plot groups. At all densities, plots with a high percentage of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) had the highest volume increment. Plots with a high percentage of black cherry and a low percentage of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) showed a decrease in volume increment, relatively high ingrowth, and relatively low mortality with a decrease in relative stand density. Plots with a high percentage of sugar maple and low percentage of black cherry showed an increase in volume increment, relatively low ingrowth, and relatively high mortality with decrease in relative stand density. Guidelines for thinning Allegheny hardwoods recommend a residual relative stand density of 60%. These guidelines may need to be revised to incorporate considerations of species composition. Stands of pole-size to small sawtimber-size trees dominated by black cherry may require a residual density higher than 60% to maximize the volume increment of merchantable stemwood. The volume increment in similarly structured stands dominated by sugar maple might be maximized at densities lower than 60%. RP Nowak, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, POB 928, WARREN, PA 16365 USA. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 819 EP 835 DI 10.1139/x26-091 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UL405 UT WOS:A1996UL40500011 ER PT J AU Freer, SN Skory, CD AF Freer, SN Skory, CD TI Production of beta-glucosidase and diauxic usage of sugar mixtures by Candida molischiana SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glucose repression; trehalase; diauxic utilization; yeast ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST; CELLODEXTRINS; FERMENTATION; WICKERHAMII; PURIFICATION; CELLOBIOSE; HYDROLYSIS; CELLULOSE; LUSITANIAE AB The fermentation of cellobiose is a rare trait among yeasts. Of the 308 yeast species that utilize cellobiose aerobically, only 12 species ferment it, and only 2 species, Candida molischiana and Candida wickerhamii, also ferment cellodextrins. Candida molischiana produced beta-glucosidase activity on all carbon sources tested, except glucose, mannose, and fructose. When these sugars were added to cultures growing on cellobiose, the synthesis of beta-glucosidase ceased. However, the total amount of enzyme activity remained constant, indicating that the C. molischiana beta-glucosidase is catabolite repressed and not catabolite inactivated. When grown in medium initially containing glucose plus xylose, cellobiose, maltose, mannitol, or glucitol, C. molischiana preferentially utilized glucose and produced little beta-glucosidase activity until glucose was nearly depleted from the medium. When grown in medium containing cellobiose plus either fructose or mannose, the yeast preferentially utilized the monosaccharides and produced little beta-glucosidase activity. Candida molischiana produced beta-glucosidase and co-utilized cellobiose and xylose, maltose, or trehalose. Glucose and fructose, mannose, or trehalose were co-utilized; however, no beta-glucosidase activity was detected. Thus, the order of substrate preference groups appeared to be (glucose, trehalose, fructose, mannose) > (cellobiose, maltose, xylose) > (mannitol, glucitol). RP Freer, SN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 5 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA UJ458 UT WOS:A1996UJ45800002 PM 8640604 ER PT J AU Alsubaey, A Sisler, HD Matthews, BF AF Alsubaey, A Sisler, HD Matthews, BF TI Purification and characterization of an extracellular phenol oxidase from culture filtrates of Pyricularia oryzae SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phenol oxidase; laccase; Pyricularia oryzae; rice blast; melanin ID NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; AGARICUS-BISPORUS; LACCASE GENE; TRICYCLAZOLE; APPRESSORIA; SEQUENCE; MELANIN; CUCURBITACINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; INFECTION AB Extracellular phenol oxidase activity was characterized and compared in Pyricularia oryzae wild-type and albino cell types to determine if this phenol oxidase was responsible for lack of melanization in the albino culture. Filtrates of the albino mutant Alb-5 showed activity similar to those of the Mild type, while there of a buff mutant (Cp62) showed weak phenol oxidase activity. This indicated that the lack of melanization in the albino mutant was not due to an absence of phenol oxidase activity. The phenol oxidase isoform patterns from the wild type and two mutants were similar when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The slowest migrating isoform of phenol oxidase from wild-type Pyricularia oryzae was the major form and had a molecular mass of 380 kDa. The molecular masses of two of the minor forms were 220 and 130 kDa. The isoforms oxidized 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene, the terminal metabolite in the polyketide pathway to melanin. The major phenol oxidase isoform was also present in extracts from albino mutants and the buff mutant. The major form was enriched by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography, and elution from preparative polyacrylamide eels. The enriched isoform of phenol oxidase separated into two forms after a second electrophoresis, indicating that these two isoforms interconvert. Analysis of both forms by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that both were composed of a single subunit with a molecular mass of 70 kDa. The enriched isoform prefer red phloroglucinol as a substrate and had a Michaelis constant (K-m) of 19.3 mM for phloroglucinol and a pH optimum between 6 and 7.5. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV QATAR,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,DOHA,QATAR. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 5 BP 437 EP 445 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA UJ458 UT WOS:A1996UJ45800003 ER PT J AU Simkovic, I Laszlo, JA Thompson, AR AF Simkovic, I Laszlo, JA Thompson, AR TI Preparation of a weakly basic ion exchanger by crosslinking starch with epichlorohydrin in the presence of NH4OH SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article AB Crosslinking of starch with epichlorohydrin in the presence of NH4OH, NaOH and water was studied. The reaction was optimized and the products analysed by solid-state C-13-NMR in the presence of water, acid-base titration and dye-binding measurements. The presence of different types of hydroxypropyl groups was confirmed by NMR, but their linkage to polysaccharide could not be confirmed because of their minor abundance relative to all other CH2 groups, and because the motion of the sidechains is much greater than the starch component, which remains fairly constant despite the presence of water. Yield of crosslinked, water-insoluble product is increased as a greater amount of NH4OH and a lower amount of water is used in the reaction. Product yield using water-insoluble starch is higher than with a water-soluble starch. Closed-vessel (pressurized) reaction conditions increases product exchange capacity. Potentiometric titration of products in Cl--form or in non-ionized form indicated smaller exchange capacity values than expected from product nitrogen contents, reflecting the difficulty in fully protonating the products. Dye binding by the crosslinked-starch exchangers is pH-dependent, with an increased quantity of dye bound at lower pH, which is consistent with the weak-amine nature of the products. Hydrolyzed Remazol Brilliant Red F3B, a trivalent reactive dye, binds less effectively under acidic conditions, on a molar basis, to the starch-based exchangers than does Alizarin Red S, a monovalent mordant dye. Dye-binding capacities are somewhat lower than the total ion-exchange capacities determined by potentiometric titration, suggesting that a portion of the exchange sites are unavailable to the dyes. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61064. SLOVAK ACAD SCI,INST CHEM,BRATISLAVA 84228,SLOVAKIA. NR 9 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(96)00060-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA VY598 UT WOS:A1996VY59800003 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Massie, DR AF Delwiche, SR Massie, DR TI Classification of wheat by visible and near-infrared reflectance from single kernels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL IMAGE-ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; WINTER WHEATS; DISCRIMINATION; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; HARDNESS AB Identification of wheat class is a necessary component of the official inspection of U.S. wheat, owing to differences in functionality and hence in trade value. Because of the numerous cultivars for the several U.S. wheat classes, segregation by cultivar is generally impractical during postharvest handling. Cultivars of differing wheat classes are sometimes inadvertently mixed, resulting in classification of the lot to a mixed category, thus lowering its value. Single-kernel near-infrared reflectance scans from two spectral regions (551-750 nm for distinctions based on color, 1,120-2,476 nm for distinctions based on intrinsic properties) were collected on 10 randomly drawn kernels from each of 318 unique samples obtained from commercial sources. Partial least squares and multiple linear regression analyses were used to develop binary decision models for various combinations of two wheat classes, choosing from five classes: hard white (HWH), hard red spring (HRS), hard red winter (HRW), soft red winter (SRW), and soft white (SWH). Two-class model accuracy, defined as the proportion of correctly identified kernels of a known wheat class, was greatest (99%) when red and white classes such as HRW vs. HWH were compared. Accuracies declined to typically 78-91% when the two classes were of similar color (e.g., HRW vs. SRW, HWH vs. SWH). Using a cascade of binary comparisons similar to two-class models, a five-class model structure was developed. Five-class model accuracy ranged from 65% for SRW wheat to 92% for SWH. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSTUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 73 IS 3 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UN500 UT WOS:A1996UN50000019 ER PT J AU Gaffield, W AF Gaffield, W TI Absolute configurations of the cis-dihydroquercetin-3-O-beta-L-rhamnosides isoastilbin and neoisoastilbin SO CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE absolute configuration; isoastilbin; neoisoastilbin; 3-hydroxyflavanone glycoside ID LEAVES AB The absolute configurations of the cis-dihydroquercetin-3-O-beta-L-rhamnosides isoastilbin and neoisoastilbin are reaffirmed as 2R, 3S and 2S, 3R, respectively, despite recent reports to the contrary. RP Gaffield, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150-0002, JAPAN SN 0009-2363 J9 CHEM PHARM BULL JI Chem. Pharm. Bull. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1102 EP 1103 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA UM775 UT WOS:A1996UM77500037 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Stone, DM Harris, AR AF Koskinen, WC Stone, DM Harris, AR TI Sorption of hexazinone, sulfometuron methyl, and tebuthiuron on acid, low base saturated sands SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-ACTIVE HERBICIDES; PERSISTENCE; MOVEMENT AB The objective of this research was to determine the sorption of hexazinone, sulfometuron methyl, and tebuthiuron on six acid, low base saturated sands as a function of depth. Sorption K-d values for tebuthiuron on these soils ranged from 0.002 to 3.6 L kg(-1) with greatest sorption on soils from the surface 0-5 cm depth and least on soils from depths > 65 cm. Sorption is correlated to OC content of the soil; mean K-oc = 39 +/- 22 L kg(-1). Hexazinone K-d values ranged from 0.0011 to 1.10 L kg(-1). Sorption is correlated to soil OC; mean K-oc = 19 +/- 13 L kg(-1). Kd for sulfometuron methyl sorption to soils of 0-20 cm depths ranged from 0.04 to 0.6. Sorption of sulfometuron methyl on soil from depths 65-95 cm was less than in the surface soils and was approximately equal to that of tebuthiuron at the same depth. In contrast to tebuthiuron and hexazinone, using data for all soils and from all depths, sorption did not correlate to OC content. It appears that factors affecting sorption change with soil depth. For instance, sorption is correlated to OC for surface soils (0-20 cm depths), K-oc = 5.4 +/- 3.4, and for subsurface soils (65-95 cm depths), K-oc = 44 +/- 22. It appears that once these three herbicides leach past the top 10 cm of these soils, retardation of the herbicides would be slight. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL & WATER CLIMATE,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1681 EP 1689 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00085-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UM816 UT WOS:A1996UM81600001 ER PT J AU Lally, NC Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP AF Lally, NC Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP TI Evaluation of two Neospora caninum recombinant antigens for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of bovine neosporosis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; INFECTION; DOGS; TRANSMISSION; ABORTION; PROTEINS; CALVES AB Neospora caninum is a recently described apicomplexan parasite which causes paralysis and death in dogs. Neospora parasites also cause abortion and neonatal morbidity in cattle, sheep, goats, and horses, and neosporosis is emerging as an important cause of bovine abortion worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify N. caninum cDNA clones encoding antigens that would be useful for the immunodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis. Two N. caninum tachyzoite cDNA clones expressing antigens that were recognized by serum from naturally and experimentally infected cattle were identified. The DNA sequences of these clones were determined, and the inserts were subcloned into the plasmid expression vector pTrcHisB. Both recombinant antigens, expressed as fusion proteins with a His(6) tag, were purified on a nickel-chelating affinity column and evaluated in separate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Both recombinant antigen ELISAs were capable of distinguishing between sera from Neospora-infected cows and sera from uninfected control cows. Furthermore, both assays were able to detect an antibody response in animals that were experimentally inoculated with N caninum. Neither antigen showed evidence of cross-reactivity with serum from animals inoculated with the closely related parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis cruzi, Sarcocystis hominis, and Sarcocystis hirsuta. C1 ARS,USDA,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Lally, NC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BLDG 1040,ROOM 100,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 3 IS 3 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA UK621 UT WOS:A1996UK62100006 PM 8705668 ER PT J AU Ralph, CJ Fancy, SG AF Ralph, CJ Fancy, SG TI Aspects of the life history and foraging ecology of the endangered Akiapolaau SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Akiapolaau; Hemignathus munroi; demography; survival; home range; foraging ecology; Hawaii ID BIRDS; HAWAII AB Relative abundance, breeding ecology, annual survival, home range, and foraging ecology of Akiapolaau (Hemignathus munroi), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, were studied on the island of Hawaii. The species is a specialist: Akiapolaau used koa (Acacia koa) for foraging much more than expected based on koa availability, and most Akiapolaau occurred in old-growth koa and ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) forests. Male Akiapolaau most often foraged on the trunks and large branches of koa, whereas females used small branches and twigs. The longer bill of males is apparently adapted to the greater bark thickness of larger branches. Lichen-covered and dead branches were preferred feeding sites. Akiapolaau showed serial monogamy and had a relatively low reproductive rate of 0.86 young pair(-1) year(-1), with a long parental dependency period. Home range sizes averaged 10.7 ha and did not differ between males and females. Annual survival for adults was 0.71. Avian diseases appear to restrict Akiapolaau to higher elevation forests where mosquitos are rare. Protection of remaining old-growth koa and ohia forests above the mosquito zone are critical to the survival of the species. C1 NATL BIOL SERV,PACIFIC ISL SCI CTR,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. RP Ralph, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,REDWOOD SCI LAB,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 1996 VL 98 IS 2 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.2307/1369149 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA UR913 UT WOS:A1996UR91300015 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Bergman, DL AF Linz, GM Bergman, DL TI DRC-1339 avicide fails to protect ripening sunflowers SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE avicide; blackbirds; damage; DRC-1339; Icterinae; sunflower AB From 20 August to 19 September 1993 and 1994, we assessed the effects of treating ripening sunflower fields with DRC-1339-treated rice baits on blackbird (Icterinae) damage to sunflower fields found within less than or equal to 3.2 km of blackbird roosts. The number of blackbirds ((x) over bar = 18,943 +/- 1,888) using roosts centered within the treated and untreated test areas were similar (P = 0.432). The number of blackbirds using sunflower fields in the test areas did not vary among days after treatment (P = 0.538) or between treated and untreated areas (P = 0.203, averaging 3203 +/- 361). The percentage of sunflower damage did not differ (P = 0.736) between treatments ((x) over bar = 2.3 +/- 0.6%). It appears broadcasting DRC-1339-treated rice baits in ripening sunflower fields does not reduce local blackbird populations or sunflower damage. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,STEVENS HALL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 15 IS 3 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00154-9 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UJ726 UT WOS:A1996UJ72600012 ER PT J AU Bowman, DT May, OL Calhoun, DS AF Bowman, DT May, OL Calhoun, DS TI Genetic base of upland cotton cultivars released between 1970 and 1990 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; PARENTAGE; COEFFICIENTS AB Most cotton (Gossypium spp.) breeders today, without recourse to critical data, assume that the genetic base in modern New World cotton cultivars is narrow. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the average coefficient of parentage for 260 upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) cultivars released between 1970 and 1990; and (ii) determine the contributions of a number of public and private breeding programs and of various ancestral lines to the genetic diversity of those cultivars. Coefficients of parentage among 260 cultivars showed an average value of 0.07. This estimate suggests substantial remaining diversity. This conclusion must take into account possible bias from widespread reselection of cotton cultivars and the accompanying assumption of a genetic correlation of 0.75 between generations. The most influential breeding programs, in terms of genetic contributions to cultivar development, were Stoneville Pedigreed Seed Company, Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company, and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. Historically, the most influential cultivar is Stoneville 2. The genetic contribution of 54 ancestral lines, including nine introductions, accounted for less than 25% of the total genetic variation among the 260 cultivars. This low value is thought to result from the loss of genetic information through the process of reselection. The genetic base in modern cotton cultivars is not particularly narrow and continue to offer opportunities for cultivar improvement. C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29502. CLEMSON UNIV,FLORENCE,SC 29502. MAFES,DELTA BRANCH EXP STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP Bowman, DT (reprint author), DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035 NR 12 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 577 EP 581 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300008 ER PT J AU McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Tang, B Watson, CE AF McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Tang, B Watson, CE TI Genetic analysis of primitive cotton germplasm accessions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB The recent conversion of primitive cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stocks to the day-neutral flowering habit has effectively made these accessions readily available for direct use in plant breeding programs. Genetic analysis of these accessions would be useful in ascertaining parental material for improvement of specific traits. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic variances for 13 yield, fiber, and other agronomic traits in 79 accessions and 11 cultivars. A minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) method was used for estimating genetic variance components and an adjusted unbiased prediction method for predicting genetic effects. Additive x environment interaction variances were significant for lint yield and node of first fruiting branch. The additive variance components made relatively high contributions to the phenotypic variances for lint percentage and boil size. Additive variances were relatively low for other traits. Narrow-sense heritabilities ranged from 8 to 50% for the traits studied. The proportion of accessions displaying significant, positive effects ranged from 12.7% for 50% span length to 30.4% for lint percentage and 2.5 span length. Positive additive effects for yield, lint percentage, and fiber traits except micronaire and negative effects for N1FB, NOMS, and plant height could be considered favorable effects. Although 16 of the primitive accessions showed significant positive additive effects for lint yield, only MDN-74 and MDN-101 could be predicted to produce stronger fiber, as well as higher lint yield and lint percentage. Results indicate that many primitive accessions may be used in crosses with commercial cultivars without serious loss of agronomic potential in the progeny. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, CROP SCI RES LAB, BOX 5367, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300009 ER PT J AU Rowe, DE AF Rowe, DE TI Characteristics of the elite population selected on ratio criterion .2. Traits with unequal genetic variances SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT AB Individuals of a population can be selected simultaneously for two positively valued metric traits X and Y based on their ratio (X/Y) as the ratio criterion (RC). The ratio calculation is simple and sometimes has an intrinsic biological or economic significance. In this simulation study, the traits X and Y have normal distributions, genetic variances summing to 2, 3, or 5, and ratios of genetic variances of numerator to denominator traits that are 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. As in an earlier study, responses to RC selection were simulated for genetic correlations between traits X and Y of - 0.75, - 0.50, - 0.25, 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75. For genetic correlations of - 0.75, - 0.50, - 0.25, 0.0, and 0.25, the RC selection caused one trait to increase in value while the second decreased for each ratio of variances. For highly positive genetic correlations of 0.50 and 0.75, the ratios of genetic variances had differential qualitative effects on the responses. Depending on the ratios and whether selection was for an increase or decrease in the ratio, the means of traits X and Y may both increase or both decrease or one may change while the second is unchanged. With RC selection, the effects on component traits X and Y may be undesirable. It is suggested that in the presence of any positive genetic correlation, RC selection should be executed with care. RP Rowe, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 586 EP 591 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300010 ER PT J AU Tyler, JM AF Tyler, JM TI Characterization of stem canker resistance in 'Hutcheson' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLORUM VAR CAULIVORA; UNITED-STATES; INHERITANCE AB Stem Canker caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. f. sp. meridionalis Morgan-Jones (Dpm) can cause significant yield losses in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the southern USA. Some cultivars are known to be resistant to the disease; however, the parental donor, level, and inheritance of stem canker resistance for most of those cultivars is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize stem canker resistance in 'Hutcheson', a widely used parent in breeding programs. To determine the inheritance of resistance and allelic relationships with known genes, Hutcheson was crossed with susceptible genotypes 'Hartwig' and J77-339 and four lines carrying Rdc1, Rdc2, Rdc3, or Rdc4. Crosses were made in the field at Stoneville, MS, in 1993. The parents of Hutcheson and the six F-2 populations were toothpick inoculated in the field in 1993 and 1994, respectively. In 1994, Hutcheson and 29 other soybean genotypes were inoculated with four isolates of Dpm and external lesion length was recorded as a measure of level of resistance. Genetic ratios from F-2 populations indicate that resistance in Hutcheson is conferred by a single dominant gene that is allelic with Rdc4. 'York' was determined to be the parental donor of resistance carried by Hutcheson. Isolates differed in virulence. Hutcheson and several other genotypes were highly resistant to all isolates. Hutcheson should continue to be an excellent source of stem canker resistance. RP Tyler, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 196,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 591 EP 593 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300011 ER PT J AU Fairbrother, TE AF Fairbrother, TE TI Flowering of berseem clover types in response to vernalization SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB Winter hardiness of 'Bigbee' berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) was reported to differ between plants grown from certified seed and breeder seed. Winter growth form also differed, with plants from breeder seed forming a rosette and plants from certified seed elongating. To determine if growth form differences were due to a change in vernalization response, imbibed seeds of Bigbee certified and breeder seed and certified 'Multicut' were vernalized at 2 degrees C for 0 to 6 wk in weekly increments. Seeds from all treatments were simultaneously germinated and grown in a greenhouse under 18-h daylength. Days to flowering, node at first flower, and the number of nodes below 5 cm at flowering were recorded. Replicated experiments were conducted with germination dates of 17 Aug. 1992 and 25 Feb. 1993. The regression of days to flowering and node at first flower on vernalization period was significant for Bigbee certified and breeder seed. Response slopes of Bigbee plants grown from certified and breeder seed differed from each other for all variables. As vernalization period decreased, plants from Bigbee breeder seed flowered later and at a higher node than plants from Bigbee certified seed. Vernalization had no effect on days to flowering or node at first flower for Multicut. Variation in vernalization response between Bigbee breeder seed and certified seed indicated that a change occurred during the production of certified seed. Multicut and Bigbee certified seed may have less winter grazing tolerance than Bigbee breeder seed since there were fewer nodes near the soil line to support regrowth. RP Fairbrother, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 645 EP 648 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300021 ER PT J AU Bauer, PJ Green, CC AF Bauer, PJ Green, CC TI Evaluation of F-2 genotypes of cotton for conservation tillage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETEROSIS; SYSTEMS; HYBRIDS; GROWTH; YIELD AB Reduced plant populations often occur when cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is grown in conservation tillage systems. Our objectives were to determine the potential of exploiting hybrid vigor in F-2 cotton to improve stand establishment and yield in conservation tillage systems and to compare the expression of heterosis in this system with that in a conventional tillage system. This held study was conducted in 1991, 1992, and 1994 on a Norfolk loamy sand soil (fine-loamy, silicious, thermic, Typic Kandiudult) near Florence, SC. Five cotton cultivars were crossed in a half-diallel design to generate 10 F-2 generation genotypes. The parent and F-2 generations were planted into conservation tillage plots that had desiccated crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) as a surface mulch and into conventional tillage plots, Cotton stands were similar for both generations in both tillage systems in 1991. At 2 wk after planting in 1992, a tillage x (Parent vs, F-2) interaction (P less than or equal to 0.05) occurred for plant population as stands in conventional tillage were 7.5 and 8.4 plants m(-1) for the parent and F-2 generations, respectively, while stands in conservation tillage were 4.1 plants m(-1) for the parents and 4.2 plants m(-1) for the F-2 generation. At 2 wk after planting in 1994, stands of the F-2 generation were 1.3 plants m(-1) greater than the parents averaged over both tillage systems, Yield differences occurred only in 1992, when the F-2 generation had greater lint yield than the parents in both tillage systems. The results suggest that growing F-2 genotypes may improve cotton stand establishment and yield under certain conditions in conservation tillage systems, but the amount of improvement will be similar to that found in conventional tillage. C1 DELTA & PINE LAND CO,HARTSVILLE,SC 29550. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 655 EP 658 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300023 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Bauer, A AF Frank, AB Bauer, A TI Temperature, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide effects on spring wheat development and spikelet numbers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; AIR-TEMPERATURE; WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL-WATER; GROWTH; YIELD; RESPONSES; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANTS; RATES AB Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) responds favorably to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) at optimum temperatures. Predictions are for air temperatures to increase as global [CO2] increases. Since spring wheat grain yields generally decline as temperature increases, there is a need to understand the effects of both [CO2] and temperature on spring wheat growth, development, and yield potential. Objectives were to evaluate combinations of [CO2], air temperature, and applied N levels on leaf and apex development, spike components, tiller numbers, dry matter, plant height, and water use in spring wheat. 'Amidon' spring wheat was grown in controlled environment chambers at all combinations of 350, 650, and 950 mu L L(-1) [CO2], 0, 100, and 300 kg N ha(-1), and 14/18 degrees C and 22/26 degrees C night/day air temperatures. Temperature affected the Haun stage by growth degree-days (GDD) relationship more than N or [CO2]. The phyllochron in GDD was greater for plants grown at 22/26 degrees C (433 GDD) than at 14/18 degrees C (345 GDD). The Haun stage at apex double ridge and terminal spikelet increased as applied N and [CO2] increased. Fertile spikelet numbers increased as [CO2] and N level increased at 14/18 degrees C, but at 22/26 degrees C, spikelets increased as N increased and decreased as [CO2] increased. Fertile spikelets were greatest at 14/18 degrees C and 650 mu L L(-1) [CO2]. Results suggest that at elevated [CO2] and adequate soil water, air temperature is more important than [CO2] in controlling grain yield potential. Because wheat yield potential at higher temperatures decreased as [CO2] increased, a northly shift in the spring wheat growing areas may occur if global temperatures increased in concert with [CO2]. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 659 EP 665 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300024 ER PT J AU Hill, NS Pachon, JG Bacon, CW AF Hill, NS Pachon, JG Bacon, CW TI Acremonium coenophialum-mediated short- and long-term drought acclimation in tall fescue SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB The mutualistic association between Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams and its tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) host provides plant scientists with unique opportunities to create superior turf and forage cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine endophyte-mediated drought acclimation in tissue-cultured regenerants of tall fescue containing one of three A. coenophialum isolates during short- and long-term drought stress. Two experiments were conducted by growing vegetative propagules of plants with endemic or introduced endophytes in 120-L tubs containing fritted clay: one experiment examined water relations during a 15-d drought period and the other during a 70-d water stress period. Leaf water potential and turgor pressure responses to soil water content differed among infected and non-infected plants, among endophytes inserted within a plant genotype, and among plant genotypes containing a common endophyte during 15 d of stress. Among endophytes, only EDN11 induced acclimation to 70 d of stress when inserted into plant genotype PDN2. Leaf water potential and turgor pressure were approximately 0.50-0.75 MPa greater when PDM was infected with EDN11 compared to other endophytes during the 70 d of stress. Endophyte had no effect on leaf osmotic potential and minimal effect on plant water soluble mineral and sugar concentrations, and endophyte-mediated adaptation to drought stress was an avoidance mechanism. Because enhanced drought tolerance is a result of specific interactions between plant genotypes and endophyte isolates, selection of endophytes specifically for enhancing drought tolerance in tall fescue is not likely to have a general effect on the plant population. C1 UNIV BOGOTA,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN UNIT,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP Hill, NS (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 665 EP 672 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300025 ER PT J AU Gatschet, MJ Taliaferro, CM Porter, DR Anderson, MP Anderson, JA Jackson, KW AF Gatschet, MJ Taliaferro, CM Porter, DR Anderson, MP Anderson, JA Jackson, KW TI A cold-regulated protein from bermudagrass crowns is a chitinase SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CDNA SEQUENCE; ACCLIMATION; WHEAT; EXPRESSION; TOBACCO; ELECTROPHORESIS; TOLERANCE AB Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and fluorography of in vivo radiolabeled proteins has revealed that protein synthesis in crowns of 'Midiron' and 'Tifgreen' bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) is altered in association with cold acclimation (CA). Increased synthesis of some proteins in association with CA in Midiron crowns correlates with the greater freezing tolerance of Midiron compared with Tifgreen. This study was undertaken to (i) characterize further alterations in protein synthesis in Midiron and Tifgreen crowns utilizing analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF)/SDS-PAGE [two-dimensional (2D-) PAGE], and (ii) identify cold-regulated (COR) proteins, proteins encoded by genes persistently upregulated during CA, through sequence analysis of peptides recovered after micropreparative 2D-PAGE and protease digestion. Plants were grown for 26 d in controlled-environment chambers under acclimating [8/2 degrees C (day/night) cycles with 10 h photoperiods] or nonacclimating [28/24 degrees C] conditions. Proteins synthesized by isolated crowns were radiolabeled in vivo for 16 h with S-35-methionine and S-35-cysteine. Among several groups of COR proteins synthesized in Midiron and Tifgreen crowns, low molecular weight (about 20-28 kilodalton) basic (LB) COR proteins were synthesized in greater amounts and numbers in Midiron than Tifgreen crowns. Among the LB COR proteins, a 27-kD basic COR protein was synthesized prominently in crowns of both Midiron and Tifgreen plants. This protein from Midiron crowns was designated COR27 and identified as a chitinase (E.C. 3.2.1.14) through protein sequencing. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, STILLWATER, OK 74078 USA. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV, DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, STILLWATER, OK 74078 USA. USDA, ARS, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA. UNIV OKLAHOMA, HLTH SCI CTR, MED RES INST, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73190 USA. NR 52 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 712 EP 718 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300032 ER PT J AU Gustine, DL Sherwood, RT Gounaris, Y Huff, D AF Gustine, DL Sherwood, RT Gounaris, Y Huff, D TI Isozyme, protein, and RAPD markers within a half-sib family of buffelgrass segregating for apospory SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DNA; IDENTIFICATION; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; PENNISETUM; APOMIXIS AB Isolation of genes controlling apomixis would be useful to plant breeders for fixing hybrid vigor. A single gene codes for aposporous apomixis in buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link]. This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of using isozyme, protein, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to detect apospory-linked sequences within a segregating half-sib population, Sexual plant B-2s, five sexual and three aposporous progeny of sexual B-2s, and cultivar Higgins were studied, Floret and leaf proteins were separated by starch gel electrophoresis, and enzymes in the gel were stained to detect isozyme polymorphisms. Of 22 isozyme systems tested, 12 showed polymorphisms but none cosegregated with apomixis, Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate steady state proteins of pistils at meiotic and post-meiotic stages. This technique revealed approximate to 12% polymorphism within 308 spots, but none of the spots cosegregated with reproductive mode, Genomic DNA was screened for RAPD markers with 111 10-mer random primers and polymerase chain reaction, Of 569 markers identified, 87% were polymorphic. One marker cosegregated with sexual lines, but none cosegregated with aposporous lines, Analysis of molecular variance examination of the B-2s parent and the eight half-sib progeny (Higgins excluded) showed that on the basis of 404 RAPD markers, the aposporous and sexual groups were not significantly different. No RAPD markers were tightly linked with apospory. Additional screening of new primers will allow identification of markers for the gene in full-sib families. C1 UNIV THESSALIA,SCH AGR,GR-38334 PEDION AREOS,VOLOS,GREECE. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Gustine, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,PSWMRL,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 723 EP 727 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300034 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Bailey, MA Mian, MAR Carter, TE Ashley, DA Hussey, RS Parrott, WA Boerma, HR AF Lee, SH Bailey, MA Mian, MAR Carter, TE Ashley, DA Hussey, RS Parrott, WA Boerma, HR TI Molecular markers associated with soybean plant height, lodging, and maturity across locations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GLYCINE-MAX L; MAIZE; IMPROVEMENT AB The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) has the potential to improve the efficiency of selection for polygenic traits in a plant breeding program. In this study a soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., population derived from the cross of 'Young' and PI 416937 was evaluated with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers to identify QTL related to plant height, lodging, and maturity. One hundred-twenty F-4-derived lines were evaluated for segregation at 155 RFLP loci. Field data were obtained in four different locations in 1994 (Athens and Plains, GA, and Windblow and Plymouth, NC). The genetic map consisted of 137 RFLP loci which converged into 31 linkage groups and covered more than 1600 centimorgan (cM). By means of single-factor analysis of variance, 11 independent markers associated with plant height and the eight with lodging explained most of the genetic variability for these traits in combined analysis over locations. Of the 11 RFLP markers associated with plant height and the eight with lodging, only two markers for plant height (Blt043 and A063a) and one for lodging (A169) were detected in all locations, indicating either the inconsistency of these molecular markers across locations or the inability to detect putative QTL with the population size of 120 lines. However, good agreement of QTL across locations was found for maturity. Five markers were identified that explained variation in mean maturity over three locations, four of which were associated with maturity in all three locations. Results from this research indicate the level of consistency of QTL across environments is trait specific. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC, JOHNSTON, IA 50131 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, USDA, ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, NATL CROPS EXP STN, DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI, SUWON 441100, SOUTH KOREA. NR 32 TC 74 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 728 EP 735 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300035 ER PT J AU Lorenzen, LL Shoemaker, RC AF Lorenzen, LL Shoemaker, RC TI Genetic relationships within old US soybean cultivar groups SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Before hybridization programs began in the 1930s, new soybean cultivars in the USA were primarily plant introductions from Japan, China, and Korea, or ''off type, pure line'' selections from existing U.S. cultivars. These ''off type, pure-line'' selections were sometimes thought to have arisen as mutations. Current study of this hypothesis is difficult because numerous accessions with names similar or identical to ''pre-1930'' cultivars occur in the USDA soybean germplasm collection. This study was conducted to determine if selections made from old cultivars were likely derived from mutation and to determine the genetic diversity between accessions with the same or similar old cultivar names. One hundred-six old entries, which belonged to 17 cultivar groups, were analyzed at between 37 and 50 RFLP loci. ''Group'' was defined as all accessions with a similar common name, and subsequent selections made from them. Genetic diversity values suggested that mutation did not appear to play a key role in the derivation of selections from most old cultivars. Mutation may have contributed to selections made from Habaro, Mandarin, and Wilson, but this could not be determined unambiguously. AK was previously known to be a heterogeneous seed mixture, and the old cultivar Manchu was suspected as such. The RFLP analysis supported the hypothesis that both AK and Manchu were introduced as a heterogeneous line. Most old cultivars with the same or similar common names could be easily distinguished by genotypic (RFLP) or phenotypic diversity. In 44 instances, phenotypic diversity values between two members of a group equalled zero. In only four cases were genotypic diversity values unable to resolve differences between the two accessions. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA,ARS,FCR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA,ARS,FCR,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 743 EP 752 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300037 ER PT J AU Gizlice, Z Carter, TE Gerig, TM Burton, JW AF Gizlice, Z Carter, TE Gerig, TM Burton, JW TI Genetic diversity patterns in North American public soybean cultivars based on coefficient of parentage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The genetic relatedness of North American soybean [Glycine max (L.) (Merr.)] may threaten long-term breeding progress. To alleviate this problem, we propose that breeders diversify applied programs by capitalizing upon genetic patterns that may exist in cultivated germplasm. To date, only one diversity pattern, the well-known North-South distinction, is explained in applied breeding. Our objective was to identify and quantify additional factors influencing diversity in 258 cultivars released by public agencies during 1945 to 1988. We theorized that maturity group effects (MG, as a hybridization restriction factor), location of breeding programs (BP, as a selection factor), and breeder intuition and success factors beyond MG and BP may all influence the soybean cultivar diversity patterns. The patterns of diversity associated with the first two factors, MG and BP, were examined by quantifying average coefficient of parentage (r) within and between MG and BP. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was applied to the r matrix to produce coordinates for pictorial depiction of MG and BP. To examine the third factor, breeder intuition and success, the MDS coordinates were also subjected to a nonhierarchical cluster analysis that revealed nine major clusters of soybean cultivars. A regression analysis was employed to determine the relative importance of North-South, MG, BP, and cluster patterns in explaining variation in the r matrix. The South-North distinction accounted for only 21% of variability in cultivar relations indicating the presence of other major patterns of diversity. The MG, BP, and clusters independently explained 32, 42, and 57% of the total variation in the cultivar pedigrees. Clusters most efficiently revealed patterns of diversity, and we propose the use of these clusters in the further study and management of soybean diversity. Multidimensional sealing coupled with nonhierarchical cluster analysis was a highly promising approach to the study of diversity. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA,ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 22 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 753 EP 765 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300038 ER PT J AU MarquezOrtiz, JJ Johnson, LD Barnes, DK Basigalup, DH AF MarquezOrtiz, JJ Johnson, LD Barnes, DK Basigalup, DH TI Crown morphology relationships among alfalfa plant introductions and cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The alfalfa (Medicago rativa L.) crown is an important morphological structure because of its association with regrowth, yield, and persistence. The objectives of this research were to evaluate variability for crown morphological traits among 1067 plant introductions (P.I.s) and 110 North American cultivars, to determine the association between crown morphological traits and germplasm sources, and to compare the association between crown morphological traits and fall dormancy classes for North American alfalfa cultivars. The P.I.s and the cultivars were grown in separate field studies at Rosemount, MN, during 1989 and 1990, respectively. Plots consisted of one 3.5-m-long row for P.I.s, and one 1.8-m-long row for cultivars. They were seeded in May and the plants were dug in October. Plants were individually evaluated for crown depth, crown width, number of crown stems, crown stem width, and number of crown buds. Variation was observed among both P.I.s and North American cultivars for all crown traits. Discriminant analysis of crown traits was effective at separating germplasm sources from diverse geographic origins. The crown traits of germplasm sources from less diverse origins appeared similar. Discriminant analysis of crown traits separated highly dormant (fall dormancy = 1) cultivars more effectively than semi-dormant and non-dormant cultivars. Only number of crown buds had a meaningful correlation (-) with fall growth. Variation observed for crown traits among alfalfa germplasm sources indicated that selection for specific crown modifications could be effective. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. ESTAC EXP INTA,RA-6326 ANGUIL,LA PAMPA,ARGENTINA. CAL WEST SEEDS,WOODLAND,CA 95776. CAL WEST SEEDS,WOODLAND,CA 95776. RP MarquezOrtiz, JJ (reprint author), INIFAP,CELALA,APDO POSTAL 247,TORREON 27000,COAHUILA,MEXICO. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 766 EP 770 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300039 ER PT J AU Wei, JZ Campbell, WF Wang, RRC AF Wei, JZ Campbell, WF Wang, RRC TI Allozyme variation in accessions of Russian wildrye SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PSATHYROSTACHYS-JUNCEA; TRITICEAE; ISOZYME; POPULATIONS; POACEAE AB Many accessions in a gene bank collection lack adequate genetic characterization. To measure genetic variability in Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski; 2n = 2x = 14; NsNs] for effective management and utilization of germplasm resources, 160 plants representing 11 accessions of this outcrossing species from five countries were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis. Ten enzymes revealed 14 putative and scorable loci, of which 11 were polymorphic (on average, 66% of loci were polymorphic and 2.6 alleles were found per locus). High levels of isozyme diversity were found mainly within accessions. Fixation of the Idh allele occurred in accessions from Russia, Turkey, and China, whereas polymorphisms at that locus existed in accessions from Mongolia and Iran. Allelic variation at the locus Ak-1 was only detected in accessions of Russian origin. A large amount of allelic diversity occurred at most polymorphic loci. Approximately 90% of the allelic diversity existed within accessions. Most of the accessions, except one from Turkey, were genetically similar. Accessions collected from Russia and Mongolia were closely related, except for accession JA 251, which is closely similar to PI 499558, an accession from Xingjiang, China. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FRRL,LOGAN,UT 84322. VIRATEST CARCINOGEM MONITORING LTD,VANCOUVER,BC V6G 2M9,CANADA. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 785 EP 790 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300042 ER PT J AU Haley, SD MorenoSevilla, B Baenziger, PS Peterson, CJ Schmidt, JW Shelton, DR Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA McVey, DV Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Graybosch, RA AF Haley, SD MorenoSevilla, B Baenziger, PS Peterson, CJ Schmidt, JW Shelton, DR Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA McVey, DV Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Graybosch, RA TI Registration of 'Nekota' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA,ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,NPBL 247,BOX 2140-C,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013; Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 1 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 803 EP 804 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300049 ER PT J AU Blake, TK Hensleigh, PF Hockett, EA Bowman, HF Carlson, GA Oberthur, LE Kushnak, G Wichman, D Eckhoff, J Gilbertson, KM AF Blake, TK Hensleigh, PF Hockett, EA Bowman, HF Carlson, GA Oberthur, LE Kushnak, G Wichman, D Eckhoff, J Gilbertson, KM TI Registration of 'Chinook' barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 NO AGR RES CTR,HAVRE,MT 59501. WESTERN TRIANGLE AGR RES CTR,CONRAD,MT 59425. CENT AGR RES CTR,MOCCASIN,MT 59462. EASTERN AGR RES CTR,SIDNEY,MT 59270. SO AGR RES CTR,HUNTLEY,MT 59037. MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP Blake, TK (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI DEPT,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 809 EP 810 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300057 ER PT J AU StMartin, SK CalipDuBois, AJ Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Min, DB Yang, TS Yu, YM Cooper, RL Martin, RJ AF StMartin, SK CalipDuBois, AJ Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Min, DB Yang, TS Yu, YM Cooper, RL Martin, RJ TI Registration of 'Ohio FG1' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, USDA ARS, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP StMartin, SK (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT HORT & CROP SCI, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 813 EP 813 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300063 ER PT J AU StMartin, SK CalipDuBois, AJ Fioritto, RJ Schimitthenner, AF Min, DB Yang, TS Yu, YM Cooper, RL Martin, RJ AF StMartin, SK CalipDuBois, AJ Fioritto, RJ Schimitthenner, AF Min, DB Yang, TS Yu, YM Cooper, RL Martin, RJ TI Registration of 'Ohio FG2' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, USDA ARS, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP StMartin, SK (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT HORT & CROP SCI, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 814 EP 814 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300064 ER PT J AU Marchetti, MA McClung, AM Webb, BD Bollich, CN AF Marchetti, MA McClung, AM Webb, BD Bollich, CN TI Registration of B82-761 long-grain rice germplasm resistant to blast and sheath blight SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA,ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 815 EP 815 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300065 ER PT J AU Allan, RE AF Allan, RE TI Registration of alloplasmic and euplasmic Luke wheat germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Allan, RE (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WHEAT GENET QUALITY PHYSIOL & DIS RES UNIT,209 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 816 EP 817 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300066 ER PT J AU Panella, LW Ruppel, EG AF Panella, LW Ruppel, EG TI Registration of FC725, FC726, and FC728 sugarbeet germplasms resistant to rhizoctonia root rot and moderately resistant to cercospora leaf spot SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Panella, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 819 EP 820 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300069 ER PT J AU Shepherd, RL McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Parrott, WL AF Shepherd, RL McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Parrott, WL TI Registration of nine cotton germplasm lines resistant to root-knot nematode SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 7 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 820 EP 820 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300070 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG Rowe, DE AF Pratt, RG Rowe, DE TI Registration of Mississippi Sclerotinia-Resistant (MSR) alfalfa germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 821 EP 822 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300072 ER PT J AU Kilen, TC Young, LD AF Kilen, TC Young, LD TI Registration of D93-8664 soybean germplasm line resistant to Phytophthora rot and soybean cyst nematode races 3 and 14 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,JACKSON,TN 38301. RP Kilen, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 196,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 822 EP 822 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300073 ER PT J AU Hanna, WW AF Hanna, WW TI Registration of cytoplasmic male-sterile inbred Tift 85D(2)A(4) pearl millet SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Hanna, WW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,USDA ARS,AGR RES STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 824 EP 824 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UL403 UT WOS:A1996UL40300076 ER PT J AU Lanser, AC Nakamura, LK AF Lanser, AC Nakamura, LK TI Identification of a Staphylococcus warneri species that converts oleic acid to 10-ketostearic acid SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKIN AB 10-Ketostearic acid was unexpectedly observed during bioconversion of oleic acid to 15-, 16-, and 17-octadecenoic acids by Bacillus pumilus. The unexpected conversion was caused by contaminants which were isolated, characterized, and identified, The three isolates were Gram positive cocci that grew anaerobically and were sensitive to furazolidone and lysostaphin, These characteristics suggested that the isolates belonged to the genus Staphylococcus. Physiological and biochemical characterization, fatty acid profiling, and DNA reassociation determinations indicated that the isolates were strains of the species Staphylococcus warneri. The organisms were deposited in ARS Culture Collection as NRRL B-14932, NRRL B-14933, and NRRL B-14934. RP Lanser, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s002849900047 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA UD770 UT WOS:A1996UD77000005 ER PT J AU Hespell, RB AF Hespell, RB TI Fermentation of xylan, corn fiber, or sugars to acetoin and butanediol by Bacillus polymyxa strains SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS BACILLUS; 2,3-BUTANEDIOL AB Bacillus polymyxa can produce levo-butanediol, a potential biogradable anti-freeze, and ethanol, a fuel additive, using starch-based fermentations, To explore use of less expensive biomass fermentation substrates, we screened B. polymyxa strains for good growth on xylans. During aerobic growth on glucose, six selected xylanolytic strains produced mainly acetoin and butanediol plus lesser amounts of acetaldehyde and ethanol. Undesirable acetoin formation was eliminated by anaerobic growth on glucose, but substrate usage, butanediol, and other fermentation products were greatly reduced. High xylanase activity occurred with growth on xylans or corn fiber, and about 50-65% of oatspelt xylan and 25-35% of the corn fiber were used during aerobic growth, but unexpectedly no butanediol and only small levels of acetoin were produced. Aerobic growth on arabinose, arabinose plus glucose, or xylose plus glucose resulted in both acetoin and butanediol formation. Little or no butanediol was made from xylose alone. Growth on an acid hydrolysate of corn fiber that contained a mixture of these sugars resulted in the formation of acetoin, acetaldehyde, and ethanol, but very little butanediol. The data suggest B. polymyxa is limited in conversion of xylan-rich biomass sources or their hydrolysates to butanediol. This limitation might be overcome by using better cultivation conditions and/or genetically engineered strains. RP Hespell, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s002849900052 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA UD770 UT WOS:A1996UD77000010 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC AF Dickey, LC TI Evaporation of water from agitated freezing slurries at low pressure SO DESALINATION LA English DT Article DE evaporation; freezing; triple point ID SURFACE-TENSION; VAPOR-PRESSURE; LIQUID WATER; TRIPLE; POINT AB In an absorptive vacuum freezing process, water evaporates from the freezing solution and condenses on a cold salt solution. Given sufficient condensing capacity, the evaporation rate will be controlled by the freezing solution vapor pressure. The size of the condensing equipment which matches a given evaporation system can be estimated using rate measurements made with low vapor pressure freezing solutions. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-9164 J9 DESALINATION JI Desalination PD MAY PY 1996 VL 104 IS 3 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/0011-9164(96)00038-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA UR905 UT WOS:A1996UR90500002 ER PT J AU Shirk, PD Zimowska, G Broza, R AF Shirk, PD Zimowska, G Broza, R TI alpha-Crystallin protein cognates are chaperones for follicular epithelium yolk protein in eggs of the moth, Plodia interpunctella. SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 175 IS 2 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA UK435 UT WOS:A1996UK43500070 ER PT J AU Yoo, J Stone, RT Kappes, SM Toldo, SS Fries, R Beattie, CW AF Yoo, J Stone, RT Kappes, SM Toldo, SS Fries, R Beattie, CW TI Genomic organization and chromosomal mapping of the bovine Fas/APO-1 gene SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; CELL-SURFACE ANTIGEN; FAS ANTIGEN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TRANSCRIPTION INVITRO; FACTOR-ALPHA; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; ACTIVATION AB The cell-surface protein Fas (APO-1) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and transduces apoptosis following binding of Fas ligand or exposure to certain anti-Fas antibodies, We have isolated the bovine Fas (bFas) gene and determined its genomic organization and chromosomal location, Our data indicate that bFas is a single-copy gene that contains 9 exons and spans approximately 31.5 kb, The 5'-flanking region lacks conventional TATA and CCAAT elements, but contains several putative regulatory elements, including multiple copies of Sp1, AP-2, E-box, and N-box consensus sites, Linkage analysis of two (CA) dinucleotide repeat microsatellites within intron 1 and physical assignment by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) placed the bFas gene on bovine chromosome 26. Collectively, these data provide a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control bFas gene expression. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. GERMAN CANC RES CTR,ORG COMPLEX GENOMES,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. TECH UNIV MUNCHEN WEIHENSTEPHAN,D-85350 FREISING,GERMANY. TECH UNIV MUNICH,LEHRSTUHL TIERZUCHT,D-85350 FREISING,GERMANY. OI Fries, Ruedi/0000-0002-4657-1787 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 15 IS 5 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.1089/dna.1996.15.377 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA UM096 UT WOS:A1996UM09600005 PM 8924212 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Rosebrough, RW Rumsey, TS Moseley, WM AF Elsasser, TH Rosebrough, RW Rumsey, TS Moseley, WM TI Hormonal and nutritional modulation of hepatic arginase activity in growing cattle SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEEF-LIVER ARGINASE; UREA CYCLE ENZYMES; AMINO-ACIDS; METABOLISM; MANGANESE; GROWTH; PIG AB The hormonal and nutritional modulation of hepatic arginase activity (HARG) was characterized in growing cattle in two studies. In the first study, 20 steers (initial weight, 182 +/- 2 kg) were assigned in equal numbers to either Synovex-S (SYN) (ear implant), recombinant bovine somatotropin (Somavubove; SbV; 0.1 mg/kg intramuscularly daily), SYN + SbV, or nothing (control). Steers were individually fed, for 56 d, a concentrate (80% diet dry matter [DM]) and silage (20% diet DM) diet providing 20 g of crude protein (CP) and 252 kcal metabolizable energy (ME) per kg body weight(0.75). On Day 57, samples of liver were obtained at slaughter and subsequently assayed for HARG by the incubation of a tissue homogenate for 2 hr with 250 mM arginine, with and without Mn2+ and heat activation, and the measurement of the resulting urea. HARG was uniformly increased by divalent cation (Mn2+) and heating. SYN had no effect on HARG, whereas SbV treatment resulted in an overall 34% decrease in HARG. Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) was decreased by SbV but not consistently affected by SYN. In the second study, 16 steers (avg. initial weight, 284 +/- 5 kg) were initially fed a concentrate basal diet consisting of 11% CP and 1.96 Meal ME for 21 d. Steers were then assigned to one of four dietary treatments (6.4 kg DM/hr per day) in a factorial arrangement of high and low CP (8 and 14%) and two levels of energy (1.96 and 2.67 Meal ME/kg of diet DM) for 210 d and slaughtered. HARG and PUN were higher in steers fed 14% CP but were lower at each level of CP fed at the higher level of ME. The data suggest that hormonal repartitioning compounds and diet composition may modulate nitrogen metabolism by affecting the activity of arginase in the liver as well as by affecting the total content of arginase in association with changes in organ size. C1 UPJOHN CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BLDG 200,RM 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 13 IS 3 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(95)00068-2 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UK816 UT WOS:A1996UK81600004 PM 8738863 ER PT J AU Proudman, JA Wentworth, BC AF Proudman, JA Wentworth, BC TI Pulsatile secretion of prolactin in laying and incubating turkey hens SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; CORTICOSTERONE; PATTERNS; RATS AB Incubation behavior in the turkey hen is associated with a large increase in prolactin secretion. Previous research using hourly sampling of incubating hens has shown that prolactin levels fluctuate widely throughout a 24-hr period, suggestive of pulsatile secretion. This study compared the prolactin secretory patterns of laying and incubating turkeys to determine if prolactin is secreted episodically and if the high prolactin levels characteristic of the incubating hen may result, at least in part, from a change in the amplitude or frequency of secretory pulses. Blood samples were collected from cannulated, unrestrained laying and incubating hens at 10-min intervals for up to 24 hr. Data were analyzed with the PULSAR program to determine baseline prolactin levels and to establish the magnitude, frequency, and duration of episodic secretory peaks. The results revealed that prolactin is secreted in a pulsatile pattern in both laying and incubating turkey hens. Incubating hens had ninefold higher mean and baseline plasma prolactin levels than laying hens. The prolactin pulses were of approximately 12-fold greater amplitude in incubating hens than in laying hens, but the duration and frequency of pulses were the same in both groups. Therefore, the high prolactin levels required for incubation do not appear to result from an increase in the frequency of lactotroph stimulation, but rather from an increase in the prolactin secretion rate. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Proudman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BLDG 262,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 13 IS 3 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(96)00018-5 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UK816 UT WOS:A1996UK81600010 PM 8738869 ER PT J AU Marion, JL Cole, DN AF Marion, JL Cole, DN TI Spatial and temporal variation in soil and vegetation impacts on campsites SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE campsite impact; campsite recovery; Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area; experimental trampling; northeastern United States; recreation ecology; recreation impact management; recreation impacts; riparian forests; temporal variation ID WILDERNESS CAMPSITES; COMMUNITIES AB We studied the impacts of camping on soil and vegetation at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. We assessed the magnitude of impact on campsites that varied in amount of use and in topographic position. We also evaluated change over a 5-yr period on long-established, recently opened, and recently closed campsites, as well as on plots subjected to experimental trampling. Campsite impacts were intense and spatially variable. Amount of use and topographic position explained some of this variation. Soil and vegetation conditions changed rapidly when campsites were initially opened to use and when they were closed to use. Changes were less pronounced on the long-established campsites that remained open to use. In the trampling experiments, impact varied greatly with trampling intensity and between vegetation types. An open-canopy grassland vegetation type was much more resistant to trampling than a forb-dominated forest vegetation type. Campsite impacts increased rapidly with initial disturbance, stabilized with ongoing disturbance, and-in contrast to what has been found in most other studies-decreased rapidly once disturbance was terminated. Implications of these results for campsite management strategies, such as use concentration or dispersal, and rotation or closure of campsites, are discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RES INST,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP Marion, JL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COOPERAT PK STUDIES UNIT,NATL BIOL SERV,US DEPT INTERIOR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 18 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 6 IS 2 BP 520 EP 530 DI 10.2307/2269388 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UH485 UT WOS:A1996UH48500021 ER PT J AU Host, GE Polzer, PL Mladenoff, DJ White, MA Crow, TR AF Host, GE Polzer, PL Mladenoff, DJ White, MA Crow, TR TI A quantitative approach to developing regional ecosystem classifications SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate; ecological land classification; geographic information systems; landscape ecosystem; physiography; Wisconsin ID NORTHWESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN; DELINEATION; ECOREGIONS; LANDSCAPE; HARDWOOD; FORESTS AB Ecological land classification systems have recently been developed at continental, regional, state, and landscape scales. In most cases, the map units of these systems result from subjectively drawn boundaries, often derived by consensus and with unclear choice and weighting of input data. Such classifications are of variable accuracy and are not reliably repeatable. We combined geographic information systems (GIS) with multivariate statistical analyses to integrate climatic, physiographic, and edaphic databases and produce a classification of regional landscape ecosystems on a 29 340-km(2) quadrangle of northwestern Wisconsin. Climatic regions were identified from a high-resolution climatic database consisting of 30-yr mean monthly temperature and precipitation values interpolated over a 1-km(2) grid across the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with an isodata clustering algorithm was used to identify regions of similar seasonal climatic trends. Maps of Pleistocene geology and major soil morphosequences were used to identify the major physiographic and soil regions within the landscape. Climatic and physiographic coverages were integrated to identify regional landscape ecosystems, which potentially differ in characteristic forest composition, successional dynamics, potential productivity, and other ecosystem-level processes. Validation analysis indicated strong correspondence between forest cover classes from an independently derived Landsat Thematic Mapper classification and ecological region. The development of more standardized data sets and analytical methods for ecoregional classification provides a basis for sound interpretations of forest management at multiple spatial scales. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, BUR RES, WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. PACIFIC FOREST TRUST, BOONVILLE, CA 95415 USA. US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. RP Host, GE (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA, NAT RESOURCES RES INST, 5013 MILLER TRUNK HIGHWAY, DULUTH, MN 55811 USA. NR 54 TC 74 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 6 IS 2 BP 608 EP 618 DI 10.2307/2269395 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UH485 UT WOS:A1996UH48500028 ER PT J AU Mangan, RL AF Mangan, RL TI Effects of adult chill treatments on mate attracting potential for irradiated Mexican fruit fly males SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; eradication; mating; sterile insect technique ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), that are reared, sterilized and released for maintenance of a fly free zone in south Texas and for population eradication in California are routinely chilled for 1 to 2 h to facilitate handling and dispersal. While a number of behavioral, physical and physiological characteristics are routinely monitored as part of a quality control program, the effect of the chilling process on the ability of these males to attract wild females has not been evaluated. Tests were performed to compare the mate attracting effectiveness of mass reared, sterilized, chilled males with sterile males that had not been chilled and with recently colonized males. Tests were performed with two recently colonized strains of females in a large cage and males of the three types in plastic cups set on top of the cage. Controls consisted of empty cups. Results showed no significant differences among the three types of males. In tests with the most recently collected (least laboratory adapted) wild strain of females, the chilled males attracted the most females. Fly age and time of day were both significantly related to total attractiveness of males. Number of females responding to males per day increased over the five-day test period. The time period when female response was greatest was variable among the tests. RP Mangan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECT RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UL830 UT WOS:A1996UL83000005 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Strong, CA Koehler, PG AF Valles, SM Strong, CA Koehler, PG TI Inter- and intra-instar food consumption in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE food consumption; development; Blattella germanica ID INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; DICTYOPTERA; REPRODUCTION AB Food consumption was measured in an insecticide-susceptible (Orlando) and -resistant (Village Green) strain of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), throughout each stadium. All instars exhibited a similar pattern of consumption over the course of the instar; consumption was low to moderate at the beginning of each instar, climbed steadily to a maximum near the middle, declined progressively from the mid-instar maximum, and ceased or was minimal several days before the next molt. Consumption ceased or was minimal during the final two to four days of each instar. Cumulative consumption for the six instars was significantly greater in the Village Green strain as compared with the Orlando strain. Village Green nymphs consumed 79.6 +/- 0.7 mg of rat chow while Orlando nymphs consumed 63.7 +/- 3.4 mg. Total consumption by instar increased significantly with each successive instar in the Village Green strain. In addition, Village Green sixth instar females consumed significantly more food than sixth instar males. A similar trend was observed for the Orlando strain; consumption tended to increase in each successive instar. Relative consumption rate (food consumed/cockroach/instar divided by the mean weight of the instar) was highest in the first two instars and decreased in subsequent instars. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UL830 UT WOS:A1996UL83000007 ER PT J AU Harris, EJ Bautista, RC AF Harris, EJ Bautista, RC TI Effects of fruit fly host, fruit species, and host egg to female parasitoid ratio on the laboratory rearing of Biosteres arisanus SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Biosteres arisanus; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; fruit flies; parasitoid ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; HAWAII AB The host suitability of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), for development of Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), a braconid parasitoid, was compared with three other fruit fly species, namely, Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Weidemann, melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquilett, and Malaysian fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). In addition, effects of five different fruit species, namely, Carica papaya L. (solo papaya), Musa sapientum (L.) O. Ktze. (apple banana), Mangifera indica (L.) (Haden mango), Terminalia catappa (L.) (false kamani), and Citrus aurantiifolia (Christman) Swingle (common lime), on the parasitization rate of B. dorsalis and sex ratio of parasitoid progenies were evaluated. Effects of host egg to female B. arisanus ratios on parasitoid progeny yields were likewise determined. The host suitability of fruit flies for development of B. arisanus was ranked as: B, dorsalis>C. capitata = B. latifrons = B. cucurbitae. Based on percent parasitization of B. dorsalis, preference of B. arisanus females for host eggs varied with fruit species, however, preferential oviposition displayed by female parasitoids did not influence sex ratios of subsequent parasitoid progenies. Increases in host egg to female parasitoid ratios of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 25:1, and 30:1 corresponded with increases in parasitoid progeny yield reaching a plateau at 20:1. RP Harris, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UL830 UT WOS:A1996UL83000009 ER PT J AU Schaefer, PW Beal, RS AF Schaefer, PW Beal, RS TI Anthrenus museorum (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), an egg predator of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Connecticut and a review of dermestids as gypsy moth egg predators SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ENEMIES; MOROCCO; LEP AB Larvae of Anthrenus museorum were collected in egg masses of Lymantria dispar in Tolland Co., Connecticut, in March 1982. Field evidence and subsequent laboratory rearing confirmed predation on viable moth eggs. In Japan and South Korea, several new collection records and a possible new species of Trogoderma from Japan are reported. The first recovery of Cryptorhopalum ruficorne in Delaware is included. Dermestids in the role as predators on gypsy moth eggs worldwide are compiled in a table and briefly reviewed. Any impact appears to be directly density dependent and at high moth populations the impact may be significant. This form of egg predation has not been thoroughly studied. RP Schaefer, PW (reprint author), USDA,BENEFICIAL INSECTS INTRO RES LAB,501 S CHAPEL ST,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 107 IS 3 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UN326 UT WOS:A1996UN32600005 ER PT J AU Passoa, S Hollingsworth, CS AF Passoa, S Hollingsworth, CS TI Distribution, identification and rate of spread of Noctua pronuba (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the northeastern United States SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID CANADA AB The distribution and spread of Noctua pronuba in the eastern United States is reviewed using data collected until the end of the 1994 season. Diagnostic features of the genitalia in both sexes are discussed and illustrated. The rate of spread of N. pronuba in the eastern United States averaged approximately 80 miles per year from 1985-1994. RP Passoa, S (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,USDA,APHIS,PPQ,1315 KINNEAR RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43212, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 107 IS 3 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UN326 UT WOS:A1996UN32600006 ER PT J AU Schroder, RFW Sidor, AM Athanas, MM AF Schroder, RFW Sidor, AM Athanas, MM TI Parental care in Erixestus winnemana (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an egg parasite of Calligrapha (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Parental care is very rare among parasitic Hymenoptera. We report the first evidence of parental care in Erixestus winnemana (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a native pteromalid egg parasite of Calligrapha, (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in the United States. Erixestus winnemana protects her eggs from other parasites and hyperparasite Apostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). This behavior is also exhibited on Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, eggs. RP Schroder, RFW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,PSI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 23 U2 39 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 107 IS 3 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UN326 UT WOS:A1996UN32600007 ER PT J AU RowlandBamford, AJ Baker, JT Allen, LH Bowes, G AF RowlandBamford, AJ Baker, JT Allen, LH Bowes, G TI Interactions of CO2 enrichment and temperature on carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning in rice SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CO2 enrichment; temperature; Oryza sativa; photosynthesis; TNC ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; LEAVES; RESPONSES; GROWTH; MODEL; OCEAN AB The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of CO2 concentration and temperature on carbohydrate partitioning and status in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR-30). The plants were grown season-long in sunlit, controlled-environment chambers with CO2 concentrations of 330 or 660 mu mol mol(-1), and daytime air temperatures of 28, 34 or 40 degrees C. In leaf blades, the priority between partitioning of carbon into storage or into export changed with CO2 concentration and temperature. Leaf sucrose concentration increased with CO2 enrichment at all temperature regimes. Over the season, elevated CO2 resulted in an increase in total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and culms at all temperature treatments. Elevated CO2 had no effect on carbohydrate concentration in the grain at maturity, however, grain TNC concentration was significantly lowered by increasing temperature. Under the highest temperature regime, the plants in the 330 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 treatment died during stem extension while the CO2 enriched plants survived but produced sterile panicles. The results suggest that CO2-enriched plants could survive and maintain carbohydrate production rates at higher temperatures than the non-enriched plants; however, the optimum temperature for TNC accumulation was 28 degrees C at both CO2 concentrations. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(95)00025-9 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UQ559 UT WOS:A1996UQ55900012 ER PT J AU Cohen, WB Kushla, JD Ripple, WJ Garman, SL AF Cohen, WB Kushla, JD Ripple, WJ Garman, SL TI An introduction to digital methods in remote sensing of forested ecosystems: Focus on the Pacific Northwest, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; geographic information systems; forest management; ecosystem management; forest inventory ID TEMPERATE CONIFEROUS FORESTS; LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SENSED DATA; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; NATIONAL FOREST; SATELLITE DATA; SIMULATOR DATA; EXPERT SYSTEM; SCANNER DATA AB Aerial photography has been routinely used for several decades by natural resource scientists and managers to map and monitor the condition of forested landscapes. Recently, along with the emergence of concepts in managing forests as ecosystems, has come a significant shift in emphasis from smaller to larger spatial scales and the widespread use of geographic information systems. These developments have precipitated an increasing need for vegetation information derived from other remote sensing imagery, especially digital data acquired from high-elevation aircraft and satellite platforms. This paper introduces fundamental concepts in digital remote sensing and describes numerous applications of the technology. The intent is to provide a balanced, nontechnical view, discussing the shortcomings, successes, and future potential for digital remote sensing of forested ecosystems. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ENVIRONM REMOTE SENSING APPLICAT LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 93 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 421 EP 435 DI 10.1007/BF01203849 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UJ165 UT WOS:A1996UJ16500012 ER PT J AU Gan, JY Yates, SR Wang, D Spencer, WF AF Gan, JY Yates, SR Wang, D Spencer, WF TI Effect of soil factors on methyl bromide volatilization after soil application SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; TRACE ORGANICS; FUMIGATION AB Two current tasks regarding the use of methyl bromide (MeBr) as a soil fumigant are to accurately estimate its volatilization rate into the atmosphere from soil fumigation and to develop application and soil management techniques that minimize this volatilization. In this study, we established experimentally that a series of soil factors, e.g., soil type, soil water content, and bulk density, affect MeBr behavior in the soil-water-air phases and its volatilization rate from the soil surface. Methyl bromide volatilization was significantly decreased in an organic matter-rich soil due to enhanced degradation and in moist and dense soils due to reduced diffusion in the gas phase. These results imply that MeBr volatilization rate may vary from one geographic region to another or from one field to another in the same region due to changes in soil conditions or even from one site to another in the same field due to soil heterogeneity. To minimize MeBr volatilization from soil, MeBr should be injected at great depths in moist soil under tarped conditions, with the soil surface packed before or immediately after the application. Applying MeBr at a shallow depth into relatively dry and loose soil under untarped conditions will result in maximum volatilization and therefore should always be avoided. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDES RES UNIT,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP Gan, JY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1629 EP 1636 DI 10.1021/es950624i PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UG954 UT WOS:A1996UG95400057 ER PT J AU ElBouhssini, M Lhaloui, S Amri, A Jlibene, M Hatchett, JH Nssarellah, N Nachitt, M AF ElBouhssini, M Lhaloui, S Amri, A Jlibene, M Hatchett, JH Nssarellah, N Nachitt, M TI Wheat genetic control of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD/MAICH Workshop on Multidisciplinary Assessment of Transgenic Crop Plants - Technical, Agronomic and Ecological Aspects CY SEP 15-19, 1993 CL KHANIA, GREECE SP OECD, MAICH DE insect control; Mayetiola destructor; resistance, antibiosis; resistance plant; resistance breeding; Triticum ID CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; RESISTANCE GENES; DURUM-WHEAT; D-GENOME; INHERITANCE; RYE; TRANSLOCATION AB Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), causes about 30% yield reduction on both durum wheat and bread wheat in Morocco. Major effort has been put on host plant resistance for control of this pest. Field and greenhouse experiments demonstrated that resistance genes H5, H11, H13, H14H15, H21, H22, H23, H25, and H26 are very effective. They all express antibiosis as a mechanism of resistance, whereby first instars die after they start feeding on plants carrying resistance genes. By contrast, H7H8 and H9 are only moderately resistant against Hessian fly in Morocco. Five other sources of resistance in bread wheat were identified: Massira, BT92P1.20: NS732/Herm, L222, L254 and ADC14. All of these resistance genes have been incorporated into Moroccan wheats. Two bread wheat cultivars, Saada (H5) and Massira (tolerant), were released to farmers in 1989 and 1994, respectively. Two bread wheat lines carrying H13 and H22 genes and L222 are in registration yield trials. No source of resistance for Hessian fly in durum wheat was identified. H5 and H11 genes, located on the A genome, have been transferred from bread wheat to drum wheat. H21 and H25 genes, located on B genome, are being transferred from bread wheat to durum wheat. C1 INRA,CRRA,MEKNES,MOROCCO. KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. ICARDA,ALEPPO,SYRIA. RP ElBouhssini, M (reprint author), INRA,CRRA,BP 589,SETTAT,MOROCCO. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1-3 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(95)00063-1 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UR793 UT WOS:A1996UR79300013 ER PT J AU Cherry, JP AF Cherry, JP TI Corrections to news item SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Cherry, JP (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 50 IS 5 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA UN005 UT WOS:A1996UN00500010 ER PT J AU Bennett, GA Richard, JL AF Bennett, GA Richard, JL TI Influence of processing on Fusarium mycotoxins in contaminated grains SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYNIVALENOL VOMITOXIN; CORN; ZEARALENONE; FUMONISIN-B1; FOODS; PRODUCTS; FEEDS AB Fusarium mycotoxins survive processing and tend to concentrate in products generally used for animal feeds RP Bennett, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 50 IS 5 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA UN005 UT WOS:A1996UN00500034 ER PT J AU Luppold, W AF Luppold, W TI An explanation of hardwood lumber pricing SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Hardwood lumber pricing is a complex process that is easily misunderstood by those outside the hardwood industry. Prices for green and air-dried lumber published weekly by the two hardwood lumber price reporting services are conditional. The actual price of a specific shipment of lumber depends on the nature of the sale, attributes of specific shipments, market conditions, transportation costs, and the point in the distribution system at which the transaction occurs. Prices of kiln-dried lumber are reported over large ranges because of differences in product attributes and specifications of individual customer groups. Because of the conditionality of green and air-dried lumber prices and the wide range of prices for kiln-dried lumber, researchers who examine hardwood markets or develop new wood-using technologies should become familiar with the pricing process of the specific grade, species, and product under study. RP Luppold, W (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,241 MERCER SPRINGS RD,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 46 IS 5 BP 52 EP 55 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA UL408 UT WOS:A1996UL40800018 ER PT J AU LeVan, SL Kim, JM Nagel, RJ Evans, JM AF LeVan, SL Kim, JM Nagel, RJ Evans, JM TI Mechanical properties of fire-retardant-treated plywood after cyclic temperature exposure SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD AB Some fire-retardant-treated (FRT) plywood used as roof sheathing has demonstrated loss of strength in service conditions. Research at the Forest Products Laboratory is aimed toward identifying the failure mechanisms of FRT wood, the chemicals that contribute to wood degradation, the temperature levels at which degradation occurs, the influence of moisture content (MC), and the correlation between these factors and the rate of degradation. To date, these efforts have led to the development of constant temperature test regimes for both plywood and lumber (ASTM D 5516-1994, and D 5664-1995, respectively). The objective of the research addressed here is the determination of how well constant temperature cycles relate to actual cyclic in-service temperature fluctuations. In this study, a special grade of southern pine plywood was treated with two fire-retardant chemicals and subjected to a cyclic temperature variation from room temperature to 65 degrees C at two targeted MC levels, 6 and 12 percent. Results indicate that modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were relatively unchanged. The MOR values indicated a slight negative trend at both targeted MC levels, although the MOR values for the 12 percent specimens were slightly less than the MOR values for the 6 percent specimens. The most affected strength property was work to maximum load. The treated material showed a greater tendency for degrade than did the untreated material. In comparison with data from a plywood study using 65 degrees C and 12 percent MC at constant temperature exposure, cyclic exposure appears to be less severe than constant temperature exposure. However, uncertainty regarding the internal temperature of the plywood could account for the difference in severity. C1 GYEONSANG NATL UNIV,GYEONSANG,SOUTH KOREA. RP LeVan, SL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 46 IS 5 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA UL408 UT WOS:A1996UL40800020 ER PT J AU Korol, RL Milner, KS Running, SW AF Korol, RL Milner, KS Running, SW TI Testing a mechanistic model for predicting stand and tree growth SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE net primary production; carbon balance; maintenance respiration ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; DOUGLAS-FIR PLANTATION; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; GENERAL-MODEL; VEGETATION; BIOMASS; WATER; COMPETITION; ALLOCATION AB Given the uncertainty of future climate regimes, it has become necessary to develop growth and yield models that can respond to potential changes in climate. TREE-BGC, a derivative of the physiological process model FOREST-BGC, was used to simulate the growth of 998 trees in uneven-aged stands near Kamloops, B.C. Stand variables were derived from a tree list. The model used a disaggregation logic to allocate stand level estimates of carbon gain and respiration costs to individual trees. Increments in height and diameter were estimated so as to maintain their allometric relation, but scaled to produce an estimate of stem volume equivalent to the carbon allocated to the trees. Mortality was simulated when the maintenance respiration of the tree exceeded the carbon allocated to the tree. Plot level estimates of 20 yr basal area increment and volume increment were highly correlated with actual measurements (r(2) = 0.94 and 0.96, respectively; n = 24). The cumulative modeled diameter and height distributions were compared to measured distributions. The simulated cumulative diameter and height distributions were not significantly different from the actual cumulative diameter and height distributions for 23 of the 24 plots (alpha = 0.05). The model was found to have an accuracy of about 0.16 m(2)ha(-1)yr(-1) for basal area and 1.51 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1) for volume (alpha' = alpha '' = 0.05), averaged over the 20 yr period. Long-term model behavior was influenced by stand density, basal area, and volumes. Stand mortality appeared to emulate the so-called self-thinning rule, and a maximum size-density relationship was found. C1 UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812. RP Korol, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 61 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 2 BP 139 EP 153 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UK598 UT WOS:A1996UK59800003 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, WB TI Long-term structural change in uneven-aged northern hardwoods SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diameter-distribution; negative-exponential; rotated-sigmoid; balanced-stand; q-distribution ID DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; FOREST; STANDS AB The diameter distributions of 10 previously unmanaged northern hardwood stands on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire were analyzed to determine changes over a 35 yr period since a single cutting by the diameter-limit or single-tree selection methods. The diameter distribution of an uncut old-growth stand (the Bowl) provided a comparison. The cuttings left residual basal areas of 25 to 96 ft(2) of basal area per acre (5.7 to 22.0 m(2)/ha), as well as a wide range in diameter distribution. Basal area of the old-growth stand was 123 ft(2)/ac (28.2 m(2)/ha), and the diameter distribution was reverse J-shaped (negative exponential) as evidenced by a close fit (adjusted r(2) = 0.97) of log (no. of trees) over dbh class; the q (ratio between numbers of trees in successive 2 in. dbh classes) equaled 1.39. Under all cutting methods, the diameter distributions after 35 yr fit the reverse J-shaped form only moderately well with adjusted r(2)'s of 0.81 to 0.95. An equal or better fit in most cases (adjusted r(2)'s of 0.91 to 0.98) was provided by log (no. of trees) over dbh(2), which reflects the tendency of the quotients between numbers of trees per dbh class to increase with dbh. None of the initial diameter distributions of the cut stands had rotated sigmoid characteristics, but five of the final diameter distributions had significant rotated sigmoid characteristics, and at least two others showed graphical sigmoid tendencies. Apparently, rotated sigmoid characteristics are caused by disturbance, perhaps coupled with successional trends toward increased tolerant softwoods. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,COR CONCORD & MAST RD,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 2 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UK598 UT WOS:A1996UK59800005 ER PT J AU Reed, DD Liechty, HO Jones, EA Zhang, Y AF Reed, DD Liechty, HO Jones, EA Zhang, Y TI Above- and belowground dry matter accumulation pattern derived from dimensional biomass relationships SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE shoot:root ratio; dry matter partitioning; carbon allocation ID SHOOT; GROWTH; MODEL; ALLOCATION; PINE AB A model of dry matter accumulation pattern is derived from above- and belowground dimensional biomass relationships as a function of basal diameter growth and total height increment. Without loss of generality, the model is illustrated utilizing previous results of analyses with eight years of growth records from precompetitive red pine (Pinus resinosa, Ait.) plantations in northern Michigan. Model behavior corresponds with previous knowledge concerning the seasonal patterns of dry matter accumulation in conifers and with the response of plant allocation patterns to temperature and moisture stress. Changes in accumulation fraction as a function of tree size also agree with previous observations. This model can be developed using existing above- and belowground dimensional biomass equations and functions describing the seasonal growth of diameter and height. The range of its applicability depends on the ranges of applicability of the component equations. Unification of this ''mensurational'' approach to modeling dry matter accumulation with previous functional balance methods can be achieved by placing appropriate constraints on model components. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. US FOREST SERV,USDA,SE FOREST EXPT STN,CHARLESTON,SC. RP Reed, DD (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,1400 TOWNSEND DR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 2 BP 236 EP 241 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UK598 UT WOS:A1996UK59800014 ER PT J AU Johri, MM Coe, EH AF Johri, MM Coe, EH TI Clonal analysis of corn plant development .2. The formation of lower nodes SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE clonal analysis; corn; fate map; internode development; shoot apical meristem ID CELL-LINEAGE PATTERNS; SHOOT; MERISTEM; EMBRYO AB The formation of the lower nodes and internodes in maize (Zea mays L.) and the progression of their differentiation was investigated by generating clonal sectors from cells of the apical meristem. Marked clones were induced by irradiating dry seeds (kernels) and 2-, 8- and 13-day-old seedlings heterozygous for anthocyanin markers (b, pl) and a chlorophyll factor (wd). The extent and apparent number of cells generating the internodes 2-6, which normally remain condensed, were traced by promoting the elongation of these internodes with gibberellic acid. At the mature seed stage, internodes 2 and 3 are undergoing longitudinal expansion and each is represented by two or three circumferential populations of cells. Internodes 4 and 5 are in the process of radial expansion and each is represented by a single circumferential population of cells. At nodes 2-4, the cells for leaves and internodes have separated but such a separation has not occurred for nodes 5 and 6. The formation and expansion of basal six internodes progressed acropetally, i.e. from the base toward distal nodes. Analysis of sectors induced at the seedling stage shows that the formation of middle and top internodes also progress acropetally. The basal, middle and top internodes were found to develop at different apparent cell numbers in the apical meristem. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Johri, MM (reprint author), TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES,MOLEC BIOL UNIT,HOMI BHABHA RD,BOMBAY 400005,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD MAY PY 1996 VL 97 IS 3 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1007/BF00055315 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA UN238 UT WOS:A1996UN23800006 ER PT J AU Beeman, RW Thomson, MS Clark, JM DeCamillis, MA Brown, SJ Denell, RE AF Beeman, RW Thomson, MS Clark, JM DeCamillis, MA Brown, SJ Denell, RE TI Woot, an active gypsy-class retrotransposon in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is associated with a recent mutation SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA RETROTRANSPOSON; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; GENE; GENOME; ORGANIZATION; RESISTANCE; COMPLEX AB A recently isolated, lethal mutation of the homeotic Abdominal gene of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is associated with an insertion of a novel retrotransposon into an intron. Sequence analysis indicates that this retrotransposon, named Woot, is a member of the gypsy family of mobile elements. Most strains of T. castaneum appear to harbor similar to 25-35 copies of Woot per genome. Woot is composed of long terminal repeats of unprecedented length (3.6 kb each), flanking an internal coding region 5.0 kb in length. For most copies of Woot, the internal region includes two open reading frames (ORFs) that correspond to the gag and pol genes of previously described retrotransposons and retroviruses. The copy of Woot inserted into Abdominal bears an apparent single frameshift mutation that separates the normal second ORF into two. Woot does not appear to generate infectious virions by the criterion that no envelop gene is discernible. The association of Woot with a recent mutation suggests that this retroelement is currently transpositionally active in at least some strains. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,USDA,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 1996 VL 143 IS 1 BP 417 EP 426 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA UH283 UT WOS:A1996UH28300038 PM 8722793 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Hu, ZL Smith, TPL Keele, JW Beattie, CW AF Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Hu, ZL Smith, TPL Keele, JW Beattie, CW TI A comprehensive map of the porcine genome SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID GROWTH-HORMONE GENE; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; LINKAGE MAP; PIG GENOME; APO-B; LOCUS; MICROSATELLITES; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSIGNMENT; CLONING AB We report the highest density genetic linkage map for a livestock species produced to date. Three published maps for Sus scrofa were merged by genotyping virtually every publicly available microsatellite across a single reference population to yield 1042 linked loci, 536 of which are novel assignments, spanning 2286.2 cM (average interval 2.23 cM) in 19 linkage groups (18 autosomal and X chromosomes, n=19). Linkage groups were constructed de novo and mapped by locus content to avoid propagation of errors in older genotypes. The physical and genetic maps were integrated with 123 informative loci assigned previously by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fourteen linkage groups span the entire length of each chromosome. Coverage of chromosomes 11, 12, 15, and 18 will be evaluated as more markers are physically assigned. Marker-deficient regions were identified only on 11q1.7-qter and 14 cen-q1.2. Recombination rates (cM/Mbp) varied between and within chromosomes. Short chromosomal arms recombined at higher rates than long arms, and recombination was more frequent in telomeric regions than in pericentric regions. The high-resolution comprehensive map has the marker density needed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL), implement marker-assisted selection or introgression and YAC contig construction or chromosomal microdissection. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 106 TC 411 Z9 435 U1 1 U2 17 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 1054-9803 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 6 IS 5 BP 371 EP 391 DI 10.1101/gr.6.5.371 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA UM831 UT WOS:A1996UM83100003 PM 8743988 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Young, JA Lugaski, T AF Blank, RR Young, JA Lugaski, T TI Pedogenesis on talus slopes, the Buckskin range, Nevada, USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID SOIL DEVELOPMENT; DESERT; CALIFORNIA; QUATERNARY; BASIN; MORPHOLOGY; GENESIS; ORIGIN; ISRAEL; LOESS AB Soil development on steep mountainous topography generally leads to thin and undifferentiated pedons. On talus slopes of the Buckskin Mountains, a fault-blocked range of west-central Nevada, USA, thick, differentiated pedons occur. Talus occurs on the western front where block rotation has formed very steep slopes and consists of angular dacite cobbles and boulders. The study area is arid, averaging less than 20 cm of precipitation per year. Typical pedons consist of surface talus filled with vesicular, non-structured, sandy loam to loam material. This material overlies clay-textured, prismatic- and blocky-structured horizons, mostly rock-free that, in places, are over 1 m thick. Pedons are classified as fine, mixed, mesic Xeralfic Paleargids. Soil macro- and micromorphological features, soil mineralogy, and soil chemical and physical attributes suggest the following developmental sequence which began sometime before the middle Pleistocene. The talus serves as a baffle to collect eolian dust. Once eolian dust accumulates to a threshold thickness, primary minerals are transformed, in situ, mostly to a smectitic clay. As clay content increases, a second threshold level is reached at which time the horizon of clay enrichment has sufficient strength and shrink-swell potential to support and raft the talus upward. The exposed talus can then continue to trap eolian dust, the soil profile thickens, and the pedon is protected from erosion. A variation of this soil cumulation process may be partially responsible for textural-B horizon formation in arid and semiarid climates. C1 UNIV NEVADA,MACKAY SCH MINES,RENO,NV. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT BIOL RANGELNADS UNIT,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAY PY 1996 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(96)00002-X PG 22 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UX373 UT WOS:A1996UX37300007 ER PT J AU Swanson, DK AF Swanson, DK TI Soil geomorphology on bedrock and colluvial terrain with permafrost in central Alaska, USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR ALASKA; FOREST TYPES; VEGETATION; SITES AB The depth to permafrost, thickness of the surface organic layer, and strength of redoximorphic features are closely correlated in soils on low-relief bedrock hills and colluvial slopes near Hughes, Alaska. Soils can be arrayed along a morphological gradient from warm-dry-mineral to cold-wet-organic, and the ranks of soils along this gradient correlate with topographic parameters and mineral soil texture. The warm-dry-mineral soils tend to occur on coarse-textured materials, convex slopes, steep slopes, and south-facing slope aspects, while the cold-wet-organic soils tend to occur on fine-textured materials, concave slopes, gentle slopes, and north-facing aspects. Slope shape and mineral soil texture are the geomorphic factors most closely associated with the ranking of soils along the morphological gradient from warm-dry-mineral to cold-wet-organic. C1 USDA,NATL RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,FAIRBANKS,AK 99709. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAY PY 1996 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(96)00003-1 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UX373 UT WOS:A1996UX37300009 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Harp, JA AF Waters, WR Harp, JA TI Cryptosporidium parvum infection in T-cell receptor (TCR)-alpha- and TCR-delta-deficient mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTES-T; ALPHA-BETA; GAMMA-INTERFERON; IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN; RECOGNITION; GENES; ROLES AB Mice deficient in either alpha beta or gamma delta T cells were more susceptible to infection with the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum than were control mice. Both neonatal and adult alpha beta-T-cell-deficient mice developed chronic infection. gamma delta-T-cell-deficient neonatal mice were more susceptible than control mice but were able to clear the infection. Adult gamma delta-T-cell-deficient mice were not susceptible to infection. These data indicate that alpha beta T cells are important for resistance to C. parvum while gamma delta T cells have a less critical role. C1 ARS,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI07378] NR 28 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1854 EP 1857 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA UG365 UT WOS:A1996UG36500052 PM 8613403 ER PT J AU Johnson, RP Cray, WC Johnson, ST AF Johnson, RP Cray, WC Johnson, ST TI Serum antibody responses of cattle following experimental infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; SEROLOGICAL CROSS-REACTION; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; SEROTYPE O157-H7; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; DAIRY-CATTLE; SHIGA; TOXIN; CYTOTOXIN; CELLS AB Oral inoculation of calves and steers with 10(10) CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7 induced prompt and sustained increases in serum antibodies to O157 lipopolysaccharide. Neutralizing antibodies to verotoxin 1 also increased rapidly in most steers but more gradually in calves. None of the animals developed neutralizing antibodies to verotoxin 2. These serological responses were not correlated with elimination of infection in calves or steers or protection of calves against reinfection with the same strain. C1 ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. RP Johnson, RP (reprint author), AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,HLTH ANIM LAB,110 STONE RD W,GUELPH,ON N1G 3W4,CANADA. NR 46 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1879 EP 1883 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA UG365 UT WOS:A1996UG36500059 PM 8613410 ER PT J AU Feng, GH Richardson, M Chen, MS Kramer, KJ Morgan, TD Reeck, GR AF Feng, GH Richardson, M Chen, MS Kramer, KJ Morgan, TD Reeck, GR TI alpha-amylase inhibitors from wheat: Amino acid sequences and patterns of inhibition of insect and human alpha-amylases SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-amylase inhibitors; amino acid sequence; stored product insect pest; plant protection; wheat proteins ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; RICE WEEVIL; PROTEINACEOUS INHIBITORS; CURCULIONIDAE; KERNEL; PURIFICATION; ALBUMINS AB Four alpha-amylase inhibitors, WRP24, WRP25, WRP26, and WRP27, were purified from wheat flour by preparative, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, All have polypeptide molecular masses of about 14 kDa and are members of the cereal superfamily of protease and alpha-amylase inhibitors, Sedimentation velocity analysis indicated that WRP25 and WRP27 are monomeric proteins, whereas WRP24 is a dimer. WRP24 is identical in N-terminal amino acid sequence to the well characterized 0.19 dimeric inhibitor from wheat kernels, WRP25 and WRP26 differ in sequence from each other at only three positions and represent previously unseparated forms of the 0.28 wheat inhibitor, WRP27 is a previously uncharacterized inhibitor and is more similar in sequence to the 0.28 inhibitor than to the 0.19 inhibitor, WRP25 and WRP26 inhibited alpha-amylases from the rice weevil, red flour beetle, and the yellow meal worm, but did not inhibit human salivary alpha-amylase. WRP24 inhibited the human as well as the insect alpha-amylases, but inhibited one of the two rice weevil alpha-amylases much more strongly than the other, WRP27 was notable in that, of the enzymes tested, it strongly inhibited only the rice weevil. alpha-amylases. We observed that the growth rate of red flour beetle larvae was slowed when purified WRP24 was included in the diet at a level of 10%, Addition of WRP24 to corn starch resulted in greater weight loss of red flour beetle adults than occurred on control diets, Our results support the hypothesis that these alpha-amylase inhibitors provide wheat seeds with a selective evolutionary advantage since the inhibitors can slow the growth of insect pests that attack cereal grains. Copyright (C) 1996 published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV DURHAM,SCI LABS,DEPT BIOL SCI,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00087-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA UV340 UT WOS:A1996UV34000002 PM 8763161 ER PT J AU Zen, KC Choi, HK Krishnamachary, N Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ AF Zen, KC Choi, HK Krishnamachary, N Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ TI Cloning, expression, and hormonal regulation of an insect beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase gene SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase; epidermis; integument; cuticle; molting; gut; Manduca sexta; cDNA; cloning; 20-hydroxyecdysone; juvenile; hormone; fenoxycarb; developmental; regulation; gene; chitin; tobacco homworm ID MANDUCA-SEXTA L; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; TOBACCO HORNWORM; CHITINASE SYSTEM; MOLTING FLUID; PROTEINS; CDNA; HEXOSAMINIDASE; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION AB Chitinolytic enzymes such as beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases are major hydrolases involved in insect molting, By screening a Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) cDNA library with an antibody against beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from molting fluid of M. sexta pharate pupae, several putative cDNA clones for this enzyme were isolated, The longest of the cDNA clones has an insert of approximately 3 kb, and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined, Because this clone is missing the initiation codon and nucleotides corresponding to the leader peptide, the mRNA 5'-end sequence was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification and cycle sequencing, The sequence of the encoded protein from positions 23 to 35 is identical to the NH2-terminal sequence of one of the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases isolated from pharate pupal molting fluid, The amino acid sequence is similar to those of silkworm, human, mouse, bacterial, and several other beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases. Two highly conserved regions in the amino acid sequence were found in all members of this family, Southern blot analysis suggested that the number of genes in the Manduca genome closely related to the cDNA clone may be as few as one, The beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase gene is expressed most abundantly in epidermal and gut tissues on days 6 and 7 of fifth instar larvae. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone induced expression of the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase gene, whereas topical application of the juvenile hormone analog, fenoxycarb, suppressed the inductive effect of molting hormone. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US GRAIN MKT RES LAB, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOCHEM, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. NR 40 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 435 EP 444 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00111-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA UV340 UT WOS:A1996UV34000004 PM 8763162 ER PT J AU OkotKotber, BM Morgan, TD Hopkins, TL Kramer, KJ AF OkotKotber, BM Morgan, TD Hopkins, TL Kramer, KJ TI Catecholamine-containing proteins from the pharate pupal cuticle of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cuticular proteins; cuticle; catecholamines; catechols; diphenols; amino acid sequence; sclerotization; pharate pupae; Manduca sexta; tobacco hornworm; exoskeleton; tanning; N-beta-alanyldopamine; N-beta-alanylnorepinephrine ID INSECT CUTICLE; CUTICULAR PROTEINS; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; STAGE SPECIFICITY; CROSS-LINKS; LARVAL; SCLEROTIZATION; TRANSFORMATION AB Three catecholamine-containing proteins from tanning, pharate pupal, abdominal cuticle of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, have been purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized, These proteins have apparent molecular masses of 32, 41 and 48 kDa and were shown by liquid chromatography-electrochemical analysis, after heating in 1 M acetic acid at 110 degrees C, to release N-beta-alanylnorepinephrine (NBANE), NBANE is a hydrolysis product of N-beta-alanyldopamine (NBAD) that is bonded covalently at the beta-side-chain carbon to amino acid residues of cuticular proteins, Amino acid compositional analysis revealed that MS-PCP32 (32 kDa) has a high content of alanine (25.6%), valine (13.1%), proline (10.8%) and glycine (10%), a low level of phenylalanine, and no detectable tyrosine or methionine. In contrast, MS-PCP41 (41 kDa) had a much higher content of glycine (31.2%) and substantial levels of serine (9.2%), proline (10.2%) and glutamate/glutamine (10.6%), whereas tyrosine and phenylalanine were not detected, Two of the three purified proteins showed apparent similarities to each other in N-terminal amino acid sequences, and to several other known insect cuticular proteins, Proteins MS-PCP41 and MS-PCP48 had the characteristic GGX triplet repeat, which is found in a variety of cuticular proteins and may be important for protein folding appropriate for cuticular functions, Therefore, a diversity of cuticular proteins with different amino acid sequences and properties apparently are secreted into the presumptive pupal exocuticle. These then can form adducts and possible cross-links with NBAD through its quinonoid intermediates during cuticular sclerotization. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US GRAIN MKT RES LAB, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(96)00003-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA UV340 UT WOS:A1996UV34000008 PM 8763166 ER PT J AU Garner, KJ Slavicek, JM AF Garner, KJ Slavicek, JM TI Identification and characterization of a RAPD-PCR marker for distinguishing Asian and North American gypsy moths SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; RAPD-PCR; sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) ID GENETIC-VARIATION AB The recent introduction of the Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) into North America has necessitated the development of genetic markers to distinguish Asian moths from the established North American population, which originated in Europe. We used RAPD-PCR to identify a DNA length polymorphism that is diagnostic for the two moth strains. The polymorphism maps to an autosomal locus with codominant Mendelian inheritance. DNA sequence analyses of the Asian and North American forms enabled development of locus-specific primers so that this marker, designated FS-1, will be useful for strain identification under varying conditions in different laboratories. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 5 IS 2 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.1996.tb00043.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA TZ083 UT WOS:A1996TZ08300001 PM 8673265 ER PT J AU Nimbal, CI Pedersen, JF Yerkes, CN Weston, LA Weller, SC AF Nimbal, CI Pedersen, JF Yerkes, CN Weston, LA Weller, SC TI Phytotoxicity and distribution of sorgoleone in grain sorghum germplasm SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorgoleone; bioassay; hydroponics; inhibition; phytotoxicity; photosynthetic oxygen evolution; electron transport; root exudate ID ROOT EXUDATE; POTATO CELLS; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; BICOLOR; GROWTH; STRIGA; WEEDS AB The relative phytotoxicity of sorgoleone as measured by seed germination and seedling growth of selected crop and weed species and inhibition of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in atrazine-resistant and -susceptible cell cultures of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) were investigated. Relatively little or no effect of sorgoleone was observed on radicle elongation at concentrations less than 500 mu M in Petri dish bioassays. Sorgoleone was very phytotoxic to large crabgrass (Digitatia sanguinalis), with a GR(50) of 10 mu M for shoot growth in a hydroponic culture bioassay. Inhibition of shoot and root growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and barnyardgrass (Echinocloa crus-galli) was also observed at higher concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 mu M, but ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomea hederacea) was tolerant. Sorgoleone inhibited photosynthetic oxygen evolution in both susceptible and resistant cell cultures of potato and common groundsel, and the effect was similar to that of diuron, a strong inhibitor of PS II electron transport. Chlorophyll fluorescence response to sorgoleone in both resistant and susceptible cell cultures was nearly the same. Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes varied considerably in the amount of sorgoleone produced. Root exudates generally contained 85-90% pure sorgoleone on the basis of HPLC analysis. These data indicate that sorgoleone is phytotoxic at micromolar concentrations, exhibits marked selectivity, and inhibits photosynthetic electron transport similar to diuron. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT HORT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Nimbal, CI (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. RI Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015 OI Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982 NR 25 TC 98 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1343 EP 1347 DI 10.1021/jf950561n PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UL585 UT WOS:A1996UL58500031 ER PT J AU Okwun, OE Igboeli, G Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ Johnson, L AF Okwun, OE Igboeli, G Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ Johnson, L TI Testicular composition, number of a spermatogonia, germ cell ratios, and number of spermatids in three different breeds of boars SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE breed; boar; testis composition ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; SERTOLI-CELL; SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SEMINAL QUALITY; SPERMATOGENESIS; TESTIS; TESTOSTERONE; MORPHOLOGY AB Seminal quality, including the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, varies among breeds of boars. Variation in seminal quality may be explained by breed differences in testicular size and composition. The objective of this study was to characterize testicular composition and population sizes of germ cells and somatic cells in three different breeds of boars. Testes from mature and normal Meishan (M, n = 5; age 225 days), Whitecross (WC, n = 5; age 346 days), and West African (WA, n = 5; age 322 days) boars were either fixed in Zenker-formol or perfused with glutaraldehyde, embedded in Epon, sectioned at 0.5 mu m or 20 mu m and evaluated stereologically for germ cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and other testicular structures. The paired parenchymal weight was higher (P < 0.05) in the WC (498 +/- 35 g) than in the M (247 +/- 17 g) or WA (133 +/- 10 g). The nuclear volumes per boar of Sertoli cells, type A spermatogonia, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, secondary sper matocytes, spermatids with spherical nuclei, and spermatids with elongated nuclei were higher (P < 0.05) in the WC than in the M or WA. The nuclear volumes per boar of blood vessels and Leydig cells were exceptionally higher (P < 0.05) in the M than in the WC or WA. The average germ cell nuclear diameters were similar (P > 0.05) for the M and WC but least (P < 0.05) in the WA breed. Also, the nuclear diameters of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were higher (P < 0.05) in the M than in the WC or WA. The population sizes of all the intratubular components were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with testicular size (weight). Volume density of seminiferous tubules was similar in the WA and WC, but was lowest in the M, who had the highest density of Leydig cells. However, due to the larger testes, all germ cell types and Sertoli cells were higher in the WC than in the WA or M. The M and WA had similar low numbers of type A spermatogonia, but there was less germ cell degeneration in M than in WA, such that M spermatids were intermediate in number between WA and WC. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLL VET MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV AGR,DEPT ANIM PROD,MAKURDI,NIGERIA. UNIV NIGERIA,DEPT ANIM SCI,NSUKKA,NIGERIA. ARS,USDA,REPROD RES UNIT,RLH,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 17 IS 3 BP 301 EP 309 PG 9 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UQ495 UT WOS:A1996UQ49500015 PM 8792221 ER PT J AU Mersmann, HJ AF Mersmann, HJ TI Evidence of classic beta(3)-adrenergic receptors in porcine adipocytes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; ligand binding; lipolysis; adrenergic receptors; adipocytes ID BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR; SWINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BETA-3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; LIGAND-BINDING; SUBTYPES; EXPRESSION; LIPOLYSIS; WHITE AB Adipocytes from several mammalian species have predominant beta(3)-adrenergic receptors (beta(3)-AR). Attempts to classify porcine adipocyte beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-AR) into subtypes have not been successful. Selectivity of agonists and antagonists for stimulation of lipolysis and for ligand binding is considerably more restrictive than for the classic rat and guinea pig beta-AR subtypes. The unique pattern for activity of agonists and antagonists in porcine beta-AR precludes analogy to classic receptors and consequently there is no conclusive evidence regarding porcine beta-AR subtypes. Porcine adipocyte membranes were used in ligand binding experiments designed specifically to demonstrate beta(3)-AR. Equilibrium saturation curves with dihydroalprenolol, CGP 12,177, or iodocyanopindolol indicated saturation at low concentrations with a single binding site. Equilibrium competitive ligand binding with iodocyanopindolol as radioligand and isoproterenol or propranolol as competitive ligands indicated both ligands totally inhibited radioligand binding; propranolol was more potent than isoproterenol. Nonradioactive CGP 12,177 also competed with iodocyanopindolol. Ligand binding experiments provided no evidence of a low-affinity beta-AR (binding at high concentrations of ligand), the beta(3)-AR. Positive evidences of a beta(3)-AR were that CGP 12,177, a beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist but a beta(3)-AR agonist, partially stimulated porcine adipocyte lipolysis. Furthermore, transcripts for a beta(3)-AR, as well as a beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR, have been demonstrated in RNA from porcine adipocytes in other studies. The beta-AR subtypes expressed and functional in porcine adipocytes remain unknown. The multiple ligand binding sites cannot be attributed to classic beta-AR subtypes. The porcine beta-AR may be a single unique receptor to impart atypical binding properties, or, more likely, multiple subtypes, each different enough from classic subtypes to impart the unique properties observed. RP Mersmann, HJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 74 IS 5 BP 984 EP 992 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UJ931 UT WOS:A1996UJ93100009 PM 8726730 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Cundiff, LV Koch, RM Crouse, JD AF Wheeler, TL Cundiff, LV Koch, RM Crouse, JD TI Characterization of biological types of cattle (cycle IV): Carcass traits and longissimus palatability SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; breeds; carcass; palatability; tenderness ID CROSSBRED STEERS; QUALITY; CHAROLAIS; BULLS; BREED; ANGUS; BEEF AB Carcass and longissimus thoracis palatability traits from 888 steers obtained from mating Hereford and Angus cows to Hereford or Angus (HA), Charolais (Ch), Gelbvieh (Gib), Pinzgauer (Pz), Shorthorn (Sh), Galloway (Gw), Longhorn (Lh), Nellore (Ne), Piedmontese (Pm), and Salers (Sa) sires were compared. Data were adjusted to constant age (426 d), carcass weight (324 kg), fat thickness (1.2 cm), fat trim percentage (23%), and marbling (small(00)) end points. At a constant age of 426 d, carcasses from Ch steers were heaviest (P < .05) and Gw and Lh carcasses were lightest (P <.05). Adjusted fat thickness was greatest (P <.05) on carcasses from HA and least (P <.05) on carcasses from Ch, Gb, Lh, and Pm steers. USDA numerical yield grades were lowest (P <.05) for carcasses from Pm and highest (P <.05) for carcasses from HA, Ne, and Sh steers. Marbling scores were highest (P <.05) for carcasses from HA, Pt, and Sk and lowest (P < .05) for carcasses from Ch, Ne, and Pm steers. Longissimus thoracis from Pt had a lower (P <.05) shear force than that from all other breeds except HA, Gb, and Pm. Longissimus thoracis of carcasses from Ne steers was least (P <.05) tender. Adjustment of traits to various end points resulted in some changes in sire breed differences depending on the end point and the trait being considered but had little effect on palatability traits. Carcasses from Pm-sired steers provided the most desirable combination of carcass and longissimus palatability traits. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 24 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1035 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UJ931 UT WOS:A1996UJ93100013 PM 8726734 ER PT J AU Popwell, JM Estienne, MJ Kraeling, RR Barb, CR Whitley, NC Utley, RV Rampacek, GB AF Popwell, JM Estienne, MJ Kraeling, RR Barb, CR Whitley, NC Utley, RV Rampacek, GB TI The role of excitatory amino acids in pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in gilts and barrows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; excitatory amino acid; luteinizing hormone ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; N-METHYL-D,L-ASPARTATE; RELEASE; PIG; MODULATION; ESTRADIOL; ASPARTATE; ABSENCE AB The relationship of excitatory amino acid (EAA) activity to LH secretion was investigated in ovariectomized crossbred prepuberal gilts (93 +/- 1 kg BW) and Yorkshire barrows (94 +/- 2 kg BW) in two experiments. In Exp. 1, eight gilts received, i.m., saline (S) or 20 mg of Ketamine (K)/kg BW, a noncompetitive EAA receptor antagonist. Within these groups, four then received 10 mg of N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMA)/kg BW, an EAA agonist, or S i.v. Mean serum LH concentrations were similar among groups before treatment, did not change after S+S, but decreased (P < .05) by Ih after S+NMA, 3 h after K+S, and 2 h after K+NMA. Serum cortisol concentrations did not change after S+S, but were increased (P < .05) from 30 to 90 min after S+NMA, at 120 min after K+S, and from 30 to 120 min after K+NMA. In Exp. 2, barrows received 2.5 mg of NMA/kg BW i.v. immediately after i.m. injection of S (n = 7) or 19.9 mg of K/kg BW (n = 8). Mean serum LH concentrations for the 2 h before treatment were similar among barrows, but decreased (P < .05) by 2 h after K+NMA and was not altered after S+NMA. Serum cortisol concentrations were increased at 30 min after S+NMA and from 60 to 90 min after K+NMA. We suggest that EAA both inhibit and stimulate LH secretion, with the inhibitory effects lying within the basal hypothalamus and the stimulatory effects lying within higher brain centers. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1067 EP 1073 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UJ931 UT WOS:A1996UJ93100018 PM 8726739 ER PT J AU Fernandez, DL Berardinelli, JG Short, RE Adair, R AF Fernandez, DL Berardinelli, JG Short, RE Adair, R TI Acute and chronic changes in luteinizing hormone secretion and postpartum interval to estrus in first-calf suckled beef cows exposed continuously or intermittently to mature bulls SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; postpartum interval; LH; stimulation ID LH-SECRETION; CATTLE; OVULATION; OVARIAN; EWES; PROGESTERONE; PARTURITION; RESUMPTION; PATTERNS; ANESTRUS AB The objective of this study was to determine whether patterns of LH secretion are acutely or chronically affected by the presence of mature bulls in postpartum first-calf suckled beef cows exposed to bulls either continuously or intermittently beginning on d 30 after birth. Crossbred cows were assigned randomly to be either continuously exposed to (BE; n = 20) or isolated from bulls (NE; n = 32) at calving, or exposed continuously (NEBE; n = 10) or intermittently (BEI; n = 21) to bulls beginning on d 30. The BEI cows were exposed to bulls for 2 h every 3rd d for 18 d. Ten cows from the NEBE, BEI, and NE treatments only were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters. Intensive blood sampling of NEBE and BEI cows began within 45 min after they were placed with bulls for 2 h on d 30, and for BEI cows on each d after 2 h of exposure. Samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 6 h beginning on d 30 for NEBE, BEI, and NE cows; sampling continued at 3-d intervals until d 48. Samples were assayed for LH by RIA. Cows were observed twice daily (am:pm) for estrus. More (P = .07) BE and NEBE (75%) cows showed estrus by the end of the study than BEI and NE cows (48%). Interval to estrus was longer (P < .05) in BEI and NE cows (95.6 +/- 6.1 d) than in BE and NEBE cows (75.9 +/- 6.1 d). Baseline LH and amplitude and interpeak interval of LH peaks during the first 6 h after 2 h of bull exposure did not differ (P > .10) among treatments on d 30 after birth. However, mean LH and LH pulse frequency were higher (P = .06) for NEBE and BEI cows than in NE cows. Baseline LH and amplitude and duration of LH peaks did not differ (P > .10) over the seven sampling periods among NEBE, BEI, or NE cows. Mean LH and LH pulse frequency were higher (P < .05) in NEBE and BEI cows than in NE cows on each sampling period. Exposing first-calf suckled beef cows to bulls on d 30 after birth increased mean LH concentrations by increasing pulse frequency within a short period after a 2-h exposure. Thereafter, mean LH concentrations were higher in cows that were either continuously or intermittently exposed to bulls. Although mean LH and LH pulse frequency in NEBE and BEI cows were similar, intervals to estrus after bull exposure differed between treatments. The mechanism whereby bulls alter postpartum interval to estrus seems to involve other factors that may be related to but not directly linked with LH secretion. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1098 EP 1103 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UJ931 UT WOS:A1996UJ93100022 PM 8726743 ER PT J AU Luchini, ND Broderick, GA Combs, DK AF Luchini, ND Broderick, GA Combs, DK TI Preservation of ruminal microorganisms for in vitro determination of ruminal protein degradation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE in vitro; ruminal digestion; protein degradation; preserved microorganisms ID AMMONIA AB Ruminal microorganisms, preserved either lyophilized or frozen, were compared with freshly strained ruminal fluid for proteolytic activity and as inoculum source for determination of ruminal protein degradation rates by the inhibitor in vitro method. Dialysis and glycerol addition had no effect on the proteolytic activity of preserved microorganisms. Net release of NH3 and total amino acids from protein using the fluid plus particle-associated microorganisms was higher than that found using the fluid-associated microorganisms alone. Method of inoculum preservation altered total proteolytic activity, but harvesting bacteria using centrifugal force greater than 5,000 x g did not increase proteolytic activity of the pellet. The proposed method for harvesting and preserving microorganisms consisted of centrifuging strained ruminal fluid at 5,000 x g (30 min at 4 degrees C), stirring the pellet in a 50:50 (vol/vol) solution of glycerol-McDougall's buffer for 15 min, and then storing at -20 degrees C. Protein degradation rates in incubations with preserved microorganisms were four to eight times slower than when using fresh ruminal fluid; however, feed proteins were ranked similarly for degradation rate. Preincubating the preserved microorganisms reduced blank concentrations of NH3 and total amino acid and increased protein degradative activity of the preserved inoculum. Degradation rates with preincubated, preserved inocula were similar to those obtained using fresh ruminal fluid. These results indicated that mixed ruminal microorganisms can be preserved by freezing and, after a preincubation period of 6 h, used as the inoculum source for in vitro estimation of ruminal protein degradation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1134 EP 1143 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UJ931 UT WOS:A1996UJ93100026 PM 8726747 ER PT J AU Ngoh, MA AF Ngoh, MA TI Determination of tilmicosin in bovine milk by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUES AB A method is described for determining tilmicosin in bovine milk by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (UV) detection, Samples are defatted by centrifugation. The lower skim layer is cleaned on a C-18 solid-phase extraction cartridge. The extract is concentrated and analyzed with a reversed-phase phenyl column with UV detection at 280 nm. The method was validated with control milk fortified at 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL. Average recoveries (and intralaboratory coefficients of variation) were 97% (9%), 98% (5%), and 101% (3%), respectively. The limit of quantitation is approximately 20 ng/mL, and the limit of detection is approximately 13 ng/mL. The method was tested on milk from a cow dosed with tilmicosin. RP Ngoh, MA (reprint author), USDA,CTR VET MED,OFF SCI,BLDG 328-A,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 3 BP 652 EP 655 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UN110 UT WOS:A1996UN11000008 PM 8634534 ER PT J AU Li, BW AF Li, BW TI Determination of sugars, starches, and total dietary fiber in selected high-consumption foods SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A general scheme has been developed to determine sugars, starches, and total dietary fiber (TDF) in half-gram freeze-dried subsamples of various foods (or wet samples containing about 0.5 g dry matter). Duplicate subsamples are extracted for free sugars with 80% methanol, dried, derivatized to their trimethylsilylated oximes or ethers, and quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Residues after 80% methanol extraction are incubated with a solution containing amyloglucosidase in acetate buffer, Hydrolyzates are centrifuged, and duplicate aliquots are removed for glucose determination by GLC. Starch content is calculated as glucose (g/100 g) x 0.9. Remaining hydrolyzates are diluted with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, left at room temperature for 1 h, and then filtered through glass crucibles matted with Celite filter aid, The weight of dry residues are corrected for residual crude protein and ash, and the resulting values are taken to be the TDF content of a sample. A variety of high-consumption foods selected by the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the Agricultural Research Service were analyzed for carbohydrate fractions by this method. Values for total sugar and dietary fiber were compared with those obtained by a commercial laboratory using different methods. RP Li, BW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 3 BP 718 EP 723 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UN110 UT WOS:A1996UN11000017 PM 8634541 ER PT J AU Ali, MS Phillippo, ET AF Ali, MS Phillippo, ET TI Simultaneous determination of ascorbic, dehydroascorbic, isoascorbic, and dehydroisoascorbic acids in meat-based food products by liquid chromatography with postcolumn fluorescence detection: A method extension SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining ascorbic, dehydroascorbic, isoascorbic, and dehydroisoascorbic acids in mostly single-component food products was evaluated for use in analysis of multicomponent meat-based food products such as TV dinners, Ground-beef samples were used as blanks for repeatability studies, Samples were fortified with 5, 10, 20, and 40 ppm of mixed standards of ascorbic acid and isoascorbic acid, Means of 12 recoveries at 4 levels of fortification were 102.5 and 83.5%, respectively, for ascorbic acid and isoascorbic acid, with coefficients of variation of 6.7 and 15.2%, respectively, TV dinner products (21 samples) from a local grocery store were analyzed for vitamin C content, Samples prepared with a commercial food processor and a food grinder were compared, The commercial food processor was more capable than the food grinder in producing a homogeneous sample, which is critical to the method. RP Ali, MS (reprint author), FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV, USDA, SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM, EASTERN LAB, POB 6085, ATHENS, GA 30604 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 3 BP 803 EP 808 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UN110 UT WOS:A1996UN11000031 PM 8634548 ER PT J AU Epple, G Niblick, H Lewis, S Nolte, DL Campbell, DL Mason, JR AF Epple, G Niblick, H Lewis, S Nolte, DL Campbell, DL Mason, JR TI Pine needle oil causes avoidance behaviors in pocket gopher Geomys bursarius SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pocket gophers; avoidance behavior; feeding deterrents; plant secondary metabolites; pine needle oil ID PINOSYLVIN METHYL-ETHER; SNOWSHOE HARES; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; GREEN ALDER; BIRCH; ANTIFEEDANT; DETERRENTS; REPELLENT; PHENOLICS AB Essential oils from coniferous trees contain secondary metabolites that act as feeding deterrents for a number of herbivorous mammals. We investigated effects of pine needle oil on feeding and other behaviors of herbivorous plains pocket gophers. In experiment I, pocket gophers were offered sweet potato from single feeding stations placed in home cages of individually housed animals. Stations contained either a scent dispenser with pine needle oil or mineral oil. Subjects removed significantly less food from stations scented with pine needle oil. Experiment 2 was performed to investigate neophobic responses to odors. d-Pulegone, presented under conditions identical to those used in experiment 1, did not reduce food removal compared to mineral oil. In experiment 3 pocket gophers were observed in a maze consisting of a start box connected to two goal boxes by tunnels. One goal was scented with pine needle oil, the second with mineral oil. Subjects entered goals scented with pine needle oil significantly less frequently than goals scented with mineral oil and spent less time there. They performed all recorded behaviors at lower frequencies while located in pine-scented goals. In experiment 4 animals were introduced into a maze consisting of a start box from which two soil-packed tunnels could be entered. Embedded in the soil of one tunnel was a barrier of electrical cable that had been soaked in pine needle oil, the second tunnel contained a barrier of cable soaked in mineral oil. Pocket gophers gnawed significantly less insulation from cable treated with pine needle oil than from cable treated with mineral oil. Our results show that constituents in pine needle oil are aversive to plains pocket gophers. Under natural conditions they may function as feeding deterrents. Some of the compounds may be suitable repellents for control of pocket gopher damage. C1 USDA,US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. USDA,US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Epple, G (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,3500 MARKET ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1025 DI 10.1007/BF02029951 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UU165 UT WOS:A1996UU16500011 PM 24227621 ER PT J AU Ho, MSY Barr, BC Marsh, AE Anderson, ML Rowe, JD Tarantal, AF Hendrickx, AG Sverlow, K Dubey, JP Conrad, PA AF Ho, MSY Barr, BC Marsh, AE Anderson, ML Rowe, JD Tarantal, AF Hendrickx, AG Sverlow, K Dubey, JP Conrad, PA TI Identification of bovine Neospora parasites by PCR amplification and specific small-subunit rRNA sequence probe hybridization SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CANINUM APICOMPLEXA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; INFECTIONS; DOGS; DNA; ABORTION; FETUSES; CATTLE; GOAT AB Neospora is a newly recognized genus of pathogenic coccidia, closely related to Toxoplasma gondii, that can cause abortion or congenital disease in a variety of domestic animal hosts, On the basis of the small-subunit rRNA gene sequences of Neospora spp, and other apicomplexa coccidia, oligonucleotide primers COC-1 and COC-2 were used for PCR amplification of conserved sequences of approximately 300 bp in size. A Neospora-specific chemiluminescent probe hybridized to Southern blots of amplification products from Neospora DNA but not to Southern blots with amplified DNA from the other coccidian parasites tested, A Toxoplasma-specific probe whose sequence differed from that of the probe for Neospora spp. by a single base pair was used to distinguish these parasites by specific Southern blot hybridization, The PCR system detected as few as one Neospora tachyzoite in the culture medium or five tachyzoites in samples of whole blood or amniotic fluid spiked with Neospora parasites. In addition, Neospora PCR products were successfully amplified from whole blood and amniotic fluid samples of experimentally infected bovine and rhesus macaque fetuses. These results indicate that this PCR and probe hybridization system could be a valuable adjunct to serology and immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of Neospora infections in bovine or primate fetuses. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT POPULAT HLTH & REPROD,DAVIS,CA 95616. CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169] NR 50 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1208 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA UF570 UT WOS:A1996UF57000031 PM 8727903 ER PT J AU Knaebe, MT Williams, RS Spence, JW AF Knaebe, MT Williams, RS Spence, JW TI Field study on the effect of acidic conditions on the adhesion of paint to western redcedar SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOOD; CHAMBER AB Previous research results involving sulfur accumulation on cross sections of wood coated with latex paint led us to investigate whether acidic conditions could affect the bonding strength of paint and be a factor in catastrophic paint peeling. Through simulation of acidic dew under outdoor conditions, the study reported herein determined the effect of acid rain and/or dew on painted wood siding. Painted wood was soaked before dawn in various acid solutions for two hours each day, then exposed outdoors for the remainder of the day and night during the summer near Madison, WI. From October to May, the specimens were exposed but not soaked. After four years of exposure to weather and acid, only the painted wood interface for specimens soaked in sulfurous acid at pH 2 indicated deterioration as measured by fracture toughness testing. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Knaebe, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 68 IS 856 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA UN575 UT WOS:A1996UN57500010 ER PT J AU Rimler, RB AF Rimler, RB TI Passive immune cross-protection in mice produced by rabbit antisera against different serotypes of Pasteurella multocida SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATROPHIC RHINITIS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; STRAINS; SWINE; MEMBRANE; PROTEINS; CHICKENS AB Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) and fowl cholera (FC) are specific diseases caused by certain serotypes of Pasteurella multocida. Strains that usually cause HS in cattle and water buffalo do not produce FC in avian species, and strains that cause FC do not produce HS in cattle and water buffalo. A variety of P. multocida serotypes, including unusual strains which can cause HS in wild ruminants, were evaluated in passive immune protection studies to determine the immunological relationship between strains associated with HS and FC. Various degrees of cross-protection were seen among the strains. Antiserum against a serotype B:3,4 strain protected against strains capable of causing HS (serotypes B:1, B:2, B:3,4, B:4 and E:2) and FC (serotypes A:1, A:3 and A:5). Antiserum against an FC strain (serotype A:5) similarly protected against strains capable of causing HS and FC. Antigenic analyses indicated that cross-protection was not necessarily induced by serotype-specific capsular (beta) or somatic (gamma) antigens or major porin protein. SDS-PAGE and immunoblots of whole cell lysates of the different HS and FC strains showed many protein-staining bands with similar mobilities and antigenic activity. These cross-reactive antigenic bands occurred in the 20- to 120-kDa range. Adsorption of antiserum with a heterologous serotype removed its reactivity with most of these bands, as well as its ability to cross-protect. (C) 1996 W.B. Saunders Company Limited RP Rimler, RB (reprint author), ARS,AVIAN & SWINE RESP DIS RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 114 IS 4 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1016/S0021-9975(96)80011-9 PG 14 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA UP438 UT WOS:A1996UP43800001 PM 8814530 ER PT J AU Giebultowicz, JM Blackburn, MB ThomasLaemont, PA Weyda, F Raina, AK AF Giebultowicz, JM Blackburn, MB ThomasLaemont, PA Weyda, F Raina, AK TI Daily rhythm in myogenic contractions of vas deferens associated with sperm release cycle in a moth SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circadian rhythms; visceral muscles; Lymantria dispar; photoperiod; gypsy moth ID LIGHT AB In the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, release of sperm bundles from the testis into the upper vas deferens (UVD) and subsequent transfer of sperm bundles into the seminal vesicles (SV) occurs in a daily rhythm. The UVD undergoes different types of contractions despite the fact that its musculature appears to receive no innervation. Patterns of the UVD movements were recorded throughout the daily sperm release and transfer cycle. In males kept in light-dark cycles, transfer of sperm from the UVD to the SV was accompanied by a characteristic pattern of UVD contractions of high frequency and amplitude. In males kept in constant light, which fail to transfer sperm, this contraction pattern was absent. It is concluded that the vas deferens muscles undergo daily changes in contraction pattern in phase with the light-dark cycle. The increased muscular contractions appear to be a causal factor in the gated sperm transfer from the UVD to the SV. C1 USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,CR-37005 CESKE BUDEJOVICE,CZECH REPUBLIC. RP Giebultowicz, JM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,CORDLEY 2046,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A-Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 178 IS 5 BP 629 EP 636 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA UD643 UT WOS:A1996UD64300003 ER PT J AU Guidry, AJ OBrien, CN AF Guidry, AJ OBrien, CN TI A method for measuring specific antibodies in bovine lacteal secretions during the nonlactating period SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dry period; isotype; antibody; lacteal secretions ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MAMMARY INVOLUTION; DRY PERIOD; GLAND; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; INFECTIONS; MASTITIS; MILK AB A large portion of new IMI in dairy cattle occurs during the nonlactating period. Because antibiotic infusions at the beginning of the nonlactating period are only partially effective, attempts have been made to stimulate the production of protective antibodies in lacteal secretions during this period. However, measurement of antibodies in mammary secretions during the nonlactating period has been hampered by the complex, viscous nature of these secretions. This report describes the use of caprylic acid to clarify secretions from the bovine mammary gland during the nonlactating period to provide a more accurate measurement of specific antibody. Six healthy Jersey cows were injected in the area of the supramammary lymph node with an encapsulated strain of Staphylococcus aureus in dextran sulfate at the beginning of the nonlactating period and 15 and 30 d later. Seven healthy unimmunized Jersey cows served as controls. Lacteal secretions taken at the beginning of the nonlactating period; at 15, 30, and 45 d into the nonlactating period; and at calving were treated with caprylic acid prior to assay for specific antibodies using ELISA. Purified S. aureus capsule was used as the antigen in the ELISA. Caprylic acid lowered nonspecific binding of IgG(1) and IgM in secretions during the dry period from unimmunized control cows and lowered IgM from immunized cows. The most pronounced effect of caprylic acid was an increase in IgG(2) binding in secretions from immunized cows. Treatment with caprylic acid more accurately measured specific activity of Ig in mammary secretions during the nonlactating period. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Guidry, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 IS 5 BP 846 EP 850 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA UR413 UT WOS:A1996UR41300016 PM 8792284 ER PT J AU Powell, RL Norman, HD Cowan, CM AF Powell, RL Norman, HD Cowan, CM TI Relationship of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency with genetic merit for performance traits SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency; DNA testing; linkage; pleiotropy ID CATTLE AB Examination of the existence of pleiotropy or linkage of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency with other traits and of the impact of removal of the recessive, undesirable allele on genetic progress for those traits has been limited. Frequency of carriers among 6400 Holstein bulls tested was 8.2%; however, reporting was incomplete, and, therefore, the estimate of carrier frequency was biased downward. For AI-sampled bulls, carrier frequency reached a high of 23% fbr bulls sampled during 1989 but declined to 0% since then because of DNA testing and culling. Association of the allele with yield, productive life, and somatic cell score was examined with a model in which the daughter yield deviation minus the mean of parent evaluations was explained by carrier status. A significant negative relationship was found with protein yield when effect of sires was ignored; all associations were unfavorable. Linkage was examined by applying the model for each of four sire families; only protein yield for one sire was significantly and negatively related to the recessive allele. Carrier bulls currently are labeled, and some continue to be used actively in AI because of superiority for other traits. Consequential pleiotropy of the allele or linkage of the locus with the traits studied is unlikely. Genetic progress for these performance traits will not be impeded by failure to sample carrier bulls. C1 GENET VIS INC,MADISON,WI 53711. RP Powell, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 79 IS 5 BP 895 EP 899 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA UR413 UT WOS:A1996UR41300021 PM 8792288 ER PT J AU English, DBK Bowker, JM AF English, DBK Bowker, JM TI Sensitivity of whitewater rafting consumers surplus to pecuniary travel cost specifications SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE travel cost; river recreation; consumer surplus; zonal model; price definition ID RECREATION DEMAND MODELS; FUNCTIONAL FORM; WELFARE MEASURES; TIME AB Considerable research has examined how different ways of accounting for onsite and travel time affect surplus estimates from travel cost models. However, little has been done regarding different definitions of out-of-pocket costs. Estimates of per trip consumer surplus are developed for a zonal travel cost model for outfitted rafting on the Chattooga River. Nine price definitions are used for each of three functional forms. Three price definitions are based on mileage rates times round-trip distance, plus outfitter fees. The remaining six definitions are based on reported spending, using three different sets of expenditures and two methods of imputing prices for zero-visit zones. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited RP English, DBK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, SO RES STN, 320 GREEN ST, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 47 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1006/jema.1996.0037 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UR168 UT WOS:A1996UR16800007 ER PT J AU Corwin, DL Wagenet, RJ AF Corwin, DL Wagenet, RJ TI Applications of GIS to the modeling of nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone: A conference overview SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM; PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION; AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION; DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS; WATER-POLLUTION; GROUNDWATER; FLOW; SIMULATION; HYDROLOGY; RANKING AB Because of their ubiquitous nature and potential chronic health effects, nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants have become a focal point of attention by the general public, particularly regarding pollution of surface and subsurface drinking water sources. The NPS pollutants pose a technical problem because of the areal extent of their contamination that increases the complexity and sheer volume of data far beyond that of point-source pollutants. The spatial nature of the NPS pollution problem necessitates the use of a geographic information system (GIS) to manipulate, retrieve, and display the large volumes of spatial data. This overview provides a brief introduction and review of the modeling of NPS pollutants with GIS and a brief discussion of some of the papers presented at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA 1995 Bouyoucos Conference entitled Applications of GIS to the Modeling of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Corwin, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 80 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UM247 UT WOS:A1996UM24700012 ER PT J AU Rogowski, AS AF Rogowski, AS TI GIS modeling of recharge on a watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The study describes a model developed to delineate primary recharge contributing areas on a large watershed based on the field-measured parameters. The procedure uses measured values of soil water content, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and depth to water at 31 locations, to generate kriged overlays of input in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework. The number of locations was a compromise between sampling efficiency and requirements of the geostatistical analysis. Mathematical operations on the overlays are carried out on a pixel-by-pixel basis to predict distributions of water flux from below the root zone, travel time to the groundwater, and recharge Bur pulse at the water table. Comparison with field data suggests that flow may occur through only a portion of total pore space. Field application Is illustrated on a 123 km(2) catchment in Pennsylvania. RP Rogowski, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 463 EP 474 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UM247 UT WOS:A1996UM24700020 ER PT J AU Pantone, DJ Potter, KN Torbert, HA Morrison, JE AF Pantone, DJ Potter, KN Torbert, HA Morrison, JE TI Atrazine loss in runoff from no-tillage and chisel-tillage systems on a Houston black clay soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CORN; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; ALACHLOR; SIMAZINE; SURFACE AB Herbicide concentration and mass load of runoff depends, to a large extent, on soil management. This study was conducted to determine how tillage impacts herbicide losses in runoff from a vertisol soil on the Blackland Prairie of Texas. Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine was applied at a rate of 2 kg a.i. ha(-1) to a Houston Black clay soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellustert) in 1993 at the Blackland Research Center in Temple, TX. For 4 yr, the test area was under continuous management using a wide-hed system with a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)) Moench] rotation. Tillage treatments consisted of no-tillage or chisel-tillage. All experiments were repeated four times. A rainfall simulator with an intensity of 12.5 cm h(-1) was used to apply rainfall 24 h after the atrazine application. Sediment and runoff samples were collected during five time periods (from runoff initiation to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30, and 30 to 40 min). No differences in atrazine concentrations vc ere found among treatments in either the runoff water or sediment from any of the five time periods; however, crop residues prevented surface seal development and erosion resulting in reduced runoff and sediment losses. No-tillage treatments significantly reduced runoff and sediment yield, rather than the atrazine concentration of the runoff, resulting in a 42% decrease of the atrazine load in the runoff and a 77% decrease in atrazine associated with the sediment. As a percentage of the total amount applied, runoff accounted for <2% of the atrazine. Sediment-transported atrazine was much less important and represented <0.03% of the total amount applied. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP Pantone, DJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,BLACKLAND RES CTR,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 572 EP 577 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UM247 UT WOS:A1996UM24700032 ER PT J AU Brooks, L Cordes, T Knowles, D Stiller, D AF Brooks, L Cordes, T Knowles, D Stiller, D TI Piroplasmosis of horses: What is known concerning transmission and disease risk? SO JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this article is to address what is currently known about the risk and susceptibility of U.S. horses to the disease known as piroplasmosis. Two distinct parasites, Babesia caballi and Babesia equi, cause this noncontagious disease. Distinct differences between these pars sites include response to treatment, tick-vectors capable of transmission, and their life cycle within ticks. The treatment of acute and persistent (chronic) phases of Babesia caballi infections has a good degree of efficacy however, therapy to clear the horse of the persistent (chronic) phase of Babesia equi infections has yet to be found. Four important aspects are expanded upon in this article; they are as follows: The current official test for equine piroplasmosis detects antibodies against babesiae. Since babesiae causes a persistent infection, the infected horse always has some level of a parasite in its blood. This is important for two reasons. First, antibodies help maintain the parasite Lit low levels such that the horst appears normal. Second, the presence of antibodies in the blood indicates infection, since the antibody would likely decline below detectable levels in the absence of the parasite to stimulate its production. Ticks are biological vectors of babesiae. A biological vector is one in which the parasite grows and reproduces, Once a tick attaches to an infected horse, the process of feeding and transmission takes lime. The amount of time is dependent upon the tick species and the babesiae organism involved, Tick control is an important aspect of transmission. No lick-no transmission. Transmission of babesiae does not ensure that the newly infected horse will exhibit signs of the disease. Complex factors contributing to the development of the disease include (i) the infecting dose or number of parasites injected into the horse, (ii) genetics of the infecting parasites, and (iii) genetics of the individual horse host. Thus there is a big difference between infection and disease and is part of the reason infected horses may go unnoticed. Risk mitigation procedures or management safeguards in place at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games, based on our knowledge of the transmission of equine piroplasmosis. will help ensure the safety of uninfected horses. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Brooks, L (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,GEORGIA DEPT AGR,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAM E JONES DVM PI LAKE ELSINORE PA 20225 GRAND AVE, LAKE ELSINORE, CA 92330 SN 0737-0806 J9 J EQUINE VET SCI JI J. Equine Vet. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 16 IS 5 BP 184 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0737-0806(96)80110-9 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UQ602 UT WOS:A1996UQ60200002 ER PT J AU Kingan, TG Shabanowitz, J Hunt, DF Witten, JL AF Kingan, TG Shabanowitz, J Hunt, DF Witten, JL TI Characterization of two myotropic neuropeptides in the FMRFamide family from segmental ganglia of the moth Manduca sexta: Candidate neurohormones and neuromodulators SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect; central nervous system; ileum; moth; Manduca sexta; FLRFamide; neuropeptide ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SCHISTOFLRF-AMIDE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PEPTIDES; BRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; HORMONE; NEURONS; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; EXPRESSION AB We have characterized two new members of the FMRFamide family of neuropeptides from the segmental ganglia of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Levels of peptides in ganglia used for purification were enhanced by manipulating their exposure to the steroid molting hormones. Explants of ganglia were cultured in the low-level ecdysteroid environment of diapausing pupae shown previously to evoke accumulation of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity (FLI). Sufficient material for sequencing was obtained from 180 explanted ganglia. Extracts of ganglia were fractionated using two reverse-phase liquid chromatography procedures, and the immunoreactive fractions were subjected to sequence analysis using electrospray mass spectrometry. The sequences of the two peptides were determined to be GNSFLRFamide and DPSFLRFamide. These peptides have been named MasFLRFamide II and MasFLRFamide III, respectively; the previously characterized M. sexta FLRFamide (pEDVVHSFLRFamide) has been renamed MasFLRFamide I. The three peptides show distinctive tissue and developmental distributions as determined from fractionated extracts of larval and adult central nervous system structures and neurohemal organs. In the retrocerebral corpora cardiaca/corpora allata, MasFLRFamide I was the predominant form, while in the segmental ganglia MasFLRFamides II and III predominated. Higher levels of MasFLRFamide I and II were found in the adult, whereas there was little apparent change in the level of MasFLRFamide III upon metamorphosis. Determinations of peptide levels in fractionated hemolymph of newly emerged moths revealed that levels of MasFLRFamide I and III could exceed 10 nmol l(-1). The actions of the three peptides were tested on the moth ileum, MasFLRFamides II and III were found to be stimulatory. At 1 nmol l(-1), these peptides induced robust increases in the rate of rhythmic longitudinal and peristaltic waves of contractions. In contrast, MasFLRFamide I was ineffective even at 20 nmol l(-1). Thus, while all three peptides have the characteristics of neurohormones in M. sexta, the physiological findings show that the heptapeptide FLRFamides have properties distinct from those of the decapeptide. C1 UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY,DEPT BIOL SCI,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CHEM,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BIOL SCI,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. RP Kingan, TG (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BARC-E BLDG 306,ROOM 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Hunt, Donald/I-6936-2012 OI Hunt, Donald/0000-0003-2815-6368 NR 44 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 199 IS 5 BP 1095 EP 1104 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UL122 UT WOS:A1996UL12200008 ER PT J AU Collins, CI Wesley, IV Murano, EA AF Collins, CI Wesley, IV Murano, EA TI Detection of Arcobacter spp in ground pork by modified plating methods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Arcobacter; ground pork; aerotolerant campylobacters ID SP-NOV; CAMPYLOBACTER; BUTZLERI; ORGANISMS; PROPOSAL; FETUSES AB A modified cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) medium was developed for the recovery of Arcobacter spp. from meats. Modified CW was compared to brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and cephalothin, vancomycin, and amphotericin B (CVA) as well as brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and no antibiotics. The three media were used to recover Arcobacter spp. in a survey of pork-processing plants. Examination of ground pork (149 samples) from one Iowa slaughter facility (Plant #1) revealed that 89 percent of the samples were positive for Arcobacter spp. In a second survey conducted 9 months later involving that same plant and four others, only 5% of the samples from the four plants were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp. Again, 90% of the samples were positive from Plant #1. It was not determined whether the sanitary practices during slaughter or the rearing of pigs on the source farms contributed to the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in one plant versus another. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. NR 30 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 59 IS 5 BP 448 EP 452 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA UM302 UT WOS:A1996UM30200001 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Schultz, FJ Benedict, RC Buchanan, RL Cooke, PH AF Fratamico, PM Schultz, FJ Benedict, RC Buchanan, RL Cooke, PH TI Factors influencing attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to beef tissues and removal using selected sanitizing rinses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE beef tissues; E-coli; attachment; TSP; HAc ID MEDIATES SPECIFIC BINDING; MEMBRANE PROTEIN YADA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ENTEROPATHOGENIC YERSINIAE; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; MEAT; FIBRONECTIN; SURFACES; COLLAGEN; DECONTAMINATION AB Attachment of E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli K12 to beef tenderloin filet, chuck, and adipose tissues was studied. Most attachment occurred within I min of incubation; the number of attached organisms depended on the concentration of bacteria in the liquid inoculum. Similar levels of E. coli bound to the three types of beef tissues tested. E. coli O157:H7 was heavily piliated; however, there was no significant difference between levels of bound E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli K12, indicating that these surface structures apparently are not involved in attachment. Scanning electron photomicrographs of meat tissue and of purified collagen suggested that bacteria attached primarily to collagen fibers. Rinsing solutions consisting of 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 2% acetic acid (HAc), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and combinations of each were tested for effectiveness in reducing the number of attached E. coli. The level of bacteria removed from tenderloin tissue following TSP, HAc, or PBS rinses did not differ considerably. When beef tissues were stored at 4 degrees C for 18 h after the various rinse combinations, TSP rinse treatments reduced the levels of E. coli K12 and O157:H7 attached to adipose tissue up to 3.4 and 2.7 log units, respectively, compared to PBS rinse treatments. Therefore, TSP may be effective for reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 on beef carcass tissue. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 33 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 59 IS 5 BP 453 EP 459 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA UM302 UT WOS:A1996UM30200002 ER PT J AU Palumbo, SA Williams, AC Buchanan, RL Call, JC Phillips, JG AF Palumbo, SA Williams, AC Buchanan, RL Call, JC Phillips, JG TI Expanded model for the aerobic growth of Aeromonas hydrophila SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; FOOD AB The previously published (Palumbo et al. 1991) response surface model for describing the influence of temperature, pH, NaCl, and sodium nitrite on the aerobic growth of Aeromonas hydrophila K144 in BHI broth has been expanded to incorporate additional data. The effects of the variables on A. hydrophila aerobic growth kinetics were modeled by response surface analysis using quadratic and cubic polynomial models of (I) natural logarithm transformation of both the Gompertz B and M parameters and the lag phase duration (LPD) and generation time (GT), and (2) the square root transformation of B and 1/M calculated from 268 cultures (212 of which supported growth) from 81 variable combinations. In addition, the six models generated also were subjected to backward elimination regression analysis to remove nonsignificant variables. Based on examination of the adjusted R(2) values of the resulting 12 models, three were selected for further evaluation by comparing their observed and predicted T-1000-values (time for a 1000-fold increase in number; this concept incorporates the influence of the variables on both lag and generation times), LPDs and GTs. Using this method of comparison and evaluation, models based on cubic polynomial, natural logarithm transformation of GT and LPD gave the best ''first estimates'' of the aerobic growth characteristics of A. hydrophila. RP Palumbo, SA (reprint author), ARS,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1996.tb00149.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA UU514 UT WOS:A1996UU51400001 ER PT J AU Hasegawa, S Fong, CH Miyake, M Keithly, JH AF Hasegawa, S Fong, CH Miyake, M Keithly, JH TI Limonoid glucosides in orange molasses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE limonoid glucosides; citrus; oranges; molasses ID BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS; CITRUS LIMONOIDS; INHIBITION; MICE AB The concentrations of limonoid glucosides in orange molasses, a byproduct of citrus juice processing, were measured. Thr 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside derivatives (glucosides) of limonin, nomilin, nomilinic acid and obacunone were present and quantified. Orange molasses contained an average of 568 ppm of total limunoid glucosides at 11.8 degrees Brix. Orange molasses (3.8L) contained up to 12.5g of total limonoid glucosides. The: molasses could br used as a source fur commercial isolation of citrus limonoid glucosides. C1 WAKAYAMA AGRIBIO RES INST,WAKAYAMA 64961,JAPAN. TROPICANA PROD INC,BRADENTON,FL 34208. RP Hasegawa, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 61 IS 3 BP 560 EP 561 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb13157.x PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA UQ367 UT WOS:A1996UQ36700021 ER PT J AU Hagenmaier, RD Baker, RA AF Hagenmaier, RD Baker, RA TI Edible coatings from candelilla wax microemulsions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE candelilla; microemulsion; coating; edible; citrus AB Candelilla wax coatings with good gloss were made. The gloss of coatings from ammonia-based microemulsions was improved by addition of gelatin or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, which also decreased oxygen permeability and decreased water vapor permeability. As coatings on grapefruit, candelilla wax up to 25% gelatin was usable; much higher gelatin content resulted in amaerobic fermentation. Candelilla coatings with good gloss were also made from morpholine-based wax microemulsions with minimal oleic acid content. RP Hagenmaier, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 61 IS 3 BP 562 EP 565 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb13158.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA UQ367 UT WOS:A1996UQ36700022 ER PT J AU Beeman, RW Stuart, JJ Haas, MS Friesen, KS AF Beeman, RW Stuart, JJ Haas, MS Friesen, KS TI Chromosome extraction and revision of linkage group 2 in Tribolium castaneum SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; GENE; COMPLEX; RESISTANCE; MAP AB We used a balancer chromosome to recover ethylmethanesulfonate-induced recessive mutations in a targeted region of the genome of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) by the technique of chromosome extraction, The experiments reported herein constitute the first successful application of this powerful technique in the order Coleoptera, Using the balancer chromosome maxillopedia-Dachs3 (mxp(Dch-3)), we recovered seven recessive visible variants representing seven distinct loci and several dozen recessive lethal variants representing at least five distinct loci after screening 1,607 EMS-mutagenized chromosomes, A subset of the mxp(Dch-3)-extracted mutations were positioned on the map of the second linkage group by a series of two-, three-, and four-point crosses, The orientation of the homeotic gene complex (HOM-C) on this linkage group was also determined, With the advent of better and more varied balancer chromosomes and the concomitant improvement of chromosome extraction procedures far genetic analysis of T, castaneum, saturation mutagenesis of targeted regions of the genome is now feasible in this species. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. OI Friesen, Kenlee/0000-0003-1211-3953 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29594] NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 87 IS 3 BP 224 EP 232 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA UT357 UT WOS:A1996UT35700008 PM 8683098 ER PT J AU Griesbach, RJ AF Griesbach, RJ TI The inheritance of flower color in Petunia hybrida Vilm SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Letter ID ANTHOCYANINS; PH; METHYLATION RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,US NATL ARBORETUM,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 87 IS 3 BP 241 EP 245 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA UT357 UT WOS:A1996UT35700012 ER PT J AU Ray, DT McCreight, JD AF Ray, DT McCreight, JD TI Yellow-tip: A cytoplasmically inherited trait in melon (Cucumis melo L) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Letter ID MUSKMELON; GENETICS C1 USDA,SALINAS,CA. RP Ray, DT (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 87 IS 3 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA UT357 UT WOS:A1996UT35700013 ER PT J AU Obenland, DM Fouse, DC Aung, LH Houck, LG AF Obenland, DM Fouse, DC Aung, LH Houck, LG TI Release of d-limonene from non-injured and injured lemons treated with hot water and low temperature SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DECAY; OILS AB Volatile emanation from whole lemon fruits was determined following hot-water or cold treatments to examine the relationship between liberation of essential oils from the oil glands and the deleterious effects of these treatments. Headspace analysis indicated that beta-pinene, d-limonene and gamma-terpinene were the most abundant volatiles, comprising 8, 42 and 21%, respectively, of the total amount. Due to its abundance, d-limonene was selected as the essential oil component to be quantified following treatment. Hot-water treatments for 10 min at 48 degrees C and below were non-injurious to both yellow and green fruit, with injury in the form of lesions on the rind beginning to occur at 50 degrees C (yellow) and 52 degrees C (green), and increasing in severity up to 58 degrees C, the highest temperature tested. D-limonene emanation increased correspondingly with increasing injury. Green lemons were injured more severely than yellow and tended to release more d-limonene, especially at higher temperatures. Curing at 15 and 20 degrees C for 6 d reduced injury to green lemons treated with hot water at 54 degrees C, but was ineffective at 58 degrees C. No significant differences were present in d-limonene emanation between cured and non-cured fruit at 54 or 58 degrees C. Storage of fruit for 18 d at 7 degrees C following hot water treatment at 58 degrees C doubled the amount of d-limonene detected during measurement, indicating the increased release of d-limonene as rind damage developed. Cold treatment at 1 degrees C for 4-5 weeks, followed by one week at 20 degrees C, caused the development of chilling injury lesions on the rind. In comparison to lemons stored for the same durations at a non-injurious temperature of 7 degrees C, chilling-damaged fruit released d-limonene in far greater amounts. Overall, injury due to hot-water or cold treatments was associated with increased d-limonene release. RP Obenland, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI JI J. Horticult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 71 IS 3 BP 389 EP 394 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UL187 UT WOS:A1996UL18700006 ER PT J AU Smith, RE Goodrich, DC AF Smith, RE Goodrich, DC TI Investigating prediction capability of HEC-1 and KINEROS kinematic wave runoff models - Comment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,USDA,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP Smith, RE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 391 EP 393 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(95)02914-1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA UN807 UT WOS:A1996UN80700019 ER PT J AU Duru, JO Hjelmfelt, AT AF Duru, JO Hjelmfelt, AT TI Investigating prediction capability of HEC-1 and KINEROS kinematic wave runoff models - Reply SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Duru, JO (reprint author), FED UNIV TECHNOL OWERRI,SCH ENGN & ENGN TECHNOL,OWERRI,NIGERIA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 395 EP 397 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA UN807 UT WOS:A1996UN80700020 ER PT J AU Lu, P Urban, JF diZhou, X Chen, SJ Madden, K Moorman, M Nguyen, H Morris, SC Finkelman, FD Gause, WC AF Lu, P Urban, JF diZhou, X Chen, SJ Madden, K Moorman, M Nguyen, H Morris, SC Finkelman, FD Gause, WC TI CD40-mediated stimulation contributes to lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production, eosinophilia, and mastocytosis during: An in vivo type 2 response, but is not required for T cell IL-4 production SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT HUMORAL IMMUNITY; X-LINKED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HYPER-IGM SYNDROME; HUMAN B-CELLS; CD40 LIGAND; CD40-GP39 INTERACTIONS; GROWTH-FACTOR; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN; INVIVO AB CD40/CD40 ligand interactions are required for the development of T cell-dependent Ab responses in vivo, The role of these cell surface molecules in contributing to T cell cytokine production and the development of effector populations other than B cells and T cells is, however, less well defined. We have examined the in vivo effects of blocking CD40/CD40 ligand interactions on the type 2 mucosal immune response that follows oral inoculation of mice with the nematode parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Administration of anti-gp39 (CD40L) mAb (MR1) blocked H. polygyrus-induced elevations in serum IgG1 levels and inhibited elevations in blood eosinophils and mucosal mast cells at day 14 after inoculation, Anti-gp39 mAb markedly inhibited B cell blastogenesis 8 days after H. polygyrus inoculation but did not inhibit elevations in B cell class II MHC expression, Maximal elevations in B7-2 expression required signaling through both CD40 and the IL-4R, Elevations in T cell cytokine gene expression and elevations in the number of IL-4-secreting cells were unaffected by treatment with anti-gp39 mAb, although IL-4 production was inhibited by anti-IL-4R mAb, These results suggest that CD40/CD40L interactions are not required to activate T cells to produce cytokines but are required for the activation and proliferation of other effector cells associated with the type 2 response. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BIOMED INSTRUMENTAT CTR,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA ARS,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI37180, AI31678] NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 156 IS 9 BP 3327 EP 3333 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA UF742 UT WOS:A1996UF74200031 PM 8617957 ER PT J AU Lestan, D Lestan, M Chapelle, JA Lamar, RT AF Lestan, D Lestan, M Chapelle, JA Lamar, RT TI Biological potential of fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of contaminated soils SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fungal inoculum; bioaugmentation; biological potential; pentachlorophenol ID LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGI; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; DEGRADATION; PEROXIDASE; BIOMASS; ERGOSTEROL; METABOLISM; DEPLETION AB The suitability of the fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity (FDA) assay for determining the biological potential (ie fungal biomass produced per unit of substrate) of solid pelleted fungal inoculum intended for use in the bioaugmentation of contaminated soils with white-rot fungi, was evaluated, FDA activity of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on pelleted substrates and on agar was found to be proportional to quantities of fungal ergesterol and fungal dry matter, respectively. Inoculum biological potential was found to be greatly influenced by substrate formulation and structure, and temperature. Biological potential and the type of carrier influenced the ability of P. chrysosporium to tolerate pentachlorophenol (PCP), Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor introduced into PCP-contaminated soil on pellets with higher biological potential and higher nitrogen content (C:N ratio of 50:1), did not remove PCP more efficiently than when the fungi were introduced on pellets with a lower biological potential (C:N ratio of 309:1), However, under the latter conditions most of the PCP was transformed to pentachloroanisole (PCA), In soil inoculated with T. versicolor on pellets with high biological potential, higher manganese peroxidase activity was detected compared to soil inoculated with pellets with a lower biological potential. RP USDA, FOREST PROD LAB, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 16 IS 5 BP 286 EP 294 DI 10.1007/BF01570036 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UX682 UT WOS:A1996UX68200005 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Labeda, DP Becker, LA AF Jackson, MA Labeda, DP Becker, LA TI Isolation for bacteria and fungi for the hydrolysis of phthalate and terephthalate esters SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phthalate esters; biodegradation; Rhodococcus; Aureobacterium; Flavobacterium; Fusarium ID TRANSFORMATION; WATER AB Bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from enrichment cultures using diethylphthalate, diethylterephthalate, or ethylene glycol dibenzoate as sole carbon sources, Aureobacterium, Flavobacterium, and Micrococcus species were isolated from diethylphthalate enrichments; Rhodococcus and Xanthomonas species were isolated from diethylterephthalate enrichments; Rhodococcus and Fusarium species were isolated from ethylene glycol dibenzoate enrichments. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 16 IS 5 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1007/BF01570038 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UX682 UT WOS:A1996UX68200007 ER PT J AU Wappner, P Hopkins, TL Kramer, KJ Cladera, JL Manso, F QuesadaAllue, LA AF Wappner, P Hopkins, TL Kramer, KJ Cladera, JL Manso, F QuesadaAllue, LA TI Role of catecholamines and beta-alanine in puparial color of wild-type and melanic mutants of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sclerotization; melanization; cuticle; beta-alanine; dopamine; catecholamines ID BLATTELLA-GERMANICA L; INSECT CUTICLE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; CUTICULAR STRENGTH; MANDUCA-SEXTA; SCLEROTIZATION; MELANIZATION; METABOLISM; STRAINS AB Ceratitis capitata prepupae were microinjected with beta-alanine (BALA) and/or dopamine at the onset of pupariation to manipulate the phenotypes of wild-type and mutant strains, A mutant strain, Black pupa (B), reverted to the wild-type phenotype when injected with BALA, whereas black puparial cuticle was partially maintained when dopamine was co-injected with BALA, Phenocopies of the B mutant strain were obtained with injections of dopamine into wild-type prepupae, but partial or total inhibition of melanization occurred when BALA was co-injected, The puparial phenotype of another melanic mutant, niger (nig), remained unchanged when injected with BALA, Analysis of BALA content showed that the wild-type strain had twice the levels found in B and about half of those in the nig mutant, Reversed phase HPLC analysis of catecholamines in whole-body extracts showed that high levels of N-beta-alanyldopamine (NBAD) and low levels of dopamine correlated with the 'brown phenotype', whether in the wild-type or the rescued B mutant, Conversely, B mutants contained high concentrations of dopamine, but only minor amounts of NBAD, The results suggest that B is probably defective in BALA synthesis, because BALA injections resulted in restoring NBAD and dopamine to normal levels similar to those of the wild-type and produced reddish-brown puparial cuticle, However, the nig mutant had high levels of endogenous BALA and dopamine, but low NBAD, and, therefore, apparently cannot synthesize NBAD, N-Acetyldopamine (NADA) concentrations were relatively high in both of the melanic mutants compared to the wild-type; therefore, NADA, rather than NBAD, may serve as the principal precusor for sclerotizing agents of black puparial cuticle. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 FDN CAMPOMAR,INST INVEST BIOQUIM,RA-1405 BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. INTA,INST GENET,RA-1712 CASTELAR,ARGENTINA. OI Wappner, Pablo/0000-0003-1517-0742 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 5 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(95)00131-X PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA UT455 UT WOS:A1996UT45500005 ER PT J AU Hunt, GJ Tabachnick, WJ AF Hunt, GJ Tabachnick, WJ TI Handling small arbovirus vectors safely during biosafety level 3 containment: Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and exotic bluetongue viruses SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides variipennis sonorensis; exotic bluetongue viruses; biocontainment; equipment; procedures AB Equipment and procedures are described for biosafety level 3 (BL-3) containment work with small, zoophilic arthropods. BL-3 classified pathogens always must be manipulated in biological safety cabinets. Procedures, including physical barriers and handling methods, that prevent the escape of potentially virus-infected insects are discussed, and the use of a monitoring system for insect security is explained. The inability to recover escaped minute, flying insects poses a major difference from similar work with larger insects, such as mosquitoes. Methods were developed for the safe and secure handling of Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones infected with exotic bluetongue viruses during BL-3 containment. RP Hunt, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA UH447 UT WOS:A1996UH44700001 PM 8667371 ER PT J AU Nicholls, TH Callister, SM AF Nicholls, TH Callister, SM TI Lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds in midwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; Haemaphysalis leporispalustris; Ixodes dammini; Ixodes scapularis; migratory birds; Lyme disease ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; CROIX RIVER VALLEY; NEW-YORK-STATE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODIDAE; RESERVOIRS AB In a tick-spirochete survey conducted from fall 1989 through fall 1992 in northwestern Wisconsin, 4,256 birds (composed of 91 species) were examined for ticks. Infestations were recorded for 400 birds (composed of 30 species). Of 1,184 ticks taken from 335 birds (composed of 26 species), GO (5%) Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) fi om 8 species of birds were infected with the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner. Similar surveys conducted in 1990 and 1991 ill Minnesota and Michigan yielded 223 H. leporispalustris from 61 birds (composed of 23 species), all free of spirochetes. However, 1 B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes scapularis (Say) was found on 1 bird species in Minnesota. Most ticks were collected in fall from ground-foraging birds such as thrushes and sparrows. These results confirm that tick-infested birds are important in disseminating Lyme disease spirochetes and may also play a role as soul ces for infecting ticks. C1 GUNDERSON MED FDN,MICROBIOL RES LAB,LA CROSSE,WI 54601. RP Nicholls, TH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA UH447 UT WOS:A1996UH44700014 PM 8667384 ER PT J AU Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE Oehler, DD Harmel, DE AF Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE Oehler, DD Harmel, DE TI Systemic treatment of white-tailed deer with ivermectin-medicated bait to control free-living populations of lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; ivermectin; systemic acaricide; tick control; ticks; white-tailed deer ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; REDUCED ABUNDANCE; LYME-DISEASE; SCAPULARIS ACARI; EXCLUSION; CATTLE; RISK AB Whole-kernel corn was treated with 10 mg ivermectin per 0.45 kg corn and fed at a rate of approximate to 0.45 kg/deer per day to white-tailed deer confined in the treatment pasture, whereas deer in an adjacent control pasture received a similar ration of untreated corn. Treatments were dispensed from February through September of 1992, and 1993, and free-living populations of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), were monitored in both pastures using dry-ice traps to quantify nymphs and adults and flip-cloths to assay the relative abundance of larval masses Control values that were calculated for all ticks collected in both pastures during 1993 showed 83.4% fewer adults, 92.4% fewer nymphs, and 100.0% fewer larval masses in the treatment versus control pasture. Serum ivermectin concentrations in treated deer averaged 21.7 and 28.3 ppb during 1992 and 1993, respectively. These values compared favorably with the goal concentration of 30.0 ppb which was anticipated under ideal conditions. This study demonstrates that a freely consumed, systemicaily active acaricidal bait ingested by white-tailed deer under nearly wild conditions can significantly reduce the abundance of all stages of free-living lone star ticks. C1 TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE DEPT,KERR WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA,HUNT,TX 78024. RP Pound, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA UH447 UT WOS:A1996UH44700015 PM 8667385 ER PT J AU Szalanski, AL Taylor, DB Peterson, RD AF Szalanski, AL Taylor, DB Peterson, RD TI Population genetics and gene variation of stable fly populations (Diptera: Muscidae) in Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stomoxys calcitrans; population genetics; isozymes; polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism ID FLIES DIPTERA; ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS; SYSTEMATICS; VARIABILITY AB Genetic variation in stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), populations from Nebraska, Canada, and Texas was sampled. Four of 12 allozyme loci were polymorphic, with an average of 1.7 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.086 and 0.070, respectively. Nei's genetic distance between populations averaged 0.001 and ranged from 0.000 to 0.005. Wright's F statistics revealed greater variation within than among populations. Allele frequencies were homogeneous among temporal samples from a single population. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 6.4 kb of the mitochondrial DNA genome with 16 restriction enzymes revealed no variation in stable fly populations from Canada, Nebraska, and Texas. PCR-RFLP analysis of a 2.0-kb fragment of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internally transcribed spacer region also revealed no variation. The lack of genetic differentiation among stable fly populations indicates high levels of gene flow among populations. The low levels of variation observed with biochemical and molecular techniques are consistent with a genetic bottleneck during stable fly colonization of North America. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA UH447 UT WOS:A1996UH44700019 PM 8667389 ER PT J AU Meola, SM Wright, MS Nichols, R Pendleton, MW AF Meola, SM Wright, MS Nichols, R Pendleton, MW TI Localization of myosuppressinlike peptides in the hypocerebral ganglion of two blood-feeding flies: Horn fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horn fly; stable fly; immunocytochemistry; leucomyosuppressin; dromyosuppressin; retrocerebral complex ID NEUROPEPTIDE; FMRFAMIDE; DROSOPHILA AB The insect peptides leucomyosuppressin (pEDVDHVFLRFamide) and dromyosuppressin (TDVDHVFLRFamide) have identical chemical sequences with the exception of the N-terminal amino acid; both inhibit spontaneous contraction of insect visceral muscles. Neurons in the hypocerebral ganglion of horn fly, Hematobia irritans (L.), and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), were found to contain material immunoreactive to antiserum produced against the C-terminal of leucomyosuppressin, but not to the N-terminal of dromyossuppressin. Two large lateral clusters containing 8 cells, linked dorsally and ventrally by 2 chains of 6 cells, encircled the anterior surface of the proventriculus and were immunoreactive to leucomyosuppressin and FMRFamide antisera. Axons from these cells were traced to the wall of the aorta and over the surface of the proventriculus. Ultrastructural analysis revealed these cells contained a singular type of elementary secretory granule that contained material of relatively low electron density, both in the cell body and at the axon terminals. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,INST BIOSCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT BIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT BIOL CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Meola, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F & B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 473 EP 481 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA UH447 UT WOS:A1996UH44700027 PM 8667397 ER PT J AU Cook, BJ Pryor, NW AF Cook, BJ Pryor, NW TI Structural characterization of peripheral nerve cells and nerve-muscle junctions of the oviduct of stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable fly; glial cells; neurosecretion; ultrastructure; neuromuscular junctions ID STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; HEMOLYMPH AB Fine structure of both peripheral nerve cells and neuromuscular junctions associated with the oviduct of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was described. Twelve or more multipolar peripheral neurons were found along major branch nerves that enter the ovipositor. Several were suspended in the haemacoel and others were in close proximity to the surface of tile oviduct. Some peripheral neurons contained an abundance of neurosecretory granules that ranged in size from 32 to 180 nm in diameter. No glial elements enveloped the perikarya of such cells. Neurosecretory axons were usually found in the boundary region of large nerves just beneath the stroma. Peripheral nerve cells in close apposition to oviduct muscles were generally non-neurosecretory and were ensheathed in a glial perineurium. Peripheral neurons were surrounded occasionally by an extensive network of extracellular spaces in the glial perineurium. Other smaller neurons were found within large nerve trunks. Nerve-muscle junctions contained large clusters of synaptic vesicles and occasionally included small groups of neurosecretory granules. Many nerve terminals on the surface of the oviduct contained a complex postsynaptic folding of sarcolemma. Active transmission sites were indicated by increased densities along the neurolemma. Some neurohemal release sites were also evident. RP Cook, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 496 EP 503 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA UH447 UT WOS:A1996UH44700030 PM 8667400 ER PT J AU Krasnoff, SB Gibson, DM Belofsky, GN Gloer, KB Gloer, JB AF Krasnoff, SB Gibson, DM Belofsky, GN Gloer, KB Gloer, JB TI New destruxins from the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia sp. SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; INSECTICIDAL CYCLODEPSIPEPTIDES; METARRHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ALTERNARIA-BRASSICAE; ROSEOTOXIN-B; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; DEPSIPEPTIDES; ALEYRODIS AB Two new insecticidal cyclic depsipeptides, destruxins A4 (1) and A5 (2), were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of organic extracts from an undescribed species of entomopathogenic fungus from the genus Aschersonia. Another previously identified but related compound, homodestruxin B (3), was also isolated as a product of this fungus. The chemical structures of 1-3 were determined based on analysis of NMR and mass spectral data. In common with homodestruxin B (3), the novel compounds destruxins A4 (1) and A5 (2) have a MeIle moiety in place of the MeVal residue more typically found in destruxins; In addition, destruxin A5 has a beta-MePro unit in place of the Pro residue found in most destruxins. LC(50) values for 1 and 2 in an insecticidal assay against Drosophila melanogaster were estimated at 41 and 52 ppm, respectively. Homodestruxin B (3) showed no activity at 400 ppm in the same assay. Destruxins A4 (1) and A5 (2) are the first biologically active secondary metabolites reported from the fungal genus Aschersonia, which represents a new source of destruxins. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52245. RP Krasnoff, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 34 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 59 IS 5 BP 485 EP 489 DI 10.1021/np9601216 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UR803 UT WOS:A1996UR80300006 ER PT J AU Wang, H Dudley, AW Dupont, J Reeds, PJ Hachey, DL Dudley, MA AF Wang, H Dudley, AW Dupont, J Reeds, PJ Hachey, DL Dudley, MA TI The duration of medium-chain triglyceride feeding determines brush border membrane lipid composition and hydrolase activity in newly weaned rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE rats; medium-chain triglycerides; long-chain triglycerides; membrane lipid; brush border hydrolases ID SMALL-INTESTINE; FATTY-ACIDS; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; JEJUNUM; CHOLESTEROL; TRANSPORT; FLUIDITY; MORPHOLOGY; DIET AB To better understand the effect of dietary fat on intestinal brush border (BB) membranes in the young animal, we compared the effect of dietary medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) with that of monounsaturated and saturated long-chain triglycerides (LCT) on jejunal brush border membrane lipid composition and hydrolase activity in newly weaned rats. Twenty-day-old rat pups were divided into three groups and were weaned to diets containing 14% MCT + 6% soybean oil, 18% olive oil + 2% soybean oil, or 14% tallow + 6% soybean oil, and fed for 40 h or for 33 d. The diets were isonitrogenous and contained similar amounts of cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Within 40 h, the fatty acid compositions of the brush border membranes were significantly different among treatment groups. These differences were maintained in rats fed for 33 d. No medium-chain fatty acids, but significantly greater amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially 18:2(n-6) and 20:4(n-6), were found in the brush border membranes of rats fed the medium-chain triglyceride diet. The cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in the membranes were highest in rats fed the medium-chain triglyceride diet for 33 d. Rats fed that diet for 40 h had generally higher leucine aminopeptidase, sucrase and maltase activities compared with rats fed the olive oil or tallow diets. However, after 33 d of feeding, the differences between dietary treatment groups disappeared. This study demonstrates that, in the newly weaned rat pup, dietary medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides rapidly affect the fatty acid composition of the brush border membrane. However, the changes in the hydrolase activities associated with the changes in the lipid composition of the membranes are transient. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,PATHOL & LAB MED SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030. ARS,USDA,NPS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 126 IS 5 BP 1455 EP 1462 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UJ402 UT WOS:A1996UJ40200013 PM 8618143 ER PT J AU Wykes, LJ Fiorotto, M Burrin, DG DelRosario, M Frazer, ME Pond, WG Jahoor, F AF Wykes, LJ Fiorotto, M Burrin, DG DelRosario, M Frazer, ME Pond, WG Jahoor, F TI Chronic low protein intake reduces tissue protein synthesis in a pig model of protein malnutrition SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE protein deficiency; tissue protein synthesis; stable isotope; pigs ID DIETARY-PROTEIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; YOUNG-PIG; TURNOVER; RAT; DEPRIVATION; METABOLISM; RECOVERY; CHILDREN; GROWTH AB To determine the effect of severe chronic protein deficiency on protein synthesis in different tissues and total protein in plasma, and on plasma biochemical constituents involved in amino acid metabolism, we fed diets containing either 20 or 3% protein to two groups of four age-matched piglets. After consuming the diets for 8 wk, the pigs received a primed constant infusion of H-2(3)-leucine for 8 h to measure the fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of tissue protein and total protein in plasma. Plasma urea and amino acid concentrations, particularly indispensable amino acids, were significantly lower in protein-deficient pigs. Fractional protein synthesis rates were lower in skin by 66% (P < 0.01), in jejunal mucosa by 50% (P < 0.05), in masseter muscle by 40% (P < 0.05), and in liver by 25% (P < 0.02); the fractional synthesis rate of the longissimus muscle was not different than controls. Although plasma protein concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in protein-deficient pigs, the fractional synthesis rate of the total intravascular plasma protein pool was not different. We conclude that adaptation to a low protein diet involves a reduction in the rate of protein synthesis in most body tissues, with the most marked changes occurring in skin and intestine, two tissues which frequently exhibit severe functional impairment in protein malnutrition. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41764] NR 30 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 126 IS 5 BP 1481 EP 1488 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UJ402 UT WOS:A1996UJ40200017 PM 8618147 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Bhattiprolu, S DelRosario, M Burrin, D Wykes, L Frazer, M AF Jahoor, F Bhattiprolu, S DelRosario, M Burrin, D Wykes, L Frazer, M TI Chronic protein deficiency differentially affects the kinetics of plasma proteins in young pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE plasma protein concentration; synthesis; protein deficiency; stable isotope; pigs ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; ENERGY MALNUTRITION; TRANSPORT PROTEINS; LIPOPROTEIN; INDEX AB The use of plasma protein concentrations to assess protein-nutritional status has been questioned because concentrations and kinetics are affected by factors other than protein intake. To determine the effect of protein deficiency on plasma protein concentration and synthesis, two groups of four piglets consumed diets containing either 20 or 3% protein. After 8 wk, H-2(3)-leucine was infused intravenously to measure the fractional and absolute synthesis rates (FSR and ASR) of albumin, transferrin, retinol binding protein (RBP), transthyretin (TTR), a new peptide called TTR2, the high density apolipoprotein (HDL-apoA-1), fibrinogen, and haptoglobin. Compared with controls, protein-deficient pigs had significantly lower (P < 0.05) plasma albumin, RBP and TTR2 concentrations, significantly slower (P < 0.05) FSR of fibrinogen, HDL-apoA-1, transferrin, and TTR2, significantly lower (P < 0.05) ASR of albumin, fibrinogen, transferrin, and TTR2, and a significantly higher (P < 0.05) ASR of TTR. Fibrinogen and transferrin concentrations did not differ between groups, but transthyretin concentration was higher in protein-deficient pigs. These results suggest that protein-nutritional status cannot be predicted from the concentrations of all plasma proteins, that chronic protein deficiency affects the rate of synthesis of only some plasma proteins, and that the kinetic response of plasma proteins to protein restriction cannot be predicted from measurements of plasma concentrations. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41764] NR 25 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 126 IS 5 BP 1489 EP 1495 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UJ402 UT WOS:A1996UJ40200018 PM 8618148 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lure, MD Lewis, CG AF Fields, M Lure, MD Lewis, CG TI Effect of saturated versus unsaturated fat on the pathogenesis of copper deficiency in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fructose; starch; beef tallow; corn oil; copper ID ALCOHOLIC LIVER-DISEASE; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; STEARIC-ACID; BEEF FAT; METABOLISM; IRON; ABNORMALITIES; CARBOHYDRATE; ACCUMULATION AB The type of dietary fat, saturated versus unsaturated, may be an important factor in modifying the pathogenesis of copper deficiency in rats fed fructose. We investigated if saturated fat such as beef tallow as compared with unsaturated fat such as corn oil will prevent abnormalities related to the combination of fructose feeding and copper deficiency. Rats were fed copper-deficient (0.6 mu g Cu/g diet) or adequate (6.0 mu g Cu/g) diets containing fructose or starch as the sole dietary carbohydrate and beef tallow or corn oil as their fat source. The ''typical'' pathologies associated with copper deficiency in rats fed fructose such as anemia, pancreatic atrophy, heart hypertrophy, and liver enlargements were not prevented by the consumption of saturated fat (beef tallow). Not only did it not prevent pathologies, but beef tallow raised hepatic iron and increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, holt ever, only in rats fed fructose. Plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were also elevated by copper deficiency and fructose feeding The effect of the interaction among dietary carbohydrate, level of copper, and degree of saturation of fat on excess hepatic iron deposition and on metabolic and biochemical indices associated with heart-related abnormalities needs further investigation. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ARS,LAB METAB & NUTR INTERACT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 7 IS 5 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(96)00020-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA UM641 UT WOS:A1996UM64100001 ER PT J AU Bashir, M Hampton, RO AF Bashir, M Hampton, RO TI Serological and biological comparisons of blackeye cow-pea mosaic and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus isolates seed-borne in Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp germplasm SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID PLANT-VIRUSES; ELISA; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; STRAINS AB Serological and biological comparisons were made among 45 seed-borne isolates of blackeye cowpea mosaic (BICMV) and 54 seed-borne isolates of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (CAbMV) potyviruses derived from cowpea seedlots or young nursery-grown seedlings comprising 2112 germplasm accessions or pre-introduction seedlots of Vigna unguiculata. Isolates were identified by DAS-ELISA using polyclonal immunoglobulin G specific for these viruses. Twenty isolates of BlCMV and 32 isolates of CAbMV were also compared by ACP-ELISA with selected monoclonal antibodies and by SDS-immunodiffusion. By all approaches, isolates of BICMV were clearly distinguished from CAbMV isolates. Isolate comparisons on selected cowpea genotypes (TVu-401, TVu-1582, TVu-2657, and TVu-3433) partitioned most isolates into two distinct groups. A few isolates seed-borne in Indian cv. Pusa Phalguni, however, were clearly BICMV by all serological tests, but behaved as CAbMV in definitive cowpea genotypes. Although BICMV is generally considered to be a 'new world virus', both BICMV and CAbMV occurred in V. unguiculata seedlots originating in 'old-world regions', including Afghanistan, Botswana, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa. Seed-borne CAbMV was isolated from 6 of 155 tested US V. unguiculata Germplasm accessions originating, respectively, in Afghanistan (2), Botswana (2), India (1), and Pakistan (1). C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,ARS,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 144 IS 5 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1996.tb01526.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VH248 UT WOS:A1996VH24800007 ER PT J AU Allen, B Norman, HA Vincent, JS Chappelle, EW AF Allen, B Norman, HA Vincent, JS Chappelle, EW TI Preparation of carotenoid enriched vesicles of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol for use in Raman studies to investigate leaf canopy damage SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max L Merr; bilayers; carotenoids; galactolipids; model membrane systems; order/disorder; thermotropic profiles ID QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ACID; BILAYERS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; LEAVES; CHAINS AB New methods were developed for the semi-preparative isolation of galactolipids (GL) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) from Glycine max L. Merr. (soybean) leaf tissue. Model membranes composed of isolated MGDG and DGDG were enriched with the natural carotenoid, lutein and subjected to vibrational spectroscopic analysis as a function of temperature. The carotenoid was introduced to provide a resonance Raman (rR) indicator that would be sensitive to the macroscopic environment of the lipid assembly. The preliminary Infra-red (IR), Raman and rR spectra in the ordered gel phase and in the relatively disordered liquid crystalline (lc) phase of the phospholipid (PL) model membrane system distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and spectra of the GL model membrane systems, that span the temperature range of -30 degrees C to 0 degrees C, indicate that vesicles prepared by this method provide relevant model membrane systems. C1 ARS,WEED SCI LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Allen, B (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 413 EP 417 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UT416 UT WOS:A1996UT41600024 ER PT J AU Wiegand, C Anderson, G Lingle, S Escobar, D AF Wiegand, C Anderson, G Lingle, S Escobar, D TI Soil salinity effects on crop growth and yield - Illustration of an analysis and mapping methodology for sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE salinity; soil salinity; soil electrical conductivity; vegetation stress; remote sensing; image analysis; yield; yield components; sugarcane; Saccharum spp; videography; SPOT; SPOT HRV; spectral components analysis; ground truth; site specific management; mapping; crop growth; cost, benefit analysis; reclamation; economic yield ID SPECTRAL COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS AB The effects of soil salinity on growth and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) are used to illustrate how soil and plant samples (<>), digital videographic or SPOT HRV spectral observations, and image analysis by unsupervised classification can be used jointly to quantify and map variations in weighted electrical conductivity (WEC, dS m(-1)) of the root zone and MELD (metric tons of millable stalks ha(-1)). The combined data for the 1992 and 1993 growing seasons of the study showed that each dS m(-1) increase in WEC reduced stalk population by 0.6 stalks m(-2), stalk weight by 0.14 kg, and stalk yields by 13.7 metric tons ha(-1). Sugarcane growth and yield were not affected by root: zone salinities less than about 2dS m(-1), but no millable stalks were produced at salinities in excess of 10 dS m(-1). The 25 pixels ha(-1) of SPOT is a good scale for mapping salt stress patterns and taking sire-specific ameliorative actions. The combination of satellite or aerial spectral observations, ground truth, and image classification procedures demonstrated in this study is readily applicable to other vegetation stresses. RP Wiegand, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SUBTROP AGR RES LAB, 2413 E BUS HWY 83, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 418 EP 424 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UT416 UT WOS:A1996UT41600025 ER PT J AU Blackmer, TM Schepers, JS AF Blackmer, TM Schepers, JS TI Aerial photography to detect nitrogen stress in corn SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; chlorophyll meter; Zea mays L; remote sensing; stalk nitrate; aerial photographs ID CHLOROPHYLL METER AB Economic and environmental benefits can result from improved nitrogen (N) management in corn (Zea mays L.) production. This research project was conducted to determine the utility of aerial photographs to detect N deficiency in a crop canopy caused by natural soil variability and variable fertilizer N application rates. Chlorophyll meter readings and digitized aerial photograph data were compared to corn grain yield and stalk nitrate concentrations from a 60-ha field in Central Nebraska. In addition to natural field variability, 30.4-m long treatments were imposed through the center of the field by applying fertilizer at: rates of 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha(-1). Grain yield, chlorophyll meter readings,;photographic brightness and stalk nitrate samples were collected. Despite a significant effect from fertilizer treatments, chlorophyll meter readings did not correlate well with grain yields. The brightness of the red component in a digitized color photograph showed a significant inverse relationship (r(2) = 0.42) with grain yield. Stalk nitrate concentrations at harvest, when compared to red brightness from the digitized photograph, provided a better confirmation of N status than grain yield. Aerial photographs appear to be capable of detecting management induced variability as well as reduced yield portions of a field that result from natural variability. RP Blackmer, TM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,ARS,USDA,241 KEIM HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 10 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 440 EP 444 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UT416 UT WOS:A1996UT41600028 ER PT J AU McMurtrey, JE Chappelle, EW Kim, MS Corp, LA Daughtry, CST AF McMurtrey, JE Chappelle, EW Kim, MS Corp, LA Daughtry, CST TI Blue-green fluorescence and visible-infrared reflectance of corn (Zea mays L) grain for in situ field detection of nitrogen supply SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; fluorescence; grain; reflectance; vegetation stress ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; EMISSION-SPECTRA; PLANT-LEAVES AB The sensing of spectral attributes of corn (Zea mays L.) grain from site specific areas of the field during the harvest process may be useful in managing agronomic inputs and production practices on those areas of the field in subsequent growing seasons. Eight levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization were applied to field grown corn at Beltsville, Maryland. These N treatments produced a range of chlorophyll levels, biomass and physiological condition in the live plant canopies. After harvest. spectra were obtained in the laboratory on whole grain samples. Fluorescence emissions were acquired from 400 to 600 nm and percent reflectance were measured in the visible (VIS) near infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) regions from 400 nm to 2400 nm. A ultraviolet (UV) excitation band centered at 385 nm was the most effective in producing fluorescence emission differences in the blue-green region of the fluorescence spectrum with maxima centered from 430-470 nm in the blue and with an intense shoulder centered at around 530-560 nm in the green region. Reflectance showed the most spectral differences in the NIR and MIR (970-2330 nm) regions. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. SCI SYST & APPL INC,LANHAM,MD 20706. RP McMurtrey, JE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 148 IS 5 BP 509 EP 514 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UV718 UT WOS:A1996UV71800001 ER PT J AU Schepers, JS Blackmer, TM Wilhelm, WW Resende, M AF Schepers, JS Blackmer, TM Wilhelm, WW Resende, M TI Transmittance and reflectance measurements of corn leaves from plants with different nitrogen and water supply SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maize; transmittance; reflectance; nitrogen fertilizer; water stress ID CHLOROPHYLL; RATIO; LIGHT; CROPS AB Nitrogen is essential for crop production, but also contributes to eutrophication of surface water and degradation of drinking water quality. Modern corn production requires relatively large quantities of N, which are generally supplied by fertilizers. Over-application of N fertilizers and animal wastes frequently results in nitrate leaching. Synchronizing N availability with crop N need offers the potential to protect the environment without sacrificing production. Tools are needed to rapidly and easily monitor crop N status to make timely decisions regarding fertilizer application. Analytical and optical techniques were evaluated with greenhouse grown corn at silking to evaluate several methods to monitor crop N status. A portable chlorophyll meter was used to measure chlorophyll content of leaves by means of transmittance measurements. Leaf N concentration and chlorophyll meter readings were positively correlated, but were also affected by water stress and hybrid differences. Water stress decreased chlorophyll meter readings but increased leaf N content and diffusive resistance. Nitrogen stress decreased leaf N concentration, chlorophyll meter readings, and diffusive resistance. Both water and N stresses affected crop reflectance measurements. Reflectance values in the green and near IR portions of the spectrum were inversely related to crop N status. Water stress increased reflectance in red, green, and near IR wavelengths. Water stress by N status interactions were significant for chlorophyll meter readings as well as reflectance measurements. Both leaf reflectance and chlorophyll meter measurements provided a good indication of N status for adequately watered plants, but the relationships were poor for plants grown under prolonged water stress. C1 EMBRAPA,CNP MILHO & SORGO,SETE LAGOAS,MG,BRAZIL. RP Schepers, JS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 24 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 25 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 148 IS 5 BP 523 EP 529 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UV718 UT WOS:A1996UV71800003 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK Karl, MG AF Grings, EE Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK Karl, MG TI Mineral dynamics in forages of the Northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forage quality; grasslands; trace elements; nutritive value ID NATIVE RANGE AB Mineral concentrations of range grasses are often below that required by grazing livestock. Limited information is available on forage mineral concentrations for the Northern Great Plains and there is little data on factors influencing concentrations of forage minerals throughout the year. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate spacial and temporal variations in mineral concentrations of major forage species in the Northern Great Plains. Herbage was sampled from 4 replicates on each of 2 soils in July, August, and September 1991, April, June, July, August, and September 1992, and April 1993. Herbage was sorted by species grouping and by live and dead tissue classes. Analyses on herbage included Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Mo. For western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Love] and annual bromes [Bromus spp.], Zn and all macrominerals except Na were greater in live than in dead tissue. Live tissues of all other species groupings contained greater amounts of P and K than did dead tissue. Live tissue Mg concentrations were greater than dead tissue concentrations for other cool-season and warm-season grasses. Manganese concentrations were greater in live than dead annual brome tissues, while Cu was greater in dead than five tissue. Dead sedge tissue contained greater concentrations of Ca than five tissue. Soil type affected several nutrients but this was partially related to soil effects upon composition of species groupings and live:dead ratios. Minerals most likely to be found in quantities less than required for animal production were P, Na, K, Zn, and Cu. RP Grings, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,RTE 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 49 IS 3 BP 234 EP 240 DI 10.2307/4002884 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UJ127 UT WOS:A1996UJ12700008 ER PT J AU Watters, SE Weltz, MA Smith, EL AF Watters, SE Weltz, MA Smith, EL TI Evaluation of a site conservation rating system in southeastern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE range condition; soil erosion; site conservation; sustainable agriculture; threshold; WEPP model ID VEGETATION AB The objectives of this study were to identify a Site Conservation Threshold, the point at which accelerated erosion occurs, and to examine the usefulness of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model in determining the Site Conservation Threshold on a clay loam upland rangeland site, Sixteen sample sites were chosen to represent a wide range of species composition, ground cover, biomass and apparent soil stability to determine which of these factors could be used to evaluate the site conservation status of a clay-loam upland ecological site on a southern Arizona semi-arid desert grassland, A Site Stability Rating based on observable vegetation and soil-surface characteristics (i.e. ground surface cover and distribution of plants) was developed, A Site Stability Rating was estimated for 100 quadrats per sample site and averaged for the entire sample site, The Water Erosion Prediction Project model was used as an objective index of soil stability to assess the degree of site protection, The Soil Conservation Service soil loss tolerance value (T) was used with the sediment yield predicted by the WEPP model to establish a threshold value for the Site Stability Rating, The objective measures of standing biomass, basal cover, average distance to the nearest perennial plant, and frequency of quadrats with no rooted perennial plant showed strong relationships to the subjective Site Stability Rating, Site Conservation Thresholds were identified for standing biomass (750 kg/ha), basal cover (8%), average distance to the nearest perennial plant (15 cm), and frequency of quadrats (20 X 20 cm) with no rooted perennial plant (13%). C1 USDA,ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719. UNIV ARIZONA,RANGE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 49 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.2307/4002891 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UJ127 UT WOS:A1996UJ12700015 ER PT J AU Juang, HH Musah, AI Schwabe, C Ford, JJ Anderson, LL AF Juang, HH Musah, AI Schwabe, C Ford, JJ Anderson, LL TI Relaxin in peripheral plasma of boars during development, copulation, after administration of hCG and after castration SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID PROGESTERONE SECRETION; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SPERM MOTILITY; SEMINAL PLASMA; CORPORA-LUTEA; PIG; TESTOSTERONE; SERUM; HYSTERECTOMY AB Seventy-two Yorkshire boars were used in five experiments to evaluate the temporal changes in relaxin concentrations in peripheral blood plasma during prepubertal development, copulation, after castration and after treatment with hCG. High concentrations of relaxin (484+/-27 pg ml(-1)) were detected at II weeks of age but there was no positive correlation with testicular development. Relaxin concentrations fluctuated in mature boars but the results do not suggest a diurnal rhythm, although there is the possibility of pulsatile secretion. A decrease (P<0.05) in circulating relaxin was observed before and immediately after copulation. Castration of boars at 90, 115, 160 and 200 days of age did not significantly decrease relaxin concentrations within 48 h. Administration of hCG significantly depressed relaxin secretion at 90 days of age but not at 160 days of age. These studies suggest a non-gonadal source of boar relaxin that is not correlated with testicular growth or testosterone concentrations, is modulated by copulation and by hCG but only at specific stages of development. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOCHEM,CHARLESTON,SC 29495. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Juang, Horng-Heng/G-2313-2012 OI Juang, Horng-Heng/0000-0002-8524-8253 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA UM852 UT WOS:A1996UM85200001 PM 8699420 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM Byers, AP Johnston, LA Armstrong, DL Wildt, DE AF Donoghue, AM Byers, AP Johnston, LA Armstrong, DL Wildt, DE TI Timing of ovulation after gonadotrophin induction and its importance to successful intrauterine insemination in the tiger (Panthera tigris) SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID CHEETAH ACINONYX-JUBATUS; PUMA FELIS-CONCOLOR; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; FERTILIZATION INVITRO; CATUS L; SPERMATOZOA; ESTRUS AB The ovarian response to equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), the effect of timing of ovulation relative to hCG injection and the use of laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination (Al) were examined in two subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris). Adult female tigers were subjected to the same eCG/hCG treatment followed by laparoscopy under xylazine/diazapam/ketamine HCl anaesthesia at 39-42 h (Group I, n = 9), 46-49 h (Group II, n = 5) or 51-55 h (Group III, n = 5) after hCG. Six of these females, observed to be postovulatory at the time of laparoscopy (Group II, n = 3; Group III, n = 3), were subjected to intrauterine AI. The number of preovulatory follicles observed on the ovaries of Group I females was twofold greater (P < 0.05) than the number observed on ovaries of females in Group II and III. Fewer (P < 0.05) corpora lutea were observed on ovaries of Group I females (1.3 +/- 0.6) compared with the number of corpora lutea in Group II and III (combined average, 7.8 +/- 0.8 corpora lutea per female). Only one of ten females in Groups II and III failed to ovulate by the time of laparoscopy. Four Group I females never ovulated, based on a laparoscopic re-evaluation 4 weeks later. One female inseminated 46 h after hCG (Group II) became pregnant and delivered a healthy cub after a normal gestation. There were no apparent differences between subspecies in response to the same ovulation induction protocol. Results demonstrate the importance of the relationship between exogenous gonadotrophin treatment and onset of anaesthesia for laparoscopic examination and AI in tigers. Data clearly indicate that anaesthesia/laparoscopy conducted too early (39-42 h after hCG) compromises the number of females and proportion of follicles ovulating. In contrast, ovulation success is high if anaesthesia/laparoscopy is performed after this time, and intrauterine insemination can result in healthy young. C1 ARS,USDA,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CONSERVAT BREEDING SPECIALIST GRP,APPLE VALLEY,MN 55124. HENRY DOORLY ZOO,OMAHA,NE 68107. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 107 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA UM852 UT WOS:A1996UM85200009 PM 8699434 ER PT J AU Okwun, OE Igboeli, G Ford, JJ Lunstra, DD Johnson, L AF Okwun, OE Igboeli, G Ford, JJ Lunstra, DD Johnson, L TI Number and function of Sertoli cells, number and yield of spermatogonia, and daily sperm production in three breeds of boar SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN SPERMATOGENESIS; HOLSTEIN BULLS; QUANTIFICATION; POPULATION; TESTIS; RATS; DEGENERATION; STALLIONS AB The objective of this study was to determine the number of Sertoli cells per boar, daily sperm production, and germ cell yield per type A spermatogonium in mature Whitecross, Meishan, and West African boars. The paired parenchymal mass was greatest in the Whitecross boars and greater in Meishan than in West African boars. Daily sperm production per boar (x 10(9)) differed significantly (P < 0.05) among breeds (Whitecross: 12.5 +/- 1.5; Meishan: 6.0 +/- 0.5; West African: 2.9 +/- 0.3). Daily sperm production per boar was positively (P < 0.01) correlated with parenchymal mass (r = 0.97), number of A spermatogonia per testis (r = 0.88), and Sertoli cells per testis (r = 0.87). Daily sperm production per gram of testis was similar among breeds. Number of Sertoli cells and number of type A spermatogonia per boar were greater for the Whitecross but similar in the Meishan and West African boars. The number of Stage VII germ cells per Sertoli cell was greater (P < 0.05) in the Meishan (39.08 +/- 5.07), but similar in the Whitecross (19.91 +/- 1.62) and West African boars (15.81 +/- 2.43). The number of type A spermatogonia per testis was highly and positively (P < 0.01) correlated with number of Sertoli cells per testis (r = 0.95), and parenchymal mass (r = 0.88). There was a trend for the spermatid yield per type A spermatogonium to be greater in the Meishan boars, and this ratio was positively correlated with spermatid:Sertoli cell ratio (r = 0.62) but not with daily sperm production per boar or Sertoli cells per testis. No significant germ cell degeneration occurred during the long meiotic prophase, but the loss of progeny during postprophase of meiosis averaged 32.62% across all breeds. Germ cell degeneration was similar (P > 0.05) across breeds during spermiogenesis, and on average amounted to 8.6%. The increased number of type A spermatogonia and of Sertoli cells associated with larger testes for the Whitecross over West African or Meishan boars is sufficient to explain the higher sperm production in the Whitecross. However, the lower index of degeneration and more efficient Sertoli cell function in Meishan boars results in the daily sperm production being intermediate between that of the Whitecross and West African boars. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV AGR,DEPT ANIM PROD,MAKURDI,NIGERIA. UNIV NIGERIA,DEPT ANIM SCI,NSUKKA,NIGERIA. ARS,USDA,REPROD RES UNIT,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 66 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 107 IS 1 BP 137 EP 149 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA UM852 UT WOS:A1996UM85200020 PM 8699427 ER PT J AU Zimmer, JP Garza, C Heller, ME Butte, N Goldman, AS AF Zimmer, JP Garza, C Heller, ME Butte, N Goldman, AS TI Relationship between serum prolactin, lactation and changes in maternal blood B-cell (CD19+) percents during the first 8 months post-partum SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; lactation; breastfeeding; prolactin; B-cells; human ID PARENTERAL CHOLERA; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PREGNANCY; LYMPHOCYTES; MILK; LYMPHOPOIESIS; IMMUNIZATION; HORMONE; WOMEN AB Lactation is an immunologically unique state when immune factors are produced by the mother for the protection of the infant rather than the mother. While several studies have focused on the immunological composition of human milk, much less information is available on maternal immune status during lactation. Sixty-four lactating and 43 bottle-feeding women at 1-2 weeks, 1, 2, 4 or 8 months post-partum were studied in a cross-sectional design, with 14 nulliparous women as controls. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed dynamic, post-partum changes in the B-cell subpopulation. Among lactating women, the relative percents of CD19+ B-cells were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than control levels at 1-2 weeks and 1 month post-partum, but showed a significant, polynomial-linear rise (P < 0.05) over time, reaching control values by 2-4 months post-partum Bottle-feeding women had an earlier rise in the percentage of CD19+ cells, with relative percents always significantly higher than their lactating counterparts. The differing patterns may be due to changes in serum prolactin concentrations because, among the post-partum women, relative percents of CD19+ cells were negatively correlated with baseline serum prolactin concentrations. These results have implications for maternal immunization programs designed to enhance maternal and/or infant well-being as well as other maternal health effects related to breastfeeding. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. BASSETT HEALTHCARE SYST,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,COOPERSTOWN,NY. BAYLOR COLL MED,ARS,USDA,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT IMMUNOL,GALVESTON,TX 77550. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01HD21049-06] NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-0378 J9 J REPROD IMMUNOL JI J. Reprod. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 2-3 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1016/0165-0378(96)00956-4 PG 15 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA UY345 UT WOS:A1996UY34500002 PM 8816326 ER PT J AU Comis, D AF Comis, D TI Green remediation: Using plants to clean the soil SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES INST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Comis, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREENBELT,MD 20770, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 51 IS 3 BP 184 EP 187 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA UH705 UT WOS:A1996UH70500007 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Reeves, DW Kochhann, RA Bauer, PJ Mullins, GL Clapham, WM Kemper, WD Galerani, PR AF Busscher, WJ Reeves, DW Kochhann, RA Bauer, PJ Mullins, GL Clapham, WM Kemper, WD Galerani, PR TI Conservation farming in southern Brazil: Using cover crops to decrease erosion and increase infiltration SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM RES LAB,AUBURN,AL. EMBRAPA,CTR NACL PESQUISA TRIGO,PASSO FUNDO,RS,BRAZIL. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NEW ENGLAND PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME. USDA ARS,SOIL MANAGEMENT NATL PROGRAM,BELTSVILLE,MD. EMBRAPA,CTR NACL PESQUISA SOJA,LONDRINA,PARANA,BRAZIL. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 51 IS 3 BP 188 EP 192 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA UH705 UT WOS:A1996UH70500008 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Karlen, DL Matheny, TA Quisenberry, VL AF Hunt, PG Karlen, DL Matheny, TA Quisenberry, VL TI Changes in carbon content of a Norfolk loamy sand after 14 years of conservation or conventional tillage SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER; NO-TILLAGE; SOIL; NITROGEN; CORN; ACCUMULATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Soil carbon (C) management is vital for sandy southeastern Coastal Plain (SCP) soils that are naturally low in C. A long-term investigation began in 1979 to determine if conservation tillage would increase the C content of a Norfolk loamy sand (Typic Kandiudult) with a cropping system that included corn (Zea mays L.) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plots were 60 m (196.8 ft) long and 23 m (75.5 ft) wide with five replications Before modern conservation tillage technology was available, increasing soil C was believed to be nearly impossible under row crop production, particularly if cotton and soybean were part of the rotation. Tillage (conventional vs. conservation) war the main plot treatment. At the beginning of the experiment, C contents were not significantly different. In years 9 to 14, the mean C content of the 0- to 5-cm (0- to 2-in) depth for conservation tillage war nearly double that for conventional tillage: 12.0 vs 7.2 g kg(-1) (1.2 and 0.72%) (P less than or equal to 0.05). The r(2) of C content vs time over the 14 years was 0.44 for the 0- to 5-cm layer of the conservation tillage plots. The slope was 0.61 g kg(-1) yr(-1) (0.06%) and the probability that the slope was zero was < 0.001. A smaller slope increase of 0.17 g kg(-1) yr(-1) (0.017%) also existed for conservation tillage at the 5- to 10-cm (2.0- to 3.9-in) depth. The C content was not consistently different between tillage treatments below the 15-cm (5.9-in) depth. Improved equipment, management and soil quality allowed conservation tillage plots to produce greater yields during years 9 to 14. Long-term conservation tillage of row crops appears to be a viable method of increasing the C content of sandy SCP soil even when soybean and cotton are part of the rotation. C1 USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 29 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 51 IS 3 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA UH705 UT WOS:A1996UH70500017 ER PT J AU Carll, C TenWolde, A AF Carll, C TenWolde, A TI Accuracy of wood resistance sensors for measurement of humidity SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE relative humidity; matchstick sensor; Duff sensor; sorption hysteresis; electrical resistivity AB This work was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of wood resistance sensors for measurement of relative humidity and to identify sources of error in this use. Relative humidity can be expressed as a function of the logarithm of the sensors electrical resistance and of its temperature. We found that single-point calibration of each sensor compensates for most between-sensor variation, although care must be exercised during calibration. With careful calibration readings, error in relative humidity readings made with these sensors can be limited to +/- 10% relative humidity under most conditions. The literature indicates that a lower degree of error than this is anticipated when electrical resistance is used to estimate moisture content measurements. Our data suggest that sorption hysteresis and sensor memory are significant contributors to this (+/- 10%) relative humidity error. RP Carll, C (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 24 IS 3 BP 154 EP 160 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA UM546 UT WOS:A1996UM54600003 ER PT J AU Hayes, DG AF Hayes, DG TI The catalytic activity of lipases toward hydroxy fatty acids - A review SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE enantioselectivity; estolides; hydroxy fatty acids; lactones; lipases ID ENANTIOMERICALLY ENRICHED COMPOUNDS; RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; GLYCOL-MODIFIED LIPASE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; MACROCYCLIC LACTONES; ENZYMATIC LACTONIZATION; 10-HYDROXYDECANOIC ACID; BIOCATALYTIC RESOLUTION; KINETIC RESOLUTION; WAX ESTERS AB Hydroxy fatty acids, derived from several natural and synthetic sources, have many applications. Lipases have been employed to catalyze reactions involving hydroxy acids to narrowly shape the product distribution via their regio- and stereoselectivities. This manuscript reviews the action of lipase on hydroxy acids and their derivatives. The formation of estolides or lactones by lipase-catalyzed reactions depends strongly on the position of the hydroxyl moiety on the hydroxy acyl group and slightly on the hydroxy acid chainlength and concentration. Pseudomonas sp. and porcine pancreatic lipases are the most useful for catalyzing formation of optically pure lactones, while lipases lacking positional selectivity catalyze estolide formation best. The product distribution of lipase-catalyzed esterification between hydroxy- and nonhydroxy-acyl groups is strongly dependent on the lipase type. Lipase-catalyzed reactions between hydroxy acids and alcohols yield hydroxy esters, not estolides, as the major product. C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,NEW CROPS RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 66 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 73 IS 5 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1007/BF02518105 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UL670 UT WOS:A1996UL67000001 ER PT J AU Erhan, SM Kleiman, R Abbott, TP AF Erhan, SM Kleiman, R Abbott, TP TI Quantitation of estolides by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE estolide; FTIR; meadowfoam oil fatty acids; vegetable oil fatty acids ID FATTY-ACIDS; TRIGLYCERIDES; DETECTOR; ESTERS; OIL AB Estolides were produced from meadowfoam ail fatty acids, oleic, linoleic, petroselinic, and cis-5,cis-13 docosa-dienoic acids. Estolide reaction mixtures were quantitated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and compared to the area percentages determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The absorbance frequency of estolide carbonyl (1737 cm(-1)) is different than the lactone carbonyl and the acid carbonyl (1712 cm(-1)). Estolide standards were obtained by wiped-film molecular-still distillations and column chromatography. RP Erhan, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,NEW CROPS RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 73 IS 5 BP 563 EP 567 DI 10.1007/BF02518108 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UL670 UT WOS:A1996UL67000004 ER PT J AU Mounts, TL Abidi, SL Rennick, KA AF Mounts, TL Abidi, SL Rennick, KA TI Effect of genetic modification on the content and composition of bioactive constituents in soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE genetic modification of soybeans; high saturated acids; high-performance liquid chromatography; phospholipid; phospholipid molecular species; phytosterol; reduced linolenate; soybean oil; tocopherol ID LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL COMPOSITION; HPLC ANALYSIS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; STABILITY; STEROLS; QUALITY; FOODS AB The content and composition of tocopherols, sterols, and phospholipids in soybean oils derived from genetically-modified soybeans were determined by normal and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Tocopherol content was lowered in oils from soybeans selected to yield high palmitate and stearate contents. However, beta-tocopherol, which amounts to less than 1 ppm in control oils, was increased to 25-53 ppm in these oils. Sterol content was higher in one reduced-linolenate oil, which also had the highest oleate content. The greatest variability was observed in the content of beta-sitosterol, which ranged from 46.9-151.6 mg/100/g in the modified oils. Although, in general, there was little impact on the phospholipids, the content of phosphatidic acid was elevated in crude oils from three of the lines. Increases in phosphatidic acid are generally associated with storage deterioration of soybeans. Individual major classes of phospholipid were isolated, and the molecular species composition of each was determined. Compositional variations in molecular species indicated that there was an impact of the genetic modification of soybeans at the molecular level of the phospholipids that are primary plant cell components. C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 73 IS 5 BP 581 EP 586 DI 10.1007/BF02518111 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UL670 UT WOS:A1996UL67000007 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Bagby, MO AF Knothe, G Bagby, MO TI Assignment of C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signals in fatty compounds with allylic hydroxy groups SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE allylic hydroxy groups; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; 2(E)-ene-1,4-diols; methylene envelope; symmetrical compounds ID ACIDS AB C-13 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals in several fatty compounds with allylic mono- and dihydroxy groups were assigned by comparing compounds with and without other functional groups (allylic hydroxy, carboxylic acid, respectively, methyl ester at C-1). The simple C-13 NMR spectra of hydroxylated compounds derived from symmetrical alkenes are particularly useful in making assignments. The compounds whose signals were partially assigned are 8-hydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid, 11-hydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid, 8,11-dihydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid, 9(E)-octadecen-8-ol, and 9(E)-octadecene-8,11-diol. The present evaluation can be used for assigning signals in other fatty compounds. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 73 IS 5 BP 661 EP 663 DI 10.1007/BF02518124 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UL670 UT WOS:A1996UL67000020 ER PT J AU Yates, IE Maxey, D Lee, S Sparks, D Reilly, CC AF Yates, IE Maxey, D Lee, S Sparks, D Reilly, CC TI Developing the pecan scab fungus on susceptible and resistant host and nonhost leaves SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM AB Germ tube, appressorium, and subcuticular hypha development were analyzed on host and nonhost leaves for Cladosporium caryigenum (Ell, et Lang. Gottwald), the fungus causing scab on pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh,) C, Koch], Plant features characterized for supporting fungal growth were genotype, adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, and leaf maturity, Germ tubes and appressoria developed on all plant leaves, despite genotype, leaf surface, or maturity, Germ tube frequency on the susceptible host, 'Wichita', was lower than on the resistant host, 'Elliott', but was not significantly different from the nonhost, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L,), Appressoria formed with equal frequency on leave of both pecan cultivars and tobacco, Adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were not different within any given genotype for supporting fungal development, Immature leaves of 'Elliott', but not of 'Wichita', had a higher frequency of germ tubes and appressoria than mature leaves, subcuticular hyphal development occurred only on immature leaves of susceptible 'Wichita' pecan, Hence, subcuticular hyphal development is a prime candidate for being the fungal stage specific for host susceptibility, Resistance to C. caryigenum infection appears to be expressed at the plant site beneath the cuticle as fungal hyphae did not develop in a resistant pecan genotype or on nonhost leaves, Thus, resistance to the fungus causing pecan scab likely is expressed after both germ tube and appressorium development and operates beneath, not on the surface, of the leaf cuticle, Furthermore, technology developed to make these assessments would be adaptable in pecan breeding programs to screen for scab resistance. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP Yates, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RB RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. RI Marincowitz, Seonju/A-9185-2008 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 350 EP 357 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500001 ER PT J AU Strik, B Mann, J Finn, C AF Strik, B Mann, J Finn, C TI Percent drupelet set varies among blackberry genotypes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRUIT AB Twenty-one genotypes of blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) were evaluated for percent drupelet set in 1993 and eleven genotypes were evaluated in 1994, Commercial cultivars were chosen to represent types (trailing, erect, and semi-erect) of blackberries grown in the United States. Secondary fruit were picked when green but developing a red blush during the early- and late-ripening season. Drupelets and pistils per fruit were counted to calculate percent set, In 1994, ripe fruit ranging in size were harvested for 'Boysen', 'Marion', 'Thornless Evergreen', and 'Chester Thornless' and drupelet per fruit were counted. Drupelet set among genotypes ranged from 40% to 86% in 1993 and 39% to 78% in 1994. Most genotypes had a higher percent set on early flowers compared to later ones. Drupelet set and number were not correlated with fruit weight among genotypes. In 'Boysen', 'Marion', 'Thornless Evergreen', and 'Chester Thornless', drupelet number was correlated with fruit weight, although the relationship in 'Chester Thornless' was not as strong as the others, It is unclear what factors limit drupelet set in the genotypes studied. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Strik, B (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,ALS 4017,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 371 EP 373 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500005 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW AF Farnham, MW TI Genetic variation among and within united states collard cultivars and landraces as determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA; RFLPS; RAPD AB A collection of collard (Brassica oleracea L,, Acephala group) germplasm, including 13 cultivars or breeding lines and 5 landraces, was evaluated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and compared to representatives of kale (Acephala group), cabbage (Capitata group), broccoli (Italica group), Brussels sprouts (Gemmifera group), and cauliflower (Botrytis group), Objectives were to assess genetic variation and relationships among collard and other crop entries, evaluate intrapopulation variation of open-pollinated (OF) collard lines, and determine the potential of collard landraces to provide new B, oleracea genes, Two hundred nine RAPD bands were scored from 18 oligonucleotide decamer primers when collard and other B. oleracea entries were compared, Of these, 147 (70%) were polymorphic and 29 were specific to collard, Similarity indices between collard entries were computed from RAPD data and these ranged from 0.75 to 0.99 with an average of 0.83, Collard entries were most closely related to cabbage (similarity index = 0.83) and Brussels sprouts entries (index = 0.80), Analysis of individuals of an OP cultivar and landrace indicated that intrapopulation genetic variance accounts for as much variation as that observed between populations, RAPD analysis identified collard landraces as unique genotypes and showed them to be sources of unique DNA markers, The systematic collection of collard landraces should enhance diversity of the B, oleracea germplasm pool and provide genes for future crop improvement. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 374 EP 379 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500006 ER PT J AU Wann, EV AF Wann, EV TI Physical characteristics of mature green and ripe tomato fruit tissue of normal and firm genotypes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DARK GREEN; CELL-WALL; MUTANT; STORAGE AB Tissue firmness of ripe tomatoes is controlled by cell wall integrity of the fruit tissue and by the enzymatic softening that normally occurs during ripening. This study was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of cells and tissues of mature green (MG) and ripe fruit that might account for differences in firmness between 'Rutgers' (normal), 'Flora-Dade' (Firm), and two mutant lines called high-pigment (T4065 hp) and dark-green (T4099 dg), both of which possess extra firm fruit. Fruit samples were tested for resistance to a force applied to whole fruit and to sections of the pericarp tissue and by stress-relaxation analysis. Determinations were also made of cell density and cell wall content within the pericarp tissue. Fruit of mutant lines had firmer tissue than either 'Rutgers' or 'Flora-Dade' at MG or ripe. Whole fruit compression measurements showed that T4099 dg was firmer than T4065 hp or 'Rutgers' at MG and firmer than 'Flora-Dade' and 'Rutgers' when ripe. Whole fruit of 'Flora-Dade' were significantly firmer than 'Rutgers' at MG and ripe. Firmness measured by compressive strength also showed that mutant lines had firmer pericarp tissue than the wild types at both MG and ripe stages. Stress-relaxation analysis showed that MG fruit of T4099 dg had greater tissue elasticity than 'Rutgers' or 'Flora-Dade'. Ripe fruit of both mutant lines had more tissue elasticity than wild types. There were no apparent differences among the genotypes due to tissue relaxation. From these analyses, tissue elasticity appears to be a significant parameter in determining tissue firmness in the tomato genotypes used in this study. Firmness and textural quality of ripe tomatoes appeared to be dependent on elasticity of the pericarp tissue and on the level of enzymatic softening during ripening. RP Wann, EV (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,HIGHWAY 3 W,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500007 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, TJ Engle, ME Kujawski, PT AF Tworkoski, TJ Engle, ME Kujawski, PT TI Growth regulatory effects and soil concentration of controlled-release trifluralin applied to roots of yellow poplar and red oak SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; FIELD AB A polypropylene fabric containing control-release pellets of the herbicide, trifluralin, can be oriented in the soil to regulate the distribution of plant roots. In 1990, trenches were dug near 10-year-old red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and 10-year-old yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and fabric containing trifluralin control-release pellets and polypropylene fabric alone were installed vertically to redirect root growth. Roots grew alongside trifluralin fabric and fabric alone and did not penetrate either fabric 38 months after installation. Shoot growth of yellow poplar was reduced about 47% each year by the trifluralin fabric treatment compared to control. Red oak shoot growth was not affected by trifluralin fabric. Leaf water potential was not affected by treatment in either species. Trifluralin residues in trifluralin fabric decreased from 23.3% to 22.0% from July 1990 to October 1993. During this time, trifluralin levels increased from 0.4 to 3.6 mg . kg(-1) in soil sampled 0 to 15 cm below trifluralin fabric. These results suggest that controlled-release trifluralin will provide persistent inhibition of root and shoot growth of some species and will not migrate significantly in the soil. Chemical names used: alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP Tworkoski, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 461 EP 465 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500021 ER PT J AU Charron, CS Cantliffe, DJ Wheeler, RM Manukian, A Heath, RR AF Charron, CS Cantliffe, DJ Wheeler, RM Manukian, A Heath, RR TI A system and methodology for measuring volatile organic compounds produced by hydroponic lettuce in a controlled environment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE (Z)-3-hexenal; (Z)-3-hexenol; (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate ID POSSIBLE INSECT ATTRACTANTS; EMISSION RATES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS; PLANTS AB A system and methodology were developed for the nondestructive qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile emissions from hydroponically grown 'Waldmann's Green' leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), photoperiod, and temperature were automatically controlled and monitored in a growth chamber modified for the collection of plant volatiles. The lipoxygenase pathway products (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate were emitted by lettuce plants after the transition from the light period to the dark period, The volatile collection system developed in this study enabled measurements of volatiles emitted by intact plants, from planting to harvest, under controlled environmental conditions. C1 NASA,KENNEDY SPACE CTR,FL 32899. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP Charron, CS (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT HORT SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 483 EP 487 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500025 PM 11539353 ER PT J AU Charron, CS Cantliffe, DJ Wheeler, RM Manukian, A Heath, RR AF Charron, CS Cantliffe, DJ Wheeler, RM Manukian, A Heath, RR TI Photosynthetic photon flux, photoperiod, and temperature effects on emissions of (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)3-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate from lettuce SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE controlled environments ID LEAVES; SYSTEM AB To investigate the effects of environment on plant volatile emissions, 'Waldmann's Green' leaf lettuce was cultivated under different levels of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) photoperiod, and temperature, A modified growth chamber was used to sample plant volatile emissions nondestructively, over time, and under controlled conditions, Total volatile emission rates were significantly higher from lettuce cultivated under PPF of 360 or 200 mu mol . m(-1). s(-1) compared to 105 mu mol . m(-2). s(-1), and significantly higher under a 16-h photoperiod than an 8-h photoperiod, No differences were detected among emission rates from different temperature treatments, In controlled environments, emissions could be regulated by adjusting environmental conditions accordingly. C1 NASA, KENNEDY SPACE CTR, FL 32899 USA. USDA ARS, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. RP Charron, CS (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT HORT SCI, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 488 EP 494 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500026 PM 11539354 ER PT J AU Cohen, JD AF Cohen, JD TI In vitro tomato fruit cultures demonstrate a role for indole-3-acetic acid in regulating fruit ripening SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auxin; Lycopersicon esculentum; organ culture; phytohormones; tissue culture ID PERICARP DISKS; MEDIA; METABOLISM; TISSUE; GROWTH; AUXIN AB An in vitro system was used for the production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit in culture starting from immature flowers. This system produced small parthenocarpic (seedless) fruit in response to 10(-4) M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) supplied in the medium. Other auxins, auxin conjugates and antiauxins tested were not effective or produced markedly fewer fruit, Additional IAA supplied to the fruit culture media before breaker stage resulted in an increase in the time period between breaker and red-ripe stages from 7 days without additional IAA to 12 days when 10(-5) mIAA was added. These results suggest that significant changes in the ripening period could be obtained by alteration of auxin relationships in tomato fruit. RP Cohen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 520 EP 524 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500031 ER PT J AU McDonald, RE McCollum, TG Baldwin, EA AF McDonald, RE McCollum, TG Baldwin, EA TI Prestorage heat treatments influence free sterols and flavor volatiles of tomatoes stored at chilling temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; postharvest; chilling injury; ethylene; lipids AB The objective of this study was to determine the effects of prestorage heat treatments on chilling tolerance of tomatoes, Mature-green 'Agriset' tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), either C2H4-treated or not, were immersed in 42C water for 60 min, held in 38C air for 48 hour's, or not treated, and then stored at either 2C (chilled) or 13C (nonchilled) for 14 days before ripening at 20C, Heat-treated fruit stored at 2C and transferred to 20C ripened normally while nonheated fruit decayed before reaching red ripe, Color (a*/b* ratio), lycopene content, and internal quality characteristics of fruit were similar at the red-ripe stage irrespective of method of heat treatment, In red-ripe heat-treated fruit, free sterol levels were significantly higher in chilled fruit than in nonchilled fruit, Heating fruit in 38C air resulted in significantly higher levels of some free sterols compared with heating fruit in 42C water, Of the 15 flavor volatiles analyzed, six showed significantly decreased concentrations as a result of C2H4-treatment and seven showed decreased concentrations when stored at 2C before ripening, Some volatiles were decreased by the heat treatments, Prestorage short- and long-term heat treatments could allow for storage of mature-green tomatoes at lower temperatures with little loss of their ability to ripen normally. C1 USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. RP McDonald, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 531 EP 536 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500033 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Young, EF AF Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Young, EF TI Pecan kernel color: Standards using the Munsell Color Notation System SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; nut quality ID FRUIT COLOR; STORAGE AB The Munsell Color System was used to define pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] kernel colors and color changes for 21 clones, 11 locations, and 4 storage methods for nuts collected over a 4-year period, Hue readings ranged from 10.0 (10 red) to 22.5 (2.5 yellow), Value readings ranged from 2.5 to 8.0 and chroma readings ranged from 1.0 to 8.0, A total of 91 color chips (individual combinations of hue, value, and chroma) were needed to describe kernel color variability, In 1987 and 1988, One color [15.0/5/4 (hue/value/chroma)] accounted for 3,979 of the 32,078 readings taken, and the 15 most common colors accounted for 80.7 % of all the readings, The Munsell system of color determination was well suited for pecan color determinations, A simplified color rating system with only six color classes was developed for general use by the pecan industry, This system is also routinely used in our breeding and genetics program to define this very important quality trait in pecan. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROUTE 2,BOX 133,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 548 EP 553 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA UG065 UT WOS:A1996UG06500036 ER PT J AU Angulo, FJ AF Angulo, FJ TI Food safety symposium: Responding to the changing epidemiologic characteristics of foodborne disease - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL & EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAM,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,USDA,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 208 IS 9 BP 1396 EP 1396 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UG889 UT WOS:A1996UG88900008 ER PT J AU Sparling, PH AF Sparling, PH TI Postharvest food safety issues SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Safety, at the 132nd Annual Meeting of the AVMA CY JUL 11, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Vet Med Assoc RP Sparling, PH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL & EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAM,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,USDA,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 208 IS 9 BP 1397 EP 1398 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UG889 UT WOS:A1996UG88900010 ER PT J AU Barrett, L AF Barrett, L TI Food safety symposium: Responding to the changing epidemiologic characteristics of foodborne diseases - State health department response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Safety, at the 132nd Annual Meeting of the AVMA CY JUL 11, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Vet Med Assoc RP Barrett, L (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,14TH & INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,ROOM 327-E,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 208 IS 9 BP 1400 EP 1401 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UG889 UT WOS:A1996UG88900014 ER PT J AU Prucha, J AF Prucha, J TI United States Department of Agriculture response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Safety, at the 132nd Annual Meeting of the AVMA CY JUL 11, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Vet Med Assoc RP Prucha, J (reprint author), US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,OFF ADMINISTRATOR,USDA,14TH & INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,ROOM 327-E,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 208 IS 9 BP 1400 EP 1400 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UG889 UT WOS:A1996UG88900013 ER PT J AU Galletti, GC Bocchini, P Smacchia, AM Reeves, JB AF Galletti, GC Bocchini, P Smacchia, AM Reeves, JB TI Monitoring phenolic composition of maturing maize stover by high performance liquid chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE maize stover; lignin; phenolics; high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detector; pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry ID NITROBENZENE OXIDATION; INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; LIGNIN COMPOSITION; ION-TRAP; WHEAT; LIGNOCELLULOSICS; DEGRADATION; INTERNODES; PRODUCTS; PHALARIS AB Maize stovers collected every 14 days over an 84-day growth period were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED) and pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY/GC/MS) in order to monitor changes in the phenolic composition. Prior to HPLC-ED analyses, ground samples were sequentially extracted with (i) methanol, (ii) 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and (iii) 2 M sodium hydroxide in the presence of nitrobenzene to separate, respectively, free phenolic monomers, alkali-labile phenolic monomers and alkali-resistant lignin. In turn, solution (ii) was treated with alkaline nitrobenzene to obtain (iv) alkali-labile lignin. Pyrolysis was carried out on ground native samples by using a platinum heated filament pyrolyser. Increases in the absolute phenolic concentrations in the residues of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide extraction and in the ratio of alkali-resistant lignin vs total lignin were observed by HPLC-ED during the first 28-42 days of maturation, reaching a steady level in the remaining maturation period. A linear increase of syringyl units vs guaiacyl units was for found the alkali-resistant lignin fraction over the entire period of maturation. Similar trends were showed by PY/GC/MS with regard to relative lignin content and syringyl/guaiacyl ratio. Both techniques showed their usefulness to gauge changes in the phenolic composition during the lignification process. C1 USDA,NUTRIENT CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Galletti, GC (reprint author), CNR,CTR STUDIO CONSERVAZ FORAGGI,VIA F RE 8,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UL314 UT WOS:A1996UL31400001 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, VM TI Cultural methods and mineral content of eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Solanum melongena; mineral content; cultural methods; fruit ID FERTILIZATION; POTASSIUM AB Mineral content in edible portions of vegetables may be affected by cultural methods. This study was conducted to determine if fertiliser rate and irrigation regime affected mineral (N, NO2, NO3, P, PO4, K, SO4, Ca, Fe, Na, Mg, and Mn) of eggplant (Solanum melongena L, cv Black Bell) fruit. The experiment on a Bernow fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic Paleudalf soil at Lane (OK, USA) with three fertiliser rates and three irrigation regimes. The data were analysed as a split-plot with harvests as the sub-plot. All P was accounted for by PO4. Levels of NO2 and NO3 comprised <0.001% of the N content. Harvest number affected only N, P, K, SO4 and Mg levels in both years, and Na in one year. For many of the minerals the highest levels in fruit were not consistent over harvests in both years. When there was less precipitation, and fertiliser was applied at the recommended rate, fewer irrigations per week were necessary to increase levels of N, P and K in fruit. The interaction of irrigation and fertiliser can affect mineral content of fruit and should be considered when fertiliser recommendations are made. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 71 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA UL314 UT WOS:A1996UL31400018 ER PT J AU Wolffe, EJ Moore, DM Peters, PJ Moss, B AF Wolffe, EJ Moore, DM Peters, PJ Moss, B TI Vaccinia virus A17L open reading frame encodes an essential component of nascent viral membranes that is required to initiate morphogenesis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLI LAC REPRESSOR; EXTRACELLULAR VIRUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROGENY VACCINIA; GENE; EXPRESSION; GLYCOPROTEIN; RESISTANCE AB We generated an antiserum to the predicted C-terminal peptide of the A17L open reading frame (ORF), which encodes a 23-kDa polypeptide with hydrophobic regions characteristic of membrane proteins. Immuno-electron microscopy of infected cells indicated that the A17L protein is intimately associated with the earliest characteristic viral membranes, even those formed in the presence of the drug rifampin. To study the role of the A17L protein in morphogenesis, we constructed recombinant vaccinia viruses in which the endogenous A17L ORF was deleted and a copy of the ORF under the control of the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase and the Escherichia call lac repressor was inserted into an alternative site in the vaccinia virus genome. Growth of these recombinant viruses was entirely dependent on the induction of A17L expression by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Electron microscopic examination of cells infected in the absence of inducer revealed the accumulation of large, well-demarcated electron-dense aggregates but no characteristic membrane-associated viral structures. Viral late protein synthesis occurred under these conditions, although the maturational proteolytic processing of structural proteins was inhibited. We conclude that the product of the A17L gene is an essential component of the immature viral membrane and has an early function in viral morphogenesis. C1 NIAID,VIRAL DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV UTRECHT,SCH MED,CELL BIOL LAB,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ASF RES,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 67 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 5 BP 2797 EP 2808 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA UF247 UT WOS:A1996UF24700015 PM 8627754 ER PT J AU Brown, TC Champ, PA Bishop, RC McCollum, DW AF Brown, TC Champ, PA Bishop, RC McCollum, DW TI Which response format reveals the truth about donations to a public good? SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; WELFARE EVALUATIONS; MARKET GOODS; BID DESIGN; MODELS; SENSITIVITY AB Several contingent valuation studies have found that the open-ended format yields lower estimates of willingness to pay (WTP) than does the closed-ended, dichotomous choice, format. In this study, WTP for a public environmental good was estimated under four conditions: actual payment in response to open-ended and closed-ended requests, and hypothetical payment in response to open-ended and closed-ended requests. The experimental results, showing that the response format mattered far more for hypothetical than for actual payments, support conclusions about the reasons that the dichotomous choice format yields larger estimates of hypothetical WTP, conclusions that hinge on the hypothetical nature of contingent valuation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGR ECON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV RES,ROCKY MT STN,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 45 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 7 U2 20 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 72 IS 2 BP 152 EP 166 DI 10.2307/3146963 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UL207 UT WOS:A1996UL20700002 ER PT J AU Kuykendall, LD Swelim, DM Hashem, FM AbdelWahab, SM Hegazi, NI AF Kuykendall, LD Swelim, DM Hashem, FM AbdelWahab, SM Hegazi, NI TI Symbiotic competence, genetic diversity and plasmid profiles of Egyptian isolates of a Rhizobium species from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) Dewit SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPONICUM AB There is considerable interest in improving nitrogen fixation in tropical legume trees to increase soil fertility, particularly in developing countries. To provide information needed for the development of improved strains, characterization of strains of Leucaena-nodulating Rhizobium was performed. Thirteen strains were isolated from root nodules of Leucaena leucocephala grown in different geographical regions in Egypt. Plasmid DNA profile groups, including identification of symbiosis-controlling plasmids, mere defined. Symbiotic competence was determined in plant tests and some strains were perhaps more symbiotically proficient at fixing nitrogen with L. leucocephala than were reference strains. The genetic diversity of these strains was determined by RFLP analysis of total DNAs using, as probes, six arbitrarily selected cosmid clones from a gene library of strain TAL 1145, a well-characterized reference strain. There were four plasmid profile groups which did not correlate with either symbiotic competence or RFLP analysis. RFLP analysis, unlike plasmid profiles, permitted a determination that all 13 Egyptian strains were evidently homogeneous and quite distinct from previously studied Leucaena-nodulating Rhizobium as represented by reference strains. C1 ARC,SOIL & WATER RES INST,GIZA,EGYPT. CAIRO UNIV,FAC AGR,GIZA,EGYPT. RP Kuykendall, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 22 IS 5 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1996.tb01176.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA UJ553 UT WOS:A1996UJ55300006 ER PT J AU Alexander, LJ Troyer, DL Rohrer, GA Smith, TPL Schook, LB Beattie, CW AF Alexander, LJ Troyer, DL Rohrer, GA Smith, TPL Schook, LB Beattie, CW TI Physical assignments of 68 porcine cosmid and lambda clones containing polymorphic microsatellites SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID DNA LIBRARIES; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; GENOME; GENE AB Two lambda phage and 66 cosmids containing informative porcine microsatellites were assigned to 17 of 18 porcine autosomes and the X Chromosome (Chr) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These assignments provide additional physically anchored markers to integrate the porcine physical and genetic maps. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT & PHYSIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Alexander, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,SPUR 18D,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. OI Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364 NR 32 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAY PY 1996 VL 7 IS 5 BP 368 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s003359900106 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA UM129 UT WOS:A1996UM12900010 PM 8661726 ER PT J AU Lord, EA Lumsden, JM Dodds, KG Henry, HM Crawford, AM Ansari, HA Pearce, PD Maher, DW Stone, RT Kappes, SM Beattie, CW Montgomery, GW AF Lord, EA Lumsden, JM Dodds, KG Henry, HM Crawford, AM Ansari, HA Pearce, PD Maher, DW Stone, RT Kappes, SM Beattie, CW Montgomery, GW TI The linkage map of sheep chromosome 6 compared with orthologous regions in other species SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; BETA-CASEIN; OVIS-ARIES; GENE; KARYOTYPE; GENOME; LOCI AB The genetic linkage map of sheep Chromosome (Chr) 6 has been extended to include 35 loci with the addition of 11 RFLP and 12 microsatellite loci. The sex-averaged linkage map now spans 154 cM from phosphodiesterase cyclic GMP beta polypeptide (PDE6B) to OarCP125, an anonymous sheep microsatellite. The male and female map lengths, at 180 cM and 132 cM respectively, did not differ significantly. The physical assignment of PDE6B to Chr 6q33-qter orientates the linkage map on sheep Chr 6 with PDE6B near the telomere and OarCP125 towards the centromere. The order and genetic distances between loci are similar for the sheep Chr 6 and cattle Chr 6 maps, except for the position of the casein genes. The sheep Chr 6 linkage map is also comparable to portions of human Chr 4, mouse Chrs 5 and 3, and pig Chr 8. The synteny between sheep Chr 6 and human Chr 4 has been extended from PDE6B (4P16.3) to epidermal growth factor (EGF, 4q25-q27). However, a region from platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha polypeptide (PDGFRA) to bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3), which spans 19 cM on sheep Chr 6, appears to be inverted with respect to the human and mouse loci. Other differences in the gene order between sheep, pig, and mouse suggest more complex rearrangements. C1 UNIV OTAGO,CTR GENE RES,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. AGRES,INVERMAY AGR CTR,MOSGIEL,NEW ZEALAND. AGRES,GRASSLANDS RES CTR,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP Lord, EA (reprint author), UNIV OTAGO,DEPT BIOCHEM,AGRES,MOLEC BIOL UNIT,POB 56,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. RI Montgomery, Grant/B-7148-2008; OI Montgomery, Grant/0000-0002-4140-8139; Dodds, Ken/0000-0002-9347-6379 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAY PY 1996 VL 7 IS 5 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s003359900107 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA UM129 UT WOS:A1996UM12900011 PM 8661727 ER PT J AU Stone, RT Kappes, SM Beattie, CW AF Stone, RT Kappes, SM Beattie, CW TI The bovine homolog of the obese gene maps to Chromosome 4 SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article RP Stone, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAY PY 1996 VL 7 IS 5 BP 399 EP 400 DI 10.1007/s003359900119 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA UM129 UT WOS:A1996UM12900027 PM 8661739 ER PT J AU Chernyak, SM Rice, CP McConnell, LL AF Chernyak, SM Rice, CP McConnell, LL TI Evidence of currently used pesticides in air, ice, fog, seawater and surface microlayer in the Bering and Chukchi seas SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WATER; FRACTIONATION; PERFORMANCE AB Investigation of-currently-used pesticides (triazines, acetanilides, organophosphates and organochlorines) was carried out in the Bering and Chukchi marine ecosystems in the summer of 1993, Chlorpyrifos and trace levels of endosulphan were the most frequently identified contaminants in seawater, chlorpyrifos and atrazine were found in marine ice, and chlorathalonil and trifluralin mere found in surface microlayer samples, Concentrations of chlorpyrifos were highest (170 ng l(-1)) in marine ice and higher in seawater (19-67 ng l(-1)) at locations which were closest to the ice edge, Endosulphan was found as a widely distributed currently used pesticide in the polar atmosphere, The greatest concentration of any one single agrochemical was trifluralin (1.15 mu g l(-1)) in a Bristol Bay surface microlayer sample, Arctic marine fog was sampled and for the first time, several currently-used pesticides (chlorpyrifos, trifluralin, metolachlor, chlorothalonil, terbufos and endosulphan) were detected at concentrations several times higher than in adjacent waters or ice. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd RP ARS, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 37 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 410 EP 419 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(95)00216-A PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UR126 UT WOS:A1996UR12600015 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Denisova, N VillalobosMolina, R Erat, S Strain, J AF Joseph, JA Denisova, N VillalobosMolina, R Erat, S Strain, J TI Oxidative stress and age-related neuronal deficits SO MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neurodegenerative Disorders - Common Molecular Mechanisms CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL OCHO RIOS, JAMAICA SP Univ Goteborg, Sweden, Univ West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica DE striatum; oxidative stress; aging; dopamine cholesterol; PBN; vitamin E ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY; NITRIC-OXIDE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; FREE-RADICALS; SUPEROXIDE; SENESCENCE; BRAIN; ANTIOXIDANTS AB Research from our laboratory has indicated that the loss of sensitivity that occurs in several receptor systems as a function of age may be an index of an increasing inability to respond to oxidative stress (OS). This loss occurs partially as a result of altered signal transduction (ST). Assessments have involved determining the nature of age-related reductions in oxotremorine enhancement of K+-evoked dopamine release (K+-ERDA) from superfused striatal slices. Using this model, we have found that 1. Reductions can be restored with in vivo administration of the free-radical trapping agent, N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN); 2. Decrements in DA release induced by NO or H2O2 from striatal slices from both young and old animals could be restored with alpha-tocopherol or PBN; 3. ST decrements, such as those seen in aging, could be induced with radiation exposure; and 4. Preincubation of the striatal slices with cholesterol decreased subsequent deleterious effects of NO or OH on DA release. Thus, cholesterol, which increases in neuronal membranes as a function of age, may function as a potent antioxidant and protectant against neuronal damage. These results suggest that therapeutic efforts to restore cognitive deficits in aging and age-related disease might begin with antioxidant reversal of ST decrements. C1 CINVESTAV IPN,IPN,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MEXICO CITY 14000,DF,MEXICO. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 1044-7393 J9 MOL CHEM NEUROPATHOL JI Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1-3 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1007/BF02815202 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA VC268 UT WOS:A1996VC26800005 PM 8871939 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Garfinkel, DJ AF Tooley, PW Garfinkel, DJ TI Presence of Ty1-copia group retrotransposon sequences in the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE potato late blight; transposable element ID PLANTS; RETROELEMENTS; EVOLUTION AB Multiple copies of retrotransposon reverse transcriptase coding sequences were identified in Phytophthora infestans by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using degenerate primers, The I! infestans sequences belong to the Ty1-copia superfamily, and putative elements from different P. infestans isolates show restriction site polymorphisms, Some contain complete open reading frames while others do not, indicating the presence of potentially active as well as inactive elements. C1 NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM,GENE REGULAT & CHORMOSOME BIOL LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT DETRICK,MD 21701, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-46000] NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 9 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1094/MPMI-9-0305 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA UJ023 UT WOS:A1996UJ02300011 PM 8634480 ER PT J AU Glenn, AE Bacon, CW Price, R Hanlin, RT AF Glenn, AE Bacon, CW Price, R Hanlin, RT TI Molecular phylogeny of Acremonium and its taxonomic implications SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Clavicipitaceae; endophytes; Epichloe; Hypocreales; Neotyphodium; rDNA ID ENDOPHYTE-HOST ASSOCIATIONS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; FORAGE GRASSES; ATKINSONELLA; FESTUCA; DNA; POLYMERASE; SEQUENCE; TEXENSIS; ANAMORPH AB Acremonium is generally considered to be a highly polyphyletic form genus containing distantly related fungi. Sectional divisions within Acremonium distinguish the clavicipitaceous grass endophytes of sect. Albolanosa from the generally saprobic species of sections Acremonium, Chaetomioides, Gliomastix, and Nectrioidea. In an effort to assess the possible number of lineages currently placed within Acremonium and to determine which groups of sexual ascomycetes are phylogenetically affiliated with Acremonium species, maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses were performed using partial sequences of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA). Acremonium was shown to be a polyphyletic taxon with affiliations to at least three ascomycetous orders: 1) most of the examined species from the sections Acremonium, Gliomastix, and Nectrioidea showed a relationship to the Hypocreaceae even though many of these species have never been associated with any teleomorph; 2) the grass endophytes of sect. Albolanosa and other taxa from the Clavicipitaceae formed a monophyletic group derived from within the Hypocreales; 3) the thermophilic A. alabamense of sect. Chaetomioides was derived from within the Sordariales. Acremonium alternatum, the type species of the genus, was one of the species showing affiliation to the Hypocreaceae. In order to eliminate some of the heterogeneity within Acremonium while also emphasizing the unique biological, morphological, and ecological characteristics of the grass endophytes, we are proposing that the anamorphs of Epichloe and closely related asexual grass endophytes be reclassified into the ne cv form genus Neotyphodium. Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations are also presented for other taxa. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Glenn, AE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 72 TC 296 Z9 332 U1 3 U2 26 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 88 IS 3 BP 369 EP 383 DI 10.2307/3760878 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA UT087 UT WOS:A1996UT08700005 ER PT J AU Leuchtmann, A Petrini, O Samuels, GJ AF Leuchtmann, A Petrini, O Samuels, GJ TI Isozyme subgroups in Trichoderma section Longibrachiatum SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Hypocrea; Hypocreales; systematics ID GENUS TRICHODERMA; REVISION; CLASSIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; STRAINS AB Seventy-eight representatives of Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum, Hypocrea jecorina, and H. schweinitzii were compared using ten enzyme systems. The results essentially supported Bissett's morphologically based taxonomy of Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum, in that the species ?: longibrachiatum, ?: citrinoviride, ?: parceramosum, and TT: pseudokoningii could be distinguished. Trichoderma reesei was closely related to H. jecorina and more distantly linked to I longibrachiatum, thus the synonymy of T. reesei with T. longibrachiatum was not supported. The possibility that I: reesei is a clonal derivative of H. jecorina is discussed. Strains of Trichoderma citrinoviride were intermingled with Northern Hemisphere strains of H. schweinitzii, suggesting it is the anamorph of that holomorph. Trichoderma pseudokoningii, the type of which was originally derived from ascospores of an Australian collection of H. schweinitzii, clustered with some New Zealand collections of H. schweinitzii, but independently of Northern Hemisphere H. schweinitzii. Trichoderma pseudokoningii may be rare outside of Australasia. No teleomorph could be linked either to I: longibrachiatum or I parceramosum. Four collections of H. schweinitzii from New Zealand (3) and the Andean region of Venezuela formed a discrete group within the cluster that included H. jecorina and H. schweinitzii. There was great homogeneity among strains of H. jecorina from a narrow equatorial band, suggesting continuing gene flow over disjunct regions. C1 ETH ZURICH,GEOBOT INST,CH-8008 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Leuchtmann, Adrian/I-2922-2012 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 88 IS 3 BP 384 EP 394 DI 10.2307/3760879 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA UT087 UT WOS:A1996UT08700006 ER PT J AU Plattner, RD Desjardins, AE Leslie, JF Nelson, PE AF Plattner, RD Desjardins, AE Leslie, JF Nelson, PE TI Identification and characterization of strains of Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A with rare fumonisin production phenotypes SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; Fusarium moniliforme; Gibberella fujikuroi; maize; mycotoxins ID FUSARIUM SECTION LISEOLA; MONILIFORME; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHEMISTRY; CULTURES; CORN AB A survey of 245 strains of Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (anamorph Fusarium moniliforme) isolated primarily from maize and sorghum in North America identified strains with three rare fumonisin production phenotypes. In liquid culture and on a maize solid substrate, several strains produced fumonisin B-2 (FB2) or B-3 (FB3), but not fumonisin B-1 (FB1), suggesting a defect in hydroxylation of C-5 or C-10. Several strains were nonproducers of fumonisins in liquid culture and low producers of fumonisins (0-600 mu g/g FB1, FB2 and FB3) on maize substrate. The heritability of fumonisin production on maize was studied by crossing fumonisin low-producing and non-producing strains with fumonisin high-producing strains. Random ascospore and tetrad progeny were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography for their ability to produce fumonisins on maize substrate. Although most of these crosses were pearly fertile, in one cross the ability to produce high levels of fumonisins segregated as a single gene, designated fum4, or group of closely linked genes. Allelism tests showed that fum4 was linked to, but not allelic with, the fum1 locus that was previously identified in strains of mating population A from Nepal. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. PENN STATE UNIV,FUSARIUM RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Plattner, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 88 IS 3 BP 416 EP 424 DI 10.2307/3760883 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA UT087 UT WOS:A1996UT08700010 ER PT J AU Volk, TJ Burdsall, HH Banik, MT AF Volk, TJ Burdsall, HH Banik, MT TI Armillaria nabsnona, a new species from western North America SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Agaricales; Basidiomycotina; NABS IX; biological species; systematics; Tricholomataceae ID MELLEA; DIFFERENTIATION AB Armillaria nabsnona is characterized morphologically and described as a new species. It is compatible with tester strains of North American biological species (NABS) IX. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products amplified from the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the ribosomal DNA, we also demonstrate an association of cultures of specimens with tester strains of NABS IX. Armillaria nabsnona appears to be restricted to several species of hardwood trees in the states of Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Alaska, and in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Basidiomata have been found in both the fall and spring. RP Volk, TJ (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 88 IS 3 BP 484 EP 491 DI 10.2307/3760888 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA UT087 UT WOS:A1996UT08700015 ER PT J AU Banik, MT Volk, TJ Burdsall, HH AF Banik, MT Volk, TJ Burdsall, HH TI Armillaria species of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state, including confirmation of North American biological species XI SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE distribution; intergenic spacer; intersterility groups; polymerase chain reaction ID IDENTIFICATION; MELLEA AB Forty-eight collections of Armillaria from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State were identified to species using the conventional pairing protocol and/or a polymerase chain reaction-based (PCR) technique utilizing restriction fragment polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of the ribosomal DNA. The PCR-based technique yielded results comparable to those obtained by the conventional pairings. Several restriction patterns not previously reported in North American isolates were found using the enzyme Alu I. Collections from eight different host species were identified as A. ostoyae, A. sinapina, A. nabsnona, A. gallica, or North American biological species (NABS) XI. Armillaria ostoyae, A. sinapina, and A. nabsnona were the most often collected, with the first two occurring predominantly on gymnosperms and the latter mostly on angiosperms. Armillaria gallica and NABS XI were collected rarely and only from angiosperms. This is only the second report of the occurrence of NABS XI. RP Banik, MT (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 88 IS 3 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.2307/3760889 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA UT087 UT WOS:A1996UT08700016 ER PT J AU Leclercq, S Braekman, JC Daloze, D Pasteels, JM VanderMeer, RK AF Leclercq, S Braekman, JC Daloze, D Pasteels, JM VanderMeer, RK TI Biosynthesis of the Solenopsins, venom alkaloids of the fire ants SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article C1 FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,FAC SCI,LAB ANIM & CELLULAR BIOL,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. USDA,LAB MED & VET ENTOMOL RES,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP Leclercq, S (reprint author), FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,FAC SCI,LAB BIOORGAN CHEM CP1607,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD MAY PY 1996 VL 83 IS 5 BP 222 EP 225 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UP975 UT WOS:A1996UP97500005 ER PT J AU Harvey, AE PageDumroese, DS Jurgensen, MF Graham, RT Tonn, JR AF Harvey, AE PageDumroese, DS Jurgensen, MF Graham, RT Tonn, JR TI Site preparation alters biomass, root and ectomycorrhizal development of outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE reforestation; mounding; scalping; plant competition; herbicide; root development; northern Idaho; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus monticola ID ALASKA CLEAR-CUT; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; SOIL; MONTANA; FOREST; REFORESTATION; COLONIZATION; MYCORRHIZAE AB This report documents impacts from manipulations of native forest soils and competing vegetation on development and ectomycorrhizal formation of outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir in the Inland Northwest. Treatments were: 1) mounding surface horizons with competition left in place, 2) mounding surface horizons with subsequent physical or chemical control of competing vegetation, 3) scalping for control of competing vegetation, and 4) a control, or no postharvest disturbance. Treatments were applied on a low-altitude, relatively harsh site and on a higher altitude, more moderate site. With established seedlings, mounding with no competition control generally produced small seedlings (5-15g; both species) with low numbers of ectomycorrhizal short roots (21). Mounding with competition control produced large seedlings (20-48g) with moderate numbers of short roots (25). Scalping produced small seedlings (8-16g) with high numbers of short roots (41). The control also produced small seedlings (8-13g) but with a moderate number of short roots (27). Douglas-fir produced more short roots on the harsh than the moderate site. Western white pine produced high root to shoot ratios (above 0.60) in the mound with competition on the harsh site. Douglas-fir produced very high root to shoot ratios (above 1.0) in both the mound with no competition of the harsh site and in the mound with competition of the moderate site. Throughout, western white pine produced more ectomycorrhizae more rapidly than Douglas-fir. Ectomycorrhizal development and root and shoot weight of both conifers were adversely affected by competing vegetation. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD, HOUGHTON, MI 49931 USA. RP Harvey, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, INTERMT RES STN, 1221 S MAIN ST, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 11 IS 3 BP 255 EP 270 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UV899 UT WOS:A1996UV89900004 ER PT J AU Witmer, GW Sayler, RD Pipas, MJ AF Witmer, GW Sayler, RD Pipas, MJ TI Biology and habitat use of the Mazama pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama) in the Puget Sound area, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAMMALS AB The ecology and distribution of the Mazama pecker gopher is poorly understood and several subspecies are being considered for state and federal protection. We studied Mazama pocket gophers near Olympia, Washington from February-April 1992 and in April 1995 to describe their biology and habitat use as part of a larger assessment of experimental population control methods. Males were significantly larger than females in mass and standard body measurements. Gophers from two sites, Lacey and Olympia, Washington, had similar physical measurements, although gophers near Lacey weighed more and had longer tail and hind foot lengths, while gophers near Olympia had longer ear lengths. Olympia males had longer baculum lengths. The capture of pregnant and lactating females and dual occupancy of some burrows by males and females indicated that breeding activities were underway during this period. There was a nearly 1:1 sex ratio of males to females. Densities were lower (10/ha) near Lacey in an orchard with mowed grass and forb understory and past population control than for an unexploited population at the Olympia site (60/ha), containing a Christmas tree plantation with an understory of orchard grass and the invasive, introduced Scotch broom. Food caches occurred about 53 cm in depth and held about 200-250 g of root cuttings (2,500 g maximum), indicating that gophers in the area fed heavily on thistle and Scotch broom. Pocket gophers reinvaded 22 of 25 (88%) burrow systems within 10 weeks after removal trapping. The conflicting goals of population control to reduce agricultural damage versus protection of rare or threatened pocket gopher subspecies requires better information on taxonomy, distribution, and population status of subspecies. Limited home range sizes (108 m(2) for males; 97 m(2) for females), dependence upon common herbaceous and woody foods, and rapid reinvasion rates suggest that rare subspecies may be readily managed if taxonomic and population issues are clarified. RP Witmer, GW (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,APHIS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UR465 UT WOS:A1996UR46500003 ER PT J AU PageDumroese, DS Harvey, AE Jurgensen, MF Larsen, MJ AF PageDumroese, DS Harvey, AE Jurgensen, MF Larsen, MJ TI Ponderosa pine seedling response to planting-site soil fumigation and fungicide application SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) was used as a biological model to determine the effects of planting site soil fumigation and fungicide applications on stock planted in moderately-fertile soils of the Intermountain West of the United States. Five soil fumigation (Vapam) treatments, singularly and in combination with fungicide (triadimefon) applications, were compared to a control. Growth characteristics, nutrition, and ectomycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. Seedlings were significantly taller in the spring fumigation treatment at the end of four growing seasons. Greatest ectomycorrhizal colonization occurred in the non-fumigated treatment with fungicide applied before planting. Generally, spring or fall fumigation treatments, without fungicide applications, produced the tallest seedlings. These results suggest that soil fumigation applications before outplanting could improve early performance of ponderosa pine when reforesting sites with abundant, native ectomycorrhizal inoculum. It also suggests that if fumigation is impractical, reduction of vegetative competition may give similar growth gains. Elimination of nonnative ectomycorrhizae in the nursery may improve colonization after outplanting. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD, HOUGHTON, MI 49931 USA. RP PageDumroese, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES STN, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UR465 UT WOS:A1996UR46500008 ER PT J AU Thomas, TB Carey, AB AF Thomas, TB Carey, AB TI Endangered, threatened, and sensitive plants of Fort Lewis, Washington: Distribution, mapping, and management recommendations for species conservation. SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The loss of native species and their habitats has increased with urban development, agriculture, and resource utilization. According to the Washington Natural Heritage Program, 20 plants listed as endangered, threatened, or sensitive are suspected to occur on the glacial outwash soils of south Puget Sound. In our study, more than 3,000 ha of prairie, wetland, and moist-forest plant communities were systematically sampled at Fort Lewis, Washington, and rare plant species, their habitats, and associated species were mapped. Four rare species, Aster curtus, Trillium parviflorum, Carex comosa, and C. interrupta, were found. Aster curtus, the most abundant of these four species, attained highest cover and frequency on prairies dominated by Festuca idahoensis, other graminoids, and native forbs. It also was present on some sites dominated by trees or non-native species. Trillium parviflorum was found in moist-forest communities with an overstory of conifers and hardwoods. Carex comosa was found on the margins of two wetlands, and C. interrupta was found growing on a gravel bar of the Nisqually River. Major threats to the four rare species are discussed, and recommendations are made for management of rare plant habitats with the goal of preserving the species. RP Thomas, TB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93D AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98501, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 7 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 70 IS 2 BP 148 EP 163 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UR465 UT WOS:A1996UR46500009 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Matthys, L Shuler, T Korynta, E AF Finley, JW Matthys, L Shuler, T Korynta, E TI Selenium content of foods purchased in North Dakota SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE selenium; foods; North Dakota; beef; grain AB Selenium (Se) concentrations in foods are highly variable, and may reflect Se concentration and availability from the soil in which they were grown. In the present study, Se concentrations were determined for a number of foods and dietary ingredients purchased in North Dakota, an area with high soil se content. Most foods tended to be high in Se, but many, especially corn products, were highly variable. Selenium in beef from North Dakota was much higher than in beef from low Se areas. These results show that average reported values for Se in foodstuffs are unreliable and if an accurate determination of Se intake is needed, Se concentration should be determined for foods consumed. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 12 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 16 IS 5 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1016/0271-5317(96)00062-0 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UH279 UT WOS:A1996UH27900001 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ Wright, JT AF Hausman, GJ Wright, JT TI Ontogeny of the response to thyroxine (T-4) in the porcine fetus: Interrelationships between serum T-4, serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and differentiation of skin and several adipose tissues SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fetus; preadipocyte; differentiation; thyroxine; ontogeny ID FETAL PIG; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FACTOR-I; HORMONE; PROLACTIN; SOWS AB The temporal aspect of thyroxine (T-4) enhanced development of several fetal adipose tissue depots (locations) and skin was examined in the present study. On day 70 of gestation pig fetuses were either hypophysectomized (hyper), hypoxed and implanted with T-4 pellets or left intact (control). Subsequently, fetuses were removed for study at either 73, 75, 80, 85 and 90 days of gestation. Serum levels of T-4 and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were significantly elevated by T-4 after 3 days of treatment and throughout the study. T-4 treatment enhanced development of skin, inner and outer subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue and adipocyte lobules around hair follicles (HFL's) but degree of response and response time were tissue or depot dependent. The T-4 response time was shortest for skin and HFL's, longest for inner SQ and intermediate for the outer SQ. Considering the entire treatment period, magnitude of the T-4 response was much greater for skin and HFL's than for outer and inner SQ tissues. Possibly, these developmental characteristics indicate that T-4 directly influences skin and HFL's and indirectly influences inner SQ adipose tissue by increasing production of a]locally produced adipogenic growth factor. Furthermore, developmental characteristics (morphological) indicated that putative local growth factor mediation of T-4 action may depend on stage of development or maturity of the tissue. IGF-I is clearly the most logical candidate as a putative local mediator of T-4, but evidence at the molecular level is needed to prove this suggestion. Regardless, the particular adipose tissue location or depot is an important aspect of hormone responsiveness during the critical or sensitive period of fetal adipose tissue development. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,RB RUSSELL RES CTR,USDA,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 283 EP 292 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA UH784 UT WOS:A1996UH78400009 PM 8732963 ER PT J AU Murrell, KD Cross, JH Chongsuphajaisddhi, T AF Murrell, KD Cross, JH Chongsuphajaisddhi, T TI The importance of food-borne parasitic zoonoses SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC TROP MED,BANGKOK,THAILAND. SEAMEO TROPMED NETWORK,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP Murrell, KD (reprint author), ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 003,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD MAY PY 1996 VL 12 IS 5 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(96)30004-5 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA UF999 UT WOS:A1996UF99900002 ER PT J AU Knowles, DP AF Knowles, DP TI Control of Babesia equi parasitemia SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; SURFACE PROTEIN; HORSES; BUPARVAQUONE; PIROPLASMS; ANTIBODY AB Infection of houses with the hemoprotozoan Babesia equi has been reported in southern Florida, US Virgin Islands, part of Asia, Russia, India, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Australia, South America, Central America, Mexico, Philippine Islands and some Caribbean islands. The restrictions placed on the international movement of infected horses has refocused attention on potential methods to control or eliminate infection. Don Knowles here discusses the primary chemotherapeutic compounds that have been used; the current knowledge concerning immune responses that potentially contribute to control of the parasite, and the development of infection of severe combined immunodeficient foals as a model to dissect potential mechanisms of immunological control. RP Knowles, DP (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,USDA,AGR RES SERV,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD MAY PY 1996 VL 12 IS 5 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(96)10007-7 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA UF999 UT WOS:A1996UF99900007 PM 15275213 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JC Vaughn, KC AF Hoffman, JC Vaughn, KC TI Flupoxam induces classic club root morphology but is not a mitotic disrupter herbicide SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION; MICROTUBULES; METHACRYLATE AB Flupoxam, an herbicide representative of a powerful new class of herbicides intended for control of broad-leaved weeds in cereals, has been identified as a mitotic disrupter herbicide. Flupoxam was evaluated on watercress seedlings for evidence of antimicrotubule effects characteristic of mitotic disrupter herbicides. At 1 mu M, flupoxam inhibited root elongation and induced club root morphology. However, examination by light microscopy and tubulin immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that flupoxam is not a mitotic disrupter herbicide. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. RP Hoffman, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1006/pest.1996.0034 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA VT606 UT WOS:A1996VT60600006 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JM Jacobs, NJ Duke, SO AF Jacobs, JM Jacobs, NJ Duke, SO TI Protoporphyrinogen destruction by plant extracts and correlation with tolerance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; PORPHYRIN ACCUMULATION; CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS; BARLEY; OXADIAZON; FRACTIONS AB Herbicidal damage by photobleaching diphenylether herbicides is the indirect result of inhibition of an enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis. The substrate of the inhibited enzyme, protoporphyrinogen, accumulates and is subsequently converted to protoporphyrin, a potent photoactive compound which causes light-dependent membrane damage. In the present study, we report characteristics of a factor in the soluble fraction of leaves which can decompose protoporphyrinogen to nonporphyrin products. This process may be important in protecting plants from herbicide damage, since it would interfere with accumulation of the phototoxic porphyrin, protoporphyrin. We found that this protoporphyrinogen destruction is associated with the protein fraction of the soluble leaf homogenate, suggesting its enzymatic nature. Protoporphyrinogen destruction is stable to mild heat, but is eliminated by boiling, Protoporphyrinogen destruction is present in the soluble leaf homonenate but is not localized within the stromal fraction of the chloroplast. The reductants dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol, but not glutathione, inhibit protoporphyrinogen destruction at high concentrations. In contrast, ascorbic acid markedly inhibits destruction even at low concentrations, suggesting a role for cellular ascorbic acid in protecting protoporphyrinogen from destruction, thereby enhancing herbicide action. Protoporphyrinogen destruction was least active in young cucumber leaves, a plant highly susceptible to herbicides. Higher levels of protoporphyrinogen destruction were found in leaves of broadleaf mustard and radish, two plants exhibiting herbicide tolerance. For cucumber, the extent of destruction increased with the age of the plant. These findings suggest a correlation between increased protoporphyrinogen destruction and herbicide tolerance in some plant species. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP Jacobs, JM (reprint author), DARTMOUTH COLL SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1006/pest.1996.0037 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA VT606 UT WOS:A1996VT60600009 ER PT J AU Oxborough, K Nedbal, L Chylla, RA Whitmarsh, J AF Oxborough, K Nedbal, L Chylla, RA Whitmarsh, J TI Light-dependent modification of photosystem II in spinach leaves SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE electrochromic shift; chlorophyll fluorescence; inactive Photosystem II; light adaptation ID REACTION CENTERS; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; PHOTOINHIBITION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPLASTS; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES; REDUCTION; TURNOVER AB In dark-adapted spinach leaves approximately one third of the Photosystem II (PS II) reaction centers are impaired in their ability to transfer electrons to Photosystem I. Although these 'inactive' PS II centers are capable of reducing the primary quinone acceptor, Q(A), oxidation of Q(A)(-) occurs approximately 1000 times more slowly than at 'active' centers. Previous studies based on dark-adapted leaves show that minimal energy transfer occurs from inactive centers to active centers, indicating that the quantum yield of photosynthesis could be significantly impaired by the presence of inactive centers. The objective of the work described here was to determine the performance of inactive PS II centers in light-adapted leaves. Measurements of PS II activity within leaves did not indicate any increase in the concentration of active PS II centers during light treatments between 10 s and 5 min, showing that inactive centers are not converted to active centers during light treatment. Light-induced modification of inactive PS II centers did occur, however, such that 75% of these centers were unable to sustain stable charge separation. In addition, the maximum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence associated with inactive PS II centers decreased substantially, despite the lack of any overall quenching of the maximum fluorescence yield. The effect of light treatment on inactive centers was reversed in the dark within 10-20 mins. These results indicate that illumination changes inactive PS II centers into a form that quenches fluorescence, but does not allow stable charge separation across the photosynthetic membrane. One possibility is that inactive centers are converted into centers that quench fluorescence by formation of a radical, such as reduced pheophytin or oxidized P680. Alternatively, it is possible that inactive PS II centers are modified such that absorbed excitation energy is dissipated thermally, through electron cycling at the reaction center. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. ARS,USDA,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1007/BF00041015 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VP187 UT WOS:A1996VP18700030 PM 24271305 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL AF Johnson, EL TI Alkaloid content in Erythroxylum coca tissue during reproductive development SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Erythroxylum coca; Erythroxylaceae; alkaloid content; hygrine; tropinone; methyl ecgonine; cuscohygrine; tropacocaine; cocaine; trans-cinnamoylcocaine; cis-cinnamoylcocaine; reproductive tissue ID CINNAMOYLCOCAINE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The content (% dry wt) of eight alkaloids in branch segments with and without flower buds, terminal leaves, and divided flower par ts of Erythroxylum coca var. coca, varied greatly in the different tissues. Cocaine, the principal alkaloid in E. coca, was the most abundant alkaloid in all plant parts analysed. Cuscohygrine was least among the alkaloids, and observed only in leaf tissue. Cocaine content in unopened flower buds, pedicels, perianths and stamens was three times that in immature flower buds; and in pistils of opened flowers, two times that in the immature flower buds. Of all the tissue tested during reproductive development, young leaves at the terminal end of branches contained the most alkaloids. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,WSL BLDG 050,RM 132 BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00864-3 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UF467 UT WOS:A1996UF46700007 ER PT J AU Gonen, L Viterbo, A Cantone, F Staples, RC Mayer, AM AF Gonen, L Viterbo, A Cantone, F Staples, RC Mayer, AM TI Effect of cucurbitacins on mRNA coding for laccase in Botrytis cinerea SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Botrytis cinerea; fungus laccase; mRNA; Northern blots; cucurbitacin AB The effect of cucurbitacin and of Ecballium extract on the formation of mRNA coding for laccase was examined in cultures of Botrytis cinerea grown with inducers of laccase formation, in the presence or absence of the inhibitory compounds. RNA was isolated from the cultures and probed with specific DNA probes for laccase. As an internal control, the RNA was probed for Botrytis beta-tubulin mRNA. From an analysis of the results it is clear that cucurbitacin I and Ecballium extract specifically repress the amount of mRNA coding for laccase. This could account for the previously observed repression of laccase formation by cucurbitacins. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT BOT,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 2 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00988-4 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UM593 UT WOS:A1996UM59300011 PM 8688171 ER PT J AU Griesbach, RJ Kamo, KK AF Griesbach, RJ Kamo, KK TI The effect of induced polyploidy on the flavonols of Petunia 'Mitchell' SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Petunia hybrida; Solanaceae; flower colour; autopolyploidy; colchicine AB In the flavonol biosynthetic pathway of Petunia 'Mitchell', polyploidy has a differential effect increasing the relative concentration of the major metabolite quercetin-3-sophoroside and decreasing the relative concentration of the minor metabolite quercetin-3,7-diglucoside. It has no effect on the total concentration or on the concentration of the other four minor flavonols. RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANT RES,BLDG 010A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 12 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1996 VL 42 IS 2 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00893-4 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UM593 UT WOS:A1996UM59300019 ER PT J AU Davis, JR Huisman, OC Westermann, DT Hafez, SL Everson, DO Sorensen, LH Schneider, AT AF Davis, JR Huisman, OC Westermann, DT Hafez, SL Everson, DO Sorensen, LH Schneider, AT TI Effects of green manures on Verticillium wilt of potato SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cropping relationships; early dying suppression; increased yield and quality; nutritional relationships ID COLLETOTRICHUM-COCCODES; TUBER YIELD; DAHLIAE; COLONIZATION; IRRIGATION; TISSUE; SOIL AB Two field studies were conducted to investigate the effects of green manure treatments on Verticillium wilt of potato (cv. Russet Burbank) caused by Verticillium dahliae. Each study involved the use of a sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense 'Monarch') green manure treat ment and a fallow treatment for either 2 or 3 years prior to growing potato. In addition to sudangrass, comparisons also were made with several green manure treatments, including Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum 'Austrian winter'), two cultivars of rape (Brassica napus var. napus 'Dwarf Essex' and 'Bridger'), rye (Secale cereale), oat (Avena sativa 'Monida'), and corn (Zea mays 'Jubilee'). Verticillium wilt of potato was best controlled after green manure treatments of either sudangrass or corn; after these treatments, yields were increased above all other treatments. Wilt was most severe when potato followed the fallow treatment and intermediate following rape, Austrian winter pea, oat, and rye. Wilt incidence was positively correlated with V. dahliae colonization in apical stems but was not significantly related to other pathogens (Pratylenchus neglectus, Colletotrichum coccodes, Rhizoctonia solani Ag-3) or to effects of green manure treatments on preplant nutritional effects of N, P, or K. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. UNIV IDAHO,RES & EXTENS CTR,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,PARMA,ID 83660. UNIV IDAHO,DIV STAT,MOSCOW,ID 83844. RP Davis, JR (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,RES & EXTENS CTR,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 42 TC 114 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1996 VL 86 IS 5 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1094/Phyto-86-444 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UJ483 UT WOS:A1996UJ48300003 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, W AF Janisiewicz, W TI Ecological diversity, niche overlap, and coexistence of antagonists used in developing mixtures for biocontrol of postharvest diseases of apples SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM FO47; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BLUE MOLD; CHEMICAL CONTROL; PEARS; FRUITS AB A method was developed to select antagonists to be combined in mixtures that controlled blue mold of apple better than individual antagonists alone. Microorganisms selected for these mixtures were isolated from exposed apple tissue at weekly intervals over 5 weeks before harvest. The isolated microorganisms were classified and grouped into various nutritional clusters on the basis of their utilization of 95 carbon sources in Biolog plates using MicroLog and MLCLUST programs, respectively. Yeasts dominated isolations on nutrient yeast-dextrose agar at all isolation times. Bacteria were isolated only occasionally. Isolates were screened for their ability to control blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on Golden Delicious apple fruit. The most promising antagonists from different clusters were paired in subsequent tests to control blue mold, with preference given to antagonists colonizing the same fruit, secondly to those colonizing different fruit, but isolated at the same time, and finally to those colonizing different fruit at different times of isolation. Among 21 yeast antagonists tested in 13 combinations, four combinations were superior to individual antagonists. In a more extensive test, control of blue mold by a combination of antagonist isolates T5-D3 and T5-E2 was consistently superior to the individual isolates. Nutritional profiles of these antagonists, based on utilization of 35 carbon and 33 nitrogen sources, revealed significant differences in carbon catabolism. These differences caused niche differentiation and allowed populations of both antagonists to flourish in the same wound. De Wit replacement series revealed a high level of coexistence between the two antagonists. This was further confirmed by the relative yield that was close to unity at all antagonist proportions tested. Combining antagonists on the basis of niche differentiation was an effective method of improving control of postharvest blue mold, and probably also for other pre- and postharvest diseases. RP Janisiewicz, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 41 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1996 VL 86 IS 5 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1094/Phyto-86-473 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UJ483 UT WOS:A1996UJ48300007 ER PT J AU Garbelotto, M Ratcliff, A Bruns, TD Cobb, FW Otrosina, WJ AF Garbelotto, M Ratcliff, A Bruns, TD Cobb, FW Otrosina, WJ TI Use of taxon-specific competitive-priming PCR to study host specificity, hybridization, and intergroup gene flow in intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; PRIMERS; FUNGI AB Two intersterility groups (ISGs) of the forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum are found in California: S and P. We devised a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method called taxon-specific competitive-priming (TSCP) PCR to differentiate the two ISGs. Using TSCP-PCR, we typed 537 live isolates and dry basidiocarps from 204 trees and 114 stumps from 60 sites in eight California national forests. All isolates from fir and sequoia stumps or trees were S; isolates from pine stumps were 80% S and 20% P; isolates from pine, incense cedar, and western juniper trees were 23% S and 77% P. The recovery of a well-established hybrid ''SP'' genet in a pine center was confirmed by isozyme analysis. The PCR amplification of the mitochondrial ML5-ML6 region also was diagnostic for the two ISGs, but in areas where both fir and pine mortality centers were present, about 7% of S isolates yielded the P-specific fragment. These results indicate the possibility of gene flow in nature between the two ISGs. The presence of S isolates on trees previously regarded as exclusive P hosts broadens the potential host range of this ISG. C1 US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES LAB, USDA, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. US FOREST SERV, FOREST SCI LAB, INST TREE ROOT BIOL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP Garbelotto, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1996 VL 86 IS 5 BP 543 EP 551 DI 10.1094/Phyto-86-543 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UJ483 UT WOS:A1996UJ48300018 ER PT J AU Ritchey, KD Korcak, RF Feldhake, CM Baligar, VC Clark, RB AF Ritchey, KD Korcak, RF Feldhake, CM Baligar, VC Clark, RB TI Calcium sulfate or coal combustion by-product spread on the soil surface to reduce evaporation, mitigate subsoil acidity and improve plant growth SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE aluminium toxicity; evaporation retardation; fly ash; gypsum; soil acidity; Sorghum bicolor AB Removal of sulfur dioxide from hue gas produced by coal-burning power plants has increased the availability of by-products that may be useful as soil amendments for agriculture. We studied the effects of surface layers (caps) of fluidized bed combustion residue-fly ash mixture (FBCR-FA) or calcium sulfate on reduction of evaporative water losses and improvements in subsurface acid soil chemical characteristics. Caps 3.8 cm thick of porous FBCR-FA, hydrated commercial calcium sulfate (CCS), or soil (check) were placed on columns of coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Umbric Dystrochrept soil of pH 4.2. After the addition of 40 cm of water during a 16-week period, mean daily water loss from the column with the FBCR-FA cap was 0.51 mm compared to 0.98 mm in the check. Mean increase in soil exchangeable Ca in the 5- to 40-cm depth for the CCS treatment was 0.83 cmol(c) kg(-1) and mean pH (H2O) increase was 0.21 units. Mean KCl-extractable Al decreased from 6.08 to 5.52 cmol(c) kg(-1). Roots of sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) planted in the columns after removal of the caps reached 2 cm depth in the control, 18 cm in the FBCR-FA and 38 cm in the CCS treated columns after 47 days of growth. The gypsum cap was effective in improving deep rooting in acid soils and the FBCR-FA cap reduced evaporative water losses. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Ritchey, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1996 VL 182 IS 2 BP 209 EP 219 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VW631 UT WOS:A1996VW63100004 ER PT J AU Jones, DL Kochian, LV AF Jones, DL Kochian, LV TI Aluminium-organic acid interactions in acid soils .1. Effect of root-derived organic acids on the kinetics of Al dissolution SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE aluminium; citrate; dissolution; rhizosphere; toxicity ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; WHEAT; MOBILIZATION; RHIZOSPHERE; TOLERANCE; APICES AB A study was undertaken to quantify the rates of aluminum release in an acid soil (pH 4.40) which was known to produce differential growth responses to Al in Al-resistant and sensitive wheat cultivars which are characterized by differences in root organic acid exudation. Soil columns were leached with artificial soil solutions containing no Al in the presence or absence of citrate for periods of up to 12 days. The Al release rates could be resolved into two dissolution phases: A fast release phase for Al was attributed to the cation exchangeable pool while a second slower phase was attributable to the dissolution of readily weatherable minerals. Citrate increased the dissolution rates two fold in comparison to experiments performed without citrate. It was concluded that for rhizosphere considerations, the total releasable Al pool was finite in size and constituted approximately 2% of the soil's total Al reserves. This pool was not increased markedly in the presence of citrate. It was concluded that citrate not only complexed Al in solution but also complexed Al directly from the mineral phase. From experimental Al release rates, it was deduced that only the soil solution and exchangeable Al pools were responsible for Al rhizotoxicity and that organic acids exuded from the root probably provide an efficient mechanism for excluding Al from the root. Empirical equations were also constructed to describe Al dissolution from the two release pools for use in soil Al flux models. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), UNIV COLL N WALES,SCH AGR & FOREST SCI,BANGOR LL57 2UW,GWYNEDD,WALES. RI Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011; OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 18 TC 43 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1996 VL 182 IS 2 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VW631 UT WOS:A1996VW63100005 ER PT J AU Jones, DL Prabowo, AM Kochian, LV AF Jones, DL Prabowo, AM Kochian, LV TI Aluminium-organic acid interactions in acid soils .2. Influence of solid phase sorption on organic acid-Al complexation and Al rhizotoxicity SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE aluminium; chemistry; malate; organic acids; rhizosphere ID ROOT APICES; MALIC-ACID; RHIZOSPHERE; TOLERANCE; MALATE; WHEAT; EXCRETION; PHOSPHATE; EFFLUX AB Malic acid has been implicated as an inducible root mechanism for the detoxification of rhizotoxic Al. The chemical reactions of malate were therefore investigated in four acid soils ranging in pH from 4.30 to 5.00. All the soils behaved similarly, with malate predominantly complexing Al in solution in favor of other metal cations (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca and Mg). Comparison of experimental extraction results with theoretical predictions made using Geochem-PC showed a similar agreement, indicating that the behavior of Al and malate in soil was similar to their behavior in an ideal solution. Competitive anion sorption studies with synthetic Fe and Al(OH)(3(s)) gels showed similar sorption sites for phosphate, citrate and malate, however, malate was weakly sorped in comparison to phosphate and citrate. Sorption was little affected by solution pH. Malate sorption did not appear to be largely influenced by metal complexation in soils; however, sorption onto Fe and AI(OH)3 gels was markedly reduced in the presence of complexing metal cations. The implications of these results in understanding the role of malate exudation from the root in Al detoxification in the rhizosphere are discussed. C1 BRAWIJAYA UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,MALANG,INDONESIA. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), UNIV COLL N WALES,SCH AGR & FOREST SCI,BANGOR LL57 2UW,GWYNEDD,WALES. RI Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1996 VL 182 IS 2 BP 229 EP 237 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VW631 UT WOS:A1996VW63100006 ER PT J AU Jones, DL Prabowo, AM Kochian, LV AF Jones, DL Prabowo, AM Kochian, LV TI Kinetics of malate transport and decomposition in acid soils and isolated bacterial populations: The effect of microorganisms on root exudation of malate under Al stress SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE aluminium; bacteria; breakdown; malate; microbial biomass; rhizosphere ID SUCCINATE TRANSPORT; ALUMINUM-TOLERANCE; RHIZOSPHERE; RHIZOBIUM; CITRATE; IRON; BIODEGRADATION; APICES; MAIZE AB The kinetics and characteristics of malate degradation were studied in four acid soils ranging in both pH (4.30 to 5.00) and vegetation type. The breakdown of malate was rapid in all soils with a half life of approximately 1.7 h, K-m of 1.7 mM and V-max of 70 nmol g(-1) soil h(-1). No relationship was observed between malate decomposition rate and pH. Co-metabolism studies with other C and N substrates (glucose, glycine, glutamate, citrate and succinate) indicated that the microorganisms were not N limited and competitive inhibition of malate breakdown was only observed in the presence of succinate. Studies with isolated mixed bacterial cultures indicated that the bacterial malate uptake was mediated by an energy dependent, dicarboxylate transporter which can be inhibited by succinate and is independent of pH between pH 5.0 and 7.0. The K-m and V-max parameters ranged from 279-955 mu M and 0.1-17 mu mol mg(-1) protein h(-1) for the mixed bacterial cultures depending on the bacteria's previous C source. The results indicate that in acid topsoils where microbial populations are high, the microbes may provide a considerable sink for organic acids. If organic acids are being released by roots in response to an environmental stress (e.g. Al toxicity, P deficiency) it can be expected that the efficiency of these root mediated metal resistance mechanisms will be markedly reduced by rapid microbial degradation. C1 BRAWIJAYA UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,MALANG,INDONESIA. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), UNIV COLL N WALES,SCH AGR & FOREST SCI,BANGOR LL57 2UW,GWYNEDD,WALES. RI Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011; OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 32 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1996 VL 182 IS 2 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VW631 UT WOS:A1996VW63100007 ER PT J AU Wagner, D Koloszvari, M Quail, PH AF Wagner, D Koloszvari, M Quail, PH TI Two small spatially distinct regions of phytochrome B are required for efficient signaling rates SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; OAT PHYTOCHROME; TERMINAL DOMAIN; DEFICIENT; LIGHT; TOBACCO; PROTEIN; MUTANTS; OVEREXPRESSION AB We used a series of in vitro-generated deletion and amino acid substitution derivatives of phytochrome B (phyB) expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis to identify regions of the molecule important for biological activity. Expression of the chromophore-bearing N-terminal domain of phyB alone resulted in a fully photoactive, monomeric molecule lacking normal regulatory activity. Expression of the C-terminal domain alone resulted in a photoinactive, dimeric molecule, also lacking normal activity. Thus, both domains are necessary, but neither is sufficient for phyB activity. Deletion of a small region on each major domain (residues 6 to 57 and 652 to 712, respectively) was shown to compromise phyB activity differentially without interfering with spectral activity or dimerization. Deletion of residues 6 to 57 caused a large increase in the fluence rate of continuous red light (Rc) required for maximal seedling responsiveness, indicating a marked decrease in efficiency of light signal perception or processing per mole of mutant phyB. In contrast, deletion of residues 652 to 712 resulted in a photoreceptor that retained saturation of seedling responsiveness to Rc at low fluence rates but at a response level much below the maximal response elicited by the parent molecule. This deletion apparently reduces the maximal biological activity per mole of phyB without a major decrease in efficiency of signal perception, thus suggesting disruption of a process downstream of signal perception. In addition, certain phyB constructs caused dominant negative interference with endogenous phyA activity in continuous far-red light, suggesting that the two photoreceptors may share reaction partners. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. OI Wagner, Doris/0000-0003-4656-2490 NR 40 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAY PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 859 EP 871 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA UP109 UT WOS:A1996UP10900011 ER PT J AU Robinson, DL Pathirana, SM Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Robinson, DL Pathirana, SM Gantt, JS Vance, CP TI Immunogold localization of nodule-enhanced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in alfalfa SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Medicago sativa L; alfalfa; Leguminosae; lucerne; root nodules; symbiotic nitrogen fixation ID SOYBEAN ROOT-NODULES; CARBON-DIOXIDE FIXATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; INEFFECTIVE NODULES; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; CO2 FIXATION; PLANT; EXPRESSION AB Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) plays a paramount role in providing carbon fur synthesis of malate and aspartate in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root nodules, PEPC protein and activity levels are highly enhanced in N-2-fixing alfalfa nodules. To ascertain the relationship between the cellular location of PEPC and root nodule metabolism, enzyme localization was evaluated by immunogold cytochemistry using alfalfa nodule PEPC antibodies, Gold labelling patterns in effective nodules showed that PEPC is a cytosolic enzyme and is distributed relatively equally in infected and uninfected cells of the nodule symbiotic zone, A high amount of labelling was also observed in pericycle cells of the nodule vascular system, Labelling was also detected within inner cortical cells, but the density was reduced by 60%. When Lotus corniculatus was transformed with a chimeric gene consisting of the 5-'upstream region of the PEPC gene fused to beta-glucuronidase (GUS), GUS staining in nodules was consistent with immunogold localization patterns, The occurrence of PEPC in both infected and uninfected cells of the symbiotic zone of effective nodules coupled to the reduced amounts in ineffective nodules suggests a direct role for this enzyme in supporting N-2-fixation. PEPC localization in the uninfected, interstitial cells of the symbiotic zone indicates that these cells may also have a role in nodule carbon metabolism, Moreover, the association of PEPC with the nodule vascular system implies a role for the enzyme in the transport of assimilates to and from the shoot. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA,ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. BELLARMINE COLL,DEPT BIOL,LOUISVILLE,KY 40205. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 19 IS 5 BP 602 EP 608 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00394.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UL148 UT WOS:A1996UL14800012 ER PT J AU Cheng, M Jarret, RL Li, ZJ Xing, AQ Demski, JW AF Cheng, M Jarret, RL Li, ZJ Xing, AQ Demski, JW TI Production of fertile transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DNA TRANSFER; TRANSFORMATION; GENE; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER AB Fertile transgenic plants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. New Mexico Valencia A) were produced using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system, Leaf section explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector pBI121 containing the genes for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII). Approximately 10% of the shoots regenerated on selection medium were GUS-positive. Five independent transformation events resulted in the production of 52 fertile transgenic peanut plants. On average, 240 d were required between seed germination for explant preparation and the production of mature T-1 seed by T-0 plants, Molecular analysis of transgenic plants confirmed the stable integration of the transgenes into the peanut genome. GUS expression segregated in a 3:1 Mendelian ratio in most T-1 generation plants. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. ARS,USDA,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 32 TC 68 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAY PY 1996 VL 15 IS 9 BP 653 EP 657 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UK263 UT WOS:A1996UK26300001 PM 24178604 ER PT J AU Sinclair, WA Griffiths, HM Davis, RE AF Sinclair, WA Griffiths, HM Davis, RE TI Ash yellows and lilac witches'-broom: Phytoplasmal diseases of concern in forestry and horticulture SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; WHITE ASH; 16S RDNA; DECLINE; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Ash yellows (Ash Y) and lilac witches' - broom (LWB) are diseases of Fraxinus and Syringa species, respectively, believed to be caused by phytoplasmas (formerly called mycoplasmalike organisms). Ash Y and LWB in highly susceptible taxa are characterized by slow growth, progressive loss of vitality, dieback, and premature death (Figs. 1 and 2). These diseases are considered together in this article because evidence indicates they are caused by the same pathogen. Knowledge of Ash Y and LWB has accumulated primarily since 1983, but enough is now known for these diseases to serve together as a model for tentative understanding of lesser known phytoplasmal diseases of trees and shrubs in forests and horticultural landscapes. Objectives of this article are to summarize information about Ash Y and LWB, relate this information to knowledge of other phytoplasmal diseases of perennial plants, and identify needs for further research. Fraxinus and Syringa are closely related genera in the Oleaceae. Some ash species in Europe and North America are commercially important for wood products, including furniture, tool handles, and baseball bats; and some species are planted in horticultural landscapes (Fig. 2A). Three of the 12 North American species, white ash (F. americana), green ash (F. pennsylvanica), and velvet ash (F. velutina), receive emphasis in this article. Lilacs are flowering shrubs or small trees grown in temperate regions for their fragrant acid attractive floral displays in spring. Lilac and ash taxa are generally graft-compatible, and some cultivars of lilac have been grown on ash rootstocks. C1 USDA ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Sinclair, WA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 IS 5 BP 468 EP 475 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UG156 UT WOS:A1996UG15600001 ER PT J AU Eversmeyer, MG Kramer, CL AF Eversmeyer, MG Kramer, CL TI Modeling winter and early spring survival of Puccinia recondita in wheat nurseries during 1980 to 1993 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE modeling; Triticum aestivum ID LEAF RUST AB Survival of Puccinia recondita inoculum between wheat crops is critical to the occurrence of severe leaf rust epidemics, which result in economic yield reductions in the Great Plains wheat-producing region of the U.S. Meteorological variables occurring prior to spring green-up of the wheat crop during 1980 to 1993 at Manhattan, KS, were used to model survival of inoculum throughout the winter and early spring in wheat nurseries. Stepwise multiple regression techniques were used to determine those weather variables that explained the most variation in levels of inoculum surviving on 15 March. Inoculum levels were recorded on a 0 to 9 scale with 0 indicating no inoculum survival and 9 indicating inoculum on all plants. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures, fungal temperature equivalence function, precipitation and snow cover, cumulative precipitation and fungal temperature function, and daily deviations from the 10-year average of those variables were averaged for 10-day periods prior to a date of prediction and used as independent variables. Models that explained 99% of the variation in overwintering with five or six variables were developed for the fifteenth of each month from December through March. Models for December, January, and February used five of the same variables, but the minimum temperature deviation used in the December model was replaced by the January rainfall deviation in the January and February models. The model for March used a different set of temperature variables and included daily deviations in snow cover for December and February to explain a significant portion of the overwintering of P. recondita inoculum. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Eversmeyer, MG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 IS 5 BP 490 EP 493 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UG156 UT WOS:A1996UG15600005 ER PT J AU PioRibeiro, G Winter, S Jarret, RL Demski, JW Hamilton, RI AF PioRibeiro, G Winter, S Jarret, RL Demski, JW Hamilton, RI TI Detection of sweet potato virus disease-associated closterovirus in a sweet potato accession in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NIGERIA; RNA AB A closterovirus (sweet potato virus disease-associated closterovirus [SPVD-aC]) that, in association with sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV), causes the Nigerian sweet potato virus disease (SPVD), was detected in sweet potato (Ipomoea serosa) following grafting of infected scions of sweet potato cv. White Bunch, an accession in the USDA sweet potato repository. Confirmation of infection with SPVD-aC was by a riboprobe hybridization assay specific for the viral RNA coupled with chemiluminescent detection of the bound RNA, and SPFMV was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a specific antiserum. This is the first report of SPVD-aC and of SPVD in sweet potato in North America. Use of the riboprobe hybridization assay should facilitate a more rapid detection of SPVD-aC infected sweet potato and subsequent selection of virus-free germ plasm for international exchange. C1 AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,PACIFIC AGR RES CTR,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1X2,CANADA. UNIV FED RURAL PERNAMBUCO,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 IS 5 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UG156 UT WOS:A1996UG15600016 ER PT J AU Sheta, W AF Sheta, W TI Detection of Cladosporium uredinicola in pustules of chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana). SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article RP Sheta, W (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,PPQ 9317,TRADEPORT DR,ORLANDO,FL 32733, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 80 IS 5 BP 599 EP 599 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UG156 UT WOS:A1996UG15600025 ER PT J AU Jansen, MAK Gaba, V Greenberg, BM Mattoo, AK Edelman, M AF Jansen, MAK Gaba, V Greenberg, BM Mattoo, AK Edelman, M TI Low threshold levels of ultraviolet-B in a background of photosynthetically active radiation trigger rapid degradation of the D2 protein of photosystem-II SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REACTION CENTER POLYPEPTIDES; BRASSICA-NAPUS L; INVIVO DEGRADATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; HIGHER-PLANTS; SITE; TURNOVER; D1; PHOTOINHIBITION; IDENTIFICATION AB The photosystem II reaction centre has at its core a heterodimer made up of two proteins, D1 and D2. The D1 protein is known to be rapidly degraded by photosynthetically active radiation while the D2 protein is relatively stable. This paper reports that when the aquatic higher plant, Spirodela was exposed to ultraviolet B radiation, D2 degradation accelerated markedly and half life times approached those of the D1 protein. Moreover, in the presence of an environmentally relevant background of photosynthetically active radiation, low fluxes of ultraviolet-B (but not ultraviolet-A) radiation synergistically stimulated degradation of the D2 protein within functional reaction centres. Thus, above a critical threshold, ultraviolet-B specifically targets the D1-D2 heterodimer for accelerated degradation. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT PLANT PHYSIOL,6703 BD WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT VIROL,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT BIOL,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA. ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Jansen, MAK (reprint author), WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT PLANT GENET,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011; Strid, Ake/E-5309-2012; OI Strid, Ake/0000-0003-3315-8835; Jansen, Marcel/0000-0003-2014-5859 NR 50 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 9 IS 5 BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.9050693.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UL798 UT WOS:A1996UL79800011 ER PT J AU Fox, TC Shaff, JE Grusak, MA Norvell, WA Chen, Y Chaney, RL Kochian, LV AF Fox, TC Shaff, JE Grusak, MA Norvell, WA Chen, Y Chaney, RL Kochian, LV TI Direct measurement of Fe-59-labeled Fe2+ influx in roots of pea using a chelator buffer system to control free Fe2+ in solution SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON UPTAKE; REDUCTION; DEFICIENCY; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM AB Fe2+ transport in plants has been difficult to quantify because of the inability to control Fe2+ activity in aerated solutions and nonspecific binding of Fe to cell walls. In this study, a Fe(II)-3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4'4''-disulfonic acid buffer system was used to control free Fe2+ in uptake solutions. Additionally, desorption methodologies were developed to adequately remove nonspecifically bound Fe from the root apoplasm. This enabled us to quantify unidirectional Fe2+ influx via radiotracer (Fe-59) uptake in roots of pea (Pisum sativum cv Sparkle) and its single gene mutant brz, an Fe hyperaccumulator. Fe influx into roots was dramatically inhibited by low temperature, indicating that the measured Fe accumulation in these roots was due to true influx across the plasma membrane rather than nonspecific binding to the root apoplasm. Both Fe2+ influx and Fe translocation to the shoots were stimulated by Fe deficiency in Sparkle. Additionally, brz, a mutant that constitutively exhibits high ferric reductase activity, exhibited higher Fe2+ influx rates than +Fe-grown Sparkle. These results suggest that either Fe deficiency triggers the induction of the Fe2+ transporter or that the enhanced ferric reductase activity somehow stimulates the activity of the existing Fe2+ transport protein. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Fox, TC (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 21 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UK843 UT WOS:A1996UK84300009 ER PT J AU Buitink, J WaltersVertucci, C Hoekstra, FA Leprince, O AF Buitink, J WaltersVertucci, C Hoekstra, FA Leprince, O TI Calorimetric properties of dehydrating pollen - Analysis of a desiccation-tolerant and an intolerant species SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; LIQUID-NITROGEN; SEED STORAGE; WATER; SUCROSE; STATE; TEMPERATURES; MEMBRANE; LIPIDS; CORN AB The physical state of water in the desiccation-tolerant pollen of Typha latifolia L. and the desiccation-sensitive pollen of Zea mays L. was studied using differential scanning calorimetry in an attempt to further unravel the complex mechanisms of desiccation tolerance. Melting transitions of water were not observed at water content (wc) values less than 0.21 (T. latifolia) and 0.26 (Z. mays)g H2O/g dry weight. At moisture levels at which melting transitions were not observable, water properties could be characterized by changes in heat capacity. Three hydration regions could be distinguished with the defining we values changing as a function of temperature. Shifts in baseline power resembling second-order transitions were observed in both species and were interpreted as glass-to-liquid transitions, the glass-transition temperatures being dependent on we. Irrespective of the extent of desiccation tolerance, both pollens exhibited similar state diagrams. The viability of maize pollen at room temperature decreased gradually with the removal of the unfrozen water fraction. In maize, viability was completely lost before grains were sufficiently dried to enter into a glassy state. Apparently, the glassy state per se cannot provide desiccation tolerance. From the existing data, we conclude that, although no major differences in the physical behavior of water could be distinguished between desiccation-tolerant and -intolerant pollens, the physiological response to the loss of water varies between the two pollen types. C1 USDA ARS, NATL SEED STORAGE LAB, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN, DEPT PLANT PHYSIOL, 6703 BD WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS. NR 52 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UK843 UT WOS:A1996UK84300025 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Siler, DJ AF Cornish, K Siler, DJ TI Characterization of cis-prenyl transferase activity localised in a buoyant fraction of rubber particles from Ficus elastica latex SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cis-1,4-polyisoprene; cis-prenyl transferase; natural rubber; rubber particles; rubber transferase; Ficus elastica; Hevea brasiliensis ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; GUAYULE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PRENYLTRANSFERASE; PURIFICATION; POLYISOPRENE; PROTEINS AB We investigated rubber biosynthesis in Ficus elastica, a latex-producing plant species. Rubber particles were purified and enzyme activity was assayed by following the incorporation of radiolabel, from C-14-isopentenyl diphosphate, into newly synthesised rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene). We characterised the rubber particle-bound F. elastica cis-prenyl transferase (rubber transferase), and describe the association of the active enzyme with a buoyant fraction of latex rubber particles. Also, we provide experimental data that may explain how isolated F. elastica rubber particles were mistakenly believed to be enzymatically inert. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013; Moussa, Luciana /M-2257-2013 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 34 IS 3 BP 377 EP 384 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UL522 UT WOS:A1996UL52200007 ER PT J AU Giardi, MT Cona, A Geiken, B Kucera, T Masojidek, J Mattoo, AK AF Giardi, MT Cona, A Geiken, B Kucera, T Masojidek, J Mattoo, AK TI Long-term drought stress induces structural and functional reorganization of photosystem II SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE D1 protein (turnover, modification); drought; high irradiance; photosystem II (core phosphorylation); Pisum sativum (drought stress); stress syndrome ID CORE PHOSPHORYLATION HETEROGENEITY; HERBICIDE-BINDING; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PHOTOINHIBITION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN; LIGHT; WATER; LEAVES; TURNOVER AB Long-term drought stress on photosystem II (PSII) was studied in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings. Drought stress (reduction of water content by 35-80%) led to a considerable depletion of the PSII core, and the remaining PSII complex appeared to be functional and reorganized, with a unit size (LHCP/PSII core) twofold greater than that of well-irrigated plants. By immunoblotting analysis of the PSII proteins from grana and stroma lamellae, the enhanced degradation of CP43 and D1 proteins was observed in water-stressed plants. Also, water stress caused increased phosphorylation of the PSII core and increased D1 protein synthesis. Water-stress-mediated increase in D1 synthesis did not occur when plants were exposed to photoinhibitory light. The depletion of the PSII core was essentially reversed when water-stressed plants grown at low visible irradiance were watered. We suggest that the syndrome caused by the effect of long-term water stress on photosynthesis is a combination of at least two events: a reduction in the number of active PSII centres caused by a physical destabilization of the PSII core and a PSII reorganization with enhanced D1 turnover to counteract the core depletion. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CHARLES UNIV,DEPT BIOL,PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. INST MICROBIOL,CR-37981 TREBON,CZECH REPUBLIC. RP Giardi, MT (reprint author), CNR,BEV,ITALIAN NATL COUNCIL RES,AREA RIC ROMA,VIA SALARIA KM 293,I-00016 MONTEROTONDO,ITALY. RI Kucera, Tomas/E-9981-2011; Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011; OI Kucera, Tomas/0000-0001-7214-9494; Giardi, Maria Teresa/0000-0002-7401-5905 NR 48 TC 112 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 1996 VL 199 IS 1 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1007/BF00196888 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UH035 UT WOS:A1996UH03500015 ER PT J AU Smith, EJ Cheng, HH Vallejo, RL AF Smith, EJ Cheng, HH Vallejo, RL TI Mapping functional chicken genes: An alternative approach SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polymorphisms; polymerase chain reaction; mismatched primers; genetic mapping ID GENOME; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; SEQUENCE; MARKERS; REPEAT; DNA AB Functional genes were selected for linkage analysis mapping using the East Lansing (EL) reference population {[Jungle Fowl (JF) x White Leghorn (WL)] x WL}. The approach used was based on the identification of DNA sequence polymorphisms in the introns of those genes found in JF and WL. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis revealed single base substitutions in introns of six Type I marker genes: adenylate kinase 1 (AK1), aldolase B (ALDOB), a lysosomal membrane protein gene (LAMP1), vitellogenin 2 (VTG2), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), and creatine kinase B (CKB). Transitions or transversions were found in introns of AK1, ALDOB, LAMP1, VTG2, APOA1, and CKB. A transversion in the intron of the JF allele of AK1 generated a unique BspHI cleavage site. The design of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the site of base substitution led to the specific amplification of the JF allele in the remaining five genes. A size polymorphism in the PCR production derived from iron response element binding protein (IREBP) distinguished the JF from the WL allele. Linkage analysis of the EL reference population revealed that these candidate genes were located in the following EL linkage groups (E) or chromosomes (Chrom) of the chicken genome: AK1 (E41), VTG2 (E43), APOA1 (E49), CKB (E07), LAMP1 (EO1), ALDOB (Chrom Z), and IREBP (Chrom Z). Provided that a base substitution can be found in the parents of the reference population, this PCR-based approach can be used to map any cloned candidate gene. This approach will lead to further information on synteny of the chicken genome with cognate genes of mammalian species. RP Smith, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 75 IS 5 BP 642 EP 647 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UH318 UT WOS:A1996UH31800010 PM 8722913 ER PT J AU Young, LL Northcutt, JK Lyon, CE AF Young, LL Northcutt, JK Lyon, CE TI Effect of stunning time and polyphosphates on quality of cooked chicken breast meat SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stunning; polyphosphate; meat color; pinking; meat quality ID SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE; PH; TENDERNESS; CHLORIDE; PRERIGOR; MUSCLE; COLOR AB The objective of this research was to determine effects of stunning duration and polyphosphates on color, pH, and texture of chicken breast meat. Sixty broiler chickens were electrically stunned for 2 to 10 s in 2-s intervals and then slaughtered. Left and right Pectoralis major muscles were excised 1 h postmortem. The left muscles (treated) were treated with a sodium tripolyphosphate salt solution, and the right muscles (controls) were treated with a salt solution alone. All muscles were cooked to an endpoint temperature of 72 C in a 95 C water bath. Measurements of muscle pH were taken on the meat 1 h post-mortem, after treating, and after cooking. Color values and Warner-Bratzler shear values were evaluated on each cooked meat sample. As stunning time increased, pH increased at Ih postmortem but treating with either of the solutions eliminated this trend. Muscle pH also increased upon cooking except in the polyphosphate-treated muscles, because the latter muscles achieved maximum pH prior to cooking. Stunning had no apparent effect on color values of the cooked meat; however, polyphosphate treatment resulted in meat that was darker and less red than controls. Longer stunning times resulted in greater shear values but polyphosphates did not affect Warner-Bratzler results. Taken together, these data suggest that processing variables that affect muscle pH also affect quality attributes. RP Young, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 75 IS 5 BP 677 EP 681 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UH318 UT WOS:A1996UH31800015 PM 8722918 ER PT J AU Xu, M Proudman, JA Pitts, GR Wong, EA Foster, DN ElHalawani, ME AF Xu, M Proudman, JA Pitts, GR Wong, EA Foster, DN ElHalawani, ME TI Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates prolactin mRNA expression in turkey pituitary cells: Effects of dopaminergic drugs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RIBONUCLEIC-ACID LEVELS; MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO; MESSENGER-RNA; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; POLYPEPTIDE VIP; GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-HORMONE; FEMALE TURKEY; RELEASE; SECRETION AB It is well documented that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor and that dopamine (DA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in avian species, However, the roles of VIP and DA in the regulation of PRL gene expression are unclear, In this study, primary anterior pituitary cells cultured from laying turkeys were utilized to investigate the influence of VIP and dopaminergic D-1 and D-2 receptors on PRL secretion, PRL mRNA, and PRL synthesis, Incubation of pituitary cells with VIP increased PRL secretion up to 3.5-fold within 3 hr, Prolactin mRNA was undetectable during the first 2 hr of pituitary cell treatment; thereafter, the PRL mRNA content response to VIP increased within 24-48 h (P < 0.05), Total PRL content (media + cellular) increased over time in the presence of VIP, The response of cells incubated in the presence of a dopaminergic D-1 receptor agonist (SKF38393) was variable and inconclusive, However, cells incubated with a dopaminergic D-2 receptor agonist (quinpirole) inhibited VIP-induced PRL secretion (P < 0.05) and PRL mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in a dose-related fashion without effect on the basal levels of PRL release and PRL mRNA, These observations suggest that VIP, in addition to acting as a PRL-releasing peptide, also plays a role in the regulation of PRL gene expression, Moreover, the results of this study also indicate that a drug that can selectively stimulate dopamine D-2 receptors can also regulate PRL secretion and PRL mRNA in turkey pituitary cells in culture. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 59 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 212 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA UG751 UT WOS:A1996UG75100007 PM 8618952 ER PT J AU McGruder, ED Kogut, MH Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Hargis, BM AF McGruder, ED Kogut, MH Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Hargis, BM TI Characterisation of colony-stimulating activity in the avian T cell-derived factor, Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON; INFECTION; DEFENSE; MICE; CSF AB This investigation was designed to characterise the specific cytokine activity from the conditioned medium of concanavalin A-stimulated avian T cells derived from Salmonella enteritidis-immune chickens, S enteritidis-immune lymphokine (ILK). Studies were designed to determine first, whether colony-stimulating activity was present in ILK, second, the type(s) of colonies from the bone marrow that were supported in vitro by the potential colony-stimulating factors in ILK and, third, whether colony-stimulating activity was present in serum from chicks treated with ILK and challenged with S enteritidis, and to use physicochemical treatment as a means of identifying the potential colony-stimulating factor(s) in ILK. Both ILK alone and serum from chicks treated with ILK and challenged with S enteritidis caused significant increases in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) from the bone marrow in vitro. After 10 days of incubation, ILK alone supported the in vitro growth of granulocytic bone marrow colonies. The colony-stimulating activity from serum derived from chicks treated with ILK and challenged with S enteritidis peaked two hours after the challenge. When ILK was either heated at 100 degrees C or treated with trypsin or acid and then injected into chicks, all the chicks responded with significant increases in circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). However, when assayed for in vitro colony-stimulating activity, only trypsinisation destroyed the activity in ILK. The results indicate that a colony-stimulating factor which preferentially supported the growth of granulocytic bone marrow colonies was present in ILK and that the factor was stable to heat and acid but sensitive to trypsin. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0034-5288(96)90043-0 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UL797 UT WOS:A1996UL79700006 PM 8735511 ER PT J AU Schloman, WW Wyzgoski, F McIntyre, D Cornish, K Siler, DJ AF Schloman, WW Wyzgoski, F McIntyre, D Cornish, K Siler, DJ TI Characterization and performance testing of guayule latex SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUBBER AB Physical and biological properties were determined for a preliminary production run of low-ammonia latex from guayule (GR latex). GR latex, and dipped films produced from compounded GR latex, contain none of the Hevea allergens known to elicit Type I systemic allergic reactions. The polymer phase of GR latex has a lower bulk viscosity and a higher resin content than that of NR. In addition, GR latex serum and rubber lack the activating components present in NR latex. As a result, GR latex cures more slowly and reaches a lower slate of cure. The aged stress-strain properties of cured GR films are nonetheless similar to those of NR films. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Schloman, WW (reprint author), UNIV AKRON,MAURICE MORTON INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325, USA. RI Moussa, Luciana /M-2257-2013 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 69 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.5254/1.3538366 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA UU229 UT WOS:A1996UU22900006 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK AF Ehlenfeldt, MK TI Sequential style removal in highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L: Effects on fertilization success and seed germination SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; pollen competition; seed set; germination ID POTATOES AB Plants of the blueberry cultivar Bluecrop were pollinated with pollen from the cultivars Sierra and Duke under controlled conditions. After pollination, styles were removed at 6 h intervals from 1.25 days to 4.00 days. An increase in the number of developed seed was seen across time, ranging from I seed per fruit (s/f) at 1.25 days, to a peak of 63.4 s/f at 3.25 days in 1992, and from 0.1 s/f at 1.25 days to 56.0 s/f at 3.75 days in 1993. Germination tests of 200-seed seedlots of BluecropxSierra exhibited a significant trend toward earlier germination by seed from earlier style removal times. Seed weight measured in the cross BluecropxDuke, however, showed decreasing weights with longer style removal times, suggesting that seed size may time of germination. A multiple regression of seed size and stylar removal time against time of germination showed that style removal time was the only significant source of variation for germination time. Results suggest that pollen vigor, as reflected in the speed of growth down the style, may have a direct bearing on characteristics of the seed and subsequent plant. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUTGERS BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,LAKE OSWEGO RD,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA UP602 UT WOS:A1996UP60200007 ER PT J AU Fajemisin, B Ganskopp, D Cruz, R Vavra, M AF Fajemisin, B Ganskopp, D Cruz, R Vavra, M TI Potential for woody plant control by Spanish goats in the sagebrush steppe SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biological control; sagebrush; juniper; forage selection; grazing behavior; nutrition; forage quality ID BEHAVIOR; OREGON; SHEEP AB The botanical composition of the diet of eight Spanish goats was studied on the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range during two stages of plant phenology (active growth in early July and cured forage in mid-August) to assess their potential for control of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subspp. wyomingensis Nutt.) and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) and the nutritional value of their diets on sagebrush steppe rangelands. Diets were quantified by documenting the number of visits to each species, the number of bites harvested and time expended grazing each forage over four consecutive days in each period, Forage chemical characteristics evaluated included: CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and IVDMD. Diet composition and forage quality indices varied significantly (P<0.05) with changes in plant phenology. Vegetation cover averaged 52% in the pasture and consisted of 36% grasses, 8% forbs, 7% shrubs and 0.6% trees. Available herbage (excluding woody plants) was 534 kg ha(-1) during active growth trials and 572 kg ha(-1) when forages had cured. When Forages were green goats acquired 28% of their total bites from grasses, 71% from forbs, 0.3% from shrubs and 0.9% from juniper trees. After forages had cured values were 35% from grasses, 56% from forbs, 0.1% from shrubs and 8.8% from juniper. The browsing of juniper (both foliage and bark), alter herbaceous forages had cured, was the only substantive use of woody plants. Sagebrush was only lightly used (0.2% of total bites) when herbaceous forages were actively growing. Available herbage was of relatively high quality during both trials. When forages were actively growing, CP of grasses ranged between 8.9-5.6%, forbs from 17.7-8.5%, sagebrush scored at 8.5%, juniper foliage at 8.1% and juniper bark at 3.2%. After herbaceous forages had cured, grass CPs ranged between 6.2 and 3.1%; forbs from 10.4 to 4.4%; shrubs were not sampled; and juniper foliage averaged 7.6%. Given the low levels of browsing exhibited by goats on sagebrush and juniper we see little opportunity for control of these woody plants when pastures provide a diverse (n = 25 species) array of readily available (534-572 kg ha(-1)) and nutritious forages and pastures are lightly stocked (0.63 goats ha(-1) month(-1)). We do need, however, to explore further their potential for control of these species under several other regimes. These include: extended trials on more deteriorated rangelands; trials during seasons or conditions where forage is limited and the animal's selective opportunity is restricted; and trials in high quality environments on newly established sagebrush and juniper seedlings. C1 ARS,USDA,BURNS,OR 97720. AHMADU BELLO UNIV,NATL ANIM PROD RES INST,ZARIA,NIGERIA. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97731. EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,BURNS,OR 97720. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00798-9 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UG594 UT WOS:A1996UG59400001 ER PT J AU Sakul, H Snowder, GD Hemenway, KJ AF Sakul, H Snowder, GD Hemenway, KJ TI Evaluation of techniques for correction of entropion in lambs SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lamb; entropion; management; ophthalmia AB Purebred and crossbred lambs exhibiting signs of entropic eyelids with varying levels of severity were treated by four different treatment techniques. Of the 274 entropic eyes, a vast majority (83.9%) was treated adequately by one of the four treatment techniques. Excision was the most efficacious method (92.4%), followed by injection (84.3%), pinching (78.9%) and wound clip (66.7%). Only 3.7% of the cases treated with excision required retreatment. However, the percentage of overcorrection was the highest (17.1%) with this technique, mainly due to variation among technicians administering the treatments. It was observed that there was a large between-breed variation, and certain rams sired most of the entropic progenies within some breeds. The possible inherited nature of entropion is being studied in this flock and will be reported separately. In conclusion, frequency of retreatment and overcorrection, as well as suitability of these techniques to general management practices in a flock, should be considered before choosing the appropriate technique. RP Sakul, H (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00797-0 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA UG594 UT WOS:A1996UG59400014 ER PT J AU Boyer, DG Wright, RJ Feldhake, CM Bligh, DP AF Boyer, DG Wright, RJ Feldhake, CM Bligh, DP TI Soil spatial variability relationships in a steeply sloping acid soil environment SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM AB Management of pastures in steep terrain can be expensive in terms of time, chemical inputs, and equipment requirements. Management of those portions of pasture that will yield the most for minimum inputs requires a knowledge of the spatial patterns of the soil and atmospheric environments. A steep 2.4-ha unimproved pasture in southern West Virginia was studied to determine the spatial dependency of aboveground biomass production on soil characteristics. The predominant soil of the study site was Gilpin silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludults) with an average A-horizon pH (1:1 H2O) of 4.5 (range 3.8 to 6.1). The study site was broadcast seeded with red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) in 1982, making it the major plant species. However, several other plant species, including orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), broomsedge (Adropogon virginicus L.), velvet grass (Holcus lanatus L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), and wild strawberry (Fragaria virginiana L.), and others were common. Transects were laid out up and down the north-facing, south-facing, and west-facing slopes and one transect was established on the contour for measurement of soil characteristics at a 1-m spacing. Plant aboveground biomass was measured at a 2-m spacing on three of the slope transects and on the contour transect. Although correlation analysis failed to find many statistically significant relationships between biomass production and soil characteristics, cross-semivariogram analyses of biomass production and surface soil pH and extractable Al, Mn, and P indicated that a strong spatial dependency exists. Those relationships were used for identifying homogeneous areas of biomass production and associated soil characteristics by ordinary kriging. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PO BOX 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 161 IS 5 BP 278 EP 287 DI 10.1097/00010694-199605000-00003 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UM382 UT WOS:A1996UM38200003 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD Jaynes, DB AF Logsdon, SD Jaynes, DB TI Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity in a cultivated field at different times SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TENSION INFILTROMETER; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; INFILTRATION; SOIL; MACROPOROSITY; DESIGN AB Farming practices and climatic patterns may alter soil surface hydraulic conductivity (K) both spatially and at different times during a season. This study quantified spatial variability and spatial dependence of ponded and tension K measurements in a cultivated held at different times. Paired small-base infiltrometers (76-mm diameter) were used at four pressure heads (5, -30, -60, and -150 mm) to measure K across a transect four times during one and a half growing seasons (1-2 July 1991, 12-13 Aug. 1991, 29-30 Apr. 1992, and 28-29 May 1992). A natural log transformation best normalized ponded K data, but In(K + 1) was better for the tension data. Periodicity was apparent for K at a head (h) of -150 mm, with a significant period of 46 m for July 1991, 147 m for April 1992, and 96 m for May 1992. The periods for the three dates may be three different harmonics. The July periodicity was consistent with expected wheel traffic patterns from the previous harvest; K measurements would have coincided with wheel tracks every 46 m for the July 1991 measurement date. Periodicity for other dates had no apparent cause. For ponded K, only within-pair data were spatially correlated (0.6-0.8 m). At a head of -150 mm, K values were spatially correlated over distances of 6.6, 16.8, and 0.6 m for the measurements of July 1991, April 1992, and May 1992, respectively. Correlation distances were intermediate for K--30 and K--60. Since spatial correlation and periodicity varied with measurement date, one set of transect measurements was not adequate to describe spatial variability of K. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 28 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 703 EP 709 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900001 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Timlin, D Varallyay, G AF Pachepsky, YA Timlin, D Varallyay, G TI Artificial neural networks to estimate soil water retention from easily measurable data SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Indirect estimation of soil water retention from easily measurable data of soil surveys is needed to extend the applicability of hydrological models. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are becoming a common tool for modeling complex ''input-output'' dependencies. The objective of this work was to compare the accuracy of ANN and statistical regressions for water retention estimation from texture and bulk density. We used data on water contents at eight matric potentials for 130 Haplustoll and 100 Aquic Ustoll soil samples. Although the differences were not always statistically significant, ANN predicted water contents at selected matric potentials better than regression. The performances of ANN and regressions were comparable when van Genuchten's equation was fitted to data for each sample, and parameters of this equation were estimated from texture and bulk density. The precision of parameter estimations was lower than the precision of estimating water contents at a given soil water potential with both ANN and regressions. Grouping samples by horizons improved the precision of the estimates, especially in subsoil. Because they can mimic natural ''many inputs-many outputs'' relationships, ANN may be useful in the estimation of soil hydraulic properties from easily measurable soil data. C1 USDA ARS, SYST RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. INST SOIL SCI & AGROCHEM, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), DUKE UNIV, DURHAM, NC 27608 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 17 TC 161 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 727 EP 733 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900005 ER PT J AU Huang, CH Bradford, JM Laflen, JM AF Huang, CH Bradford, JM Laflen, JM TI Evaluation of the detachment-transport coupling concept in the WEEP rill erosion equation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The rill erosion equation in the current Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model is based on the coupled detachment and transport processes concept proposed by Foster and Meyer in 1972. The first-order detachment-transport coupling states that the rill detachment rate, D-r, is proportional to the difference between transport capacity, T-c, and sediment load, q(s): D-r = alpha (T-c - q(s)), where alpha is a rate control constant. A held experiment was designed to examine the validity of this model. Flow channels, 0.2 m wide, with clear water introduced at the upslope end were used in the study. Sediment delivery from different channel lengths and inflow rates was measured. Data were collected for three soils: Russell silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf), Saybrook silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudoll), and Sharpsburg silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Results showed that rill detachment and transport are not coupled processes. In the upper reach of a channel, q(s) is limited by a soil-dependent detachment rate. For longer channels, transport capacity controls the sediment delivery. Experimental data supported the Meyer and Wischmeier model concept, in which detachment and transport processes are separated and sediment delivery is limited to the lesser of the two. A slight modification to the Meyer and Wischmeier concept is the inclusion of an ''overshoot'' situation (i.e., q(s) > T-c) when the sediment regime is shifted from a detachment-dominated to a transport-dominated condition. Additional work is required to expand the database to develop a validated rill detachment and transport model. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA,ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP Huang, CH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,1196 SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 8 TC 44 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 734 EP 739 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900006 ER PT J AU Healy, RW Striegl, RG Russell, TF Hutchinson, GL Livingston, GP AF Healy, RW Striegl, RG Russell, TF Hutchinson, GL Livingston, GP TI Numerical evaluation of static-chamber measurements of soil-atmosphere gas exchange: Identification of physical processes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; FIELD MEASUREMENT; FLUX; TRANSPORT; N2O AB The exchange of gases between soil and atmosphere is an important process that affects atmospheric chemistry and therefore climate. The static-chamber method is the most commonly used technique for estimating the rate of that exchange. We examined the method under hypothetical field conditions where diffusion was the only mechanism for gas transport and the atmosphere outside the chamber was maintained at a fixed concentration. Analytical and numerical solutions to the soil gas diffusion equation in one and three dimensions demonstrated that gas flux density to a static chamber deployed on the soil surface was less in magnitude than the ambient exchange rate in the absence of the chamber. This discrepancy, which increased with chamber deployment time and air-filled porosity of soil, is attributed to two physical factors: distortion of the soil gas concentration gradient (the magnitude was decreased in the vertical component and increased in the radial component) and the slow transport rate of diffusion relative to mixing within the chamber. Instantaneous flux density to a chamber decreased continuously with time; steepest decreases occurred so quickly following deployment and in response to such slight changes in mean chamber headspace concentration that they would likely go undetected by most field procedures. Adverse influences of these factors were reduced by mixing the chamber headspace, minimizing deployment time, maximizing the height and radius of the chamber, and pushing the rim of the chamber into the soil. Nonlinear models were superior to a linear regression model for estimating flux densities from mean headspace concentrations, suggesting that linearity of headspace concentration with time was not necessarily a good indicator of measurement accuracy. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT MATH, DENVER, CO 80217 USA. USDA ARS, NPA, NAT RESOURCES RES CTR, SOIL PLANT NUTR RES UNIT, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, DIV EARTH SCI, JOHNSON CONTROLS WORLD SERV, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP Healy, RW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DIV WATER RESOURCES, MS 413, BOX 25046, LAKEWOOD, CO 80215 USA. NR 29 TC 165 Z9 172 U1 9 U2 66 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 740 EP 747 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900007 ER PT J AU Mallants, D Vanclooster, M Toride, N Vanderborght, J vanGenuchten, MT Feyen, J AF Mallants, D Vanclooster, M Toride, N Vanderborght, J vanGenuchten, MT Feyen, J TI Comparison of three methods to calibrate TDR for monitoring solute movement in undisturbed soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT AB Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is rapidly becoming a popular method for measuring solute concentrations in the laboratory as well as in the field. Success or failure of TDR to represent solute resident concentrations depends on the accuracy of the invoked calibration. In this study, we compared three commonly used calibration methods that relate the impedance, Z(0) as measured with TDR, to the solute concentration such as the inlet concentration, C-0. The comparison was carried out using solute transport data obtained from 1-m-long, 0.3-m-diam. undisturbed saturated soil columns. The first method comprised the application of a long enough solute pulse such that the concentration in a soil column became equal to the input concentration. The second method involved numerical integration of the observed response to a tracer pulse input function from which Z(0) could be obtained. The third method determined Z(0) using an independently measured relationship between the impedance and the solute concentration. The three calibration methods gave approximately the same results for the first observation depth at x = 0.05 m. However, the presence of heterogeneous transport processes involving solute diffusion from mobile to immobile water regions predicated the use of excessively long solute pulses in order to equilibrate the entire soil column to the input concentration. The first method hence was useful only for the shallower depths. The second method could be applied throughout the soil profile, provided impedance measurements were made for a reasonable time period, especially in the case of nonequilibrium transport. The procedure using an independently measured Z-C relationship underpredicted Z(0) in about 50% of the cases, presumably because of the use of repacked soil in the calibration. C1 SAGA UNIV,DEPT AGR SCI,SAGA 840,JAPAN. USDA,ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP Mallants, D (reprint author), KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,INST LAND & WATER MANAGEMENT,VITAL DECOSTERST 102,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. RI Mallants, Dirk/A-5727-2012; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; OI Mallants, Dirk/0000-0001-7282-1981; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Vanderborght, Jan/0000-0001-7381-3211 NR 14 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 747 EP 754 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900008 ER PT J AU Radcliffe, DE Tillotson, PM Hendrix, PF West, LT Box, JE Tollner, EW AF Radcliffe, DE Tillotson, PM Hendrix, PF West, LT Box, JE Tollner, EW TI Anion transport in a piedmont ultisol .1. Field-scale parameters SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SOIL; DISPERSION; PESTICIDE; FLOW AB Tile drains have been suggested as a method of measuring held-scale transport parameters, but lateral how to the drains in the saturated zone can introduce error in the measurement of unsaturated zone parameters. Our objective was to use a two-layer transfer function model to determine held-scale unsaturated zone transport parameters from tile drain breakthrough curves measured in two 12.5 by 30.5 m plots. Plots were irrigated to steady-state tile drain flow, Cl was added as a tracer, and irrigation was continued for up to 600 h, The first layer of the transfer function model consisted of the unsaturated zone and was described by the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) probability density function (pdf). The second layer consisted of the saturated zone and was described by the gamma distribution pdf. The CDE parameters were determined from a fit of the two layer model to the drainage pdf in each tile drain. Transport parameters were similar for the two plots. Mean field-scale dispersivity (lambda) for the unsaturated zone (0-20 cm) was 5.3 cm for Plot 1 and 3.4 cm for Plot 2. This was much less than lambda calculated for the overall system by moment analysis (lambda = 23.7 and 19.5 cm in Plot 1 and 2, respectively) suggesting that most of the dispersion of the tile drain breakthrough curves was due to lateral how in the saturated zone. This illustrates that tile drain breakthrough curves can be used to determine field-scale unsaturated zone transport parameters provided a model is used that accounts for two-dimensional flow in the saturated zone. C1 DUPONT CO INC,AGR PROD,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Radcliffe, DE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 755 EP 761 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900009 ER PT J AU Stahl, PD Parkin, TB AF Stahl, PD Parkin, TB TI Microbial production of volatile organic compounds in soil microcosms SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL; METABOLITES; INDICATORS; BACTERIAL; BIOMASS; GROWTH AB A study was conducted to evaluate the use of volatile organic microbial metabolites, particularly geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, as indicators of activity of specific groups of microorganisms (actinomycetes, bacteria, or fungi) in soil. Substrates and selective antibiotics were added to soil microcosms to establish different soil microbial communities; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace atmosphere of the microcosms were collected by purge-and-trap methods and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Treatments differed in total amount of VOCs produced, numbers and kinds of VOCs detected, and in temporal patterns of VOC production. The greatest total amount of VOCs and largest number of different VOCs were produced in the treatment with greatest actinomycetal and bacterial activity, followed by the treatment dominated by fungal activity. Geosmin was occasionally detected in small amounts but only in microcosms with substantial activity of all three groups of microorganisms (actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi). 2-Methylisoborneol was regularly detected in significant amounts but only in the treatment dominated by actinomycetes and bacteria. Terpenes were the VOCs produced in greatest quantity in the treatment with the most fungal activity. Results indicate that VOCs from soil may provide information as to the nature of the soil microbial community; however, relating the structure of the microbial community to soil VOC emissions is complicated because VOCs present in natural soils may be derived from a variety of sources and their production is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Stahl, PD (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,POB 3354,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 33 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 821 EP 828 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900018 ER PT J AU Qian, JH Doran, JW AF Qian, JH Doran, JW TI Available carbon released from crop roots during growth as determined by carbon-13 natural abundance SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-GROWTH; SOIL BIOMASS; PLANTS; RHIZOSPHERE AB Quantifying plant contributions to root-zone available C during the growing season is important for better understanding of microbial professes regulating N cycling. However, it is difficult to determine root-derived available C under conditions that better reflect plant growth in the field, We proposed an approach using C-13 natural abundance in soil with a history of C-3 vegetation, which is planted to a C-4 plant, to estimate the contribution of C-4 root-derived C to soil microbial biomass by measuring the delta(13)C change in microbial biomass C during crop growth. In a pilot greenhouse study using this approach with large-diameter (30.5 cm) repacked soil cores, we estimated that 48 and 121 kg C ha(-1) of root-derived available C was produced, which accounted for 16 and 13% of total C-4-C entering the soil during 5 and 10 wk growth of corn (Zea mays L.), respectively. Similarly, 88, 283, and 402 kg C ha(-1) of root-derived available C from corn were estimated at 4, 8, and 16 wk, respectively, in a repeated experiment. Thus, the C-13 natural abundance signals in microbial biomass can provide a practical and reliable way to assess available C released from plant roots during growth. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 828 EP 831 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900019 ER PT J AU Pote, DH Daniel, TC Sharpley, AN Moore, PA Edwards, DR Nichols, DJ AF Pote, DH Daniel, TC Sharpley, AN Moore, PA Edwards, DR Nichols, DJ TI Relating extractable soil phosphorus to phosphorus losses in runoff SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Phosphorus in agricultural runoff can cause accelerated lake and stream eutrophication. Where producers have applied P at rates exceeding crop uptake, soil P has sometimes become the main source of P in runoff. We hypothesized that soil test P (STP) correlation to dissolved reactive P (DRP) and bioavailable P (BAP) in runoff varies, depending on the extraction method. To investigate which STP extraction method would be best for predicting DRP and BAP concentration and load in runoff, soil samples were taken from the 0- to 2-cm depth of 54 grass plots (5% slopes) on Captina silt loam (fine-silty, siliceous, mesic Typic Fragiudult). The STP was extracted by six methods and the ranges of results (mg kg(-1)) were: 54-490 (Mehlich III), 27-592 (Bray-Kurtz P1), 25-169 (Olsen), 14-110 (distilled water), 23-170 (Fe oxide paper), and 105-1131 (acidified ammonium oxalate). The soil P saturation ranged from 16 to 80%. Simulated rain was applied at 100 mm h(-1) and runoff was collected for 30 min. The concentration of DRP in total runoff ranged from 0.31 to 1.81 mg L(-1), and BAP from 0.37 to 2.18 mg L(-1). The r(2) values for STP by each extraction method correlated with runoff DRP and BAP, respectively, were: 0.72 and 0.72 (Mehlich III), 0.75 and 0.73 (Bray-Kurtz P1), 0.72 and 0.72 (Olsen), 0.82 and 0.82 (distilled water), 0.82 and 0.82 (iron oxide paper), 0.85 and 0.82 (acidified ammonium oxalate), and 0.77 and 0.76 (P-saturation). All correlations were significant (P < 0.001), but the high r(2) values of those obtained from distilled water, iron oxide paper, and acidified ammonium oxalate extractants indicate better precision for predicting DRP and BAP concentrations in runoff. Correlations of STP with DRP load (range: 43.4 to 472.8 g ha(-1)) and BAP load (54.2 to 542.0 g ha(-1)) were not useful (r(2) < 0.18), possibly because runoff volumes were highly variable. C1 USDA ARS,DURANT,OK 74702. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP Pote, DH (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,115 PLANT SCI BLDG,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 26 TC 462 Z9 520 U1 14 U2 87 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 855 EP 859 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900023 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Miller, WP AF Zhang, XC Miller, WP TI Physical and chemical crusting processes affecting runoff and erosion in furrows SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; ROW SIDESLOPES; FLOW; RILL; SIZE AB Surface sealing and soil crusting increase runoff and erosion dramatically on many soils. The rate of this increase may depend on the extent and predominant processes of soil crusting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil crusting processes on infiltration and erosion, particularly rill erosion. Six field plots (3.5 by 0.9 m) with V-shaped furrows with sideslopes of 0.2 m m(-1) and gradients of 0.11 m (m-1) were established on a Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult). Treatments included control, gypsum (surface-applied, 5 Mg ha(-1)), screen cover, and the combination of cover and gypsum, Two consecutive rains at an intensity of 90 mm h(-1) were applied to each treatment, and soil surface was allowed to dry between rains. Statistical analyses showed the main effects of cover and gypsum, as well as their interaction, significantly increased final infiltration rate (FIR) on this soil. During Event 1, FIRs were increased by 26% for either cover or gypsum treatment and by 132% for the combined treatment. Although the effectiveness of all treatments was reduced during Event 2, the combined treatment still showed 56% increase over the control treatment. As a result of runoff reduction, overall soil loss from the two events was reduced by 64, 28, and 88% for the cover, gypsum, and combined treatments, respectively. Minimizing seal formation by either cover or gypsum delayed rill formation and reduced rill erosion to a similar extent, but the combination of the two was much more effective. For this soil, both chemical (dispersion) and physical (raindrop impact) forces, as well as their interaction, are critical in crust and seal formation. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV, USDA ARS, NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 860 EP 865 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900024 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Miller, WP AF Zhang, XC Miller, WP TI Polyacrylamide effect on infiltration and erosion in furrows SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; SOILS AB Surface sealing and crusting are important factors affecting runoff and erosion in many cultivated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low rates of surface-applied anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) on surface sealing and crusting, water infiltration, and soil erosion. A series of experiments was conducted on a Cecil sandy loam soil (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) in ridge-furrow-type held plots (3.5 by 0.92 m). Polyacrylamide solutions containing 1 kg solids m(-3) and 2.5 mol CaSO4 m(-3) were sprayed onto dry soil surfaces at 15 and 30 kg ha(-1) rates with two replicates each. Three simulated rains, 31 min each, were applied at an intensity of 85 mm h(-1) at 2-wk intervals. Final infiltration rates were 30 mm h(-1) for the control treatment for all three rains and were >85 mm h(-1) for the first rain and 45 mm h(-1) for the two following rains for the PAM treatments. Total soil loss of the control was 1.62 kg m(-2) for the first rain, while the average soil loss of the two PAM treatments was only 0.03 kg m(-2). For two subsequent rains, although the differences were narrowed, soil loss from PAM was 48 to 66% less than from the control. The percentage of sediments >0.5 mm in the PAM treatments was 45% greater than in the control, indicating high aggregate stability with PAM addition. The sediment reduction was attributed to the significant reduction of runoff and the prevention of rill formation due to PAM addition. Based on this study, surface application of PAM at a rate of 15 kg ha(-1) controlled surface sealing and crusting and therefore reduced runoff and erosion. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV, USDA ARS, NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. NR 30 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 866 EP 872 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900025 ER PT J AU Kiuchi, M Kaspar, TC Horton, R AF Kiuchi, M Kaspar, TC Horton, R TI Managing soil-water and chemical transport with subsurface flow barriers SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER QUALITY; TILE DRAINAGE; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; FERTILIZATION; PLACEMENT; CORN AB Subsurface water-pow barriers have the potential for reducing NO3-N leaching and may improve fertilizer-use efficiency in cropping systems. This concept was investigated in field lysimeters near Ames, IA, filled with Sparta loamy fine sand (sandy, mixed mesic Entic Hapludoll) in 1989 and 1990. Our objectives were to determine (i) the effects of subsurface water-how barriers on leaching losses of NO3-N and Cl- and on N uptake by corn plants, and (ii) the effects of an absorbent (vermiculite) on the leaching of NO3-N and Cl-. Subsurface water-how barrier treatments were: no barrier (NB), a polyethylene sheet placed above the banded chemicals (PA), a polyethylene sheet placed below the band (PB), and a compacted soil layer formed in situ above the chemicals (CL). In 1989 with corn (Zea mays L.) plants growing in the lysimeters, subsurface barriers delayed and reduced leaching and increased plant N uptake compared with NE. The PA treatment was the most effective, reducing Cl- and NO3-N leaching by 24 and 21%, respectively, and doubling total N in corn shoots compared with NE. The CL treatment reduced anion leaching by 12%, but did not affect total plant N. In 1990, the subsurface barrier treatments were combined with two application methods, solution banding (S) and solution-vermiculite mixture banding (V). Averaged across barrier types, V banding delayed initial breakthrough of Cl- and NO3-N by 1.5 and 2.5 mm, respectively, and reduced the peak anion concentrations by an average of 25% compared with the S banding. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 880 EP 887 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900027 ER PT J AU Bradford, JM Foster, GR AF Bradford, JM Foster, GR TI Interrill soil erosion and slope steepness factors SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAIN INTENSITY; DETACHMENT; IMPACT AB Interrill erosion models assume a constant slope steepness term as a function of slope angle. To test the hypothesis that the slope steepness term varies with antecedent soil moisture and soil texture, we determined the effect of slope steepness on soil loss for five soils from clay to silt loam in texture with wet or dry antecedent soil water contents. Interrill sediment yield (wash), splash detachment, runoff, and sediment size were measured in laboratory erosion pans under simulated 90-min, 72 mm h(-1) rainfall at 9 and 20% slopes. As slope steepness increased, splash decreased for three soil treatments and increased for the other five treatments. Splashed sediment and sediment yield were not correlated. Change in splash with increased slope steepness was correlated (r = 0.96) with change in sediment yield. Mean weight diameter (MWD) of splash was, on the average, about twice the MWD of wash. The MWD of both splash and wash was significantly (r = 0.0001) influenced by soil type and antecedent moisture, but MWD of splash and wash was uncorrelated with amount of splash and wash, respectively. The results emphasize the importance of quantifying terms in erosion equations in relation to specific erosion processes. C1 USDA ARS, OXFORD, MS 38655 USA. RP Bradford, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES UNIT, 2413 E HIGHWAY 83, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 909 EP 915 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900031 ER PT J AU Sharma, PP Gupta, SC Foster, GR AF Sharma, PP Gupta, SC Foster, GR TI Raindrop-induced soil detachment and sediment transport from interrill areas - Reply SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP Sharma, PP (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,LAND RECLAMAT RES CTR,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 953 EP 954 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UK989 UT WOS:A1996UK98900038 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA AF Laszlo, JA TI Preparing an ion exchange resin from sugarcane bagasse to remove reactive dye from wastewater SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE decolorization; ion exchange; reactive dyes; wastewater treatment ID COTTON AB Conventional treatments of wastewater containing reactive dye are either very costly or environmentally unsound. A strong anion-exchange resin can be prepared from sugarcane bagasse, a lignocellulosic byproduct of sugarcane processing, that effectively and inexpensively decolorizes dyehouse wastewater in an environmentally benign manner. Bagasse-derived resin binds hydrolyzed reactive dye with high affinity. The rate of dye binding is inversely proportional to resin particle size. Dye binding is largely unaffected by high salt concentrations. The materials cost (i.e., bagasse plus chemicals) for making the resin is quite low. It may be economically feasible to use the bagasse-derived resin without regeneration, in a batch process, which would provide great flexibility in the wastewater treatment regimen with minimal capital expenditure. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 28 IS 5 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA UK772 UT WOS:A1996UK77200001 ER PT J AU Krowicki, RS Thibodeaux, DP Duckett, KE AF Krowicki, RS Thibodeaux, DP Duckett, KE TI Generating fiber length distribution from the fibrogram SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Theoretical fibrograms were generated from fiber length distributions, and new fiber length distributions were then generated from these theoretical fibrograms for two, three, four, five, and six significant digits using differential and algorithm methods. A minimum of four significant digits of fibrogram data appears to be generally required to generate fiber length distributions for short, medium, and long varieties of measured fibers to closely simulate actual fiber length distributions using either the differential or algorithm method. The algorithm method takes fewer steps to generate a fiber length distribution than the differential method. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL HUMAN ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Krowicki, RS (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 66 IS 5 BP 306 EP 310 DI 10.1177/004051759606600504 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA UG721 UT WOS:A1996UG72100004 ER PT J AU Devey, ME Bell, JC Smith, DN Neale, DB Moran, GF AF Devey, ME Bell, JC Smith, DN Neale, DB Moran, GF TI A genetic linkage map for Pinus radiata based on RFLP, RAPD, and microsatellite markers SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Pinus radiata; genetic linkage map; RFLP; RAPD ID MOLECULAR MARKERS; MAIZE; CONIFERS; GENOMES; TOMATO; RICE; DNA AB A genetic linkage map for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) has been constructed using segregation data from a three-generation outbred pedigree. A total of 208 loci were analyzed including 165 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 41 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 2 microsatellite markers. The markers were assembled into 22 linkage groups of 2 or more loci and covered a total distance of 1382 cM. Thirteen loci were unlinked to any other marker. Of the RFLP loci that were mapped, 93 were detected by loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) cDNA probes that had been previously mapped or evaluated in that species. The remaining 72 RFLP loci were detected by radiata pine probes from a PstI genomic DNA library. Two hundred and eighty RAPD primers were evaluated, and 41 loci which were segregating in a 1:1 ratio were mapped. Two microsatellite markers were also placed on the map. This map and the markers derived from it will have wide applicability to genetic studies in P. radiata and other pine species. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,USDA,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP Devey, ME (reprint author), CSIRO,POB 4008,QUEEN VICTORIA TERRACE,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. RI Bell, John/B-4614-2009 OI Bell, John/0000-0002-0233-9708 NR 34 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 92 IS 6 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.1007/BF00226088 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA UR227 UT WOS:A1996UR22700007 PM 24166390 ER PT J AU Gmitter, FG Xiao, SY Huang, S Hu, XL Garnsey, SM Deng, Z AF Gmitter, FG Xiao, SY Huang, S Hu, XL Garnsey, SM Deng, Z TI A localized linkage map of the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene region SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Citrus L; Poncirus trifoliata L; random amplified polymorphic DNA; bulked segregant analysis; genome mapping ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MOLECULAR-MARKER; RUST RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; SEGREGATION; ISOZYMES; DETECT AB A localized genetic linkage map was developed of the region surrounding the citrus tristeza virus (CTV) resistance gene (designated Ctv) from Poncirus trifoliata L., a sexually compatible Citrus relative. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify potential resistance-associated RAPD fragment markers in four intergeneric backcross families that were segregating for CTV resistance. Eight RAPD fragments were found that were consistently linked to Ctv in the four families. Map distances and locus order were determined with MAPMAKER 3.0, using the results obtained from 59 individuals in the largest family. Also, a consensus map was constructed with JOINMAP 1.3, using pooled results from the four backcross families. Marker orders were identical, except for 1 marker, on these independently developed maps. Family-specific resistance-associated markers were also identified, as were numerous susceptibility-associated markers. The identification of markers tightly linked to Ctv will enable citrus breeders to identify plants likely to be CTV-resistant by indirect, marker-assisted selection, rather than by labor-intensive direct challenge with the pathogen. These markers also provide a basis for future efforts to isolate Ctv for subsequent genetic manipulation. C1 HUAZHONG AGR UNIV, CITRUS RES INST, WUHAN 430070, HUBEI, PEOPLES R CHINA. YUNNAN AGR EXTENS CTR, KUNMING, YUNNAN, PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. RP Gmitter, FG (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC, 700 EXPT STN RD, LAKE ALFRED, FL 33850 USA. RI Xiao, Shunyuan/K-2598-2013 NR 35 TC 80 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 92 IS 6 BP 688 EP 695 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA UR227 UT WOS:A1996UR22700009 PM 24166392 ER PT J AU Meglic, V Staub, JE AF Meglic, V Staub, JE TI Inheritance and linkage relationships of isozyme and morphological loci in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE isozymes; genetic markers; disease resistance; genetic map ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMORPHISM; MARKERS; TOMATO; YIELD; LINES; MAP AB Twenty-one polymorphic and 17 monomorphic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) isozyme loci were identified in 15 enzyme systems. Seven of the polymorphic loci (Ak-2, Ak-3, Fdp-1, Fdp-2, Mpi-1, Pep-gl, and Skdh) had not been described previously Segregation in F-2 and BC families for isozyme and morphological loci demonstrated agreement with the expected 1:2:1 and 1:1 segregation ratio (P<0.01). Nine morp,hological markers were found to be linked to isozyme loci and were integrated to form a map containing four linkage groups spanning 584 cM with a mean linkage distance of approximately 19 cM. Linkage groups (A to D) contain the following loci in genetic order: A psl, Pep-la, B, Per, dm, Pgm, Mpi-1, Idh, Ar, Fdp-1, Ak-2, Pgd-1, Mpi-2 and gl; B lh, Mdh-2, Pep-gl, Pgd-2, Fdp-2, Ccu, Mdh-3, Ak-3, ll, de, F and Mdh-1, and Gr; C cor, Gpi, and Skdh; D Tu and ss. This study detected four new linkages between morphological markers (dm-psl, de-ll, ll-F, and. de-F) and confirmed previously reported linkages, dm-Ar and Tu-ss. The isozyme/morphological map constructed in this study led to a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic relationships between several economically important traits. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,ARS,USDA,VEGETABLE CROPS UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 43 TC 45 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 92 IS 7 BP 865 EP 872 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA UQ055 UT WOS:A1996UQ05500011 PM 24166552 ER PT J AU Koegel, RG Straub, RJ AF Koegel, RG Straub, RJ TI Fractionation of alfalfa for food, feed, biomass, and enzymes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soluble protein; particulate protein; centrifugation; extraction AB Freshly expressed alfalfa juice was fractionated a total of 146 times on 43 different days from 18 June to 13 October 1993 and 76 times on 20 different days from 22 July to 31 August 1994. Seasonal means, maxima, and minima for the yields of various fractions were determined as a fraction of herbage dry matter and/or juice dry matter. In addition to plant maturity, processing variables in the juice conditioning step (treatment to enhance aggregation of particulates) which were evaluated included method of heat addition, treatment temperature, and hold time. For 1993, seasonal mean dry matter yields as a fraction of herbage dry matter were: juice, 18.3%; particulate protein concentrate, 7.5%; and soluble protein concentrate, 2.7%. Yields for immature herbage (bud to early bloom stage) were about 33% higher than the seasonal means. Increase in treatment temperature, up to 45 degrees C and increase in hold time facilitated removal of particulates by centrifugation. The method of heat addition (waterbath, microwave, AC electricity, or pulsed high-voltage DC electricity) did not generally change the yield of soluble protein. C1 USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN, MADISON, WI USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 769 EP 774 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800001 ER PT J AU PerezMunoz, F Colvin, TS AF PerezMunoz, F Colvin, TS TI Continuous grain yield monitoring SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE grain yield; monitor; precision farming; yield monitor; corn yield; site specific management AB Performance of an electronic yield monitor was evaluated in controlled and field environments. Laboratory experiments were conducted with forces applied by a universal testing machine on the grain flow sensor of the yield monitor. The yield monitor was then field tested on a combine on two different row lengths. The yield reported by the monitor in the laboratory was closely related to a calculated yield (r > 0.99). Yield results reported by the monitor in the field for the 100-m-long strips closely agreed with yields based on the amount of grain as determined by scales. When the monitor was used on 20-m rows there was more scatter in the results because of influence of starting and stopping delays as well as isolated pulses of grain out of the combine's grain elevator. The goal of splitting the signal from a yield monitor on a continuously moving combine to provide spot yields within a field was not completely accomplished. Field results reported here and by users indicate that yield mapping with continuous flow monitors is feasible. These results further suggest that yield monitors are mechanically reliable and will provide accurate enough information for producer's yield maps. C1 USDA ARS, NATL SOIL TILTH LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 775 EP 783 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800002 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL Brown, GK AF Peterson, DL Brown, GK TI Mechanical harvester for fresh market quality blueberries SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE mechanical harvester; blueberries; fresh AB An experimental harvester was developed that utilizes a unique shaker, cane dividing and positioning system, and cushioned catching surfaces to harvest blueberries, Field evaluation demonstrated selectivity and recovery as good as a commercial ''rotary'' harvester, but with significantly higher fruit quality. The experimental harvester caused minimal damage to the blueberry canes. C1 USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI. FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,RES & EDUC CTR,LAKE ALFRED,FL. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 823 EP 827 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800008 ER PT J AU Kincaid, DC Solomon, KH Oliphant, JC AF Kincaid, DC Solomon, KH Oliphant, JC TI Drop size distributions for irrigation sprinklers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; sprinklers; drop size ID TERMINAL VELOCITY; NOZZLES; SHAPE; CLOUD AB A set of drop size distribution data is presented covering a wide range of sprinkler types including single nozzle impact sprinklers with straight bore and square nozzles, and sprayheads with various types of deflector plates. Drop sizes were measured by the laser-optical method and comparisons with other types of drop size measurement techniques are presented. Distributions are parameterized with an exponential function, and a method is provided to estimate the parameters given the sprinkler type, nozzle size, and pressure head. C1 CALIF POLYTECH STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO,BIORESOURCE & AGR ENGN DEPT,SAN LUIS OBISPO,CA 93407. CTR IRRIGAT TECHNOL,FRESNO,CA. RP Kincaid, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 17 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 839 EP 845 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800010 ER PT J AU Kincaid, DC AF Kincaid, DC TI Spraydrop kinetic energy from irrigation sprinklers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE energy; irrigation; sprinklers ID DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SPLASH EROSION; INFILTRATION; VELOCITY; RAINFALL; IMPACT AB Information on the drop energy from sprinklers is important for choosing the optimum sprinkler type for a particular soil. Drop size distribution data were collected for different types of sprinklers with various nozzle size-pressure combinations using a laser-optical method. Drop velocities were calculated using a trajectory model. The overall drop energy per unit of applied water was calculated. A method was developed to estimate the kinetic energy for a particular type of sprinkler with a given nozzle size and operating pressure using nozzle size and pressure head as independent variables. The volume mean drop size was found to be a good predictor of overall kinetic energy. With no wind, the overall drop energy varied from about 5 to 25 J/kg. The smooth plate spray head gave the least drop energy, while the single nozzle, impact-type sprinklers gave the greatest. Wind was found to increase drop energy by as much as a factor of three, but nozzle elevation had a small effect on drop energy. RP Kincaid, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 27 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 847 EP 853 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800011 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Nearing, MA Risse, LM McGregor, KC AF Zhang, XC Nearing, MA Risse, LM McGregor, KC TI Evaluation of WEPP runoff and soil loss predictions using natural runoff plot data SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE model validation; soil erosion; soil conservation; erosion modeling; runoff prediction AB Model testing and evaluation are critical to the acceptance of any new prediction tool. This study was conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) hillslope model in predicting runoff and soil loss under cropped conditions. Natural runoff plot data, including 4,124 selected events, 556 plot years, and 34 cropping scenarios, from eight locations were selected The average length of record for the cropping scenarios was about nine years. Several common crops and tillage systems were included. The WEPP input files for soil, slope, climate, and crop management were compiled based on measured data. The coefficient of determination (r(2)) between model-predicted and measured-runoff volumes for optimized Green and Ampt hydraulic conductivity (K-b) was 0.77 for selected events, 0.76 for annual values, and 0.87 for average annual values; the r(2) between predicted and measured soil losses (excluding fallow and corn plots at Bethany, Mo,) was 0.36, 0.60, and 0.85, respectively. Similar predictions of runoff and soil loss were also obtained with WEPP internally estimated K-b values. Runoff and soil loss were slightly overpredicted for small storms and for years with low runoff and soil loss rates, and were underpredicted for large storms and for years with high runoff and soil loss rates. However, average runoff and soil loss rates for different cropping and management systems were adequately predicted. The accuracy and reliability of the predictions were shown to improve from an event to annual to average annual basis. Results of this study show that the WEPP model is a useful tool for predicting runoff and soil loss rates under cropped conditions. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NSERL,1196 SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 15 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 855 EP 863 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800012 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM Lowrance, RR AF Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM Lowrance, RR TI Hydraulic gradients and flow rates of a shallow coastal plain aquifer in a forested riparian buffer SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE riparian forests; riparian buffers; water table levels; hydraulic gradient; aquifer recharge AB Water table gradients were measured and saturated flow rates estimated for a hillslope consisting of a tilled upland field and a downslope riparian forest buffer system located in the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain Tifton-Vidalia Uplands. Three years of water table measurements and estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity were used to evaluate and quantify saturated water flow gradients, directions, and rates. Forest treatments consisting of clear cutting, thinning, and no cutting were examined. The gradient of the water table from the top of the landscape to the bottom varied from 0.9 to 0.2%, less than the 1.5% land slope. The direction of groundwater flow generally followed the land slope. However, during summer months the hydraulic gradient within the forested buffer reversed direction. Water table data indicate the riparian area was saturated from January through March. During this time, flow direction in the shallow aquifer is from the top of the field to the stream bottom. During summer months, high rates of forest evapotranspiration created large water sinks in the shallow subsurface and large local hydraulic gradients. Examination of water table elevations indicates the seasonal water demand of the forest shifts the direction of shallow subsurface aquifer flow. During these periods flow direction within the riparian buffer was from the lowest landscape position to the riparian forest, reversed from winter months. Total subsurface flow within the hillslope was calculated as 35 mm yr(-1), 3% of average annual precipitation. Average groundwater linear velocity was calculated as 1.4 mm h(-1). Evapotranspiration loss was estimated as 67% of average annual precipitation. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 865 EP 871 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800013 ER PT J AU Hanson, GJ AF Hanson, GJ TI Investigating soil strength and stress-strain indices to characterize erodibility SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE erosion; soil; compaction; jet index; cone penetrometer; pocket penetrometer; inconfined compression ID EROSION; MOISTURE; WATER AB Defining the factors that influence the erosion resistance of a soil and developing methods that aid in quantification is important to many aspects of engineering, conservation, and pollution control. In this study, initial soil strength indices and stress-strain characteristics were investigated as potential indicators for characterizing the erosion resistance of two compacted soils. Cone penetrometer, pocket penetrometer, and unconfined compressive strength and stress-strain measurements were obtained as a function of compaction water content percent and dry unit weight. Tests were conducted over a range from 8 to 22% water content and 1.0 to 1.9 Mg/m(3) dry unit weight. Based on the results, initial soil strength alone was not a good indicator of erosion resistance. The measured stress-strain characteristics, however, appeared to have potential in providing useful information on erosion resistance. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 883 EP 890 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800015 ER PT J AU Dunn, GH Dabney, SM AF Dunn, GH Dabney, SM TI Modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia of grass hedge stems SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE bioengineering; biological materials; grass filters; runoff control ID FILTER STRIPS; FLOW; COEFFICIENTS; CHANNELS AB The ability of grass hedges to remain erect where runoff concentrates is critical to their control of ephemeral gully erosion. Hedge resistance to failure depends on the mechanical properties of its stems. We measured moment of inertia (I), modulus of elasticity (E), yield strength (Y), and the bending angle (V) at the elastic limit of stems of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), vetiver (Vetiveria zizaniodes L.), miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis Cv. gracillimus), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacae). The stems were sorted into morphological age groups-vegetative, green internode, and woody internode. Moment of inertia was determined from stem geometry and modulus of elasticity from stem deflection from load increments applied in a cantilever arrangement. Yield strength and bending angle were calculated from the displacement of the stem at the last load increment before the elastic limit was exceeded. Grass internodes had I values between 8 and 272 mm(4). Their modulii of elasticity were between 2.6 and 8.5 GPa, similar to certain plastics, but their yield strengths of 7 to 30 MPa were generally lower than those of the same plastics. The bending angle at the elastic limit for all grasses was between 2 and 8 degrees. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 947 EP 952 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800022 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Kanwar, RS Melvin, SW AF Bjorneberg, DL Kanwar, RS Melvin, SW TI Seasonal changes in flow and nitrate-N loss from subsurface drains SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE subsurface drainage; nitrate-nitrogen; tillage; seasonal changes; bypass flow ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; NUTRIENT LOSSES; WATER-QUALITY; PLOWED SOILS; TILE DRAINS; SYSTEMS; CORN; FERTILIZATION; INFILTRATION AB Subsurface drainage from thirty-six, 0.4-ha plots was monitored for three years (1990 to 1992) from chisel plow, moldboard plow ridge till, and no-till systems with continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations. Data were analyzed in four seasonal stages to determine variations in drain flows and nitrate-N contents in drain effluent. The hypothesis of this study was that differences among tillage systems would change during the monitoring season as rainfall patterns varied and as plots were fertilized and cultivated. Forty-five to 85% of the annual nitrate-N loss through subsurface drainage occurred in the spring and fall when crops were not actively growing. These losses, however, were not significantly different among tillage systems. Relative changes in drain flows and nitrate-N concentrations before and after summer cultivation were similar among the four tillage systems even though no-till and ridge till systems were undisturbed before this time. Nitrate-N losses or concentrations did not increase during the stage following fertilizer application. No-till plots had significantly higher subsurface drain flow than moldboard plow plots only under continuous cent, possibly an effect of reduced yields from long-term no-till continuous corn. Nitrate-N concentrations in drain effluent from moldboard and chisel plow systems, however, were significantly greater than concentrations from no-till and ridge till systems for all crop rotations. Lower nitrate-N concentrations from no-till and ridge till systems may have resulted from greater bypass flow, denitrification, and immobilization under nonplowed systems. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 29 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 961 EP 967 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800024 ER PT J AU Arnold, CD Elliot, WJ AF Arnold, CD Elliot, WJ TI CLIGEN weather generator predictions of seasonal wet and dry spells in Uganda SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE climate assessment; model validation ID EROSION AB Daily precipitation from 20 years of record from highland and central plains sires of Uganda were used to analyze the ability of the CLIGEN weather generator to predict seasonal wet and dry spell lengths. Results indicate that the predicted wet and dry spell probability density functions were not significantly different (P = 0.05) from the observed data for the central plains, lower elevation site. CLIGEN-predicted distributions were found to be significantly different (P = 0.05) for 50% of the probability density functions estimated for the high-elevation site. The monthly precipitation totals and probability estimates were not significantly different (P = 0.05), but CLIGEN appears to have a problem in predicting the precipitation pattern within a month for the high-frequency, low-intensity site. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 969 EP 972 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800025 ER PT J AU Osborn, GS Young, JH Singleton, JA AF Osborn, GS Young, JH Singleton, JA TI Measuring the kinetics of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate within peanut kernels during high temperature drying SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE peanuts; off-flavor; curing; anaerobic respiration AB The concentration of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate was measured in NC 9 peanut kernels during drying. Mature (black class, hull scrape method) and immature (orange class) peanuts were dried at air temperatures of 35 and 40 degrees C. The concentration of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate within the kernel increased during drying. The highest concentrations of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate were observed in immature kernels dried at 40 degrees C. The rate of production of acetaldehyde and ethanol appeared to change in response to the same stimuli. The rate of production of ethyl acetate appeared to be proportional to the simultaneous concentration of ethanol. The concentration of ethanol in immature peanuts dried at 40 degrees C peaked 30 to 40 h into the drying process, then gradually decreased to near predrying levels. The ratio of acetaldehyde-to-ethanol-to-ethyl acetate during the drying process appeared to be a function of drying air temperature, peanut maturity, and peanut kernel moisture content. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Osborn, GS (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1045 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800036 ER PT J AU Nokes, SE Landa, FM Hanson, JD AF Nokes, SE Landa, FM Hanson, JD TI Evaluation of the crop growth component of the root zone water quality model for corn in Ohio SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE crop growth model; biomass; soil water; nitrate; simulation ID NITROGEN AB The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a computer model developed to simulate water, chemical, and biological processes in the root zone of agricultural management systems. As of this writing RZWQM is in the beta-testing phase of development, This article reports on a parameterization and evaluation study performed in Ohio on field corn for the crop growth component of RZWQM. The generic crop growth model in RZWQM had not previously been parameterized or rested on field corn. This article reports the results of such a study. One year of data was used to calibrate RZWQM, and two additional years of data from the same site were used to check the predictions of the model once it was calibrated Crop growth, soil water content, and soil nitrate concentration predictions were compared to observed values collected throughout the growing season at the Ohio Management System Evaluation Area in Piketon, Ohio. The simulation results performed consistently with our expectations of the physical system. Since the generic crop growth model had not previously been tested on simulated field corn growth, we were unsure of its capabilities. For our site, the model was capable of being parameterized with one year's data, and reliably simulated the soil water content, nitrate in the root zone, corn growth, and yield for two other years C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,GPSR,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP Nokes, SE (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,128 AGR ENGN BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1177 EP 1184 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800051 ER PT J AU Kandala, CVK Nelson, SO Lawrence, KC AF Kandala, CVK Nelson, SO Lawrence, KC TI Determining moisture content in small wheat samples by dual-frequency RF impedance sensing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE moisture content; wheat; kernels; measurement ID AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE KERNELS; CORN AB A technique is described for estimating moisture content of small samples of hard red winter wheat (10 to 30 kernels) by impedance measurements at I and 4.5 MHz on a parallel-plate capacitor holding the sample between the plates. The measurement system was calibrated by measurements on samples, ranging from 9 to 20% moisture content, wet basis, from three wheat cultivars grown in 1991 and 1992. Validation measurements were taken for prediction of moisture content of small wheat samples from three different cultivars harvested in 1992. Moisture contents of the small samples were predicted with a five-variable equation involving differences in the real and imaginary components of the complex impedance at the two frequencies. The standard error was 0.9% moisture content. The study established a basis for further development of the rapid, nondestructive method for estimating moisture content of small wheat samples. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. UNIV GEORGIA,RES SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1185 EP 1188 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800052 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Slaughter, DC AF Pearson, TC Slaughter, DC TI Machine vision detection of early split pistachio nuts SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE pistachio nuts; aflatoxin; sorting; machine vision AB Computer vision was used to detect early split lesions on the hull of pistachio nuts. Gray scale intensity profiles were computed across the width of the nut (perpendicular to the suture along the longitudinal axis). If the profile crossed an early split lesion, a deep and narrow valley on the profile at the early split location was observed. profiles were computed every 0.5 mm along the longitudinal axis of the nut and the number of adjacent profiles with deep and narrow valleys was recorded. Early split nuts contained a significantly higher count of these adjacent profiles than normal nuts. Combining unhulled nut cross-sectional area with the adjacent profile data, 100% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts were correctly classified of the total of 180 nuts tested Two devices were developed to convey and orient unhulled pistachio nuts for presentation to a computer vision system. One device, which operated similarly to an ''air hockey'' table, correctly oriented 98% of the early split nuts and 99% of the normal nuts. The other device, which used vibration to convey and orient the nut in a ''V'' trough, correctly oriented 97% of the early split nuts and 98% of the normal nuts. A total sample size of 270 nuts was used to test each orientation device. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1203 EP 1207 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA UU568 UT WOS:A1996UU56800055 ER PT J AU Christensen, AH Quail, PH AF Christensen, AH Quail, PH TI Ubiquitin promoter-based vectors for high-level expression of selectable and/or screenable marker genes in monocotyledonous plants SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gene expression; transgenic monocots; ubiquitin ID TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS; IMMATURE EMBRYOS; RAPID PRODUCTION; PHOTOREGULATION; BOMBARDMENT; PROTOPLASTS; TRANSIENT; PROGENY AB set of plasmids has been constructed utilizing the promoter, 5' untranslated exon, and first intron of the maize ubiquitin (Ubi-l) gene to drive expression of protein coding sequences of choice. Plasmids containing chimaeric genes for ubiquitin-luciferase (Ubi-Luc), ubiquitin-beta-glucuronidase (Ubi-GUS), and ubiquilin-phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (Ubi-bar) have been generated, as well as a construct containing chimaeric genes for both Ubi-GUS and Ubi-bar in a single plasmid. Another construct was generated to allow cloning of protein coding sequences of choice on Bam HI and Bam HI-compatible restriction fragments downstream of the Ubi-l gene fragment. Because the Ubi-l promotor has been shown to be highly active in monocots, these constructs may be useful for generating high-level gene expression of selectable markers to facilitate efficient transformation of monocots, to drive expression of reference reporter genes in studies of gene expression, and to provide expression of biotechnologically important protein products in transgenic plants. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 26 TC 745 Z9 790 U1 5 U2 50 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 5 IS 3 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1007/BF01969712 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UL512 UT WOS:A1996UL51200009 PM 8673150 ER PT J AU Angelov, MN Sung, SJS Doong, RL Harms, WR Kormanik, PP Black, CC AF Angelov, MN Sung, SJS Doong, RL Harms, WR Kormanik, PP Black, CC TI Long- and short-term flooding effects on survival and sink-source relationships of swamp-adapted tree species SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol dehydrogenase; cherrybark oak; flood tolerance; Liquidambar styraciflua; Nyssa sylvatica var biflora; patchy stomata; photosynthesis; Quercus falcata var pagodifolia; Quercus michauxii; sinks; sources; starch; sucrose; swamp chestnut oak; swamp tupelo; sweetgum ID SUCROSE METABOLISM; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; SEEDLINGS; STRESS; ROOTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPONSES; TOLERANCE; PLANTS AB About 95% of swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Walt.) Sarg.) sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) seedlings survived continuous root flooding for more than two years, whereas none of the swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.) and cherrybark oak (Q. falcata var. pagodifolia Ell.) seedlings survived one year of flooding. Death of oak seedlings occurred in phases associated with periods of major vegetative growth, e.g., after bud burst in spring, after summer stem elongation, and during the winter deciduous stage, suggesting that stored reserves and sources were inadequate to maintain the seedlings when vegetative sinks were forming. Additional evidence that flooding induced a source deficiency in oak was that leaves of flooded oak were 65 to 75% smaller than leaves of nonflooded oak. Flooded swamp tupelo seedlings had a normal leaf size and patchy stomatal opening compared with nonflooded seedlings. Flooding caused increases in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) specific activity in taproot cambial tissues and increases in starch concentrations of swamp tupelo seedlings that were reversed when seedlings were removed from flooding. Flooding had little effect on soluble sugar concentrations in swamp tupelo or sweetgum. In the long-term flood-dry-flood treatment, in which all species had survivors, upper canopy leaf photosynthetic rates were higher in all species during the dry period than in nonflooded controls, whereas their starch and soluble sugars concentrations were similar to those of nonflooded controls. Based on seedling survival and the sink-source relationships, the order of flood tolerance was: swamp tupelo > sweetgum > swamp chestnut oak > cherrybark oak. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SO RES STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,CTR FORESTED WETLANDS RES,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SO RES STN,FOREST SERV,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 10 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 16 IS 5 BP 477 EP 484 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UJ717 UT WOS:A1996UJ71700003 ER PT J AU Amaranthus, MP PageDumroese, D Harvey, A Cazares, E Bednar, LF AF Amaranthus, MP PageDumroese, D Harvey, A Cazares, E Bednar, LF TI Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal and estomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER PNW-RP LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; ectomycorrhizae; forest harvest; organic matter; reforestation; root tips; soil compaction; bulk density; western white pine ID DOUGLAS-FIR; WESTERN MONTANA; GROWTH; ECTOMYCORRHIZAE; ECOSYSTEM; SURVIVAL; IMPACT; FUNGI AB Three levels of organic matter removal (bole only; bole and crowns; and bole, crowns, and forest floor) and three levels of mechanical soil compaction (no compaction, moderate compaction, and severe soil compaction) were studied as they influence Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) France) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings following outplanting. Moderate and severe soil compaction significantly reduced nonmycorrhizal root tip abundance on both Douglas-fir and western white pine seedlings (p less than or equal to 0.05). Ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance was significantly reduced on Douglas-fir seedlings in severely compacted areas with bole and crowns and bole, crowns, and forest floor removed. Ectomycorrhizal diversity also was significantly reduced on Douglas-fir seedlings in all severely compacted areas. RP Amaranthus, MP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC NW RES STN, BOX 440, GRANTS PASS, OR 97526 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0882-5165 J9 US FOR SERV R P PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PNW-RP PD MAY PY 1996 IS 494 BP U1 EP + PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UY312 UT WOS:A1996UY31200001 ER PT J AU Ackermann, MR Kehrli, ME Laufer, JA Nusz, LT AF Ackermann, MR Kehrli, ME Laufer, JA Nusz, LT TI Alimentary and respiratory tract lesions in eight medically fragile Holstein cattle with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; CD18; integrins; neutrophils; ulcerative enteritis ID GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; GLYCOPROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; CALVES AB Lesions in the alimentary tract were studied in eight medically fragile Holstein cattle homozygous for the bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) allele as determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. These cattle received institutional medical care but died or were euthanatized because of chronic debilitation associated with diarrhea (6/8) and pneumonia (4/8). The six cattle with diarrhea had acute (n = 3) or chronic (n = 3) intestinal ulcers, but the other two remained relatively healthy for 3 years and did not develop intestinal tract ulcers. Ulcerated areas were present in the small intestine in six animals, and two of these also had ulcers in the large intestine. Ulcers were covered by thick exudates that, in chronic lesions, partially occluded the intestinal lumen. Intramural and serosal fibrosis also contributed to lumen constriction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the intestine of four cattle. Bovine viral disease virus and Salmonella were not isolated from the five cattle that were tested. Respiratory tract lesions consisted of dense infiltrates of neutrophils in bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. This study suggests that intestinal lesions are integral to the demise of BLAD cattle that receive intensive medical care and that neutrophils do infiltrate the lung and enter airway lumina, despite the adhesion deficiency. C1 ARS,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. ARS,ENVIRONM HLTH & SAFETY UNIT,USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. ARS,ANIM RESOURCES UNIT,USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), ARS,USDA,MWA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,SWINE RESP DIS PROJECT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA UJ530 UT WOS:A1996UJ53000003 PM 8740700 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Cheville, NF Tatum, FM AF Palmer, MV Cheville, NF Tatum, FM TI Morphometric and histopathologic analysis of lymphoid depletion in murine spleens following infection with Brucella abortus strains 2308 or RB51 or an htrA deletion mutant SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brucella spp; lymphoid depletion; mice; morphometry; spleen ID DELTA T-CELLS; RESPONSES; MICE AB BALB/C mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with suspensions of Brucella abortus strains 2308 or RB51 or an htrA mutant. Spleens were examined on postinoculation day (PID) 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 21, 30, and 60. Brucellae were cultured in high numbers from the spleens of mice infected with strains 2308 or htrA through PID 60; however, mice infected with strain RB51 cleared the infection between PID 30 and PID 60. Histopathologic changes in spleens from 2308-infected mice were characterized by marked accumulations of macrophages, which expanded marginal zones beginning as early as PID 7 and persisting through PID 60. Morphometric analysis showed a decrease in splenic white pulp in 2308-infected mice at PID 10, which correlated with the peak of bacterial infection. Although this decrease was significant (P < 0.05) when compared with values at the previous (PID 7) and the following(PID 15) time periods, it was not significantly different from white pulp values noted at PID 2 or PID 4 or the values for control spleens. Spleens from RB51-infected mice showed only mild to moderate accumulations of macrophages in marginal zone areas during the peak of RB51 infection (PID 7-10). Morphometric analysis of RB51-infected spleens showed a decrease in white pulp area, which coincided with peak bacterial numbers. However, this decrease was not significant (P > 0.05). Spleens from mice infected with the htrA mutant showed moderate to marked accumulations of macrophages in marginal zone areas, which persisted through PID 60. Multifocal necrosis in lymphoid follides as early as PID 4 was seen in both htrA and 2308 infection. Morphometric analysis of htrA-infected spleens revealed no significant decrease in white pulp and no obvious correlation with bacterial numbers in the spleen. These results suggest that virulent B. abortus does not induce lymphoid depletion significantly below those values seen in noninfected mice; thus, the possible role of lymphoid depletion in the pathogenesis of brucellosis remains questionable. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 282 EP 289 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA UJ530 UT WOS:A1996UJ53000004 PM 8740701 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Mattix, ME Lipscomb, TP AF Dubey, JP Mattix, ME Lipscomb, TP TI Lesions of neonatally induced toxoplasmosis in cats SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lesions; tachyzoites; tissue cysts; Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; transplacental AB Five pregnant queens were inoculated orally with Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts. Twenty-two live and three dead kittens were born 16 to 31 days after inoculation. Four kittens were eaten by queens and, thus, were not available for histologic examination. Twenty-one kittens that died or were euthanatized on day 2 (two kittens), 4 (one kitten), 5 (five kittens), 6 (five kittens), 7 (one kitten), 8 (four kittens), 16 (two kittens), and 29 (one kitten) after birth were studied histologically. T. gondii was detected by bioassay and was seen in histologic sections of tissues from all 21 kittens. The histologic lesions associated with neonatal toxoplasmosis were widely disseminated infiltrates of macrophages and neutrophils often accompanied by necrosis; lymphocytes and plasma cells were occasionally present. The most consistent lesions were proliferative interstitial pneumonia (21/21); necrotizing hepatitis (20/21); myocarditis (21/21); skeletal myositis (21/21); glossal myositis (19/19); nonsuppurative encephalitis affecting the cerebrum (18/18), brain stem (15/15), and spinal cord (9/9); uveitis (19/19); necrotizing adrenal adenitis (18/18); and interstitial nephritis (16/21). Placental lesions (2/2) consisted of grossly visible areas of necrosis and mineralization. C1 ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,USDA,BLDG 1040,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 290 EP 295 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA UJ530 UT WOS:A1996UJ53000005 PM 8740702 ER PT J AU Brown, CC Rhyan, JC Grubman, MJ Wilbur, LA AF Brown, CC Rhyan, JC Grubman, MJ Wilbur, LA TI Distribution of bluetongue virus in tissues of experimentally infected pregnant dogs as determined by in situ hybridization SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bluetongue virus; dogs; in situ hybridization AB Six female dogs (four pregnant and two nonpregnant) were inoculated with bluetongue virus (BTV), serotype 11. Pregnant animals and one nonpregnant dog received 5.5-6.3 log(10) of cell culture-adapted virus. The other nonpregnant dog received a modified live vaccine contaminated with bluetongue virus. The nonpregnant animals never became clinically ill and were euthanatized 35 days post-inoculation. Three of the four pregnant dogs aborted, and all four died or were euthanatized 5-10 days post-inoculation. The predominant pathologic feature in the adults was severe pulmonary edema. Various tissues from the bitches and fetuses were examined by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled probe corresponding to the nonstructural protein-1 gene of BTV-17. By this technique, viral nucleic acid was detected predominantly in endothelial cells of lung of all four dogs, with lesser amounts in capillaries of uterus, spleen, and kidney in some of the dogs. In two adult dogs, bluetongue viral nucleic acid was detected in mononuclear cells of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of spleen. There was minimal staining of capillaries in placentae in three of the five fetuses examined. There was no viral nucleic acid detected in any of the other fetal tissues. C1 USDA,PATHOBIOL LAB,NATL VET SERV LAB,APHIS,AMES,IA. ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,GREENPORT,NY. USDA,VET BIOL LAB,NATL VET SERV LABS,APHIS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), USDA,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,NVSL,APHIS,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 337 EP 340 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA UJ530 UT WOS:A1996UJ53000011 PM 8740708 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Feldstein, PA Bottino, PJ Owens, RA AF Hu, Y Feldstein, PA Bottino, PJ Owens, RA TI Role of the variable domain in modulating potato spindle tuber viroid replication SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RNA; PATHOGENICITY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; PSTV AB Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is believed to undergo a series of specific structural transitions during replication. The variable domain of PSTVd is known to contain sequences that are important for replication/accumulation as well as one of three ''premelting regions'' which control breakdown of the native structure in vitro. We have examined the structural and biological effects of five single and two double nucleotide substitutions within premelting region 3 in an effort to isolate temperature-sensitive mutations affecting PSTVd replication or pathogenesis. None of these mutants replicated as rapidly as the wild type, and a variety of spontaneous sequence changes were detected in their progeny, Higher temperatures were able to partially overcome the inhibition of replication associated with a more stable secondary structure, but no well-defined temperature-sensitive PSTVd mutants were identified. Selective pressures arising from the interaction of assay temperature and structural stability in vivo appear capable of moving PSTVd populations between peaks of relatively high fitness. Depending on the exact nature and location of the mutation, selection may occur at the level of either the plus or the minus strand. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,INST PLANT SCI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 219 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.0221 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA UJ532 UT WOS:A1996UJ53200006 PM 8623553 ER PT J AU Chay, CA Gunasinge, UB DineshKumar, SP Miller, WA Gray, SM AF Chay, CA Gunasinge, UB DineshKumar, SP Miller, WA Gray, SM TI Aphid transmission and systemic plant infection determinants of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus-PAV are contained in the coat protein readthrough domain and 17-kDa protein, respectively SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL REPLICATION; VIRUS; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; GENES; PURIFICATION; ACQUISITION; GENOME AB Proteins encoded by open reading frames (ORF) 3, 4, and 5 of the barley yellow dwarf luteovirus genome are translated from a single subgenomic RNA. The structural proteins are encoded by ORF 3 (coat protein) and ORF 5 (readthrough domain) and contain undefined domains that regulate the movement of virus through aphid vectors. The biological function of the nonstructural 17-kDa protein encoded by ORF 4 is unknown. A complementation method was employed to test the ability of barley yellow dwarf virions carrying mutations within the readthrough domain and the 17-kDa protein to be transmitted by aphids and to cause systemic infections in plants. We show that the readthrough domain is required for aphid transmission; however, it is not required for virus to be taken up by aphid hindgut cells and released into the hemocoel. The circulative pathway of luteoviruses in aphid vectors requires that virus be actively transported from the hemolymph into the salivary system. Thus, it appears that the readthrough domain is required for transport of virus through membranes of the aphid salivary glands. Furthermore, the readthrough domain was not required for systemic infection of plants, but did influence the accumulation of virus in infected plants. The 17-kDa protein is required for the systemic infection of plants. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA,ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,MOL CELLULAR & DEV BIOL PROGRAM,AMES,IA 50011. RI Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma/E-1153-2011 NR 38 TC 105 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 219 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.0222 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA UJ532 UT WOS:A1996UJ53200007 PM 8623554 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Driscoll, CT AF Pardo, LH Driscoll, CT TI Critical loads for nitrogen deposition: Case studies at two northern hardwood forests SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM; LUMPED-PARAMETER MODEL; ADIRONDACK LAKES; ACID DEPOSITION; SOIL-NITROGEN; CHEMISTRY; ACIDIFICATION; SATURATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATE AB A critical load of a pollutant is the level of input below which no harmful ecological effects occur to a complex ecosystem. Critical loads are being used in policy decisions regarding air pollution emissions. In this paper, we applied four mass and charge balance methods of calculating critical loads to two northern hardwood forests in the northeastern United States. Critical loads for nitrogen deposition with respect to acidity ranged from 0-630 eq/ha-yr. Critical loads for nitrogen deposition with respect to effects of elevated nitrogen (eutrophication and nutrient imbalances) ranged from 0-1450 eq/ha-yr. At both the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) and Huntington Wildlife Forest (HWF), the critical load for nitrogen with respect to acidity was exceeded. At the HBEF due to reduced forest growth, the critical load for nitrogen with respect to nutrient imbalances and eutrophication was exceeded in recent years. At Huntington Wildlife Forest, the critical load with respect to nitrogen effects was also exceeded. This analysis demonstrated that the calculated critical load of nitrogen varies in response to changes in environmental conditions such as variations in atmospheric deposition of sulfate or changes in forest biomass accumulation. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,705 SPEAR ST,S BURLINGTON,VT 05403, USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 128 DI 10.1007/BF00300425 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UJ526 UT WOS:A1996UJ52600008 ER PT J AU MorelSeytoux, HJ Meyer, PD Nachabe, M Touma, J vanGenuchten, MT Lenhard, RJ AF MorelSeytoux, HJ Meyer, PD Nachabe, M Touma, J vanGenuchten, MT Lenhard, RJ TI Parameter equivalence for the Brooks-Corey and vanGenuchten soil characteristics: Preserving the effective capillary drive SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION; EQUATION; LENGTH AB This paper provides a simple way to convert Brooks-Corey (BC) parameters to van Genuchten (vG) parameters and vice versa, for use primarily in situations where saturated conditions are likely to be encountered. Essential in this conversion is the preservation df the maximum value of a physical characteristic, the ''effective capillary drive'' H-cM [Morel-Seytoux and Khanji, 1974], defined with a good approximation for a soil water and air system as H-cM = integral(0)(infinity)k(rw)dh(c), where k(rw) is relative permkability (or conductivity) to water and h(c) is capillary pressure (head), a positive quantity. With this conversion, infiltration calculations are essentially insensitive to the model used to represent the soil hydraulic properties. It is strictly a matter of convenience for the user which expression is used. On the other hand, the paper shows that other equivalences may lead to great variations in predictions of infiltration capacity. Consequently, the choice of the proper equivalence to use in calculations for rainfall-runoff modeling or for low-level radioactive waste disposal design is a serious matter. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CIVIL ENVIRONM & ARCHITECTURAL ENGN, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. ORSTOM, INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT, DEPT EAUX CONTINENTALES, F-34032 MONTPELLIER, FRANCE. USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Meyer, Philip/0000-0002-8714-4693 NR 16 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1251 EP 1258 DI 10.1029/96WR00069 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UH882 UT WOS:A1996UH88200009 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Sandretto, C Hostetler, J AF Kim, CS Sandretto, C Hostetler, J TI Effects of farmer response to nitrogen fertilizer management practices on groundwater quality SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION-CONTROL; NEBRASKA; MAIZE AB This research investigates the validity of efforts to protect groundwater quality for a variety of beneficial uses by using a widely accepted nitrate-accounting procedure as the mechanism to obtain reductions in farmer-applied nitrogen fertilizers. A dynamic model of nitrogen fertilizer use, incorporating critical elements of the nutrient cycle, is employed to demonstrate that recommended nitrogen fertilizer application rates based on this nitrate-accounting procedure underestimate nitrogen fertilizer use. These results occur because the nitrate-accounting procedure inadequately represents farmer responses to nitrates available from irrigation water. An optimal tax rate on nitrogen fertilizer use is derived which, if implemented, would lead to the reduced levels of nitrogen fertilizer use intended by the nitrate accounting procedure. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1411 EP 1415 DI 10.1029/96WR00491 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UH882 UT WOS:A1996UH88200025 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, J Martz, LW AF Garbrecht, J Martz, LW TI Digital elevation model grid size, landscape representation, and hydrologic simulations - Comment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT GEOG,SASKATOON,SK,CANADA. RP Garbrecht, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1461 EP 1462 DI 10.1029/96WR00568 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UH882 UT WOS:A1996UH88200031 ER PT J AU Amartey, S Jeffries, T AF Amartey, S Jeffries, T TI An improvement in Pichia stipitis fermentation of acid-hydrolysed hemicellulose achieved by overliming (calcium hydroxide treatment) and strain adaptation SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; fermentation; hemicellulose; hydrolysate; overliming ID CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; D-XYLOSE AB The fermentability of a corn cob, acid-hydrolysed hemicellulose by Pichia stipitis was considerably improved by pre-treatment with Ca(OH)(2). The total sugars utilized and ethanol yield for the untreated hydrolysate were 18% and 0.21 g/g, respectively, compared with 82% and 0.32 g/g respectively for the treated material. Adaptation of the yeast to the hydrolysate resulted in a significantly higher fermentation rate with over 90% of the initial total sugars being utilized and an ethanol yield and maximum ethanol concentration of 0.41 g/g and 13.3 g/l, respectively. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 11 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 11 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 12 IS 3 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1007/BF00360928 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UJ529 UT WOS:A1996UJ52900013 PM 24415238 ER PT J AU Lunney, JK Pescovitz, MD Denham, S Haverson, K Stokes, C Davis, W Dominguez, J Zuckermann, F Saalmuller, A AF Lunney, JK Pescovitz, MD Denham, S Haverson, K Stokes, C Davis, W Dominguez, J Zuckermann, F Saalmuller, A TI Second international swine CD workshop summary. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, IDRL, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. INDIANA UNIV, DEPT SURG, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA. USDA ARS, IDRL, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. INDIANA UNIV, DEPT SURG, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA. UNIV BRISTOL, BRISTOL, AVON, ENGLAND. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. CISA, INIA, MADRID, SPAIN. UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. FED RES CTR VIRUS DIS ANIM, TUBINGEN, GERMANY. RI Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 228 EP 228 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100460 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Gregory, SA ComensKeller, P AF Allen, PC Gregory, SA ComensKeller, P TI Bovine somatotropin (bST) as an immune modulator during avian coccidiosis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 487 EP 487 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86100719 ER PT J AU Canals, A Zarlenga, DS Almeria, S Gasbarre, LC AF Canals, A Zarlenga, DS Almeria, S Gasbarre, LC TI Cytokine profiles induced by gastrointestinal parasitism in cattle. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1057 EP 1057 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86101287 ER PT J AU Ullah, AHJ Mullaney, EJ AF Ullah, AHJ Mullaney, EJ TI Role of disulfide bonds in Aspergillus ficuum phytase. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1377 EP 1377 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86101604 ER PT J AU Greenwald, RJ Urban, JF Lu, P Nguyen, H Finkelman, F Gause, WC AF Greenwald, RJ Urban, JF Lu, P Nguyen, H Finkelman, F Gause, WC TI Rapid upregulation and differential expression of B7 occurs during the course of a primary type 2 in vivo immune response. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS,BETHESDA,MD. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2526 EP 2526 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86102754 ER PT J AU Gause, WC Lu, P Zhou, XD Chen, SJ Finkelman, FD Urban, JJ AF Gause, WC Lu, P Zhou, XD Chen, SJ Finkelman, FD Urban, JJ TI Either B7-1 or B7-2 interactions can provide the essential B7 costimulatory signals for an in vivo mucosal TH2-like response. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS,BETHESDA,MD. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2528 EP 2528 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86102755 ER PT J AU Chen, SS Kong, QX Schmaltz, R Brown, F AF Chen, SS Kong, QX Schmaltz, R Brown, F TI Promiscuous invariant chain (II) peptides stimulated T cell proliferation in inbred mice across different MHC II haplotype barrier SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,OMAHA,NE 68198. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2727 EP 2727 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86102956 ER PT J AU Lax, AR Cary, JW Sherman, T AF Lax, AR Cary, JW Sherman, T TI Polyphenol oxidase in chlamydomonas reinhardii. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. UNIV S ALABAMA,MOBILE,AL 36688. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2844 EP 2844 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86103069 ER PT J AU Stallard, L Reeves, P AF Stallard, L Reeves, P TI Expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA in testes of Zn-deficient adult rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2919 EP 2919 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86103148 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Cary, JW Chang, PK AF Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Cary, JW Chang, PK TI The promoter region of aflR affects expression of Aspergillus parasiticus aflatoxin pathway genes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. TULANE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 3007 EP 3007 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86103237 ER PT J AU DombrinkKurtzman, MA AF DombrinkKurtzman, MA TI Molecular modeling of hydrolyzed fumonisins to assess structural differences. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 3011 EP 3011 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86103244 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D Lax, AR Prima, B Cary, JW Cleveland, TE AF Bhatnagar, D Lax, AR Prima, B Cary, JW Cleveland, TE TI Purification of a 43 KDa enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of norsolorinic acid to averantin in aflatoxin biosynthesis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 3012 EP 3012 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86103241 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Ehrlich, K Montalbano, B Bhatnagar, D AF Cary, JW Ehrlich, K Montalbano, B Bhatnagar, D TI Molecular and biochemical analysis of the norA gene involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin by Aspergillus parasiticus. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 3013 EP 3013 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA UK861 UT WOS:A1996UK86103243 ER PT J AU Wilcox, PL Amerson, HV Kuhlman, EG Liu, BH OMalley, DM Sederoff, RR AF Wilcox, PL Amerson, HV Kuhlman, EG Liu, BH OMalley, DM Sederoff, RR TI Detection of a major gene for resistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine by genomic mapping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE random amplified polymorphic DNA markers; host-pathogen interaction; forest pathology ID F-SP FUSIFORME; POPULATIONS; PARASITES; MARKERS AB Genomic mapping has been used to identify a region of the host genome that determines resistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine where no discrete, simply inherited resistance factors had been previously found by conventional genetic analyses over four decades. A resistance locus, behaving as a single dominant gene, was mapped by association with genetic markers, even though the disease phenotype deviated from the expected Mendelian ratio. The complexity of forest pathosystems and the limitations of genetic analysis, based solely on phenotype, had led to an assumption that effective long-term disease resistance in trees should be polygenic. However, our data show that effective long-term resistance can be obtained from a single qualitative resistance gene, despite the presence of virulence in the pathogen population. Therefore, disease resistance in this endemic coevolved forest pathosystem is not exclusively polygenic. Genomic mapping now provides a powerful tool for characterizing the genetic basis of host pathogen interactions in forest trees and other undomesticated organisms, where conventional genetic analysis often is limited or not feasible. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,FOREST BIOTECHNOL GRP,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US FOREST SERV,SO EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM32518] NR 43 TC 91 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 9 BP 3859 EP 3864 DI 10.1073/pnas.93.9.3859 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UK557 UT WOS:A1996UK55700023 PM 8632980 ER PT J AU Wagner, D Fairchild, CD Kuhn, RM Quail, PH AF Wagner, D Fairchild, CD Kuhn, RM Quail, PH TI Chromophore-bearing NH2-terminal domains of phytochromes A and B determine their photosensory specificity and differential light lability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE photomorphogenesis; regulatory photoreceptor; structure-function analysis; functional domains; specific degradation ID TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; TERMINAL DOMAIN; OVEREXPRESSION; ELONGATION; PHENOTYPE; DEFICIENT; MUTATIONS; MUTANTS; AVENA; HY8 AB In early seedling development, far-red-light-induced deetiolation is mediated primarily by phytochrome A (phyA), whereas red-light-induced deetiolation is mediated primarily by phytochrome B (phyB). To map the molecular determinants responsible for this photosensory specificity, we tested the activities of two reciprocal phyA/phyB chimeras in diagnostic light regimes using overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis. Although previous data have shown that the NH2-terminal halves of phyA and phyB each separately lack normal activity, fusion of the NH2-terminal half of phyA to the COOH-terminal half of phyB (phyAB) and the reciprocal fusion (phyBA) resulted in biologically active phytochromes. The behavior of these two chimeras in red and far-red light indicates: (i) that the NH2-terminal halves of phyA and phyB determine their respective photosensory specificities; (ii) that the COOH-terminal halves of the two photoreceptors are necessary for regulatory activity but are reciprocally interchangeable and thus carry functionally equivalent determinants; and (iii) that the NH2-terminal halves of phyA and phyB carry determinants that direct the differential light lability of the two molecules. The present findings suggest that the contrasting photosensory information gathered by phyA and phyB through their NH2-terminal halves may be transduced to downstream signaling components through a common biochemical mechanism involving the regulatory activity of the COOH-terminal domains of the photoreceptors. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 32 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 9 BP 4011 EP 4015 DI 10.1073/pnas.93.9.4011 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UK557 UT WOS:A1996UK55700051 PM 8633007 ER PT J AU Lane, MA Baer, DJ Rumpler, WV Weindruch, R Ingram, DK Tilmont, EM Cutler, RG Roth, GS AF Lane, MA Baer, DJ Rumpler, WV Weindruch, R Ingram, DK Tilmont, EM Cutler, RG Roth, GS TI Calorie restriction lowers body temperature in rhesus monkeys, consistent with a postulated anti-aging mechanism in rodents SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aging; Macaca mulatta; locomotor activity; circadian rhythm; heart rate ID DIETARY RESTRICTION; FOOD RESTRICTION; METABOLIC-RATE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; ENERGY-METABOLISM; FISCHER-344 RATS; MICE; ADULT; VARIABLES; LONGEVITY AB Many studies of caloric restriction (CR) in rodents and lower animals indicate that this nutritional manipulation retards aging processes, as evidenced by increased longevity, reduced pathology, and maintenance of physiological function in a more youthful state. The anti-aging effects of CR are believed to relate, at least in part, to changes in energy metabolism. We are attempting to determine whether similar effects occur in response to CR in nonhuman primates. Core (rectal) body temperature decreased progressively with age from 2 to 30 years in rhesus monkeys fed ad lib (controls) and is reduced by approximate to 0.5 degrees C in age-matched monkeys subjected to 6 years of a 30% reduction in caloric intake. A short-term (1 month) 30% restriction of 2.5-year-old monkeys lowered subcutaneous body temperature by 1.0 degrees C. Indirect calorimetry showed that 24-hr energy expenditure was reduced by approximately 24% during short-term CR. The temporal association between reduced body temperature and energy expenditure suggests that reductions in body temperature relate to the induction of an energy conservation mechanism during CR. These reductions in body temperature and energy expenditure are consistent with findings in rodent studies in which aging rate was retarded by CR, now strengthening the possibility that CR may exert beneficial effects in primates analogous to those observed in rodents. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT MED,MADISON,WI 53706. WILLIAM S MIDDLETON MEM VET ADM MED CTR,CTR GERIATR RES EDUC & CLIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Lane, MA (reprint author), NIA,MOLEC PHYSIOL & GENET SECT,NATHAN W SHOCK LABS,GERONTOL RES CTR,NIH,BAYVIEW MED CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21224, USA. NR 43 TC 204 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 9 BP 4159 EP 4164 DI 10.1073/pnas.93.9.4159 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UK557 UT WOS:A1996UK55700078 PM 8633033 ER PT J AU Pocovi, M Cenarro, A Civeira, F Myers, RH Casao, E Esteban, M Ordovas, JM AF Pocovi, M Cenarro, A Civeira, F Myers, RH Casao, E Esteban, M Ordovas, JM TI Incomplete dominance of type III hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with the rare apolipoprotein E2 (Arg136->Ser) variant in multigenerational pedigree studies SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein E; hyperlipoproteinemia; lipoproteins; genetics ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; E POLYMORPHISM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; HEART-DISEASE; LDL RECEPTOR; E PHENOTYPES; E DEFICIENCY; E ISOFORMS; BINDING AB In the process of screening apolipoprotein (apo) E genotypes in a population of subjects with lipid abnormalities, we have identified five subjects (one homozygote and four heterozygotes) with an abnormal 109 base pairs band following apo E restriction isotyping of amplified DNA with the restriction endonuclease CfoI. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were cloned and their sequencing revealed a C-->A substitution at the first nucleotide of codon 136. This mutation resulted in an amino acid substitution Arg to Ser, previously described as apo E2 Christchurch. Family studies were carried out for four of the probands. In these kindreds, stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that 78% of the cholesterol variability in men was predicted by body mass index, age and the rare apo E2 (Arg136-->Ser) variant. In women, age and the apo E2 (Arg136-->Ser) variant predicted 54.9% of the variability in cholesterol levels. Linkage analysis suggested that the presence of the apo E2 (Arg136-->Ser) variant was linked with the occurrence of cholesterol enriched triglyceride rich lipoproteins and with an incomplete dominance of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. Our data indicates that this mutation may be a relatively common cause of dyslipidemia in the Spanish population. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JM USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02118. UNIV ZARAGOZA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL & CELL BIOL,ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD APR 26 PY 1996 VL 122 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(95)06745-0 PG 14 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA UJ988 UT WOS:A1996UJ98800005 PM 8724110 ER PT J AU Gorman, SW Banasiak, D Fairley, C McCormick, S AF Gorman, SW Banasiak, D Fairley, C McCormick, S TI A 610 kb YAC clone harbors 7 cM of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) DNA that includes the male sterile 14 gene and a hotspot for recombination SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE positional (map-based) cloning; pulsed field electrophoresis; physical mapping; RFLP mapping; pollen development ID MOLECULAR LINKAGE MAPS; CPG ISLANDS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RESISTANCE LOCUS; ARABIDOPSIS; SEQUENCES; GENOME; CHROMOSOME-6; FRAGMENTS; MARKERS AB Pollen development requires both sporophytic and gametophytic gene expression. We are using a map-based cloning technique to isolate sporophytic genes which, when mutant, cause pollen abortion and a male sterile (ms) phenotype in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). We have genetically characterized one ms locus (ms14) using RFLP analysis and identified flanking markers. High-resolution genomic physical mapping indicates that the ms14 locus is located in a similar to 300 kb region. We have identified a YAC clone with an insert size of similar to 610 kb that contains the ms14-linked markers, reflects the organization of the physical map and therefore most probably contains the ms14 gene. In addition, we present evidence that the relationship between physical and genetic distance in this chromosomal region changes abruptly from similar to 105-140 kb/cM to less than 24kb/cM, and suggest that the TG393-TG104 region is a hotspot for recombination. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENE EXPRESS CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD APR 24 PY 1996 VL 251 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA UK452 UT WOS:A1996UK45200007 PM 8628247 ER PT J AU Cromwick, AM Birrer, GA Gross, RA AF Cromwick, AM Birrer, GA Gross, RA TI Effects of pH and aeration on gamma-poly(glutamic acid) formation by Bacillus licheniformis in controlled batch fermenter cultures SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE gamma-poly(glutamate); gamma-PGA; Bacillus licheniformis ID POLY(GAMMA-GLUTAMIC ACID); BIOSYNTHESIS AB Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945A was grown on Medium E in batch fermentations in which the pH was maintained at 5.5, 6.5, 7.4, and 8.25. The effects of pH on cell growth, carbon source utilization, and gamma-polyglutamic acid (gamma-PGA) production, molecular weight, and polymer stereochemistry were determined. The gamma-PGA yield was highest (15 g/L, 96 h growth time) at pH 6.5. The increase in gamma-PGA formation at pH 6.5 corresponded with a relatively high specific production rate at high gamma-PGA concentration (0.09 h(-1), similar to 15 g/L gamma-PGA). In contrast, the specific gamma-PGA production rates at fermenter pH values of 5.5 and 7.4 decreased significantly for gamma-PGA fermenter yields > similar to 5 g/L. Interestingly, alteration of the medium pH had little to no significant effects on the product quality as measured by stereochemical composition and molecular weight. While glutamate and glycerol utilization were similar as a function of pH, citrate consumption increased at pH 6.5, indicating that the formation of gamma-PGA from citrate at pH 6.5 was of increased importance. The effect of aeration was evaluated by increasing the agitation speed (250 to 800 rpm) and aeration rate (0.5 to 2.0 L/min) at pH 6.5, the pH of maximal gamma-PGA production. Increased aeration resulted in doubling of the cell dry weights (2 to 4 g/L), increasing gamma-PGA yields (6.3 to 23 g/L by 48 h) and increasing in the maximum gamma-PGA-specific production rate (0.09 to 0.11 h(-1)). Other effects of increased agitation included a rapid depletion of glutamate and citrate (by 50 h) and a decrease in product molecular weight. Despite the increase in agitation and aeration, oxygen limitation of the culture was not avoided, because the partial pressure decreased to < 1.0% by 29 h. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CHEM,LOWELL,MA 01854. AGR RES SERV,USDA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. NR 17 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 20 PY 1996 VL 50 IS 2 BP 222 EP 227 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UA765 UT WOS:A1996UA76500013 PM 18626940 ER PT J AU Trimnell, D Fanta, GF Salch, JH AF Trimnell, D Fanta, GF Salch, JH TI Graft polymerization of methyl acrylate onto granular starch: Comparison of the Fe+2/H2O2 and ceric initiating systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Graft polymerizations of methyl acrylate (MA) onto granular cornstarch were carried out in water with both ferrous ammonium sulfate/hydrogen peroxide (FAS/H2O2) and eerie ammonium nitrate (CAN) initiation. Starch concentrations were 10, 20, and 30% in water, and the amount of MA used was either 0.5, 1, or 2 mol per AGU of starch. Two concentrations of FAS/H2O2 were used: 1 mol each of FAS and H2O2 per 100 AGU of starch, and 1 mol per 1000 AGU. Significant amounts of acetone-extractable PMA homopolymer were produced, and homopolymer formation was especially high at the 1 : 100 ratio. Sharp exotherms were observed, and reaction mixtures reached maximum temperature within 2 min or less. Total conversions of MA to PMA were higher at the 1 : 100 ratio, and conversions in some polymerizations were nearly quantitative. CAN-initiated polymerizations were run under the same conditions used for FAS/H2O2; however, the amount of CAN used was limited to 1 mol per 100 AGU because of low conversions at the 1 : 1000 ratio. Compared with FAS/H2O2, CAN gave more moderate exotherms; and longer time periods were required for reaction mixtures to reach maximum temperature. CAN gave quantitative conversions of MA to PMA, but only low percentages of PMA homopolymer were observed. Differences between FAS/H2O2 and CAN initiation are consistent with differences in the two initiation mechanisms. High levels of homopolymer produced on starch granule surfaces with FAS/H2O2 could be seen in scanning electron micrographs and were also apparent in infrared spectra obtained with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell. ATR spectra of acetone-extracted products indicated that the amount of PMA actually grafted to starch granule surfaces was similar with both initiating systems. Tensile properties of extruded ribbons prepared from these polymers did not vary greatly with the initiator used. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.(dagger) C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 8 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 18 PY 1996 VL 60 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960418)60:3<285::AID-APP1>3.3.CO;2-A PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA UB131 UT WOS:A1996UB13100001 ER PT J AU Lindpaintner, K Lee, MA Larson, MG Rao, VS Pfeffer, MA Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ Wilson, AF Wilson, PWF Vasan, RS Myers, RH Levy, D AF Lindpaintner, K Lee, MA Larson, MG Rao, VS Pfeffer, MA Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ Wilson, AF Wilson, PWF Vasan, RS Myers, RH Levy, D TI Absence of association or genetic linkage between the angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene and left ventricular mass SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEART-FAILURE; HYPERTROPHY; TWINS; CELLS; CAPTOPRIL; RATS; POLYMORPHISM; HYPERTENSION; DYSFUNCTION; EXPRESSION AB Background. Homozygous carriers of the D allele of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) gene have been reported to be at increased risk for various cardiovascular disorders, including left ventricular hypertrophy. We investigated the potential role of the ACE gene in influencing left ventricular mass. Methods. Quantitative echocardiographic data and DNA samples were available for 2439 subjects from the Framingham Heart Study. ACE genotypes were determined by an assay based on the polymerase chain reaction. (The D allele of the ACE gene contains a deletion, whereas the I [insertion] allele does not.) Left ventricular mass and the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, adjusted for clinical covariates, were analyzed according to genotype, Genetic linkage between the ACE locus and left ventricular mass was evaluated by quantitative analysis of pairs of siblings. Results. The ACE genotype was associated neither with left ventricular mass nor with the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Mean (+/-SE) left ventricular mass (adjusted for sex) among subjects carrying the DD, DI, and II genotypes was 165+/-1.6, 165+/-1.3, and 166+/-2.0 g, respectively (P=0.90). The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy among the three genotype groups was 15.6 percent, 13.6 percent, and 15.6 percent, respectively (P=0.36), and the adjusted relative risk of left ventricular hypertrophy associated with the DD genotype was 1.10 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.86 to 1.19). Linkage analysis in 759 pairs of siblings using both the ACE D/I marker and a microsatellite polymorphism at the neighboring locus for the human growth hormone gene failed to support any role of ACE in influencing left ventricular mass. Conclusions. The ACE genotype showed no association with echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass, nor did it confer an increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy. We found no appreciable role of the ACE gene in influencing left ventricular mass. C1 HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT CARDIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,BETH ISRAEL HOSP,SCH MED,DIV CARDIOL,BOSTON,MA. HARVARD UNIV,BETH ISRAEL HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02118. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV PREVENT MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT BIOMETRY & GENET,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Lindpaintner, K (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DIV CARDIOVASC DIS,DEPT MED,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,75 FRANCIS ST,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. RI Wilson, Alexander/C-2320-2009; OI Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03655]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K04-HL03138-01]; PHS HHS [N01-38038] NR 52 TC 219 Z9 225 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 18 PY 1996 VL 334 IS 16 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.1056/NEJM199604183341604 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA UE733 UT WOS:A1996UE73300004 PM 8598840 ER PT J AU deLeon, FAP Ambady, S Hawkins, GA Kappes, SM Bishop, MD Robl, JM Beattie, CW AF deLeon, FAP Ambady, S Hawkins, GA Kappes, SM Bishop, MD Robl, JM Beattie, CW TI Development of a bovine X chromosome linkage group and painting probes to assess cattle, sheep, and goat X chromosome segment homologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GENOME; AMPLIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; LOCI AB The X chromosome linkage group is conserved in placental mammals, However, X chromosome morphological differences, due to internal chromosome rearrangements, exist among mammalian species, We have developed bovine chromosome painting probes for Xp and Xq to assess segment homologies between the submetacentric bovine X chromosome and the acrocentric sheep and goat X chromosomes, These painting probes and their corresponding DNA libraries were developed by chromosome micromanipulation, DNA micropurification, microcloning, and PCR amplification, The bovine Xp painting probe identified an interstitially located homologous segment in the sheep and goat Xq region, most probably resulting from chromosome inversion. Ten type II (microsatellite) markers obtained from the bovine Xq library and five other X chromosome assigned, but unlinked, markers were used to generate a linkage map for Xq spanning 89.4 centimorgans. The chromosome painting probes and molecular markers generated in this study would be useful for comparative mapping and tracing of internal X chromosome rearrangements in all ruminant species and would contribute to the understanding of mammalian sex chromosome evolution. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,GRAD PROGRAM MOL & CELLULAR BIOL,PAIGE LAB,AMHERST,MA 01003. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP deLeon, FAP (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT VET & ANIM SCI,PAIGE LAB,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. OI Ponce de Leon, Federico/0000-0001-8645-553X NR 28 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 8 BP 3450 EP 3454 DI 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3450 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UF740 UT WOS:A1996UF74000056 ER PT J AU Lewis, LC Berry, ED Obrycki, JJ Bing, LA AF Lewis, LC Berry, ED Obrycki, JJ Bing, LA TI Aptness of insecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis and carbofuran) with endophytic Beauveria bassiana, in suppressing larval populations of the European corn borer SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Bacillus thuringiensis; carbofuran; maize; European com borer; insecticide ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; BALSAMO VUILLEMIN; ZEA-MAYS; PYRALIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; LEP AB Research was conducted in 1989 and 1990 to determine if Beauveria bassiana in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran is an effective tactic for season-long management of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. A granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana was applied to corn at whorl stage (V6) and/or at pollen-shed stage (R1) corn. Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was then applied to the same plants. Beauveria bassiana reduced larval populations of O. nubilalis when the fungus was applied to corn during both the whorl stage and the pollen-shed stage. When either Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was added to plants treated with Beauveria bassiana, there was increased mortality of O. nubilalis. Although Beauveria bassiana alone reduced O. nubilalis tunneling, mostly damage was further reduced when Bacillus thuringiensis or carbofuran was applied to whorl-stage corn. When applied to pollen-shedding corn, Beauveria bassiana reduced tunneling but had no significant effect on yield, unless Bacillus thuringiensis was added. Although Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, and carbofuran reduced tunneling by first generation O. nubilalis, increased yields did not always result. Tunneling by second-generation O. nubilalis was significantly reduced by Beauveria bassiana in both years of all experiments, Even so, yields were variable in all experiments which indicated that a number of abiotic and biotic factors, aside from insects, affected yields. This study is the first to document compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with a chemical insecticide. Yield data indicate that endophytic Beauveria bassiana is nor a plant pathogen. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP Lewis, LC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,GENET LAB,USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 57 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(95)01011-4 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UT410 UT WOS:A1996UT41000004 ER PT J AU Mannan, RM He, WZ Metzger, SU Whitmarsh, J Malkin, R Pakrasi, HB AF Mannan, RM He, WZ Metzger, SU Whitmarsh, J Malkin, R Pakrasi, HB TI Active photosynthesis in cyanobacterial mutants with directed modifications in the ligands for two iron-sulfur clusters in the PsaC protein of photosystem I SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; directed mutagenesis; iron-sulfur centers; photosynthesis; photosystem I ID ANABAENA-VARIABILIS ATCC-29413; CENTER-B; CENTER-A; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; FERREDOXIN; MUTAGENESIS; COMPLEX; GENE AB The PsaC protein of the Photosystem I (PSI) complex in thylakoid membranes coordinates two [4Fe-4S] clusters, F-A and F-B. Although it is known that PsaC participates in electron transfer to ferredoxin, the pathway of electrons through this protein is unknown. To elucidate the roles of F-A and F-B, we created two site-directed mutant strains of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. In one mutant, cysteine 13, a ligand for F-B was replaced by an aspartic acid (C13D); in the other mutant, cysteine 50, a ligand for F-A was modified similarly (C50D). Low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance studies demonstrated that the C50D mutant has a normal F-B center and a modified F-A center. In contrast, the C13D strain has normal F-A, but failed to reveal any signal from F-B. Room-temperature optical studies showed that C13D has only one functional electron acceptor in PsaC, whereas two such accepters are functional in the C50D and wild-type strains. Although both mutants grow under photoautotrophic conditions, the rate of PSI-mediated electron transfer in C13D under low light levels is about half that of C50D or wild type. These data show that (i) F-B is not essential for the assembly of the PsaC protein in PSI and (ii) F-B is not absolutely required for electron transfer from the PSI reaction center to ferredoxin. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV ILLINOIS,CTR BIOPHYS & COMPUTAT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,AGR RES SERV,USDA,URBANA,IL 61801. OI Metzger-Groom, Sabine/0000-0003-3783-2436 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM41841] NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1826 EP 1833 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA UG748 UT WOS:A1996UG74800009 PM 8617228 ER PT J AU Zeller, K Hehn, T AF Zeller, K Hehn, T TI Measurements of upward turbulent ozone fluxes above a subalpine spruce-fir forest SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; CO2 AB High rural concentrations of ozone (O-3) are thought to be either stratospheric in origin, advected from upwind urban sources, or photochemically generated locally as a result of natural trace gas emissions. Ozone is known to be transported vertically downward from the above-canopy atmospheric surface layer and destroyed within stomata or on other biological and mineral surfaces. However, here we report winter-time eddy correlation measurements of vertical O-3 flux above a subalpine canopy of Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa in the Snowy Range Mountains of Wyoming that indicate anomalous upward O-3 fluxes. Upward fluxes of 0.5 mu g m(-2) s(-1) (11 kg km(-2) day(-1)) were routinely measured during the 1991-92 winter season. Decreasing O-3 concentration from several hours to several days that relate to increasing positive O-3 flux magnitudes and visa versa, suggest O-3 may be temporarily stored in the snow base. RP Zeller, K (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA ARS,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 23 IS 8 BP 841 EP 844 DI 10.1029/96GL00786 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA UF439 UT WOS:A1996UF43900013 ER PT J AU Huang, K Mohanty, BP vanGenuchten, MT AF Huang, K Mohanty, BP vanGenuchten, MT TI A new convergence criterion for the modified Picard iteration method to solve the variably saturated flow equation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL INFILTRATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; RICHARDS EQUATION; UNSATURATED FLOW; DRY SOILS; MODEL AB Solutions of the Richards equation for wafer flow in variably saturated porous media are increasingly being used in water resources evaluation and environmental management. Besides the accuracy of solution, also of concern is the required computational effort, especially when highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and dry initial conditions are involved. In this paper we evaluate the performance of different convergence criteria when the modified Picard iteration method is used for solving the mixed-form Richards equation. Results are compared in terms of computer processing (CPU) time and number of iterations. A new nonlinear convergence criterion derived using a Taylor series expansion of the water content was implemented in the mixed-form numerical algorithm. The computational efficiency of the new criterion was evaluated against two widely used convergence criteria for different soil types, boundary conditions, initial conditions, and layered soils. Whereas all three criteria produced nearly identical results in terms of calculated water content, pressure head, and water flux distributions, all with negligible mass balance errors, the required CPU times were significantly different. In general, the new nonlinear convergence criterion was found to be computationally much more efficient than the other two criteria. The new criterion was also more robust (i.e. the solution remained convergent) fdr highly nonlinear flow problems for which the other two convergence criteria failed. Results of this study indicate that the new convergence criterion, when implemented in the modified Picard solution of the mixed-form Richards equation, produces a very efficient and accurate method for simulating variably saturated water flow in soils. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 33 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 178 IS 1-4 BP 69 EP 91 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(95)02799-8 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA UJ144 UT WOS:A1996UJ14400005 ER PT J AU Garner, DL Dobrinsky, JR Welch, GR Johnson, LA AF Garner, DL Dobrinsky, JR Welch, GR Johnson, LA TI Porcine sperm viability, oocyte fertilization and embryo development after staining spermatozoa with SYBR-14 SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spermatozoa; boar; fertility; embryonic development; fluorescent staining ID BOAR AB The objective of these experiments was to determine the efficacy of the new membrane permeant nucleic acid stain, SYBR-14, for assessing boar sperm viability and to determine it's effect on fertilization and early embryonic development using the pig as a model. We examined the staining patterns of SYBR-14 and another vital stain, Hoechst 33342, both in combination with the dead cell stain, propidium iodide (PI), to quantify the proportion of living and dead spermatozoa in ejaculated and epididymal semen. Flow cytometry analyses of semen from 4 boars revealed significant differences among boars for the proportion of SYBR-14-stained spermatozoa in both epididymal and ejaculated samples, but not for Hoechst 33342 or PI stained spermatozoa. Gilts were inseminated with unstained spermatozoa or spermatozoa stained with 2 levels of SYBR-14 or 2 levels of the reference stain, Hoechst 33342. Embryos recovered at 42 to 48 h postinsemination were morphologically evaluated, and only 4 to 8-cell embryos were continued in culture. Overall, fluorescent staining of boar spermatozoa with SYBR-14 or Hoechst 33342 neither affected their ability to fertilize oocytes, nor the developmental competence of the resultant embryos. C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Garner, DL (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,SCH VET MED,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(96)00067-2 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA UG186 UT WOS:A1996UG18600003 PM 16727868 ER PT J AU Cunningham, RL AF Cunningham, RL TI Effect of processing conditions on intrinsic viscosity of extruded cornstarch SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COOKED CORN STARCH; EXTRUSION-COOKING; GELATINIZATION; EXPANSION; VARIABLES; PRODUCTS AB Unmodified cornstarch from dent corn was used in this study to determine the effect of twin-screw extrusion conditions on the intrinsic viscosity of this polysaccharide and water. The study focused on the intrinsic viscosity of the cornstarch as a function of the key variables. Primary variables examined were temperature (75, 100, and 125 degrees C), starch concentration or consistency (35, 50, and 65%), and screw speed (100, 200, and 300 rpm) during the extrusion processing. The most favorable conditions examined were the extrusion of the cornstarch at 35% consistency, 100 degrees C, and 200 rpm. Two-thirds of the original intrinsic viscosity of the unmodified starch was retained upon extrusion at 35% consistency at all temperatures and the screw speeds (200 and 300 rpm) examined. Also, similar values were observed at 50% consistency for 75 degrees C at 100 and 200 rpm and for 100 degrees C at all three screw speeds. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Cunningham, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES UNIT,MWA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 11 PY 1996 VL 60 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960411)60:2<181::AID-APP5>3.0.CO;2-O PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA UA028 UT WOS:A1996UA02800005 ER PT J AU Vollbrecht, A Sokolowski, D Hollipeter, W Sigler, R Greenblatt, J Anderson, DE Tennican, PJ Gamble, HR Zarlenga, D AF Vollbrecht, A Sokolowski, D Hollipeter, W Sigler, R Greenblatt, J Anderson, DE Tennican, PJ Gamble, HR Zarlenga, D TI Outbreak of trichinellosis associated with eating cougar jerky - Idaho, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 205, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; TRICHINOSIS C1 IDAHO DEPT HLTH & WELF,BOISE,ID 83720. SACRED HEART MED CTR,SPOKANE,WA 99204. INFECT DIS NW,SPOKANE,WA. USDA,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Vollbrecht, A (reprint author), N CENT DIST HLTH DEPT,LEWISTON,ME, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 10 PY 1996 VL 275 IS 14 BP 1070 EP 1070 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA UD027 UT WOS:A1996UD02700005 ER PT J AU Powell, JA Logan, JA Bentz, BJ AF Powell, JA Logan, JA Bentz, BJ TI Local projections for a global model of mountain pine beetle attacks SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; LODGEPOLE PINE; PRIMARY ATTRACTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SCOLYTIDAE; AGGREGATION; DISPERSAL; SEMIOCHEMICALS; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS AB We derive a system of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the phenomenon of mountain pine beetles attacking lodgepole pine en masse. A methodology for projecting the behavior of these partial differential equations onto purely local ordinary differential equations is discussed and implemented. The behavior of this system of equations is analysed and compared heuristically with observations. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN FORESTRY SCI LAB,US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP Powell, JA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD APR 7 PY 1996 VL 179 IS 3 BP 243 EP 260 DI 10.1006/jtbi.1996.0064 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA UL383 UT WOS:A1996UL38300006 ER PT J AU Kramomtong, I Neramitmansook, W Whipp, SC Joens, LA Limawongpranee, S AF Kramomtong, I Neramitmansook, W Whipp, SC Joens, LA Limawongpranee, S TI Comparison of ELISA and selective culture in the diagnosis of swine dysentery in Thailand SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV ARIZONA,COLL AGR,ARIZONA VET DIAGNOST LAB,DEPT VET SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Kramomtong, I (reprint author), NATL ANIM HLTH & PROD INST,CENT KASETSART,CHATUJUK,BANGKOK 10900,THAILAND. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD APR 6 PY 1996 VL 138 IS 14 BP 332 EP 333 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UF176 UT WOS:A1996UF17600015 PM 8730676 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Sivakumar, B DelRosario, M Frazer, EM AF Jahoor, F Sivakumar, B DelRosario, M Frazer, EM TI Isolation of acute-phase proteins from plasma for determination of fractional synthesis rates by a stable isotope tracer technique SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; LIVER PARENCHYMAL-CELLS AB Because of the unavailability of convenient tracer methods, there is no information on the kinetic changes responsible for the increased or decreased pool sizes of the acute-phase proteins (APPs) during the metabolic response to trauma and infections. We have developed a stable isotope tracer method to measure the synthesis rates of the APPs transferrin, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin, The proteins were isolated from plasma by either direct or sequential immunoprecipitation and purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With the exception of haptoglobin, the major band of each protein and its standard ran to a position corresponding to its molecular mass. The major band of haptoglobin and its standard ran to a position corresponding to a molecular mass of slightly less than 44 kDa, which corresponds to the haptoglobin beta chain, molecular mass 42.5 kDa. To measure the fractional synthesis rates (FSRs) of these proteins, three children were infused with H-2(3)-leucine for 8 h, and the amount of H-2(3)-leucine incorporated into the proteins was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The plateau isotopic enrichment of very low density lipoprotein-apoB-100-bound leucine was used to estimate the isotopic enrichment of the hepatic protein synthetic precursor pool. FSRs (%/day) of the proteins were haptoglobin, 50 +/- 8; transferrin, 19 +/- 1.1; and alpha 1-antitrypsin, 10 +/- 1.5. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41764] NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR 5 PY 1996 VL 236 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1006/abio.1996.0136 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA UE209 UT WOS:A1996UE20900014 PM 8619502 ER PT J AU PutnamEvans, C Burnap, R Wu, J Whitmarsh, J Bricker, TM AF PutnamEvans, C Burnap, R Wu, J Whitmarsh, J Bricker, TM TI Site-directed mutagenesis of the CP 47 protein of photosystem II: Alteration of conserved charged residues in the domain (364)E-(444)R SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE-STABILIZING PROTEIN; SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; EXTRINSIC 33-KDA PROTEIN; OXYGEN RELEASE TIME; CORE COMPLEX; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; O2 EVOLUTION; CPA-1; SPINACH; MUTANTS AB The intrinsic chlorophyll-protein CP 47 is a component of photosystem II in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. We had shown previously by biochemical methods that the domain (364)E- D-440 of CP 47 interacts with the 33 kDa extrinsic protein of photosystem II [Odom, W. R., & Bricker, T. M. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 5616-5620]. In this study, using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803, mutations at 17 conserved charged residues were introduced into the domain (364)E-(444)R Of the CP 47 protein. Only mutations introduced at positions (384)R and (385)R led to a modified PS II phenotype. We previously described a mutation at (RR384385GG) which resulted in a mutant with a defective oxygen-evolving complex [Putnam-Evans, C., & Bricker, T. M. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 11482-11488]. An additional set of mutations, (384)R to (384)G, (385)R to (385)G, and (384,385)RR to (384,385)EE has now been introduced at this site yielding the mutants R384G, R385G, and RR384385EE, respectively. Steady state oxygen evolution measurements and quantum yield measurements demonstrated that these mutants exhibited significant alterations in their ability to evolve oxygen. Total fluorescence yield measurements indicated that all of these mutants contained about 85%-90% of the PS II reaction centers found in the control strain. This decrease was insufficient to explain the oxygen evolution results. Analysis of oxygen flash yield parameters indicated that there was little change in the S-state parameters alpha, beta, gamma, or delta. Measurement of the S-2 lifetime, however, demonstrated that the S-2 lifetime of the mutants was 2-3 times longer than that of the control. Additionally, examination of the risetime of the oxygen signal indicated that there was a significant retardation (6-7-fold) in the rate of oxygen release, suggesting a retarded S-3-[S-4]-S-0 transition. These data reinforce our hypothesis that the positive charge density at positions (384)R and (385)R in the large extrinsic loop of CP 47 is necessary for its function in water oxidation. We speculate that this positive charge density may be an important factor in establishing the proper interaction between CP 47 and the 33 kDa extrinsic protein. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. E CAROLINA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & MOLEC GENET,STILLWATER,OK 74078. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61201. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 2 PY 1996 VL 35 IS 13 BP 4046 EP 4053 DI 10.1021/bi952661s PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA UC977 UT WOS:A1996UC97700023 PM 8672438 ER PT J AU Kamm, A Doudrick, RL HeslopHarrison, JS Schmidt, T AF Kamm, A Doudrick, RL HeslopHarrison, JS Schmidt, T TI The genomic and physical organization of Ty1-copia-like sequences as a component of large genomes in Pinus elliottii var elliottii and other gymnosperms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genome evolution; Pinus; retrotransposon ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GROUP RETROTRANSPOSONS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; COPIA; EVOLUTION; PLANTS; DNA; RETROELEMENTS; CONIFERS; BARLEY AB A DNA sequence, TPE1, representing the internal domain of a Ty1-copia retroelement, was isolated from genomic DNA of Pinus elliottii Engelm. var, elliottii (slash pine), Genomic Southern analysis showed that this sequence, carrying partial reverse transcriptase and integrase gene sequences, is highly amplified within the genome of slash pine and part of a dispersed element >4.8 kbp. Fluorescent in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes shows that the element is relatively uniformly dispersed over all 12 chromosome pairs and is highly abundant in the genome, It is largely excluded from centromeric regions and intercalary chromosomal sites representing the 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA genes. Southern hybridization with specific DNA probes for the reverse transcriptase gene shows that TPE1 represents a large subgroup of heterogeneous Ty1-copia retrotransposons in Pinus species, Because no TPE1 transcription could be detected, it is most likely an inactive element-at least in needle tissue, Further evidence for inactivity was found in recombinant reverse transcriptase and integrase sequences. The distribution of TPE1 within different gymnosperms that contain Ty1-copia group retrotransposons, as shown by a PCR assay, was investigated by Southern hybridization, The TPE1 family is highly amplified and conserved in all Pinus species analyzed, showing a similar genomic organization in the three- and five-needle pine species investigated, It is also present in spruce, bald cypress (swamp cypress), and in gingko but in fewer copies and a different genomic organization. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO INST FOREST GENET,SO RES STN,SAUCIER,MS 39574. JOHN INNES INST,DEPT CELL BIOL,KARYOBIOL GRP,NORWICH NR4 7UH,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RI Heslop-Harrison, JS/C-9207-2009 OI Heslop-Harrison, JS/0000-0002-3105-2167 NR 39 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 2 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 7 BP 2708 EP 2713 DI 10.1073/pnas.93.7.2708 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UD375 UT WOS:A1996UD37500016 PM 8610105 ER PT J AU Nigovic, B KojicProdic, B Antolic, S Tomic, S Puntarec, V Cohen, JD AF Nigovic, B KojicProdic, B Antolic, S Tomic, S Puntarec, V Cohen, JD TI Structural studies on monohalogenated derivatives of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BOND ACCEPTORS; C-H...O; AROMATIC RINGS; CRYSTALS; PROTEINS; RECEPTOR; PACKING; GROWTH AB The physiological properties of the phytohormone (auxin) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and its ring substituted derivatives have so far been rationalized by a number of contradictory hypotheses based on incomplete structural data deduced mainly by inspection of molecular models. In order to give more evidence for structure-activity relationships of monohalogenated IAA's. the molecular structures of the natural auxin 4-Cl-IAA as well as 5-Cl-IAA, 6-Cl-IAA, 7-Cl-IAA and 5-Br-IAA have been compared, as revealed by X-ray analysis, and molecular mechanics and dynamics. The influence of the substitution site and the size of the halogen atom and bioactivity is discussed. The typical structural feature of the molecules studied is the slight distortion of part of the indole nucleus around C7: bond length C6-C7 1.368(6)Angstrom and C6-C7-C71 117.6(3)degrees (average values of five structures and seven molecules). The conformations of monohalogenated indole-3-acetic acid molecules, characteristic for auxins, are defined by rotations about two bonds only: one describes the relative orientation of a side chain towards the indole moiety and the second the orientation of-the carboxylic group. The results of X-ray structure analysis, and molecular mechanics and dynamics revealed the folded shape of the molecules in all compounds studied. Ab initio calculations showed that the planar conformation can be adopted as well. Crystal data at 297K for 4-Cl-IAA, 6-Cl-IAA, 7-Cl-IAA and 5-Br-IAA, and at 220 K for 5-Cl-IAA, using MoK alpha radiation (lambda = 0.71073 Angstrom), and Cu K alpha (lambda = 1.5418 Angstrom) for 6-Cl-IAA, are as follows: 4-Cl-IAA, C10H8ClNO2,M(r) = 209.63, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 7.313 (4), b = 17.156 (4), c = 7.640 (4) Angstrom, beta = 92.71 (5)degrees, V = 957.5 (1) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, D-x = 1.454 g cm(-3), mu = 3.7 cm(-1), F(000) = 432, R = 0.037, wR = 0.039 for 1040 symmetry-independent [I greater than or equal to 3 sigma(I)] reflections; 5-Cl-IAA, C10H8ClNO2, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 19.141 (4), b = 5.154 (2), c = 10.323 (3) Angstrom, beta = 116.23 (2), V = 913.5 (1) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, D-x = 1.524 g cm(-3), mu = 3.8 cm(-1), F(000) = 432, R = 0.039, wR = 0.042 for 1184 symmetry-independent [I greater than or equal to 3 sigma(I)] reflections; 6-Cl-IAA, C10H8ClNO2, orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 61.08 (1), b = 12.115 (7), c = 7.674 (5) Angstrom, V = 5679 (5) Angstrom(3), Z = 24, D-x = 1.471 g cm(-3), mu = 33.9 cm(-1), F(000) = 2592, R = 0.052, wR = 0.052 for 3030 symmetry-independent [I greater than or equal to sigma(I)] reflections; 7-Cl-IAA, C10H8ClNO2, monoclinic, P291/c, a = 20.244 (5), b = 4.829 (2), c = 10.728 (4) Angstrom, beta = 116.30 (1)degrees, V = 940 (1) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, D-x = 1.481 g cm(-3), mu = 3.7 cm(-1), F(000) = 432, R = 0.042, wR = 0.029 for 889 symmetry-independent [I greater than or equal to 3 sigma I)] reflections; 5-Br-IAA, C10H8BrNO2, M(r) = 254.08, triclinic, , a = 5.645 (3), b = 9.713 (4), c = 10.019 (4) Angstrom, alpha = 116.02 (3), beta = 92.67 (5), gamma = 100.12 (4)degrees, V = 481.2 (5) Angstrom(3), Z = 2, D-x = 1.754 g cm(-3), mu = 42.0 cm(-1), F(000) = 252, R = 0.029, wR = 0.020 for 1865 symmetry-independent [I greater than or equal to 3 sigma(I)] reflections. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Nigovic, B (reprint author), RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST,POB 1016,ZAGREB 10001,CROATIA. RI Tomic, Sanja/J-3929-2012; OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7681 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B-Struct. Commun. PD APR 1 PY 1996 VL 52 BP 332 EP 343 DI 10.1107/S010876819500838X PN 2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA UK561 UT WOS:A1996UK56100016 ER PT J AU Sawaya, AL Tucker, K Tsay, R Willett, W Saltzman, E Dallal, GE Roberts, SB AF Sawaya, AL Tucker, K Tsay, R Willett, W Saltzman, E Dallal, GE Roberts, SB TI Evaluation of four methods for determining energy intake in young and older women: Comparison with doubly labeled water measurements of total energy expenditure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy intake; energy expenditure; diet; body fat; aging ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; TOTAL-BODY WATER; DIETARY ASSESSMENT; VALIDATION; RECORDS; DEUTERIUM; VALIDITY; HISTORY; HUMANS AB The accuracy and precision of four different food intake assessment methods were evaluated in young and older women by comparing reported energy intakes with doubly labeled water measurements total energy expenditure (TEE). A study lasting 8 d was conducted in 10 young women aged 25.2 +/- 1.1 y ((x) over bar +/- SEM) and in 10 older women aged 74.0 +/- 1.4 y. Free-living TEE was measured over 7 d and food consumption was determined from weighed food intake data (7 d), a 24-h food recall (in duplicate), and two different food-frequency questionnaires [Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC)/Block and Willett, both in duplicate]. In addition, body composition was determined by using hydrodensitometry, and strenuous physical activity and the extent of dietary restraint were determined by questionnaire. In young women, 24-h recall gave mean energy intakes that were closest to measures of TEE (-0.34 +/- 3.71 MJ/d compared with TEE, P = 0.178), and energy intakes by food-frequency questionnaires were the only intake data that correlated significantly with individual values for TEE (P < 0.05). In older women, food-frequency questionnaires gave mean energy intakes that were closest to measured TEE (+0.53 +/- 2.95 MJ/d with the Willett questionnaire and -1.19 +/- 3.02 MJ/d with the FHCRC/Block questionnaire). No energy intake data from this group correlated significantly with values for TEE. The 7-d weighed dietary intakes were significantly lower than measured TEE in both young and older women (-2.0 MJ/d in young and older women combined, P < 0.001), and did not correlate significantly with values for TEE, although they did most closely mirror the mean difference in TEE between the young and older women (2.30 MJ/d for TEE and 2.11 MJ/d for 7-d weighed intake). These data suggest that none of the methods studied gave accurate estimates of the usual energy requirements of individual subjects. In addition, the results suggest that for some types of studies, simple methods for assessing group mean dietary intake may actually give more accurate information than weighed dietary intakes. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ENERGY METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. MIT,CLIN RES CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR88]; NIA NIH HHS [AG07388]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124] NR 43 TC 157 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 63 IS 4 BP 491 EP 499 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UC185 UT WOS:A1996UC18500003 PM 8599311 ER PT J AU Fotouhi, N Meydani, M Santos, MS Meydani, SN Hennekens, CH Gaziano, JM AF Fotouhi, N Meydani, M Santos, MS Meydani, SN Hennekens, CH Gaziano, JM TI Carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and red blood cells after long-term beta-carotene supplementation in men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; tocopherol; plasma; red blood cells; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; humans ID VITAMIN-A; HUMAN LIVER; CANTHAXANTHIN; FERRETS; TISSUE; MUCOSA AB To determine the effects of long-term beta-carotene supplementation on concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols in plasma and in blood cells, fasting blood was collected from 73 randomly selected physicians from the Boston area who are participating in the Physicians Health Study (PHS). The PHS is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. In 1982, 22 071 male physicians were assigned to one of four treatments (325 mg aspirin alone, 50 mg beta-carotene alone, both, or neither) every other day. Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and red blood cells (RBCs) from physicians who have participated in the study for approximate to 12 y were analyzed for carotenoids and tocopherols. Compared with the placebo group, the supplemented group had higher beta-carotene concentrations in plasma (1.73 +/- 0.16 compared with 0.54 +/- 0.06 mu mol/L), RBCs (91.5 +/- 9.7 compared with 31.2 +/- 4.2 pmol/g hemoglobin), and PBMCs (61.6 +/- 10.3 compared with 15.5 +/- 2.5 pmol/10(7) cells). There were no differences in other carotenoids or tocopherols in plasma, RBCs, and PBMCs between these two groups. The beta-carotene-supplemented group had higher total carotenoids only in plasma. In both supplemented and placebo groups, plasma beta-carotene significantly correlated with both RBC and PBMC beta-carotene concentrations. Plasma cryptoxanthin correlated with both RBC and PBMC cryptoxanthin concentrations but plasma lycopene correlated only with PBMC lycopene concentrations. These data suggest that plasma may not be the best indicator of carotenoid status. Furthermore, long-term beta-carotene supplementation in men results in higher beta-carotene concentrations in plasma, RBCs, and PBMCs without lowering concentrations of other carotenoids or tocopherols. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV PREVENT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOVASC,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT AMBULATORY CARE & PREVENT,BOSTON,MA 02115. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,BROCKTON,MA. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 63 IS 4 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UC185 UT WOS:A1996UC18500011 PM 8599319 ER PT J AU Sokoll, LJ Sadowski, JA AF Sokoll, LJ Sadowski, JA TI Comparison of biochemical indexes for assessing vitamin K nutritional status in a healthy adult population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin K; osteocalcin; phylloquinone; gamma-carboxyglutamic acid; PIVKA-II; aging; nutritional status; undercarboxylated prothrombin ID BONE GLA-PROTEIN; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; SERUM OSTEOCALCIN; CIRCULATING OSTEOCALCIN; PLASMA OSTEOCALCIN; PAGETS-DISEASE; ELDERLY WOMEN; SEX AB Biochemical indexes for assessing vitamin K nutritional status were evaluated in 263 healthy subjects (127 males, 136 females) aged 18-85 y. The influences of aging (stratified by decade), menopause, and sex were examined. Total, carboxylated, and undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations were affected by sex and aging with increases in the sixth decade in women attributed to menopause. Aging effects in the women and sex differences were eliminated when undercarboxylated osteocalcin was expressed as a percentage of the total. Plasma phylloquinone and undercarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II) concentrations varied Little with aging with the exception of lower concentrations of phylloquinone in women in their third decade compared with other ages and higher concentrations of PIVKA-II in younger males compared with younger females. Urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-creatinine excretion ratios increased significantly with age in both males (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and females (r = 0.63, P < 0.001) with values 20% higher in the females on average over the entire age span. The undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentration, shown previously to be responsive to depletion and repletion of phylloquinone, was compared with the other indexes to determine its reliability as an indicator of vitamin K nutritional status. This measure appears promising because it correlated with plasma PIVKA-II concentrations (r = 0.27, P < 0.001) and with plasma phylloquinone concentrations (r = -0.35, P < 0.001), whereas the agreement between plasma phylloquinone and PIVKA-II concentrations was not as strong (r = -0.15, P < 0.05). C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 60 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 63 IS 4 BP 566 EP 573 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UC185 UT WOS:A1996UC18500013 PM 8599321 ER PT J AU OBrien, KO Abrams, SA Liang, LK Ellis, KJ Gagel, RF AF OBrien, KO Abrams, SA Liang, LK Ellis, KJ Gagel, RF TI Increased efficiency of calcium absorption during short periods of inadequate calcium intake in girls SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium intake; girls; stable isotopes; absorption; adaptation ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; CHILDREN; SUPPLEMENTATION; KINETICS; BALANCE AB Adequate calcium intake is essential for skeletal integrity, particularly during the period of peak bone mass acquisition from 9 to 17 y of age. Currently, the calcium intake of many adolescent girls is below the recommended dietary allowance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of girls to respond to acute periods of inadequate dietary calcium intake. Calcium absorption was evaluated in 11 girls aged 11.6 +/- 2.4 y after 10 d on both a low-calcium (7.05 +/- 2.03 mmol/d) and a high-calcium (35.30 +/- 2.28 mmol/d) diet. Fractional calcium absorption was determined by using oral (Ca-46) and intravenous (Ca-42) Stable isotopes of calcium. During a low calcium intake, fractional calcium absorption was significantly greater (0.582 +/- 0.087 compared with 0.260 +/- 0.068, P < 0.0001) and urinary calcium excretion was significantly lower (1.30 +/- 0.83 compared with 3.08 +/- 1.98 mmol/d, P < 0.004) than values obtained during a high calcium intake. Concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (combination of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol) were greater during the low calcium intake, although the difference was not significant (108.7 +/- 30.6 compared with 90.0 +/- 25.1 pmol/L, P < 0.1; n = 9). Excretion of N-telopeptide was significantly greater during the low calcium intake (761 +/- 508 compared with 413 +/- 341 nmol bone collagen equivalent (BCM)/mmol creatinine, P < 0.02; n = 9), indicating that bone resorption was increased. These results suggest that during short periods of inadequate calcium intake, girls are able to significantly increase the efficiency of calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium losses to conserve calcium required for bone mineral acquisition. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA,AGR RES SERV,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,HOUSTON,TX. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 63 IS 4 BP 579 EP 583 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UC185 UT WOS:A1996UC18500015 PM 8599323 ER PT J AU Paape, MJ Lilius, EM Wiitanen, PA Kontio, MP Miller, RH AF Paape, MJ Lilius, EM Wiitanen, PA Kontio, MP Miller, RH TI Intramammary defense against infections induced by Escherichia coli in cows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCYTES; DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGEN; CD14; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MACROPHAGES; PHAGOCYTOSIS; MECHANISM; BINDING; COUNTS; LFA-1 AB Objective-To examine Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on expression of CD14 and CD18 cell surface receptors and lectin/carbohydrate-mediated nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli. Design-Cell isolation, monoclonal antibody, phagocytosis and flow cytometric studies. Animals-4 clinically normal lactating Holstein cows for studies on CD14 and CD18, and 2 for phagocytosis studies. Procedure-Binding of CD14 and CD18 monoclonal antibodies to blood and milk neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes was studied by flow cytometry before and after intramammary injection of LPS, and nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli by blood neutrophils was determined. Presence of intracellular CD14 was determined after in vitro incubation of neutrophils in skimmed milk and after fixation and permeabilization of freshly isolated neutrophils. Results-Before LPS injection, percentages of blood neutrophils and large mononuclear (LMO) cells expressing CD14 averaged 3 and 63% and 68 and 35% for mammary neutrophils and LMO cells, respectively. After LPS injection, CD14 was only detected on blood and mammary LMO cells (61 and 25%); receptor expression increased by 1.8- and threefold, respectively. In vitro incubation of neutrophils in skimmed milk increased the percentage of neutrophils expressing CD14. The number of blood neutrophils staining positive for CD14 increased after permeabilization of the plasma membrane, which was blocked by unlabeled anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies. Before LPS, percentages of blood neutrophils and LMO cells expressing CD18 averaged 93 and 95% and was 88 and 55% for mammary neutrophils and LMO cells, respectively. After LPS, percentages of mammary neutrophils and LMO cells expressing CD18 increased to 100 and 95%, respectively. Expression of CD18 was 2.6-fold higher for mammary neutrophils before injection of LPS, compared with blood neutrophils, either before or after LPS. In absence of opsonins, neutrophils with adherent and phagocytosed E coli averaged 83 and 14%. Conclusions-LPS modulated expression of CD14 and CD18 and lectin-carbohydrate interactions mediated nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli An intracellular pool of CD14 exists in bovine neutrophils and is capable of translocating to the cell surface. Clinical Relevance-Development of methods to maximize expression of CD14 receptors an mammary neutrophils involved in production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nonopsonic phagocytosis could result in reducing prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows. C1 TURKU UNIV, DEPT BIOCHEM, TURKU, FINLAND. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1996 VL 57 IS 4 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UD947 UT WOS:A1996UD94700017 PM 8712510 ER PT J AU Beever, JE Lewin, HA Barendse, W Andersson, L Armitage, SM Beattie, CW Burns, BM Davis, SK Kappes, SM Kirkpatrick, BW Ma, RZ McGraw, RA Stone, RT Taylor, JF AF Beever, JE Lewin, HA Barendse, W Andersson, L Armitage, SM Beattie, CW Burns, BM Davis, SK Kappes, SM Kirkpatrick, BW Ma, RZ McGraw, RA Stone, RT Taylor, JF TI Report of the first workshop on the genetic map of bovine chromosome 23 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine; BoLA; chromosome 23; framework map; genetic linkage; major histocompatibility complex ID LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS; MARKERS; PRL AB A report of the first workshop on the genetic map of bovine chromosome 23 (BTA23) is given, Five laboratories contributed data from 29 loci, including a total 11586 informative genotypes. The combined pedigrees represented 1930 potentially informative meioses, Eighteen of the 29 loci were common to two or more data sets and were used to construct a framework linkage map of BTA23, Twelve of the 18 could be ordered on the linkage map with a likelihood ratio of greater than 1000:1. Thus, a low resolution consensus map was constructed with a high level of support for order. The sex-averaged, female and male maps span 54.5, 52.7 and 55.8 cM, respectively, Sex-specific differences in recombination frequency were identified for eight pairs of framework loci. Average genetic distance between framework loci on the sex-averaged map is 50 cM. C1 UNIV QUEENSLAND,CSIRO,DIV TROP ANIM PROD,GEHRMANN LABS,BRISBANE,QLD,AUSTRALIA. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM BREEDING & GENET,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MEAT & ANIM SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Beever, JE (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,1201 W GREGORY DR,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. RI Barendse, William/D-8608-2011 OI Barendse, William/0000-0002-5464-0658 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 1996 VL 27 IS 2 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA UP470 UT WOS:A1996UP47000001 PM 8856895 ER EF